Rizalyn A.

Leron BSSW G3 Philo 2

Introduction to Philosophy
 Derived from Greek words “philo” and “sophia” as introduced by Pythagoras.
 Etymologically, Philosophy means love of wisdom.
 Heraclitus, Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas give different definition about Philosophy.
 Philosophy is a science and art: Science because it undergoes imperical studies and Art because
it has literary piece interpreted by emotional features.
 The very essence of Philosophy is to be always in quest for an explanation.

Contemporary Branches of Philosophy

 Theology
- Study of God, also called Religion
 Rational Psychology
- studies man as having body and soul
 Logic
- studies man as having intellect
 Epistemology
- studies study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief
 Ethics/Moral Philosophy
- studies man as having will
 Cosmology
- study of the Universe and its components, how it formed, how its has evolved and what is its
future
 Metaphysics
- study of origins

Philosophical Theories

 Idealism
- everything in the universe is either constructed by human minds
 Naturalism
- all objects and events are capable of being accounted for by the scientific explanation
 Realism
- based on what is real as they are
- sources of knowledge is the physical environment and learning occurs through contact with the
environment
 Materialism
- all things can be achieve because it is reserve for me
 Conceptualism
- application of general term
 Confucianism
- teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity
 Deconstructionism
 - from larger or wider knowledge breaking down into smaller pieces that can be understand
easily
 Empiricism/Sensationalism
- knowledge derives from experience
 Environmentalism
- environment is more important than heredity
 Existentialism
- free and responsible of what they make
 Determinism
- product of one's will
 Formalism
- formal statements have no meaning but that its symbols exhibit a form that has useful
application
 Hereditarianism
– heredity is more important than environment
 Intuitionism
– knowledge is acquire primary by intuition
 Logicism
– all of mathematics can be derives from formal logic
 Mechanism
 – all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological cause
 Nativism
– some ideas are innate
 Neoplatonism
– most distinctive doctrine that holds the first principle and source of reality transcends being
and thought and is naturally unknowable
 Nominalism
- have nothing in common but their names
 Operationalism
- proposition consists of the operations involved in proving or applying it
 Pragmatism
– consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value
 Probabilism
– probability is a sufficient basis to believe an action
 Rationalism
– knowledge is acquire by reason without resort to experience
 Naive Realism
– physical objects continue to exist when not perceived
 Relativism
– all criteria are relative to the individuals and situations involved
 Scholasticism
– Christian civilization from the 9th century until 17th century and combining religious dogma
with the mystical and intuitional tradition

Socrates
 Wealth, fame, and power are not important
 What matters most in life is our moral goodness
 Our psyche is “healthy” when it seeks goodness, truth, justice, and self-knowledge
 A soul in search of wealth, fame, and power becomes weak, sickly, ignorant

Plato
 Plato hated democracy
 Plato’s studies were directed toward the question of virtue & the formation of noble character
 Plato believed that there could be a body of knowledge whose attainment would make it
possible to completely heal political problems

Aristotle
 Major political thinker
 First theorist of democracy
 Democracy not best, but best of worst regimes

Seven Habits of Highly Effective Method

 Be Proactive
- When you are reactive, you blame other people and circumstances for obstacles or problems.
Being proactive means taking responsibility for every aspect of your life
 Begin with the end in Mind
- about setting long-term goals based on "true north" principles that will guide your daily life.
 First things first
- Delegation is an important part of time management
 Think Win/Win
- An attitude whereby mutually beneficial solutions are sought that satisfy the needs of all
parties involved.
 Seek First To Understand
- Effective listening is not simply echoing what the other person has said through the lens of
one's own experience.
- interpersonal relationship
 Synergize
- creative cooperation in terms of finding ways of working in teams, apply effective problem
solving, apply collaborative decision making, value differences, build on divergent strengths,
leverage creative collaboration and embrace and leverage innovation.
 Sharpen the Saw
- Take time out from doing to build the capacity to do what is important through personal
renewal of the physical, mental, social/emotional, and spiritual dimensions.