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Instructional Material Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples

REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Reinforced Concrete - 1

Special Moment Frames

• General detailing requirements


• Beams
• Joints
• Columns
• Example problem

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7 - Reinforced Concrete 1
Instructional Material Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples

Frame Mechanisms
“strong column – weak beam”

Story mechanism Sway mechanism

Reinforced Concrete - 3

Required Column Strength

 Mnc  1.2 Mnb


M nc1

M nb1 M nb2

M nc2

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7 - Reinforced Concrete 2
Instructional Material Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples

Hinge Development

• Tightly Spaced Hoops


– Provide confinement to increase concrete strength
and usable compressive strain
– Provide lateral support to compression bars to
prevent buckling
– Act as shear reinforcement and preclude shear
failures
– Control splitting cracks from high bar bond stresses

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Hinge Development

Before
spalling

After
spalling

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Instructional Material Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples

Hinge Development

Bidirectional cracking

Spalled cover

Reinforced Concrete - 7

ACI 318, Overview of SMF:


Beam Longitudinal Reinforcement

200    0.025
fy
At least 2 bars continuous
top & bottom

Joint face Mn+ not less than 50% Mn-


Min. Mn+ or Mn- not less than
25% max. Mn at joint face

Splice away from hinges and


enclose within hoops or spirals

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Instructional Material Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples

ACI 318, Overview of SMF:


Beam Transverse Reinforcement
Closed hoops at hinging regions
with “seismic” hook

135º hook, 6dh  3” extension

Maximum spacing of hoops:


d/4 6db 6”

Longitudinal bars on perimeter


tied as if column bars
2h
min Stirrups elsewhere, s  d/2

Reinforced Concrete - 9

ACI 318, Overview of SMF:


Beam Shear Strength
1.2D + 1.0L + 0.2S
Mpr1 Mpr2
Mpr  Mn with

n fs  1.25 fy ,   1.0
Ve1 Ve2

Mpr1  Mpr 2 w u n
Ve    Ve by analysis
n 2

If earthquake-induced > 1 V
shear force 2 e
then Vc = 0
A gfc'
and Pu <
20
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7 - Reinforced Concrete 5
Instructional Material Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples

ACI 318, Overview of SMF:


Beam-Column Joint

Vcol
Vj  T  C  Vcol
T C

T  1.25 fy A s, top
Vj

C  1.25 fy A s, bottom

Reinforced Concrete - 11

ACI 318, Overview of SMF: Beam-column Joint

20 
 
Vn  15  f 'c A j
12 
 
• Vn often controls size of columns
• Coefficient depends on joint confinement
• To reduce shear demand, increase beam depth
• Keep column stronger than beam

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Instructional Material Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples

ACI 318, Overview of SMF:


Column Longitudinal Reinforcement

M nc1

0.01    0.06
M nb1 M nb2
 Mnc  1.2 Mnb
(strong column-weak beam)
M nc2

Mnc based on factored axial force,


consistent with direction of lateral forces

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ACI 318, Overview of SMF: Column Transverse


Reinforcement at Potential Hinging Region

nl: number of longitudinal


bars that are laterally
supported by the corner of
hoops or by seismic hooks

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Instructional Material Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples

ACI 318, Overview of SMF: Column Transverse


Reinforcement at Potential Hinging Region

hx hx

 14  h x 
so  4   
 3 
Spacing shall not exceed the smallest of:
b/4 or 6 db or so (4” to 6”)
Distance between longitudinal bas supported by hoops or cross ties, hx  14”

Reinforced Concrete - 15

ACI 318, Overview of SMF:


Potential Hinge Region
• For columns supporting stiff members such as
walls, hoops are required over full height of column
if
f 'c A g
Pe >
10
• For shear strength- same rules as beams (concrete
shear strength is neglected if axial load is low and
earthquake shear is high)
• Lap splices are not allowed in potential plastic
hinge regions

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Instructional Material Complementing FEMA P-751, Design Examples

Splice in Hinge
Region

Terminating
bars

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ACI 318, Overview of SMF:


Potential Hinge Region

 d 
 
 
 clear height 
o   6 
 
 18" 
 
 

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