1. Average speed – v, vaverage 28. High resistance – less current
2. Turning effect – Torque (N.m) 29. Low resistance – More current (e.g. connecting 3. Momentum – kg m/s wires) 4. Speed and Velocity – m/s 30. Thermistors – Resistance decreases with 5. Acceleration – m/s2 increasing temperature. 6. Force – Newton (N) 31. Rubbing action – seperates charges 7. Gravitational field strength – N/kg 32. Angle – degree () 8. S – distance travelled in speed (v) 33. Frequency – Hertz (Hz) 9. 1 minute – 60 seconds 34. Length – metre (m) 10. 1 hour – 60 60 (To convert m/s to 35. EM spectrum Mnemonic: m/h) then divide by 1000 to convert In order of increasing frequency or decreasing m/h to km/h as 1 km = 1000 m) wavelength: 11. To convert m/s to km/h, simply multiply by 3.6. → Rahul’s Mother Is Visiting Uncle Xavier’s Garden 12. Slope or gradient – Tells us the speed of the object. In order of increasing wavelength (): 13. Always show your working by putting the values into the → Granddad Xavier Unfortunately Vomited In My equation. Room 14. Area of a triangle – ½ bh 36. Red light – Longest wavelength and lowest 15. Word ‘normal’ means – 90 to the frequency. surface. 16. 1 kg = 10 N 37. SONAR – SOund NAvigation and Ranging 17. Thrust > friction and drag force. 38. Ultrasound - > 20000 Hz 18. Unbalanced force = Net force 39. Infrasound - < 20 Hz 19. Size of drag force depends – shape 40. Efficiency – No unit because it is a ratio and speed 41. Faranheit to Celsius (): 20. Drag coefficient – how easily an object moves through the air. (32F 32) 5/9 = 0C 21. Terminal Velocity – weight is equal to drag 42. Celsius to Faranheit: 22. Impulse = force x time 23. Crumple zones – collapse during a (0C 9/5) 32 = 32F collision and increase the the time during which the car is accelerating 43. 1 Calorie = 4.2 J 24. Wide base – low centre of gravity 1 Kilocalorie = 4.2 KJ 25. Narrow base – high centre of gravity 26. Current – Ampere (A); Charge – 44. 1 m3 = 1000000 cm3 Coulomb (C); Energy – Joule (J); 1 m2 = 10000 cm2 Resistance – Ohm (); Time – Second (s); Voltage – Volt (V); 45. →To convert kg to g, divide by 1000. Power – Watt (W) →To convert cm3 to m3, divide by 1000000 (106). 27. Direct current (d.c) – current moves →Work out the density in g/cm3, then multiply the in one direction [cells, batteries] answer by 1000. IGCSE PHYSICS - POINTS TO REMEMBER 46. 1 atm = 760 mm of Hg (or) 76 cm of Hg 64. →Moderator – Absorb some K.E. of the neutrons = 101.325 kPa (or) 101325 Pa. to slow them down. 47. Volume of cylinder = Area of base height. →Control rods – Absorb the neutrons completely. 48. Specific Heat Capacity = J/KgC Made of Boron or Cadmium. 49. SHC of water = 4.18 J or 4200 J/kgC → Reactor vessel – Steel, surrounded by a concrete 50. Do all your working in kPa instead of converting to layer of 5 m in thickness. Pa. 65. Orbital speed depends on planets mass. 51. Use for temperature in C 66. Convert kilometers into meters (by multiplying by 52. Use T for temperature in Kelvin 1000); Time in hours; Minutes to seconds; km to m → 53. →Temperature in K = Temp. in C + 273 1000 →Temperature in C = Temp. in K – 273 67. Classification of stars: Mnemonics: Oh! Be A Fine Girl/Guy, Kiss Me! 54. Direction of magnetic field – Right hand grip rule 55. Polarity of the solenoid (a long coil) – Right hand curl rule 68. → Hot star – Blue/White → Medium Star – Yellow 56. Fleming’s right hand rule – for electric generators → Cooler Star – Red →THUMB – Direction of FORCE (F) → FIRST FINGER – Direction of FIELD (B) 69. HR diagram: → MIDDLE FINGER - Direction of CURRENT (I) → White dwarfs → Main sequence (central band) 57. Fleming’s left hand rule – for electric motors → Giants →THUMB – Direction of FORCE or MOTION(F) → Supergiants → FIRST FINGER – Direction of FIELD (B) → SECOND FINGER - Direction of CURRENT (I) 70. → Red shift – source of light moving away from 58. Increase in Voltage – Step-up Transformer observer Decrease in Voltage – Step-down Transformer → Blue shift – Source of light moving towards 57. Unit of activity – Becquerel the observer. 58. Mass of electron – 9.1 10 kg -31
Charge of electron – 1.6 10-19
59. Nucleons – protons + neutrons 60. Atomic Number – No. of Protons 61. → Hydrogen-2 is also called heavy hydrogen or deuterium; →Hydrogen- 3 is also called as tritium. 62. Radiation → packets of energy called ‘photons’. 63. Irradiation → Gamma radiation used to kill microorganisms on surgical instruments and other medical equipments. Contamination → Radioactive waste accidently released into the air or sea wherein the fish, animals, crops being contaminated with RA material. IGCSE PHYSICS - POINTS TO REMEMBER
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