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Implementation And Impact

Of
Dhaka Metro Rail Project
On
Bangladesh

Course: Bangladesh Studies

Course Code: G201

Date: 06/10/2018
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SUBMISSION DETAILS

Submitted to:
Md. Mosta Gausul Hoque,PMP
Guest Faculty, IBA
The University of Dhaka

Submitted By:
Mir Tahseen Ali (Roll: 05)
Ichiro Azeez (Roll: 17)
Ahnaf Rafeen Shah (Roll: 85)
Shadman Mokim Ahmed (Roll: 107)
Sabbir Ahmed Himel (Roll:115)
BBA 25th, Section: A
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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Dear Sir
We are submitting the report titled, “Implementation And Impact Of Dhaka Metro
Rail Project On Bangladesh". This report has been prepared to fulfill the partial
requirements of the course, “Bangladesh Studies”. The primary objective of this
study is to examine how the metro rail project’s development is going to influence
the country’s economy as a whole. We are thankful to all those persons who provided
us important information and gave us valuable advices. We would be happy if you
read the report carefully and we will be trying to answer all the questions that you
have about the assignment. We have tried our label best to complete this assignment
meaningfully and correctly, as much as possible. We do believe that our tiresome
effort will help you to get ahead with this sort of venture. In this case, it will be
meaningful to us.

Sincerely,

Mir Tahseen Ali Ahnaf Rafeen Shah ShadmanMokim Ahmed

(Roll:05) (Roll:85) (Roll:107)

Ichiro Azeez Sabbir Ahmed Himel

(Roll:17) (Roll:115)
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

With a population of over 14 million people Dhaka city the capital of Bangladesh,
has become one of the most traffic congested cities in the world. As each day passes
by the city develops and its economy grows however the traffic situation still
remains a grim reality for its inhabitants. In the absence of a dependable and
adequate public transport system, most of the roads remain occupied by vehicles
with very little capacity. Currently, the notable mass transit facility within the city
in the form of Government and privately-owned buses, and a very few railway routes
are overburdened with the ever-increasing demand of a better and modern
commuting system within the city. In order to mitigate this problem, the Bangladesh
Government introduced the city’s mass transit mode. In 1998, Bangladesh
Government created the Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority. An urban
transport plan was commissioned in 2008, wherein the Government laid out a
comprehensive transport plan naming Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Greater
Dhaka City and its adjoining areas. The plan looked at various Key Policy issues
including safety, pedestrian preferences, public transport, non-motorized transport,
travel demand management, mass transit systems, etc. In June 2013, Dhaka Mass
Transit Company Limited (DMTC) was established by the Government to
implement the Metro Rail Lines across the city.

Due to lack of time and resources we have limited our research to only one line, the
one currently being constructed the Dhaka MRT Line-6. MRT LINE-6 is being
implemented to make life easier, for everyone in Dhaka. It will run all the way from
Uttara to Motijheel, covering the distance of 18.9 kilometers, with 16 stations along
the way. There will be 24 sets of Trains each set consisting of 6 cars initially, with
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a plan for expanding to 8 cars per set in the future. The Viaduct of the MRT line-6
will be generally 10.4m high. In order to reduce vibration and noise, Floating Slab
Track (FLS), Continuous Welded Rails (CWR) and Noise Barrier wall will be
installed wherever necessary.

It is estimated that during peak hours the trains will run every 4 minutes 30 seconds
in 2021, and every 3 minutes 45 seconds in 2026. In 2021 an estimated 5 lakh people
will commute by MRT Line-6 every day. Once finished, it will be the most time
efficient, reliable, safe, comfortable and environment friendly solution, that will
transform Dhaka into a more active, commutable and sustainable city. Our task for
this project was to analyze the impact of this project we also implemented the
progress of this project.
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Table of Contents Page Number

Cover Page 01
Submission Details 02
Letter of Transmittal 03
Executive Summary 04
Table of Contents 06
Background 07
Rationale 08
Objectives 08
Scopes 10
Methodology 11
Limitations 13
Literature Review 14
The Findings 16
Recommendations 22
Conclusion 23
References 24

Total Number of pages and words: 25 pages and 4521 words

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BACKGROUND

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh is one of the most highly populated and traffic
congested cities in the world with an ever-increasing population of over 14 million.
With continued economic growth and development, unbearable traffic congestion
all around the city has become a grim reality for its inhabitants. The congestion and
pollution problems are rapidly growing due to rapid urbanization. In the absence of
a dependable and adequate public transport system, most of the roads remain
occupied by vehicles with very little capacity. Currently, the notable mass transit
facility within the city in the form of Government and privately owned buses, and a
very few railway routes are overburdened with the ever increasing demand of a better
and modern commuting system within the city.

Under the Road Transport and Highways Division of the Ministry of Road Transport
and Bridges, the Government took up the Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit Development
Project (DMRTDP). In June 2013, Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited (DMTC)
was established by the Government to implement the Metro Rail Lines across the
city. It will run all the way from Uttara to Motijheel, covering the distance of 18.9
kilometers, with 16 stations along the way. The stations are Uttara North, Uttara
Center, Uttara South, Pallabi, Mirpur-11, Mirpur-10, Kazipara, Shewrapara,
Agargaon, Bijoy Sarani, Farmgate, Karwan Bazar, Shahbagh, Dhaka University,
Bangladesh Secretariat and Motijheel. The approximate travel time will be a little
over half an hour.

Once finished, it will be the most time efficient, reliable, safe, comfortable and
environment friendly solution, that will transform Dhaka into a more active,
commutable and sustainable city.
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RATIONALE

As mentioned below the objective of this report is to find out the progress of the
construction of the Metro Rail Project and what areas will the construction of this
mega project have affect, the rationale of our study will be the reasoning behind our
objectives. Primarily we can denote that the Metro Rail Project is a mega project
costing Tk 22,000 crore and promises to carry 60,000 passengers/hour. The 20km
Metro Rail route will be constructed from Uttara to Bangladesh Bank having 16
stops and its construction will significantly reduce travel time from one end to the
other to 36 minutes from at least two hours. The project will save of Tk 200 billion/
year, equivalent to 1.5% gross domestic production (GDP) and 17% of the total tax
revenue. Such a high budget mega project with so much aspiration deserves proper
attention. Hence, the rationale for our report will be to observe how the metro rail
project’s development is going to influence the country’s economy as a whole.

OBJECTIVES

Currently Dhaka city is becoming unbearable to live in and a main factor responsible
for this is the overwhelming traffic that clogs the roads every day. In order to solve
such a national crisis several development projects are being undertaken by the
government. Among them, most important and common issue is to reduce car use
and increase the use of public transport. In 2013, under the Road Transport and
Highways Division of the Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges, the Dhaka Mass
Rapid Transit Development Project (DMRTDP) was taken up by the Government.

Our objective for this report is to find out the progress in the construction of the
Metro rail project undertaken by the government and what are the areas that will be
affected by the construction of the Metro Rail Project.
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1) The Dhaka Metro Project will finance the construction of a metro line in
Dhaka as the backbone public transport system in an integrated urban
transport system for the city.
2) The Dhaka Metro Project will improve the urban transport system by
constructing a high-capacity metro line, which will be integrated with the
Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lines under
construction. The development of the metro line as an environmentally
friendly, safe and reliable mode of transport will be based on the findings of
the Revised Strategic Transport Plan (RSTP) and coordinated with further
investments by development partners. It will also be coordinated with the
proposed urban development and land use strategies and will promote a high
level of integration with other modes of public transport and road transport.
The metro line will be integrated with the railway system to serve as an
environmentally friendly, reliable and safe access to railway services. The
tariff for the metro shall be integrated with other modes of public transport.
3) The project is in line with ADB's Country Partnership Strategy 2011-2015, as
it supports easing congestion in Dhaka by improving public urban transport .
The project is a large stand-alone project, which will be processed as a
multitranche financing facility (MFF) to finance slices of long-term contract
packages with a long-term implementation plan (time-slicing).
4) The impact will be economic activities, the environment, and health of
residents of Dhaka improved. The outcome will be improved efficiency of the
public transport system in Dhaka. The outputs will be (i) metro infrastructure
constructed and commissioned; and (ii) project implementation capacity
strengthened.
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SCOPES

 Dhaka Metro rail project is expected to have a total cost of about 22000 crore
in BDT.
 Metro rail is expected to use its half of the total 20.10 kilometer journey by
the end of 2019
 It will have 16 stops from Bangladesh Bank to Uttara and will have a carrying
capacity of 60000 passengers
 The Dhaka metro Rail project will save about 200 billion BDT per year which
is equivalent to 1.5% GDP
 Nippon Koei LTD is leading the project and is consulting partners with Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation LTD, Mott McDonald LTD India and UK
Development Design Consultants LTD Bangladesh
 The 12km of the part that will be open by the end of 2019 is from Uttara to
Agargaon.
 12 trains would operate every three minutes and will carry about 60000
passengers in both directions according to the Japan International Cooperation
Agency.
 The Bangladesh government has allocated 3,425.83 Crore BDT for the project
in the FY 2018, which is roughly about 64% of the amount it was supposed
to cost.
 The second phase of the project, which is from Agargaon to Bangladesh Bank,
will be completed by the December of 2020. Then the service will have 24
trains instead of the initial six. All the trains are the products of the Japanese
company Mitsubishi.
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 The project is being supervised by Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority

while the government-owned Dhaka Mass Transit Company Ltd is
implementing it

METHODOLOGY

For this research purpose, we collected existing data that would be the archival
research for our project. Secondary data was collected from resources available
online on the Dhaka Metro Rail and its impact in the nation. This part of research
was done to get an idea of the progress leading to the current situation of the
transportation system of Bangladesh. Primary research like surveys were not
possible due to limitations of information from government officials. Aside from all
of that, we also observed the changes that have been seen in the past year that has
been due to the plans and construction of the metro rail be it business and residential
area preference and construction. The real-time update of the project in the Dhaka
Mass Transit Company Ltd. Website (https://www.dmtc.org.bd/) was used until the
very last date of the research. All the data was then compiled and analyzed to figure
out any existing flaws and the benefits of the project that is underway to observe
how the metro rail project’s development is going to affect the country’s economy
as a whole. To ensure timely completion we summarized or activities in sequential
order and recorded our completion of activities in the RACI matrix action plan given
below.

Activities

1. Group meeting
2. Secondary Research phase 1
3. Secondary Research phase 2
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4. Compilation of Information phase 1

5. Real-time update of the project
6. Compilation of Information phase 2
7. Formation of final report structure
8. Writing draft report
9. Proof reading and financial report
10.Presentation preparation

RACI Matrix with action plan

Sl.no. Timeline Mokim Tahseen Sabbir Ahnaf Ichiro

1. 1/8/18 R R R R R

2. 1-4/8/18 C I A R

3. 5-6/8/18 I R S C

4. 5-10/9/18 R C R I

5. 11-12/9/18 A C A R

6. 13-14/9/18 A A R

7. 15-16/9/18 R R RA R R

8. 16-21/9/18 R R RA R R

9. 24-25/9/18 C R R C I

10. 26-29/9/18 C I RA
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LIMITATIONS
There are some limitations that we need to keep in mind going into this project.
While some limitations can be avoided others are inevitable so certain steps have
been taken to minimize the effects of this limitations. Some of these limitations are:

1. Time- Time is a huge factor while doing this project. The metro rail system is
a huge project in Bangladesh, costing the government over 2.8 billion dollars.
The construction for this project started back in 26 June 2016 and said to be
completed sometime around the end of 2019 or beginning of 2020. Since this
is a huge project we do not have sufficient time to cover all the aspects of this
project.
2. Information- Not being linked to any politician or having any connections
with BRTC will make it very difficult for us to get inside information on the
progress of the project. On top of that since work is being done by foreign
companies, the Italian-Thai Development Public Company Limited and
Sinohydro Corporation Limited JV, it will be even tougher to get insight on
the project.
3. Financial Dimension- The whole project will be done by just us 5 students
and there won’t be any funding what so ever. So, we will have limited
resources to work with when collecting information.
4. Sample Size- This project is part of a 20-year-old Strategic Transport Plan
(STP) chalked out by the Government's Transport Coordination Authority
(DTCA). They plan to add more rail lines in this period of time however due
to the lack of time and resources we will have to limit our research to only one
line which is currently being constructed. Dhaka MRT Line-6.’
5. Authenticity- The other problems we will be facing here are the authenticity
of our information and the credibility of our sources. Dhaka Mass Rapid
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Transit Development Project said that the project will be implemented under
eight construction packages (CP). The development components or
construction packages include – CP-01 (Depot Land Development), CP-02
(Depot Civil & Buildings), CP-03, CP-04 (Viaduct & Stations, Uttara-
Agargaon), CP-05, CP-06 (Viaduct & Stations, Agargaon-Motijheel), CP-07
(Electro-Mechanical Systems) and CP-08 (Rolling Stock & Depot
Equipment). Since the project has been divided into 8 parts, it makes the
authenticity of the information all the more questionable.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Brown & Dayal (2012) have conducted a study on urban transport system of four
metro peloton cities of India and stated that, transportation within the city limits has
become a dated infrastructure altogether and cannot meet the demands of population
in the next ten years, unless the urban planning system redesign and implement the
transport system that can meet the demands of the population which is projected to
grow by next fifty years. They have strongly expressed in their paper that, urban
population will represent two third of the total population in the next twenty years
and it will show an enormous impact on urban transit system. Samrat (2014) is of
the opinion that, urban transport system should not be viewed as profit making
venture. Because it is an important organ of public utility service entitled to be
utilized by the urban tax payers. He strongly expressed that, financial matrix like
payback period and internal rate of return calculated in infrastructure projects should
be avoided while deciding the merits of urban transport projects and social benefit
analysis must be adopted to accept or reject such ventures. Low & Gleeson (2015)
have expressed in their article that sustainability of urban transport system is the
major factor to be considered while designing urban commutation medium. They
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have studied the proposals of various cities on metro rail projects and advocated that,
metro is not the remedy for all the problems faced by urban commuters. Naidu and
Thomas (2016) have conducted a study on Delhi metro rail operations and concluded
that, metro trains are capable of creating a radical change in the transport planning
of Indian cities provided the new corridors are considered based on potential demand
and occupancy ratios of existing transport models. They have also expressed that
more than one operator should be allowed within one city limits to make urban
transport system more competitive in the long run.

Possibly the earliest international study of the urban impact of rail public transport
was the British-German comparison by Hall and Hass-Klau (1985). This project
focused more specifically on the impact of rail on the economic vitality of the city
centre, and finds it hard to come to terms with the problem of a wide range of
different factors being mixed in with the impact of the rail line itself. Another source
of over 10 years ago (Fainstein (1991), based on the British-American urban
planning context, focuses on the changes in political and deal-making culture that
had come by the late 1980s. A number of sources have compared land use and
development impacts between rail public transport systems from different countries.
Babalik (2000) summarized attainment of land-use and urban development
objectives in 8 urban rail systems, 4 American, 1 Canadian, and 3 British. She
concluded that the Vancouver Skytrain and San Diego Trolley provided the clearest
evidence of success in three dimensions: (a) stimulation of development in the city
centre; (b) stimulation of development in declining areas; (c) change in the pattern
of urban development. The systems of St. Louis, Manchester, and Tyne and Wear
had shown some success mainly in stimulation of city centre development. The
systems of Miami, Sacramento, and Sheffield had (yet) shown more disappointing
land-use and development effects. The most effective system in terms of shaping
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urban growth is the SkyTrain. The corridor that the SkyTrain runs through became
the main development axis of Vancouver with a notably denser urban form after the
opening of the SkyTrain. Development densities along the SkyTrain route have
changed especially because of the rezoning plans of the municipalities. These plans
increased the densities at station areas, and encouraged office and retail centres at
stations. Some of the SkyTrain stations became the `new town centres' as proposed
in the metropolitan development plan. However, Babalik concluded that with the
exception of Vancouver, any revitalising impact on slum areas accessed by the
systems was thin.

THE FINDINGS

The implementation agency working behind Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Line-
6, Dhaka Mass Transit Company Ltd (DMTCL), is working day and night—to
unveil the Uttara-Agargaon section of the metro rail project. Its slogan is,
'Moving people, saving time and energy'. The metro rail project is progressing
in a remarkable manner with the diligent team it is on its way to be finished
within the stipulated time. In fact, the rigor the project is being carried out
might finish the entire mega structure even before the stipulated time. The
inauguration of the first metro rail in Bangladesh is planned for 2024, but
through special arrangements made by the government, it is expected to be
inaugurated by December 2019. The works on the rest of the route that runs
from Agargaon to Motijheel will be completed by December 2020, ahead of
schedule.

According to our findings while making the report we have found insights that
detail the entire progress of the construction and each of its steps, up to the
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latest advancement. The following infographic shows the route and the 16
different stations in a summary:
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The infographic below shows is the project highlights for the Metro Rail
Project:
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The following table shows us the progress of the metro rail project till date in
an orderly manner with having timeline as variable:

TIMELINE PROGRESS INFO

December The Executive Committee on National Economic Council approves

2012 the Metro Rail scheme.

February JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) signs the loan

2013 agreement with Bangladesh.
February 2014 The $2.7b metro rail project got a shot in the arm upon receiving
Japanese funding
November Road Transport and Bridge Minister Obaidul Quader placed the
2014 Metro Rail Bill 2014 at the parliament in a bid to provide fast and
improved public transportation in Dhaka and ease traffic congestion
in the capital.

January 2015 The first tender for pre-qualification to procure 24 locomotives, 144
coaches and equipment for the depot was floated early

March 2015 The government signed a contract with Japanese Tokyu Construction
Company to develop the Metro Rail depot

June 2016 Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina inaugurated the construction work on
the much-hyped first-ever metro rail service in the capital.

May 2017 Authorities of Dhaka's maiden metro rail project signed three
contracts with two companies for the civil construction work at the
Uttara depot and building elevated rail viaducts from north Uttara to
Agargaon.
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August 2017  The authorities gave the work order to the contractors.
 Road Transport and Bridges Minister Obaidul
Quader inaugurated construction of the first part of the
elevated railway (viaduct) and nine stations of the country's
much talked-about maiden metro rail in the capital.

September Three more agreements with Chinese and Thai firms on the country's
2017 first-ever metro rail project were signed.

April 2018 Dhaka Mass Transit Company Ltd today signed contracts with two
joint-venture companies for package-5 and package-6 of MRT Line-
6 known as Metro Rail.

A barrier is being utilized to forestall street mischances on the undertaking site.

There are spiked metal perimeters for included assurance. Travelers and people on
foot can move securely close to the undertaking zone at Rokeya Sarani and Pallabi.
A metro rail official said that individuals will get metro administrations from one
year from now, and that a gigantic drive is in activity to actualize the whole
undertaking by 2020. Around 60,000 travelers will have the capacity to move, in 60
minutes, utilizing the metro rail. In 2021, an expected 500,000 individuals will drive
by MRT Line-6 consistently," authorities said.

Concurring a DMTCL official, to keep up and utilize MRT Line-6 appropriately, a

global standard moving stock will be conveyed. The line will highlight 24 sets of
 P a g e | 21

trains, and each set, at first, will comprise of six autos—with an arrangement to
extend them to eight autos per set later on.

All things considered, the viaduct of MRT Line-6 will be 10.4m high. Keeping in
mind the end goal to lessen vibration and commotion, Floating Slab Track (FLS),
Continuous Welded Rails (CWR), and Noise barrier dividers will be introduced
wherever important, the authority included.

Lastly, these following infographics summarize the overall project, showing the
progress analysis in perspective of package wise progress:
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RECOMMENDATIONS

The suggested BRT and Metro corridors can connect all the major trip generators of
Dhaka city such as airport, river terminal of Sadarghat, central railway terminal and
four intercity terminals of Saidabad, Gabtoli, Mohakhali and Victoria Park. All the
corridors already have considerable bus passenger market and bus fleet in service.
Bus speed is low due to congestion on the road and other traffic also experiences
similar delay for congestion. So it is obvious to implement a new mass transit system
in Dhaka. The following recommendations can be taken into consideration for
further development in this regard.

(i) Due to lack of manpower, extensive survey work was hardly possible to do. The
future field survey should be conducted by applying more manpower coupled with
necessary equipment to get the actual physical attributes of the corridor.

(ii) A detailed feasibility study including cost-benefit analysis on the prospect of

BRT and Metro Rail on old Dhaka route should be conducted.

(iii) The variation of travel demand with time at various locations on the study
corridor should be identified.

(iv) A detailed investigation on the existing building structures along the route may
be done to identify which structures would be affected or relocated for the
implementation of BRT and Metro Rail

(vi) More advanced model structures (nested logit, cross-nested logit, and mixed
logit) models can be developed for better forecasting and estimating the model
parameters.

(vii) In this research only model is developed for different attributes but no procedure
is described for the implementation or construction of BRT and Metro Rail in the
 P a g e | 23

selected corridor. Based on the model, the implementation procedure should be

incorporated in the future research.

CONCLUSION

The traffic in Dhaka city is unbearable and the reason for many disasters. The reason
is obviously overpopulation but more significantly, it is mismanagement. The whole
city runs in chaos everyday due to this traffic problems and transportation issues.
Construction of fly-overs have slightly alleviated the situation even though the
progress expected was insignificant than expected. The increase in number of
personal vehicles, mismanagement, lack of awareness among the public, horrible
and unsafe public transport all contribute their fair shares to create the hell this city
faces every single day.

Amidst of all these issues we as a nation always keep hoping and this Metro rail
project according to experts will be the first real life solution to the whole traffic
chaos that rules the city. It will not only alleviate the traffic and the livelihood of
Dhaka’s citizens but also contribute significantly in the GDP, increasing government
expenditure, creating employment and stepping a milestone for our vision 2021 and
Digital Bangladesh.

The construction of Metro rail will directly influence Number 8 (Economic growth),
Number 9 (Infrastructure and Innovation) and Number 11 (Sustainable cities) of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by the United Nations. Once finished, it will
be the most time efficient, reliable, safe, comfortable and environment friendly
solution, that will transform Dhaka into a more active, commutable and sustainable
city. Hence as a nation, we Bangalees see the Metro Rail Project as a dream project,
which will show its motto in action: “Move people, save time and Energy”.
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REFERENCES

1. En.wikipedia.org. (2018). Dhaka Metro Rail. [online] Available at:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka_Metro_Rail
2. Dmtc.org.bd. (2018). Dhaka Metro Rail. [online] Available at:
https://www.dmtc.org.bd/
3. Report, S. (2018). Fact box: All you need to know about metro rail project.
[online] The Daily Star. Available at:
https://www.thedailystar.net/country/dhaka-metro-rail-project-in-
bangladesh-fact-box-all-you-need-to-know-about-this-1569868
4. Mamun, S. (2018). Metro rail progresses ahead of schedule. [online] Dhaka
Tribune. Available at:
https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/development/2018/07/19/metro-
rail-progresses-ahead-of-schedule
5. Mamun, S. (2017). 2017 in review: Will people see Padma bridge take shape
in 2018? [online] Dhaka Tribune. Available at:
https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2017/12/24/2017-review-will-
people-see-padma-bridge-take-shape-2018
6. Ltd, D. (2016). Dhaka metro construction officially launched again. [online]
Railway Gazette. Available at:
https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/dhaka-metro-
construction-officially-launched-again.html
7. Goel, Deepti; Gupta, Sonam. 2015. The Effect of Metro Expansions on Air
Pollution in Delhi. Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7448. World Bank,
Washington, DC. © World Bank.
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22878 License: CC BY
3.0 IGO.” Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22878
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8. The European Rail Research Advisory Council (2009). [online] Available

at:
https://www.uitp.org/sites/default/files/cck-focus-papers-
files/errac_metrolr_tramsystemsineurope.pdf