GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT WORK IN BUSINESS STUDIES CLASS 12

I. Project One: Elements of Business Environment

The teachers should help the students in selecting any one element of the following:
1Changes witnessed over the last few years on mode of packaging and its economic impact.
The teacher may guide the students to identify the following changes:
a) The changes in transportation of fruits and vegetables such as cardboard crates being used in
place of wooden crates, etc. Reasons for above changes.
b) Milk being supplied in glass bottles, later in plastic bags and now in tetrapack and through
vending machines.
c) Plastic furniture [doors and stools] gaining preference over wooden furniture.
d) The origin of cardboard and the various stages of changes and growth.
e) Brown paper bags packing to recycled paper bags to plastic bags and cloth bags.
f) Re use of packaging [bottles, jars and tins] to attract customers for their products.
g) The concept of pyramid packaging for milk.
h) Cost being borne by the consumer/manufacturer.
i) Packaging used as means of advertisements.

2. The reasons behind changes in the following:

Coca – Cola and Fanta in the seventies to Thums up and Campa Cola in the eighties to Pepsi and
Coke in nineties. The teacher may guide the students to the times when India sold Coca Cola and
Fanta were being manufactured in India by the foreign companies.
The students may be asked to enquire about
a. Reasons of stopping the manufacturing of the above mentioned drinks in India THEN.
b. The introduction of Thums up and Campa cola range.
c. Re entry of Coke and introduction of Pepsi in the Indian market.
d. Factors responsible for the change.
e. Other linkages with the above.
f. Leading brands and the company having the highest market share.
g. Different local brands venturing in the Indian market.
h. The rating of the above brands in the market.
i. The survival and reasons of failure in competition with the international brands.
j. Other observations made by the students
The teacher may develop the following on the above lines

3. Changing role of the women in the past 25 years relating to joint families, nuclear families,
women as a bread earner of the family, changes in the requirement trend of mixers, washing
machines, micro wave and standard of living.
4. The changes in the pattern of import and export of different Products.
5. The trend in the changing interest rates and their effect on savings.
6. A study on child labour laws, its implementation and consequences.
7. The state of ‘anti plastic campaign,’ the law, its effects and implementation.
8. The laws of mining /setting up of industries, rules and regulations, licences required for
running that business.
9. Social factors affecting acceptance and rejection of an identified product. (Dish washer, Atta
maker, etc)
10. What has the effect been on the types of goods and services? The students can take examples
like:
a. Washing machines, micro waves, mixers and grinder.
b. Need for crèche, day care centre for young and old.
c. Ready to eat food, eating food outside, and tiffin centres.
11. Change in the man-machine ratio with technological advances resulting in change of cost
structure.
12. Effect of changes in technological environment on the behaviour of employee.

II. Project Two: Principles of Management

The students are required to visit any one of the following:

1. A departmental store.
2. An Industrial unit.
3. A fast food outlet.
4. Any other organisation approved by the teacher.
They are required to observe the application of the general Principles of management advocated
by Fayol.
Fayol’s principles
1. Division of work. 2. Unity of command. 3. Unity of direction. 4. Scalar chain 5. Espirit de
corpse 6. Fair remuneration to all. 7. Order. 8. Equity. 9. Discipline 10. Subordination of
individual interest to general interest. 11. Initiative. 12. Centralisation and decentralisation. 13.
Stability of tenure.
OR
They may enquire into the application of scientific management techniques by F.W. Taylor in
the unit visited.
Scientific techniques of management.
1. Functional foremanship. 2. Standardisation and simplification of work. 3. Method study. 4.
Motion Study. 5. Time Study. 6. Fatigue Study 7. Differential piece rate plan.
Tips to teacher
i. The teacher may organize this visit.
ii. The teacher should facilitate the students to identify any unit of their choice and guide them to
identify the principles that are being followed.
iii. Similarly they should guide the students to identify the techniques of scientific management
implemented in the organisation.
iv. It may be done as a group activity.
v. The observations could be on the basis of
• The different stages of division of work resulting to specialisation.
• Following instructions and accountability of subordinates to higher authorities.
• Visibility of order and equity in the unit.
• Balance of authority and responsibility.
• Communication levels and pattern in the organisation.
• Methods and techniques followed by the organisation for unity of direction and coordination
amongst all.
• Methods of wage payments followed.
• The arrangements of fatigue study.
• Derivation of time study.
• Derivation and advantages of method study.
• Organisational chart of functional foremanship.
• Any other identified in the organisation
vi. It is advised that students should be motivated to pick up different areas of visit. As
presentations of different areas in the class would help in better understanding to the other
students.
vii. The students may be encouraged to develop worksheets. Teachers should help students to
prepare observation tools to be used for undertaking the project.
Examples; worksheets, questionnaire, interviews and organisational chart etc.

III. Project Three: Stock Exchange

The purpose of this project is to teach school students the values to investing and use the stock
market. This project also teaches important lessons about the economy, mathematics and
financial responsibility. The basis of this project is to learn about the stock market while
investing a specified amount of fake money in certain stocks. Students then study the results and
buy and sell as they see fit. This project will also guide the students and provide them with the
supplies necessary to successfully monitor stock market trends and will teach students how to
calculate profit and loss on stock.
The project work will enable the students to:
• understand the topics like sources of business finance and capital market
• understand the concepts used in stock exchange
• inculcate the habit of watching business channels, reading business journals/newspapers and
seeking information from their elders.
The students are expected to:
a) Develop a brief report on History of Stock Exchanges in India. (your country)
b) Prepare a list of at least 25 companies listed on a Stock Exchange.
c) To make an imaginary portfolio totalling a sum of Rs. 50,000 equally in any of the 5
companies of their choice listed above.
The students may be required to report the prices of the stocks on daily basis and present it
diagrammatically on the graph paper.
• They will understand the weekly holidays and the holidays under the Negotiable Instruments
Act. They will also come across with terms like closing prices, opening prices, etc.
• During this period of recording students are supposed to distinctively record the daily and
starting and closing proves of the week other days under the negotiable instrument act so that
they acquire knowledge about closing and opening prices.
• The students may conclude by identifying the causes in the fluctuations of prices. Normally it
would be related to the front page news of the a business journal, for example,
• Change of seasons.
• Festivals.
• Spread of epidemic.
• Strikes and accidents
• Natural and human disasters.
• Political environment.
• Lack in faith in the government policies.
• Impact of changes in government policies for specific industry.
• International events.
• Contract and treaties at the international scene.
• Relations with the neighbouring countries.
• Crisis in developed countries, etc.
The students are expected to find the value of their investments and accordingly rearrange
their portfolio. The project work should cover the following aspects;
1. Graphical presentation of the share prices of different companies on different dates.
2. Change in market value of shares due to change of seasons, festivals, natural and human
disasters.
3. Change in market value of shares due to change in political environment/ policies of various
countries/crisis in developed countries or any other reasons
4. Identify the top ten companies out of the 25 selected on the basis of their market value of
shares.
It does not matter if they have made profits or losses.

IV. Project Four: Marketing

1. Toothpaste 2. Noodles 3. Shampoo 4. Bathing soap 5. Washing detergent

6. Washing powder 7. Lipstick 8. Moisturiser 9. Shoe polish 10. Pen 11. Shoes 12. Hair
dye 13. Mobile 14. Chocolate 15. Sauces/ketchup 16. Ready soups 17. Body spray 18. Fairness
cream 19. Hair oil 20. Roasted Snacks 21. Jeans 22. Pickles 23. Squashes 24. Jams 25. Salt 26.
Bread 27. Butter 28. Shaving cream 29. Razor 30. Cheese spreads 31. e –Wash 32. Tiffin wallah
33. Air Conditioners 34. Infant dress 35. Sunglasses 36. Fans 37. Fruit candy 37. Washing
powder 39. Bathroom cleaner 40. Wipes 41. Shoe polish 42. Blanket 43. Baby Diapers 44. Hair
dye 45. Adhesives 46. Refrigerator 47. Ladies footwear 48. Ready soups 49. RO system 50.
Fairness cream 51. Mixers 52. Roasted Snacks 53. Learning Toys 54. Pickles 55. Squashes 56.
Jams 57. Salt 58. Bread 59. Butter 60. Shaving cream
61. Razor 62. Cheese spreads 63. Microwave oven 64. Music player 65. Pencil 66. Eraser 67.
Water bottle 68. Wallet 69. Furniture 70. Crayons 71. Newspaper 72. Jewellery 73. Nail polish
74. Water storage tank 75. Pen drive 76. Ladies bag 77. DTH 78. Sarees 79. Car 80. Cycle 81.
Kurti 82. Bike 83. Cosmetology product 84. Crockery 85. Cutlery 86. Camera 87. Breakfast
cereal 88. Invertor 89. Suitcase/airbag 90. Washing machine 91. Coffee 92. Tea
Any more as suggested by the teacher.
The teacher must ensure that the identified product should not be items whose consumption/use
is discouraged by the society and government like alcohol products/pan masala and tobacco
products, etc. Identify one product/service from the above which the students may like to
manufacture/provide [pre assumption].
Now the students are required to make a project on the identified product/service keeping in
mind the following.
1. Why have they selected this product/service?
2. Find out ‘5’ competitive brands that exist in the market.
3. What permission and licences would be required to make the product?
4. What are your competitors Unique Selling Proposition.[U.S.P.]?
5. Does your product have any range give details?
6. What is the name of your product?
7. Enlist its features.
8. Draw the ‘Label’ of your product.
9. Draw a logo for your product.
10. Draft a tag line.
11. What is the selling price of your competitor’s product?
(i) Selling price to consumer (ii) Selling price to retailer(iii) Selling price to wholesaler
What is the profit margin in percentage to the
• Manufacturer.
• Wholesaler.
• Retailer.
12. How will your product be packed?
13. Which channel of distribution are you going to use? Give reasons for selection?
14. Decisions related ot warehousing, state reasons.
15. What is going to be your selling price?
(i) To consumer
(ii) To retailer
(iii) To wholesaler
16. List 5 ways of promoting your product.
17. Any schemes for
(i) The wholesaler
(ii) The retailer
(iii) The consumer
18. What is going to be your ‘U.S.P?
19. What means of transport you will use and why?
20. Draft a social message for your label.
21. What cost effective techniques will you follow for your product.
22. What cost effective techniques will you follow for your promotion plan.
At this stage the students will realise the importance of the concept of marketing mix and
the necessarydecision regarding the four P’s of marketing.
• Product
• Place
• Price
• Promotion
On the basis of the work done by the students the project report should include the
following:
1. Type of product /service identified and the (consumer/industries) process involve there in.
2. Brand name and the product.
3. Range of the product.
4. Identification mark or logo.
5. Tagline.
6. Labeling and packaging.
7. Price of the product and basis of price fixation.
8. Selected channels of distribution and reasons thereof.
9. Decisions related to transportation and warehousing. State reasons.
10. Promotional techniques used and starting reasons for deciding the particular technique.
11. Grading and standardization.
Presentation and Submission of Project Report
At the end of the stipulated term, each student will prepare and submit his/her project report.
Following essentials are required to be fulfilled for its preparation and submission.
1. The total length of the project will be of 25 to 30 pages.
2. The project should be handwritten.
3. The project should be presented in a neat folder.
4. The project report should be developed in the following sequence-
• Cover page should include the title of the Project, student information, school and year.
• List of contents.
• Acknowledgements and preface (acknowledging the institution, the places visited and the
persons who have helped).
• Introduction.
• Topic with suitable heading.
• Planning and activities done during the project, if any.
• Observations and findings of the visit.
• Conclusions (summarized suggestions or findings, future scope of study).
• Photographs (if any).
• Appendix
• Teacher’s observation.
• Signatures of the teachers.
• At the completion of the evaluation of the project, it should be punched in the centre so that the
report may not be reused but is available for reference only.
• The projects will be returned after evaluation. The school may keep the best projects.

ASSESSMENT
Allocation of Marks = 10 (for each project)
The marks will be allocated under the following heads:
1. Initiative, cooperativeness and participation 1 Mark
2. Creativity in presentation 1 Mark
3. Content, observation and research work 2 Mark
4. Analysis of situations 2 Mark
5. Viva 4 Mark
Total 10 Marks
 BUSINESS STUDIES CLASS XII

CHAPTER-11 MARKETING

Level -1
1. Which philosophy of marketing suggests that the organization earn profit through volume of
production?
2. Which philosophy of marketing gives greater importance to ‘Consumer Welfare’ instead of
consumer satisfaction?
3. A tube of shaving cream is often sold in a cardboard box. Name the type of package used in this
case?
4. A leading leather manufacturer is using banned animal skin in its products to make huge profit.
Name the marketing concept which is ignored here.
5. Zoom Udyog, a car company started its business with zoom 800 and slowly launched Zoom
1000, wagon –Z, Swf-fy etc. and offered various services like after sale service, making available
spareparts, etc. identify the elements of marketing mix referred here.
6. Beauty producs ltd is a natural and ethical beauty brand, famous for offering organic beauty
products for men and women. The company uses plant based materials for its products and is
the no:1 beauty brand in the country. It not only satisfies its customers but also believes in
overall protection on the planet. Identify the marketing philosophy being followed by the
company.
Level -2
7. ‘Hayaram’ is a famous chain store selling a large variety of products in the Indian market. Their
products include chips, biscuits, sweets and squashes. It charges a comparatively higher price
than its competitors as it sells quality products. Besides, it offers regular discounts to its
customers and easy credit terms to its retailers. It has five of its own retail shops. It also sells its
products through various grocery stores so that the products are made available to customers at
right place, in the right quantity and at right time. It regularly uses different communication
tools to increase its sales. The above para describes the combination of variables used by
Hayaram to prepare its market offering. Identify and explain the variables.
8. Identify and explain the promotional tool of marketing-mix which plays a persuasive, service
and informative role and thereby links a business firm to its customers. Also explain by giving
any 4 reasons how this tool helps in increasing sales of business firms.
9. Ashima purchased a bottle of tomato sauce from a local grocery shop. The information provided
on the bottle was not clear. She fell sick on consuming it. She filed a case in the District Forum
under consumer protection act and got the relief.
(a) Identify the important aspect neglected by the marketer in the above case.
(b) Explain briefly the functions of the aspect identified in (a) above.
 Level-3
10. Radhika was a student of business studies of class XII. Her father was farmer who grew
different varieties of rice and was well versed about various aspects of rice cultivation.
He was also selected by the government for a pilot- project on rice cultivation. As a
project work in Business Studies she decided to study the feasibility of marketing good
quality rice at a reasonable price, her father suggested her to use internet to gather
customers view and opinions. She found that there was a huge demand for packaged
organic rice, she knew that there were no pre-determined specifications in case of rice
because of which it would be difficult to achieve uniformity in the output. To
differentiate the product from its competitors, she gave it the name of ‘Malabari Organic
Rice’ and classified in to three different varieties namely- Popular, Classic and Supreme,
based on the quality. She felt that these names would help her in product differentiation.

Explain the three functions of marketing, with reference to the above paragraph

11. A company was marketing ‘water purifiers’ which were very popular due to their quality
and after sale services provided to the customers. The company was a leading company
in the market and earning huge profits. Because of huge profits the company ignored the
after sale services. As a result its relation with the customers got spoiled and the image of
the company was damaged in the public. Top management became concerned when the
profits for current quarter fell steeply. On analysis, it was revealed that ignoring the after
sales services was its reason. Therefore the company took all possible measures to protect
and promote its favorable image in the eyes of the public. As a result the goodwill of the
company improved in the society
(a) Name and state the communication tool used by the above case to improve its
image
(b) Also explain role of the tool as identified in part (a)
12. .It is one of the elements of market mix which contains one of the most important
decisions that a marketer has to take to promote sales. This decision was taken by
Mr.Mukund, Marketing manager of Intel Ltd. which facilitated the customers in product
identification and hence ensured quality. It also built up their confidence and help in
increasing their level of satisfaction. Apart from this, they provide educational
scholarships for poor children in the society.Identify the element of marketing mix. Name
any two values being emphasised by ensuring quality products for customers and by
running an orphanage home.
Respect Humanity Social responsibility
13. Mr. David, working as Sales executive in Mahalaxmi Ltd. possesses good
marketingtechniques. His techniques involve oral presentation of message in the form
of conversation with prospective customers for the purpose of making sales. Name the
promotional tool used by Mr. David.Identify the values which can be inculcated by using
the technique in the above case.
Confidence,Customer Relations, Creating goodwill
14. Gupta & Co. is manufacturing cosmetics. They decide to launch a new range of
herbal products. As they are in a hurry, they have tested the products on rats only.
Thenecessary information is missing on the package. The management also plans
tolaunch a new factory in a tribal area where the required products are easily availableand
the labour-men, women and children are available for work at low wages in theabsence
of development opportunities and schools.
(i)Which values do you find disturbing in the above para?
(ii) Will the decision to install a new unit in a tribal area help society? Highlight he social
values involved in his decision.
(i) Cruelty towards animals and no respect for law (Child labour)(ii) Balanced regional
development: By launching a new Factory in the tribal area.
(iii)Social responsibility
(iv) Women empowerment

15. ABC Ltd. manufactures computer appliances. They massively advertise about
their products with incomplete & wrong information. More or less their products are not
of superior quality. They charge higher prices for their products.State the objections
to above advertising.(i) Name the values which are not followed by ABC Ltd.
Honesty by charging higher prices for inferior quality. Responsibility -- should provide
complete information about the products
 BUSINESS STUDIES CLASS XII

CHAPTER-10 FINANCIAL MARKET

Level -1

1. Prem Kumar got a chance to buy equity shares in the ratio of 1:1 from XYZ company. What is
this type of issue called?
2. Reshu’s father has gifted her shares of a large cement company, with which she had been
working. The securities were in physical form. She already has a bank account and does not
possess any other form of securities. She wishes to sell the shares and approached a registered
broker for the purpose. Mention one mandatory detail which she will have to provide with the
broker?

Level -2

3. The directors of a company want to modernize its plants and machinery by raising capital
through making a public issue of shares. They wish to approach stock exchange , while the
finance manager prefers to approach a consultant for new public issue of shares.
Advise the directors whether to approach stock exchange or a consultant for new public
issue of shares and why? Also advise about the different methods which company may adopt for
new public issue of shares.
4. Supriya’s grandmother who was unwell, called her and gave her a gift packet. Supriya opened
the packet and saw many crumpled share certificates inside. Her grandmother told her that they
had been left behind by her late grand father.
As no trading is now done in physical form, Supriya wants to know the process by adopt
which she would be in a position to deal in these share certificates.
(a) Identify and state the process
(b) Also give two reasons to Supriya why dealing in shares in physical form had been
stopped
5. Saqib ltd is a large credit worthy company operating in the Kashmir valley. It is an export
oriented unit, dealing in exclusive embroidered shawls. The floods in the valley have created
many problems for the company. Many craftmen and workers have been dislocated and raw
material has been destroyed. The firm is therefore, unable to get an uninterrupted supply of raw
material and the duration of production cycle has also increased. To add to the problems of the
organization, the suppliers of raw materials who were earlier selling on credit are asking the
company, for advance payment or cash payment on delivery. The company is facing liquidity
 crisis. The CEO of the company feels that taking a bank loan is the only option with the company
to meet its short term shortage of cash.
As a finance manager of the company, name and explain the alternative to bank
borrowing that a company can use to resolve the crisis.
6. “Ganesh Steel Ltd” is a large and creditworthy company manufacturing steel for the Indian
market. It now wants to cater to the Asian market and decides to invest in new hi-tech
machines. Since the investment is large, it requires long term finance. It decides to raise funds
by issuing equity shares. The issue of equity shares involves huge floatation cost. To meet the
expenses of floatation cost, the company decides to tap the money market.
(a) Name and explain the money market instruments the company can use for the
above purpose.
(b) What is the duration for which the company can get funds through this instrument?
(c) State any other purpose for which this instrument can be used.
7. Mr Sanjay Nehra was the Chairman of “Taran Bank”. The bank was earning good profits. Share
holders were happy as the bank was paying regular dividends. The market price of their share
was also steadily rising. The bank was about to announce taking over of “Vena Bank”. Mr Sanjay
Nehra knew that the share price of “Taran Bank” would rise on this announcement. Being a part
of the bank, he was not allowed to buy shares of the bank. He called one of his rich friends,
Sudhir and asked him to invest Rs 5 crores in shares of his bank promising him the capital gains.

As expected the share prices went up by 40% and the market price of Sudhir’s shares
was now Rs 7 Crore. He earned a profit of Rs 2 crores. He gave Rs 1 crore to Mr Sanjay Nehra
and kept Rs 1 crore with himself. On regular inspection and by conducting enquiries of the
brokers involved, the Securities and Exchange board on India (SEBI) was able to detect this
irregularity. The SEBI imposed a heavy penalty on Mr Sanjay Nehra.

8. By quoting the lies from the above para, identify and state any two functions that were
performed by SEBI in the above case.
9. R’ Limited is a real estate company which was formed in 1950. In about 56 years of its existence
the company has managed to carve out a niche for itself in this sector. Lately, this sector is
witnessing a boom due to the fact that the Indian economy is on the rise. The incomes of middle
class are rising. More people can afford to buy homes for themselves due to easy availability of
loans and accompanying tax concessions. To expand its business in India and abroad the
company is weighing various options to raise money through equity offerings in India. Whether
to tap equity or debt market, whether to raise money from domestic market or international
market or Combination of both?, whether to raise the necessary finance from money market or
capital market. It is also planning to list itself in New York Stock Exchange to raise money
through ADR’s. To make its offerings attractive it is planning to offer host of financial plans
products to its stakeholders and investors and also expand it’s listing at NSE after complying
with the regulations of SEBI.
(i) What are the regulations of SEBI that the company must comply with?
(ii) How does the SEBI exercise control over ‘R’ Limited in the interest of investors?
 LEVEL 3
10. A company wants to expand and raise funds by issuing shares to select individuals known to
them closely and not going in for public issue. (1)i) Name the method of floating in the above
case?ii) What values must be kept in mind in the above issue?
Ans: Fair, transparent, honesty.
What values do you think is needed for a broker who operates the financial transactions for his
clients?
Sincerity, Faithful , Trust and Empathy
11. Mr. X one of the directors of XYZ Ltd knew that bonus shares were to be announced in thenext
meeting and he expected the price to rise. He bought 10,000 shares. By the end of fewweeks
the price increased by Rs.9 He sold his shares and a made huge profit. (3 Name the Act of Mr.? Is
it permitted?ii) What value is lacking in him?
He lacks integrity, honesty, trust
12. A Stock exchange is an institution which provides a platform for buying and selling of existing
securities. As a market, the stock exchange facilitates conversion of a security into money
and vice versa. Stock exchanges help companies to raise finance, provide liquidity and safety of
investment to the investors, pricing of securities etc. (3)i) State two more functions of Stock
exchange. ii) Name the values which stock exchange strives to fulfill through its functions.
Safety, transperancy, fairness.
 BUSINESS STUDIES CLASS XII

CHAPTER-12 CONSUMER PROTECTION

Level -1
1. Mr Mukesh purchased a house for Rs 30 lakhs from a housing company and found it being
defective. Despite many complaints, the defect was not rectified. Suggest him the appropriate
authority to file his complaint.
2. Sindu went to a shopkeeper to buy soap. The shopkeeper forced him to buy a particular brand
of soap out of various available brands, irrespective of the willingness of Sindu. Which right of
Sindu , as a customer, has been exploited?
3. Aamir, a consumer purchased medicines without noticing the date of expiry. He also did not
obtain the cash memo. Do you think he will be able to protect himself against the loss caused
due to expired medicine? Give reason in support of your answer?
4. Which consumer right gives the business firms freedom to set up their own consumer
service and grievance cells?
5. A shopkeeper sold you some spices, claiming that they were pure. Later a laboratory test
formed that those were adulterated what precautions should you have taken before buying
and what remedies are available to you for the wrong act?
6. “Bhuvan, who was a vegetarian went to a snack bar for having French fries and later
found out that it had non vegetarian content. Neither the advertisement nor the packing of
the product displaced that the product has non vegetarian content. Will Bhuvan be able to
claim compensation which right of the consumer is violated”?
7. Sandeep purchased a diesel car for Rs. 7 lacs from an automobile company and found its
engine defective. Despite many complaints the defect was not rectified .Suggest to him
the appropriate authority where he could file a complaint under consumer protection Act.
8. Prakhar purchased an ISI Mark electric iron from Bharat Electricals. Since it was not
working properly , so he approached seller. Seller satisfies Prakhar by saying that he will
ask manufacture to replace iron. Manufacturer refuse to replace and Bharat Electricals
decided to file complaint in consumer court. Can Bharat Electricals do this? Why or why
not?
9. Rajiv, a consumer purchased medicines without noticing the date of expiry. He also did
not obtain the cash memo. Do you think he will be able to protect himself by the loss
caused due to expired medicine? Give reasons to support your answer.
LEVEL 2
10. Under the Consumer Protection Act, every consumer has a right to be protectedagainst
goods and services which are hazardous to life and health. Alpha Ltd.manufactures and
sells substandard refrigerators. As these appliances did not confirm to the safety norms
and a mark assuring quality specification was missing. Cases were noticed where these
substandard refrigerators had caused serious injury to many consumers. Suggest any two
 precautions to be taken by the consumer while purchasing there frigerator. Which values
do you find disturbing in the above paragraph?
Social responsibility: Goods which are hazardous should not to be provided to the
consumers. Honesty By not providing the complete information about the product to the
consumers. Safety

11. The owner of a restaurant is charging Rs.40 for a bottle of juice from a customer whereas
the maximum retail price of the bottle of juice is Rs.17. One of the consumers (a member
of NGO) has objected to this but the owner continues to do this malpractice.(i) Identify
any two social values that the traders must follow?
Honesty-The manufacturer should be honest in all his dealings. Respect towards
consumers
By providing all information about the product which the consumer intends to buy
including its ingredients, date of manufacture, expiry, price, quantity etc. Integrity

12. Harsha purchased some grocery items from a general store. After reaching home she
found a talcum powder in her bag which was not billed for. She checked the date
of expiry and other details and after satisfying herself she started using it. Immediately
she developed some skin problems.(i) What are the values to be conveyed to the society
from the above and how?
Honesty-The value may be conveyed to the society from the above case in two ways -She
should have returned the talcum powder to the shopkeeper. She would have paid the
cost of the product to the shopkeeper.
13. A consumer has the freedom to choose from a variety of products
at competitive prices. The marketers should offer a wide variety of products in terms of
quality, brand, price, size etc. Ramya (a class X student) was in need of a geometry
box. She went to the nearest shop and the shopkeeper showed her a variety of geometry
boxes at different prices. She selected a box and paid Rs.300, the maximum retail price
of the box, and took the cash memo for the same. Name the consumer right exercised
by Ramya. Name the values which are emphasized in the above case.
Respect towards the consumers by providing a wide variety of brands. Honesty,
Loyalty, Sincerity
14. Prakash purchased an ISI Mark electric induction stove from‘Rama electricals While
using he found that it was not working properly. He approached the seller and
complained for the same. The seller satisfies Prakash by saying that he will ask the
manufacturer to replace this induction stove. Name the consumer right Prakash exercised
in the above situation. Name the value which is followed in the above case.
Honesty, Respect, .Loyalty, Faithfulness, Trust.