Some Streams of Systemic Thought KEY:

(Draft update — May 2001) white general systems

red cybernetics
*** black physical sciences
Originated in 1996 by Dr. Eric Schwarz, Neuchâtel, Switzerland. blue mathematics
Extended in 1998, including items from the The Story of Philosophy by Will Durant (1933).
Elaborated in 2000-2001 from many sources for the International Institute for General Systems Studies. magenta computers & informatics
Currently a research project of the IIGSS. green biology & medicine
--- yellow symbolic systems
This rendition is the property of the International Institute for General Systems Studies. orange social systems
All Rights Reserved. olive ecology
Errors and omissions in this chart are solely attributable to the IIGSS. gray philosophy
cyan systems analysis
purple engineering

International Encyclopedia of
Systems & Cybernetics
Charles François
1997

Teleonics
Multi-Methodology
Gyuri Jaros General Systems Theory
John Mingers Genomics
Co-creative Process Yi Lin Cultural
General Tropodynamics Social Entropy Theory Craig Venter,
Hector Sabelli Francis Collins Hegemony
Systems Semiotics Soucheng OuYang, Yi Lin Kenneth D. Bailey
USA
Luis Rocha, Critical Physics
Systemic Perspectivism Cosmological
Howard Pattee Superstrings Ronald W. Moses
Topology of Evolutionary Grand Unified Treories Physics
Meaning Knotted Systems Brian Greene, et al
Philosophy Steven Weinberg Stephen Hawking
R. Ian Flett Systemic Development Louis Kauffman Richard L. Coren
Punctuated Evolution Pansystems Informational
Cyber-semiotics Richard Bawden Evolutionary Fuzzy Systemics
Blown Up Systems Stephen J. Gould Synergy Grey Systems Microdynamics
Wu Xuemou Self-organized Anti-chaos & Vladimir Dimitrov
Søren Brier Shoucheng OuYang Homeorheotic Peter A. Corning Sifeng Liu, Yi Lin Positivism World Wide Web
Vladimir Lerner Economics Adaptation Artificial Life
Systems Total Systems Richard Dawkins Chris Langton Tim Berners-Lee Interpretive
Complex Evolutionary Whole Systems W. Brian Arthur Stuart Kauffman Symmetry
William Irwin Intervention Physics
Systems Design Appreciative Systems Physics As Scientific Philosophy
Thompson B.J. West A. Zee Philosophy of Physics
Peter M. Allen Robert Flood Harold Nelson William E. Smith Stabile Systems Interpretive Systemology Metaphor Paul C.W. Davies
Approximation- Metasystem Transition & Mathematics
Claude Bernard Ramses Fuenmayor, Rational Roger S. Jones
Turchin, Heylighen, Joslyn Biotechnology Nanotechnology F. David Peat
Hernan Lopez-Garay Estimation Theory Mechanics
Semiotic Catholicity Geometry of Meaning Fuzzy Logic
Randolph F. Lumpp Critical Systems & Reflexive Universe Bart Kosko
Socio-Cybernetics Arthur M. Young Scientific Philosophy of Physics
Eco-futurism Michael C. Jackson,
R. Felix Geyer Systems Trends Robert Flood, Internet Intuitionism John Archibald Wheeler
Hazel Henderson General Criticality Management Cybernetics Philosophy of
Kenneth E.F. Watt Werner Ulrich Systemology Communicational Cybernetics Per Bak ARPA Michael Polanyi
Social Cybernetics Peter Senge Science
Klaus Krippendorff
Literary Semiotics D.H. McNeil Infodynamics Complex Dynamical Fritjof Capra
Stuart Umpleby
Social Stanley Salthe Self-organization Systems
Umberto Eco Systemic Selfness Analysis of Rheomodal
Systems Sciento-politics Ralph Abraham
Paul Ryan Complexification Systems Tessellations Systems
Media Soft Systems Sciences Ian Mitroff
Conscientization Holonics Conrad H. Development Hyper- Laws of Form Roger Penrose David Bohm
Noetic Systems Semiotics Primate Methodology
Paolo Freire Walter J. Ong Arthur Koestler Waddington John Warfield mathematics George
H. Marshall Linguistics Peter Checkland
Charles Spencer-Brown Metaphysics of
Linguistic McLuhan Generalized
Muses Science
Mathematics Systems Ecology Fuzzy Uncertainty Gary Zukav
Neuchatel Systems
Hekki Heiskanon Howard T. Odum Hierarchy Theory J. Ford
Systemics of Evolutionary Problematiques Paradigmatic
Socio-Technical Howard H. Pattee Lofti Zadeh
Benefit Model & Planning Cybernetic Synergetics Revolutions
Postmodernism Systems
Warren Ziegler Eric Schwarz Hasan Ozbekhan Epistemology Thomas Kuhn
Harold Linstone Hermann Haken
Semio-Physics Ranulph
Management Cybernetics Objective
René Thom Autopoietic Social Geophysiology (Gaia) Glanville
Noosphere Development Barry Clemson Information
Systems Holonomic Systems James E. Lovelock of Mentation
Self-Reference Teilhard T. Stonier
Niklas Luhmann de Jardin Ken Wilber Ecological Walter Lowen Model Theory
& Autonomy
Demographics Genetic Michael Morley
Paul Ehrlich Engineering Computationism
Endosymbiosis
Bio-cybernetics Jerry A. Fodor
Lynn Margulis Geo-Impact Philosophy of
Manfried Eigen
Autopoietic Systems Chaos Theory Evolution Nature & Science
Systems Biology M.J. Feigenbaum Eugene Carl von
Cybernetic Semiosis
Primate Biodiversity Rod Swenson Robert Rosen Shoemaker Weizsäcker
Social Semiotics Douglas R.
Anthropology Sociobiology Robotics
Floyd Merrell Hofstadter
Relativism Jane Goodall Edward O. Wilson
Mathematical Cellular Artificial Scientific
Ecology Psychology Green Philosophy
Automata Neural Nets Rapid
Revolution Complex Systems
Radical C.S. Holling R.D. Luce Miniaturized Jacques Monod
Synergetics II Norman (Santa Fe Institute) Collateration Dissipative
Constructivism Designing Systems Computing
Bela H. Banathy R. Buckminster Borlaug & Hypertext Systems
Ernst von Sociometrics Systems Dynamics Software Modern Theoretical Physics
Environmentalism Fuller Ted Nelson Ilya
Glasersfeld Jay W. Forrester, Measurement
David Brower Knowledge Prigogine
Donella Meadows Capers Jones Epistemology of Science
Sciences
Metamodeling Paradoxical Systematics Telecommunications Brian Gaines Sir Arthur Eddington
Social Ecology
Bio-semiosis John Van Gigch Imagery Philosophy Ernst Mayr & Data Bases
General Systems Psycho- Eric Trist,
Jesper Fred Emery M.C. Escher of Biology James Martin
Intensional Evolution Metrics
Hoffmeyer Erich Jantsch Morton O.
Logic General Systems Beckner Chaotic Systems Hypervisors
Montague Modeling Edward Lorenz
Social Psychology George Klir
Willis F. Overton Emulation
Pattern
Communicative General Systems Management Ethology Recognition
Cognitive
Action Thinking Science Konrad Lorenz
Economics Science
Jürgen Gerald M.
Paul Samuelson Weinberg Systems Allen Newell
Semiotic Habermas Cognitive Genetic
Philosophy Wholistic Biology Model Theory
Umwelt Psychology Algorithms Software Alfred Tarski
Jakob von Mario Bunge Barry Commoner
New Criticism Aaron Beck Theory
John Crowe Uexküll
Ransom Structured
Developmental Software
Autopoietic Psychology Yourdon,
Holonics
Systems Constantine
Linguistic Logic Techno- Jeffrey Algorithmic
Humberto Species Cybernetics , DeMarco,
Jerrold J. Katz Psychology Stamps Complexity
Cognitive Maturana, Lotka & Voltarra
Francisco Bifurcated Theory Geological
Linguistics Perceptual
Varela Cultures Group Conversation G. Chaitin Tectonics
George Lakoff & Control
R.W. Langacker Ecological C.P. Snow Psycho- Dynamic Theory
Gordon Pask Theory
Family Cybernetics Biology
Critical Theory of William T.
Garrett Hardin Control
Society Systems Powers Catastrophe
General Semiotics System
Deconstructionism Max Horkheimer, Therapy Theory
Thomas Sebeok Engineering
Theodor Adorno Watzlewick Psycho- René Thom
Jacques Derrida Narratology Earth as Organism Physics Modern
Roland Barthes Vladimir Vernadsky Systems Engineering Statistics
Social Social Harold Chestnut, Jerzy Neyman
Political Psychology Psychology Holographic Andrew P. Sage
Systemics Abraham Kurt Lewin Systems
Anthony Wilden Maslow Karl Pribram
Relativity of Problem-
General Systems Artificial
Psycholinguistics Rationalites Automata Sovling
Philosophy Feyerabend Living Systems Theory Intelligence Nonlinear
Applied Eco-pathology Earth as Ervin Laszlo Social Cybernetics James Grier Miller Marvin Minsky Systems
General Semantics Rachel Carson Organism Geoffrey Vickers
S.I. Hayakawa Yevgraf Second Order Mathematical Topology
Econometrics Philosophy of Cybernetics
Urban Korolenko
Appreciative Philosophy of Systems Heinz von Foerster Interpersonal Control Theory Simulation Numerical
Systems Ecology Archie Bahm Analysis
Transformational Behavioral Law Psychology
Gregory Louis Wirth Systems Analysis
Linguistics Psychology Hans Kelsen R.D. Laing General Informatics
Bateson Inquiring Systems Arthur D. Hall,
Naom Chomsky B.F. Skinner Purposeful Systems Systems (Computer Science Information
C. West Churchman Modeling Van Court Hare
Russell L. Ackoff Theory & Engineering) Theory
J.L. le Moigne
Majilo L. Brillouin
Viable Systems
Mesarovic Linear &
Stratificational Stafford Beer
Tagmemics Critical Ontology Dynamic Programming Nonlinear
Kenneth L. Pike Grammar
Michel Foucault Richard Bellman Mathematics
Sydney Lamb Immunization John Casti
Jonas Salk
Biosphere Ecodynamics Operating Systems Statistical
Eduard Suess Kenneth Brooks et al Biology Intrinsic
Boulding Calculus of Karl Pearson Uncertainty
Linkage
Systems Cybernetics Variations Heisenberg
Phonology Literary Propositions
Philosophy Clinical W. Ross Ashby
Criticism Psychology Philosophy Len Troncale DNA
I.A. Richards of Art and Topology of Crick, Operating Languages Intuitionism
Standardized Language of Systems Directive
Linguistics Cybernetics Watson Kenneth Iverson et al Operating L.E.J. Brouwer
Thomas Correlation
Susanne K. Warren hardware
C.K. Ogden Cowan Sommerhoff
Morphology Langer McCulloch Algorithms Blauw et al
Sociological Systems Donald Knuth Category
Ecology Decision
Systems Anthropology Theory
General Semantics Theory
Walter Buckley Developmental Margaret Mead Game Saunders Fractal Systems Quantum Systems
Alfred Korzybski, Semantic Theory Geometrodynamics
Structuralism Rotational Theory Mac Lane Benoit Planck, Bohr,
PERT Sructuralist Albert Einstein
Jean Piaget Donald MacKay Mandelbrot de Broglie, Dirac,
Invariance Mathematics
Linguistic Science Sociolinguistics P.W. Bridgeman Delphi Schrödinger
Geometric Bourbaki
Leonard Bloomfield
Queuing Programming
Structuralism Utility
Computational Modern Mathematical Theory
Claude Theory Information Encoding
Linguistics Levi-Strauss Economics Experimentalism Social Science Time
Theory Schemes
John Maynard E.A. Singer Anatol Rapoport Dilation
Keynes Linear Claude R.W. Hamming Evolutionary
Phonemes Analytical Organic Lorentz
Programming Shannon Systematization
Roman Jakobson Philosophy Chemistry
Gilbert Sciences Liebig Pierre Duhem
Tropology
Ryle Psychological Optimality of the
Modeling Social
Critical General Systems Logical Positivism
Theory Artificial Industrial
Design
Clark Hull Anthropology Herbert Associative Algebras
Instrumental Epistemology
Bronislaw A.J. Ayer Simon
Pragmatism Karl Popper William Clifford Inorganic
Social Systems Malinowsky
John Dewey Operations Research Chemistry
Talcott Parsons Symbolic Logic
Comparative Linguistics Tektology
A.A. Bogdanov First Order Cybernetics Willard Van
Benjamin Lee Whorf General System Theory Antibacterials Orman Quine
Ludwig von Bertalanffy Alexander Fleming
Sociology Morphogenesis Operational Research
Semantic Pragmatism Analytic
Emil D'Arcy Russell L. Ackoff,
Glossematics Ludwig Wittgenstein Psychology Holism Thompson Cybernetics Stafford Beer
Durkheim Molecular Analytic Mechanics
Louis Hjelmslev Carl Jung Jan Smuts Organizing relations Norbert Wiener Genetics Electronic Digital Systems Joseph-Louis
Needham, Woodger Computing Analysis Electromagnetic
Applied Lagrange
Eckert & Mauchly Propagations
Mathematics
Heinrich Hertz
Industrial Sociology John von Neumann
Homeostatic Systems Logical Positivism G. Elton Mayo Algebraic
Structuralist Systems & Metalogic
Anthropological Walter Cannon Positivism Rudolf Carnap Functions
Structural Linguistics Psychology Conceptualism Procedures Theory of Computation Alonzo Church Metalogic Analytic Functions Periodic
Linguistics Josef Bernhard
N.S. Trubetzkoy Edward Titchener Ernst Cassirer Historicism Alan M. Turing Kurt Gödel Riemann Leonhard Euler Table
Edward Sapir Popper-Lynkeus Antisepsis
Benedetto Croce Organicism Number Theory Dmitry
Lister Mendeleev
Organicism & Process Edward Stuart Russell G.H. Hardy
Alfred North Whitehead Mathematical
Logic Quaternions
Bertrand William
Realism Hamilton
Atomisitc Positivism & Empirical Mathematical Russell
G.E. Moore
Linguistics Sociology Positivism Biology Metric
Antoine Fabre Evolutionary Emergent Process Ernst Mach Units
Auguste Comte A.J. Lotka
d'Olivet Comparative Philosophy Samuel Alexander Measure Theory Scientific Management
Dialectical Pan-ecology Anthropology Giuseppe Peano Frederick W. Taylor
Process Herbert Spencer
Naturalism John Muir Franz Boas Classical Physics
Henri Colonial Statistics Coherentism
Friedrich Gestalt Karl Pearson Electronic Digital Perturbation
Engels Bergson Hegemony Otto Neurath Prototype
Dialectical Psychology Theory
British Empire Atanasoff & Berry
Etymology Materialism Experimental Max
Comparative Karl Marx Existentialism Wertheimer Ecological Projective Sturm- Mathematics of
Jacob Grimm Psychology Psychological Linguistic Algebra of Logic
Martin Heidegger Evolution Geometry Louiville Feedback &
Languages Wilhelm Psychoanalysis Biostructures Ernst Schröder
Pragmatism Theory Electrodynamics Statistical
William Jones Wundt Comparative Ernst Haeckel Georg Cantor
Political William James Jacques Lacan (chirality) James Mechanics
Sociological Psychology
Sociology Phenomenology Gestalt Louis Pasteur Clerk-Maxwell J. Willard
Ethnolinguistics C. Lloyd Morgan
Max Weber Max Scheler Psychology Gibbs
Wilhelm von
Humboldt Perspectivism Wolfgang Formalism
Friedrich Nietzsche Köhler Genetics Mathematical Logic Tabulating Machine
Empirical David Hilbert
Psychoanalysis William Bateson Gottlob Frege Herman Hollerith Classical
Metaphysics
George Henry Sigmund Freud Conservation of matter Atomic Thermodynamics
Competitive Tectonic Clausius,
Lewes Engineering Antoine Lavoisier Weights
Eugenics Evolution Symbolic Logic Boltzmann Electromagnetism
Personalism John Roebling John Dalton
Francis Thomas Huxley George Boole Ampere, Kirchhoff,
Renouvier
Will & Idea in Nature Faraday et al
Eigenvalues &
Arthur Schopenhauer Superposition
Economic Programming Model Theory
Daniel Conventionalism
Cybernetics Dialectical Pragmatic Semiotics Ada Lovelace Bernhard Conservation
Bernouli Henri Poincaré
David Ricardo Idealism Clinical Determinism Bolzano of Energy
Charles S. Peirce
Georg Hegel Critical Philosophy of Laplace Vorticles
Nature Philosophy Empirical Progressivism Natural Evolution Psychiatry Joule
Phenomenology History Benjamin Rush Symbolic Logic William
von Schelling Utilitarianism Condorcet Charles Darwin Analytical Engine
Edmund Husserl Linear Double Thomson
J.S. Mill Wilhelm Dilthey 1809-1881 Charles Babbage Augustus de Morgan
Analysis Field
Refraction
Dirichlet Theory
Inheritance Augustin
Evariste Fresnel Magnetism
Gregor Mendel Methodized Galois Group Theory Astronomical
Evolution Materialism Gauss
Applied Imperial Encyclopedias Felix Klein Measurement
Alfred Wallace Conditional Denis Diderot
Transcendentalism Hegemony Enlightenment Johann Pierre Mechain Formal
Probability Heinrich Linear
Henry David Napoleon Jean d'Alembert Regularity
Mathematical Thomas Bayes Alsted Analysis
Thoreau Programmable Loom Zhu Xi
Economics J. Fourier
Utilitarianism Joseph-Marie Jacquard
Antoine Cournot Feedback governor
Jeremy Bentham James Watt
Moral Intentionality
Philology, Linguistics Philosophy Franz Brentano
& Grammar Friedrich Circulation Electrostatics
Constitutional Psychoanalysis Instrumental
Schiller William Harvey Benjamin Franklin
Pragmatism Demographic Josef Breuer Rationality
Biological Linear Algebra
Transcendentalism James Madison Cybernetics Peter Ramus Arithmometer
Evolutionary Gradual Geological Evolution Benjamin Peirce
Ralph Waldo Thomas Malthus Charles de Colmar Classical Mathematics Mechanistic
Emerson Organicism Evolution Jean Lamarck Physics
Saint-Simon Charles Lyell
Ethnolinguistics Empirical Isaac Newton
Johann Herder Human Science Sensationalism Bio-Taxonomy
Transcendental Determinism Carolus Linnaeus
Structuralistic Idealism Giambattista Vico Etienne Condillac
Voltaire
Semiology Johann Fichte Critical Transcendental
Ferdinand de Idealism Microbials
Saussure Immanuel Kant von Leeuwenhoek Analytic Geometry Pendulum Clock &
Heredity Pierre de Fermat Wave Theory of Light
Political Hegemony
P-L. de Maupertuis Christiaan Huygens
Frederick the Great
Philosophy of the Whole Geological Idealistic Liberalism
Baruch Spinoza Superorganism Immaterial William Godwin
James Hutton Meta-Skepicial Empiricism
Empiricism George Mathematical Mechanical Calculator
David Hume Berkeley Wilhelm Schickard
Nominalism Probability Theory Polymath Physics
Gottfried von Leibniz Blaise Pascal Algebra
Cosmological Unity Mechanistic Materialism Robert Hooke
Clinical Medicine Bhaskara
Giordano Bruno Julien La Mettrie
Thomas Sydenham Abstraction of
Mathematical Physical Laws Physical Chemistry
Economics Democratic Idealism Galileo Galilei Robert Boyle
Vilfredo Pareto Formalized Classical Biology
Thomas Jefferson Rationalistic Logic
Dualism Number Theory
René Descartes Marin Mersenne
Mathematical
Political Astronomy
Political Pragmatism Romanticism J. Kepler
J.J. Rousseau Chemical Medicine Psychological
John Locke Aureolus Paracelsus Logical Nominalism Determinism Algebra
Political Economy Jean Buridan Fibonacci
Thomas Hobbes Algebra
Adam Smith Natural Philosophy Omar Khayyam
Nicholas von Cusa
Skepticism
Michel Scientific Empiricism
Nominalism Montaigne Roger Bacon
Politics of Cynicism Renaissance William of Ockham
Niccolo Machiavelli Platonism Medicine
Giovanni Pico Moses Engineering Design
Maimonides Leonardo da Vinci Observational
Astronomy
Scientific Tycho Brahe
Anatomical Medicine Neo-Platonism Algebra
Positivism
Anreas Vesalius Printing Francis Bacon Plotinus Brahmagupta
Scholasticical Polymath Philosophy Johannes
Roman Stoicism Empiricism Nicholas Oresme Gutenberg
Seneca Thomas Aquinas Heliocentric Astronomy
Scholasticical Rational
Sciences Voluntarism Nicolaus Copernicus
Albertus Magnus John Duns Scotus Scientific Method
Manual Robert Grosseteste
Scholastical Logic, Critical Philology Imperial Hegemony
Transcriptions
Dialectic & Linguistics Desiderius Erasmus Roman Empire
Monastic Scribes
Peter Abelard
Stoicism
Marcus Aurelius Scholasticism Conic Sections
Meta-languages & Saint Anselm Medicine Apollonius
Linguistics Guy de Chauliac
U. of Nalanda, India Humanism
Petrarch Military
Religious Stoicism Hegemony
Epictetus Algebra
Alexander Diophantus
Politics of Benefit Illuminationism the Great
Roman Stoicism Cicero Saint Augustine Geocentric
Poseidonius Rationalism Astronomy
Diogenes of Babylon Averroës Engineering Algebra
Aryabhata Ptolemy
Archimedes
Rationalism Geometry
Roman Stoicism Avicenna Euclid
Propositional Logic
Panaetius Observational
Chrysippus
Astronomy
Medicine Hipparchus
Rosetta Stone
Religious Stoicism Avenzoar Rational Philosophy
Egypt
Cleanthes Medicine Aristotle
Taddeo Alderotti 384-322BC
Positivism
Lucretius Idealistic Philosophy Geometry
Dialectic Documentary
Stoicism Plato Theudius Sociality
& Narrative & Self
Zeno of Citium
Confucius
Cynic
Cynicism Philosophy
Diogenes Antisthenes Positivism
Epicurus Indian
Fluxation Democratic Development Astronomy Philosophy
& Unified Opposites Pericles Mathematics of Eudoxus
Heraclitus Anatomical
c. 540-480 B.C. Medicine Concentric Spheres
Sophistic Callippus
Galen Pagan Celts Philosophy
Language & Positivism Socrates
Harmony of Opposites
Symbolism Aristapippas
Lao Tzu
c. 570-490 B.C. Medicine
Hieroglyphics Reciprocities
Celsus Anaximander
I Ching Mayans Democracy Dialectic
Recyclical Universe Atomism
2000-1000 B.C. Cleisthenes Zeno of Elea
Hindu Mythology Binary Numbers Mathematical Philosophy Democritus
YinYang
Fu Xi Regularized China Pythagoras
Law c.580-500BC Naturalism
Divination Ideographics Language Solon Atomism Philosophy Sophism
Elementalism Thales
Philosophy of Irregularity Chinese Indo-Europeans Systematic Medicine Leucippus Archelaus Protagoras
River Map & Luo Book Unity & Stasis Empedocles
Alphabet Hippocrates
Pictographics Hieroglyphics Parmenides Philosophy of Regularity
Aboriginals Phoenicians Apocalyptic
Cuneiform Egyptians Dualism Astronomy
Practical Medicine Heroic Legends
Sumerians Zoroaster Philosophy Babylon
Egyptians Homer
c.628-551BC Anaxagoras