Manual Equipo WDDS

WDDS-2
Digital Resistivity Meter
User’s Manual
CHONGQING GOLD MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT CO., LTD
WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual
STATEMENT
Thank you for purchasing WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter!
In order to have the system work at its best efficiency, please read this user’s
manual carefully before operation.
All contents of this document are under the protection of copyright laws. This
manual may not be copied in whole or in part or reproduced in any other media
by any organization or individual without written permission of GOLD
GOLD undertakes responsibilities only within its warranty claims. We will not
assume obligations on the possible losses in the process of using our products.
Any dispute arising wherefrom shall be settled in accordance with applicable
laws of People’s Republic of China.
The information, figures, tables, specifications and schematics contained in this
user’s manual are subject to change without notice.
Page 1 of 34
OPERATION PRECAUTIONS
 Prohibit misconnecting A, B, M, N ports and DC high-voltage port (DC HV+ and DC HV- ).
 If system clews “[NOTE:015]Current supply is too large！Please check and reset
it.”, please turn off the mainframe WDDS-2/2B to inspect whether AB is
short-circuited.
 If measuring current (I, primary field current) is less than 1mA, system clews “[NOTE: 029]
Transmitting of AB is open-circuit!”.
 If absolute value of measuring SP is higher than 1000mV, system clews “[NOTE: 014]SP is
too large!”
 If measuring voltage (V, primary field voltage) is less than 1mV, system clews “Voltage is
too low”.
 Operator needs check the voltage of built-in battery compartment of WDDS-2/2B
mainframe at times to ensure the voltage is higher than 6.8V.
 If the electrode array is 3P-PREL or 3P-VES, the infinity electrode should wiring B(∞)
terminals and transmitting of B electrode wiring B(3-pole). When doing other array,
transmitting electrodes wiring A, B(∞) and measuring electrodes wiring M,N on the
mainframe.
 For a new cross-section, set the parameters correctly before measurement.
 WDDS-2B has built-in high-voltage battery and external DC high voltage for option. When
using them together, the instrument will choose the power source with higher voltage.
 If the current supply of WDDS-2B is lager than 300mA, please turn down the transmitting
voltage or use external DC high voltage power source.
 If the indicator light of built-in high voltage in WDDS-2B flashes, please exit
measuring and turn off the built-in high voltage power source to inspect if the
current supply is too large or the instrument is over-temperature.
 DO NOT turn off WDDS-2/2B mainframe when system has not finished a function, for
memory is being read or written and which would result in confusion of the data.
 Scan the Survey Line Table, if find there are repeated line number or there are lines that
are not created by operator, mismanagement may exist in the memory. In that case, please
DO delete all the data and initialize the memory.
 Keep the front panel of the instrument away from sunlight, otherwise, contrast ratio
decreases. If contrast ratio is inappropriate and data are unable to be read, shut down the
instrument. For detailed operation guide of adjust contrast ratio of the display, please refer
to Section 2.1.
 Every time fieldwork finishes, clean the screen, front panel of the instrument with pledged
that dipped with a little bit of water. DO NOT clean the instrument with organic solvent
(such as alcohol, etc).
 The mainframe is not waterproof; DO NOT put the instrument in moist or gas-erosive
environment.
 DO NOT have the instrument work in or stared where the temperature is lower than -20℃.
 If the instrument is not to used for a long time, charge the lithium battery every
3 months, or the battery will be damaged.
 The best temperature to charge the lithium battery is 0℃ to 45℃, other temperature
would causes over-temperature and damage the battery.
Page 2 of 34
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Statement............................................................................................................................... 1
Operation Precautions....................................................................................................... 2
Table of Contents................................................................................................................. 3
Chapter One: Concept........................................................................................................ 4
Chapter Two: Overview..................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Application.......................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Main Features..................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Technical Specifications.................................................................................................... 8
2.4 Function of Panel............................................................................................................... 9
Chapter Three: Operation.............................................................................................. 13

3.1 General Flow of Resistivity Sounding/Profiling in Field.............................................. 13
3.2 Field Layout and Wiring.................................................................................................. 14
3.3 Turn on WDDS-2/2B Mainframe.................................................................................... 14
3.4 Measure Grounding Resistance..................................................................................... 15
3.5 Set Working Parameter................................................................................................... 16
3.5.1 Input File Name and Electrode Array ................................................................16
3.5.2 Initial and Step ......................................................................................................... 18
3.5.3 Program .......................................................................................................................18
3.5.4 Accessibility ................................................................................................................19
3.5.5 Set Data and Time ...................................................................................................20
3.6 Measure............................................................................................................................. 20
3.6.1 Measure Built-in Battery Voltage ........................................................................20
3.6.2 Measure Self-Potential (SP) ..................................................................................20
3.6.3 Measure Grounding Resistivity ............................................................................ 20
3.6.4 Measure Resistivity ..................................................................................................21
3.6.5 Data Display Format.................................................................................................... 21
3.7 Display Data and Survey Line Table..............................................................................22
3.8 Save Measured Data....................................................................................................... 23
3.9 Delete Data....................................................................................................................... 24
Chapter Four: Field Operating Process..................................................................... 25

4.1 Comparison of Operating Process between Electric Sounding and Electric Profiling.
.................................................................................................................................................. 25
4.2 Case of Electric Sounding............................................................................................ 26
Chapter Five: Troubleshooting..................................................................................... 29

5.1 Troubleshooting for Mainframe......................................................................................29
5.2 Troubleshooting for Built-in High Voltage of WDDS-2B............................................. 30
Appendix A: Terms and Commands Interpretation.............................................. 32
Appendix B: Date Converter.......................................................................................... 34
Page 3 of 34
CHAPTER ONE : CONCEPT

1. Apparent resistivity ρs/Res: when the ground surface is flat and medium underground is
uniform, infinite and isotropic medium, wiring the current electrode A and B to the power source
and provide a current intensity of IP to the grounding, then gain the potential differences VP
between potential electrode M and N. Resistivity measured in this way is the homogeneous
grounding resistivity. But actually, the grounding conditions dissatisfy resistivity survey: the
measured results are not resistivity of the surrounding rock or the ore body, but apparent
resistivity. Apparent resistivity is represented by ρs and calculated in ΩM. It can be defined as
follows:
ρs=K (VP/IP)
Among them, K as the array factor (or geometric factor) is calculated by the corresponding
electrode array configuration formula, according the specific electrode array configuration and
spaces among electrode A, B, M, N, etc.
2. VP: according to resistivity’s definition, VP is the electric potential difference between potential
electrodes M and N.
3. IP: transmitting current by the current electrodes A and B.
4. Array/geometric factor K: according to the definition formula of the resistivity ρs above, we
can get the geometric factor by the following formula.
2
K 1
AM  AN  BM 1  BN 1
1
Among them, AM, AN, BM, BN represents the distances among A, B, M and N. Unit is meter. K
value depends on relative location of these four electrodes.
5. Self-potential (SP): SP is short name of self-potential or spontaneous potential; unit is mV. It
is a naturally occurring electric potential difference in the grounding, measured by an electrode
relative to a fixed reference electrode.
6. Grounding resistance: the resistance of ground from electrode surface to infinite distance. All
the DC electrical methods must be powered supplied by two current electrodes (for instrument
by BTSK, current electrodes are defined as A and B) to form a loop circuit. However,
ground state directly influences the value of transmitting current. If well grounded, grounding
resistance is lower; if poorly grounded, grounding resistance is higher.
7. Electric profiling: electric profiling is one category of electrical methods, including many
electrode array configurations whose electrodes are featured by keeping a certain distance
between each electrode, while all the electrodes roll along at the same time along the survey line
to measure apparent resistivity. Since that distance between electrodes keeps unchanged during
roll-along movement, transmitting current is injected underground to a certain depth, measuring
depth of the points on the survey line keeping the same; in other words, the resistivity curve is
geologic reflection of a certain layer.
Fig.1-1 Electric profiling
8. Electric sounding：similar to electric profiling on variety, electric sounding includes many

electrode array configurations. These electrode array configurations feature keeping measuring
Page 4 of 34

point position fixed but increasing distances among the electrodes. Since that distance between
the current electrodes increases, transmitting current is injected deeper into the ground.
Therefore, measured results are geologic reflection of the geological structure of different layers.
Fig.1-2 Electric sounding
9. Main concept comparison between electric profiling and electric sounding.
No. Electric Profiling Vertical Electric Sounding

1 Profile Station
2 Point Program
3 Point number Program ID
Profile name could be Y coordinate Station name could be X coordinate
5 Profile name is file name Station name is file name
Table 1-1 Concept comparison between electric profiling and electric sounding.
10. Program: expression of K contain a relative position parameter about the four electrodes, it is
the program.
ID AB/2(M) MN/2(M) K
1 3 1.00 12.566371
2 4 1.00 23.561945
3 5 1.00 37.699112
Page 5 of 34
4 6 1.00 54.977871
5 7 1.00 40.567845
Table 1-2 Program in 4P-VES method
Program is AB/2 and MN/2 in 4P-VES and is OB and MN/2 in 3P-VES.

11. Program ID and step: there is program table, user can save some program in the table (100
group for most), the group number is program ID, each program has 4 value (program ID, AB/2
or OB, MN/2 and K), they all depend on used array. Use program ID to recall needed program,
the instrument can calculate K automatically.
ID Program
4P-VES
Program ID=1 3
AB/2= 3.0 1
1
MN/2= 1.0
9
K = 12.5664 3
2
13.5
4P-VES
Program ID=99
AB/2= 1350.0
1350
MN/2= 450.0
450
99
K = 5654.8667
1800
600
100
Program interface Program table

Fig.1-6 Correspondence of program ID and program table in 4P-VES.
The AB/2 will be OA or OB in 3P-VES.

The instrument will modify electrode ID after saving data, add a step to current program ID as
the next program ID, this step is program step, and can be 0,+1,-1.
≡Initial and step≡
1. Point: 1.00
2. Point step: 1.00
3. Prg ID: 1
4. Prg step: 0
1 2 3 4 Enter
Fig.1-7 Interface of setting Program step
Page 6 of 34
CHAPTER TWO : OVERVIEW
Fig.2-1 WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter
WDDS-2/2B digital resistivity meter (hereafter also referred to as WDDS-2/2B mainframe or

WDDS-2/2B meter) is a new generation of DC resistivity equipment which is based on a series of
advanced electrical equipment of BTSK for resistivity survey, and adopts 32-bit microcontroller
technology and 24-bit A / D technology development.
2.1 Application
 Metal and nonmetal mineral resources detection
 City geophysical exploration, railway and bridge inspection and so on
 Hydrology and engineering geology as seeking for ground water, inspecting dam base and flood
protection levee for incipient faults
 Geothermal prospecting
2.2 Main Features

 Light and flexible: advanced transmitter and receiver are designed in one unit, small size, light
weight, built-in (only WDDS-2B) 200V high-voltage power supply allows you to easily cope with
most of survey work, usually needn’t additional bulky battery box.
 Large power supply, wide range, high precision: 3500W (1000V × 3.5A) power supply capacity,
48Vp-p of the wide voltage input range, high accuracy measurement of small signals, so that
equipment can be applied to work well in high resistance areas, access to a deeper and better
measurement results.
 The "infinite" pole on panel: used to wiring the second and third pole. when using conventional
three-pole electrical measurement (combined profiles method and combined electrical sounding
method), the instrument can automatically measure ρsA, ρsB, and ρs without operator
Page 7 of 34

intervention, reduce human error and improve efficiency.
 English keypad: is composed of 16-button English keypad which makes operation quite easy.
 Mass internal memory: 1GB (expandable) of large-capacity data storage, which is able to save
measured data for more than 5,000,000 readings (including voltage, current, electrical resistivity,
relative error, SP, electrode space, measuring point and so on); all these data will not loss when
power supply is cut off suddenly.
 USB disk format of data storage - supports USB interface to export the saved data, the
instrument will be automatically identified as USB disk storage, extremely easy to use.
 Program: as for electrode array, it can memorize 100 different groups of electrode spaces;
inputting one number will show the corresponding group of electrode spaces for function or
reset; and thus it is able to avoid the mistake caused by repeating input action of the same
electrode space.
 Improved anti-interference technology and high accuracy: using multistage wave filtration,
signal enhancement technology and integrated electrical interference suppressor function (with
super anti-interference of common-mode and different mode).
 Automated: SP, drift and electrodes polarization compensation, compensation range is ±10V.
 Safety protection: the receiving part supports transient over-voltage protection for voltage input;
transmitting part supports high voltage reverse wiring, over-current protection and AB
open-circuit protection.
 Grounding resistance check: this function enables the operator to know the ground condition of
each electrode.
 Fault diagnoses: the diagnose program quickly detects fault and finds the damaged part.
 Sealed configuration: featuring waterproof, dustproof design and long life time.
2.3 Technical Specifications
Receiving unit
Voltage channel ±24V，±0.5% ±1LSB，24bit A/D
Max voltage sampling
resolution 0.01μV
Input impedance ≥50MΩ
SP compensation range ±10V
Current channel 3.5A，±0.5% ±1LSB，24 bit A/D

Maximum current sampling
0.02μA
resolution
≥80dB for 50Hz industrial frequency (common mode interference
Suppression
or differential mode interference).
Transmitting unit
Max transmitting power 3500W
Max voltage supply ±1000V（2000Vp-p）
Max current ±3.5A（7Ap-p）

Pulse waveform of power
supply duty cycle is 1:1, bipolar
Others
Page 8 of 34

Screen 160 × 160 dot matrix LCD
Storage ≥1GB
built-in 7.4V4Ah lithium battery(or external 12V power supply),
Instrument power source
more than 20 hours of continuous work
A,B,M,N, DC high voltage, external battery, charger, RS-232 and
Mainframe interface
USB, etc
Built-in high-voltage power
supply (only WDDS-2B) Max current is 300mA, voltage is 50V, 100V, 150V, 200V.
Working temperature -10℃~+50℃, 95 %RH
Storage temperature -20℃~+60℃
Weight ≤ 4.2 Kg (WDDS-2) ≤ 5.5 Kg (WDDS-2B)

Dimension (L×W×H) 270mm X 246mm X 175mm
2.4 Function of Panel

Operations of this resistivity meter are finished through the front panel; detailed introductions are as
follows (see the following figure).
2.4.1 The panel diagram of WDDS-2 digital resistivity instrument
Fig. 2-2 Front panel of WDDS-2
 Tx DC input: external DC high voltage power supply, “+” wirings the positive, “-” wirings the
negative.
 A, B（∞）, there-pole B: Wiring ports for transmitting power supply. “A” wirings A electrode,
“B(∞)” wirings B electrode when using four-pole device, wirings infinite power supply electrodes
when using there-pole device and “there-pole B” wirings B electrode.
 M, N: wiring ports for input signals.
 3-Pole B: when conducting combined electric profiling (3P-PRFL) or combined electric sounding
(3P-VES), wiring the infinity current electrode to the “B (∞)” port and wiring the other current
electrode to“3-Pole B” port.
 Charging/DC input 12V: charging power outlet, wiring the machine-specific battery charger
can charge the built-in battery charger，also work with the external 12V battery.
Page 9 of 34
 WDDS-2 and WDDS-2B are equipped with 8V lithium battery with automatic
protection which can auto-power-off when battery voltage is lower than 6.6V. When the
voltage is lower than 6.8V, system prompts “[Note:07]Battery voltage is too low”. Then the
operator needs to charge the mainframe to avoid cut off automatically. Or to wiring with an
external 12v battery by the standard battery line in our standard configuration.
 The temperature should be 0℃~+45℃ when charging; because the over-heat will
affect its performance and short the service-life.
 Steps of charging:
1) Power off and wiring the output plug (three pin) with charging socket;
2) Wiring the charger to 220V AC power, the indicator light on the charger turns red
means charger is charging the instrument;
3) The indicator light turns green when charger completed 4~6 hours later.
 Power switch: press “On” button to turn on the power supply and press “Off” button to cut off
the power supply.
 RS232: standard serial port. Data are transferred to the computer through RS232 to be further
processed.
 computer: The instrument data on the SD card via USB data cable to dump to the computer.
 Digital LCD: 160 × 160 dot-matrix big screen LCD
 16-button keypad: perform various operations and data input.
Button Function I Function II Function III
The number “0” Set menu shortcuts
The number “1” Measure battery voltage
Measure grounding
The number “2”
resistance
The number “3” Measure SP
Switch display of A,B set

The number “4” Page turning
power supply data
Turn page when

Adjust the contrast measurement parameter is
The number “5”
or scroll display much and duplicate data
points
The number “6” Page turning
Page 10 of 34
Less pole No. or survey

The number “7” point No. in the main
interface
Turn page when

Adjust the contrast measurement parameter is
The number “8”
or scroll display much and duplicate data
points
Increase pole No. or survey

The number “9” point No. in the main
interface
Decimal point Display data or curve
Minus Start measuring power
Delete one file or

delete all file
Save data after

measuring
Confirm choose or
input data
Exit operation or
interface
2.4.2 The panel diagram of WDDS-2B digital resistivity instrument (function of each
component on the panel is the same as WDDS-2).
Fig. 2-3 Front panel of WDDS-2B

The difference from WDDS-2 is WDDS-2B has a built-in rechargeable high voltage power supply, add
a control panel of built-in high voltage power supply on the left of the box, the panel program is as
below.
Page 11 of 34
④
① ② ③
②
⑤
②
Fig. 2-4 Left panel of WDDS-2B

 Power: built-in high-voltage power supply switcher.
 48V battery charger: charging socket of built-in battery, charge the built-in high-voltage
power supply battery of the instrument.
 Transmitting voltage: display transmitting voltage amplitude of built-in high-voltage power
supply battery.
 Overheating, over-current indicator
 Voltage selection: 50V,100V,150V,200V for option.
 WDDS-2B has a built-in high-voltage power supply as well as external DC high-voltage

power supply. It can transmitting 50V, 100V, 150V, 200V DC high voltage and display
voltage amplitude on the digital voltmeter. Built-in high-voltage power generated by the
inverter 48V Lithium battery, the battery with automatic protection function, so when
internal voltage power supply has no transmitting 50V transmitting voltage is below 43V,
operators should charge the built-in 48V rechargeable lithium battery using built-in high
voltage power supply charger of the standard configuration.
 Steps of charging:
1) Power off and wiring the output plug (four pin) with charging socket;
2) Wiring the charger to 220V AC power, the indicator light on the charger turns red
means charger is charging the instrument;
3) The indicator light turns green when charger completed 4~6 hours later.
Page 12 of 34
CHAPTER THREE : OPERATION

3.1 General Flow of Resistivity Sounding/Profiling in Field
Step Operation Remarks
(1) Rearrange electrode - Change survey point, electrode space or arrangement.

& change parameters
↓
(2) Start up - Prepare to measure and press “On” button, please
refer to Section 3.6.1.
↓
(3) Check battery voltage - Press “BATTERY” button to check voltage of the
built-in battery of WDDS-2/2B meter (refer to Section
3.6.1).
↓
(4) Check grounding resistance - Check grounding resistance of the electrodes, please
refer to Section 3.4).
↓
(5) Set working parameters - Set parameters: survey line, electrode array, electrode
space and delay time. Refer to Section 3.5 for details.
↓
(6) Measure - Press “MEASURE” button. Please refer to Section 3.6
for details.
↓
(7) Save measured results - After measuring, it displays the measured results. Input
point number and save the measured results. Refer to
Section 3.8 for details.
↓
(8) Shutdown - Press “Off” button after measuring to save power for
WDDS-2/2B mainframe.
↓
(9) Back to step (1) if the current survey line has not yet finished measuring.
↓
(10) End
 Although WDDS-2/2B mainframe will automatically shut down once there is no operation
on it for 10 minutes (stand-by time is 10 minutes). If any button is pressed, stand-by time
will be counted once again from that moment.
 To save power in the built-in battery of WDDS-2/2B mainframe, better press “Off” button
to turn off WDDS-2/2B mainframe while rearranging electrodes in field.
Page 13 of 34

3.2 Field Layout and Wiring
Fig. 3-1 Wiring of WDDS-2/2B
Follow the steps below to set up and wiring the system:

 Set up system in field and lay electrodes according to specific electrode array. For layout and
movement of electrodes according of different electrode arrays, please refer to the attached
Electrode Array User’s Manual.
 Positive pole (red) of the transmitting power source wirings to the “DC HV +” terminal (red,
positive terminal) of WDDS-2/2B mainframe.
 Negative pole (black) of the transmitting power source wirings to the “DC HV –” (black, negative
terminal) of WDDS-2/2B mainframe.
 Copper electrode A and B wiring respectively to A, B terminals, and potential electrodes M and N
respectively to M, N wiring terminals.
3.3 Turn on WDDS-2/2B Mainframe

1) Press “On” button on the front panel of WDDS-2/2B, the screen will show the “Start
Menu”.
Figure. 3-2 Start menu
Page 14 of 34

Three seconds later, it will turn to “Main Menu” automatically.
Current working mode,

system will keep the
WDDS-2/2B HELP
working mode of last
Station：1 The mark of
survey.
Prg ID：1 main menu
Prg step：0
The area shows the Array：4P-VES
parameters of last survey, AB/2=100
so the display is not
MN/2=20
binding.
Fig.3-3 Main menu
If nothing is displayed on the screen, there are possibilities of the following two failures. It is
recommended to check WDDS-2/2B mainframe in the following sequence for trouble -shooting.
 Contrast ratio of the display is not appropriate.
 Voltage of the built-in battery is not high enough.
Charge the built-in battery and turn on WDDS-2/2B to see if there is display.
2) Adjust Contrast Ratio
Press “↑”, “↓” button to adjust the contrast ratio. System will automatically save the contrast ratio to
keep the same contrast when it starts up next time.
 Contrast ratio can only be adjusted under the initial interface that immediately appears
after startup.
3.4 Measure Grounding Resistance

Operation:
1) Dig a electrode into ground as reference, and make sure it’s grounding well and wiring it to “N”
terminal on the mainframe panel.
2) Wiring A/B/M/N to the “M” terminal on the mainframe panel, and measure grounding resistance
of each electrode.
Example:
When measure grounding resistance of electrode A, wiring electrode A to “M” terminal on the panel,
wiring electrode B to “N” terminal on the panel. Press “MEASURE” can get relative grounding
resistance of A.
 If measured grounding resistance is too large, should watering the ground or dig the
electrode into the ground deeper or other measures to decrease the grounding resistance.
Resistance of bar-shaped electrode and depth of electrode into ground is reversing ratio,
the deeper the depth, the smaller the grounding resistance. Grounding resistance
measurement can check if wiring between electrode and mainframe is broken, and leak of
electrode.
Page 15 of 34

3.5 Set Working Parameter
Working parameters include,
a). File name and electrode array (Section 2.5.1).
b). Initial and step(Section 2.5.2).
c). Program (AB/2, MN/2, etc)( Section 2.5.3).
3.5.1 Input File Name and Electrode Array
1) Input file name.
≡Menu≡ ≡New file≡

1. File name:
1. New file
2. Load file
2. Array:
3. Initial and step
4P-VES
4. Input Program
5. Accessibility
6. Data Time Language 1 2 Enter
≡New file≡ ≡New file≡

or other 1. Input file name:
1. Input file name:
number
1 1
2. Array: 2. Array:
and
4P-VES 4P-VES
1 2 Enter 1 2 Enter
Fig.3-4 Set new file
 Operator may input a line number that

already exists, press “ENTER” button to
input a new line number. For the former
one, all the data measured would be
sequentially added to the line that exists
(DO mind that the order must be
corresponding); while for the later, data
measured would be added to this new line.
Fig.3-5 Prompt of survey line exists

 Length of a new line created is zero; as data adds to the line, this new line grows,
maximum containing 12000 readings.
 When input data are incorrect, press “DELETE” button to delete it and then input
again.
Page 16 of 34

2) Choose array: after input file name, press “Rg” to choose array.
≡New file≡ ≡New file≡

Press “ENTER”
1. Input file name: to choose array 1. Input file name:
1 then “EXIT” 1
reserve setting.
2. Array: 2. Array:
4P-VES 4P-VES
1 2 Enter 1 2 Enter
Fig.3-6 Choose array
 There are ten electrode array configurations are available in WDDS-2/2B meter, for
details of each electrode array, please refer to the attached Electrode Array User’s
Manual.
 There is ten array for choose:
No. Array Remarks
1 4P-VES
Electrical sounding
2 3P-VES
3 4P-PRFL
4 3P-PREL Electrical profiling
5 RECTGL
6 DIPOLE
7 IP-BUR
8 Input K Any array
9 5P-VES Electrical sounding
10 Com-PRFL Electrical profiling

Table 3-1 Array table
There are B(∞) and 3-pole B on the panel, you needn’t switch electrodes when using
3P-VES and 3P-PREL to measure power supply of AMN∞, ∞MNB by hand; When using
Com-PRFL, there are 3 group of AB power supply electrodes, switch power supply
electrodes by hand to measure.
3P-VES, 3P-PREL and Com-PRFL can measure general 3-pole AMN∞ and ∞MNB. When
using above three array, there will be a interface as below after choose array.
Page 17 of 34
Fig.3-7 Interface to choose array

Press relevant number button to choose 3-pole measure parameter. For example, choose
only AMN∞, press “1” and “ENTER” to choose “Y” for “AMN∞” and press “2” and
“ENTER” to choose “N” for “∞MNB”. Press “EXIT” to complete setting. These two
measure can’t be “N” at the same time.
3.5.2 Initial and Step

Initial station and step effect to electrical profiling. While initial program and step effect to electrical
sounding. It’s better to set program step as “0”.
For electric ≡Initial and step≡

profile array
1. Point: 1.00
2. Point step: 1.00
3. Prg ID: 1
4. Prg step: 0
1 2 3 4 Enter
For VES array
Fig.3-8 Interface of initial and step

Press order number of parameter you want to change, then press number button and “ENTER”. Then
press “EXIT” to complete setting.
 Survey point and its step effects only on electrical profiling, the survey point No.
changes after data measuring and saving. For example, current survey point No. is
10.00, if step is 10, the next survey point No. will be 20 automatic. It doesn’t effect to
electrical sounding.
 Program step effects to the next program ID. It often is 0, +1, -1.
3.5.3 Program
An program is an invisible table listed with electrode spacing parameters (namely, AB/2, MN/2, etc)
together with an index number (which is called by “Program ID”), specially designed to save up to 100
groups of electrode spacing parameters (i.e., max. Program ID is 100).
This program is created when the space parameters are inputted point by point (i.e., survey point on
a survey line) during the measurement of the first survey line, under certain electrode arrays, since
that system will memorize the parameters and take them for the later use. The instrument will
calculate K for measuring resistivity.
Operation:
Page 18 of 34
≡Set menu≡
4P-VES
1. New file Prg ID: 1
2. Load file
AB/2=350.00
3. Initial and step
4. Input program MN/2=120.00
5. Accessibility K= 5654.8667
6. Data Time Language
[←] [→]
Fig. 3-9 Set program

Once enter the interface,
1) Press “ENTER” button, then number button to program, then press “ENTER” button.
2) After the above step, system automatically calls the corresponding group of program.
3) If it is the right program, press “EXIT” button and the corresponding array factor (also called as
geometrical factor) K value appears on the display screen.
4) If the electrode spaces need to be modified, directly press number buttons to modify them and
then press “ENTER” button.
At this time, the cursor flickers where the data are to be inputted; only data are modified and “EXIT”
button is pressed will system exit and display K value.
 In fact, program ID indicates location of this group of space in this table. For each
input of an program ID, DO check and make sure electrode spaces are the same with
the actual layout of the electrodes in field, then press “EXIT” button.
 If an program ID is inputted but the display reads “*”, then there is no program
under this ID.
3.5.4 Accessibility
This function for choose if the instrument save the measure data automatically.
Operation
≡Menu≡ Accessibility
1. New file
2. Load file 1. Auto save : N
3. Initial and step
4. Input program
5. Accessibility 1 Enter
6. Data Time Language
Fig. 3-10 Set Accessibility

Press “1” button, then press “ENTER” button to choose “Y” or “N”. After choose, press “EXIT” button
to complete.
Page 19 of 34

3.5.5 Set Data and Time
This function is for setting or modify data and time of the system.
≡Menu≡ Date and time

1. New file
1. 11 Y 03 M 15 D
2. Load file
3. Initial and step 2. 09 H 57 M 51 S
4. Input program 3. Language: english
5. Accessibility
6. Data Time Language 1 2 3 Enter
Fig. 3-11 Set data and time
3.6 Measure
3.6.1 Measure Built-in Battery Voltage
Operation
Press “BATTERY” button, there will be a interface like below:
Battery voltage
10.7V
[Bat] [Enter]
Fig. 3-12 Display of battery voltage
If the voltage is lower than 6.6V, there will be a display as “The voltage is too low!”
3.6.2 Measure Self-Potential (SP)

At certain sampling rate, WDDS-2/2B meter measures and display self potential between M and N;
unit is mV.
Operation
1) Press “SP” button to measure self-potential.
2) Press any button to exit (except “SP” button) from this function.
 Appearance of “WDDS-2/2B RESISTIVITY METER” interface (i.e., Initial Interface)

indicates that one function finishes and that system returns to the main program. Only
when a meaningless button is pressed will this interface disappear; it is the same for
other functions involved in this user’s manual and not to be mentioned hereafter.
3.6.3 Measure Grounding Resistivity

Press “Rg”, there will be a interface like below:
Page 20 of 34
Grounding R
680Ω
[Rg] [Enter]
Fig. 3-13 Display of grounding resistance
If the resistivity is larger than 5KΩ, there will be a display as “[NOTE:007]The Rg is too large!”
3.6.4 Measure Resistivity

1) Wiring well all the cables before measurement, and then turn on the high voltage transmitting
power source.
2) Press “MEASURE” button to start measure.
 If high voltage transmitting power source is inverse-wiring, system clews

“[NOTE:013]Battery vol=%.1fV, vol is too low, can't measure”.
 If high voltage transmitting power source is not switched on, system clews “Please
turn on HV”.
 If measuring current is less than 1mA, system clews “[NOTE:029]AB is
open-circuited”.
 If it is in No.2 and NO.4 electrode array configurations (3P-VES and 3P-PREL, please
refer to Section 2.2 and Section 2.4 in the attached Electrode Array User’s Manual),
after measurement, it clews “A - Electrode?”; press “ENTER” button to agree or press
any other button to deny being powered by A electrode but by B electrode.
3) After measurement, system displays all the measured results.

4) Press any button and system asks for point number;
5) Input a point number and press “ENTER” button to save the data into the data point and go on
to the next measuring;
6) Or press “EXIT” button to exit from measuring state and give up storing the data, at the same
time, a book appears at the right top of the screen, indicating that data of previous measuring have
not been saved yet.
3.6.5 Data Display Format
SL:
Point:
SP=
VP=
IP=
Ro=
Fig.3-14 Measured data displayed
SL：Survey line Point: survey point

SP: Self-potential (unit: mV) VP: primary field voltage (unit: mV)
IP: primary field current (unit: mA) Ro: electrical resistivity (unit: Ωm)
Page 21 of 34
 Resistivity repetition error (e) refers to the relative error between two measured
results that carried out at a same point, while spaces among electrodes keep the
same.
 When space among the electrodes alters, the resistivity repetition error is deleted
to zero.
3.7 Display Data and Survey Line Table
≡Menu≡
1. New file curve：R0

2. Load file
3. Initial and step
4. Input program
5. Accessibility → ↑↓ Browse curves
6. DataTimeLanguage
Fig.3-15 Do display curve
Press “↑” and “↓” to choose the curve need to display, then press “ENTER” to show as following:
Error line
Fig.3-16 Display of R0 curve
 The real line is the location of cursor, which is also the location of the measuring
point on the curve.
 The dotted line is named error rod, which is the line of different measuring result
on the same measuring point.
 Press “Enter” button to return page.
Electric Sounding
Curve of the horizontal axis is logarithm coordinates of AB/2. Press “↑”/“↓” button to see the
repeated point data of the same electrode space, press “←” /“→” to see measured data of different
electrode space(AB/2).
Electric Sounding
The horizontal axis is linear coordinates of the measured point. Vertical axis is logarithmic coordinates
when it shows the apparent resistivity R0, is linear coordinates when it shows SP. Press “↑”/“↓”
button to see the repeated point data of the same electrode space, press “←” /“→” to see measured
data of different electrode space(AB/2).
Page 22 of 34

When the interface displays figure above, press “DISPLAY” button to switch interface as:
Point:123 A
AB/2: 45
SP = -11.677 mV
VP = 35.653 mV
IP = 153.532 mA
R0 = 45.358 Ωm
Fig.3-17 Display of data
Press “↑”/“↓” button to see the repeated point data of the same electrode space, press “←” /“→” to
see measured data of different electrode space(AB/2). Press “4” button to switch measured data of
AMN∞ and ∞MNB of 3P-VES and electrical profiling. Press “5” button to turn page for other data
(when there are many “Res and IP” measuring parameter) .Press “DISPALY” to switch curve display
and data display. Press “EXIT” to turn back to main interface. If the interface displays data when exit,
the interface will display data when enter again.
 There will be 3 sets if AB electrode space data when using Com-PRFL. The interface
displays one set of AB electrode space data in one time, it conclude curve measured with
A,B power supply. A power supply is displayed as solid line and B is displayed as dotted line.
 Press “↑”/“↓” to see apparent resistivity AMN∞ and ∞MNB. Press “←” /“→” to see
apparent resistivity of other survey point.
Fig.3-18 Curve of AMN∞ and ∞MNB
3.8 Save Measured Data

Operation:
1) Only when a book appears at top right corner of the screen can “SAVE” button be pressed to
save the data.
2) Pressing “SAVE” button once again, the previous point number saved is displayed.
3) If to measure the same point, press “ENTER” button to replace the previous measured result
with the new data reading; if to measure a new point, add 1 to the point number (input the data once
again) and then press “ENTER” button.
 Since that save function will result in replacement of the previous measured data,
DO think it over during fieldwork to avoid loss of useful data.
 While inputting line number and point number, press “EXIT” button to get back and
the data are not saved.
Page 23 of 34

3.9 Delete Data
On main menu, press “ DELETE” button
Delete Menu
WDDS-2 ….. HELP
1. Delete a line
……………………………………… 2. Delete all
………………………………………
……………………………………… 1 2 Enter
………………………………………
Delete Menu
1. Delete a profile
2. Delete all
1 2 Enter
Fig.3-19 Delete data
For choose “1”, the screen will prompt you to choose a line or profile.
1 Choose one 【Enter】 Delete

13 line/profile by “7”,
69 “9”, “8”, “5”, and 【Other】 Exit
77 then press “enter”
←→↑↓ 46 Enter
Fig.3-20 Delete data of one profile
For choose “2”, the screen will prompt as following
Delete all profile?
【Enter】 Delete
【Other】 Exit
Fig.3-21 Choose if delete all data
Data deleted will not recover. Please think it over before executing this operation for fear
of loss of useful data.
Page 24 of 34
CHAPTER FOUR: FIELD OPERATING

PROCESS
4.1 Comparison of Operating Process between Electric
Sounding and Electric Profiling
Fig.4-1 Comparison of operating process between electric sounding and electric profiling
Page 25 of 34

4.2 Case of Electric Sounding
1) Principle
Fig. 4-2 Wiring of WDDS-2

Voltage:48v
Electrode: 4pcs
Array: 4P-VES Schlumberger
The first measuring point: AB/2=3, MN/2=1
The second measuring point: AB/2=4, MN/2=1
……..
as following table:
ID AB/2(M) MN/2(M) K
1 3 1.00 12.566371
2 4 1.00 23.561945
3 5 1.00 37.699112
4 6 1.00 54.977871
5 7 1.00 40.567845
Table 4-1 Program
2) Measure the first point
Arrange layout as above picture, AM=MN=NB=2m, then turn on mainframe. Press “BATTERY” to
measure the battery voltage, then press “Rg” to measure grounding resistance and press “SP” to
measure self potential.
Press “SET” to set parameter. Firstly, press “1” and “ENTER” to set a new file.
Page 26 of 34
≡New file≡
≡Menu≡
1. Input file name:
1. New file
123
2. Load file
2. Array:
3. Initial and step
4P-VES
4. Input program
5. Accessibility
6. DataTimeLanguage 1 2 Enter
Fig. 4-3 Set new file
After set new file, press “EXIT” to return to “Menu”.

Then, press “3” and “ENTER” to set initial program and program step.
≡Initial and step≡
1. Point: 1.00
2. Point step: 1.00
3. Prg ID: 1
4. Prg step: 0
1 2 3 4 Enter
Fig. 4-4 Interface of initial and step
After it’s done, press “EXIT” to return to “Menu”.

It’s time to set program, press “4” and “ENTER”, it will turn to interface as:
4P-VES
Prg ID: 1
AB/2=3.00
MN/2=1.00
K= 12.566371
[←]Fig.4-4 Set program[→]
Fig.4-5 Interface of setting program
The “k” is calculated automatically. Then press “EXIT” to return to “Menu”

Then press “5” and “ENTER” to set automaitically save, then press “EXIT” “6” “ENTER” to set data and
time. Then press “EXIT” two times to turn to the main interface.
At last, press “MEASURE” to measure R0.
Page 27 of 34
Point:123 A
AB/2: 3.00
SP = -11.677 mV
VP = 35.653 mV
IP = 153.532 mA
R0 = 45.358 Ωm
Fig. 4-6 Display of data

3) Measure the second point
Change the distance of A,B,M,N as program 2. Measure battery voltage, grounding resistance
and self potential. The “Initial and step” and “Program” interface should be set as below:
≡Initial and step≡ 4P-VES

1. Point: 1.00
Program: 2
2. Point step: 1.00
3. Prg ID: 2 AB/2=4.00
4. Prg step: 0 MN/2=1.00
K= 23.561945
1 2 3 4 Enter
[←] [→]
Fig.4-7 Set program
After parameter setting be done, press “MEASURE” to get the data of the second point.
4) Measure the third point
Do step as last point, just change the distance of A,B,M,N and program parameter.
5) Display the curve
Turn the mainframe to the main interface, press “DISPLAY” and see the interface:
curve：R0
↑↓ browse curves
Fig.4-8 Interface of choose curve
Press “ENTER” to view the curve of R0 and “↑” and “↓” to change the point.
Page 28 of 34
CHAPTER FIVE : TROUBLESHOOTING

5.1 Troubleshooting for Mainframe
Problem Causes Analysis Solution
Charge the instrument or use external 12V DC power

Voltage of mainframe is too low.
supply.
Cant’t boot or no
display If the screen is black, press “↓” 20 times; If the screen is
LCD contrast is inappropriate. light but no character, press “↑” 20 times; If there is still
no display, please contact us.
Current supply is small, VP is lower than 1mV, it can’t suppress

Increase DC high voltage or increase MN space.
random noise.
Wiring processing electrode with mainframe, water the
Measurement Measuring electrode is open-circuit, grounding is not good. ground and dig the electrode deeper to improve the
grounding condition.
parameter is not
Workspace is near the transformers, power lines and other strong
accurate or very Deviate from the survey line,
industrial disturbance to grounding, there is underground strong
be away from noise
different cable metal pipelines and others.
Battery voltage of mainframe is too low, internal device can’t work Charge the instrument or use external 12V DC power
normally. supply.
Check it with four-electrode method, once confirmation;
Voltage measurement channel of the instrument is damage.
return it to the factory for maintenance.
Wiring between cell box and mainframe is not good, or battery is
Re-wiring after check or replace battery If using built-in
Power supply is inputted in a wrong direction, load capacity is not good, reverse the
DC high voltage, please charge it.
positive and negative of high voltage power supply.
open-circuit
Wiring between electrode and mainframe is broken Replace the wiring line.
Page 29 of 35
Power supply part of the instrument is damage Return it to the factory for maintenance.
Current supply is larger than the max current of instrument. Decrease DC high voltage.
Current supply is
AB power supply loop is short-circuiting. Check AB power supply loop, rewiring line.
too large
Power supply pipe of the instrument is damage. Return it to the factory for maintenance.
5.2 Troubleshooting for Built-in High Voltage of WDDS-2B
Trouble Causes Analysis Approach
Stop measuring and power-off, return to work after

The indicate light indicate light stop flashing. If the transmitting voltage is
Over-temperate（The temperate is higher than 65℃）
is flashing not the minimum, the instrument will reduce it to
decrease exothermal automatically.
continuous. Overload（Minimum transmitting voltage is 50V, current supply is still Increase power supply electrode space AB/2, use external
over 350mA. 12V DC power supply.
Stop measuring; return to work after the temperature is
IP significantly When over-temperate, transmitting voltage increases automatically.
decreased.
deceased rapidly Reduce transmitting voltage, use external 12V DC power
Load is greater than 350mA with a long time
supply.
Page 30 of 34
Page 31 of 35
APPENDIX A: TERMS AND COMMANDS

INTERPRETATION
Terms and commands Interpretation
AB is off! AB power supply cut！
A-Electrode? A electrode power supply
Array Array mode
Delete Line Eliminate one profile line
Delete All Eliminate all data
Confirm to delete! Affirm elimination！
Data do not save! Data have not been saved
Delay Time Power-on delay time
Dist. Number Code for the group of electrode spaces
Error 01: I>MAX! Current too high!
Error 02: BAT Lower! Battery’s voltage too low!
Error 01: SP>MAX! Self-potential is too high!
Error 04: R>MAX! Ground resistance too high!
Error 05: HV<0!!! High voltage reverse wiringed
Gain Plus
Initializing… Initialization…
K>MAX (or K<MIN)! K too high (or K too low)!
Line is empty! Line is empty!
Line Number Line Number
Memory is full! Memory is full!
NL does not exist! Line does not exist
NP does not exist! Point does not exist
No. Number
Over current! Over current!
Over volt! Over voltage!
Please turn on HV. Please turn on high voltage
Please Wait… Please Wait…
Press any button! Press any button!
RESISTIVITYMETER resistivity arrangement
Stop Stop power supply
Size Survey point on or length of a survey line
Test Amp Testing amplifier
WDDS-2/2B Instrument model
+Supply Positive power supply
- Supply Negative power supply
1. 4P-VES Four-pole vertical electrical sounding
2. 3P-VES Composite vertical electrical sounding (include Three-pole
vertical electrical sounding)
3. 4P-PRFL Four-pole roll-along profiling
Page 32 of 34
4. 3P-PRFL Composite profiling (include Three-pole roll-along profiling)
6. DIPOLE Dipole-dipole
7. IP-BUG Ground well electrical prospecting
8. Input K Input K value
9. 5P-VES Five-electrode vertical electrical sounding
1/3V Voltage magnify times: 1/3
1V Voltage magnify times: 1
1/2I current magnify times: 1/2
1I current magnify times: 1
10 I current magnify times: 10
100 I current magnify times: 100
BAT=…mV Battery voltage=…millivolt
SP=…mV Self-potential =…millivolt
V= Voltage=
I= Current=
MD= Delay time= (unit: 0.1 second)
e= Resistivity repetition error (unit: %)
K= K value
AM= Refer to Electrode Array User’s Manual
AN= Refer to Electrode Array User’s Manual
AB= Refer to Electrode Array User’s Manual
OC= Refer to Electrode Array User’s Manual
MN/2 Refer to Electrode Array User’s Manual
OB= Refer to Electrode Array User’s Manual
X(0-O”)= Refer to Electrode Array User’s Manual
Y= Refer to Electrode Array User’s Manual
X-MN= Refer to Electrode Array User’s Manual
X-AB= Refer to Electrode Array User’s Manual
R= Resistivity=
THETA= Refer to Electrode Array User’s Manual
NL= Line=
NP= Point=
DA= D/A transmitting=
Page 33 of 34
APPENDIX B: D ATE CONVERTER

The suffix of WDDS-2/2B data file is WDA, format is binary. Please use “WDAFC.EXE” converter
software to convert data file to surfer format.
Operation:
1) Wiring WDDS-2/2B and computer. Turn on the instrument and it will be identified as a U disk
storage, and the internal data file can be operated as normal U disk storage.
Wiring of the instrument and computer should be done when the instrument displays its
main interface, or the mainframe can’t be identified as U disk storage.
2) Open converter software “WDAFC.EXE” as following figure:
3) Click surfer and there is a “√” as the figure.

4) Click “Open WDA data file to convert”, and drag the mouse to choose the file needed as following
figure:
Click “Open”, the software will convert all file you have choose, and save the convert result in current
data folder.
Page 34 of 34

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WDDS-2

Digital Resistivity Meter

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual

Chapter One: Concept........................................................................................................ 4

Chapter Two: Overview..................................................................................................... 7

Chapter Three: Operation.............................................................................................. 13

Chapter Four: Field Operating Process..................................................................... 25

Chapter Five: Troubleshooting..................................................................................... 29

Appendix A: Terms and Commands Interpretation.............................................. 32

Appendix B: Date Converter.......................................................................................... 34

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual

CHAPTER ONE : CONCEPT

Fig.1-1 Electric profiling

8. Electric sounding：similar to electric profiling on variety, electric sounding includes many

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual

Fig.1-2 Electric sounding

9. Main concept comparison between electric profiling and electric sounding.

No. Electric Profiling Vertical Electric Sounding

5 Profile name is file name Station name is file name

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual

Program is AB/2 and MN/2 in 4P-VES and is OB and MN/2 in 3P-VES.

Program interface Program table

The AB/2 will be OA or OB in 3P-VES.

≡Initial and step≡

Fig.1-7 Interface of setting Program step

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual

CHAPTER TWO : OVERVIEW

Fig.2-1 WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter

WDDS-2/2B digital resistivity meter (hereafter also referred to as WDDS-2/2B mainframe or

2.2 Main Features

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual

2.3 Technical Specifications

SP compensation range ±10V

Current channel 3.5A，±0.5% ±1LSB，24 bit A/D

Max transmitting power 3500W

Max voltage supply ±1000V（2000Vp-p）

Max current ±3.5A（7Ap-p）

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual

Working temperature -10℃~+50℃, 95 %RH

Storage temperature -20℃~+60℃

Weight ≤ 4.2 Kg (WDDS-2) ≤ 5.5 Kg (WDDS-2B)

2.4 Function of Panel

Fig. 2-2 Front panel of WDDS-2

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual

Button Function I Function II Function III

The number “0” Set menu shortcuts

The number “1” Measure battery voltage

The number “3” Measure SP

Switch display of A,B set

Turn page when

The number “6” Page turning

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual

Less pole No. or survey

Turn page when

Increase pole No. or survey

Decimal point Display data or curve

Minus Start measuring power

Delete one file or

Save data after

Fig. 2-3 Front panel of WDDS-2B

WDDS-2/2B Digital Resistivity Meter User’s Manual