MODEL ANSWER FOR SECOND MID TERM

2. We need to determine the equivalent circuit impedances of a 20 kVA, 8000/240 V, 60

Hz transformer. The open-circuit and short-circuit tests led to the following data:

VOC = 8000 V VSC = 489 V

IOC = 0.214 A ISC = 2.5 A

POC = 400 W PSC = 240 W

Solution: The power factor during the open-circuit test is

POC 400
PF = cos θ = = = 0.234 lagging
VOC ∗ IOC 8000 ∗ 0.214
The excitation admittance is
IOC 0.214 1 1
YE = VOC < − cos−1 PF = < − cos−1 0.234 = 0.0000063 − j0.0000261 = RC − j XM
8000

1 1
Therefore: RC = = 159kΩ; XM = = 38.3kΩ
0.0000063 0.0000261

The power factor during the short-circuit test is

PSC 240
PF = cos θ = = = 0.196 lagging
VSC ∗ ISC 489 ∗ 2.5
The series impedance is given by

VSC 489
ZSC = < cos −1 PF = < 78.7° = 38.4 + j192 Ω
ISC 2.5
Therefore: Req = 38.3 Ω; Xeq = 192Ω

The equivalent circuit

3. A 15-kVA, 23001230-V transformer is to be tested to determine its excitation branch
components, its series impedances, and its voltage regulation. The following test data
have been taken from the primary side of the transformer:

(a) Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the high-voltage side.
(b) Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the low-voltage side.
(c) Calculate the full-load voltage regulation at 0.8 lagging power factor, 1.0 power
factor, and at 0.8 leading power factor.
(d) What is the efficiency of the transformer at full load with a power factor of 0.8
lagging?
Solution:
Solution: VT = 240 V, RA = 0.064Ω, RF = 93.6Ω

(a)The output power in watts Pout = 30hp*746 W/hp = 22,380 W

Pout 22380
Efficiency = × 100 = × 100 = 88.5
Pin Pin
22380∗100
Pin = = 25288 W
88.5

Pin 25288
The line current IL = = = 105.37 A
VT 240
VT 240
the field current IF = = = 2.564 A
RF 93.6

The armature current IA = IL – IF = 105.37 – 2.564 = 102.8 A

Therefore, at full load armature I2R losses are PA = I2ARA = (102.8)2*0.064 = 673.34 W

At full load field circuit I2R losses are Pf = I2FRF = (2.564)2*93.6 = 615.33 W
The output power Pout = Pin – PA – Pf – Prot - Pstray

Where Pstay is 1% of Pin

Prot = Pin – PA – Pf – Pstray - Pout = 25288 – 673.34 – 615.33 – 0.01*25288 – 22380

Prot = 1366.45 W
Prot 1366.45
Percentage of Rotational losses = × 100 = × 100
Pin 25288

= 5.4 % rotational losses

(b)Let Rs be the series starter resistance, then

VT 240
Ia = = = 1.75 ∗ 102.8
Ra+Rs 0.064+Rs

Rs + 0.064 = 1.334

Rs = 1.27Ω
n1 ∅2 0.9 ∅
(c) = =
n2 ∅1 ∅

n1 1150
n2 = = = 1277.77 rpm
0.9 0.9

Q6) List and define three major losses in DC motors.

Q7) Compare between the three types of DC motors