ZOOLOGY

UNIT 1B
1. WRITEAN ESSAY ON THE TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
BY BLOOD.

UNIT 2A
2. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF THE HEART OF MAN WITH THE HELP OF
NEAT LABELLED DIAGRAM.
3. WRITE NOTES ON THE WORKING OF THE HEART OF MAN

UNIT 2B
4. EXPLAIN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF URINE FORMATION.
5. DESCRIBE THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM OF MAN, GIVING THE STRUCTURE OF
NEPHRON.

UNIT 3A
6. EXPLAIN THE MECHANISM OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION.

UNIT 3B
7. GIVE A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE
BRAIN OF MAN.
8. EXPLAIN THE TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSE THROUGH A NERVE
FIBER WITH THE HELP SUITABLE DIAGRAMS.

UNIT 5A
9. DESCRIBE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF A WOMAN WITH THE
HELP OF A LABELLED DIAGRAM.
10. DESCRIBE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF A MAN. DRAW A LABELLED
DIAGRAM OF IT.
11. WRITE AN ESSAY ON DIFFERENT EVENTS THAT OCCUR DURING
DEVELOPMENT OF A HUMAN.

UNIT 6
12. WHAT ARE MULTIPLE ALLES? DESCRIBE MULTIPLE ALLES WITH THE HELP
OF ABO BLOOD GROUPS IN MAN?
13. DECRIBE CHROMOSAL THEORY OF SEX DETERMINATION.
14. WHAT IS CRISSCROSS INHERITANCE? EXPLAIN THE INHERITANCE OF
ONE SEX LINKED RECESSIVE CHARACTER IN HUMAN BEINGS.
15. WHAT IS DNA FINGERPRINTING? MENTION ITS APPLICATIONS.
16. WRITE AN ESSAY ON COMMON GENETIC DISORDERS.

UNIT 8
17. WRITE A NOTE ON OUT BREEDING.

UNIT 1A
1. DRAW A NEAT LABELED DIAGRAM OF L.S OF A TOOTH.
2. DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF DIGESTION OF PROTEINS IN THE STOMACH.
3. WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF LIVER?
4. IF YOU TAKE BUTTER IN YOUR FOOD, HOW DOES IT GET DIGESTED AND
ABSORBED IN THE BODY? EXPLAIN.

UNIT 1B
5. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR TRANSPORT MECHANISMS FOR CO2? EXPLAIN.
6. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
(a)IRV AND ERV
(b)INSPIRATORY CAPACITY AND EXPIRATORY CAPACITY
(c)VITAL CAPACITY AND TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY.
7. DECRIBE DISORDERS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
8. HOW IS RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS REGULATED IN MAN.
9. EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF INSPIRATION AND EXPIRATION UNDER
NORMAL CONDITIONS.

UNIT 2A
10. DRAW A LABELED DIAGRAM OF THE L.S OF THE HEART OF MAN.
11. DECRIBE THE EVENTS IN A CARDIAC CYCLE, BRIEFLY.
12. EXPLAIN THE MECHANISM OF CLOTTING OF BLOOD.
13. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ARTERIES AND VEINS.

UNIT 2B
14. DRAW A LABELED DIAGRAM OF THE V.S PF KIDNEY.
15. GIVE A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE COUNTER CURRENT MECHANISM.
16. DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF LIVER, LUNGS AND SKIN IN EXCRETION.
17. DIFFERENTIATE VERTEBRATES ON THE BASIS OF THE NITROGENOUS
WASTE PRODUCTS THEY EXCRETE, GIVING EXAMPLES.
18. DESCRIBE THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY OF MAN.

UNIT 3A
19.DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF A SKELETAL MUSCLE.
20. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON CONTRACTILE PROTEINS.
21. DRAW A NEAT LABELED DIAGRAM OF THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF
MUSCLE FIBER.
22. DRAW THE DIAGRAM OF A SARCOMERE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
SHOWING DIFFERENT REGIONS.
23. WHAT IS CORI’S CYCLE- EXPLAIN THE PROCESS.
24. DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF SYNOVIAL JOINT, WITH A HELP OF NEAT
DIAGRAM?
25. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON THE RIBS OF HUMAN BEING.
26. DRAW A NEAT LABELED DIAGRAM OF PELVIC GIRDLE.

UNIT 3B
27. DRAW A LABELED DIAGRAM OF THE T.S PF THE SPINAL CORD OF MAN.
28. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF THE RETINA OF THE HUMAN EYE.
29. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION.
30. LIST OUT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SYMPATHETIC AND
PARASYMPATHETIC NEURAL SYSTEMS IN MAN.

UNIT 4B
31. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON IMMUNOGLOBULINS.
32. DESCRIBE VARIOUS TYPES OF BARRIERS OF INNATE IMMUNITY.
33. EXPLAIN THE MECHANISM OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY.
34. EXPLAIN THE MECHANISM OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY.
35. EXPLAIN THE MECHANISM BY HIV MULTIPLES AND LEADS TO AIDS.
36. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON B-CELLS

UNIT 5A
37. DECRIBE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF TESTIS OF MAN.
38. DESCRIBE THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF OVARY OF WOMAN.
39. WHAT IS SPERMATOGENESIS? BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF
SPERMATOGENESIS IN MAN.
40. DRAW A LABELED DIAGRAM OF A GRAFIAN FOLLICLE.
41. DESCRIBE THE PLACENTA IN A WOMAN.
42. WHAT IS OOGENESIS? GIVE A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF OOGENESIS IN
WOMAN.

UNIT 5B
43. BRIEFLY DESCIBE THE COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN
HUMAN BEINGS.
44. DESCRIBE THE SURGICAL METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION.
45. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON ANY TWO OF THE FOLLOWING:
dist(a)IVF (b)ICSI (c)IUDs
46. SUGGEST SOME METHODS TO ASSIST INFERTILE COUPLES TO HAVE
CHILDREN.
47. IS SEX EDUCATION NECESSARY IN SCHOOLS? WHY?
UNIT 6
48. HOW IS SEX DETERMINED IN HUMAN BEINGS?
49. DESCRIBE ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FOETAKIS.
50. DESCRIBE THE GENETIC BASIS OF ABO BLOOD GROUPING.
51. DESCRIBE THE GENIC BALANCE THEORY OF SEX DETERMINATION.
52. WRITE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF ‘HGP’.
53. DESCRIBE THE STEPS INVOLVED IN DNA FINGERPRINTING TECHNOLOGY.
54. MENTION ANY TWO AUTOSOMAL GENETIC DISORDERS WITH THEIR
SYMPTOMS.
55. DESCRIBE MALE HETERO GAMETY?
56. DESCRIBE FEMALE HETERO GAMETY?

UNIT 7
57. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN HOMOLOGOUS AND ANALOGOUS ORGANS.
58. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON THE THEORY OF MUTATIONS.
59. EXPLAIN DARWIN’S THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION WITH INDUSTRIAL
MELANISM AS AN EXPERIMENTAL PROOF.
60. DISCUSS THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF SELECTIONS IN
EVOLUTION.
61. WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON NEO-DARWINISM.
62. WHAT IS MEANT BY GENETIC DRIFT. EXPLAIN THE GENETIC DRIFT USING
EXAMPLES OF FOUNDER EFFECT.

UNIT 8
63. LIST OUT THE VARIOUS STEPS INVOLVED IN MOET.
64. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON CONTROLLED BREEDING EXPERIMENTS.
65. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS FACTORS REQUIRED FOR BEE KEEPING.
66. EXPLAIN IN BRIEF STRUCTURE OF INSULIN.
67. WRITE IN BRIEF THE TYPES OF GENE THERAPY.
68. LIST OUT ANY FOUR SALIENT FEATURES OF CANCER CELLS.
69. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CANCERS.
70. WRITE ABOUT THE PROCEDURE INVOLVED IN MRI.
71. WRITE BRIEFLY ABOUT DIFFERENT WAVES AND INTERVALS IN AN ECG.
72. DISCUSS BRIEFLY THE PROCESS OF INDIRECT ELISA.
73. WRITE SHORT NOTES ON EEG.
74. DISCUSS IN BRIEF ABOUT AVIAN FLU’.
75. HONEY BEES ARE ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT. JUSTIFY.

UNIT 1A
1. GIVE THE DENTAL FORMULA OF ADULT HUMAN BEINGS.
2. BILE JUICE CONTAINS NO DIGESTIVE ENZYMES, YET IT IS IMPORTANT
FOR DIGESTION. HOW?
3. EXPLAIN THE TERMS THECODONT AND DIPHYODONT DENTITIONS.
4. WHAT IS AUTO CATALYSIS? GIVE TWO EXAMPLES.
5. NAME THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SALIVARY GLANDS OF MAN, AND THEIR
LOCATIONS IN THE HUMAN BODY?
6. WHAT IS THE HARDEST SUBSTANCE IN THE HUMAN BODY? WHAT IS ITS
ORIGIN?
7. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DEGLUTITION AND MASTICATION?
8. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ABSORPTION AND ASSIMILATION.
9. NAME DIFFERENT TYPES OF PAPILLAE PRESENT ON THE TONGUE OF
MAN?

UNIT 1B
10. DEFINE VITAL CAPACITY. WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE?
11. WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF pCO2 ON OXYGEN TRANSPORT?
12. WHAT IS TIDAL VOLUME? FIND OUT THE TIDAL VOLUME (APPROXIMATE
VALUE) IN A HEALTHY HUMAN, IN AN HOUR?
13. DEFINE OXYHAEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION CURVE? CAN YOU SUGGEST
ANY REASON FOR ITS SIGMOIDAL PATTERN?
14. WHAT IS MEANT BY CHLORIDE SHIFT?
15. NAME THE MUSCLES THAT HELP IN MORMAL BREATHING
MOVEMENTS?
16. DRAW A DIAGRAM OF OXYHAEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION CURVE.
17. WHAT ARE CONCHAE?

UNIT 2A
18. WRITE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ‘OPEN’ AND ‘CLOSED’ SYSTEMS OF
CIRCULATION.
19. NAME THE VALVES THAT GUARD THE LEFT AND RIGHT ATRIOVASCULAR
APERTURES IN MAN.
20. DEFINE CARDIAC CYCLE AND CARDIAC OUTPUT.
21. WHAT IS MEANT BY DOUBLE CIRCULATION? WHAT IS ITS
SIGNIFICANCE?
22. WHY IS ARTERIES ARE MORE ELASTIC THAN THE VEINS?
23. NAME THE HEART SOUNDS. WHEN ARE THEY PRODUCED?

UNIT 2B
24. WHAT ARE RENAL PYRAMIDS AND RENAL PAPILLAE?
25. WHAT ARE THE COLUMNS OF BERTIN?
26. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN CORTICAL AND JUXTA MEDULLARY NEPHRONS.
27. DEFINE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION?
28. DEFINE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR).
29. WHAT IS JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS?
30. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN THE
REGULATION OF URINE FORMATION?
31. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE ENZYME RENIN AND RENNIN.

UNIT 3A
32. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN RED MUSCLE FIBER AND WHITE MUSCLE FIBER?
33. NAME THE KEYSTONE BONE OF THE CRANIUM. WHERE IT IS LOCATED?
34. NAME THE EAR OS CILES AND THEIR EVOLUTIONARY ORIGIN IN HUMAN
BEINGS.
35. WHAT IS A MOTOR UNIT WITH REFERENCE TO MUSCLE AND NERVE?
36. HUMAN SKULL IS DESCRIBED AS DICONDYLIC SKULL. GIVE THE
REASONS.
37. WHAT IS TRIAD SYSTEM? WHERE IS IT LOCATED?
38. WRITE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACTIN AND MYOSIN.
39. NAME TWO CRANIAL STRUCTURES AND THEIR LOCATION.

UNIT 3B
40. NAME THE CRANIAL MENINGES COVERING THE BRAIN OF MAN.
41. WHAT IS CORPUS CALLOSUM?
42. WHY THE SYMPATHETIC DIVISION IS CALLED THORACO-LUMBAR
DIVISION?
43. WHY THE PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION IS CALLED CRANIOSACRAL
DIVISION?
44. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE REFRACTORY
PERIODS.
45. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE BLIND SPOT AND THE YELLOW SPOT.
46. WHAT IS ALL OR NONE PRINCIPLE.
47. WHAT IS ORGAN OF CORTI.
48. HOW DO RODS AND CONES OF HUMAN EYE DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER
CHEMICALLY AND FUNCTIONALLY .

UNIT 4A
49. WHAT IS ACROMEGALY? NAME THE HORMONE RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS
DISORDER.
50. WHIVH HORMONE IS CALLED ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE? WRITE THE
NAME OF THE GLAND THAT SECRETES IT.
51. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DIABETES INSIPIDUS AND DIABETES MELLITUS.
52. WHAT ARE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS?
53. WHAT IS ‘INSULIN SHOCK’?
54. WHAT IS ERYTHROPOIETIN? WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?

UNIT 4B
55. DEFINE THE NON-SPECIFIC LINES OF DEFENCE IN THE BODY.
56. “COLOSTRUM IS VERY MUCH ESSENTIAL FOR THE NEW BORN
INFANTS”.JUSTIFY.
57. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN PERFORINS AND GRANZYMES.
58. WHAT ARE AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER? GIVE ANY TWO EXAMPLES.
59. HOW CAN THE GRAFT REJECTIONS BE AVOIDED IN PATIENTS?
60. WRITE THE NAMES OF ANY FOUR MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES.

UNIT 5A
61. WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF SERTOLI CELLS OF THE SEMINIFEROUS
TUBULES AND LEYDIG CELLS IN MAN?
62. DEFINE SPERMATOGENESIS AND SPERMIATION.
63. DEFINE GESTATION PERIOD. WHAT IS THE DURATION OF GESTATION
PERIOD IN THE HUMAN BEINGS?
64. WHAT IS IMPLANTATION, WITH REFERENCE TO EMBRYO?
65. DRAW A LABELED DIAGRAM OF A SPERM.
66. WHAT IS MENSTRUAL CYCLE? WHICH HORMONE REGULATE
MENSTRUAL CYCLE?
67. WHAT IS PARTURITION? WHICH HORMONE ARE INVOLVED IN
INDUCING PARTURITION?
68. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN INVOLUTION AND INGRESSION IN THE HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT.
69. WHAT ARE THE FOUR EXTRA EMBRYONIC MEMBRANES?
70. NAME THE YELLOW MASS OF CELLS ACCUMULATED IN THE EMPTY
FOLLICLE AFTER OVULATION. NAME THE HORMONE SECRETED BY IT.
WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?

UNIT 5B
71. IT IS TRUE THAT ‘MTP’ IS NOT MEANT FOR POPULATION CONTROL’.
THEN WHY DID THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA LEGALIZE MTP?
72. WHAT IS ‘AMNIOCENTESIS’? NAME ANY TWO DISORDERS THAT CAN BE
DETECTED BY AMNIOCENTESIS.
73. MENTION THE ADVANTAGES OF ‘LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA
METHOD’.
74. WHAT ARE THE MEASURES ONE HAS TO TAKE TO PREVENT
CONTRACTING STDs?
UNIT 6
75. WHAT IS PLEITROPY?
76. WHAT ARE THE ANTIGENS CAUSING ‘ABO’ BLOOD GROUPING? WHERE
ARE THEY PRESENT?
77. WHAT ARE THE ANTIBODIES OF ‘ABO’ BLOOD GROUPING? WHERE ARE
THEY PRESENT?
78. WHAT ARE MULTIPLE ALLELES?
79. WHAT IS THE GENETIC BASIS OF BLOOD TYPES IN ABO SYSTEM IN MAN?
80. WHAT IS POLYGENIC INHERITANCE?
81. WHAT ARE BARR BODIES?
82. WHAT IS KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME?
83. WHAT IS TURNER’S SYNDROME?
84. WHAT IS DOWN SYNDROME?
85. WHAT IS LYONISATION?
86. WHAT IS ‘JUNK DNA’?
87. WHAT ARE VNTRs?
88. LIST OUT ANY TWO APPLICATIONS OF DNA FINGERPRINTING
TECHNOLOGY. WHAT IS DNA FINGERPRINTING?

UNIT 7
89. WHAT ARE PANSOERMIA?
90. DEFINE PREBIOTIC SOUP, WHO COINED THIS TERM?
91. MENTION THE NAMES OF ANY FOUR CONNECTING LINKS THAT YOU
HAVE STUDIED.
92. DEFINE BIOGENETIC LAW, GIVING AN EXAMPLE.
93. DEFINE ATAVISM WITH AN EXAMPLE.
94. WHAT IS COMMON BETWEEN DARWINISM AND LAMARCKISM?
95. WHAT IS MEANT BY GENETIC LOAD? GIVE AN EXAMPLE.
96. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN ALLOPATRIC AND SYMPATRIC SPECIATION’S.

UNIT 8
97. MENTION ANY TWO ADVANTAGES OF INBREEDING.
98. DEFINE THE TERM FISHERY.
99. EXPLAIN THE TERM HYPOPHYSATION.
100. MENTION ANY FOUR FISH BY-PRODUCTS.
101. HOW MANY AMINI ACIDS AND POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS ARE
PRESENT IN INSULIN?
102. WHAT IS POPULARLY CALLED ‘GUARDIAN ANGEL OF CELL’S
GENOME’?
103. WHAT DOES PROLONGED P-R INTERVAL INDICATE?
104. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
ANTIBODIES.
105. LIST OUT ANY FOUR FEATURES OF CANCER CELLS.
106. DIFFERENTIATE AQUA-CULTURE AND PISCI-CULTURE?
107. DEFINE THE TERM VACCINE.
108. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A DRONE AND WORKER IN HONEY BEE
COLONY.
109. MRI SCAN IS HARMLESS. JUSTIFY.
110. WHICH SUBSTANCE IN A SAMPLE ARE DETECTED BY DIRECT AND
INDIRECT ELISA RESPECTIVELY?