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IGCSE PHYSICS - POINTS TO REMEMBER

1. Average speed – v, vaverage 28. High resistance – less current


2. Turning effect – Torque (N.m) 29. Low resistance – More current (e.g. connecting
3. Momentum – kg m/s wires)
4. Speed and Velocity – m/s 30. Thermistors – Resistance decreases with
5. Acceleration – m/s2 increasing temperature.
6. Force – Newton (N) 31. Rubbing action – seperates charges
7. Gravitational field strength – N/kg 32. Angle – degree ()
8. S – distance travelled in speed (v) 33. Frequency – Hertz (Hz)
9. 1 minute – 60 seconds 34. Length – metre (m)
10. 1 hour – 60  60 (To convert m/s to 35. EM spectrum Mnemonic:
m/h) then divide by 1000 to convert In order of increasing frequency or decreasing
m/h to km/h as 1 km = 1000 m) wavelength:
11. To convert m/s to km/h, simply
multiply by 3.6. → Rahul’s Mother Is Visiting Uncle Xavier’s Garden
12. Slope or gradient – Tells us the
speed of the object. In order of increasing wavelength ():
13. Always show your working by
putting the values into the → Granddad Xavier Unfortunately Vomited In My
equation. Room
14. Area of a triangle – ½ bh 36. Red light – Longest wavelength and lowest
15. Word ‘normal’ means – 90 to the frequency.
surface.
16. 1 kg = 10 N 37. SONAR – SOund NAvigation and Ranging
17. Thrust > friction and drag force. 38. Ultrasound - > 20000 Hz
18. Unbalanced force = Net force 39. Infrasound - < 20 Hz
19. Size of drag force depends – shape 40. Efficiency – No unit because it is a ratio
and speed 41. Faranheit to Celsius ():
20. Drag coefficient – how easily an
object moves through the air. (32F  32)  5/9 = 0C
21. Terminal Velocity – weight is equal
to drag 42. Celsius to Faranheit:
22. Impulse = force x time
23. Crumple zones – collapse during a (0C  9/5)  32 = 32F
collision and increase the the time
during which the car is accelerating 43. 1 Calorie = 4.2 J
24. Wide base – low centre of gravity 1 Kilocalorie = 4.2 KJ
25. Narrow base – high centre of gravity
26. Current – Ampere (A); Charge – 44. 1 m3 = 1000000 cm3
Coulomb (C); Energy – Joule (J); 1 m2 = 10000 cm2
Resistance – Ohm (); Time –
Second (s); Voltage – Volt (V); 45. →To convert kg to g, divide by 1000.
Power – Watt (W) →To convert cm3 to m3, divide by 1000000 (106).
27. Direct current (d.c) – current moves →Work out the density in g/cm3, then multiply the
in one direction [cells, batteries] answer by 1000.
IGCSE PHYSICS - POINTS TO REMEMBER
46. 1 atm = 760 mm of Hg (or) 76 cm of Hg 64. →Moderator – Absorb some K.E. of the neutrons
= 101.325 kPa (or) 101325 Pa. to slow them down.
47. Volume of cylinder = Area of base  height. →Control rods – Absorb the neutrons completely.
48. Specific Heat Capacity = J/KgC Made of Boron or Cadmium.
49. SHC of water = 4.18 J or 4200 J/kgC → Reactor vessel – Steel, surrounded by a concrete
50. Do all your working in kPa instead of converting to layer of 5 m in thickness.
Pa. 65. Orbital speed depends on planets mass.
51. Use  for temperature in C 66. Convert kilometers into meters (by multiplying by
52. Use T for temperature in Kelvin 1000); Time in hours; Minutes to seconds; km to m →
53. →Temperature in K = Temp. in C + 273  1000
→Temperature in C = Temp. in K – 273 67. Classification of stars: Mnemonics:
Oh! Be A Fine Girl/Guy, Kiss Me!
54. Direction of magnetic field – Right hand grip rule
55. Polarity of the solenoid (a long coil) – Right hand
curl rule 68. → Hot star – Blue/White
→ Medium Star – Yellow
56. Fleming’s right hand rule – for electric generators → Cooler Star – Red
→THUMB – Direction of FORCE (F)
→ FIRST FINGER – Direction of FIELD (B) 69. HR diagram:
→ MIDDLE FINGER - Direction of CURRENT (I) → White dwarfs
→ Main sequence (central band)
57. Fleming’s left hand rule – for electric motors → Giants
→THUMB – Direction of FORCE or MOTION(F) → Supergiants
→ FIRST FINGER – Direction of FIELD (B)
→ SECOND FINGER - Direction of CURRENT (I) 70. → Red shift – source of light moving away from
58. Increase in Voltage – Step-up Transformer observer
Decrease in Voltage – Step-down Transformer → Blue shift – Source of light moving towards
57. Unit of activity – Becquerel the observer.
58. Mass of electron – 9.1  10 kg
-31

Charge of electron – 1.6  10-19


59. Nucleons – protons + neutrons
60. Atomic Number – No. of Protons
61. → Hydrogen-2 is also called heavy hydrogen or
deuterium;
→Hydrogen- 3 is also called as tritium.
62.  Radiation → packets of energy called ‘photons’.
63. Irradiation → Gamma radiation used to kill
microorganisms on surgical instruments and other
medical equipments.
Contamination → Radioactive waste accidently
released into the air or sea wherein the fish, animals,
crops being contaminated with RA material.
IGCSE PHYSICS - POINTS TO REMEMBER

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