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Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users
to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with
friends, family and colleagues. The site, which is available in 37 different
languages, includes public features such as:
Within each member's personal profile, there are several key networking
components. The most popular is arguably the Wall, which is essentially a virtual
bulletin board. Messages left on a member's Wall can be text, video or photos.
Another popular component is the virtual Photo Album. Photos can be uploaded
from the desktop or directly from a smartphone camera. There is no limitation on
quantity, but Facebook staff will remove inappropriate or copyrighted images. An
interactive album feature allows the member's contacts (who are called generically
called "friends") to comment on each other's photos and identify (tag) people in the
photos. Another popular profile component is status updates, a microblogging
feature that allows members to broadcast short Twitter-like announcements to their
friends. All interactions are published in a news feed, which is distributed in real-
time to the member's friends.
Facebook offers a range of privacy options to its members. A member can make
all his communications visible to everyone, he can block specific connections or he
can keep all his communications private. Members can choose whether or not to be
searchable, decide which parts of their profile are public, decide what not to put in
their news feed and determine exactly who can see their posts. For those members
who wish to use Facebook to communicate privately, there is a message feature,
which closely resembles email.
Itro
Facebook is a social networking website that was originally designed for college
students, but is now open to anyone 13 years of age or older. Facebook users can
create and customize their own profiles with photos, videos, and information
about themselves. Friends can browse the profiles of other friends and write
messages on their pages.
Each Facebook profile has a "wall," where friends can post comments. Since the
wall is viewable by all the user's friends, wall postings are basically a public
conversation. Therefore, it is usually best not to write personal messages on your
friends' walls. Instead, you can send a person a private message, which will show
up in his or her private Inbox, similar to an e-mail message.
Facebook allows each user to set privacy settings, which by default are pretty
strict. For example, if you have not added a certain person as a friend, that person
will not be able to view your profile. However, you can adjust the privacy settings
to allow users within your network (such as your college or the area you live) to
view part or all of your profile. You can also create a "limited profile," which
allows you to hide certain parts of your profile from a list of users that you select.
If you don't want certain friends to be able to view your full profile, you can add
them to your "limited profile" list.
Another feature of Facebook, which makes it different from MySpace, is the
ability to add applications to your profile. Facebook applications are small
programs developed specifically for Facebook profiles. Some examples include
SuperPoke (which extends Facebook's "poke" function) and FunWall (which builds
on the basic "wall" feature). Other applications are informational, such as news
feeds and weather forecasts. There are also hundreds of video game applications
that allow users to play small video games, such as Jetman or Tetris within their
profiles. Since most game applications save high scores, friends can compete
against each other or against millions of other Facebook users.
Facebook provides an easy way for friends to keep in touch and for individuals to
have a presence on the Web without needing to build a website. Since Facebook
makes it easy to upload pictures and videos, nearly anyone can publish a
multimedia profile. Of course, if you are a Facebook member or decide to sign up
one day, remember to use discretion in what you publish or what you post on
other user's pages. After all, your information is only as public as you choose to
make it
In these days approximately 90% of the student population has some type of
membership or account in the various social sites, in this literature review we
will focus specifically on the largest social site today, Facebook. This literature
review will provide information on whether this social site affects the
student’s performance at school or if it doesn’t, also the history of what
Facebook is and some studies performed on the subject.
ENGLISH 1312 Facebook effects on students
Now a days we see how students are less interested in school matters, how they
are more interested in social sites compared than using the internet for
intellectual purposes. The social site Facebook has been said to affect the
performance of students and does not affect others. A review will be done of
this concern and will be better understood by answering these questions:
1.What is Facebook?
3.Is there a better performance at school for students that do not have
Facebook accounts compared to the ones who do?
The following literature review will focus on these questions providing more
information about the subject.
What is Facebook?
Facebook is the largest social site in the world today, launched February 2004
by Harvard students Mark Zuckerberg and his roommate Eduardo Saverin.
Facebook was originally created for Harvard students only, for them to keep
in touch when they were away from the campus, but the site has been now
expanded worldwide with now having more than one billion active users, the
majority of these users are still college students. It has been also very famous
for being a distraction among the students.
Choney, Suzanne (2010, September 7). Facebook use can lower grades by 20
percent. NBC news. Retrieved November 2nd 2012, from
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39038581/ns/technology_and_science-
back_to_school/t/facebook-use-can-lower-grades-percent-study-
says/#.UJcxiXb7I7s
On the other half a study performed by Reynol Junco a professor form Lock
Having University says that Facebook can not be blamed for lower grades of
college students that in fact some activities performed on Facebook actually
help increase the students grades by the students using this site as a tool for
study such as checking up on friends and sharing links. The real problem was
when students started distracting themselves by instead of taking advantage
of how Facebook can help their study’s, they would start to update they’re
status and that would completely distract them from their studies.
Bonilla, V (2011, October 14). Time on Facebook (kind of) helps (and really
doesn’t hurt) your GPA. USA Today College. Retrieved November 2nd 2012,
from
-Yes, I am.
-Do you believe that Facebook has to do something with your low GPA score?
-Do you think there are helpful tools on Facebook for studying?
In an other study done by Trudy Hanson we see how college students spend
very few time doing school related activities compared to the time they spend
on social sites, if the time they spent on social sites they would use to do school
related activities there grades would be exceptional, taking in mind that they
spent up to 6 hours daily on these social sites as shown in the study.
Is there a better performance at school for students that do not have Facebook
accounts compared to the ones who do?
Also it is shown how students with paying jobs are less likely to use Facebook
and the students that are enrolled in school extracurricular activities are more
likely to use this social site.
Conclusion
In this literature review we saw how Facebook in most of the cases does affect
directly the grades of college students, even though in some cases it helps them
achieve better grades, by correctly taking advantage of the tools provided by
Facebook, but most students cannot multitask and will get distracted with this
site, and by the studies shown how non-users have better grades than the
users it does have an effect on student GPA.
Chapter II:
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter presents literature and studies which include viewpoints of some authors and
educators concerning the importance of “THE EFFECTS OF MASS MEDIA PROMOTIONS
ON THE DECISION-MAKING OF THE SELECTED CONSUMERS OF CITYHOMES
RESORTVILLE LANGKAAN II, DASMARIÑAS CITY, CAVITE SY 2013-2014”
Related Studies
Mass media is a part of the growing technology that can be seen improving as days pass by. Each
of us uses it for different purposes. It may be used for our work, everyday living and for
entertainment. But it also provides space for promotions. Mass media is likely to be a social
media too. Why? Because it helps us communicate to other people. And through
communications, we can recommend to other people the product we use. And that is an example
of promotion.
In addition to that, Patarawadee Sema, (2013, The Research Paper: Does Social Media Affect
Consumer Decision-Making?) said that social media becomes an important communication tool
that people use to connect to other people or organization. People use social media to share their
experiences, reviews, information, advice, warnings, tips and/or any kind of issues that are
interesting to their “connection” or friends.
Every people can access to the mass media and that has proven that any information is accessible
wherever you are and whenever you wanted to. That’s why the marketers take advantage of this
to promote their product and to let the people know that they were there. Not just in advertising
products in the markets, it can also help promoting some cause that needs supports.
Just like what Neha Pansare (2013, Essay on Mass Media) said, Advertising is another by
product of mass media. It helps sell goods and services through commercials and sponsorships.
The media also helps in spreading social awareness. Whether it is anti smoking propaganda or
the empowerment of women, the promotion of a greener environment or the education of the girl
child, media works relentlessly to put across social messages. The media remains unparalleled in
its services as a mode of entertainment.
There have been many studies about the mass media and its effect on the society. The biggest
effect of it that researchers can point out is the mass media effects on marketing, or any
advocacies.
On the other hand, Finlay SJ, Faulkner G., (2005,Physical activity promotion through the mass
media: inception, production, transmission and consumption) said, Overall, recent studies
support mass media interventions in influencing short-term physical activity message recall and
to a lesser extent associated changes in physical activity knowledge. However, the majority of
the papers were found to follow a social marketing or media advocacy theory of media
promotion with little in-depth consideration of the comprehensive media processes involved in
creating media messages and meaning.
Therefore, mass media can be a very useful tool for us. But we must not abuse it and we must
give time for us to do physical activities because it may lessen our activities and may leave us
paralyzed and dependent on it.
Related Literature
Mass media leaves us a big influence in such things. We may not notice it but we are affected.
The influence of mass media on decision-making in buying can be in any services or products.
Quality, brand, advertising or price could affect buyers’ decision-making. According to Forbes &
Vespoli, (2013, Does social media influence consumer buying behavior? An investigation of
recommendations and purchases. Journal of Business & Economics Research,11(2), 107-111.),
The results of this research present that consumers are buying either inexpensive or expensive
items, and are doing so based on recommendations from social media by their contacts or friends
on social media.Marketers could consider that social media does influence buying behavior.
According to the recommendations on purchases, 59% of all respondents were using Facebook
as their social media tool when they received a product recommendation. 37% of all users were
using Twitter.
Mass media can be considered as a part of the social media too, because it helps us to
communicate with other people by using it. In addition to what Forbes and Vespoli
said,Vinerean, Cetina & Tichindelean, (2013, The effects of social media marketing on online
consumer behavior. International Journal of Business & Management, 8(14), 66- 9.
doi:10.5539/ijbm.v8n14p66) conducted another study that shows that social media allows
consumers and prospective consumers to communicate directly to a brand representative. Since
most consumers are using the social media as tool to search and purchase items, brands or
services use this advantage to advertise their products. The online consumer is a booming market
worldwide.
On the other hand, Lehmann, Ruiter & Kok (2013) also conducted a study that examined the
effect of social media on a person's decision-making by sharing health information on news and
social media. The study observed the coverage of influenza vaccination on Dutch news sites and
social media websites. Dutch news sites and social media websites were promoting the
campaigns of influenza vaccine during February, March, and April, 2012. From this study the
results showed that news media and social media give different tones in messages. News media
reports tended to be more objective and non-judgmental, while social media more critical of
behaviors of Internet users and may influence the success of vaccination campaigns and
recommendations made by health authorities. It was concluded that this was the first step in e-
Health announcements.
Moreover, the relationship between social media and consumer decision-making present that
social media affects advertising attitudes, brand attitudes, and purchasing intentions of consumer.
It will not necessarily affect consumer’s decision-making, but might possess a mediating effect.
The good image of brand or product can lead the consumer to make decision on their purchases.
When consumer’s friend on social media shares or recommends services or products on their
social media, it affects brand attitude and influences their decision-making. Yet, advertising on
social media, which is provided by commercial sources affect both consumer brand attitudes and
purchasing intention, said Taining (2012, the decision behavior of Facebook users. Journal of
Computer Information Systems, 52(3), 50-59).
Indeed, social media can build brand attitudes that affect buying behavior. The good image of
brand or product can lead the consumer to make decision on their purchases. When consumer’s
friend on social media shares or recommends services or products on their social media, it affects
brand attitude and influences their decision-making. Yet, advertising on social media, which is
provided by commercial sources affect both consumer brand attitudes and purchasing intention,
said Yang (2012).
From that information, it helps marketers plan their marketing strategies. Many marketers use
social media for marketing campaigns. It is the easy way to communicate with consumers; also it
is inexpensive to advertise their brands or services.
Overall, mass media and social media have a big effect on the decision-making of the
consumers. What could be the possible solutions to this?