Introduction of Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Mechanics is the study of fluids at rest (fluid statics) and in motion.
A fluid is defined as a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an
applied shear stress regardless of the magnitude of the applied stress.
Whereas a solid can resist an applied force by static deformation.

Density:
Density is a measure of mass per volume.The average density of an object
equals its total mass divided by its total volume.

An object made from a comparatively dense material (such as iron) will

have less volume than an object of equal mass made from some less
dense substance (such as water).Perhaps the highest density known is
reached in neutron star matter.

Temperature:
Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold. In physics, it is
a defining property of thermodynamic systems that determines thermal
equilibrium. It is measured with a thermometer calibrated in one or more
temperature scales.

From To Fahrenheit To Kelvin

(F – 32) * 5/9 +
Fahrenheit (F) F
273.15

Celsius (C or o) (C * 9/5) + 32 C + 273.15

(K – 273.15) * 9/5 +
Kelvin (K) K
32
Pressure:
Fluid pressure is a measurement of the force per unit area on a
object in the fluid or on the surface of a closed container.
Specific Volume:
In thermodynamics, the specific volume of a substance is the
ratio of the substance's volume to its mass. It is the reciprocal of
density and an intrinsic property of matter as well. Specific
volume is defined as the number of cubic meters occupied by
one kilogram of a particular substance.

Specific Volume,V = volume/mass

Specific Weight:
The specific weight (also known as the unit weight) is the
weight per unit volume of a material. The symbol of specific
weight is γ (the Greek letter Gamma). A commonly used value is
the specific weight of water on Earth at 4°C, which is 9.807 kN/
m3 or 62.43 lbf/ft3.

Specific Gravity:
The formula for specific gravity, given that the reference
substance is water, is the density of the object divided by the
density of the water.

S=specific weight of given fluid/specific weight of standard fluid

Viscosity:
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a
given rate. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness":
for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water.

Fluid Statics:
Fluid statics is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies
incompressible fluids at rest. It encompasses the study of the
conditions under which fluids are at rest in stable equilibrium as
opposed to fluid dynamics, the study of fluids in motion.
1. Forces on Submerged Plane Areas

2. Hydrostatics Pressure on Inclined Surface

Bouyancy and Flotation:

Bouyancy is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of
an immersed object. In a column of fluid, pressure increases with depth as
a result of the weight of the overlying fluid. Thus the pressure at the bottom
of a column of fluid is greater than at the top of the column.