DUAL TYRANSLATION PROCESSING: CEBUANO VISAYAN

AND ENGLISH TEXTUALITIES

___________________________________________

A Course Paper
Presented to ESOL
Cebu Normal University
Cebu City

__________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
English 1015
Translation: Theory and Practice

________________________________________

By:

Genon, Jesslyn Mar S.

October 14, 2015

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE

Title Page …………………………………………….......................... i

Table of Contents ………………………………………………………ii

Abstract ………………………………………………………………….iii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY ……………

Rationale ……………………………………………………….

Theoritical Background ………………………………………..

Problem Statement ……………………………………………

Significance of the Study ……………………………………….

Scope and Limitations …………………………………………

Definition of Terms ………………………………………………

Linguistic Research Method …………………………………..

Sources of Data …………………………………………………

Data Generating Processes …………………………………..

CHAPTER 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ………………………..

CHAPTER III. SYNTHESIS ……………………………………………

Summary of Findings ………………………………………….

Conclusion ……………………………………………………..

Recommendations ……………………………………………..

WORKS CITED ……………………………………………………….

ABOUT THE LINGUIST RESEARCHER ……………………………….

 ABSTRACT

Title: DUAL TRANSLATION PROCESSING: CEBUANO VISAYAN

AND ENGLISH TEXTUALITIES

Researcher: LADY JESSLYN MAR S. GENON

This linguistic paper translates an English text to Cebuano

Visayan, and a Cebuano Visayan text to English. The following are the findings
of this translation research: Cebuano Visayan is a phonetic language spelled as
it is sounded; Cebuano Visayan syntactic structure begins with a predicate and
followed by the subject; Textual-Syntactic Semantic Approximations ideally
translates the Cebuano Visayan source textuality to English target textuality;
Textual-Syntactic Semantic Approximations ideally translates the English Source
textuality to Cebuano Visayan target textuality; the Cebuano Visayan version of
the English source textuality reveals the Immediate Constituents of every
sentence. Based on the findings, the following conclusion is arrived at: dual
translation processing from Cebuano Visayan to English and vice versa is
reflected in equivalencies of language structure. Based on the findings of the
conclusion, the following recommendations are offered: the students who are
majors of language study specializing on translation should know and follow that
the Cebuano Visayan orthographic structure is spelled as sounded: the sentence
structure should begin with the predicate then followed by the subject, and the
students should use the Textual-Syntactic Semantic Approximations to ideally
translate Cebuano Visayan source textuality to English and an English source
textuality to Cebuano Visayan; and the English teachers or the academicians
must teach the English major students on how to reveal the Immediate
Constituent Analysis in every sentences.
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY

Rationale

Philippines is a multilingual country containing 150 languages or more.

As a multilingual nation, we need an effective tool in order for us to have better

understanding in communicating effectively. Thus, translation process can be

one of these great tools.

In translating, there is conversion of several words and meaning from

one language into another language. Translating from one source language to a

target language needs a lot of analytical thinking and deeper knowledge

regarding the rules in language structure of a particular language and also its

other aspects. These aspects might refer to the grammar rules, the phonetic

spelling, and all other factors. Successful translators have excellent language

skills and extensive vocabulary in both languages. They pay attention to regional

variations and to new and evolving vocabulary, but there is more to know about

translating. Transferring meaning is more complex than it seems, and producing

an error-free translation is not easy. A good translation is the result of: thoroughly

investigating the requirements for the translation project, and then following a

proven process to create the translation.

Therefore, it is really important to consider the right translation method to

use and the exact equivalencies in translating process.

Theoritical Background of the Study

This study argues that dual translation processing from Cebuano

Visayan to English and vice versa is reflected in equivalencies of language

structures.

This argument is supported by the theory of Translation Methods : The

Word for Word Translation Method is the process of translating by their most

common meaning; The Literal Translation Method is the process of translating

the grammatical constructions to their nearest Target Language (TL); The

Faithful Translation Method in which the translation intercepts the exact

contextual meaning of the original; The Semantic Translation Method which

refers to the aesthetic value of the Source Language (SL); The Adaptation

Method which is used mainly for plays and poems ; The Free Translation Method

produces the translated text without the style, form or content of the original; The

Idiomatic Translation Method tends to distort the original meaning; and the

Communicative Translation Method is displayed in a manner where the content

is easily acceptable and comprehensive to the readers.

Problem Statement

This linguistic paper translates and English texts to Cebuano Visayan,

and a Cebuano Visayan text to English.

Specifically, it focuses on the following translation processes:

1.) The Cebuano Visayan text to English in terms of:

1.1 Orthographic idealization,

 1.2 Syntactic idealization

1.3 Cebuano Visayan to English translation;

2.) English text to Cebuano Visayan in terms of:

2.1 Cebuano Visayan idealized translation,

2.2 Immediate Constituent Analysis of the Idealized

Cebuano Visayan version.

Significance of the Study

This study is relevant to the future linguists for it can help broaden their

ideas on how to translate from one language to another language. To the majors

of language study specializing on translation, this will help them attained

proficiency in learning the different translation process and/or methods. To the

University academics of linguistics, this will provide them ideas to impose and not

to disregard the study and teaching of translation process. This is a model paper

for translation from a source language to a target language.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The two articles in English and Cebuano Visayan translation processing

are the focused of the study. The Cebuano Visayan sports article, Williams

mobalik sa Cavaliers, is taken from SunStar Superbalita issued on July 6, 2015.

The English editorial article A lot of Sweeping under the rug for APEC is taken

from The Freeman issued on July 16, 2015.

The study is limited to the following parameter: The Cebuano Visayan

text to English in terms of orthographic idealization, syntactic idealization,

Cebuano Visayan to English translation, and The English text to Cebuano

Visayan in terms of Cebuano Visayan idealized translation and Immediate

Constituent Analysis of the idealized Cebuano Visayan version.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are hereby defined in order to avoid

misunderstanding.

Grapheme refers to the letters of the alphabet.

Immediate Constituent Analysis (ICA) refers to the smallest units of

meaning in the structure of a sentence, words, speech sounds, made up the

successive segments (parts) of the utterances in a language.

Lexical morphemes refer to the parts of speech that are called content

word such as noun, verb, adjective and adverb.

Orthographic is the linguistic term for spelling.

Translation is the process of transforming source language (SL) texts to

equivalent target language (TL) texts.

Linguistic Research Method

The linguistic research method utilized in this paper is the Translation

Method (Newmark, 81) from one source language to the target language.

Translation is the process of transforming source language texts (either spoken

or written) to equivalent target language texts (spoken or written)

Sources of Data

The sources of data are two textuality: the Cebuano Visayan textuality

for translation is sourced out from the sports item Williams mobalik sa Cavaliers

of SunStar Superbalita issued on July 6, 2015; and the English textuality for

translation is sourced out from the editorial article A lot of Sweeping under the

rug for APEC is taken from The Freeman issued on July 16, 2015.

Data Generating Processes

The verbal data consisting of the source and target languages in

translation are generated in two phases. Phase one generates the data using the

Cebuano Visayan textuality as source language to be translated into English

textuality as the target language. This Cebuano Visayan-to-English translation

processing consists of three subphases: orthographic idealization; syntactic

idealization: and Cebuano Visayan to English translation. This is followed by the

next phase.

Phase two translation processing focuses on the English textuality as

the source language to be translated into Cebuano Visayan translation

processing includes two subphases: Cebuano Visayan idealized translation; and

Immediate Constituent Analysis of the Idealized Cebuano version. This

completes the data generating process.

 Chapter 2

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter gives the analytical descriptive translation data of the two

textualities from one source language to another target language: English and

Cebuano Visayan in duality.

The data in cross – language textualities are organized into five papers,

with the first there papers focused on the Cebuano Visayan textual source into

English target textuality. The last two papers are focused on the English textual

source into Cebuano Visayan target textuality.

These five papers, in response to the five subphases of the study, are

hereby outlined as follows:

I. Orthographic Idealization: Williams mubalik sa Cavaliers

II. Syntactic Idealization: Williams mubalik sa Cavaliers

III. Cebuano Visayan - to - English Translation: Williams mubalik sa

Cavaliers/Williams returns to Cavaliers

IV. English - to - Cebuano Visayan Idealized Translation: A lot of sweeping

under the rug for APEC/Daghan’g Silhigunun ilawm sa trapu para sa

APEC

V. Immediate Constituent Analysis: A lot of sweeping under the rug for

APEC/Daghan’g Pagpananilhig ilawm sa trapu para sa APEC

 PAPER ONE

ORTHOGRAPHIC IDEALIZATION: WILLIAMS MUBALIK SA CAVALIERS

This paper argues that orthographic violations of Cebuano Visayan as

a phonetic language are revealed in the article, Williams mobalik sa Cavaliers,

which needs to be idealized.

Cebuano Visayan is a phonetic language that is spelled as it is

sounded but the article Williams mobalik sa Cavaliers from the newspaper

SunStar Superbalita contains many violations of phonetic orthography. The

article has seven sentences.

Sentence number one has only one misspelled word og which is

idealized as ug. In Cebuano Visayan, there is no vowel o only u. So, we need to

change o to u and it becomes ug.

Sentence number two has the following misspelled words: mobalik,

nahimo, kauban, diin, siyang and niadtong which are idealized as mubalik,

nahimu, ka-uban, di-in, siya'ng and ni-adtu'ng. Some words used the vowel o

therefore we need to change it to u. Other words like kauban and diin, must have

a hyphen between the two consecutive vowel letters a-u and i-i. The word siyang

must have an apostrophe same also with niadtong, because these words are

both contractions.

Sentence number three has one misspelled word: detalye which is

idealized as ditalyi. In this case, the word used the vowel e, but the Cebuano
Visayan language does not have an e vowel. Therefore, we need to change e to i

to spell it correctly.

Sentence number four has the following misspelled words: misugod,

diin, puntos, miaging, og and sulod which are idealized as: misugud, di-in,

puntus, mi-agi'ng, ug and sulud. Some words used the vowel sound o so we

need to change it to u. We also need to put a hyphen on the words that have two

consecutive vowels within, and an apostrophe for the words that are

contractions.

Sentence number five has two misspelled words: og and makapuntus

which are idealized as: ug and makapuntus. To make the spelling of both words

right, we must respell it by changing o to u.

Sentence number six has the following misspelled words: sulod,

kaniadto, tuig and niadtong which are idealized as sulud, kani-adtu, tu-ig and ni-

adtu. We need to replace the vowel o with u, add an apostrophe with words that

are contractions like niadtong, and also put a hyphen between the vowels u and i

in the word tuig.

Sentence number seven has only one misspelled word: laing which is

idealized as la-in'g. The word is the contraction of "la-in nga" therefore we must

put an apostrophe on it, and a hyphen between the two vowels a-i.

Therefore, the orthography of the whole article in each sentences are

hereby idealized. It is concluded that Cebuano Visayan is a phonetic language,

spelled as it is sounded.
 PAPER TWO

SYNTACTIC IDEALIZATION: WILLIAMS MUBALIK SA CAVALIERS

This paper assumes that Cebuano Visayan syntactic structure begins

with a predicate and followed by the subject as in the case of all Malay

languages.

This assumption is supported by the Predicate Construct Theory

which states that all sentences begin with a predicate and followed by the

subject.

The article Williams mubalik sa Cavaliers from SunStar SuperBalita

contains seven sentences and three of which are inaccurate in syntax.

The second sentence is inaccurate syntactically:

Si Williams mi-twit nga mubalik siya sa

Cavaliers di-in nahimu siya'ng All-Star

ka-uban si James ni-adtu'ng 2009.

The sentence begins with the subject Si Williams and followed by the predicate

mi-twit, so it must be written in inverted order as follows:

Mi-twit si Williams nga mubalik siya sa

Cavaliers di-in nahimu siya'ng All-Star

ka-uban si James ni-adtu'ng 2009.

The fourth sentence is inaccurate syntactically:

 Si Williams misugud sa mi-agi'ng season

sa Minnesota Timberwolves ug nabalhin

kini sa Charlotte Hornets di-in nag average

siya ug 17.2 puntus sulud sa 27 ka mga duwa.

This sentence begins with the subject Si Williams and followed by the predicate

misugud, so it must be inverted in order as follows:

Misugud si Williams sa mi-agi'ng season

sa Minnesota Timberwolves ug nabalhin

kini sa Charlotte Hornets di-in nag-average

siya ug 17.2 puntus sulud sa 27 ka mga duwa.

The fifth sentence is also inaccurate syntactically:

Ang Cavaliers nagkinahanglan ug back-up

pointguard nga makapuntus alang kang

Kyrie Irving.

This sentence begins with the subject Ang Cavaliers and followed by the

predicate nagkinahanglan, so it must be in inverted order as follows:

Nagkinahanglan ang Cavaliers ug back-up

pointguard nga makapuntus alang kang

 Kyrie Irving.

Therefore, the Cebuano Visayan syntactic structure of the seven

sentences in the article, Williams mubalik sa Cavaliers begins with a predicate

and followed by the subject as in the case of all Malay languages.

 PAPER THREE

CEBUANO VISAYAN-TO-ENGLISH TRANSLATION: WILLIAMS MUBALIK SA

CAVALIERS/WILLIAMS RETURNS TO CAVALIERS

This paper argues that Textual-Syntactic Semantic Approximations

ideally translates the Cebuano Visayan source textuality to English target

textuality.

This argument is supported by the theory of Textual-Syntactic

Semantic Approximations which states that the SL-to-TL morphosyntactic

transference follows SL-TL equivalencies or near approximations.

1.Makig-uban ug balik si Mo Williams ka'ng Lebron James sa Cleveland

Cavaliers alang sa National Basketball Association (NBA).

Mo Williams will team-up again with Lebron James on Cleveland Cavaliers for

the National Basketball Association (NBA).

2. Mi-tweet si Williams nga mubalik siya sa Cavaliers di-in nahimu siya'ng All-

Star ka-uban si James ni-adtu'ng 2009.

Williams tweeted that he will come back to Cavaliers where he became an All-

Star together with James on 2009.

3. Wala pa nasayran ang ditalyi kabahin sa pagbalik ni Williams sa Cavaliers.

The details of his return are not stated yet.

4. Misugud si Williams sa mi-aging season sa Minnesota Timberwolves ug

nabalhin kini sa Charlotte Hornets di-in nag-average siya ug 17.2 puntus sulud

sa 27 ka mga duwa.

Williams started in Minnesota Timberwolves in the last season then to Charlotte

Hornets where he gained an average of 17.2 points within 27 games.

5. Nagkinahanglan ang Cavaliers ug back-up point guard nga makapuntus alang

kang Kyrie Irving.

The Cavalier is in need of a back-up point guard in making up points for Kyrie

Irving.

6. Sulud sab sa duha ka mga tu-ig nakaduwa si Williams sa Cavaliers kani-adtu

una kini nabalhin sa Los Angeles Clippers ni-adtu'ng 2011.

Williams already played in Cavaliers for two years before he transferred to Los

Angeles Clippers on 2011.

7. Sa la-in'g bahin, nagtinguha sab ang Cavaliers nga makuha si Jamal Crawford

gikan sa Clippers.

On the other side, Cavaliers also aimed to get Jamal Crawford from the Clippers.

Therefore, it has been proven that Textual-Syntactic Semantic

Approximations ideally translates the Cebuano Visayan source textuality to

English target textuality.

 PAPER FOUR

ENGLISH-TO-CEBUANO VISAYAN IDEALIZED TRANSLATION: A LOT OF

SWEEPING UNDER THE RUG FOR APEC

This paper argues that Textual-Syntactic Semantic Approximations

ideally translates the English source textuality to Cebuano Visayan target

textuality.

This argument is supported by the theory of Textual-Syntactic

Semantic Approximations which states that the SL-to-TL morphosyntactic

transference follows SL-TL equivalencies or near approximations.

Cebuano Visayan English

All of these sprucing up -- repairs,

Mahimu kini'ng tanan - pagpangayu,
rehabilitation, beautification, etc -- in
pagpapatarung ug pagpanindut sa
preparation for the APEC meeting
mga palibut bisan di pa mahitabu
that will be held in Cebu could have
ang gi-ingun'g panagtigum sa APEC
been done even without Cebu
dinhi sa Sugbu. Di kinahangla’g
having all of these APEC meetings.
pinasahi nga pundu, kahanas ug
All of these do not need special
hilabi’ng pagtagad kini'ng tanan.
budget, special skills and special

attention.

There is no need for extra time and

Dili kinahanglan ug pinalabi’ng
extra effort to be spent on all of
panahun ug pagkugi ang igahin
these hums of activities.
ni-ini'ng kalihukan. Makahimu si They are all ordinary activities that

kinsa’ng na-a's kagamhanan kay kini any government would do ordinarily.

dili lisud nga mga buhatunun. That they are being done now is

Gipamuhat nu-un kini karun tungud because they have not been done at

wala kini nabuhat sa-una. all.

Gila-uman nga utukan gyud All of the delegates that will

ang mga diligadu sa APEC ug be coming are expected to be

siguru'ng makabantay gyud sila sa intelligent enough to know something

mga ka-usaban kung makakita na is new when they see one. In other

sila'g usa. Mabantayan gihapun nila words, when the APEC guests start

inig sugud ug suruy sa palibut sa going around and notice everything

mga dinapit sa APEC nga gimugna to be all spic and span, they will see

ra kini’ng tanan ug ang nakita nila dili that these have all been just put up

susama kung unsa gyud kini kani- and that what they are seeing is not

adtu, sa la-in’g pulung. how things were before.

Makabati syimpri ug pagdayg Of course, the APEC

ug pasigarbu ang mga bisita sa guests will feel flattered and honored

APEC kay gipangandaman man that so much has been put in just for

gyud ang ila’ng pag-anhi. Apan their coming. But APEC is the Asia

nasayud kita nga Asia Pacific Pacific Economic Cooperation and

Economic Cooperation ang pasabut that these guests must certainly

sa APEC ug nasayud ma-ayu ang know their economics well.

mga dinapit nga naghisgut kini And if they know their economics

kabahin sa ikunumiya. Kay nasayud well, they should know where the

man sila nga kini sa ikunumiya, Philippines is in the standings of

mahibaw unta sila asa ra dapita ang nations when it comes to the

Pilipinas kung maghisgut na ug economy.

istadu sa mga nasud sa ikunumiya.

These guests will know everything

Makahibalu ra gihapun sa
that looks shiny and bright, and all
tanan ang mga dinapit sa APEC nga
hunky-dory and such, is just a
kini'ng mga sinaw ug hayag tan-awn,
put on, a show for their benefit, and
ug ang tanan'g kahapsay,
that they do not represent the
mahimu'ng giplanu ra, usa ka
reality when everything goes back to
pagpakita para's ila'ng binipisyu, ug
normal. Instead of being
nga wala kini nagriprisintar sa
immersed in things as they really
riyalidad kung mabalik na ang tanan
are, that they might gain insightful
sa nurmal. Imbis manggilabut sa
knowledge about the place and
mga butang ug unsa kini, mahimu’ng
perchance be guided in
makakuha sila’g undanun nga
making intelligent decisions
kahibalu mahitungud sa mga dapit
pertaining to APEC policies, the
ug basin makahatag kini ug giya
heavy wool of pretense has been
arun makahimu sila ug ma-alamun'g
pulled over their eyes.
hukum atul sa mga pulisiya sa

APEC, ang mabug-at nga pagpaka-

arun ingnun ma-uy gabira

Ila’ng mga mata.

Sa pulung pa, mahibalu-an ra In a word, the APEC guests

unya sa mga dinapit sa APEC nga will know a lot of things have simply

kini'ng mga butanga sama sa gisilhig been swept under the rug.

nga sagbut ilalum sa trapu. Sa

To find so many new things is to
pagpangita ug daghan'g bag-u'ng
raise an awful lot of red flags
butang, kini sama sa pag-isa ug
that they could be hiding a lot of
maka-u-ulaw'ng pahimangnu nga
unsavory things.
nagpasabut, adunay tinagu-an'g dili
They will immediately realize that a
ma-ayu nga butang. Makahuna-huna
government that is able to do a lot of
unya dayun sila nga kadtu'ng
things all at once must be a
gubyirnu nga nakabuhat ug daghan'g
government that failed to do a
mga butang sa maka-usa ma-u ra
lot of things over long periods of
pud ang napakyas sa pagbuhat sa
time.
pipila ka mga butang sa dinugay nga

panahun.

Dili makasaligan kini'ng And when a government

gubyirnuha sa daghan'g butang kung fails to do a lot of things over a long

napakyas kini sa pagbuhat sa pipila period of time, it must be a

ka mga butang sulud dugay’ng government that cannot be trusted in

panahun. Ligdung nga makapahi- a lot of things. That is a very serious

ubus kini sa mga laraw sa dampener on the prospects of any

kagamhanan nga naninguha host government angling to gain

pagkab-ut sa pagtuman sa concessions in such an important

mahinungdanun'g panagtigum sa and pivotal economic conference as

APEC. Mugawas ra gyud ang the APEC. Honest always proceeds

pagkamatinud-anun gikan sa kung from being who you are. And the

kinsa gyud ka. Ug mugawas gyud truth always come through any

kanunay ang kamatu-uran sa bisan disguise.

unsa'ng pagpanglimbung.
 PAPER FIVE

IMMDEDIATE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS: A LOT OF SWEEPING UNDER THE

RUG FOR APEC/DAGHAN’G SILHIGANAN ILAWM SA TRAPU TUNGUD SA

APEC

This paper argues that the Cebuano Visayan version of the English

source textuality A lot of sweeping under the rug reveals the Immediate

Constituents of every sentences.

1. Mahimu kini'ng tanan - pagpangayu, pagpapatarung ug pagpanindut sa

V PRON PRON V V CON V PREP

mga palibut bisan di pa mahitabu ang gi-ingun'g panagtigum sa APEC

PART N CON ADV V PART ADV N PART N

dinhi sa Sugbu.
ADV PART N

Rewrite rule:

V + PRON + PRON +V + V+ CON +V + PREP + PART + N + CON + ADV

+V + PART+ ADV + N + PART + N + ADV + PART + N -> S (Sentence)

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADV -> Adverb S -> Sentence

PRON -> Pronoun PREP -> Preposition

2. Di kinahangla’g pinasahi nga pundu, kahanas ug hilabi’ng pagtagad kini'ng

ADV V ADJ PART N N CON ADJ V PRON

tanan.
PRON
 Rewrite Rule:

ADV + V + ADJ + PART + N + N + CON + ADJ + V + PRON + PRON -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADV -> Adverb S -> Sentence

PRON -> Pronoun ADJ -> Adjective

3. Dili kinahanglan ug pinalabi’ng panahun ug pagkugi ang igahin ni-ini'ng

ADV V CON ADJ N CON N PART V PRON

kalihukan.
N

Rewrite Rule:

ADV + V + CON + ADJ + N + CON + N + PART + V + PRON + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADV -> Adverb S -> Sentence

PRON -> Pronoun ADJ -> Adjective

4. Makahimu si kinsa’ng na-a's kagamhanan kay kini dili lisud

V PART PRON ADV N CON PRON ADV ADJ

nga buhatunun.
PART N

Rewrite Rule:

V + PART + PRON + ADV + N + CON + PRON + ADV + ADJ + PART + N

-> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

 CON -> Conjunction ADV -> Adverb S -> Sentence

PRON -> Pronoun ADJ -> Adjective

5. Gipamuhat nu-un kini karun tungud wala kini nabuhat sa-una.

V ADV PRON ADV CON ADV PRON V ADV

Rewrite Rule:

V + ADV + PRON + CON + ADV + PRON + V + ADV -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADV -> Adverb S -> Sentence

PRON -> Pronoun ADJ -> Adjective

6. Gila-uman nga utukan gyud ang mga diligadu sa APEC ug siguru'ng

V PART ADJ ADV PART PART N PREP N CON ADV

makabantay gyud sila sa ka-usaban kung makakita na sila'g usa.

V ADV PRON PART N CON V ADV PRON N.

Rewrite Rule:

V + PART+ ADJ+ ADV + PART+ PART + N + PREP + N + CON + ADV +

V + ADV + PRON + PART + N + CON + V + ADV + PRON + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADV -> Adverb PREP -> Preposition

PRON -> Pronoun ADJ -> Adjective S -> Sentence

7. Mabantayan gihapun nila inig sugud ug suruy sa palibut sa mga

V ADV PRON ADV V CON V PREP N PART PART

dinapit sa APEC nga gimugna ra kini’ng tanan ug ang nakita nila

N PART N PART V ADV PRON N CON PART V PRON

dili sama kung unsa kini kani-adtu, sa la-in’g pulung.

 PREP ADV CON ADV PRON ADV PREP ADV N

Rewrite Rule:

V + ADV + PRON + ADV + V + CON + V + PREP +N + PART + PART + N

+ PART + N + PART + V + ADV + PRON + N + CON + PART + V + PRON

+ PREP + ADV + CON + ADV + PRON + ADV + PREP + ADV + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADV -> Adverb PREP -> Preposition

PRON -> Pronoun S -> Sentence

8. Makabati syimpri ug pagdayg ug pasigarbu ang mga bisita sa APEC

V ADV CON N CON N PART PART N PART N

kay gipangandaman man gyud ang ila’ng pag-anhi.

CON V PART ADV PART PRON V

Rewrite Rule:

V + ADV + CON + N + CON + N + PART + PART + N + PART + N + CON

+ V + PART + ADV + PART + PRON + V -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADV -> Adverb S -> Sentence

PRON -> Pronoun

9. Apan nasayud kita nga Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation ang pasabut
CON V PRON PART N N N N PART N

sa APEC ug nasayud ma-ayu ang mga dinapit nga naghisgut kini

PART N CON V ADJ PART PART N PART V PRON
 kabahin sa ikunumiya.
CON PART N

Rewrite Rule:

CON + V + PRON + PART +N + N + N + N + PART +N + PART + N +CON

+V + ADJ + PART + PART + N + V + PRON + CON + PART + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADJ -> Adjective S -> Sentence

PRON -> Pronoun

10. Kay nasayud man sila nga kini sa ikunumiya, mahibaw unta
CON V ADV PRON PART PRON PART N V ADV

sila asa dapita ang Pilipinas kung maghisgut ug istadu sa

PRON ADV N PART N CON V CON N PART

mga nasud sa ikunumiya.

PART N PART N

Rewrite Rule:

CON + V + ADV + PRON + PART + PRON + PART +N + V + ADV +

PRON + ADV + N + PART + N + CON + V + CON + N + PART + PART +

N + PART + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADJ -> Adjective S -> Sentence

PRON -> Pronoun ADV -> Adverb

11. Makahibalu gihapun sa tanan ang mga dinapit sa APEC nga

V ADV PART PRON PART PART N PART N PART
 kini’ng mga sinaw ug hayag tan-awn, ug ang tanan'g kahapsay,
PRON PART ADJ CON ADJ V CON PART PRON ADJ

mahimu’ng giplanu ra, usa ka pagpakita para's ila'ng binipisyu, ug

V V ADV ADV PART V PREP PRON N CON

nga wala kini nagriprisintar sa riyalidad kung mabalik ang tanan

PART ADV PRON N PART N CON V PART PRON

sa normal.
PART ADJ

Rewrite Rule:

V + ADV + PART + PRON + PART + PART + N + PART + N + PRON +

PART + ADJ + CON + ADJ + V +CON + PART + PRON+ ADJ + V + V +

ADV + ADV + PART + V + PREP + PRON + N + CON + PART + ADV +

PRON + N + PART + CON + V + PART + PRON + PART + ADJ -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADJ -> Adjective PREP -> Preposition

PRON -> Pronoun ADV -> Adverb S -> Sentence

12. Imbis manggilabut sa mga butang ug unsa kini, mahimu’ng

ADV V PART PART N CON ADV PRON V

makakuha sila’g undanun nga kahibalu mahitungud sa mga dapit ug

V PRON ADJ PART N PREP PART PART N PART

basin makahatag kini ug giya arun makahimu sila ug ma-alamun'g

CON V PRON CON N CON V PRON CON ADJ

hukum atul sa mga pulisiya sa APEC, ang mabug-at nga pagpaka-

N PREP PART PART N PART N PART ADJ PART V
 arun ingnun ma-uy gabira sa ila’ng mga mata.
CON V PART PRON PART N
Rewrite Rule:

ADV + V + PART + PART+ N + CON + ADV + PRON + V + PRON + ADJ +

PART + N + PREP + PART + PART + N + +PART + CON + V + PRON +

CON + V + PRON + CON + ADJ + N + PREP + PART + PART + N+

+PART + N +PART + ADJ + PART + V + CON + V + PART + PRON

PART + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADJ -> Adjective PREP -> Preposition

PRON -> Pronoun ADV -> Adverb S -> Sentence

13. Sa pulung pa, mahibalu-an ra sa mga dinapit sa APEC nga

PART N ADV V ADV PART PART N PART N PART

kini’ng mga butanga sama sa gisilhig nga sagbut ilalum sa trapu.

PRON PART N ADV PART V PART N ADV PART N

Rewrite Rule:

PART + N +ADV+ V + ADV + PART+ PART + N + PART + N + PART +

PRON + PART + N + ADV + PAR + V + PART + N + ADV+ PART + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

ADJ -> Adjective PRON -> Pronoun ADV -> Adverb

S -> Sentence

14. Sa pagpangita ug daghan'g bag-u'ng butang, kini sama sa pag-isa ug

PART V CON ADJ ADJ N PRON ADV PART V CON
 maka-u-ulaw'ng pahimangnu nga nagpasabut, adunay tinagu-an'g dili
ADJ N PART N ADV ADJ ADV

ma-ayu’ng butang.
ADJ N

Rewrite Rule:

PART + V + CON + ADJ + ADJ + N + PRON + ADV + PART + V + CON +

ADJ + N + PART + N + ADV + ADJ + ADV + ADJ + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

ADJ -> Adjective PRON -> Pronoun ADV -> Adverb

S -> Sentence

15. Makahuna-huna unya dayun sila nga kadtu'ng gubyirnu nga

V ADV ADJ PRON PART PRON N PART

nakabuhat ug daghan'g mga butang sa maka-usa ma-u ra pud ang

V CON ADJ PART N PART ADV CON ADV PREP

napakyas sa pagbuhat sa pipila ka mga butang sa dinugay nga panahun.

V PART V PART ADV PART N PART ADJ PART N

Rewrite Rule:

V+ ADV + ADJ PRON + PART + PRON + N + PART + V + CON + ADJ +

PART + N + PART + ADV + CON + ADV + PREP + V + PART + V +PART

+ ADV + PART + N + PART + ADJ + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADJ -> Adjective PREP -> Preposition

PRON -> Pronoun ADV -> Adverb S -> Sentence

16. Dili makasaligan kini'ng gubyirnuha sa daghan'g butang kung napakyas
ADV V PRON N PART ADJ N CON V

kini sa pagbuhat sa pipila ka butang sulud sa dugay’ng panahun.

PRON PART V PART ADV PART N PREP PART ADJ N

Rewrite Rule:

ADV + V + PRON + N + PART + ADJ + N + CON + V + PRON + PART + V

+ PART + ADV + PART + N + PREP + PART + ADJ + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADJ -> Adjective PREP -> Preposition

PRON -> Pronoun ADV -> Adverb S -> Sentence

17. Ligdung nga makapahi-ubus kini sa mga laraw sa kagamhanan nga

ADJ PART ADJ PRON PART PART N PART N PART

naninguha pagkab-ut sa pagtuman sa mahinungdanun'g panagtigum

V V PART V PART ADJ N

sa APEC.
PART N

Rewrite Rule:

ADJ + PART + ADJ + PRON + PART + N + PART + N + PART + V + V +

PART + V + PART + ADJ + N + PART + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

ADJ -> Adjective PRON -> Pronoun S -> Sentence

18. Mugawas gyud ang pagkamatinud-anun gikan sa kung kinsa ka.

V ADV PART ADJ PREP PART CON ADV N
 Rewrite Rule:

V + ADV + PART + ADJ + PREP + PART + CON + ADV + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADJ -> Adjective PREP -> Preposition

PRON -> Pronoun ADV -> Adverb S -> Sentence

19. Ug mugawas gyud kanunay ang kamatu-uran sa bisan unsa'ng

CON V ADV ADV PART ADJ PART CON ADV

pagpanglimbung.
N
Rewrite Rule:

CON + V+ ADV + PART + ADJ + PART + CON + ADV + N -> S

Where:

V -> Verb N -> Noun PART-> Particle

CON -> Conjunction ADJ -> Adjective ADV -> Adverb

S -> Sentence

Therefore, it has been proven that the Cebuano Visayan version of the

English source textuality A lot of sweeping under the rug/Daghan’g silhigunun

ilawm sa trapu tungud sa APEC reveals the Immediate Constituents of every

sentence.
 CHAPTER 3

SYNTHESIS

This chapter condenses the findings of the five translation papers,

arriving at a conclusion, offering the recommendations.

Summary of Findings

The following are the findings of this translation research:

1. The orthography of the whole article in each

sentences are hereby idealized, and that

Cebuano Visayan is a phonetic language

spelled as it is sounded.

2. The Cebuano Visayan syntactic structure of the

seven sentences begin with a predicate and

followed by the subject as in the case of all

Malay languages.

3. It has been proven that the Textual-Syntactic

Semantic Approximations ideally translates the

Cebuano Visayan source textuality to English

target textuality.

4. It has been proven that the Textual-Syntactic

Semantic Approximations ideally translates

the English source textuality to Cebuano

Visayan target textuality.

 5. It has been proven that the Cebuano Visayan

version of the English source textuality

Daghan'g Silhigunun ilawm sa Trapu

tungud sa APEC reveals the Immediate

Constituents of every sentence.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, the following conclusion is arrived at: dual

translation processing from Cebuano Visayan to English and vice - versa is

reflected in equivalencies of language structures.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the conclusion, the following

recommendations are offered:

1. The students who are majors of language study specializing on translation

should know and follow that the Cebuano Visayan orthographic structure

is spelled as sounded

2. The students who are majors of language study specializing on translation

must follow that the right sentence structure of Cebuano Visayan begins

with the predicate then followed by the subject.

3. The future translators and Cebuano Visayan Translation students should

use the Textual-Syntactic Semantic Approximations to ideally translate

Cebuano Visayan source textuality to English target textuality.

4. The future translators and Cebuano Visayan Translation students should

use the Textual-Syntactic Semantic Approximations to ideally translate an

English source textuality to Cebuano Visayan target textuality.

5. The English teachers or the academicians must teach the English major

and translation students on how to reveal the Immediate Constituent

Analysis in every sentence.

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Catford, J.C. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press,

1965.

Gabutina, Chino G. A lot of sweeping under the rug for APEC. The Freeman,

2015.

Hervey, S. and Higgins.Thinking Translation. London & New York: Routledge,

1992.

Lirazan, Erwin S. Williams mobalik sa Cavaliers. Sunstar Superbalita, 2015.

Loescher, W. Translation performance, translation process and translation

strategies. Tuebigin: Guten Narr, 1991.

Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation. Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall, 1988a.

Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation. Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall, 1988b.

Pesirla, A. The Linguistic Systems of Cebuano-Visayan. Cebu City: Carangue

Printing Corp., 2003.

Seguinto, C. The Translation process. Toronto: H.G. Publications.