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INTRODUCTION

Garlic (Allium sativum) and Orange (Citrus sinensis) extracts against Leukopenia

Leukopenia is a condition wherein a decrease in disease-fighting leukocytes in

human blood occurs. It occurs in adults with a count lower than 3500 WBC per

microliter of blood. When leukopenia happens, the immune system is severely

weakened and greater risk and number of infections will be outrageous (Mandal, 2019).

This idea means people will be an open gate to different diseases and infections, thus

putting your life in grave danger. Leukopenia can be of many causes such as

chemotherapy, cancer, and medications that destroy WBC and infections that disrupt

the work of the bone marrow. In a work entitled "Decision Making in Medicine",

patients with leukopenia usually have signs and symptoms of infection that are often

life-threatening (Kreislei, 2010)

Garlic is an herb grown around the world. It is famous for its culinary purposes,

but its magic doesn't end there. Hypertension, candidiasis, high cholesterol, fungal and

bacterial infections all bowed down to this amazing plant. It's so common that 90.67% is

the percentage of the world that uses garlic. An estimated total of 28 164 055 tons of

garlic were produced in 2017. Even the father of medicine, Hippocrates promoted garlic

for healing several conditions, but garlic's full potential is not present in its natural form.

It's because of garlic's principal bioactive compound, allicin, and its most antiviral-

active compound, ajoene, are the two attractions of the garlic and are products of the
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degradation of alliin. Allicin is the one to give the garlic its immune-boosting properties,

while the ajoene is the one to induce apoptosis in WBC. These two

compounds help each other in promoting and maintaining leukocytosis. A manifestation

of the effectiveness of these two compounds in promoting WBC production, in which

onion was used, a closely related family of garlic, in promoting WBC production (Zhou,

2017).

Orange, on the other hand, is an aromatic citrus fruit that can mask up garlic's

pungent odor without altering its chemical composition. It also has many benefits, such

as antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering fruit. 2018 was a

year that orange bloomed as it is estimated that 45 million tons of orange have been

produced on that said year. Its main highlight is its vitamin C; because 500 grams of

orange are 50%-70% vitamin C. Vitamin C, alone, promotes leukocytosis and boosts the

immune system to fight infection (Raman, 2018).

The researcher conducted this research to help the people have an alternative,

cheaper, safer, easy-to-create and environmental-friendly medication, and at the same

time, chewable candies for low WBC count. The researcher wants the public to develop

a deeper understanding on nature's magical properties and how to properly use it.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What is the possibility to treat low WBC count using garlic and orange extracts?

2. Is there any significant difference between the WBC counts of the lab mice with

the treatment and of the controlled group of the mice in terms of:

a. Gender

b. Effectiveness of the product?

HYPOTHESES

Ha: There is a possibility of using garlic extract and orange extracts in treating

Leukopenia.

Ho: The effectiveness of the product will not be affected by the gender of the lab mice.

HO: The treatment will have no significant effect on the WBC of the lab mice.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to break the dependence of the modern generation to the

uprising technology. This study presents an environmental-friendly, cheap, easy-to-

create chewable candy, that will not only satisfy the candy lovers, but also satisfy the

need of the body for more and more WBC.

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SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

Four lab mice bought from Angeles, Pampanga were tested with the chewable

candy. The researcher used the garlic bulbs and orange fruit juice that were bought

from the public market of Concepcion, Tarlac.

The study does not seek to include the treatment of other infections or diseases

caused by leukopenia.

MATERIALS AND FUNDINGS

MATERIALS PRICE

Garlic ₱30.00

Orange ₱60.00

Cloth ₱0.00

Mortar and pestle ₱0.00

Total: ₱90.00
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METHODOLOGY

Method of Research

The research used the experimental design to test the effectiveness of garlic and

orange extracts against leukopenia.

Materials and Method

The researcher peeled and pounded the 200 grams of garlic bulbs. After that, the

researcher peeled and performed the extraction of orange juice from 500 grams of

orange fruits. Then, the two extracts were mixed in a distilled container. Then, the

mixture was set aside.

Testing the Product

Two groups of lab mice, with one male and female lab mice each, were used in

the testing, with one group being the experimental group and thus, receiving the

extracts for 25 days and the other one being the controlled group and not receiving any

extracts. The two group of lab mice was on the same cage. 2 mL of the product was

mixed in 3 mL of water. It was then poured in one of the lab mice's water container

away from the controlled group of lab mice. The controlled group of mice was observed

throughout the testing if the product will change the WBC count of the lab mice.

Data Gathering Procedure

This method used the collection of all the available data that were relevant to

the said study.

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Statistical Treatment

The Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to identify the significant

difference between the resultant WBC of the experimental group of mice with the WBC

of the controlled group of mice.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Significant Difference between the Experimental and Controlled Groups of Lab Mice

Table 4.1

WBC count of lab mice before and after applying the treatments

Lab mice with treatment Lab mice with no treatment

Gender Male Female Male Female

Before
4500 5000 4500 5000
treatment

After
5500 6500 4600 5150
treatments

Averages: 5000 5750 4550 5075

Interpretation:

Based on the table 4.1, which discusses how gender affects the effectiveness of

the treatment towards the lab mice, the chewable candy was effective on both genders,

and that gender has no significant effect in the WBC of the lab mice.
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Table 4.2

Means of the Treatments

With treatment Without treatment Average

Male Lab Mice 5000 4550 4775

Female Lab Mice 5750 5075 5412.5

Means: 5375 4812.5 5093.75

Interpretation:

Based on table 4.2, which discusses how effective the treatment is on both

groups, the male and female lab mice which were given the treatment have a higher

WBC count means than those of the lab mice without the treatment, proving that the

treatment is effective.
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Table 4.3

Sum of Squares, Degrees of Freedom and Mean Squares

Sum of Degrees of Mean Fcalc Fcrit

Variations/Factors
Squares Freedom Squares

Gender 406,406.25 1 406,406.25 1.430639 7.71

Treatment 316,406.25 1 316,406.25 1.113861 7.71

Both Gender and Treatment 748,125 1 7,488,125 26.36089 2.63663

Within Groups 1,136,250 4 284,062.5

Total: 3,112,187.5 11 8,495,000

Interpretation:

There is no significant difference between groups in terms of gender

difference as determined by two-way ANOVA, but there is a significant difference

between the two groups in terms of treatments, and thus disproving that there is a

significant difference when the first factor, which is gender, and the second factor,

which is the treatment, were combined.

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SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

The materials used for the product were 200 grams of garlic bulbs and

500 grams orange fruits. The materials were all mixed thoroughly and was put in a

distilled container and set aside for 2 hours and was shaped after.

The garlic and orange extracts were tested according to the effectiveness of the

product and the gender of the lab mice. The product made from garlic bulb and orange

fruit extracts was tested effective and there was a possibility that it can be used to

increase WBC count.

Conclusions

1. Garlic and orange extracts can be used to increase the number of WBC count.

2. The product made from garlic and orange extracts was tested effective on both

genders.

Recommendations

After the study, the researchers wants to recommend the following:

1. Find a fruit or vegetable that can improve the smell of the product.

2. Find a cheaper substitute for orange.

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APPENDICES

Significant difference between the WBC count of the lab mice given the treatment and

the WBC count of the controlled group of mice

= 0.5 Ha = at least/Difference

1.

With the treatment Controlled group Overall

Average
Before After Average Before After Average
Male 4500 5500 5000 4500 4600 4550 4775
Female 5000 6500 5750 5000 5150 5075 5412.5
Total: 9500 12000 5375 9500 9750 4812.5 5093.75

2.
Male Male Overall Grand Mean -GM ( -GM)2
Average Average( )
5000 4775 5093.75 -318.75 101 601.5625
4550 4775 5093.75 -318.75 101 601.5625
Sum of Squares: 203 203.125

3.
Female Female Overall Grand Mean -GM ( -GM)2
Average Average( )
5750 5412.5 5093.75 -318.75 101 601.5625
5075 5412.5 5093.75 -318.75 101 601.5625
Sum of Squares: 203 203.125

4. Sum of SquaresGender=SSMale+SSFemale
Sum of SquaresGender=203 203.125+203 203.125
Sum of SquaresGender=406 406.25
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5.

With With treatment Grand Mean -GM ( -GM)2

treatment Overall Average
Average ( )
5000 5375 5093.75 -281.25 79 101.5625
5750 5375 5093.75 -281.25 79 101.5625
Sum of Squares: 158 203. 125

6.

Controlled Controlled group Grand Mean -GM ( -GM)2

group Overall Average
Average
4550 4812.5 5093.75 -281.25 79 101.5625
5075 4812.5 5093.75 -281.25 79 101.5625
Sum of Squares: 158 203. 125

7. Sum of SquaresTreatment=158 203. 125=158 203. 125

Sum of SquaresTreatment=316 406.25

8.

Male Score Treatment Male Score- (Male Score-

Mean TM TM)2
With 4500 5000 -500 25000
Treatment 5500 5000 500 25000
Controlled 4500 4550 -50 2500
Group 4600 4550 50 2500
Total: 505000
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9.

Female Treatment Female Score- (Female

Score mean TM Score-TM)2
With 5000 5750 -750 562 500
Treatment 6500 5750 750 562 500
Controlled 5000 5075 -75 5 625
Group 5150 5075 75 5 625
Total: 1 136 250

10. Sum of SquaresWithin=505 000+1 136 250

Sum of SquaresWithin=1 641 250

11. Total Scores-5093.75=SSTotal

SSTotal=3 112 187.5

12. SSBoth=3 112 187.5-406 406.25-1 641 250-316 406.25

SSBoth= 748 125

13.
dfGender= k – 1 dfTreatment= k – 1 dfBoth= dfGender x dfTreatment

dfGender = 2 – 1 dfTreatment = 2 – 1 dfBoth = 1 x 1

dfGender = 1 dfTreatment = 1 dfBoth = 1

dfWithin=number of data/2

dfWithin=8/2

dfWithin=4
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14.
Variation Sum of Degrees of Mean Square F-score
Squares freedom (SS/df)
Gender 406 406.25 1 406 406.25 1.430693069
Treatment 316 406.25 1 316 406.25 1.113861386
Both 748 125 1 748 125
Error 1 136 250 4 1 136 250
Total 3 112 187.5 7

15. F-Score for Gender

Fcalc = 406 406.25/284 062.5
Fcalc=1.430693069, p=0.05
Fcrit=7.71 FAIL TO REJECT HO

16. .F-Score for Treatment

Fcalc = 316 406.25/284 062.5
Fcalc=1.138, p=0.5
Fcrit=7.71 REJECT HO
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Garlic was collected.

Garlic was peeled.

The peeled garlic was chopped using a knife.

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The peeled garlic was pounded using mortar and pestle.

The pounded garlic was squeezed to obtain the extract using a cheesecloth.

The orange fruits was peeled.

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The peeled orange fruit was squeezed to obtain the juice.

The garlic extract and the orange juice was mixed in a distilled container.

Controlled group Experimental group

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REFERENCES

Websites

Arreola, Rodrigo (2015, April). Immunomodulation and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of

Garlic Compounds. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Braverman, Jody (2018, November). The pH Levels of Apple, Orange, Grape & Cranberry

Fruit Juices. Retrieved from www.healthyeating.sfgate.com

Inoue, Susumu (2018, May). Leukocytosis. Retrieved from

www.emedicine.medscape.com

Kreisle, William H. (2010,). Decision Making in Medicine. Retrieved from

www.sciencedirect.com

Mandal, Ananya (2019, April). Leukopenia. Retrieved from www.news-medical.net

McDowell, Sandy (2017, June). What Is Leukopenia?. Retrieved from

www.healthline.com

Mikaili, Peyman (2013, October). Therapeutic Uses and Pharmacological Properties of

Garlic and Its Biologically Active Compounds. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Motteshard, Tammy D. (2015, May). Garlic. Retrieved from www.herballegacy.com

Raman, Ryan (2018, April). 7 Impressive Ways Vitamin C Benefits Your Body. Retrieved

from www.healthline.com
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Zhou, Jinghua (2010, December). Research Review into the Polysaccharide Structure and

Biological Activity of Garlic. Retrieved from www.en.cnki.com

Interviews

Sarmiento, A. (2019, July). Personal interview.

Villanueva, I. (2019, July 17). Personal interview.
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CURRICULUM VITAE

I. Personal Information

Name: Magcalas, Jerald G.

Birthday: February 04, 2004

Birthplace: Concepcion, Tarlac

Address: Corazon De Jesus Concepcion, Tarlac

Parents: Joel B. Magcalas

Irine G. Magcalas

Occupations: Electrician

Housewife

II. Educational Background

Elementary: San Miguel Elementary School

Year Graduated: S.Y. 2015-2016

High School: Benigno S. Aquino National High School