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1. ONE shot;
2. No SPECIAL area of the
body;
3. Testimony of assailant in
relation to the RELATIVE
positions of both;
4. TESTIMONY of witness.
PHYSICIAN’S REPORT
1. Complete DESCRIPTION of the wound
2. LOCATION
a) Part of the body
b) Distance from the mid-line
c) Distance from the heel or buttock
3. DIRECTION and LENGTH of bullet tract
4. ORGANS or TISSUES INVOLVED
5. LOCATION of missile if lodged;
6. DIAGRAM, PHOTOGRAPH, SKETCH or
DRAWING
TO ANSWER IN COURT
1. Could the weapon inflict the wound?
2. What Range?
3. DIRECTION of the fire.
4. Possibility that the wound is self inflicted.
5. Signs of struggle.
6. Resistance after the injury.
7. Died instantaneously.
8. Relative positions of the involved
LENGTH OF TIME FA HAD BEEN FIRED
1. Odor of the gas inside the barrel
2. Chemical changes inside the barrel
3. Evidences that may be deduced from
the wound
CLASSES OF SHOT
• Bird shot- 0.05 to 0.15 “ diameter,
from 200 to 400 shots
• Buckshot- 0.24 to 0.33 “ in diameter,
fewer shots. 12 gauge- 9 shots
• Single projectile- single shot or slug
The character of the wound and the degree of dispersal is influenced by the
muzzle-target distance, gauge of the shotgun, degree of choke and the type of
ammunition.
A close shot produces more serious injuries because the shots are concentrated on
a specific target and because of greater kinetic energy of the pellets.
1. Determination of the distance of the gun muzzle from the victim‟s body when
fired:
* Fine black powder particles of varying sizes may be seen at the region of
the wound entrance,on the dorsum of the hands or at the outer surface of the
wearing apparel of the victim.
* not conclusive
2. Microscopic Examination
1. Harrison and Gilroy Test – cloth is treated with reagents to detect the
presence of a primer component
- reagent sodium rhodinate yields red if lead and
and barium are present
- blue- violet will appear when an additional of
1.5 hydrochloric acid is added to the red area if
lead is present
- bright pink if barium is present
2. Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) –sample is obtained from the hands by the
use of paraffin or by washing the hand with dilute
- exposed to a radiaton from a nuclear reactor that
emits neutrons.
- technique is extremely sensitive and a very small amount
can be detected
- very expensive and is unable to detect if there is lead
-test requires access to a nuclear reactor
The following factors must be utilized in the identification of the firearm used in the
commission of crime:
2. Fingerprints – may be found in the butt of the firearm or at the trigger and
its guard
- fingerprints found may distinguish homicidal or suicidal
nature of death
3) Terminal Ballistics – effect of the bullet on the target or until it comes to rest
1) The quality of metal in the manufacture of the firearm is very much harder and
resistant to deformity as compared with the quality of metal used in the manufacture
of the cartridge, so that in the process of contact between the part of the gun
involved and the cartridge , the surfaces condition of the part of the gun can easily
be impressed on the shell or bullet.
2) For reasons known only to the manufacturer, firearms have certain physical
characteristics of certain type of caliber which differentiate it from others. This
includes the number of lands and grooves, the direction of the twist, width of the
individual land or groove, style of the cannelure, etc., which become the basis of
class characteristics in the firearm identification.