Milling is a term that describes the processes of converting paddy into rice.

A rice milling system can be a simple

one or two step process, or a multistage
process. In a one step milling process, husk and bran removal are done in one pass
and milled or white rice is produced directly out of paddy. In a two step process,
removing husk and removing bran are done separately, and brown rice is produced as
an intermediate product. In multistage milling, rice will undergo a number of different
processing steps.

Huller consists of a ribbed Cast Iron cylinder mounted on a rotating shaft, fitted inside a cylindrical
housing. The bottom half of the housing is fitted with a slotted sheet. The
axial movement of paddy is accomplished by the truncated screw on the rotor. The grain
fldw and degree of milling are controlled by adjusting the position of the brake plate.
Friction between the grains and steel parts of the huller causes husk and bran to be
scraped off. This mixture of ground husk and bran along with fine brokens pass through
the slotted screen of the housing. A mixture of polished rice and husk is delivered from
the discharge end of the huller. Husk is aspirated off to collect polished rice. i
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In hullers, paddy is subjected to excessive pressure and friction which result in heating,
low output and high breakage. Average rice recovery, especially in the case of raw rice,
is low - 63% or even less. Since dehusking and polishing operations are combined, the
by-products, husk and bran are mixed together and the economic value of this resultant
mix rather low. Also, the specific energy consumption of the huller mill is high.

Sheller : Machine used to remove husk from paddy.

Shelling : The process of removing husk from paddy: A190 called . dehusking.
RUBBER ROLL DESHUSKER

These are the most commonly used type of dehuskers in the modem rice mills. In fact,
modern rice mills are characterized by the presence of these types of shellers.
Rubber-roll sheller consists of two rubber rollers
rotating in opposite directions at different peripheral
speeds (Fig. 10.12). One roller is fixed in position
and the other is adjustable laterally in order to
adjust the clearance between the two rolls. These
rollers are generally spring loaded (however, the
newer machines have a pneumatic system). The
difference in peripheral speed along with the
spring load subjects the paddy grains falling in to
the roll nip to compression and shear which strips
off the husk. Rolls are cooled by blowing air on
a the roll surface. Comparatively higher 'shelling
rubber roll Dehusker percent can be maintained in these shellers as
compared to others.
Stoner with aspirator (Japan) The main purpose of this machine is to “move dust and stone from paddy
effectively, It seprates immature Paddy also The system can be used independently or in combination
with other cleaning systems (Satake, 1973).

The bulk of the iron particles mixed with the paddy is removed during the
normal precleaning operation as large or small impurities. If no special stoner is
installed, iron particles of about the same size as the grains can only be removed by
magnetic separators. Nevertheless, we have to take into account that bolts and nuts
from the paddy processing machines may get loose any time and if not removed can
seriously damage the processing equipment. Therefore, magnetic separators are
installed not only in precleaning equipment but also in husk separators and the
discharge spouts of elevators.
There are simple permanent magnets for machines and/or discharge spouts
(Fig. 106, A, B). Another type of permanent magnetic separator is a rotating brass
cylinder passing over a half-round permanent magnet (Fig. 106, C). The grain film is
transported by the rotating cylinder that unloads the grain in the discharge spout (1),
but holds the iron particles attracted on its surface because of the magnet. When the cylinder is not
moving over the magnet, the iron is automatically released and is
discharged separately (2). In some of the larger rice mills special high-capacity
magnetic separators are installed for mechanical and continuous discharge of the
iron. Most of the magnetic separators are of the permanent type; however,
electromagnets may also be used.

Compartment – type separator:

The oscillating table is divided into zig zag channels and is inclined from one
side to the other along the zig zag channels. The surface of the table is of smooth steel.
The table oscillates cross wise, i.e perpendicular to the direction of the channels. The
mixture of paddy and brown rice is fed from the hopper to the center of the channels. The
impact of the grains on the sides of each channel causes the unhusked paddy grains to
move up the inclined slope toward high side of the table. The dehusked brown rice slides down
the slope to the low side of the table. The slope and stroke of the table are adjusted
to meet the needs of paddy of different size or condition and to ensure complete
separation. Usually there are several decks one above the other.
Tray

SEM

• This is a process applied to rice in order to obtain de-branned rice grain, and also
rice bran and rice oil as separate products. The SEM process cannot strictly be
described either as a dry-milling or as a wet-milling process, although it involves
stages which could be included in each of these categories. The customary method
for milling rice uses abrasion of the rice grain in a dry condition to remove bran
 from the endosperm (cf. p. 160). In the SEM process (also called X-M) the bran
layers are first softened and then ‘wet-milled’ in the presence of a rice oil solution.
The separated bran has a higher protein content than that of the

residual grain, is virtually fat-free, and is thus much more stable than that separated in the
conventional dry milling process.

In the SEM process (U.S. Pat. No. 3,261,690), rice oil is applied to brown rice (de-hulled
rough rice) in controlled amounts, and softening of the bran is accomplished. The bran is
removed by milling machines of modified conventional design in the presence of an oil
solvent rice oil/hexane miscella. The miscella acts as a washing or rinsing medium to aid in
flushing bran away from the endosperm, and as a conveying medium for continuously
transporting detached bran from rice. The miscella lubricates the grains, prevents rise of
temperature, and reduces breakage.

The de-branned ,rice is screened, rinsed and drained, and the solvent removed in two
stages. Super-heated hexane vapour is used to flushevaporate the bulk of the hexane
remaining in the rice, and the rice is subjected to a flow of inert gas which removes the last
traces of the solvent.

Polishing involves the removal of bran layers which may be brought about either by
abrasion with an external rough surface or due to friction between rice grains itself.
Cone polisher makes use of an abrasive surface to scratch off the bran layers.
Horizontal friction polisher: the machine consists of cylindrical steel roller rotating
inside a hexagonal perforated screen. The cylinder has a long slit along its length and a
hollow shaft for passing air. The clearance between the screen and cylinder is adjustable
by opening or closing the screen. The pressure on the rice is further controlled by hanging
weights on the discharge gate. A strong stream of air is blown by a centrifugal blower
through the hollow shaft and long slit of the cylinder. The air helps in separating the bran
and removing the heat generated by the friction between rice and rice.