I.

Themes in the Study of Life

1) WhichChapter
of the1 following properties
Introduction: orStudy
Themes in the processes
of Life do we associate with living things?
A) evolutionary adaptations
B) responding to the environment
C) growth and reproduction
D) all of the above
2) Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology?
A) interaction with the environment
B) emergent properties
C) evolution
D) reductionism
E) structure and function
3) Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least
to the most complex level?
A) organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism
B) cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle
C) organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ
D) molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere
4) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
A)biosystem.
B) community.
C) population.
D) ecosystem.
5) Which of the following is a false statement regarding DNA?
A) Each chromosome has one very long DNA molecule with hundreds of thousands of genes.
B) Every cell is enclosed by a membrane.
C) Every cell uses DNA as its genetic information.
D) All forms of life are composed of cells that have a membrane enclosed nucleus.
6) In terms of the hierarchical organization of life, a bacterium is at the __________ level of
organization, whereas a human is at the __________ level of organization.
A) single celled organism; multicellular organism
B)single organelle; organism
C) organelle; organ system
D) single tissue; multicellular organism
7) Which of these is a correct representation of the hierarchy of biological organization from
least to most complex?
A) organelle of a stomach cell, digestive system, large intestine, small intestine, intestinal tissue,
organism
B) organelle of an intestinal cell, digestive system, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal tissue,
organism
C) molecule, intestinal cell organelle, intestinal cell, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism
D) molecule, small intestine, large intestine, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism
8) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant
chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into
A) the energy of motion.
B) carbon dioxide and water.
C) the potential energy of chemical bonds.
D) oxygen.
9) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is
A) light energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) chemical energy.
10) The dynamics of any ecosystem include the following major processes:
A) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers
B) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers
C) the recycling of chemical nutrients
D) the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers, and the recycling of
chemical nutrients.
11) For most ecosystems __________ is (are) the ultimate source of energy, and energy leaves the
ecosystem in the form of__________.
A) sunlight; heat
B) heat; light
C) plants; animals
D) plants; heat
13) The lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for life is the
A) organelle–for example, a chloroplast.
B) cell–for example,a skin cell.
C) tissue–for example,
Chapter nervous
1 Introduction: tissue.
Themes in the Study of Life
D) organ system–for example, the reproductive system.
14) Which of the following is a false statement regarding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?
A) Each deoxyribonucleic acid molecule is composed of two long chains of nucleotides arranged in a
double helix.
B) Genes are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.
C) DNA is composed of chemical building blocks called nucleotides.
D) DNA is an enzyme that puts together amino acids to make a protein.
15) Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material
but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaea
D) fungi
E) protists
Answer: C
16) Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is not correct?
A) Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane bound nucleus.
B) Prokaryotic cells contain small membrane enclosed organelles.
C) Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane bound nucleus.
D) DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
17) Which of the following is reflective of the phrase the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?
A) emergent properties
B) natural selection
C) reductionism
D) feedback regulations
18) In order to understand the chemical basis of inheritance, one must understand the
molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of __________ to the study of
biology.
A) evolution
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) the cell theory
19) A type of protein critical to all cells is organic catalysts called
A) feedback activators.
B) feedback inhibitors.
C) enzymes.
D) metabolites.
20) Once labor begins in child birth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery.
The increasing labor contractions of child birth are an example of
A) a bioinformatics system.
B) positive feedback.
C) negative feedback.
D) feedback inhibition.
21) When blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin, and as a result blood glucose level
declines.When blood glucose level is low,the pancreas secretes glucagon, and as a
result blood glucose level rises.Such regulation of blood glucose level is the result of
A) catalytic feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) negative feedback.
D) bioinformatic regulation.
23) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
A) informatics
B) schematic biology
C) taxonomy
D) genomics
24) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?
A) a membrane bounded nucleus
B) a cell wall made of cellulose
C) ribosomes
D) flagella or cilia that contain microtubules
25) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Archaea and Monera
C) Eukarya and Monera
D) Bacteria and Archaea
26) Species that are in the same __________ are more closely related than species that are only
in the same __________.
Chapter 1 Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
A) phylum; class
B) family; order
C) class; order
D) family; genus
E) kingdom; phylum
27) Two species that belong to the same genus must also belong to the same
A) kingdom.
B) phylum.
C) class.
D) all of the above
28) Which of these is reflective of the hierarchical organization of life from most to least inclusive?
A) kingdom, order, family, phylum, class, genus, species
B) phylum, class, order, kingdom, family, genus, species
C) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
D) genus, species, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family
29) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single celled organism that had a cell wall
but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?
A) Eukarya B) Archaea C) Animalia D) Protista E) Fungi
30) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter.This organism has a
cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?
A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryota
B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria
C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae
D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi
31) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) the universality of the genetic code
B) the structure of the nucleus
C) the structure of cilia
D) the structure of chloroplasts
32) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?
A) requires genetic variation
B) results in descent with modification
C) involves differential reproductive success
D) A ,B,and C
33) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification which stated that organisms
of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) non inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.
C) non inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
34) All of the following statements are part of Charles Darwins concept of natural selection except
A) Slight inheritable variations within a population may make an individual significantly more or less
likely to survive in its environment, and thus to reproduce.
B) Every organism has the potential to produce more offspring than the local environment can
support.
C) Characteristics of organisms are inherited as genes on chromosomes.
D) Better adapted members of a species will survive and reproduce more successfully.
35) Which of these individuals is most likely to be successful in an evolutionary sense?
A) are productively sterile individual who never falls ill
B) an organism that dies after 5days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce
C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers 1offspring
D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves 2 offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce

II. Tour of the Cell

1) When biologists wish to study the internal ultra structure of cells, they most likely would use
A) a light microscope.
B) a scanning electron microscope.
C) a transmission electronic microscope.
D) A and B
2) The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that
A) light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy.
B) light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy.
C) light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.
D) A and B
3) A primary objective of cell fractionation is to
A) view the structure
Chapter of cellThemes
1 Introduction: membranes.
in the Study of Life
B) identify the enzymes outside the organelles.
C) determine the size of various organelles.
D) separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined.
4) Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found in the
pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a centrifuge?
A) ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria
B) chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuoles
C) nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts
D) nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes
5) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
A) DNA.
B) a cell wall.
C) a plasma membrane.
D) an endoplasmic reticulum.
6) The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the
corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that
A) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface to volume ratio than animal cells.
B) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted(folded) plasma membrane than animal cells.
C) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.
D) animal cells are more spherical, while plant cells are elongated.
7) A mycoplasma is an organism with a diameter between 0.1 and 1.0 m. What does its size
tell you about how it might be classified?
A) It must be a single-celled protist.
B) It must be a single-celled fungus.
C) It could be almost any typical bacterium.
D) It could be a very small bacterium.
8) Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
A) the evolution of larger cells after the evolution of smaller cells
B) the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
C) the evolution of eukaryotes after the evolution of prokaryotes
D) the need for a surface area of sufficient area to allow the cell’s function
9) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the
following molecules?
A) lipids
B) starches
C) proteins
D) steroids
10) Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a predominance of
free ribosomes?
A) a cell that is secreting proteins
B) a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes
C) a cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix
D) a cell that is digesting food particles
11) Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?
A) ribosome
B) lysosome
C) smoothendoplasmicreticulum
D) mitochondrion
12) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that maybe exported from the cell?
A) rough ER
B) lysosomes
C) plasmodesmata
D) Golgi vesicles
13) The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the
endomembrane system is largely determined by
A) the physical separation of most membranes from each other.
B) the transportation of membrane among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles.
C) the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting membrane components.
D) the modificationofthemembrane componentsoncetheyreachtheirfinaldestination.
14) In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged toprevent general destruction of cellular
components. Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization?
A) chloroplast
B) lysosome
C) centralvacuole
D) peroxisome
15) Tay Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and
becoming clogged
Chapter with veryThemes
1 Introduction: large inand complex
the Study of Lifelipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in
this condition?
A) the endoplasmic reticulum
B) the Golgiapparatus
C) thelysosome
D) mitochondria
16) The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following
structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?
A) rough ER
B) smooth ER
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Nuclear envelope
17) Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
18) Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
19) Which of the following is a compartment that often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
20) Which is one of the main energy transformers of cells?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
21) Which of the following contains its own DNA and ribosomes?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
22) Which of the following contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to
oxygen?
A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) peroxisome
23) Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in
A) vacuoles.
B) chloroplasts.
C) mitochondria.
D) lysosomes.
24) Organelles other than the nucleus that contain DNA include
A) ribosomes.
B) mitochondria.
C) chloroplasts.
D) B and C only
E) A, B, and C
25) The chemical reactions involved in respiration are virtually identical between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotic cells, ATP is synthesized primarily on the inner membrane of the
mitochondria. Where are the corresponding reactions likely to occur in prokaryotic respiration?
A) in the cytoplasm
B) on the inner mitochondrial membrane
C) on the endoplasmic reticulum
D) on the inner plasma membrane
26) Which of the following are capable of converting light energy to chemical energy?
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) leucoplasts
D) peroxisomes
27) A cell has the following molecules and structures :enzymes, DNA, ribosomes ,plasma
membrane, and1 mitochondria.
Chapter It could
Introduction: Themes be aofcell
in the Study Lifefrom
A) a bacterium.
B) an animal,but not a plant.
C) a plant, but not an animal.
D) a plant or an animal.
28) The mitochondrion, like the nucleus, has two or more membrane layers. How is the innermost of
these layers different from that of the nucleus?
A) The inner mitochondrial membrane is highly folded.
B) The two membranes are biochemically very different.
C) The space between the two layers of the nuclear membrane is larger.
D) The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is separated out in to thylakoids.
29) Why isn’t the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?
A) It only has two membrane layers.
B) Its structure is not derived from the ER.
C) It has too many vesicles.
D) It is not involved in protein synthesis.
30) Cells can be described as having a cytoskeleton of internal structures that contribute to the
shape, organization, and movement of the cell. Which of the following are part of the cytoskeleton?
A) the nuclear envelope
B) mitochondria
C) microfilaments
D) lysosomes
31) Microfilaments are well known for their role in which of the following?
A) ameboid movement
B) formation of cleavage furrows
C) contracting of muscle cells
D) A,B,andC
32) Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?
A) centrosomes
B) ribosomes
C) actin
D) A and B only
33) All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of
plant cells.Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition?
A) microtubules
B) microfilaments
C) plant cell walls
D) intermediate filaments
34) Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their respective functions
is correct?
A) cell wall: support, protection
B) chloroplasts: chief sites of cellular respiration
C) chromosomes: cytoskeleton of the nucleus
D) ribosomes: secretion
35) Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following
structures in animal cells?
A) peroxisomes
B) desmosomes
C) gapjunctions
D) extracellularmatrix

III. Membrane Structure and Function

1) Which statement correctly characterizes bound ribosomes?
A) Bound ribosomes are enclosed in their own membrane.
B) Bound and free ribosomes are structurally different.
C) Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins.
D) All of the above.
2) Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?
A) nuclear envelope
B) chloroplast
C) Golgi apparatus
D) plasma membrane
3) Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
A) chloroplast
B) wall made of cellulose
C) central vacuole
D) mitochondrion
4) WhichChapter
of the1 following is Themes
Introduction: present in Study
in the a prokaryotic
of Life cell?
A) mitochondrion
B) ribosome
C) nuclear envelope
D) chloroplast
5) Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?
A) muscle cell
B) nerve cell
C) phagocytic white blood cell
D) leaf cell of a plant
6) Who was/were the first to propose that cell membranes are phospholipid bilayers?
A) H. Davson and J. Danielli
B) I. Langmuir
C) C. Overton
D) Gorter and F. Grendel
7) Who proposed that membranes are a phospholipid bilayer between two layers of hydrophilic
proteins?
A) H. Davson and J. Danielli
B) I. Langmuir
C) C. Overton
D) S. Singer and G. Nicolson
8) Who proposed that the membrane is a mosaic of protein molecules bobbing in a fluid bilayer of
phospholipids?
A) H. Davson and J. Danielli
B) I. Langmuir
C) C. Overton
D) S. Singerand G. Nicolson
9) Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell
membrane?
A) phospholipids and cellulose
B) nucleic acids and proteins
C) phospholipids and proteins
D) proteins and cellulose
10) In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be which of the
following?
A) hydrophilic
B) hydrophobic
C) amphipathic
D) completely covered with phospholipids
11) Which of the following is true of integral membrane proteins?
A) They lack tertiary structure.
B) They are loosely bound to the surface of the bilayer.
C) They are usually transmembrane proteins.
D) They are not mobile within the bilayer.
12) Which of these are not embedded in the lipid bilayer at all?
A) transmembrane proteins
B) integral proteins
C) peripheral proteins
D) integrins
13) Which of these often serve as receptors or cell recognition molecules on cell surfaces?
A) transmembrane proteins
B) integral proteins
C) peripheral proteins
D) glycoproteins
14) What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
A) large and hydrophobic
B) small and hydrophobic
C) large polar
D) ionic
15) Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?
A) It is very rapid over long distances.
B) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
C) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration
to a region of lower concentration.
D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of
higher concentration.
16) Water passes quickly through cell membranes because
A) the bilayer
Chapteris1 hydrophilic.
Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life
B) it moves through hydrophobic channels.
C) water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis.
D) it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.
17) Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical
plant and animal cells?
A) The animal cell is in a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution.
B) The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypertonic solution.
C) The animal cell is in a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution.
D) The animal cell is in an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution.
18) What are the membrane structures that function in active transport?
A) peripheral proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) cytoskeleton filaments
D) integral proteins
19) What is the voltage across a membrane called?
A) water potential
B) chemical gradient
C) membrane potential
D) osmotic potential
20) The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires
A) low cellular concentrations of sodium.
B) high cellular concentrations of potassium.
C) an energy source such as ATP or a proton gradient.
D) a cotransport protein.
21) An organism with a cell wall would have the most difficulty doing which process?
A) diffusion
B) osmosis
C) active transport
D) phagocytosis

IV. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

1) What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex
molecules?
A) anabolic pathways
B) catabolic pathways
C) fermentation pathways
D) thermodynamic pathways
2) The molecule that functions as the reducing agent(electron donor) in a redox or oxidation
reduction reaction
A) gains electrons and gains energy.
B) loses electrons and loses energy.
C) gains electrons and loses energy.
D) loses electrons and gains energy.
3) When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction,
the molecule becomes
A) dehydrogenated.
B) hydrogenated.
C) oxidized.
D) reduced.
4) Which of the following statements describes NAD+?
A) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
B) NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH.
C) NAD+ is reduced by the action of hydrogenases.
D) NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation.
5) Wheredoesglycolysistakesplace?
A) mitochondrialmatrix
B) mitochondrialoutermembrane
C) mitochondrialinnermembrane
D) cytosol
6) TheATPmadeduringglycolysisisgeneratedby
A) substrate level phosphorylation.
B) electron transport.
C) photophosphorylation.
D) chemiosmosis.
7) The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which processor event?
A) glycolysis
B) accepting electrons
Chapter at the
1 Introduction: end in
Themes ofthe
the electron
Study of Life transport chain
C) the citric acid cycle
D) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
8) Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen(O2) is present or absent?
A) electron transport
B) glycolysis
C) the citric acid cycle
D) oxidative phosphorylation
9) Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods?
A) They have a lot of oxygen atoms.
B) They have no nitrogenintheirmakeup.
C) They can have very long carbon skeletons.
D) They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen.
10) In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate
A) 2 molecules of ATP are used and 2molecules of ATP are produced.
B) 2 molecules of ATP are used and 4molecules of ATP are produced.
C) 4 molecules of ATP are used and 2molecules of ATP are produced.
D) 2molecules of ATP are used and 6molecules of ATP are produced.
11) How does pyruvate enter the mitochondrion?
A) active transport
B) diffusion
C) facilitated diffusion
D) through a channel
12) Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate, what is the maximum
number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate level phosphorylation?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 11
D) 12
13) How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be produced by five turns of the
citric acid cycle?
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 12
14) Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following?
A) substrate level phosphorylation
B) chemiosmotic phosphorylation
C) converting oxygen to ATP
D) transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate
15) Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?
A) cytosol
B) mitochondrial outer membrane
C) mitochondrial inner membrane
D) mitochondrial intermembrane space