Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
SOLUTION #7
a)
In the absence of friction, the energy of the bead is conserved so that on each
point of the track we have:
mv 2
+ mgH = Constant
2
1
0 + mgh = mv 2 + mg × 2R
2 A
1
mv 2 = mg(3.30R − 2R)
2 A p
vA = 2gR(3.30 − 2)
p
= 2.6gR
2
0.2.
b)
On point A, the centripetal force is the sum of gravity force and the normal
force:
mv 2 gR
N + mg = = m × 2.6
R R
N = mg(2.6 − 1)
= 5.20 × 9.81 × 1.6 × 10−3
= 0.018N
0.2
Two objects are connected by a light string passing over a light, fric-
tionless pulley as shown in the figure below. The object of mass m1 =
6.60 kg is released from rest at a height h = 3.40 m above the table.
a)
In the isolated system assumption, the total energy of the whole system is
conserved. Let’s take the table as our reference for heights. At rest, the total
energy is just the potential energy due to gravity of mass m1 that is m1 gh.
2 2
Once mass m1 hits the table this energy becomes : m12v + m22v + m2 gh
3
N.B. The two masses are moving with the same speed due to the strained
string.
Therefore,
1 1
m1 gh = m1 v 2 + m2 v 2 + m2 gh
2
s 2
2gh(m1 − m2 )
v =
m1 + m2
r
2 × 9.81 × 3.40 × (6.60 − 3.00)
=
6.60 + 3.00
= 5.00m/s
b)
Mass m1 still on the table, Mass m2 will keep ascending till its speed becomes
zero where it reaches a height H. Energy is again conserved between the mo-
ments m2 was at height h and height H:
m2 v 2
m2 gH = m2 gh +
2
v2
H = h+
2g
52
= 3.40 +
2 × 9.81
= 4.67m
4
0.3.
0.3
Due to friction, energy is not conserved. We can follow the same steps we used
in problem 3 Homework # 5 to dervive the acceleration of the two masses:
5
0.4
a)
+y
~
N +x
f~k θ
θ
m~g
6
0.4.
1 1 5.20 × 8.402
mv 2 − mv 2 = 0−
2 f 2 i 2
= −183.46J
b)
c)
The change in the total energy is the work done by friction forces:
d)
fk = µk N = µk mg cos θ
fk
µk =
mg cos θ
35.7
=
5.20 × 9.81 × cos 30
= 0.808
7
0.5
The combined mass of the child and the pogo stick is 27.5 kg. Al-
though the boy must lean forward to remain balanced, the angle is
small, so let’s assume the pogo stick is vertical. Also assume the boy
does not bend his legs during the motion.
a)
The system is at rest at point A (no kinetic energy), the total energy is just
the potential energy:
1 2
Etotal = kx + mgxA
2 A
1
= × 25500(−0.130)2 + 27.5 × 9.81 × (−0.130)
2
= 180.40J
b)
C is another point of rest and the total energy is just the potential energy.
1 2
Etotal = 180.40 = kx + mgxC
2 C
25500 2
= xc + 27.5 × 9.81xC
2
Solving this equation leads to two values of xC : x =-0.130m which is the lower
extermum (Point A), and xC =0.109m.
c)
Another way to see Energy conservation law is to understand that that what’s
gained as a potential energy is lost as a kinetic energy and vice versa. Kinetic
energy is at its maximum when potential energy is at its minimum.
1 2
Epot = kx + mgx
2
The minium is to be found by the condition :
dEpot (x)
= 0
dx
kx + mg = 0
mg
x = −
k
27.5 × 9.81
= −
25500
= −10.6mm
The position x = −10.6mm found above is the point of maximum kinetic
energy. Energy conservation will give:
Etotal = 180.40J = Ekin + Epot
= Ekin + mgx
Ekin = 180.40 − 27.5 × 9.81 × (−0.0106)
= 183.25J
9
and the maximum upward speed is :
r
2Ekin
v =
m
r
2 × 183.25
=
27.5
= 3.65m/s
0.6
Between B and C, energy is not conserved due to friction. The change in energy
is the work done by friction : 12 mvC
2
− 12 mvB
2
= f~k · d~ = −µk N d = −µk mgd
Remember N = mg from 2nd Law.
10
0.7.
All in all,
1 2 1 2
−µk mgd = mvC − mvB
2 2
1
= k(∆x)2 − mgh
2
h k(∆x)2
µk = −
d 2mgd
3 2200 × 0.22
= −
6 2 × 10 × 9.81 × 6
= 0.425
0.7
Let’s use the isolated system model consisting of the two blocks. Energy con-
servation requires that the change in potential energy for the system m1 + m2
is of same magnitude as the change in kinetic energy but with oposite sign.
∆Kin = −∆P ot
11
The two blocks are connected and move with the same speed v, we should have:
1 1 1
m1 v 2 + m2 v 2 = −(m1 g∆H1 + m2 g∆H2 + 0 − k(∆H2 )2 )
2 2 2
1
(m1 + m2 )v 2 = −(m1 gh sin θ − m2 gh − kh2 )
s 2
2gh(m2 − m1 sin θ) + kh2
v =
m1 + m2
r
2 × 9.81 × 0.24(32 − 18 sin 40) + 220 × (0.24)2
=
32 + 18
= 1.48m/s
0.8
This amount of energy is then used to reach a height h, the gain in poten-
tial energy is provided by the 151200 Joules supplied by the scooter battery.
Therefore,
mgh = 151200J
151200
h =
930
= 163m
12
0.9.
0.9
A 0.18-kg stone is held 1.4 m above the top edge of a water well and
then dropped into it. The well has a depth of 4.7 m.
a)
Relative to the chosen configuration for potential energy, the stone is at height
h1 = 1.4m before its release and the gravitational potential energy is:
Ep1 = mgh1
= 0.18 × 9.81 × 1.4
= 2.47J
b)
Relative to the chosen configuration for potential energy, the stone is at height
h2 = −4.7m at the bottom of the well and the gravitational potential energy
is:
Ep2 = mgh2
= −0.18 × 9.81 × 4.7
= −8.29J
13
c)
From its release to reaching the bottom, the gravitational potential energy
change is:
14