Rey Niño A.

Garcia

Jasmine Cleo Fernandez

Jelovem Sarco

Elements

1. Fuel is material such as coal, gas, or oil that is burned to produce heat or power.
2. Combustion is the rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production
of heat and light.
3. Coal is the most used solid fuel for generating steam.
4. Fuel oil is the most common type of liquid fuel.
5. Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane.
6. Natural Gas is the most common example of gas fuel.
7. Crude oil contains mainly carbon and hydrogen.
8. Chemical cracking is defined as decomposition under high temperature and pressure.
9. Crude oil distillation process is the process of heating crude oil and passing the vapor through a
vessel to separate out different compounds, known as fractions.
10. Density is defined as the mass per unit volume
11. Hydrometer is used to determine density, specific gravity or ᵒAPI.
12. API means American Petroleum Institute.
13. Viscosity is defined as the Fluid’s resistance to flow.
14. Stokes or Centistokes is common unit for kinematic viscosity in CGS system.
15. Poise or Centipoise is common unit for viscosity in CGS system.
16. Kinematic Viscosity is absolute viscosity over density.
17. Saybolt Viscometer can be used to determine kinematic viscosity.
18. Carbonizing the fuel in a covered dish and weighing the dry remainder is called residue test.
19. Flash Point is the temperature at which ignition of the fuel vapors rising above the heated oil will
occur when exposed to open flame.
20. Cetane number is a measure of the ignition properties of diesel relative to cetane as standard.
21. Air and Fuel is premixed in a gasoline engine going into combustion chamber.
22. Pour Point is the minimum temperature which the fuel will no longer pour freely
23. Ash is the incombustible content of fuel.
24. Sulfur my produce corrosion and deposits in the engine.
25. Lignite coal has the least heating value of all types of coal
26. Anthracite coal has the highest heating value of all types of coal.
27. The sulfur content of coal varies from as low as 0.5% to 5%.
28. The proximate analysis is a separation of coal into moisture, volatile material, fixed carbon, and ash.
29. Grindability index is a measure of the relative ease or difficulty of pulverizing different kinds of coal.
30. Hardgrove grindability index with values 50-60 are for good bituminous coal.
31. Lower grindability index means more difficult to grind.
32. Corrosive characteristics are dependent on sulfur content.
33. Fuel oil’s heating value can be estimated using hydrometer readings.
34. The heating value of coal is obtained by the oxygen bomb calorimeter.
35. Proximate analysis is made by heating the coal until it decomposes successively into three of the
four complex items of the proximate analysis.
36. When sample is subjected to a temperature about 104.4 degree Celsius for an hour, the loss of its
weight indicates the moisture content.
37. When sample is subjected to a temperature about 955 degree Celsius for exactly 7 minutes (with
crucible being covered), the loss of its weight indicates the moisture and volatile matter.
38. When sample is subjected to a temperature about 760 degree Celsius until its constant weight is
reached, and only ash remains in the crucible, ash content is now known.
39. The combustible content of the refuse is generally assumed to have been carbon.
40. For complete combustion, excess air must be supplied beyond the amount theoretically required to
oxidize the fuel.
41. Incomplete combustion occurs when a fuel element is not completely oxidized in the combustion
process.
42. Moisture has no fuel value.
43. Moisture is responsible for the loss of heat energy during its evaporation and escape with the
products of combustion.
44. Ash is the incombustible content of fuel.
45. Methane has 4 hydrogen and 1 carbon element or CH4.
46. Coal is known to be a “dirty” fuel.
47. The lowest temperature at which coal can be ignited is referred to as the ignition temperature.
48. Carbonizing the fuel in a covered dish and weighing the dry remainder is called residue test.
49. Distillates have very little carbon residue.
50. Residual fuels have more carbon residue than distillates.