DURABILITY TEST OF

PARTICLE BOARD

MADE FROM RICE

HULL AND FOAM

POLYSTYRENE-GASOLINE

MIXTURE
 ABSTRACT

DURABILITY TEST OF PARTICLE BOARD MADE FROM RICE HULL AND FOAM
POLYSTYRENE-GASOLINE MIXTURE.

A SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT PRESENTED TO

THE FACULTY OF THE SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

ABUYOG,ACADEMY

ABUYOG,LEYTE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENTS IN SCIENCE GRADE 9

S.Y 2019-2020

__________________________________________________________________

RESEARCHER

AYES,LANCE LOT S. SUAN, JAMAICA

SALUTAN, HAZEL MAE M. NUEVAS, CHARMAINE R.

TOBIAS, FRANCISCHAD ROLDAN, JAY FRANCIS

BALTAZAR, MARKJOHN

SEPTEMBER 2019

i
 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject, Science Grade 9, this
Science Investigatory Project entitled” DURABILITY TEST OF PARTICLE BOARD
MADE FROM RICE HULL AND FOAM POLYSTYRENE-GASOLINE MIXTURE’’ has been
prepared and submitted by AYES, SALUTAN, TOBIAS, NUEVAS, BALTAZAR, ROLDAN
AND SUAN for oral examination.

__________________________________________________________________

Approved by the Committee on Oral with the rating of _____________

______________________

CHAIRMAN

__________________ ___________________

MEMBER MEMBER

__________________________________________________________________

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Science Grade 9 S.Y 2019-

2020

ZACARIAS T. PASADAS V.

Science Grade 9 Teacher

Abuyog,Academy

Abuyog,Leyte

Date of Oral Examination ____________

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all we would like to thank our Almighty Father for giving us wisdom and
knowledge to make this project successfully done. Also we would like to give
thanks to all of those people especially to our parents who have given their full
support just to complete this study.

And we would like to express our sincere respect to our dereast subject
teacher Mr. Zacarias T. Pasadas V. for his cooperation and suggestion in
successfully completing this research. We are thankful for having you guys because
without your help and guidance we can’t finish this SIP.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR FULL SUPPORT.

DEDICATION

This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved parents who have

been our source of inspiration and gave us strength when we thought of giving up.

To our relatives, friends and classmates who shared their words of advice.

And lastly, we dedicated this study to the Almighty God, because he gives us
strength and skills and for giving us a healthy life.

All of these, we offer to you.

iii
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Particle board also known particle board , low-density fibre board (LDF) , and
chipboard. Particle cheaper,denser,and more uniform than conventional wood nad
plywood and is substituted for when cost is more important than strength and
appearance.

Particle board can be used in indoors or outdoors.

Particle board can be made more appealing by painting or the use of wood
vencers on visible surfaces. Though its is denser than conventional wood, it is the
lightest and weakest type of fiberboard, except for insulation board.

A significant disadvantage of particle board is its susceptibility to expansion

and discoloration from moisture absorption, particularly when it is not asverd with
paint or another sealer. Therefore , it is rarely used outdoors or in places where
there are high levels of moisture resistant continuous sheet of vinyl flooring.
Particle board has an huge influence on furniture design. In early 1950’s, particle
board kithchens started to come into use in furniture construction but in many
cases, it remained more expensive than solied wood. A very wealthy. Once the
technology was more developed, particle board became cheaper.

A problem besetting most milling operators is the mountain of rice hull

heaping at the back of their milling houses. It occupies so much space which could
otherwise be utilized for more productive or profitable purpose. Burning the rice hull
pose grave environmental hazards.

Rice hull is a by-product of grinding ruce grains. This is commonly used as a

polishing material,feed for cattle and as fertilizer. But due to its volume and the
tedious work involved farmers opted to ignore the potentials of rice hull. Also it can
be used in the manufacture of syntheticmaterials.

Rice hull can also be converted to furfural a solvent used in some industries
(Girolier Academic Encyclopedia Vol. 16 p.208)

1
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study tried to make particle board with rice hull as main component.
Specifically , it answer the following problem

1.the feasibility of rice hull as raw material for making a particle board

2. the volume of gasoline required for an effective foam polystyrene-gasoline mixture

3. the durability of the particle board to the following test.

a. flammability

b. bydration

c. acid resistance

d. tensile stress

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is beneficial to the milling operators who are plagued with the
problem of where to place the rice hull produced by the place near milling
operation.

Further it can open a new way in creating alternative indushy particle board
production there by giving new job opportunities for the residents of the place near
milling houses.

Lastly, it stops the burning of rice hull the most common method used to
eradicate this waste as it now finds a new uses raw material for making particle
board.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The study was limited to the production of a particle board with rice hull as
raw material and foam polystyrene gasoline mixture as adhesive mixing of the
different material was done manually and the drying process utilized was only air-
drying method.

2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Plastics is a large group of made materials that are solid in their final for but
are capable of flowing at various stages of its manufacture. Resin serves as primary
material of plastics which also give its main characteristics.

Thermoplastic a group of plastic made from synthetic resins soften when

hearted and harden when cooled forming it requires shorter time compared to the
group the thermoset. Because curing is not needed. ( New standard encyclopedia ,
col 11 p. 405). Foam plystyrene , the common material for disposable food
packaging belongs to this group.

Foam polystyrene is an example of synthetics resin with properties suitable

for adhesive when used with the right tolvent. the studies of rivera batobalani , vol
17. #3 p. 16) mixture makes a strong with adhesive characteristics similar to rugby
but much stronger than it.

Baseos et al (bato balani vol.15 #3, p. 18) observed in their study that
polystyrene “took less effort break” implying that it is not a strong as rivera
claimed. It is worthy to note however, that bascos et al, in their studies used
tolvene as solvent and not gasoline

Adhesive plays a very important role in modifying wood in order to give it

properties it does not have originality. In here, the wood is treated chemically or
bonded to form strong but lightweight wood materials. Particle board are an
example of such modifications, this kind of building materials is made of particles of
wood or chips blended with varies reins and bonded together into a flat sheet.
Pressure and heat are sometimes applied to consolidate the mixture. Rice hull a by-
a product in the milline process of rice (an erect annual plant 30-180cm tall with
smooth tapering leaves enclosed in che athsis a yellow-brown container of rice
grain. It is a waste product that can be utilized as raw material in the manufacture
of particle board due to its high cellulose content just like wood chips cellulose is a
strong elastic material that forms the cell walls of early all plants. it is a
polymerized carbohydrate that constitutes 70% of the dry cell this is economically.

3
 METHODOLOGY

PREPARATION OF THE RICE HULL

Rice hulls were gathered from imperials rice and cornmill at sangkol and
from manolongs milling at cogon.

It was dried under direct sunlight for one day before it was pounded.
pounding the brittle dry rice hull produce fine particle that looked like commercial
rice bran.

With the use of a platform balance, the desired masses were then prepared
for the four treatment.

PREPARATION OF ADHESIVE

For polystyrene were collected fro san alfonso garbage site at sangkol and from
the students and teachers of Cogon National High School

It was the thoroughly washed and dried under the sun. after drying , it was
chopped to smaller pieces and the desired masses were weigh using the platform
balance

Regular gasoline was bought form rencar’s at sangkol the different volumes of
gasoline for the four treatments were measured using graduated eylinder. The
gasoline was added to the pre-weighed from polystyrene. it was missed manually
until it produced a sticky mixture.

5
TESTING OF PARTICLE BOARD SAMPLES

1. Flammability Test
An alcohol lamp was used for the flammability test. The sample were
placed on the wire gaze on top of the tripod and the time it took the sample
to start burning was taken and recorded.
2. Hydration Test
Four 250ml beaker will filled with 100ml water. The samples were
submerged into the water for three hours with the aid of a stirring rod. The
stirring rod was necessary to hold the samples under water otherwise it will
float back. After three hours, the samples were taken out from the water. the
remaining water was measured using graduates cylinder the amount of water
absorbed by the sample were compared using the formula.

Original vol.
Volume of water after 3hours
_________________________
Water absorbed by the sample

3. ACID EACTION SHEET

Four acids of saying degree of acidity were used for the test on acid
reaction, namely sulfaric, hydrochloride acid, phosphoric acid, and nutric
acid.
Using an improvised pipette; eight drops of each acid were used on the
sample which determined its reaction to these acids. The observation were
recorded.
4.TENSILE STRESS

Tensile stress was tasted by placing he 6cm x 3.5cm samples between

two armchairs leaving the middle part without supports. A soft wire was
wrapped around the middle part of the sample and a plastic container was
attached into it to carry the sand and gravel which serve as weight.
The weight was increased little by little until the sample showed
indication of breaking. The stress withstood by the tested samples was
computed using the formula

Forces
Stress = - - - - -
Area

6
 RESULT AND DICUSSION

After the four days drying period the prepared particle board samples
from the four treatment, only were observed dried knowing the high volatility of
gasoline; This was understandable.

However, of the four treatments, only the particular board from treatment
o had hardened enough within the during period. It can no longer be pressed when
poked with the forefinger. It can already use for the other tests.

The other treatments cannot be tasted yet because of its relative softness.
Treatments compressed slightly when pressed with the force finger, followed by
Treatment B with Treatment A as the softest since it formed a deeper depression
when pressed with the forefingers.

Due to this observation. The samples were allowed to “season” for another
twenty days. At about time when Treatment A had already hardened and the other
tests could administer.

Other than the relative’s softness of the particle board samples on the first
four days, physically it looked like the common commercial lawanit. After the
twenty days “seasoning” period however, the particle board sample produced
looked sturdier than the lawanit. The proved the reasibility of rice hun as raw
material in making particle board.

Looking at the sample, one can easily notice the light color of the particular
board from treatment D. The color intensity gradually increased with Treatment A
as the darkest aside from the color variation, one cannot tell the difference when
the pressure was extended beyond this limit, the particle board samples showed
indication of breakage. This data is summarizes in Table 3 of the durability of each
sample thus the necessity of other tests.
Flammability Test

One mayor components of the adhesive used in the particle board samples
was gasoline a substance that is highly white and flammable due to this, the
particle board sample were subjected to a flammability test.

Table 1: Flammability reaction of different particle board samples in seconds

Treatment Average time in second

A 40
__________________________________________________________________

B 35

C 25

D 18

The burning properties of gasoline depended on its composition additives

were used in small amounts to enhance the gasoline’s performance two common
additives present in gasoline were antilock compounds and antioxidants or
inhibitions.

As revealed in table 1. Treatment a look the longest time to be ignited

this was because this treatment contained the greatest volume of gasoline,
therefore it also has more antilock compounds and antioxidants or inhibitors of
water treatment B,C and D following closely with decrease volume of absorbed
water.

This was expected because treatment A was most pronouns of the fair
particle board samples it has more air spaces that water can occupy treatment, o
being the most compact expectedly has the slowest rate of water absorbed water
the compactness of treatment o does not allowed the water molecules to penetrate
it easily.

Acid Reaction Test

Materials naturally deteriorate as a result of its interaction with elements in

the environment if the particle board samples were to use the building materials, its
reaction to different and must be determined

The four particle board samples were tasted for its reaction to four acid
namely hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfurie acid and nitric acid.

Acid reaction test revealed that the area exposed to the acid that had
softened this was because the adhesive was conroded by the acid, sulfuric acid
make the affected area in all treatments blanks with the release of gray smoke,
there seemed to be no burning when hydrochloric acid was used because no smoke
was produced but the exposure made the particle board samples easy to bend and
the affected area turned white.

Tensile stress test

By inspection alone all flour particle board samples looked sturdy the tensile
stress test revealed that different particle board sample had its own pressure
capacity.

TENSILE STRESS TEST

By inspection alone, all four particles board samples liked study. The tensile
stress test revealed the different particle board sample had its own pressure
capacity. When the pressure was extended beyond this limit, the particle board
samples showed indications of breakage. This data is summarizing in Table 3.

Table 3: tensile capacity of different particle board sample in Newton per meter
squared.
______________________________________________________________________________
Treatment Average mass withstood in grams Pressure inN/sg.m

3050

A_________________________________________________________________

3250

B_________________________________________________________________

3400

C__________________________________________________________________________

3600

D_____________________________________________________________________________

It can be deduced Table 3 that Treatment D required a greater force before

it showed breakage. This was because Treatment D has readily hardened within the
four days drying period and had considerable seasoned for the four-particle board
sample produced.

Treatment A recorded the least pressure capacity because it was very

porous, in indication that it was not compact and therefore was weak.
 CONCLUSION SUMMARY

Summary AND

In summary, the feasibility of rice hull as raw material for the making of particle
board has been confirmed. The study also revealed that Treatment D produced
relatively hard particle board. Flammability test showed Treatment A took the
longest time in second to ignite into flame. Hydration data led to the compactness
of Treatment D because it absorbed the least amount of water for three hours. Acid
reaction that resulted to all particle board samples showing weakness to the
corrosive properties of acid used. Lastly, it can also be glanced from the data of
tensile stress test that Treatment D can withstood greater pressure.

Conclusion

It is therefore concluded that it is feasible t use rice hull in a 1:1 25:0.75 ratio
with gasoline and foam polystyrene to make particle board. Further, the different
test points the Treatment D possess characteristics that qualifies it.
 RECOMMENDATION

For those who intend to pursue this study, the following are highly
recommended:

First, other rations of the rice hull and foam polystyrene will be used to determine if
it has an effect on the durability of the particle board.

Second, try adding other potential raw materials (eg. Comcobs and rice straw) to
the rice hull that night enhance the characteristics of the particle boar. Further, the
ration of the rice hull to the potential raw materials be considered as well.

Third, consider using another binder, if not change the solvent used in melting the
foam polystyrene. Gasoline in highly volatile and flammable. Inhalation of the
substance had caused feelings of nausea and headache of the experimenters.

Lastly, instead of air drying the particle board, probe on the effect of drying if under
direct sunlight, apply pressure by compacting to the particle board and vary the
length of “seasoning” period.
 REFERENCES

Bascos, Neil Andrew D. et al, Corn Cobs as Material of Particle Board

Batobalani , vol .15, #3, p16-18.

Diamant , R.M Corrosion, Cit – C2 Grolier Academic Encyclopedia, #5,

p.276-277

Faller, Stephen, Wood, WXYZ, Grolier Academic Encyclopedia

#20,p.206.

Kennedy, J.F, Cellulose, C, Grolier Academic Encyclopedia #4,p238.

Mc Mullan, J.T, Gasoline, G, Grolier Academic Encyclopedia, #9,p.155.

Patton , W.J.,Plastic, P. Grolier Academic Encyclopedia #15,p.347-351.

Rivera , Artheo Day V. Foam Polystyrene-Gasoline Mixture as Adhesive,

Batobalani ,vol.17 #3,p 16-18

Shellenberger, J.A Rice . Q-R , Grolier Academic Encyclopedia,

#16,p207-208.