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ENSC1002
MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR:FROM ATOMS TO BRIDGES
PLEASE NOTE
Examination candidates may only bring authorised materials into the examination room. If a supervisor
finds, during the examination, that you have unauthorised material, in whatever form, in the vicinity of your
desk or on your person, whether in the examination room or the toilets or en route to/from the toilets, the
matter will be reported to the head of school and disciplinary action will normally be taken against you. This
action may result in your being deprived of any credit for this examination or even, in some cases, for the
whole unit. This will apply regardless of whether the material has been used at the time it is found.
Therefore, any candidate who has brought any unauthorised material whatsoever into the examination
room should declare it to the supervisor immediately. Candidates who are uncertain whether any material
is authorised should ask the supervisor for clarification.
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Question 1a. Determine the force in each member of the loaded truss.
4m
A 3m 6m 3m
[7]
Question 1b. The water in a tank is pressurised by air and the pressure is measured by a
multifluid manometer as shown below. The tank is located at an altitude of 1500m where
the atmospheric pressure is 83.6 kPa. Determine the air pressure in the tank if h1 = 0.1m,
h2 = 0.2m and h3 = 0.35m. Take the densities of water, oil and mercury to be 1000 kg/m3,
850 kg/m3 and 13 600 kg/m3, respectively.
[8]
Question 1c. Explain the relationship between the structure, processing and properties of
a material. Illustrate your answer with an example from the world of metals or alloys.
[10]
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Question 2a Determine the range of values that the mass m0 may have so that the 100‐kg
block shown in the figure will neither start moving up the plane nor slip down the plane.
The coefficient of static friction for the contact surfaces is 0.3.
[5]
2b. For the following pin‐jointed trusses, determine the force in each member, indicating
whether the member should be designed for tension or compression.
[10]
Question 2c. In a particular application, a polymer needs to be loaded under a constant
force for a hundred years. Explain why doing short term testing is not appropriate to
determine the total strain and how you can overcome this problem.
[10]
4
Question 3a. For each of the following beams calculate the internal shear force and
bending moment as functions of the distance x from the left‐hand end. Plot the bending
moment and shear force diagrams, and determine the maximum bending moment and
shear force in each case.
[15]
Question 3b. . Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites consist of high modulus carbon
fibres in a lower modulus epoxy matrix.
(a) Use a stress‐strain graph to show that the stress in the fibre is greater than in
matrix
(b) Explain how the toughness of the epoxy in improved through the addition of the
carbon fibres.
[10]
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Question 4a Determine the resultant force of the linearly‐varying distributed load
indicated in the diagram (magnitude and position) and then compute the reactions at the
beam supports.
[9]
7 kN/m
3 kN/m
3m 5m 2m
Question 4b. A long, solid cylinder of radius 0.8m, hinged at point A in the figure below is
used as an automatic gate. When the water level reaches 5m, the gate opens by rotating
about the hinge at point A. Determine:
a) The hydrostatic force acting on the cylinder and its line of action when the gate
opens, and
[12]
b) The mass of the cylinder per metre length of the cylinder
[4]
Assume that friction at the hinge is negligible and the density of water is 1000 kg/m3.
4.2m
A
R=0.8m
0.8m Water
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Question 5. Determine the forces in members BC, BE and BF. The triangles are equilateral
triangles.
A B
30°
D
G F E
L
[10]
Question 5b. A concrete dam retains water to a height of 20m as shown. The dam rests on
natural ground and the coefficient of friction between the ground and the concrete dam is
0.3. The density of concrete is 2 400kg/m3. Determine:
a) If the dam will slide (horizontally) under the action of the water pressure, and
b) If the dam will rotate about point A (the right hand toe ) under the action of the
water pressure.
5m
20m Water
Concrete
A
8m
[15]
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