India Prowessdx Data Dictionary PDF

Prowessdx India
Database Dictionary
Compiled on: July 2, 2019
C ENTRE FOR M ONITORING I NDIAN E CONOMY P VT. LTD .

Table of Contents i
Contents
1 Identity 1
Prowess company code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Prowess company name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Short name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
MCA’s CIN code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
ISIN code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
State code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
ROC registration number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Entity type code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Entity type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Ownership code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Industry type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Main product/service code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Main product/service name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Industry group code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Industry name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
NIC tree code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
NIC code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
NIC name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Incorporation year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Age code by year of incorporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Age category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Size code by deciles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Size by deciles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
NSE symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
BSE scrip code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
BSE code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
BSE scrip id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
BSE group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
First trading date on NSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Date of suspension on NSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Date of end of suspension on NSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Delisting date on NSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
First trading date on BSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Date of suspension on BSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Date of end of suspension on BSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Delisting date on BSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Registrar’s name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Registrar office address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Registrar office pincode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Registrar office telephone number/s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Registrar office fax number/s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Prowessd x July 2, 2019

ii Table of Contents
Registrar office email address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Registrar website address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Registered office address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Registered office city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Registered office district code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Registered office district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Registered office state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Registered office pincode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Registered office telephone number/s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Registered office fax number/s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Registered office email address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Head office address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Head office city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Head office district code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Head office district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Head office state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Head office pincode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Head office telephone number/s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Head office fax number/s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Head office email address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Corporate office address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Corporate office city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Corporate office district code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Corporate office district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Corporate office state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Corporate office pincode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Corporate office telephone number/s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Corporate office fax number/s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Corporate office email address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
2 History of Company Name Changes 77

Date of company name change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Company name change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3 History of Classifications 83
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Information type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Product group code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Product group name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Industry code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Industry name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
NIC code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
NIC name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Ownership code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Code of Size decile in All industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Size decile in All industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Code of Size decile in industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Size decile in industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4 Board of Directors 101

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Table of Contents iii
Name of director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Committee name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
MCA’s DIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Designation category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Meetings attended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Salary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Directors sitting fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Contribution to provident fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Bonus / Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Perquisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Retirement benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Total remuneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Executive/Non-executive classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Promoter/non-promoter classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Independent/non-independent classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
No of other companies chairperson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Has resigned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
No of committee positions held . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Has retired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Last AGM attended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Appointment date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Resignation date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
No of other companies director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Designation order number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5 Equity Ownership Pattern 131

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Total number of equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Shares held by promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Shares held by Indian promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Shares held by Indian individuals and hindu undivided families as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Shares held by central and state government/s as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Shares held by Indian corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Shares held by financial institutions and banks as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Shares held by other promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Shares held by foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Shares held by foreign individuals (NRIs & POIs) as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Shares held by foreign corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Shares held by foreign institutions as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Shares held by qualified foreign promoter investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Shares held by other foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Shares held by groups of like-minded individuals as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Shares held by non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Shares held by institutions as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Shares held by mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Shares held by banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Shares held by insurance companies as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Shares held by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Shares held by central and state government/s as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Shares held by foreign institutional investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Shares held by venture capital funds as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Shares held by foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Shares held by qualified foreign instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

iv Table of Contents
Shares held by other institutional investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Shares held by non-institutional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Shares held by corporate bodies as investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Shares held by individual investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Shares held by individual investors with a share capital of up to Rs. 1 lakh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Shares held by individual investors with share capital exceeding Rs. 1 lakh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Shares held by qualified foreign non-instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Shares held by other investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Shares held by custodians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Shares held by custodians for promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Shares held by custodians for non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Total equity shares in per cent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Proportion of shares held by promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Proportion of shares held by Indian promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Proportion of shares held by Indian individuals and hindu undivided families as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Proportion of shares held by central and state government/s as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Proportion of shares held by Indian corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Proportion of shares held by financial institutions and banks as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Proportion of shares held by other promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Proportion of shares held by foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Proportion of shares held by foreign individuals (including NRIs) as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Proportion of shares held by foreign corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Proportion of shares held by foreign institutions as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Proportion of shares held by qualified foreign promoter investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Proportion of shares held by other foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Proportion of shares held by groups of like-minded individuals as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Proportion of shares held by non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Proportion of shares held by institutions as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Proportion of shares held by mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Proportion of shares held by banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Proportion of shares held by insurance companies as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Proportion of shares held by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Proportion of shares held by central and state government/s as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Proportion of shares held by foreign institutional investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Proportion of shares held by venture capital funds as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Proportion of shares held by foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Proportion of shares held by other institutions as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Proportion of shares held by non-institutional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Proportion of shares held by corporate bodies as investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Proportion of shares held by individual investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Proportion of shares held by individual investors with a share capital of up to Rs. 1 lakh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Proportion of shares held by individual investors with share capital exceeding Rs. 1 lakh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Proportion of shares held by qualified foreign non-instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Proportion of shares held by other investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Proportion of shares held by custodians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Proportion of shares held by custodians for promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Proportion of shares held by custodians for non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Total number of demat shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Demat shares held by promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Demat shares held by Indian promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Demat shares held by Indian individuals and hindu undivided families as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Demat shares held by central and state government/s as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Demat shares held by Indian corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Demat shares held by financial institutions and banks as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Demat shares held by other promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Demat shares held by foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Demat shares held by foreign individuals (including NRIs) as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Table of Contents v
Demat shares held by foreign corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Demat shares held by foreign institutions as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Demat shares held by qualified foreign promoter investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Demat shares held by other foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Demat shares held by groups of like-minded individuals as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Demat shares held by non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Demat shares held by institutions as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Demat shares held by mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Demat shares held by banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Demat shares held by insurance companies as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Demat shares held by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Demat shares held by central and state government/s as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Demat shares held by foreign institutional investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Demat shares held by venture capital funds as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Demat shares held by foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Demat shares held by qualified foreign instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Demat shares held by other institutions as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Demat shares held by non-institutional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Demat shares held by corporate bodies as investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Demat shares held by individual investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Demat shares held by individual investors with a share capital of up to Rs. 1 lakh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Demat shares held by individual investors with share capital exceeding Rs. 1 lakh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Demat shares held by qualified foreign non-instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Demat shares held by other investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Demat shares held by custodians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Demat shares held by custodians for promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Demat shares held by custodians for non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Total number of individual shareholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Number of individual holders in promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Number of individual holders in Indian promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Number of individual holders in Indian individuals and hindu undivided families as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Number of individual holders in central and state government/s as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Number of individual holders in Indian corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Number of individual holders in financial institutions and banks as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Number of individual holders in other promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Number of individual holders in foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Number of individual holders in foreign individuals (including NRIs) as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Number of individual holders in foreign corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Number of individual holders in foreign institutions as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Number of individual holders in qualified foreign promoter investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Number of individual holders in other foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Number of individual holders in groups of like-minded individuals as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Number of individual holders in non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Number of individual holders in institutions as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Number of individual holders in mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Number of individual holders in banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Number of individual holders in insurance companies as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Number of individual holders in financial institutions and banks as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Number of individual holders in central and state government/s as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Number of individual holders in foreign institutional investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Number of individual holders in venture capital funds as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Number of individual holders in foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Number of individual holders in qualified foreign instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Number of individual holders in other institutions as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Number of individual holders in non-institutional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Number of individual holders in corporate bodies as investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Number of individual holders in individual investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

vi Table of Contents
Number of individual holders in individual investors with a share capital of up to Rs. 1 lakh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Number of individual holders in individual investors with share capital exceeding Rs. 1 lakh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Number of individual holders in qualified foreign non-instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Number of individual holders in other investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Number of individual holders in custodians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Number of individual holders in custodians for promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Number of individual holders in custodians for non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Total number of shares pledged. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Shares pledged by promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Shares pledged by Indian promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Shares pledged by Indian individuals and hindu undivided families as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Shares pledged by central and state government/s as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Shares pledged by Indian corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Shares pledged by financial institutions and banks as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Shares pledged by other promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Shares pledged by foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Shares pledged by foreign individuals (including NRIs) as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Shares pledged by foreign corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Shares pledged by foreign institutions as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Shares pledged by qualified foreign promoter investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Shares pledged by qualified foreign instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Shares pledged by other foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Shares pledged by non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Shares pledged by institutions as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Shares pledged by mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Shares pledged by banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Shares pledged by insurance companies as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Shares pledged by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Shares pledged by central and state government/s as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Shares pledged by foreign institutional investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Shares pledged by venture capital funds as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Shares pledged by foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Shares pledged by qualified foreign non-instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Shares pledged by other institutions as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Shares pledged which are held by custodians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Shares pledged which are held by custodians for promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Shares pledged which are held by custodians for non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Total of shares pledged in per cent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Proportion of shares pledged by promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Proportion of shares pledged by Indian promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Proportion of shares pledged by Indian individuals and hindu undivided families as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Proportion of shares pledged by central and state government/s as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Proportion of shares pledged by Indian corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Proportion of shares pledged by financial institutions and banks as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Proportion of shares pledged by qualified foreign promoter investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Proportion of shares pledged by other promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Proportion of shares pledged by foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Proportion of shares pledged by foreign individuals (including NRIs) as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Proportion of shares pledged by foreign corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Proportion of shares pledged by foreign institutions as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Proportion of shares pledged by qualified foreign instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Proportion of shares pledged by other foreign promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Proportion of shares pledged by non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Proportion of shares pledged by institutions as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Proportion of shares pledged by mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Proportion of shares pledged by banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Proportion of shares pledged by insurance companies as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Table of Contents vii
Proportion of shares pledged by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Proportion of shares pledged by central and state government/s as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Proportion of shares pledged by foreign institutional investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Proportion of shares pledged by venture capital funds as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Proportion of shares pledged by foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Proportion of shares held by qualified foreign instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Proportion of shares pledged by other institutions as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Proportion of shares pledged by qualified foreign non-instituitional investors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Proportion of shares pledged of those held by custodians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Proportion of shares pledged of those held by custodians for promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Proportion of shares pledged of those held by custodians non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Notes in shareholding pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Source from where data is captured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
6 Equity Ownership of Major Investors 345

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Type of shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Shareholder name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Number of shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Percentage of shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Number of shares in demat form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Number of share holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Number of shares pledged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Percentage of shares pledged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
7 Board Meetings 357

Exchange name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Abbreviated purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Purpose of meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Announcement date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
8 Subsidiaries 367
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Name of subsidiary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Effective date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
9 Auditors 373
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Auditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Partner name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
10 Bankers 379
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

viii Table of Contents
11 Related Party Transactions 385

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Related party type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Related party type name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Related party name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Total revenue receipts/income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Income from sale of goods to related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Income from services to related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Rent income from related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Interest income from related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Dividend income from related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Reimbursement of expenses by related party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Other income from related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Total revenue expenses/payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Payment for raw material/fin. goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Payment for energy, power and fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
Payment for salaries and wages to related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Payment for marketing expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Payment for processing charges/jobworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Payment for rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Payment for royalties/technical know-how fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Payment for interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Expenses reimbursed to related party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Payment for other revenue expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Payment for other operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Payment for dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Total share capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Share capital issued during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Outstanding share capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Share Application Money received during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Share Application Money received o/s (liab.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Total capital receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Receipts from sale of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Receipts from sale of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Total capital account payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Payment for fixed assets purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Payment for investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Share Application Money given during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Share Application Money given o/s (Asset) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Outstanding/Closing balance of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Outstanding/Closing balance of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Outstanding deposits placed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Net outstanding borrowings taken/loan given . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Outstanding loans and advances taken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Borrowings received during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Borrowings repaid during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Outstanding loans and advances given . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Loans & advances given during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
Loans & advances received back during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Net outstanding current receivables/payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
Current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Provision for doubtful debts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Margin Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
Margin Money Received during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Table of Contents ix
Margin Money Paid during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Margin Money Recd. o/s (liab.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Margin Money Paid o/s (Asset) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Guarantees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Outstanding guarantees given . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Guarantees given during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Outstanding guarantees taken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Guarantees taken during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Unclassified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
Transaction not specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
Loans not specified as given or received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Dividends not specified as given or received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Interest not specified as given or received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Rent not specified as given or received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
Services not specified as given or received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Maximum amount payable to related party during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Maximum amount receivable from related party during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
LoC/Stand by LoC given on behalf of related parties (conting.liab.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Other transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
12 Bulk and Block Deals 459

Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Deal type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Deal date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
Record number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Client code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Client name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Traded quantity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
Price per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
13 Insider Trading 471

Deal sequence number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
Deal type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Transaction from date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Transaction to date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
Deal disclosed by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Client name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
Mode of acquisition/sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Number of shares transacted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
Shares transacted in per cent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Shares held after transaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
Shares held in per cent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
14 Substantial Acquisition of Shares 487

Deal sequence number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
Deal type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
Transaction from date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Transaction to date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494

x Table of Contents
Deal disclosed by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

Client name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
Mode of acquisition/sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Number of shares transacted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
Shares transacted in per cent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Shares held after transaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
Shares held in per cent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
15 Standalone Annual Financial Statements 503

Company code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
AR Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Industrial sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Sales of goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
Sale of scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
Sale of raw materials and stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
Job-work income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
Income from repairs & maintenance including after-sales service income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
Construction income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Sale of electricity, gas and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
Fiscal benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
Export incentives including duty draw back, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
Fiscal benefits to oil companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Sales tax, VAT and GST benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
Other fiscal benefits and subsidies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Other industrial sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
Sales returns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Trade discount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
Income from non-financial services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Trading income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
Royalty income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
Rent income/Operating lease rent income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Income from financial services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Fee based financial services income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Brokerage & commission fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Other fee based financial services income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
Fund based financial services income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536
Interest on advances made by banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Interest earned by banks from RBI & banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
Interest earned by banks on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
Interest from other sources earned by banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
Income earned by banks from money market operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
Interest income of companies other than banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
Interest from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Interest income of cos other than banks from investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
Interest income of cos other than banks from short term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
Interest income of cos other than banks from long term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
Interest income of cos other than banks on overdue trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
Interest income of cos other than banks from loans and advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
Interest income of cos other than banks from money market operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
Interest income of cos other than banks from other sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Interest earned by non-banking companies from group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Table of Contents xi
Dividend income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Dividend income from short term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Dividend income from long term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Dividend from group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Bill discounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Leasing & hire purchase income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Lease equalisation adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Share of profit in partnership and JV firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
Profit on securitisation/assignment of assets and loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
Income from treasury operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
Gain on securities transactions & on sale of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Profit on long term investment and securities transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
Profit on current investment and securities transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
Profit on revaluation of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Gain relating to forex transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
Adjustments to the carrying amount of investments-reversals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Adjustments to the carrying amount of short term investments-reversals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
Adjustments to the carrying amount of long term investments-reversals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Other fund based financial services income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Other financial services income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
Expenses recovered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
Liquidated damages and claims received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
Amortisation of deferred income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Revenue government grant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
Miscellaneous income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Income from carbon credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
Prior period and extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Prior period income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
Cash prior period income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Bad debts recovered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Cash prior period income excluding bad debts recovered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Income tax refund (including interest) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
Non-cash prior period income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Provisions/impairment and credit balances written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Depreciation provision written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Tax provisions written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588
Write back of provision against trade receivables/advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
Write back of provision for impairment of investments on group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
Other provisions/impairment & credit balances written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
Non-cash prior period income excluding provisions written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
Extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
Profit on sale of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594
Insurance claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
Contra entry for depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
Gain on change in accounting policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Income from discontinuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
Gain on disposal of assets/settlement of liabilities of discontinuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Gain on corporate and debt restructuring (inclg. one time debt waiver) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
Profit on sale of investment in subsidiary, associates & JV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Other Extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
Less: Income capitalised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Less: Income transferred to DRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
Addendum information of Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
Tax deducted at source (TDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
Internal transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
Derived Indicators of Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

xii Table of Contents
Total income net of prior period and extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

Sales and change in stocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
Sales / Net fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610
Sources of growth in income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Sources of growth in total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Total assets utilisation ratio(times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Change in efficiency in use of total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612
Change in total income because of change in total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613
Change in total income because of change in efficiency in use of total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
Change in total income because of change in efficiency on change in total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
Share (%) of change in efficiency in use of total assets in change in total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
Share (%) of change in total assets in change in total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
Share (%) of change in efficiency on change in total assets in change in total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
Sources of growth in sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
Efficiency in use of NFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
Change in efficiency in use of NFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
Change in sales because of change in NFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621
Change in sales because of change in efficiency in use of NFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
Change in sales because of change in efficiency on change in NFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Share (%) of change in efficiency in use of NFA in change in sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624
Share (%) of change in NFA in change in sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
Share (%) of change in efficiency on change in NFA in change in sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
Change in stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627
Change in stock of finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628
Opening stock of finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Closing stock of finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
Change in stock of wip and semifinished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
Opening stock of wip and semifinished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
Closing stock of wip and semifinished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Change in stock of real estate and construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634
Change in stock of finished goods of real estate and construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Opening stock of finished goods of real estate and construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
Closing stock of finished goods of real estate and construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
Change in wip of real estate and construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
Opening stock of wip of construction activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
Closing stock of wip of construction activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
Change in Excise duty on stock of finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
Stock adjustment due to mergers & acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642
Stock adjustment due to hiving off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Stock adjustment for write offs or prov for deterioration, spoilage, etc of stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
Increase in stock due to change in valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Decrease in stock due to change in valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
Total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
Raw materials, stores & spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
Raw material expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Opening stock of raw materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
Raw material purchased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652
Less: cenvat credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Raw material acquired on mergers and acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
Less : raw material transferred on hive-off and de-mergers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Closing stock of raw material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656
Stores, spares, tools consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
Packaging and packing expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Purchase of finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
Power, fuel (including wheeling charges paid by electricity companies) & water charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
Power & fuel (including wheeling charges paid by electricity companies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661

Table of Contents xiii
Water charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662

Compensation to employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Salaries, wages, bonus, ex gratia pf & gratuities paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Salaries & wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
Bonus & ex gratia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
Contribution to provident fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
Gratuities and superannuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
Staff welfare & training expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
Staff welfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
Staff training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
Esop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
VRS amortised & payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
Voluntary retirement scheme (VRS) amortised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Payment under VRS (one time charge) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
Arrears paid during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676
Payments and reimbursement of expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Other expenses on employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
Less: Compensation to employees capitalised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
Less: Compensation to employees transferred to DRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
Executive directors’ remuneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Addendum information of Compensation to employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
Directors’ remuneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
Directors’ salary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
Director’s sitting fees and commission to non-executive director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Directors’ bonus and commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684
Directors’ perquisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Directors’ retirement benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686
Directors’ contribution to PF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
KMP remuneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
KMP salary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
KMP total remuneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
Indirect taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
Excise duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
Sales tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692
Value added tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
Goods and service tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694
Other indirect taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
Rates & taxes (including octroi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696
Turnover tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
Registration fees and stamp duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
Contribution to oil pool account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
Contribution to jpc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700
Interest tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
Service tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702
Mining cess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703
Miscellaneous indirect taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
Less: indirect tax credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
Royalties, technical know-how fees, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706
Royalty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
Technical know-how fees and technical service fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708
Licence fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
Rent & lease rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710
Lease rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
Finance lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712
Operating lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713
Other rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714
Amortisation of deferred loss on sale & lease back (operating lease) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715

xiv Table of Contents
Less: Amortisation of deferred gain on sale & lease back (operating lease) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716
Repairs & maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
Repairs & maintenance of buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718
Repairs & maintenance of plant & machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
Repairs & maintenance of vehicles & others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720
Insurance premium paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Insurance premium other than transit premium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722
Transit insurance premium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
Key-man insurance to employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724
Outsourced industrial jobs (Including Mfg.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
Outsourced professional jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726
Auditors fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727
Audit fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728
Auditors fees for taxation matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
Auditors fees for company law matters & others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730
Consultancy fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731
Consultancy fees to auditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732
Consultancy fees to others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
IT/ITES & other professional services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734
Software charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735
IT enabled services charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736
Cost audit fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737
Legal charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738
Other professional services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739
Non-executive directors’ fees & commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740
Selling & distribution expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
Advertising expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742
Marketing expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
Rebates & discount expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744
Sales promotion expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745
Distribution expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746
Travel expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 747
Communications expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748
Telephone expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749
Postage & courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750
Expenses on data centers, web hosting and co hosting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751
Expenses on vsats, satellite links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752
Expenses on isps for internet services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753
Printing & stationery expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
Miscellaneous expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755
Donations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756
Social and community expenses (including CSR exp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
Environment and pollution control related expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758
Subscriptions (including technical & other books, journals etc.) and membership fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
Research & development expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
Penalties on direct taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
Other miscellaneous expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762
Other operational expenses of industrial enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
Other operational expenses of non-financial services enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
Other operational expenses of IT and ITES companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766
Other operational expenses of hotels & restaurants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767
Food & beverages of hotels & restaurants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768
Laundry expenses of hotels & restaurants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769
Other miscellaneous expenses of hotels & restaurants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770
Other operational expenses of transport enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771
Food & beverages expenses of transport enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772
Cargo handling charges of transport enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

Table of Contents xv
Wharfage, docking charges of transport enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774

Hiring charges of transport enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775
Other miscellaneous expenses of transport enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776
Other operational expenses of travel and tourism enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
Other operational expenses of telecommunication enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778
Network cost of telecom enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779
Regulatory charges of telecom enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780
Access charges of telecom enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781
Other miscellaneous expenses of telecom enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782
Other operational expenses of hospitals, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
Doctor’s and consultant’s fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
Medical consumables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785
Other miscellaneous expenses of hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786
Other operational expenses of recreational enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
Shooting, studio, recording charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
Films, programs rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789
Telecasting expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
Other miscellaneous expenses of recreational enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
Other operational expenses of educational enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
Other operational expenses of other non-financial services companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
Financial services expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794
Fee based financial services expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795
Bank charges and commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796
Guarantee fees and commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797
Other fee based financial services expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798
Fund based financial services expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
Interest expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
Interest on long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801
Interest on deposits (banks, fis & nbfcs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802
Interest payable to directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
Interest on debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
Interest on short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805
Interest on inter-bank and rbi loan (banks & Fis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806
Interest on bank overdrafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
Interest on trade payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808
Interest on long term trade payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
Interest on short term trade payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810
Interest on other loans (term not specified) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811
Interest on delayed/deferred income tax payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
Interest on finance lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
Unwinding of discounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
Less: Interest capitalised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
Less: Interest transferred to DRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
Premium/discount on debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
Premium on redemption of debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
Debt pre-payment charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
Discount on commercial paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820
Other borrowing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821
Bill discounting charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822
Other fund based financial services expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823
Share of loss in partnership and JV firms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824
Lease equalisation adjustment charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825
Loss on securitisation/assignment of assets and loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826
Treasury operations expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
Loss on securities transactions and on sale of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828
Loss on sale of long term investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829
Loss on sale of short term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830

xvi Table of Contents
Loss on revaluation of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831

Loss relating to forex transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832
Adjustments to the carrying amount of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833
Adjustments to the carrying amount of current investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834
Adjustments to the carrying amount of long term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835
Other financial services expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836
Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
Provisions for bad and doubtful advances, loans & receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838
Provision for bad and doubtful advances by banks, NBFCs (NPAs and NPIs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
Provision for bad and doubtful trade and other receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 840
Provision for MTM losses on derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
Provision for estimated losses on onerous contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842
Provisions for unspecified contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843
Floating provision written back towards npas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844
Floating provision provided towards npas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845
Provision written back for sacrifice on interest in cdr and non cdr accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846
Provision provided for sacrifice on interest in cdr and non cdr accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847
Provision for restructured agriculture advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848
Depreciation / Amortisation (net of transfer from revaluation reserves) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849
Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851
Depreciation for the year on leased out assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852
Depreciation for the year on leased in assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853
Depreciation disclosed but not provided for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 854
Less: transfer from fixed asset revaluation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855
Amortisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856
Preliminary expenses amortised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
Capital issue expenses amortised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858
Licence fees amortised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859
Product development expenses amortised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860
Project expenses and pre-operative expenses amortised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861
Other amortisations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862
Write-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863
Bad trade and other receivables, loans & advances written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864
Bad trade receivables written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865
Loans & advances written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866
Other receivables including claims written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867
Assets written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868
Other write-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869
Less: Other capitalisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870
Less: Other expenses transferred to DRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871
Less: Expenses charged to other expenditure heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872
Prior period and extra-ordinary expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873
Prior period expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874
Cash prior period expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
Prior period direct taxes (incl. DTA & MAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
Cash prior period expenses excluding prior period taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
Non cash prior period expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878
Prior period depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
Non cash prior period expenses excluding prior period depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
Extra-ordinary expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881
Loss on impairment of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882
Adjustments to the carrying amount of investments of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883
Loss on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884
Tax on extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885
Loss because (effect) of change in valuation and accounting policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886
Loss on corporate and debt restructuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887
Loss on sale of investment in subsidiary, associates & JV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888

Table of Contents xvii
Expenses on discontinuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889

Loss on disposal of assets/settlement of liabilities of discontinuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890
Tax expenses on discontinuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891
Other Extra-ordinary expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892
Provision for direct tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893
Corporate tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894
MAT credit utilised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895
Less: MAT credit created . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896
Deferred tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897
Less: Deferred tax assets and credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
Other direct taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900
Wealth tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
Agricultural income tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902
Fringe benefits tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
Other miscellaneous taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904
Addendum information of Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905
Internal transfers of raw materials (including own quarrying) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905
Expenses capitalised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906
Expenses transferred to DRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
Research & development expenses (capital & current account) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908
Research & development expenses - capital account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
Research & development expenses - current account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910
Derived Indicators of Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
Total expense net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
Total expenses as % of Total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912
Operating expenses of non-finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
Operating expenses of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914
Net financial services expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
Non-cash charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916
Net prior period & extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917
Cost of goods sold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918
Cost of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 919
Cost of sales per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920
Total dividend as % of PAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921
Employees related derived indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922
Employee compensation & travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922
Compensation per ’000 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923
Income per ’000 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924
Business per ’000 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925
PBDITA per ’000 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926
PBT per ’000 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927
PAT per ’000 employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928
ESOP expenses / Compensation to employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929
Staff welfare & training / compensation to employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930
Directors’ remuneration / compensation to employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931
VRS / compensation to employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932
Interest related indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933
Total interest expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933
Total interest expenses including bill discounting charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934
Interest spread of banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935
Interest cover (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936
Interest incidence (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937
Interest exp on deposits as % of deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939
Interest inc on advances as % of loans and advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940
Interest expenses as % of avg borrowings & deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941
Net interest as % of interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942
Interest on long term funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943

xviii Table of Contents
Short term int exp as % of avg short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944

Long term int exp as % of avg long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945
Selling & distribution expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946
Selling & dist exp as % of op exp of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946
Selling & dist exp as % of income from financial services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947
Selling & dist exp as % of non-finance cos operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948
Selling & dist exp as % of sales & change in stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949
Tax related Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950
Total taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950
Direct taxes (incl MAT & def tax paid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951
Total taxes / total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952
Total indirect taxes / total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953
Excise / industrial sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954
Total direct taxes / total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955
Corporate tax / PBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956
FBT / compensation to employees & travel exp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957
Prior period direct taxes / total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958
Distribution of total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959
Operating expenses of non-finance cos as % of total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959
Operating expenses of finance cos as % of total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960
Financial charges as % of total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961
Provisions as % of total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962
Non-cash charges as % of total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963
Prior period and extra-ordinary expenses as % of total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964
Provision for direct tax as % of total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965
Distribution of operating expenses of non-finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966
Non fin cos oper exp pc non fin cos oper_exp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966
Raw materials, stores & spares as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967
Raw material expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968
Stores, spares, tools consumed as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969
Purchase of finished goods as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970
Packaging and packing expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971
Power, fuel & water charges as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972
Compensation to employees as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973
Indirect taxes as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974
Excise duty as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975
Royalties, technical know-how fees, etc as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976
Rent & lease rent as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977
Repairs & maintenance as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 978
Insurance premium paid as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979
Outsourced manufacturing jobs as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980
Outsourced professional jobs as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981
Non-executive directors’ fees as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982
Advertising expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983
Marketing expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984
Distribution expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985
Travel expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986
Communications expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987
Printing & stationery expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988
Miscellaneous expenditure as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989
Other operational exp of industrial ent as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990
Other operational exp of non-fin services ent as % of op exp of non-fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991
Distribution of operating expenses of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992
Op exp of finance cos as % of op exp of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992
Rawmat stores spares as % of op exp of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993
Purchase fg as % of op exp of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994
Packaging as % of op exp of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995

Table of Contents xix
Power fuel water charges as % of op exp of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996

Royalties tech know how as % of op exp of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997
Outsourced mfg jobs as % of op exp of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998
Oth op exp of indl cos as % of op exp of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999
Compensation to employees as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000
Indirect taxes as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001
Rent & lease rent as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002
Repairs & maintenance as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003
Insurance premium paid as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004
Outsourced professional jobs as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005
Non-executive directors’ fees as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1006
Advertising expenses as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007
Marketing expenses as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008
Travel expenses as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009
Communications expenses as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010
Printing & stationery expenses as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011
Miscellaneous expenditure as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012
Other operational exp of industrial ent as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013
Financial charges as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014
Fee based financial services expenses as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015
Bank charges and commission as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016
Guarantee fees and commission as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017
Other fee based financial services expenses as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018
Fund based financial services expenses as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019
Interest paid as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020
Financial charges on debt instruments as % of op exp. of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021
Bill discounting charges as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022
Treasury operations expenses as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023
Loss on securities trans & on sale of invest as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024
Loss relating to forex transactions as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025
Loss on revaluation of investments as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026
Other fund based financial services expenses as % of op exp of fin cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027
Operating Expenses as per cent of Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028
Distribution of operating expenses as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028
Raw materials, stores & spares as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029
Raw material expenses as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030
Stores, spares, tools consumed as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031
Purchase of finished goods as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1032
Packaging and packing expenses as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033
Power, fuel & water charges as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034
Compensation to employees as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035
Indirect taxes as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036
Excise duty as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037
Royalties, technical know-how fees, etc as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1038
Rent & lease rent as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039
Repairs & maintenance as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1040
Insurance premium paid as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1041
Outsourced manufacturing jobs as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1042
Outsourced professional jobs as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043
Non-executive directors’ fees as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044
Advertising expenses as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1045
Marketing expenses as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046
Distribution expenses as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1047
Travel expenses as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1048
Communications expenses as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1049
Printing & stationery expenses as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1050
Miscellaneous expenditure as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051

xx Table of Contents
Other operational exp of industrial ent as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1052
Other operational exp of non-fin services ent as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053
Other operational exp of hotel ent as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1054
Other operational exp of media ent as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1055
Other operational exp of constr ent as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056
R & D current account exp as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057
Raw material and packing exp as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1058
Operating Costs as per cent of Financial Services Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059
Distribution of operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1059
Power fuel water charges as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1060
Royalties tech know how as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061
Compensation to employees as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1062
Indirect taxes as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1063
Rent & lease rent as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064
Repairs & maintenance as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1065
Insurance premium paid as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1066
Outsourced professional jobs as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067
Non-executive directors’ fees as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1068
Advertising expenses as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1069
Marketing expenses as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1070
Travel expenses as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071
Communications expenses as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072
Printing & stationery expenses as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Miscellaneous expenditure as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074
Financial charges as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075
Fee based financial services expenses as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1076
Bank charges and commission as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077
Guarantee fees and commission as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1078
Other fee based financial services expenses as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079
Fund based financial services expenses as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1080
Interest paid as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081
Financial charges on debt instruments as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1082
Bill discounting charges as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083
Treasury operations expenses as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1084
Loss on securities trans & on sale of invest as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1085
Loss relating to forex transactions as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086
Loss on revaluation of investments as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087
Other fund based financial services expenses as % of fin serv income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1088
Import Intensity of Raw Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089
Indigenous raw materials consumed (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1089
Imported raw materials consumed (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1090
Indigenous stores & spares consumed (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1091
Imported stores & spares consumed (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1092
Indigenous other materials consumed (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1093
Imported other materials consumed (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094
Profits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095
Profit after tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1095
Profit after tax from continuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1097
Profit/loss after tax on discontinuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1098
Profit after tax reported by company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1099
Difference between normalised pat and pat reported by company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100
Reconciliation of Difference in PAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101
Difference due to prior period and extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101
Difference due to prior period income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102
Difference due to cash prior period income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103
Difference due to bad debts recovered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104
Difference due to cash prior period income excluding bad debts recovered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105

Table of Contents xxi
Difference due to non-cash prior period income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106

Difference due to provisions written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107
Difference due to depreciation provision written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108
Difference due to tax provisions written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109
Difference due to bad debts provision written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110
Difference due to other provisions and credit balances written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111
Difference due to non-cash prior period income excluding provisions written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1112
Difference due to extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113
Difference due to profit on sale of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114
Difference due to insurance claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115
Difference due to contra entry for depreciation added by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1116
Difference due to gain on change in accounting policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117
Difference due to transfer to reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1118
Difference due to other factors increasing normalised pat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119
Difference due to prior period and extra-ordinary expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120
Difference due to prior period expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1121
Difference due to cash prior period expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1122
Difference due to prior period taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123
Difference due to cash prior period expenses excluding prior period taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1124
Difference due to non cash prior period expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125
Difference due to prior period depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1126
Difference due to non cash prior period expenses excluding prior period depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127
Difference due to extra-ordinary expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1128
Difference due to loss on impairment of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1129
Difference due to loss on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130
Difference due to tax on extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1131
Difference due to loss because (effect) of change in valuation and accounting policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1132
Difference due to transfer from reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1133
Difference due to other factors decreasing normalised pat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1134
Addendum information of Profits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135
Non–provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135
Non-provision for diminution in investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136
Non-provision for sundry debtors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137
Non-provision for loans and advances including npas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138
Non-provision for loans and advances to group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139
Non-provision for interest expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1140
Non-provision for power expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141
Non-provision for gratuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142
Non-provision for debenture and bond redemption reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143
Non-provision for others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1144
Increase or decrease in profit due to chg in accounting policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145
Increase or decrease in profit on account of depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146
Increase or decrease in profit on account of inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147
Increase or decrease in profit on account of income recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1148
Increase or decrease in profit on account of expenses recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1149
Increase or decrease in profit on account of liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1150
Increase or decrease in profit on account of others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1151
Increase or decrease in reserves due to chg in accounting policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1152
Increase or decrease in reserves on account of depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153
Increase or decrease in reserves on account of inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1154
Increase or decrease in reserves on account of income recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1155
Increase or decrease in reserves on account of expenses recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1156
Increase or decrease in reserves on account of liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157
Increase or decrease in reserves on account of others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1158
Balance carried to balance sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159
Derived Indicators of Profits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1160
Measures of Profits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1160

xxii Table of Contents
PBDITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1160
PBPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1162
PBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1163
PBIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164
PBIT net of P&E&OI&FI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165
Cash profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1166
PAT net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1167
Cash profit net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1168
Operating profit of non-financial companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1170
Operating profit of financial companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171
PBPT net of P&E&OI to inc fin serv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172
PBPT net of P&E&OI per employee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173
PAT from continuing ops as % of income from continuing ops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1174
PAT discont ops as % of income from disocont ops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1175
Distribution of profits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176
Distribution of PBDITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176
Provisions as % of PBDITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176
Write offs as % of PBDITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177
Depreciation as % of PBDITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1178
Amortisation as % of PBDITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1179
Financial services expenses as % of PBDITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1180
Direct taxes as % of PBDITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1181
PAT as % of PBDITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1182
Distribution of PAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183
Equity dividend as % of PAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1183
Pref dividend as % of PAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184
Dividend tax as % of PAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185
Retained profits as % of PAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1186
Profitability ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1187
Margins over income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1187
PBDITA as % of total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1187
PBT as % of total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1188
PAT as % of total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1189
Cash profit as % of total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1190
PBDITA net of P&E as % of total income net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191
PBPT net of P&E&OI as % of total income net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193
Net profit margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1194
Cash profit net of P&E as % of total income net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1195
PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI as % of sales & chg in stk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1196
Operating profit margin of non-financial companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197
Operating profit margin of financial companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198
Returns over investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199
PBPT net of P&E&OI as % of net worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199
Return on net worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201
PAT as % of net worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202
Return (cash) on net worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203
PBPT net of P&E&OI as % of capital employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204
Return on capital employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206
PAT as % of capital employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1208
PBPT net of P&E&OI as % of total assets (excl reval) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209
Return on total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1211
PAT as % of total assets excl reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212
PAT net of P&E as % of GFA excl reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1213
PAT as % of GFA excl reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1214
PBDITA net of peoifi as % of avg GFA net of reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1215
PBDITA net of peoifi as % of avg NFA net of reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1216
PAT net of pe as % of avg NFA net of reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217

Table of Contents xxiii
PAT as % of avg NFA net reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1218

Source of growth in profits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219
Source of growth in PBDITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219
PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI / sales (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219
Change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI on change in sales (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1220
Change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI because of change in sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1221
Change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI &FI because of change in profitability of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1222
Change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI &FI because of change in profitability on change in sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1223
Share (%) of change in sales in change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1224
Share (%) of change in profitability of sales in change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1225
Share (%) of change in profitability on change in sales in change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1226
Source of growth in PBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227
Change in profitability before tax (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227
Change in PBT net of P&E&OI because of change in financial service income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1228
Change in PBT net of P&E&OI because of change in profitability of financial services income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1229
Change in PBT net of P&E&OI because of change in profitability on change in financial services income . . . . . . . . . . 1230
Share (%) of change in financial services income in change in PBT net of P&E&OI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1231
Share (%) of change in profitability of financial services income in change in PBT net of P&E&OI . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1232
Share (%) of change in financial services income and its profitability on change in PBT net of P&E&OI . . . . . . . . . . 1233
Source of growth in PAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1234
PAT net of P&E / total income net of P&E (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1234
Change in PAT net of P&E on change in income (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235
Change in PAT net of P&E because of change in income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1236
Change in PAT net of P&E because of change in profitability of income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237
Change in PAT net of P&E because of change in profitability on change in income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1238
Share (%) of change in income in change in PAT net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1239
Share (%) of change in profitability of income in change in PAT net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1240
Share (%) of change in profitability on change in income in change in PAT net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1241
Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1242
Total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1243
Paid up equity capital (net of forfeited equity capital) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1244
Fully paid up equity capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1245
Partly paid up equity capital (net of forfeited capital) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1246
Forfeited equity capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1247
Paid up preference capital (net of forfeited preference capital) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1248
Fully paid up preference capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1249
Partly paid up preference capital (net of forfeited capital) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1250
Capital/deemed capital contributions/securities in the nature of capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1251
Money received against convertible share warrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1252
Reserves and funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1253
Security premium reserves (net of deductions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1254
Additions during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1255
Sec. premium reserve used for issue of bonus shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1256
Sec. premium reserve used for issue expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1257
Sec. premium reserve used for write off of premium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1258
Sec. premium reserve used for buy-back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1259
Capital, debt, investment & other reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1260
Capital redemption reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261
Capital reserves (incl. grants and subsidies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1262
Subsidies and grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1263
Debenture and bond redemption reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1264
Investment allowance reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1265
Dividend equalisation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1266
Exports and Foreign projects reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1267
Tariffs and dividend control reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1268
Other statutory reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1269
Investment fluctuation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1270

xxiv Table of Contents
Surplus and deficit on mergers & acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271

Forex fluctuation reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1272
Lease equalisation reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1273
Contingency reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1274
Reserves for bad and doubtful loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1275
Other contingency reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276
Other specific reserves and funds (incl. development reserve fund) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1277
Other revenue reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1279
Arrears of depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1280
Fixed assets revaluation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1281
Revaluation of fixed assets during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1282
Reversal of prior revaluation of fixed assets during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1283
Transfer to P & L account for depreciation during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1284
Employee stock option reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1285
Employee stock option reserve addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1286
Employee stock option reserve used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1287
General reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1288
Surplus/deficit as at the end of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1289
Surplus/deficit as at the beginning of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1290
Retained profits/losses during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1291
Dividend paid and proposed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1292
Equity dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1293
Interim dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1294
Final dividend (including special dividend) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1295
Preference dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1296
Dividend tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1297
Transfers from reserves to Surplus/deficit a/c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1298
Transfer from capital reserve (incl. grants, subsidies, etc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1299
Transfer from capital redemption reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1300
Transfer from Securities Premium Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1301
Transfer from debenture and bond redemption reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1302
Transfer from investment fluctuation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1303
Transfer from export and foreign project reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304
Transfer from tariffs and dividend control reserve (for electricity companies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1305
Transfer from other statutory reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1306
Transfer from dividend equalisation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307
Transfer from investment allowance reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1308
Transfer from contingency reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1309
Transfer from amalgamation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1310
Transfer from forex fluctuation reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1311
Transfer from lease equalisation reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1312
Transfer from general reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1313
Transfer from other specific reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1314
Transfer from fixed assets revaluation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1315
Transfer from other revenue reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1316
Transfer from employee stock option reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1317
Transfer from overseas principals of banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1318
Transfer on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1319
Transfers to reserves from surplus/deficit a/c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1320
Transfer to capital reserve (incl. grants, subsidies, etc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1321
Transfer to capital redemption reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1322
Transfer to debenture and bond redemption reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1323
Transfer to investment allowance reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1324
Transfer to dividend equalisation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325
Transfer to investment fluctuation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1326
Transfer to export and foreign project reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1327
Transfer to tariffs and dividend control reserves (for electricity companies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1328

Table of Contents xxv
Transfer to other statutory reserves (including electricity related reserves) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1329

Transfer to contingency reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1330
Transfer to forex fluctuation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1331
Transfer to general reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1332
Transfer to other specific reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1333
Transfer to fixed asset revaluation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1334
Transfer to other revenue reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1335
Transfer to employee stock option reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1336
Transfer to overseas principals of banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1337
Transfer on account of hiving off and de-merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1338
Other additions/(deduction) to surplus/deficit a/c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1339
Other adjustments to surplus/deficit a/c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1340
Revenue expenses directly charged to reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1341
Share application money & suspense account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1342
Share application money and advances – equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1343
Share application money and advances – preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1344
Equity capital suspense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345
Preference capital suspense account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1346
Deposits (accepted by commercial banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1347
Demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1348
Demand deposits from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1349
Demand deposits from others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1350
Saving deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1351
Term deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1352
Term deposits from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1353
Term deposits from others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1354
Non-current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355
Long term borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1356
Long term borrowing from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1357
Secured long term bank borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1358
Unsecured long term bank borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1359
Current portion of long term borrowing from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1360
Long term borrowing from financial institutions including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1361
Secured long term financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1362
Of which: secured long term foreign currency rupee loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1363
Unsecured long term borrowings from financial institutions including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1364
Current portion of long term borrowing from financial institutions including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1365
Long term borrowings from central & state govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1366
Secured long term borrowings from central & state govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1367
Secured long term borrowings from government of india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1368
Secured long term borrowings from state governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1369
Unsecured long term borrowings from central & state govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1370
Unsecured long term borrowings from government of india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1371
Unsecured long term borrowings from state governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1372
Current portion of long term borrowings from central & state govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1373
Long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1374
Secured long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1375
Unsecured long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1376
Current portion of long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1377
Long term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1378
Secured long term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1379
Secured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1380
Secured long term zero interest bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1381
Secured long term convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1382
Secured long term fully convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1383
Secured long term partly convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1384
Secured long term optionally convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1385

xxvi Table of Contents
Current portion of secured debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1386

Unsecured long term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1387
Unsecured long term convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1388
Unsecured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1389
Current portion of unsecured debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1390
Current portion of long term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1391
Long term foreign currency borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1392
Secured long term foreign currency borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1393
Secured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1394
Of which : secured long term foreign currency convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1395
Of which : secured long term foreign currency non-convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1396
Secured long term foreign suppliers’ credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1397
Unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1398
Unsecured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399
Of which : unsecured long term foreign currency convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1400
Of which : unsecured long term foreign currency non-convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1401
Of which : unsecured long term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1402
Unsecured long term foreign suppliers’ credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1403
Current portion of long term foreign currency borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1404
Long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1405
Secured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1406
Unsecured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1407
Current portion of long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1408
Long term inter-corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409
Secured long term inter-corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1410
Secured long term loans from subsidiary companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1411
Secured long term loans from group and assoc. business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1412
Secured long term loans from other business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413
Unsecured long term inter-corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1414
Unsecured long term loans from subsidiary companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1415
Unsecured long term loans from group & associate business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1416
Unsecured long term loans from other business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1417
Current portion of long term inter-corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1418
Current portion of long term loans from subsidiary companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1419
Current portion of long term loans from group & associate business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1420
Current portion of long term loans from other business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1421
Long term deferred credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1422
Secured long term deferred credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1423
Secured long term domestic suppliers / buyer credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1424
Unsecured long term deferred credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1425
Unsecured long term domestic suppliers / buyers credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1426
Current portion of long term deferred credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1427
Interest accrued and due (long term) on borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1428
Interest accrued and due (long term) on secured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1429
Interest accrued and due (long term) on unsecured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1430
Current portion of interest accrued and due (long term) on borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1431
Long term maturities of finance lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1432
Secured long term maturities of finance lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1433
Unsecured long term maturities of finance lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1434
Current portion of long term maturities of finance lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1435
Long term fixed deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1436
Long term fixed deposits from public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1437
Long term fixed deposits from promoters, directors and shareholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1438
Long term fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1439
Current portion of long term fixed deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1440
Other long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441
Secured other long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1443

Table of Contents xxvii
Unsecured other long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445

Current portion of other long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1447
Long term sub-ordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1449
Current portion of sub-ordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1450
Long term borrowings from RBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1451
Current portion of borrowings from RBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1452
Long term borrowings guaranteed by directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1453
Current portion of long term borrowings guaranteed by directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1455
Current portion of long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1456
Net long term borrowings (excluding current portion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1457
Long term borrowing from banks excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1457
Secured long term bank borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1458
Unsecured long term bank borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1459
Long term borrowing from financial institutions including NBFC’s excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1460
Secured long term financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1461
Of which: secured long term foreign currency rupee loans excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1462
Unsecured long term borrowings from financial institutions including NBFC’s excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1463
Long term borrowings from central & state govt excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1464
Secured long term borrowings from central & state govt excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1465
Secured long term borrowings from Government of India excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1466
Secured long term borrowings from state governments excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1467
Unsecured long term borrowings from central & state govt excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1468
Unsecured long term borrowings from Government of India excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1469
Unsecured long term borrowings from state governments excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1470
Long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1471
Secured long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1472
Unsecured long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1473
Long term debentures and bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1474
Secured long term debentures and bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1475
Secured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1476
Secured long term zero interest bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1477
Secured long term convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1478
Secured long term fully convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1479
Secured long term partly convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1480
Secured long term optionally convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1481
Unsecured long term debentures and bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1482
Unsecured long term convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1483
Unsecured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1484
Long term foreign currency borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1485
Secured long term foreign currency borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1486
Secured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1487
Of which : secured long term foreign currency convertible bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1488
Of which : secured long term foreign currency non-convertible bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1489
Secured long term foreign suppliers’ credit excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1490
Unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1491
Unsecured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . 1492
Of which : unsecured foreign currency convertible bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1493
Of which : unsecured long term foreign currency non-convertible bonds excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1494
Of which : unsecured long term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495
Unsecured long term foreign suppliers’ credit excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1496
Long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals) excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1497
Secured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals) excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . 1498
Unsecured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1499
Long term inter-corporate loans excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1500
Secured long term inter-corporate loans excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1501
Secured long term loans from subsidiary companies excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1502
Secured long term loans from group and assoc. business enterprises excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503

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Secured long term loans from other business enterprises excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504
Unsecured long term inter-corporate loans excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505
Unsecured long term loans from subsidiary companies excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506
Unsecured long term loans from group & associate business enterprises excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1507
Unsecured long term loans from other business enterprises excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1508
Long term deferred credit excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1509
Secured long term deferred credit excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510
Secured long term domestic suppliers / buyer credit excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511
Unsecured long term deferred credit excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1512
Unsecured long term domestic suppliers / buyers credit excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1513
Interest accrued and due (long term) on borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1514
Interest accrued and due (long term) on secured borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515
Interest accrued and due (long term) on unsecured borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1516
Long term maturities of finance lease obligations excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1517
Secured long term maturities of finance lease obligations excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1518
Unsecured long term maturities of finance lease obligations excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1519
Long term fixed deposits excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1520
Long term fixed deposits from public excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1521
Long term fixed deposits from promoters, directors and shareholders excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1522
Long term fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1523
Other long term borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1524
Secured other long term borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1526
Unsecured other long term borrowings excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1528
Sub-ordinated debt excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1530
Long term borrowings from RBI excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1531
Long term borrowings guaranteed by directors excl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1532
Deferred tax liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1534
Other long term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1535
Long term trade and capital payables and acceptances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1536
Long term trade and capital payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1537
Long term trade payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1538
Long term payables/creditors for expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1539
Long term payables for capital works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1540
Long term acceptances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1541
Deposits and advances from customers and employees (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1542
Long term security deposits and trade deposits and dealer deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1543
Long term advances from customers on capital account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1544
Long term advances from customers on revenue account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1545
Long term deposits from employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1546
Interest accrued but not due (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1547
Interest accrued but not due on long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1548
Interest accrued and not due on secured borrowings (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1549
Interest accrued and not due on unsecured borrowings (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1550
Interest accrued on trade payables (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1551
Interest accrued on others (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1552
Deferred income (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1553
Non-current regulatory deferral liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1554
Lease equalisation liabilities/reserve (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1555
Other miscellaneous long term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1556
Long term provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1557
Corporate tax provision (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1558
Other direct & indirect tax provisions (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1559
Wealth tax provision (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1560
Agricultural tax provision (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1562
Provision for indirect taxes (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1563
Other direct tax provision (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1564
Provision for employee benefits (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1565

Table of Contents xxix
Provision for gratuity (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1566

Provision for vrs (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1567
Long term provision for other employee related issues (leave, wage agreement, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1568
Provision for long term trade and other receivables, long term advances & npas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1569
Provision for doubtful trade receivables (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1570
Provision for long term advances and other receivables incldg. NPAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1571
Long term provision for restoration costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1573
Other long term provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1574
Long term provision for premium payable on redemption of bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1575
Long term provision for estimated loss on derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1576
Long term provision for warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1578
Long term provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1579
Long term provision for inventories incl prov for slow moving inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1580
Long term provision for restructuring costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1581
Current liabilities & provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1582
Current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1583
Short-term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1584
Short-term borrowing from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1585
Secured bank borrowings (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1586
Bank overdraft (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1587
Cash credit (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1588
Unsecured bank borrowings (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1589
Short term borrowing from financial institutions including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1590
Secured short term financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1591
Of which: secured short term foreign currency rupee loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1592
Unsecured short term borrowings from financial institutions including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1593
Short term borrowings from central & state govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1594
Secured short term borrowings from central & state govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1595
Secured short term borrowings from Government of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1596
Secured short term borrowings from state governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1597
Unsecured short term borrowings from central & state govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1598
Unsecured short term borrowings from Government of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1599
Unsecured short term borrowings from state governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1600
Short term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1601
Secured short term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1602
Unsecured short term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1603
Short term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1604
Secured short term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1605
Non-convertible secured short term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1606
Secured short term zero interest bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1607
Convertible secured short term debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1608
Fully convertible secured short term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1609
Partly convertible secured short term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1610
Optionally convertible secured short term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1611
Unsecured short term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1612
Convertible unsecured short term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1613
Non-convertible unsecured short term debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1614
Short term foreign currency borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1615
Secured short term foreign currency borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1616
Secured short term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1617
Of which : secured short term foreign currency convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1618
Of which : secured short term foreign currency non-convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1619
Secured short term foreign suppliers’ credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1620
Unsecured short term foreign currency borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1621
Unsecured short term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1622
Of which : unsecured short term foreign currency convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1623
Of which : unsecured short term foreign currency non-convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1624

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Of which : unsecured short term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1625

Unsecured short term foreign suppliers’ credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1626
Short term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1627
Secured short term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1628
Unsecured short term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629
Short term inter-corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1630
Secured short term inter-corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1631
Secured short term loans from subsidiary companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1632
Secured short term loans from group and assoc. business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1633
Secured short term loans from other business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1634
Unsecured short term inter-corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1635
Unsecured short term loans from subsidiary companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1636
Unsecured short term loans from group & associate business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1637
Unsecured short term loans from other business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1638
Short term deferred credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1639
Secured short term deferred credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1640
Secured short term domestic supplier’s/buyer’s credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1641
Unsecured short term deferred credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1642
Unsecured short term domestic supplier’s/buyer’s credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1643
Interest accrued and due on borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1644
Interest accrued and due on secured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1645
Interest accrued and due on unsecured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1646
Short term fixed deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1647
Short term fixed deposits from public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1648
Short term fixed deposits from promoters, directors and shareholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1649
Short term fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1650
Short term commercial papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1651
Maximum short term commercial paper outstanding during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1652
Other short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1653
Other secured short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1654
Other unsecured short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1655
Short term trade payables and acceptances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1656
Short term trade payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1657
Sundry trade payables for goods and services (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1658
Sundry payables/creditors for expenses (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1659
Sundry trade payables for capital works (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1660
Of which: short term trade payables owed to related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1661
Short term acceptances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1662
Current maturities of long term debt & lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1663
Current maturities of long term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1664
Current maturities of finance lease obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1665
Current maturities of secured finance lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1666
Current maturities of unsecured finance lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1667
Deposits & advances from customers and employees (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1668
Short term security, trade and dealer deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1669
Short term advances from customers on capital account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1670
Short term advances from customers on revenue account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1671
Short term deposits from employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1672
Interest accrued but not due (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1673
Interest accrued but not due on borrowings (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1674
Interest accrued and not due on secured borrowings (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1675
Interest accrued and not due on unsecured borrowings (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1676
Interest accrued on trade payables (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1677
Interest accrued on others (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1678
Share application money and advances - oversubscribed and refundable amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1679
Share application money and advances – equity – oversubscribed and refundable amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1680
Share application money refundable – preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1681

Table of Contents xxxi
Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1682

Inter-office adjustments (liabilities) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1683
Unclaimed and unpaid dividend payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1684
Unclaimed and unpaid deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1685
Unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1686
Unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1687
Interest on unclaimed and unpaid dues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1688
Statutory remittances payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1689
Deferred income liabilities (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1690
Other miscellaneous short-term liabilities(incl lease terminal adj) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1691
Provisions outstanding (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1692
Corporate tax provision (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1693
Other direct & indirect tax provisions (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1694
Wealth tax provision (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1695
Agricultural tax provision (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1696
Provision for indirect taxes (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1697
Other direct tax provision (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1698
Short term provision for bad and doubtful advances, debts and other receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1699
Short term provision for doubtful trade receivables o/s for over six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1700
Short term provision for doubtful trade receivables o/s for less than six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1701
Short term provision for advances and other receivables incldg. NPAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1702
Dividend provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703
Provision for interim dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1704
Provision for interim equity dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1705
Provision for interim preference dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1706
Provision for final dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1707
Provision for equity dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1708
Provision for preference dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1709
Dividend tax provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1710
Provision for employee benefits (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1711
Provision for gratuity (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1712
Provision for VRS (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1713
Provision for other employee related issues (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1714
Short term provision for restoration costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1715
Other short term provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1716
Provision for premium payable on redemption of bonds (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1717
Provision for estimated loss on derivatives (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1718
Provision for warranty (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1720
Provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1721
Short term provision for inventories incl prov for slow moving inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1722
Short term provision for restructuring costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1723
Investor education and protection fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1724
Unclaimed and unpaid dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1725
Unclaimed and unpaid fixed deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1726
Unclaimed and unpaid debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1727
Unclaimed and unpaid interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1728
Unclaimed and unpaid others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1729
Of which current liabilities and provisions due to SSIs and SMEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1730
Addendum information of Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1731
Authorised capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1731
Authorised equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1731
Authorised preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1732
Authorised unclassified shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1733
Authorised equity capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1734
Authorised preference capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1735
Authorised unclassified capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1736
Issued capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1737

xxxii Table of Contents
Issued equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1737

Issued preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1738
Issued equity capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1739
Issued preference capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1740
Subscribed capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1741
Subscribed equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1741
Subscribed preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1742
Subscribed equity capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1743
Subscribed preference capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1744
Paid up capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1745
Paid up equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1745
Paid up preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1746
Deposit kept with RBI (for foreign banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1747
Number of shares held by holding company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1748
Number of shares held by holding company (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1749
Equity shares allotted without payment being received in cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1750
Equity shares allotted pursuant to the scheme of mergers & acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1751
Equity shares allotted on conversion of loans and debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1752
Equity shares allotted on conversion of convertible warrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1753
Equity shares allotted on conversion of ECB, FCCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1754
Equity shares allotted in ESOPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1755
Equity share allotted on conversion of preference share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1756
Equity shares issued against ADRs/GDRs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1757
Equity shares re-converted in ADRs and GDRs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1759
Equity shares allotted during past five years without payment being received in cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1760
Equity shares allotted during past five years pursuant to the scheme of mergers & acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1761
Equity shares allotted during past five years on conversion of loans and debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1762
Equity shares allotted during past five years on conversion of convertible warrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1763
Equity shares allotted during past five years on conversion of ECB, FCCB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1764
Equity shares allotted during past five years in ESOPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1765
Equity shares allotted during past five years on conversion of preference share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1766
Equity shares issued against ADRs/GDRs during past five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1767
Equity shares re-converted in ADRs and GDRs during past five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1769
Call in arrears amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1770
Call in arrears (directors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1771
Call in arrears (others) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1772
Reduction in equity capital – amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1773
Buy back of shares – amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1774
Reduction in equity capital (other than buy-back) – amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1775
Reduction in equity capital – shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1776
Buy back of shares – shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1777
Reduction in equity capital (other than buy-back) – shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1778
Total amount paid on buy-back including premium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1779
Bonus share capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1780
Bonus shares issued during past five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1781
Bonus shares issued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1782
Rights shares issued during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1783
Bills for collection (banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1784
Deposits accepted by commercial banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785
Deposits from india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785
Deposits from outside india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1786
Term deposits from outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1787
Savings deposits from outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1788
Demand deposits from outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1789
Derived Indicators of Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1790
Shares in lakhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1790
Authorised equity shares (in lakhs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1790

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Issued equity shares (In lakhs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1791

Subscribed net equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1792
Paid-up equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1793
Paid-up pref shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1794
Equity allot without payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1795
Reduction in equity cap shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1796
Equity capital alloted without payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1797
Shareholders funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1798
Net worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1799
Tangible net worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1800
Share application money and advances (Eq & Pref) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1801
Cumulative retained profits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1802
Free reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803
Specific reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1804
Total outside liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805
Total term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1806
Current liabilities incl long term portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1807
Cost of production - work in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1808
Decrease increase in working capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1809
Long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1810
Long term borrowings central state govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1810
Long term borrowings corporate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1811
Long term borrowings debentures bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1812
Long term borrowings deferred credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1813
Long term borrowings fixed deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1814
Long term borrowings foreign currency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1815
Long term borrowings from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1816
Long term borrowings from fin inst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1817
Long term borrowings from promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1818
Long term borrowings int accr due . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1819
Long term borrowings mat fin lease obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1820
Long term borrowings other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1821
Long term borrowings subordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1822
Long term borrowings syndicated banks institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1823
Secured & Unsecured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1824
Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1824
Long term borrowings incl current portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1825
Secured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1826
Unsecured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1827
Short term bank borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1828
Long term bank borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1829
Non-convertible debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1830
External commercial borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1831
Euro convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1832
Foreign suppliers credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1833
Capital employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1834
TOL/TNW (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1835
Total term liabilities / tangible net worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1836
Contingent liabilities / Net worth (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1837
Total inter office adj recv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1838
Total lease rent recv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1839
Total other receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1840
Total other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1841
Total other non-banking current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1842
Total recveivables due to foreign exchange fluctuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1843
Total receivables for sale of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1844
Net deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1845

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Net deferred tax liabilities as % of net worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1846

Net deferred tax liabilities as % of total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1847
Composition of liabilities as per old schedule VI disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1848
Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1848
Total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1849
Paid up equity capital (net of forfeited equity capital) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1850
Fully paid up equity capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1851
Partly paid up equity capital (net of forfeited capital) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1852
Forfeited equity capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1853
Paid up preference capital (net of forfeited preference capital) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1854
Fully paid up preference capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1855
Partly paid up preference capital (net of forfeited capital) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1856
Capital contribution and funds by govt, others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1857
Money received against convertible share warrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1858
Reserves and funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1859
Security premium reserves (net of deductions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1860
Additions during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1861
Sec. premium reserve used for issue of bonus shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1862
Sec. premium reserve used for issue expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1863
Sec. premium reserve used for write off of premium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1864
Sec. premium reserve used for buy-back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1865
Capital, debt, investment & other reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1866
Capital redemption reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1867
Capital reserves (incl. grants and subsidies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1868
Subsidies and grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1869
Debenture and bond redemption reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1870
Investment allowance reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1871
Dividend equalisation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1872
Exports and Foreign projects reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1873
Tariffs and dividend control reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1874
Other statutory reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1875
Investment fluctuation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1876
Surplus and deficit on mergers & acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1877
Forex fluctuation reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1878
Lease equalisation reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1879
Contingency reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1880
Reserves for bad and doubtful loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1881
Other contingency reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1882
Other specific reserves and funds (incl. development reserve fund) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1883
Other revenue reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1885
Arrears of depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1886
Fixed assets revaluation reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1887
Revaluation of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1888
Reversal of prior revaluation of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1889
Transfer to P & L account for depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1890
Employee stock option reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1891
Employee stock option reserve addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1892
Employee stock option reserve used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1893
General reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1894
Surplus/deficit as at the end of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1895
Revenue expenses directly charged to reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1896
Share application money & suspense account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1897
Share application money and advances – equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1898
Share application money and advances – preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1899
Equity capital suspense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1900
Preference capital suspense account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1901
Deposits (accepted by commercial banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1902

Table of Contents xxxv
Demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1903

Demand deposits from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1904
Demand deposits from others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905
Saving deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906
Term deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907
Term deposits from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908
Term deposits from others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1909
Deposits from india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1910
Deposits from outside india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911
Term deposits from outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1912
Savings deposits from outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913
Demand deposits from outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1914
Borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1915
Borrowing from banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1917
Secured bank borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1918
Secured short-term bank borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1919
Bank overdraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1920
Cash credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1921
Secured term bank borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1922
Unsecured Bank borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1923
Unsecured short-term bank borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1924
Unsecured term bank borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1925
Borrowing from financial institutions including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1926
Secured financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1927
Secured short-term financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1928
Secured term financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1929
Of which: foreign currency rupee loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1930
Unsecured borrowings from financial institutions including NBFC’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1931
Borrowings from central & state govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1932
Secured borrowings from central & state govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1933
Secured borrowings from government of india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1934
Secured borrowings from state governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1935
Unsecured borrowings from central & state govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1936
Unsecured borrowings from government of india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1937
Unsecured borrowings from state governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1938
Borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1939
Secured borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1940
Unsecured borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1941
Debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1942
Secured debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1943
Non-convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1944
Zero interest bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1945
Convertible debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1946
Fully convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1947
Partly convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1948
Optionally convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1949
Bonds redeemable in the current year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1950
Unsecured debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1951
Unsecured convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1952
Unsecured non-convertible debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1953
Debentures and bonds redeemable in the current year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1954
Foreign currency borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1955
Secured foreign currency borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1956
Secured external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1957
Secured foreign currency convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1958
Secured foreign currency non-convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1959
Secured foreign suppliers’ credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1960

xxxvi Table of Contents
Unsecured foreign currency borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1961

Unsecured external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1962
Unsecured foreign currency convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1963
Unsecured foreign currency non-convertible bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1964
Unsecured foreign currency sub-ordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1965
Unsecured foreign suppliers’ credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1966
Loans from promoters, directors and shareholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1967
Secured loans from promoters, directors and shareholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1968
Unsecured loans from promoters, directors and shareholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1969
Inter-corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1970
Secured inter-corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1971
Secured loans from subsidiary companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1973
Secured loans from group and assoc. business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1975
Secured loans from other business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1977
Unsecured inter-corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1979
Unsecured loans from subsidiary companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980
Unsecured loans from group & associate business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1981
Unsecured loans from other business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1982
Deferred credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1984
Secured deferred credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985
Secured domestic supplier’s credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1986
Unsecured deferred credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1988
Unsecured domestic supplier’s credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1989
Interest accrued and due . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1991
Interest accrued and due (on secured borrowings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1992
Interest accrued and due (un-secured borrowings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1993
Hire purchase loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994
Fixed deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1995
Fixed deposits from public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1996
Fixed deposits from promoters, directors and shareholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1997
Fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1998
Commercial papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1999
Maximum commercial paper outstanding during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000
Other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2001
Other secured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2002
Other unsecured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2003
Sub-ordinated debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2004
Borrowings from RBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2005
Bank’s borrowings from others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2006
Bank’s borrowings from other domestic sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007
Bank’s borrowings from other foreign sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2008
Secured borrowings (for banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009
Loan transfer on hiving off unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2010
Loan transfer on hiving off unit, secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011
Loan transfer on hiving off unit, unsecured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012
Loan transfer on merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013
Loan transfer on merger, secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2014
Loan transfer on merger, unsecured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2015
Current portion of secured and unsecured debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2016
Current portion of secured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2017
Current portion of unsecured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2018
Long term borrowings guaranteed by directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2019
Deferred tax liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2021
Current liabilities & provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2022
Current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2023
Trade payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024
Sundry trade payables for goods and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2025

Table of Contents xxxvii
Sundry trade payables for capital works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2026

Trade payables from group and subsidiary companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2027
Acceptances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2028
Deposits & advances from customers and employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2029
Security, trade and dealer deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2030
Advances from customers on capital account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2031
Advances from customers on revenue account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2032
Deposits from employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2033
Interest accrued but not due . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2034
Interest accrued but not due on borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2035
Interest accrued and not due on secured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2036
Interest accrued and not due on unsecured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2037
Interest accrued on trade payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2038
Interest accrued on others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2039
Share application money and advances - oversubscribed and refundable amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2040
Share application money and advances – equity – oversubscribed and refundable amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2041
Share application money refundable – preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2042
Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2043
Inter-office adjustments (liabilities) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2044
Unclaimed and unpaid dividend payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2045
Unclaimed and unpaid public deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2046
Unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2047
Unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2048
Interest on unclaimed and unpaid dues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2049
Statutory remittances payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2050
Other miscellaneous current liabilities(incl lease terminal adj) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2051
Provisions outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2052
Corporate tax provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2053
Other direct & indirect tax provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2054
Wealth tax provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2055
Agricultural tax provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2056
Provision for indirect taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2057
Other direct tax provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2058
Provision for bad and doubtful advances, debts and other receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2059
Provision for doubtful trade receivables outstanding for over six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2060
Provision for doubtful trade receivables outstanding for less than six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2061
Provision for advances and other receivables incldg. NPAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2062
Dividend provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2063
Provision for interim dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2064
Provision for interim equity dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2065
Provision for interim preference dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2066
Provision for final dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2067
Provision for equity dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2068
Provision for preference dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2069
Dividend tax provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2070
Provision for employee benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2071
Provision for gratuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2072
Provision for VRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2073
Provision for other employee related issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2074
Other provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2075
Provision for payment payable on redemption of bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2076
Provision for estimated loss on derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2077
Provision for warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2078
Provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2079
Investor education and protection fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2080
Unclaimed and unpaid dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2081
Unclaimed and unpaid fixed deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2082

xxxviii Table of Contents
Unclaimed and unpaid debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2083

Unclaimed and unpaid interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2084
Unclaimed and unpaid others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2085
Current liabilities and provisions transferred on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2086
Current liabilities and provisions taken over on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2087
Current liabilities and provisions due to SSIs and SMEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2088
Trade payables and acceptances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2089
Contingent liabilities and Commitments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2090
Contingent liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2090
Bills and cheques discounted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2091
Acceptances, endorsement obligation (banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2092
Letter of credit issued by the company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2093
Letter of credit issued by the company for group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2094
Letter of credit issued by banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2095
Disputed taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2096
Disputed income tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2097
Disputed excise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2098
Disputed custom duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2099
Disputed sales tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2100
Others disputed taxes including octroi and local taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2101
Disputed claims or others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2102
Disputed licence fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2103
Disputed lease rentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2104
Other claims disputed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2105
Guarantees and counter-guarantees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2106
Guarantees given by company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2107
Guarantee for group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2108
Guarantee given in India (for finance companies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2109
Guarantee given outside India (for finance companies) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2110
Counter guarantees by company on behalf of others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2111
Counter guarantees for group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2112
Bonds issued in favour of govt authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2113
Bonds issued for disputed taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2114
Bonds issued for disputed income tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2115
Bonds issued for disputed excise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2116
Bonds issued for disputed custom duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2117
Bonds issued for disputed sales tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2118
Bonds issued by directors and promoters in their personal capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2119
Bonds issued for other purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2120
Liabilities on account of non fulfilment of export obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2121
Liabilities on account of forward foreign exchange contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2122
Claims not acknowledged as debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2123
Other contingent liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2124
Arrears of preference dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2126
Unprovided employee dues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2127
Liabilities of un-called and partly paidup shares & debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2128
Liabilities of underwriting obligation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2129
Other miscellaneous contingent liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2130
Commitments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2131
Commitment on capital account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2132
Commitment on other/revenue account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2133
Export obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2134
Letter of Comfort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2135
Guarantees given by companies bankers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2136
Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2137
Non-current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2138
Net fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2139

Table of Contents xxxix
Gross fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2140

Gross total additions to fixed assets during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2141
Gross fixed assets additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2142
Gross fixed assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2143
Gross fixed assets additions during the year due to currency translation/restatement differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2144
Gross total deductions from fixed assets during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2145
Gross fixed assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2146
Gross fixed assets deduction due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2147
Gross fixed assets deductions during the year due to currency translation/restatement differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2148
Transfers from gross fixed assets into non-current asset held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2149
Cumulative depreciation on gross fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2150
Gross fixed assets depreciation during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2151
Net intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2152
Gross intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2153
Total additions to intangible assets during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2154
Intangible assets addition in the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2155
Intangible assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2156
Additions to intangible assets during the year due to currency translation/restatement differences . . . . . . . . . . . . 2157
Total deductions from intangible assets during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2158
Intangible assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2159
Deduction from intangible assets due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2160
Deductions from intangible assets during the year due to currency translation/restatement differences . . . . . . . . . . 2161
Transfers from intangible assets into non-current asset held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2162
Cumulative depreciation on intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2163
Depreciation on intangible assets for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2164
Goodwill, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2165
Goodwill, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2166
Goodwill additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2167
Goodwill additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2168
Goodwill deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2169
Cumulative depreciation on goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2170
Depreciation on goodwill for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2171
Software, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2172
Software, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2173
Software additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2174
Software additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2175
Software deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2176
Cumulative depreciation on software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2177
Depreciation on software for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2178
Mining rights, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2179
Mining rights, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2180
Mining rights additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2181
Mining rights additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2182
Mining rights deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2183
Cumulative depreciation on Mining rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2184
Depreciation on mining rights etc for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2185
Licenses & trade related rights, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2186
Licenses & trade related rights, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2187
Licenses & trade related rights additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2188
Licenses & trade related rights additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2189
Licenses & trade related rights deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2190
Cumulative depreciation on Licenses & trade related rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2191
Depreciation on Licenses & trade related rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2192
Brands & trademark, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2193
Brands & trademark, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2194
Brands & trademark additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2195
Brands & trademark additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2196

xl Table of Contents
Brands & trademark deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2197

Cumulative depreciation on Brands & trademark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2198
Depreciation on Brands & trademark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2199
Patents & copyrights, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2200
Patents & copyrights, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2201
Patents & copyrights additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2202
Patents & copyrights additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2203
Patents & copyrights deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2204
Cumulative depreciation on Patents & copyrights cumulative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2205
Depreciation on Patents & copyrights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2206
Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc., net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2207
Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc., gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2208
Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc. additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2209
Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc. additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2210
Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc. deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2211
Cumulative depreciation on Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2212
Depreciation on Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2213
Other intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2214
Other intangible assets, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2215
Other intangible assets additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2216
Other intangible assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2217
Other intangible assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2218
Cumulative depreciation on other intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2219
Depreciation on other intangible assets for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2220
Net property, plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2221
Gross property, plant and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2222
Total additions to PPE during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2223
Additions to PPE during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2224
Additions to PPE during the year due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2225
Additions to PPE during the year due to currency translation/restatement differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2226
Total deductions from PPE during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2227
Deductions from PPE during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2228
Deductions from PPE during the year due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2229
Deductions from PPE during the year due to currency translation/restatement differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2230
Transfers from PPE into non-current asset held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2231
Cumulative depreciation on PPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2232
Depreciation on PPE for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2233
Land and buildings, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2234
Net freehold & leasehold land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2235
Gross freehold & leasehold land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2236
Additions to freehold & leasehold land during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2237
Additions to freehold & leasehold land during the year due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2238
Deductions from freehold & leasehold land during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2239
Cumulative depreciation on freehold & leasehold land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2240
Depreciation on freehold & leasehold land for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2241
Net freehold land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2242
Net leasehold land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2243
Net mining / oil & gas properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2244
Gross mining / oil & gas properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2245
Additions to mining / oil & gas properties during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2246
Additions to mining / oil & gas properties during the year due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2247
Deductions from mining / oil & gas properties during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2248
Cumulative depreciation on mining / oil & gas properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2249
Depreciation on mining / oil & gas properties for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2250
Net biological assets - bearer plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2251
Gross biological assets - bearer plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2252
Additions to biological assets - bearer plants during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2253

Table of Contents xli
Additions to biological assets - bearer plants during the year due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2254
Deductions from biological assets - bearer plants during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2255
Cumulative depreciation on biological assets - bearer plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2256
Depreciation on biological assets - bearer plants for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2257
Leasehold improvements, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2258
Leasehold improvements, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2259
Leasehold improvements additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2260
Leasehold improvements additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2261
Leasehold improvements deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2262
Cumulative depreciation on leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2263
Depreciation on leasehold improvements for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2264
Buildings, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2265
Building, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2266
Building additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2267
Building additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2268
Building deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2269
Cumulative depreciation on buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2270
Depreciation on buildings for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2271
Land and building, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2272
Land and building additions during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2273
Land and building additions due to revaluation during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2274
Land and building deductions during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2275
Cumulative depreciation on Land and building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2276
Depreciation on land and buildings for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2277
Plant & machinery, computers and electrical assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2278
Plant and machinery, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2279
Plant and machinery, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2280
Plant and machinery additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2281
Plant and machinery additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2282
Plant and machinery deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2283
Cumulative depreciation on plant and machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2284
Depreciation on plant and machinery for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2285
Computers and IT systems, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2286
Computers and IT systems, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2287
Computer systems additions during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2288
Computer systems additions due to revaluation during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2289
Computer systems deductions during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2290
Cumulative depreciation on computers and IT systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2291
Depreciation on computers and IT systems for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2292
Electrical installations & fittings, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2293
Electrical installations & fittings, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2294
Electrical installations & fittings additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2295
Electrical installations & fittings additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2296
Electrical installations & fittings deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2297
Cumulative depreciation on electrical installations & fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2298
Depreciation on electrical installations & fittings for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2299
Plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2300
Plant & machinery, computer and electrical assets additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2301
Plant & machinery, computer and electrical assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2302
Plant & machinery, computer and electrical assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2303
Cumulative depreciation on plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2304
Depreciation on plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2305
Transport & communication equipment and infrastructure, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2306
Transport infrastructure, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2307
Transport infrastructure, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2308
Transport infrastructure additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2309
Transport infrastructure additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2310

xlii Table of Contents
Transport infrastructure deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2311

Cumulative depreciation on transport & other infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2312
Depreciation on transport & other infrastructure for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2313
Transport equipment and vehicles, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2314
Transport equipment and vehicles, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2315
Transport equipment and vehicles additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2316
Transport equipment and vehicles additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2317
Transport equipment and vehicles deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2318
Cumulative depreciation on transport equipment and vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2319
Depreciation on transport equipment and vehicles for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2320
Communication equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2321
Communication equipment, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2322
Communication equipment additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2323
Communication equipment additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2324
Communication equipment deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2325
Cumulative depreciation on communication equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2326
Depreciation on communication equipment for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2327
Transport & communication equipment and infrastructure, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2328
Transport and communication equipment additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2329
Transport and communication equipment additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2330
Transport and communication equipment deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2331
Cumulative depreciation on Transport and communication equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2332
Depreciation on transport and communication equipment for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2333
Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2334
Furniture and fixtures, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2335
Furniture and fixtures, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2336
Furniture and fixtures additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2337
Furniture and fixtures additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2338
Furniture and fixtures deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2339
Cumulative depreciation on furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2340
Depreciation on furniture and fixtures for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2341
Social amenities, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2342
Social amenities, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2343
Social amenities additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2344
Social amenities additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2345
Social amenities deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2346
Cumulative depreciation on social amenities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2347
Depreciation on social amenities for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2348
Other fixed assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2349
Other fixed assets, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2350
Other fixed assets additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2351
Other fixed assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2352
Other fixed assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2353
Cumulative depreciation on other fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2354
Depreciation on other fixed assets for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2355
Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2356
Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2357
Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2358
Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2359
Cumulative depreciation on furniture and other fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2360
Depreciation on furniture and other fixed assets for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2361
Net biological assets excluding bearer plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2362
Gross biological assets excluding bearer plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2363
Additions to biological assets excluding bearer plants during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2364
Additions to biological assets excluding bearer plants during the year due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2365
Deductions from biological assets excluding bearer plants during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2366
Cumulative depreciation on biological assets excluding bearer plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2367

Table of Contents xliii
Depreciation on biological assets excluding bearer plants for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2368
Net lease reserve adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2369
Cumulative arrears of depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2370
Provision for impairment and other diminution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2371
Pre-operative expenses pending allocation, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2372
Pre-operative Interest expenses, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2373
Pre-operative employee compensation, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2374
Pre-operative other expenses, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2375
Pre-operative income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2376
Pre-operative expenses allocated to fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2377
Pre-operative expenses transferred to miscellaneous expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2378
Pre-operative expenses written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2379
Net pre-operative expenses pending allocation (Closing Balance) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2380
CWIP & Intangible assets under development (net of impairment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2381
Long term loans and advances by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382
Term loans (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2383
Long term housing loans by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2384
Advances to finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2385
Long term advances and deposits with government and statutory authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2386
Receivables against stock hired out (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2387
Net investments in long term leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2388
Other long term advances by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2389
Of which 1: secured long term loans made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2390
Of which 2: unsecured long term loans made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2391
Of which 3: doubtful long term loans made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2392
Of which 4: long term loans to priority sector made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2393
Of which 5: long term advances by finance companies to public sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2394
Of which 6: long term overseas loans made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2395
Long term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2396
Long term investment in equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2397
Long term investment in equity shares of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2398
Long term investment in equity shares of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2399
Long term investment in preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2400
Long term investment in preference shares of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2401
Long term investment in preference shares of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2402
Long term investment in debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2403
Long term in debt instruments (incl. debentures) other than government debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2404
Long term investment in debt instruments of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2405
Long term investment in debt instruments of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2406
Long term investment in bonds and securities of government and local bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2407
Long term investment in dated securities and t-bills of govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2408
Long term investment in other securities of govt and local bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2409
Long term investment in mutual funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2410
Long term investment in mutual funds of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2411
Long term investment in mutual funds of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2412
Long term investment in approved securities (for SLR and other statutory requirement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2413
Long term investment in assisted companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2414
Long term investment in others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2415
Long term investment in own debentures and securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2416
Long term investment in share and debenture application money (pending allotment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2417
Long term investment in immovable properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2418
Long term investment in the capital of partnership firms, AOP, BOI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2419
Long term investment of un-utilised monies of issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2420
Long term miscellaneous investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2421
Less: provision for impairment / diminution in value of long term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2422
Book value of long term quoted investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2423
Book value of long term quoted shares, debt instruments & units of group/related companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2424

xliv Table of Contents
Book value of long term quoted shares, debt instruments & units of other companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2425
Book value of long term quoted govt. securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2426
Market value of long term quoted investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2427
Long term trade investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2428
Long term non-trade investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2429
Long term investment outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2430
Of which: Long term overseas investments in group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2431
Long term Investment lodged as security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2432
Non provision for dimin in value of long term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2433
Non provn. for dimin in value of long term invst of group cos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2434
Non provn. for dimin in value of other long term invsts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2435
Deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2436
Long term loans & advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2438
Long term loans and advances to employees and directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2439
Long term capital advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2440
Long term loans provided to companies, departmental undertakings and business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2441
Long term loans provided to group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2442
Long term interest free loans provided to group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2443
Long term interest bearing loans provided to group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2444
Long term loans provided to business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2445
Long term interest free loans provided to business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2446
Long term interest bearing loans provided to business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2447
Long term loans provided to departmental undertakings and SEBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2448
Long term deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2449
Long term security deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2450
Deposits with government and statutory authorities (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2451
Long term margin money deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2452
Other long term deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2453
Long term advances recoverable in cash or kind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2454
Long term advances due from group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2455
Expenses paid in advance(non current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2456
Advance payment of tax(non current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2457
MAT credit accumulated(non current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2458
Other prepaid expenses including other indirect taxes paid(non current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2459
Securitised assets & other loans, advances (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2460
Long term securitised assets and loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2461
Other long term loans & advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2462
Long term loans & advances considered good & secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2463
Long term loans & advances considered good but unsecured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2464
Long term loans & advances considered bad & doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2465
Long term loans & advances due from firms in which directors, etc are interested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2466
Long term loans & advances due from directors,MD and managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2467
Maximum amount due from directors, etc. (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2468
Non provision for bad and doubtful loans & advances (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2469
Other long term assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2470
Long term inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2471
Long term raw materials, packing material & stores & spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2472
Raw material (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2473
Packing material (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2474
Raw material, packing material in transit (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2475
Long term stores & spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2476
Long term finished & semi-finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2477
Long term finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2478
Long term semi-finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2479
Long term stock of shares & debentures, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2480
Long term stock of real estate (including work in progress) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2481
Long term stock of constructions (including work in progress) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2482

Table of Contents xlv
Repossessed and stock of other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2483

Long term repossessed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2484
Long term stock of other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2485
Long term trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2486
Long term trade receivables- secured, considered good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2487
Long term trade receivables- unsecured, considered good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2488
Long term trade receivables- doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2489
Long term bank balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2490
Other long term balances (incl. deposit with post office, fis etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2491
Assets held for sale and transfer (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2492
Unamortised expenses (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2493
Ancillary borrowing costs (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2494
Preliminary expenses (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2495
Licence fees (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2496
Technical know-how fees (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2497
Unamortised goodwill (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2498
Pre-operative expenses (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2499
Capital issues expenses (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2500
Voluntary retirement scheme expenses (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2501
Promotional and product development expenses (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2502
Deferred premium on forward contract (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2503
Other miscellaneous expenses not written off (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2504
Less: misc. exp. adjusted against reserves (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2505
Other long term receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2506
Accrued income including interest receivables(non current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2507
Lease rent receivable(non current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2508
Receivables on account of exchange fluctuations(non current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2509
Receivables for sale of investments(non current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2510
Inter-office adjustments of receivables(non current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2511
Non-current regulatory deferral assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2512
Other non-current receivables (incl. lease terminal adjustment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2513
Current assets (incl. short term investments, loans & advances) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2514
Short term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2515
Short term investment in equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2516
Short term investment in equity shares of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2517
Short term investment in equity shares of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2518
Short term investment in preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2519
Short term investment in preference shares of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2520
Short term investment in preference shares of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2521
Short term investment in debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2522
Short term investment in debt instruments (incl. debentures) other than government debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . 2523
Short term investment in debt instruments of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2524
Short term investment in debt instruments of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2525
Short term investment in bonds and securities of government and local bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2526
Short term investment in dated securities and t-bills of govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2527
Short term investment in other securities of govt and local bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2528
Short term investment in mutual funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2529
Short term investment in mutual funds of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2530
Short term investment in mutual funds of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2531
Short term investment in approved securities (for slr and other statutory requirement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2532
Short term investment in assisted companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2533
Short term investment in others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2534
Short term investment in own debentures and securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2535
Short term investment in share and debenture application money (pending allotment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2536
Short term investment in immovable properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2537
Short term investment in the capital of partnership firms, aop, boi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2538
Short term investment of un-utilised monies of issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2539

xlvi Table of Contents
Miscellaneous Short term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2540

Less: provision for impairment / diminution in value of short term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2541
Short term inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2542
Short term raw materials, packing material & stores & spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2543
Raw material (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2544
Packing material (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2545
Short term raw material, packing material in transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2546
Short term stores & spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2547
Short term stores and spares in transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2548
Short term finished & semi-finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2549
Short term finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2550
Short term finished goods in transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2551
Short term semi-finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2552
Short term semi finished goods in transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2553
Short term stock of shares & debentures, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2554
Short term stock of real estate (including work in progress) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2555
Short term stock of constructions (including work in progress) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2556
Repossessed, hired & other stock of assets (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2557
Short term repossessed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2558
Short term stock of other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2559
Short term trade receivables & bills receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2560
Short term trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2561
Trade receivables, outstanding over six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2562
Sundry debtors secured, outstanding over six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2563
Sundry debtors unsecured, outstanding over six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2564
Sundry debtors considered doubtful and outstanding for over six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2565
Trade receivables, outstanding less than six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2566
Sundry debtors secured, outstanding less than six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2567
Sundry debtors unsecured, outstanding less than six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2568
Sundry debtors considered doubtful and outstanding for less than six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2569
Trade receivables outstanding from group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2570
Trade receivables from group cos. o/s for more than 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2571
Trade receivables from group cos. o/s for less than 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2572
Trade receivables outstanding from key management personnel(KMP) and entities in which KMP are interested . . . . . . 2573
Trade receivables from KMP o/s for more than 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2574
Other trade receivables o/s from KMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2575
Bills receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2576
Other short term receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2577
Accrued income including interest receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2578
Unbilled revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2579
Lease rent receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2580
Receivables on account of exchange fluctuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2581
Receivables for sale of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2582
Other miscellaneous receivables (incl. lease terminal adjustment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2583
Inter-office adjustments of receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2584
Other non-banking current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2585
Cash balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2586
Cash in hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2587
Cash in transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2588
Cheques and drafts in hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2589
Bank balance (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2590
Balance in banks within India (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2591
Current account in banks within India (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2592
Short term EEFC accounts in banks (exchange earners foreign currency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2593
Deposit accounts in banks within India (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2594
Short term margin money with banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2595
Short term fixed deposits with banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2596

Table of Contents xlvii
Short term fixed deposits lodged as security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2597

Short term certificate of deposits (cash/bank balance) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2598
Money at call with banks in India (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2599
Balance in banks outside India (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2600
Current account in banks outside India (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2601
Deposit accounts in banks outside India (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2602
Money at call with banks outside India (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2603
Balance with RBI (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2604
Balances in earmarked accounts (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2605
Unpaid dividend account (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2606
Unpaid matured deposits (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2607
Unpaid matured debentures (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2608
Share application money due for refund (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2609
Other earmarked accounts (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2610
Other short term balances (incl. deposit with post office, fis etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2611
Of which : foreign currency account (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2612
Short term loans and advances by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2613
Short term loans by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2614
Short term housing loans by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2615
Institution and inter-bank advances (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2616
Short term advances and deposits with government and statutory authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2617
Receivables against stock hired out (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2618
Net investments in short term finance leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2619
Other short term advances by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2620
Of which 1: secured short term loans made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2621
Of which 2: unsecured short term loans made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2622
Of which 3: short term loans to priority sector made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2623
Of which 4: short term advances by finance companies to public sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2624
Of which 5: short term overseas loans made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2625
Short term loans & advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2626
Short term loans and advances to employees and directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2627
Short term capital advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2628
Short term loans provided to companies, departmental undertakings and business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2629
Short term loans provided to group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2630
Interest free short term loans provided to group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2631
Interest bearing short term loans provided to group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2632
Short term loans provided to business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2633
Interest free short term loans provided to business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2634
Interest bearing short term loans provided to business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2635
Short term loans provided to departmental undertakings and SEBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2636
Short term deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2637
Short term security deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2638
Deposits with government and statutory authorities (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2639
Short term margin money deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2640
Other short term deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2641
Short term advances recoverable in cash or kind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2642
Short term advances due from group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2643
Expenses paid in advance (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2644
Advance payment of tax (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2645
MAT credit accumulated (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2646
Other prepaid expenses including indirect taxes paid (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2647
Securitised assets & other loans, advances (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2648
Short term securitised assets and loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2649
Other short term loans & advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2650
Assets held for sale and transfer (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2651
Unamortised expenses (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2652
Ancillary borrowing costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2653

xlviii Table of Contents
Preliminary expenses (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2654

Unamortised licence fees (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2655
Technical know-how fees (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2656
Unamortised goodwill (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2657
Pre-operative expenses (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2658
Capital issue expenses (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2659
Voluntary retirement scheme expenses (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2660
Promotional and product development expenses (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2661
Deferred premium on forward contract (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2662
Other miscellaneous expenses not written off (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2663
Less: misc. exp. adjusted against reserves (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2664
Biological assets excluding bearer plants (current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2665
Opening biological assets excluding bearer plants (current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2666
Purchases/development of biological assets excluding bearer plants (current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2667
Fair valuation of biological assets excluding bearer plants (current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2668
Sales/disposals of biological assets excluding bearer plants (current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2669
Transfer to inventory from biological assets excluding bearer plants (current) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2670
Addendum information of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2671
Addition to gfa due to fluctuation in forex rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2671
Deduction to gfa due to fluctuation in forex rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2672
Total Addition in depreciation due to fluctuation in forex rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2673
Total Deduction in depreciation due to fluctuation in forex rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2674
Leased out assets, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2675
Building leased out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2676
Plant and machinery leased out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2677
Vehicles leased out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2678
Other leased out assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2679
Cumulative depreciation on leased out assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2680
Leased in assets, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2681
Leased in buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2682
Leased in plant and machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2683
Leased in vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2684
Leased in others assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2685
Cumulative depreciation on leased in assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2686
Addition till date in fixed assets due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2687
Total cumulative impairment of fixed assets and other diminution/adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2688
Cumulative Impairment of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2689
Impairment of goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2690
Impairment of software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2691
Impairment of mining rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2692
Impairment of licenses & trade related rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2693
Impairment of brands & trademark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2694
Impairment of patents & copyrights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2695
Impairment of technical knowhow including product designs/formulae etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2696
Impairment of other intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2697
Impairment of land and building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2698
Impairment of land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2699
Impairment of leasehold improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2700
Impairment of biological assets - bearer plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2701
Impairment of mining / oil & gas properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2702
Impairment of building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2703
Impairment of plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2704
Impairment of plant and machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2705
Impairment of computers and IT systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2706
Impairment of electrical installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2707
Impairment of transport & communication equipment & infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2708
Impairment of transport infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2709

Table of Contents xlix
Impairment of transport equipment and vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2710

Impairment of communication equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2711
Impairment of furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2712
Impairment of furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2713
Impairment of social amenities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2714
Impairment of other fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2715
Impairment of biological assets excluding bearer plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2716
Total impairment of fixed assets for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2717
Impairment of intangible assets for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2718
Impairment of goodwill for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2719
Impairment of software for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2720
Impairment of mining rights for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2721
Impairment of licenses & trade related rights for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2722
Impairment of brands & trademark for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2723
Impairment of patents & copyrights for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2724
Impairment of technical knowhow including product designs/formulae etc. for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2725
Impairment of other intangible assets for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2726
Impairment of tangible assets/PPE for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2727
Impairment of land and building for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2728
Impairment of plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2729
Impairment of transport & communication equipment & infrastructure for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2730
Impairment of furniture and other fixed assets for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2731
Impairment of biological assets excluding bearer plants for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2732
Long term trade receivables outstanding from key management personnel(KMP) and entities in which KMP are interested . . . 2733
Addendum information of short term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2734
Book value of quoted investments (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2734
Book value of shares, debt instruments & units of group companies (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2735
Book value of shares, debt instruments & units of other companies (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2736
Book value of quoted govt. securities (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2737
Market value of quoted investments (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2738
Short term marketable securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2739
Short term marketable securities of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2740
Short term marketable securities of other companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2741
Other short term securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2742
Short term trade investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2743
Short term non-trade investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2744
Short term investments outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2745
Of which: overseas investments in group companies (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2746
Short term investments lodged as security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2747
Non provision for dimin in value of investments (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2748
Non provn. for dimin in value of invst of group cos. (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2749
Non provn. for dimin in value of other invsts. (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2750
Addendum information of short term loans & advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2751
Short term loans & advances considered good & secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2751
Short term loans & advances considered good but no security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2752
Short term loans & advances considered bad & doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2753
Short term loans & advances due from firms in which directors, etc are interested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2754
Short term loans & advances due from directors,md and managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2755
Maximum amount due from directors, etc. (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2756
Non provision for bad and doubtful loans & advances (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2757
Addendum information of short term inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2758
Of which : increase in short term inventories due to change in valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2758
Of which : decrease in short term inventories due to change in valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2759
Of which : provision / write off of short term inventories due to obsolescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2760
Excise duty on stock of finished goods (short term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2761
Derived Indicators of Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2762
Assets net of revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2762

l Table of Contents
Total assets net of reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2762

Gross fixed assets net of reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2763
Net fixed assets net of reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2764
Other derived indicators of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2765
Short term cash and bank balance (Derived) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2765
Gross fixed assets, net addition in year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2766
Goodwill, net addition in year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2767
Plant, net addition in year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2768
Communication equipment, net addition in year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2769
Computer IT, net addition in year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2770
Electrical installation & fittings, net addition in_year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2771
Software, net addition in year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2772
Transport infrastructure, net addition in year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2773
Transport vehicles, net addition in year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2774
Building, net addition in year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2775
Other intangible assetes, net addition in year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2776
Furniture, social and other fixed assets, net addition in year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2777
Total accrued income incl interest receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2778
Average balance sheet indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2779
Average total assets net of reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2779
Average gross fixed assets net of reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2780
Average net fixed assets net of reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2781
Average debtors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2782
Average loan and advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2783
Average net worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2784
Average capital employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2785
Average borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2786
Average creditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2787
Average creditors & acceptances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2788
Average deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2789
Average stock of finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2790
Current assets and its composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2791
Current assets incl long term portion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2791
Short term cash and bank balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2792
Inventories as % of current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2793
Sundry debtors, outstanding under six months as % of current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2794
Sundry debtors, outstanding over six months as % of current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2795
Bills receivable as % of current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2796
Other short term receivables as % of current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2797
Cash & bank balance as % of current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2798
Current assets including short term investments & loans and its composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2799
Short term investments to current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2799
Short term inventories to current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2800
Trade receivables & bills receivables to current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2801
Other short term receivables to current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2802
Cash & bank balance to current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2803
Short term loans & advances by finance companies to current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2804
Short term loans & advances to current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2805
Asset held for sale or transfer to current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2806
Unamortised expenses (short term) to current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2807
Debtors from gp cos as % of st trade recv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2809
Composition of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2810
Investment in equity shares as % of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2810
Investment in preference shares as % of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2811
Investment in debt instruments as % of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2812
Investment in mutual funds as % of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2813
Other investments as % of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2814

Table of Contents li
Provision for dimunition of investments as % of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2815

Market value / book value of quoted investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2816
Investment indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2817
Investments in group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2817
Investments in non-group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2818
Long term investment in group cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2819
Long term investment in non group cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2820
Investment in gp cos as % of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2821
Gross working capital (cost of sales method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2822
Net working capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2823
Net working capital (cost of sales method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2824
Cost of sales method - Raw materials per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2825
Raw materials & packaging expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2826
Average stock of raw materials, packaging and stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2827
Cost of sales method - Work in progress per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2828
Average stock of work in progress goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2829
Cost of sales method - Finished goods per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2830
Cost of sales method - Debtors per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2831
Cost of sales method - Creditors per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2832
Long term funds used for st wcap req . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2833
Working capital cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2834
Raw material cycle (days) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2834
WIP cycle (days) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2835
Finished goods cycle (days) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2836
Debtor days (days) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2837
Gross working capital cycle (days) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2838
Creditor days (days) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2839
Net working capital cycle (days) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2840
Liquidity ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2841
Quick ratio (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2841
Current ratio (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2843
Debt to equity ratio (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2846
Cash to current liabilities (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2847
Cash & bank balance (excl FD held as security) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2849
Cash to average cost of sales per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2850
Asset turnover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2851
Raw material turnover (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2851
WIP turnover (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2852
Finished goods turnover (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2853
Debtors turnover (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2854
Creditors turnover (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2855
Employees utilisation ratio(times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2856
Gross fixed assets utilisation ratio(times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2857
Net fixed asstes utilisation ratio(times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2858
Banking measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2859
Total loans & advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2859
Advances to others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2860
Deposits & advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2861
Composition of assets as per old schedule VI disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2862
Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2862
Gross fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2863
Intangible assets, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2864
Goodwill, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2865
Goodwill, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2866
Goodwill additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2867
Goodwill additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2868
Goodwill deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2869

lii Table of Contents
Goodwill cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2870

Goodwill depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2871
Software, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2872
Software, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2873
Software additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2874
Software additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2875
Software deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2876
Software cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2877
Software depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2878
Mining rights, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2879
Mining rights, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2880
Mining rights additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2881
Mining rights additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2882
Mining rights deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2883
Mining rights cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2884
Mining rights depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2885
Other intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2886
Other intangible assets, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2887
Other intangible assets additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2888
Other intangible assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2889
Other intangible assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2890
Other intangible assets cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2891
Other intangible assets depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2892
Intangible assets addition in the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2893
Intangible assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2894
Intangible assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2895
Intangible assets cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2896
Intangible assets depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2897
Intangible assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2898
Land and building, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2899
Land, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2900
Land, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2901
Land additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2902
Land additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2903
Land deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2904
Land cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2905
Land depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2906
Net freehold land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2907
Net leasehold land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2908
Leasehold improvements, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2909
Leasehold improvements, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2910
Leasehold improvements additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2911
Leasehold improvements additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2912
Leasehold improvements deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2913
Leasehold improvements cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2914
Leasehold improvements depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2915
Buildings, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2916
Building, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2917
Building additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2918
Building additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2919
Building deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2920
Building cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2921
Building depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2922
Land and building additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2923
Land and building additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2924
Land and building deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2925
Land and building cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2926

Table of Contents liii
Land and building depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2927

Land and buildings, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2928
Plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2929
Plant and machinery, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2930
Plant and machinery, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2931
Plant and machinery additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2932
Plant and machinery additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2933
Plant and machinery deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2934
Plant and machinery cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2935
Plant and machinery depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2936
Computers and IT systems, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2937
Computers and IT systems, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2938
Computer systems additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2939
Computer systems due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2940
Computer systems deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2941
Computer systems cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2942
Computer systems depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2943
Electrical installations & fittings, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2944
Electrical installations & fittings, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2945
Electrical installations & fittings additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2946
Electrical installations & fittings additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2947
Electrical installations & fittings deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2948
Electrical installations & fittings cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2949
Electrical installations & fittings depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2950
Plant & machinery, computer and electrical assets additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2951
Plant & machinery, computer and electrical assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2952
Plant & machinery, computer and electrical assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2953
Plant & machinery, computer and electrical assets cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2954
Plant & machinery, computer and electrical assets depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2955
Plant & machinery, computers and electrical assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2956
Transport & communication equipment and infrastructure, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2957
Transport infrastructure, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2958
Transport infrastructure, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2959
Transport infrastructure additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2960
Transport infrastructure additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2961
Transport infrastructure deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2962
Transport infrastructure cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2963
Transport infrastructure depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2964
Transport equipment and vehicles, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2965
Transport equipment and vehicles, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2966
Transport equipment and vehicles additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2967
Transport equipment and vehicles additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2968
Transport equipment and vehicles deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2969
Transport equipment and vehicles cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2970
Transport equipment and vehicles depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2971
Communication equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2972
Communication equipment, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2973
Communication equipment additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2974
Communication equipment additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2975
Communication equipment deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2976
Communication equipment cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2977
Communication equipment depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2978
Transport and communication equipment additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2979
Transport and communication equipment additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2980
Transport and communication equipment deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2981
Transport and communication equipment cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2982
Transport and communication equipment depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2983

liv Table of Contents
Transport & communication equipment and infrastructure, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2984

Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2985
Furniture and fixtures, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2986
Furniture and fixtures, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2987
Furniture and fixtures additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2988
Furniture and fixtures additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2989
Furniture and fixtures deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2990
Furniture and fixtures cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2991
Furniture and fixtures depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2992
Social amenities, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2993
Social amenities, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2994
Social amenities additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2995
Social amenities additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2996
Social amenities deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2997
Social amenities cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2998
Social amenities depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2999
Other fixed assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3000
Other fixed assets, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3001
Other fixed assets additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3002
Other fixed assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3003
Other fixed assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3004
Other fixed assets cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3005
Other fixed assets depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3006
Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3007
Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3008
Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3009
Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3010
Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3011
Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3012
Gross fixed assets additions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3013
Gross fixed assets additions due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3014
Gross fixed assets deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3015
Gross fixed assets cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3016
Gross fixed assets depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3017
Net fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3018
Net lease reserve adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3019
Cumulative arrears of depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3020
Provision for impairment and other diminution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3021
Pre-operative expenses pending allocation, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3022
Pre-operative Interest expenses, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3023
Pre-operative employee compensation, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3024
Pre-operative other expenses, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3025
Pre-operative income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3026
Pre-operative expenses allocated to fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3027
Pre-operative expenses transferred to miscellaneous expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3028
Pre-operative expenses written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3029
Pre-operative expenses pending allocation, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3030
Capital work-in-progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3031
Addendum information on fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3032
Addition to gfa due to fluctuation in forex rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3032
Deduction to gfa due to fluctuation in forex rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3033
Total Addition in depreciation due to fluctuation in forex rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3034
Total Deduction in depreciation due to fluctuation in forex rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3035
Leased out assets, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3036
Building leased out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3037
Plant and machinery leased out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3038
Vehicles leased out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3039

Table of Contents lv
Other leased out assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3040

Cumulative depreciation on leased out assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3041
Net fixed assets transferred on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3042
Net fixed assets transferred on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3043
Leased in assets, gross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3044
Leased in buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3045
Leased in plant and machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3046
Leased in vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3047
Leased in others assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3048
Cumulative depreciation on leased in assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3049
Addition till date in fixed assets due to revaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3050
Total impairment of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3051
Impairment of intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3052
Impairment of goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3053
Impairment of software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3054
Impairment of other intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3055
Impairment of land and building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3056
Impairment of land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3057
Impairment of building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3058
Impairment of plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3059
Impairment of plant and machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3060
Impairment of computers and IT systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3061
Impairment of electrical installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3062
Impairment of transport & communication equipment & infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3063
Impairment of transport infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3064
Impairment of transport equipment and vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3065
Impairment of communication equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3066
Impairment of furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3067
Impairment of furniture and fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3068
Impairment of social amenities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3069
Impairment of other fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3070
Loans and advances by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3071
Term loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3072
Housing loans (for banks and housing finance cos only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3073
Short-term loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3074
Bills purchased and discounted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3075
Cash credits, overdrafts & loans repayable on demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3076
Institution and inter-bank advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3077
Advances by finance companies to government authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3078
Stock hired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3079
Net investments in leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3080
Other advances by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3081
Secured loans made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3082
Of which: secured by tangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3083
Of which: covered by bank/government guarantees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3084
Unsecured loans made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3085
Loans to priority sector made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3086
Advances by finance companies to public sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3087
Of which: inter bank advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3088
Of which: advances made by banks other than to priority, public sector and banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3089
Overseas loans made by finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3090
Of which: due from bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3091
Of which: due from other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3092
Of which: bills purcased and discounted outside india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3093
Of which: syndicated loans outside india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3094
Of which: other loans outside india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3095
Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3096

lvi Table of Contents
Investment in equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3097

Investment in equity shares of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3098
Investment in equity shares of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3099
Investment in preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3100
Investment in preference shares of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3101
Investment in preference shares of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3102
Investment in debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3103
Investments in debt instruments other than government debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3104
Investment in debt instruments of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3105
Investment in debt instruments of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3106
Investment in bonds and securities of government and local bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3107
Investment in dated securities and t-bills of govt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3108
Investment in other securities of govt and local bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3109
Investment in mutual funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3110
Investment in mutual funds of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3111
Investment in mutual funds of other than group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3112
Investment in approved securities (for SLR and other statutory requirement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3113
Investment in assisted companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3114
Investment in others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3115
Investment in own debentures and securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3116
Investment in share and debenture application money (pending allotment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3117
Investment in immovable properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3118
Investment in capital of partnership firms, AOP, BOI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3119
Investment of un-utilised monies of issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3120
Miscellaneous investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3121
Provision for diminution in value of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3122
Book value of quoted investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3123
Book value of quoted investments in group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3124
Book value of quoted investments in other companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3125
Book value of investments in quoted govt. securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3126
Market value of quoted investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3127
Book value of marketable securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3128
Book value of marketable securities of group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3129
Book value of marketable securities of other companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3130
Book value of marketable govt. securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3131
Trade investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3132
Non-trade investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3133
Investment outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3134
Overseas investments in group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3135
Investment lodged as security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3136
Investments transferred on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3137
Investments transferred on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3138
Non provision for diminution in value of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3139
Non provision for diminution in value of investment in group cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3140
Non provision for diminution in value of other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3141
Current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3142
Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3143
Raw materials, packing material and stores & spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3144
Raw material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3145
Packing material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3146
Raw material, packing material in transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3147
Stores & spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3148
Stores and spares in transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3149
Finished & semi-finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3150
Finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3151
Finished goods in transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3152
Semi-finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3153

Table of Contents lvii
Semi finished goods in transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3154

Stock of shares & debentures, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3155
Stock of real estate (including work in progress) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3156
Stock of constructions (including work in progress) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3157
Repossessed, hired & other stock of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3158
Repossessed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3159
Stock of other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3160
Inventories transferred on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3161
Inventories transferred on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3162
Increase in inventories due to change in valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3163
Decrease in inventories due to change in valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3164
Provision/write off due to obsolescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3165
Excise duty on stock of finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3166
Receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3167
Trade receivables & bills receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3168
Trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3169
Trade receivables, outstanding over six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3170
Sundry debtors secured, outstanding over six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3171
Sundry debtors unsecured, outstanding over six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3172
Sundry debtors considered doubtful and outstanding for over six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3173
Trade receivables, outstanding less than six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3174
Sundry debtors secured, outstanding less than six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3175
Sundry debtors unsecured, outstanding less than six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3176
Sundry debtors considered doubtful and outstanding for less than six months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3177
Trade receivables outstanding from group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3178
Trade receivables from group cos. o/s for more than 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3179
Trade receivables from group cos. o/s for less than 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3180
Trade receivables outstanding from key management personnel(KMP) and entities in which KMP are interested . . . . 3181
Trade receivables from KMP o/s for more than 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3182
Other trade receivables o/s from KMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3183
Bills receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3184
Other short term receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3185
Accrued income including interest receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3186
Lease rent receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3187
Receivables on account of exchange fluctuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3188
Receivables for sale of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3189
Other miscellaneous receivables (incl. lease terminal adjustment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3190
Inter-office adjustments of receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3191
Other non-banking current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3192
Cash and bank balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3193
Cash balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3194
Cash in hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3195
Cash in transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3196
Cheques and drafts in hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3197
Bank balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3198
Balance in banks within India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3199
Current account in banks within India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3200
EEFC accounts in banks (Exchange earnings foreign currency) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3201
Deposit accounts in banks within India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3202
Margin money with banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3203
Fixed deposits with banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3204
Fixed deposits lodged as security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3205
Money at call with banks in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3206
Balance in banks outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3207
Current account in banks outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3208
Deposit accounts in banks outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3209
Money at call with banks outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3210

lviii Table of Contents
Balance with RBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3211

Balances in earmarked accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3212
Unpaid dividend account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3213
Unpaid matured deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3215
Unpaid matured debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3216
Share application money due for refund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3217
Other earmarked accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3218
Other balances (incl. deposits with post offices, FIs, etc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3219
Foreign currency account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3220
Cash & bank balances on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3221
Cash & bank balances on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3222
Assets held for sale and transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3223
Loans & advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3224
Loans and advances to employees and directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3225
Capital advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3226
Loans provided to companies, departmental undertakings and business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3227
Loans provided to group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3228
Interest free loans provided to group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3229
Interest bearing loans provided to group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3230
Loans provided to non-group business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3231
Interest free loans provided to non-group business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3232
Interest bearing loans provided to non-group business enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3233
Loans provided to departmental undertakings and SEBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3234
Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3235
Security deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3236
Deposits with government and statutory authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3237
Margin money deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3238
Other deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3239
Advances recoverable in cash or kind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3240
Advances due from group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3241
Expenses paid in advance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3242
Advance payment of direct taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3243
MAT credit accumulated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3244
Other prepaid expenses including indirect taxes paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3245
Securitised assets & other loans, advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3246
Securitised assets and loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3247
Other loans & advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3248
Loans & advances considered good & secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3249
Loans & advances considered good but not secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3250
Loans & advances considered bad & doubtful . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3251
Loans & advances due from directors, MDs and managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3252
Loans & advances due from firms in which directors, etc are interested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3253
Maximum amount due from directors, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3254
Non provision for bad and doubtful loans & advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3255
Deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3256
Miscellaneous expenses not written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3258
Ancillary costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3260
Preliminary expenses not written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3261
Unamortised licence fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3262
Technical know-how fees not written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3263
Unamortised goodwill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3264
Pre-operative expenses not written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3265
Capital issues expenses not written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3266
Voluntary retirement scheme expenses not written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3267
Promotional and product development expenses not written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3268
Other miscellaneous expenses not written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3269
Miscellaneous expenses adjusted against reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3270

Table of Contents lix
Miscellaneous expenditure not written off on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3271

Misc. exp not written off on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3272
Receivables transferred on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3273
Receivables transferred on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3274
Cash flow statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3275
Net cash flow from operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3275
Net profit before tax and extra ordinary items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3277
Adjustments for depreciation & amortisation in cash flow statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3278
Adjustments for impairment / (reversal of impairment) of PPE & intangible assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3279
Adjustments for finance cost (including interest expense) in cash flow statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3280
Adjustments due to provision for contingencies in cash flow statement (banks or fis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3281
Adjustments due to foreign exchange (gain) or loss in cash flow statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3282
Adjustments due to add back of amortisations & assets written off in cash flow statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3283
Adjustments due to add back of other provisions & impairments in cash flow statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3284
Adjustments due to (profit) or loss on sale of investments in cash flow statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3285
Adjustments due to (profit) or loss on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3286
Adjustments for interest income in cash flow statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3287
Adjustments for dividend income in cash flow statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3288
Expense on employee stock option scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3289
Adjustments for other expenses or income in cash flow statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3290
Adjustments due to provision or liabilities written back in cash flow statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3291
Operating cash flow before working capital changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3292
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to decrease or (increase) in trade & other receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3293
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to decrease or (increase) in inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3294
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to increase or (decrease) in trade & other payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3295
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to deposits (banks or FIs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3296
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to advances (banks or FIs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3297
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to investments (banks or fis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3298
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to borrowings (banks or fis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3299
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3300
Cash flow before taxes generated from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3301
Cash (outflow) / inflow due to direct taxes (paid) / refund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3302
Cash flow before extraordinary items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3303
Cash inflow or (outflow) from extra-ordinary items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3304
Cash (outflow) due to miscellaneous expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3305
Net cash inflow or (outflow) from investment activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3306
Cash (outflow) due to purchase of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3308
Cash inflow due to sale of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3309
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to decrease or (increase) in capital wip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3310
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to acquisition or merger or hiving off of companies or units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3311
Cash (outflow) due to purchase of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3312
Cash inflow from sale/maturity proceeds of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3313
Of which: cash inflow or outflow due to profit or (loss) on redemption of shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3314
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to loans to subs or group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3315
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to loans to others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3316
Cash inflow due to interest received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3317
Cash inflow due to dividend received . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3318
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to other income or (other expenses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3319
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to change in bank balance not considered as cash and cash equivalent/restricted cash . . . . . . . 3320
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to disbursements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3321
Net cash inflow or (outflow) from financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3322
Cash inflow due to proceeds from share issues (including share premium) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3323
Cash (outflow) due to redemption or buyback of capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3324
Cash inflow due to proceeds from issue of share warrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3325
Cash (outflow) due to refund of application money(share/share warrant) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3326
Cash inflow / (outflow) due to cash subsidy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3327
Cash inflow due to proceeds from total borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3328

lx Table of Contents
Cash inflow due to proceeds from long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3329

Cash inflow due to proceeds from short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3330
Cash (outflow) due to repayment of total borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3331
Cash (outflow) due to repayment of long term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3332
Cash (outflow) due to repayment of short term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3333
Cash (outflow) due to issue expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3334
Cash (outflow) due to interest paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3335
Cash (outflow) due to dividend paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3336
Cash (outflow) due to dividend tax paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3337
Cash inflow or (outflow) due to other cash receipts or (payables) from financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3338
Net cash inflow or (outflow) due to net increase or (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3339
Cash and cash equivalents as at the beginning of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3340
Effect of exchange differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3341
Cash and cash equivalents as at the end of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3342
Derived Indicators of Cash Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3343
Operating cash flow before working capital changes (Derived) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3343
Cash inflow due to working capital changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3344
Cash outflow due to working capital changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3345
Adjustment for dividend income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3346
Adjustment for interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3347
Adjustment for other provn written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3348
Adjustment for non-cash non-operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3349
Adjustment for non-cash non-operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3350
Cash flow due to dividend paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3351
Cash flow due to dividend tax paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3352
Cash flow due to issue expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3353
Cash flow due to interest paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3354
Cash flow due to miscellaneous expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3355
Cash flow due to purchase of fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3356
Cash flow due to purchase of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3357
Cash flow due to redemption of buyback of capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3358
Cash flow due to repayment of borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3359
Cash flow due to repayment of long term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3360
Cash flow due to repayment of short term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3361
Cash flow after tax and before prior and extraordinary transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3362
Cash flow before tax and prior and extraordinary transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3363
Cash flow from operating activites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3364
Net cash flow from finance activites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3365
Net cash flow from investment activites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3366
Operating, investment and finance activities net cash flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3367
Net change in cash & cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3368
Cash inflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3369
Cash inflow from finance activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3369
Cash inflow from invest activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3370
Merger or hiving off of companies or units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3371
Decrease in advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3372
Bank balance not considered as cash equivalent (Inflow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3373
Decrease in capital work in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3374
Decrease in inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3375
Increase in trade & other payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3376
Decrease in trade & other receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3377
Increase in deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3378
Cash inflow due to direct taxes refund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3379
Disbursements (Inflow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3380
Cash inflow due to extraordinary items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3381
Loans from other companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3382
Loans from subs or group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3383

Table of Contents lxi
Other cash receipts or payables from fin activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3384

Other income (Inflow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3385
Increase in other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3386
Redemption of shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3387
Unrealised foreign exchange loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3388
Other non-cash and non-operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3389
Loss on sale of assets (addback) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3390
Loss on sale of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3391
Share of minority interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3392
Cash outflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3393
Cash outflow from finance activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3393
Cash outflow from investment activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3394
Cash outflow from acquisition, merger, hiving off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3395
Increase in advances (banks or fis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3396
Bank balance not considered as cash equivalent (Outflow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3397
Increase in capital work in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3398
Increase in inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3399
Decrease in trade & other payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3400
Increase in trade & other receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3401
Decrease in deposits (banks or fis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3402
Cash outflow due to direct taxes paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3403
Disbursements (Outflow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3404
Expense on employee stock option scheme (Outflow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3405
Cash outflow due to extraordinary items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3406
Loans to other companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3407
Loans to subsi or group companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3408
Cash inflow or (outflow) from other fin activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3409
Other income (Outflow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3410
Decrease in other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3411
Profit or (loss) on redemption of shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3412
Unrealised foreign exchange gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3413
Other non-cash and non-operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3414
Profit or loss on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3415
Profit on sale of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3416
Contribution by minority interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3417
Fund flow indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3418
Change in avg net fixed assets net of reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3418
Change in avg total assets net of reval & misc exp not woff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3419
Change in cash and bank balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3420
Change in cash and bank excl. fd given as surety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3421
Change in cumulative retained profits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3422
Change in current liab and provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3423
Change in depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3424
Change in income from finance services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3425
Change in inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3426
Change in PAT net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3427
Change in PBDITA net of P,E,OI & FI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3428
Change in PBPT net of P,E & OI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3429
Change in sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3430
Change in sundry creditors & acceptances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3431
Change in short term sundry debtors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3432
Change in total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3433
Change in total receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3434
Change in total income net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3435
Change in trade & bills receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3436
Change in trade receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3437
Change in working capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3438

lxii Table of Contents
Change in working capital assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439

Change in working capital liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3440
Derived Indicators of Sources & Uses of Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3441
Sources of funds - total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3441
Funds sourced from decrease in wkg cap req . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3442
Funds generated from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3443
Issue of fresh capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3444
Share premium reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3445
Funds sourced from change in convertible warrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3446
Funds sourced from change in borrowings & deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3447
Funds sourced from change in bank & fin inst borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3448
Funds sourced from change in debenture bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3449
Funds sourced from change in corp bodies borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3450
Funds sourced from change in group cos borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3451
Funds sourced from change in forgn borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3452
Loan from promoters and directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3453
Funds sourced from other borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3454
Funds sourced from change in deferred tax liab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3455
Other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3456
Funds sourced from change in gross fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3457
Funds sourced from change in capital work in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3458
Funds sourced from change in asset held for sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3459
Net pre-operative expenses pending allocation (sources) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3460
Funds sourced from change in investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3461
Investment in group cos (sources) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3462
Funds sourced from loans & advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3463
Funds sourced from loans & advances to group & associated cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3464
Funds sourced from change in expenses paid in advance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3465
Funds sourced from change in deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3466
Funds sourced from other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3467
Sources of funds (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3468
Funds sourced from decrease in wkg cap req (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3468
Funds generated from operations (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3469
Issue of fresh capital (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3470
Share premium reserves (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3471
Funds sourced from change in convertible warrants (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3472
Funds sourced from change in borrowings & deposits (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3473
Funds sourced from change in bank & fin inst borrowings (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3474
Funds sourced from change in debenture bonds (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3475
Funds sourced from change in corp bodies borrowings (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3476
Funds sourced from change in group cos borrowings (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3477
Funds sourced from change in forgn borrowings (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3478
Loan from promoters and directors (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3479
Funds sourced from other borrowings (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3480
Funds sourced from change in deferred tax liab (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3481
Other liabilities (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3482
Funds sourced from change in gross fixed assets (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3483
Funds sourced from change in capital work in progress (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3484
Funds sourced from change in asset held for sale (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3485
Net pre-operative expenses pending allocation (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3486
Funds sourced from change in investments (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3487
Investment in group cos (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3488
Funds sourced from loans & advances (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3489
Funds sourced from loans & advances to group & associated cos (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3490
Funds sourced from change in expenses paid in advance (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3491
Funds sourced from change in deferred tax assets (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3492
Funds sourced from other assets (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3493

Table of Contents lxiii
Uses of funds - total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3494

Increase in working capital requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3495
Funds lost in operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3496
Fresh capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3497
Share premium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3498
Convertible warrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3499
Borrowings (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3500
Bank and fin inst borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3501
Debentures & bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3502
Borrowings from corporate bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3503
Borrowings from group and associated cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3504
Foreign borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3505
Loans from promoters, directors & shareholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3506
Other borrowings (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3507
Deferred tax liability (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3508
Other liabilities (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3509
Gross fixed assets (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3510
Capital work-in-progress (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3511
Net pre-operative expenses pending allocation (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3512
Assets held for sale and transfer (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3513
Investments (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3514
Investment in group cos (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3515
Loans & advances (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3516
Loans & advances to group & associated cos (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3517
Expenses paid in advance (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3518
Deferred tax assets (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3519
Other assets (uses) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3520
Uses of funds (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3521
Use incr in wk cap req (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3521
Use funds lost in operations (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3522
Total div (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3523
Use fresh capital (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3524
Use share premium (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3525
Use convertible warrants (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3526
Use borrowings (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3527
Use bank fin inst borr (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3528
Use deb bonds (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3529
Use borr from corp bodies (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3530
Use borr from group cos (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3531
Use foreign borr (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3532
Use loan from promoters (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3533
Use other borrowings (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3534
Use deferred tax liabilities (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3535
Use other liabilities (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3536
Use gross fixed assets (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3537
Use capital work in progress (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3538
Use net pre-operative expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3539
Use assets held for sale (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3540
Use investments (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3541
Use investment in group cos (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3542
Use loan advance (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3543
Use loan advance group cos (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3544
Use expenses paid in advance (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3545
Use deferred tax assets (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3546
Use other assets (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3547
Forex transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3548
Total forex earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3548

lxiv Table of Contents
Export of goods(fob) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3549

Export of services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3550
Forex earning – dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3551
Forex earning – interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3552
Other forex earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3553
Deemed export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3554
Total forex spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3555
Import of raw materials (cif) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3556
Import of stores and spares (cif) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3557
Import of finished goods (cif) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3558
Import of capital goods (cif) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3559
Forex spending – interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3560
Forex spending – dividend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3561
Forex spending – travelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3562
Forex spending royalty/ technical knowhow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3563
Forex spending others(incl payment for services) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3564
Raw materials consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3565
Indigenous raw materials consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3566
Imported raw materials consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3567
Stores & spares(components) consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3568
Indigenous stores & spares consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3569
Imported stores & spares consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3570
Other materials consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3571
Other indigenous materials consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3572
Other imported materials consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3573
Derived Indicators of Foreign Exchange Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3574
Export earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3574
Export / Sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3575
Total forex earnings / Total income (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3576
Raw material imports / Raw material purchases (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3577
CSR Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3578
Average net profit for last three financial year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3578
CSR expenditure to be incurred as per Companies Act 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3579
Amount spent on CSR activities during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3580
CSR amount unspent pertaining to the current year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3581
Miscellaneous Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3582
No. of employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3582
No. of branches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3583
No.of shareholders outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3584
Computation of net profit u/s. 198/349 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3585
Profit before taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3585
Add: depreciation as per books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3586
Loss on sale of fixed assets as per section 349 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3587
Other additions (including directors’ remuneration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3588
Less: depreciation as per section 350 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3589
Profit on sale of fixed assets as per books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3590
Other deductions (including directors’ remuneration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3591
Net profit / (loss) as per section 349 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3592
Managerial remuneration u/s 198 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3593
Salary & allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3594
Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3595
Contribution to provident fund of managerial remuneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3596
Contribution to pension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3597
Perquisites or benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3598
Depreciation u/s 350 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3599
Disclosure of AS-13 accounting for investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3600
Long term investments as per AS-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3600

Table of Contents lxv
Interest income on long term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3601

Dividend income on long term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3602
Of which: dividend on long term investments in subsidiary cos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3603
Rental income from long term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3604
Short term investments as per AS-13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3605
Interest income on short term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3606
Dividend income on short term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3607
Of which: dividend on short term investments in subsidiary cos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3608
Rental income from short term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3609
Profit/loss on disposal of long term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3610
Profit/loss on disposal of current investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3611
Aggregate amount of quoted investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3612
Aggregate amount of unquoted investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3613
Aggregate market value of quoted investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3614
Addendum information on hive-offs and mergers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3615
Loan transfer on hiving off unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3615
Loan transfer on hiving off unit, secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3616
Loan transfer on hiving off unit, unsecured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3617
Loan transfer on merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3618
Loan transfer on merger, secured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3619
Loan transfer on merger, unsecured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3620
Current liabilities and provisions transferred on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3621
Current liabilities and provisions taken over on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3622
Net fixed assets transferred on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3623
Net fixed assets transferred on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3624
Investments transferred on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3625
Investments transferred on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3626
Inventories transferred on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3627
Inventories transferred on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3628
Cash & bank balances on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3629
Cash & bank balances on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3630
Receivables transferred on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3631
Receivables transferred on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3632
Miscellaneous expenditure not written off on account of hiving of unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3633
Misc. exp not written off on account of merger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3634
Disclosure as per AS-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3635
Future minimum lease payables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3635
Minimum lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3636
Not later than one year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3637
Later than one year but not later than five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3638
Later than five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3639
Less: future finance charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3640
Present value of minimum lease payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3641
Not later than one year (present value) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3642
Later than one year but not later five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3643
Later than five year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3644
Future minimum sublease payments receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3645
Future minimum lease payment receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3646
Gross investment in the lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3647
Unguaranteed residual value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3648
Minimum lease payments receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3649
Minimum lease payments receivable not later than one year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3650
Minimum lease payments receivable later than one year but not later than five . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3651
Minimum lease payments receivable later than five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3652
Less: unearned finance income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3653
Present value of minimum lease payments receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3654
Present value of lease payments receivable not later than one year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3655

lxvi Table of Contents
Present value of lease payments receivable later than one year but not later than five . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3656
Present value of lease payments receivable later than five years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3657
Accumulated provision for un-collectible minimum lease payments receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3658
Details of the assets given on operating lease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3659
Gross carrying amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3659
Accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3660
Eps basic, AS 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3661
Earnings - basic EPS, AS 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3662
Add: preference dividend and preference dividend tax (basic eps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3663
Net profit/loss (basic eps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3664
Weighted average equity shares - basic EPS, AS 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3665
Eps diluted, AS 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3666
Earnings - diluted EPS, AS 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3667
Preference dividend and tax, diluted eps, AS 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3668
Income /expense related to dilutive potential equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3669
Net profit/loss (diluted eps) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3671
Weighted average equity shares - diluted EPS, AS 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3672
Nominal value of shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3673
Potential addition of equity shares on loan conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3674
Potential addition of equity shares on debenture conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3675
Potential addition of equity shares on gdr/adr conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3676
Potential addition of equity shares on stock options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3677
Potential addition of equity shares due to other sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3678
Deferred tax assets due to time difference, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3679
DTA because of unabsorbed depreciation and carry forward of losses, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3680
DTA because of provision for doubtful debts, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3681
DTA because of provision for non-performing assets/investments, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3683
DTA because of interest accrued but not due on investment, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3685
DTA because of expenditure on VRS, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3687
DTA because of leave encashment, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3689
DTA because of capital losses, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3691
DTA because of deferred revenue expenses, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3693
DTA because of disallowance u/s 43B of ITA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3695
Other deferred tax assets, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3697
Deferred tax liabilities due to time difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3698
DTL because of depreciation, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3699
DTL because of deferred revenue expenses, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3701
DTL because of capital gains, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3703
Other deferred tax liabilities, AS 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3704
Disclosure as per AS-24(discontinuing operations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3705
Assets from discontinued business, AS 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3705
Liabilities from discontinued business, AS 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3706
Revenue from discontinued business, AS 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3707
Expenses from discontinued business, AS 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3708
Net cash flow from discontinued business, AS 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3709
Disclosure as per AS 27 (jointly controlled entities - joint ventures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3710
Assets in joint ventures, AS 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3710
Liabilities in joint ventures, AS 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3711
Income from joint ventures, AS 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3712
Expenditure of joint ventures, AS 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3713
Capital commitments in joint ventures, AS 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3714
Contingent liabilities (AS 27) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3715
Statutory disclosures for banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3716
Percentage shareholding of Government of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3716
Total risk weighted assets and contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3717

Table of Contents lxvii
Capital adequacy Basel I Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3718

Capital adequacy ratio (in per cent) BASEL I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3718
Tier-1 (in per cent) BASEL I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3719
Tier-2 (in per cent) BASEL I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3720
Capital adequacy ratio (amount) BASEL I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3721
Tier-1 (amount) BASEL I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3722
Tier-2 (amount) BASEL I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3723
Capital adequacy Basel II Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3724
Capital adequacy ratio (in per cent) Basel II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3724
Tier-1 (in per cent) Basel II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3725
Capital adequacy ratio (amount) Basel II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3726
Tier-1 (amount) Basel II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3727
Capital adequacy Basel III Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3728
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (%) Basel III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3728
Total capital adequacy ratio (CRAR) (%) Basel III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3729
Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio (%) Basel III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3730
Tier 2 capital adequacy ratio (%) Basel III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3731
Total capital adequacy ratio (CRAR) (amount) Basel III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3732
Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio (amount) Basel III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3733
Tier 2 capital adequacy ratio (amount) Basel III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3734
Amount of equity capital raised during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3735
Additional Tier 1 capital raised:- Perpetual Non Cumulative Preference Shares (PNCPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3736
Additional Tier 1 capital raised:- Perpetual Debt Instruments (PDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3737
Tier 2 capital raised:- Debt capital instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3738
Tier 2 capital raised:- Preference Share Capital Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3739
Sub-ordinate debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3740
Sub-ordinate debt Tier-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3741
Lending to sensitive sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3742
Total exposure to Capital market sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3743
Total exposure to Real estate sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3744
Total exposure to Commodities sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3745
Business Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3746
Interest income as a percentage to working funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3746
Non-interest income as a percentage to working funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3747
Operating profit as a percentage to working funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3748
Gross non-performing assets (gnpa) to advances (in per cent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3749
Net non-performing assets (nnpa) to net advances (in per cent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3750
Return on assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3751
Business(deposits plus advances) per employee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3752
Profit/Loss per employee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3753
Movement in gross NPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3754
Opening gross NPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3754
Add: New gross NPAs identified during year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3755
Less: Deductions, repayments and write offs of gross NPAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3756
Closing balance gross NPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3757
Movement in net NPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3758
Opening net NPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3758
Add: New net NPAs identified during year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3759
Less: Deductions, repayments and write offs of net NPAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3760
Closing balance net NPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3761
Provisions for NPAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3762
Opening balance of provisions netted from advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3763
Add: New provisions made during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3764
Less: Write-offs/recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3765
Total provisions and contingencies (advances,NPAs,investment and taxes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3766
Provision for non-performing advances and investments(including bad debts written offs and write backs) . . . . . . . . . . . 3767
Provision for depreciation in value of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3768

lxviii Table of Contents
Provisions for standard assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3769

Provision for standard assets ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3770
Provision for income tax/wealth tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3771
Provision for deferred tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3772
Provisions for other taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3773
Floating provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3774
Additional provision for transition to 90 days norms for advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3775
Depreciation/amortisation of premium in case of securities held under htm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3776
Other provisions and contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3777
Gross value of investment - in India and outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3778
Gross value of investment - in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3779
Gross value of investment - outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3780
Provision for depreciation and fair value adjustments (in india and outside india) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3781
Opening balance of provision for depreciation and fair value adjustments (in India and outside India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3781
Add: Provisions for depreciation and fair assets value adjustments of investment (in India and outside India) . . . . . . . . . . 3782
Less: Write-back/write-offs/excess provision of investment provisions (in India and outside India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3783
Add: Transfer from investment fluctuation reserve (in India and outside India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3784
Closing balance of provision for depreciation and fair value adjustments (in India and outside India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3785
Provision for depreciation and fair value adjustments - in india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3786
Opening balance of provision for depreciation and fair value adjustments (in India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3786
Add: Provisions for depreciation and fair assets value adjustments of investment (in India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3787
Less: Write-back/write-offs/excess provision of investment provisions (in India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3788
Add: Transfer from investment fluctuation reserve (in India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3789
Closing balance of provision for depreciation and fair value adjustments (in India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3790
Provision for depreciation and fair value adjustments - outside india . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3791
Opening balance of provision for depreciation and fair value adjustments (outside India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3791
Add: Provisions for depreciation and fair assets value adjustments of investment (outside India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3792
Less: Write-back/write-offs/excess provision of investment provisions (outside India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3793
Add: Transfer from investment fluctuation reserve (outside India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3794
Closing balance of provision for depreciation and fair value adjustments (outside India) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3795
Net value of investment - in India and outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3796
Net value of investment - in India and outside India (reported by the company) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3797
Net value of investment - in India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3798
Net value of investment - outside India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3799
Total gross restructured accounts o/s as at the year end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3800
Total o/s amount of loan assets subjected to restructuring (non-corporate debt restructuring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3801
Amount of o/s standard assets subjected to restructuring (non-corporate debt restructuring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3802
Amount of o/s sub-standard assets subjected to restructuring (non-corporate debt restructuring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3803
Amount of o/s doubtful assets subjected to restructuring (non-corporate debt restructuring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3804
Total o/s amount of loan assets subjected to restructuring (corporate debt restructuring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3805
Amount of o/s standard assets subjected to restructuring (corporate debt restructuring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3806
Amount of o/s sub-standard assets subjected to restructuring (corporate debt restructuring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3807
Amount of o/s doubtful assets subjected to restructuring (corporate debt restructuring) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3808
Investment in shares, etc/financing against shares (for finance cos. incl. banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3809
Investment in equity shares (for finance cos. incl. banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3810
Investment in preference shares (for finance cos. incl. banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3811
Investment in units of mutual funds (for finance cos. incl. banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3812
Investment in convertible debentures (for finance cos. incl. banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3813
Investment in others (for finance cos. incl. banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3814
Advances against security/collateral of shares (for finance cos. incl. banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3815
Total finance extended to stock brokers for margin trading (for finance cos. incl. banks) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3816
Derivatives exposure risk, assets sold to securitisation cos. & investment disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3817
Disclosures on risk exposure of banks in derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3817
Notional principal amount of currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3817
Notional principal amount of currency derivatives for hedging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3818
Notional principal amount of currency derivatives for trading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3819
Notional principal amount of interest rate derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3820

Table of Contents lxix
Notional principal amount of interest rate derivatives for hedging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3821

Notional principal amount of interest rate derivatives for trading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3822
Marked to market positions - currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3823
Assets - currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3824
Liabilities - currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3825
Marked to market positions - interest rate derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3826
Assets - interest rate derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3827
Liabilities - interest rate derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3828
Credit exposure - currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3829
Credit exposure - interest rate derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3830
Likely change in currency derivatives due to 1 % chg. in interest rate (100*pv01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3831
For hedging - currency derivatives (likely change due to 1% int. rate change) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3832
For trading - currency derivatives (likely change due to 1% int. rate change) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3833
Likely change in interest rate derivatives due to 1 % chg. in interest rate (100*pv01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3834
For hedging - interest rate derivatives (likely change due to 1% int. rate change) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3835
For trading - interest rate derivatives (likely change due to 1% int. rate change) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3836
Maximum of 100*pv01 observed during the year - currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3837
For hedging - currency derivatives (maximum of 100*pv01 observed during the year) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3838
For trading - currency derivatives (maximum of 100*pv01 observed during the year) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3839
Maximum of 100*pv01 observed during the year - interest rate derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3840
For hedging - interest rate derivatives (maximum of 100*pv01 observed during the year) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3841
For trading - interest rate derivatives (maximum of 100*pv01 observed during the year) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3842
Minimum of 100*pv01 observed during the year - currency derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3843
For hedging - currency derivatives (minimum of 100*pv01 observed during the year) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3844
For trading - currency derivatives (minimum of 100*pv01 observed during the year) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3845
Minimum of 100*pv01 observed during the year - interest rate derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3846
For hedging - interest rate derivatives (minimum of 100*pv01 observed during the year) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3847
For trading - interest rate derivatives (minimum of 100*pv01 observed during the year) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3848
Details of assets sold to securitisation company/reconstruction company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3849
Number of accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3849
Aggregate value (net of provisions) of accounts sold to sc/rc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3850
Aggregate consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3851
Additional consideration realised in respect of accounts transferred in earlier yrs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3852
Aggregate gain over net book value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3853
Investment classified as held to maturity (htm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3854
Govt securities (htm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3855
Other approved securities (htm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3856
Shares (htm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3857
Debentures/bonds (htm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3858
Joint ventures (htm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3859
Others (htm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3860
Investment classified as available for sale (afs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3861
Govt securities (afs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3862
Other approved securities (afs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3863
Shares (afs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3864
Debentures/bonds (afs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3865
Joint ventures (afs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3866
Others (afs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3867
Investment classified as available for trade (aft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3868
Govt securities (aft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3869
Other approved securities (aft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3870
Shares (aft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3871
Debentures/bonds (aft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3872
Joint ventures (aft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3873
Others (aft) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3874
Divergence in asset classification and provisioning for NPAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3875
Gross NPAs as reported by the bank for the previous year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3875

lxx Table of Contents
Gross NPAs as assessed by RBI for the previous year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3876

Divergence in Gross NPA for the previous year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3877
Net NPAs as reported by the bank for the previous year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3878
Net NPAs as assessed by RBI for the previous year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3879
Divergence in Net NPA for the previous year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3880
Provisioning for NPAs as reported by the bank for the previous year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3881
Provisioning for NPAs as assessed by RBI for the previous year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3882
Divergence in provisioning for the previous year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3883
Reported Net Profit After Tax for the for the previous year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3884
Notional PAT for the previous year after adjusting divergence in provisioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3885
Non-mandatory disclosure for banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3886
Export credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3886
Agriculture credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3887
Project financing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3888
Housing loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3889
NRI deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3890
Credit deposit ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3891
Incremental credit/deposit ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3892
Net Interest Margin (NIM) (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3893
Interest spread (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3894
Interest spread (Amount) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3895
Average return on advances (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3896
Average cost of deposits (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3897
Business from credit & debit cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3898
Number of credit card holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3899
Number of debit cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3900
Number of ATMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3901
Working funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3902
Banking disclosures based on Basel II (Pillar 3) norms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3903
Gross Tier I capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3903
Paid-up share capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3904
Reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3905
Innovative instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3906
Other capital instruments/others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3907
Amounts deducted from Tier I capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3908
Investments in paid up equity of financial subsidiaries/associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3909
Intangibles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3910
Securitisation exposure including credit enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3911
Other amounts deducted from tier 1 capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3912
Net Tier I capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3913
Gross Tier II capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3914
General Provision and Loss Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3915
Debt capital instruments eligible for inclusion in Upper Tier II capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3916
Total amount of debt capital instruments outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3917
Amount raised during the current year from Upper Tier II capital debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3918
Subordinated debt eligible for inclusion in Lower Tier II capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3919
Total amount of subordinated debt instruments outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3920
Amount raised during the current year from Lower Tier II capital subordinated debt instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3921
Other Tier II Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3922
Other deductions from capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3923
Net Tier II capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3924
Total Eligible Capital (amount) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3925
Eligible capital Tier I (amount) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3926
Eligible capital Tier II (amount) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3927
Total capital requirement (for credit,market,operational risk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3928
Capital requirements for credit risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3929
For portfolios subject to standardised approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3930

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Fund based portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3931

Non-fund based portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3932
For securitisation exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3933
Capital requirements for market risk (Standardised duration approach) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3934
Interest rate risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3935
Foreign exchange risk (including gold) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3936
Equity risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3937
Capital requirements for operational risk (Basic indicator approach) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3938
Total risk weighted assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3939
Total capital adequacy ratio of the bank (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3940
Tier I capital adequacy ratio of the bank (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3941
Total capital adequacy ratio of consolidated group (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3942
Tier I capital adequacy ratio of consolidated group (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3943
Total capital adequacy ratio for the significant subsidiary not under consolidated group (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3944
Tier I capital adequacy ratio for the significant subsidiary not under consolidated group (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3945
Total gross credit risk exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3946
Fund based . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3947
Non-fund based . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3948
Geographic distribution of exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3949
Domestic exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3950
Domestic fund based exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3951
Domestic non-fund based exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3952
Overseas exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3953
Overseas fund based exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3954
Overseas non-fund based exposures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3955
Amount of non-performing investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3956
Provision for non-performing investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3957
Credit exposure in three major risk buckets (after risk mitigation subject to the standardised approach) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3958
Fund & Non fund based credit exposure below 100 % risk weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3959
Fund & Non fund based credit exposure 100 % risk weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3960
Fund & Non fund based credit exposure more than 100 % risk weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3961
Fund & Non fund based credit exposure deducted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3962
Fund based credit exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3963
Fund based credit exposure below 100 % risk weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3964
Fund based credit exposure 100 % risk weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3965
Fund based credit exposure more than 100 % risk weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3966
Fund based credit exposure deducted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3967
Non fund based credit exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3968
Non fund based credit exposure below 100 % risk weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3969
Non fund based credit exposure 100 % risk weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3970
Non fund based credit exposure more than 100 % risk weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3971
Non fund based credit exposure deducted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3972
Total exposure that is covered by eligible financial collateral (after the application of haircuts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3973
Fund based exposure that is covered by eligible financial collateral (after the application of haircuts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3974
Non fund based exposure that is covered by eligible financial collateral (after the application of haircuts) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3975
Total outstanding exposures securitised (exposure types) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3976
Securitised vehicle / equipment / auto loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3977
Securitised commercial vehicle loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3978
Securitised two wheeler loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3979
Securitised loan against property (home/housing loans/home equity loans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3980
Securitised personal loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3981
Securitised corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3982
Securitised loans against rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3983
Securitised other loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3984
Amount of impaired/past due assets securitised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3985
Securitised impaired/past vehicle/equipment/auto loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3986
Securitised impaired/past commercial vehicle loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3987

lxxii Table of Contents
Securitised impaired/past two wheeler loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3988

Securitised impaired/past loan against property (home/housing loans/home equity loans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3989
Securitised impaired/past personal loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3990
Securitised impaired/past corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3991
Securitised impaired/past loans against rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3992
Securitised impaired/past other loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3993
Securitisation Losses by exposure type - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3994
Securitisation losses of vehicle/equipment/auto loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3995
Securitisation losses of commercial vehicle loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3996
Securitisation losses of two wheeler loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3997
Securitisation losses of loan against property (home/housing loans/home equity loans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3998
Securitisation losses of personal loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3999
Securitisation losses of corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4000
Securitisation losses of loans against rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4001
Securitisation losses of other loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4002
Amount of securitisation exposures retained or purchased by exposure type - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4003
Retained/purchased securitised vehicle / equipment / auto loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4004
Retained/purchased securitised commercial vehicle loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4005
Retained/purchased securitised two wheeler loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4006
Retained/purchased securitised loan against property (home/housing loans/home equity loans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4007
Retained/purchased securitised personal loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4008
Retained/purchased securitised corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4009
Retained/purchased securitised loans against rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4010
Retained/purchased securitised other loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4011
Securitisation exposure (retained or purchased) with risk weight less than 100% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4012
Securitisation exposure (retained or purchased) with risk weight equal to 100% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4013
Securitisation exposure (retained or purchased) with risk weight more than 100% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4014
Securitisation exposure deducted entirely from Tier I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4015
Securitised vehicle / equipment / auto loans deducted entirely from Tier I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4016
Securitised commercial vehicle loans deducted entirely from Tier I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4017
Securitised two wheeler loans deducted entirely from Tier I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4018
Securitised loan against property (home/housing loans/home equity loans) deducted entirely from Tier I . . . . . . . . . . . . 4019
Securitised personal loans deducted entirely from Tier I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4020
Corporate loans deducted entirely from Tier I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4021
Securitised loans against rent receivables deducted entirely from Tier I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4022
Securitised other loans deducted entirely from Tier I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4023
Credit enhancement (interest only) of securitisation exposure deducted from total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4024
Vehicle / equipment / auto loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4025
Commercial vehicle loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4026
Two wheeler loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4027
Loan against property (home/housing loans/home equity loans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4028
Personal loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4029
Corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4030
Loans against rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4031
Other loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4032
Other securitisation exposure deducted from total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4033
Securitised vehicle / equipment / auto loans exposure deducted from total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4034
Securitised commercial vehicle loans exposure deducted from total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4035
Securitised two wheeler loans exposure deducted from total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4036
Securitised loan against property (home/housing loans/home equity loans) exposure deducted from total capital . . . . . . . . 4037
Securitised personal loans exposure deducted from total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4038
Securitised corporate loans exposure deducted from total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4039
Securitised loans against rent receivables exposure deducted from total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4040
Securitised other loans exposure deducted from total capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4041
Total number of loan assets securitised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4042
Number of securitised vehicle / equipment / auto loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4043
Number of securitised commercial vehicle loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4044

Table of Contents lxxiii
Number of securitised two wheeler loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4045

Number of securitised loan against property (home/housing loans/home equity loans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4046
Number of securitised personal loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4047
Number of securitised corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4048
Number of securitised loans against rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4049
Number of securitised others loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4050
Book value of loan assets securitised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4051
Book value of securitised vehicle / equipment / auto loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4052
Book value of securitised commercial vehicle loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4053
Book value of securitised two wheeler loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4054
Book value of securitised loan against property (home/housing loans/home equity loans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4055
Book value of securitised personal loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4056
Book value of securitised corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4057
Book value of securitised loans against rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4058
Book value of securitised others loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4059
Sale consideration received for securitised assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4060
Sale consideration from securitisation of vehicle / equipment / auto loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4061
Sale consideration from securitisation of commercial vehicle loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4062
Sale consideration from securitisation of two wheeler loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4063
Sale consideration from securitisation of loan against property (home/housing loans/home equity loans) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4064
Sale consideration from securitisation of personal loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4065
Sale consideration from securitisation of corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4066
Sale consideration from securitisation of loans against rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4067
Sale consideration from securitisation of other loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4068
Net gain/(loss) on account of securitised assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4069
Net gain/loss from securitisation of vehicle / equipment / auto loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4070
Net gain/loss from securitisation of commercial vehicle loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4071
Net gain/loss from securitisation of two wheeler loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4072
Net gain/loss from securitisation of loan against property (home/housing loans/home equity loans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4073
Net gain/loss from securitisation of personal loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4074
Net gain/loss from securitisation of corporate loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4075
Net gain/loss from securitisation of loans against rent receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4076
Net gain/loss from securitisation of other loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4077
Total value of services provided on securitisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4078
Total outstanding credit enhancement provided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4079
Funded credit enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4080
Non-funded credit enhancement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4081
Total outstanding liquidity support provided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4082
Net outstanding servicing asset / liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4083
Total value of other services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4084
Capital requirements for market risk in trading book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4085
Capital requirements for interest rate risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4086
Capital requirements for equity position risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4087
Capital requirements for foreign exchange (including gold) risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4088
Capital required for operational risk as per Basic Indicator Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4089
Earnings at risk due to change in interest rate (impact on net interest income) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4090
Due to decline in interest rate by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4090
Earnings risk due to interest rate decline by 25 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4090
Earnings risk due to interest rate decline by 100 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4093
Earnings risk due to interest rate decline by 200 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4094
Due to increase in interest rate by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4095
Earnings risk due to interest rate increase by 25 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4095
Earnings risk due to interest rate increase by 100 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4098

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Earnings risk due to interest rate increase by 200 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4099

Impact on economic/ market value of equity due to change in interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4100
Due to decline in interest rate by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4100
Impact on equity value due to interest rate decline by 25 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4100
Impact on equity value due to interest rate decline by 100 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4103
Impact on equity value due to interest rate decline by 200 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4104
Due to increase in interest rate by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4105
Impact on equity value due to interest rate increase by 25 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4105
Impact on equity value due to interest rate increase by 100 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4108
Impact on equity value due to interest rate increase by 200 bps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4109
Disclosures for housing finance and NBFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4110
Disclosure of housing finance companies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4110
Housing finance companies total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4110
Housing finance companies standard assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4111
Housing loans (standard assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4112
Other than housing loans (standard assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4113
Housing finance companies sub-standard assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4114
Housing loans (sub-standard assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4115
Other than housing loans (sub-standard assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4116
Housing finance companies doubtful assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4117
Housing loans (doubtful assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4118
Other than housing loans (doubtful assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4119
Housing finance companies loss assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4120
Housing loans (loss assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4121
Other than housing loans (loss assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4122
Housing finance companies total investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4123
Housing finance companies investment in shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4124
Housing finance companies investment in mutual fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4125
Housing finance companies investment in debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4126
Housing finance companies investment in other assets/receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4127
Housing finance companies total provision for contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4128
Housing finance companies provision for contingent standard assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4129
Housing finance companies provision for contingent standard assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4130
Other than housing loans (provision for contingent standard assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4131
Housing finance companies provision for contingent sub-standard assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4132
Housing finance companies provision for contingent sub-standard assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4133
Other than housing loans (provision for contingent sub-standard assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4134
Housing finance companies provision for contingent doubtful assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4135
Housing finance companies provision for contingent doubtful assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4136
Other than housing loans (provision for contingent doubtful assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4137
Housing finance companies provision for contingent loss assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4138
Housing finance companies provision for contingent loss assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4139
Other than housing loans (provision for contingent loss assets) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4140
Housing finance companies provision for contingent investment in shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4141
Housing finance companies provision for contingent investment in mutual fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4142
Housing finance companies provision for contingent investment in debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4143
Housing finance companies provision for contingent investment in other assets/receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4144
Housing finance companies borrowings from nhb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4145
Disclosure of housing finance & ND SI NBFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4146
Capital to risk (weighted) asset ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4146
Total risk weighted assets and contingencies of NBFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4146
CRAR (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4147
CRAR - Tier 1 capital (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4148

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CRAR - Tier 2 capital (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4149

Of which: Housing companies capital adequacy ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4150
CRAR - Total capital(amount) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4151
CRAR - Tier 1 capital (amount) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4152
CRAR - Tier 2 capital (amount) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4153
Subordinated debt raised as Tier-II capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4154
Issue of Perpetual Debt Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4155
% of perpetual debt to Tier I capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4156
Real estate exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4157
Direct exposure to real estate sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4158
Residential mortgages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4159
Commercial real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4160
Investment in mortage backed securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4161
Indirect exposure to real estate sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4162
Information requirement of paragraph 9bb of NBFC prudential norms (RBI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4163
Loans & advances availed by nbfc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4163
Debentures (secured) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4164
Debentures (unsecured) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4165
Deferred credits (as per nbfc norms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4166
Term loans (as per nbfc norms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4167
Inter-corporate loans & borrowings (as per nbfc norms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4168
Commercial paper (as per nbfc norms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4169
Public deposits (as per nbfc norms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4170
Other loans (as per nbfc norms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4171
Bank borrowings (as per nbfc norms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4172
Other borrowings (as per nbfc norms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4173
Break-up of public deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4174
Public deposits in the form of unsecured debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4175
Public deposits in the form of partly unsecured debentures (i.e. debenture where, there is shortfall of security) . . . . . . . 4176
Other public deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4177
Break-up of loans & advances including bills receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4178
Secured loans & advances incl. bills receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4179
Unsecured loans & advances incl. bills receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4180
Break-up of leased assets & stock on hire & hypothecation loans counting towards hp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4181
Lease assets including lease rentals under sundry debtors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4182
Finance lease assets including lease rentals under sundry debtors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4183
Operating lease assets including lease rentals under sundry debtors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4184
Net stock on hire including hire charges under sundry debtors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4185
Assets on hire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4186
Assets repossessed by NBFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4187
Hypothecation loans counting hp/el activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4188
Loans where assets have been repossessed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4189
Other than loans where assets have been repossessed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4190
Break-up of investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4191
Current investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4192
Quoted current investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4193
Current investment in quoted shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4194
Current investment in quoted equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4195
Current investment in quoted preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4196
Current investment in quoted debentures & bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4197
Current investment in quoted units of mutual funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4198
Current investment in quoted government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4199
Other quoted current investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4200
Un-quoted current investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4201
Current investment in un-quoted shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4202
Current investment in un-quoted equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4203
Current investment in un-quoted preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4204

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Current investment in un-quoted debenture & bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4205

Current investment in un-quoted units of mutual funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4206
Current investment in un-quoted government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4207
Other un-quoted current investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4208
Long term investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4209
Quoted long term investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4210
Long term investment in quoted shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4211
Long term investment in quoted equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4212
Long term investment in quoted preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4213
Long term investment in quoted debentures & bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4214
Long term investment in quoted units of mutual funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4215
Long term investment in quoted government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4216
Other quoted long term investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4217
Un-quoted long term investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4218
Long term investment in un-quoted shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4219
Long term investment in un-quoted equity shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4220
Long term investment in un-quoted preference shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4221
Long term investment in un-quoted debenture & bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4222
Long term investment in un-quoted units of mutual funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4223
Long term investment in un-quoted government securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4224
Other un-quoted Long term investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4225
Borrower group-wise classification of all leased assets, stock on hire and loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4226
Borrowing by related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4227
Borrowing by subsidiaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4228
Borrowing by companies in the same group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4229
Borrowing by other related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4230
Borrowing by other than related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4231
Investor group-wise classification of all investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4232
Investments by related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4233
Investments by subsidiaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4234
Investments by companies in the same group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4235
Investments by other related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4236
Investments by other than related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4237
Other information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4238
Gross non-performing assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4238
Gross npas with related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4239
Gross npas with other than related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4240
Net non-performing assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4241
Net npas with related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4242
Net npas with other than related parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4243
Assets acquired during the year (debt security) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4244
Asset Liability Management/Maturity pattern of Banks & NBFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4245
Asset Liability Management/Maturity pattern of Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4245
Deposits: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4245
Deposits: 1-14 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4246
Deposits: 1 day / next day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4247
Deposits: 2-7 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4248
Deposits: 8-14 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4249
Deposits: 15-28 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4250
Deposits: 29 days to 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4251
Deposits: 15-30 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4252
Deposits: 31 days to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4253
Deposits: Over 2 months upto 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4254
Deposits: Over 3 months upto 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4255
Deposits: 6 months & above but less than 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4256
Deposits: Over one year to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4257
Deposits: 3 years & above but less than 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4258

Table of Contents lxxvii
Deposits: 5 years & above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4259

Borrowings: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4260
Borrowings: 1-14 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4261
Borrowings: 1 day / next day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4262
Borrowings: 2-7 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4263
Borrowings: 8-14 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4264
Borrowings: 15-28 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4265
Borrowings: 29 days to 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4266
Borrowings: 15-30 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4267
Borrowings: 31 days to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4268
Borrowings: Over 2 months upto 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4269
Borrowings: Over 3 months upto 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4270
Borrowings: 6 months & above but less than 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4271
Borrowings: Over one year to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4272
Borrowings: 3 years & above but less than 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4273
Borrowings: 5 years & above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4274
Loan advances: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4275
Loan advances: 1-14 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4276
Loan advances: 1 day / next day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4277
Loan advances: 2-7 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4278
Loan advances: 8-14 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4279
Loan advances: 29 days to 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4281
Loan advances: 31 days to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4283
Loan advances: Over 2 months upto 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4284
Loan advances: Over 3 months upto 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4285
Loan advances: 6 months & above but less than 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4286
Loan advances: Over one year to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4287
Loan advances: 3 years & above but less than 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4288
Loan advances: 5 years & above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4289
Investment at BV: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4290
Investment at BV: 1-14 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4291
Investment at BV: 1 day / next day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4292
Investment at BV: 2-7 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4293
Investment at BV: 29 days to 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4296
Investment at BV: 31 days to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4298
Investment at BV: Over 2 months upto 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4299
Investment at BV: Over 3 months upto 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4300
Investment at BV: 6 months & above but less than 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4301
Investment at BV: Over one year to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4302
Investment at BV: 3 years & above but less than 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4303
Investment at BV: 5 years & above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4304
Foreign currency assets: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4305
Foreign currency assets: 1-14 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4306
Foreign currency assets: 1 day / next day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4307
Foreign currency assets: 8-14 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4309
Foreign currency assets: 29 days to 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4311
Foreign currency assets: 31 days to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4313
Foreign currency assets: Over 2 months upto 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4314
Foreign currency assets: Over 3 months upto 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4315

lxxviii Table of Contents
Foreign currency assets: 6 months & above but less than 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4316
Foreign currency assets: Over one year to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4317
Foreign currency assets: 3 years & above but less than 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4318
Foreign currency assets: 5 years & above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4319
Foreign currency liabilities: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4320
Foreign currency liabilities: 1-14 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4321
Foreign currency liabilities: 1 day / next day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4322
Foreign currency liabilities: 2-7 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4323
Foreign currency liabilities: 29 days to 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4326
Foreign currency liabilities: 31 days to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4328
Foreign currency liabilities: Over 2 months upto 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4329
Foreign currency liabilities: Over 3 months upto 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4330
Foreign currency liabilities: 6 months & above but less than 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4331
Foreign currency liabilities: Over one year to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4332
Foreign currency liabilities: 3 years & above but less than 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4333
Foreign currency liabilities: 5 years & above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4334
Asset Liability Management/Maturity pattern of NBFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4335
Deposits accepted: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4335
Deposits accepted: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4336
Deposits accepted: 1 to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4337
Deposits accepted: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4340
Deposits accepted: 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4341
Deposits accepted: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4342
Deposits accepted: 5 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4343
Deposits accepted: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4344
Deposits accepted: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4345
Deposits accepted: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4346
Borrowings: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4347
Borrowings: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4348
Borrowings: 1 to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4349
Borrowings: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4352
Borrowings: 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4353
Borrowings: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4354
Borrowings: 5 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4355
Borrowings: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4356
Borrowings: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4357
Borrowings: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4358
Market borrowings: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4359
Market borrowings: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4360
Market borrowings: 1 to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4361
Market borrowings: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4364
Market borrowings: 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4365
Market borrowings: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4366
Market borrowings: 5 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4367
Market borrowings: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4368
Market Borrowings: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4369
Market Borrowings: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4370
Borrowings from bank: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4371

Table of Contents lxxix
Borrowings from bank: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4372

Borrowings from bank: 1 to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4373
Borrowings from bank: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4376
Borrowings from bank: 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4377
Borrowings from bank: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4378
Borrowings from bank: 5 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4379
Borrowings from bank: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4380
Borrowings from bank: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4381
Borrowings from bank: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4382
Foreign currency liabilities: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4383
Foreign currency liabilities: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4384
Foreign currency liabilities: 1 to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4385
Foreign currency liabilities: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4388
Foreign currency liabilities: 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4389
Foreign currency liabilities: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4390
Foreign currency liabilities: 5 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4391
Foreign currency liabilities: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4392
Foreign currency liabilities: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4393
Foreign currency liabilities: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4394
Other liabilities: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4395
Other liabilities: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4396
Other liabilities: 1 to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4397
Other liabilities: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4400
Other liabilities: 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4401
Other liabilities: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4402
Other liabilities: 5 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4403
Other liabilities: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4404
Other liabilities: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4405
Other liabilities: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4406
Liabilities: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4407
Liabilities: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4408
Liabilities: 1 to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4409
Liabilities: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4412
Liabilities: 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4413
Liabilities: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4414
Liabilities: 5 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4415
Liabilities: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4416
Liabilities: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4417
Liabilities: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4418
Deposits Placed: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4419
Deposits Placed: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4420
Deposits Placed: 1 to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4421
Deposits Placed: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4424
Deposits Placed: 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4425
Deposits Placed: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4426
Deposits Placed: 5 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4427
Deposits Placed: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4428

lxxx Table of Contents
Deposits Placed: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4429

Deposits Placed: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4430
Loan advances: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4431
Loan advances: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4432
Loan advances: 1-2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4433
Loan advances: 2-3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4434
Loan advances: 3 to 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4435
Loan advances: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4436
Loan advances: Over one year to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4437
Loan advances: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4438
Loan advances: 5 years & above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4439
Loan advances: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4440
Loan advances: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4441
Loan advances: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4442
Investment at BV: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4443
Investment at BV: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4444
Investment at BV: 1-2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4445
Investment at BV: 2-3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4446
Investment at BV: 3 to 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4447
Investment at BV: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4448
Investment at BV: Over one year to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4449
Investment at BV: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4450
Investment at BV: 5 years & above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4451
Investment at BV: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4452
Investment at BV: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4453
Investment at BV: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4454
Foreign currency assets: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4455
Foreign currency assets: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4456
Foreign currency assets: 1 to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4457
Foreign currency assets: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4460
Foreign currency assets: 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4461
Foreign currency assets: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4462
Foreign currency assets: 5 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4463
Foreign currency assets: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4464
Foreign currency assets: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4465
Foreign currency assets: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4466
Other assets: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4467
Other assets: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4468
Other assets: 1 to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4469
Other assets: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4472
Other assets: 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4473
Other assets: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4474
Other assets: 5 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4475
Other assets: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4476
Other assets: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4477
Other assets: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4478
Assets: Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4479
Assets: upto 1 month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4480
Assets: 1 to 2 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4481
Assets: 2 to 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4482
Assets: 3 to 6 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4483
Assets: 6 months to 1 year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4484
Assets: 1 to 3 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4485

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Assets: 3 to 5 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4486

Assets: 5 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4487
Assets: 5 to 7 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4488
Assets: 7 to 10 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4489
Assets: 10 years and above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4490
Miscellaneous Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4491
AR signed date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4491
Dividend rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4492
Main product/service code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4493
Product group name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4494
Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4495
16 Industry-wise Distribution Basel II (Pilar 3) 4497

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4500
Reported industry name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4501
Total exposure as % of All Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4502
Fund based exposure as % of All Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4503
Non-fund based exposure as % of All Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4504
Total exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4505
Standard assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4506
Non-performing assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4507
Fund based exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4508
Fund based standard assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4509
Fund based non-performing assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4510
Non-fund based exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4511
Non-fund based standard assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4512
Non-fund based non-performing assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4513
17 Investments 4515
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4518
Type of invested security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4519
Security name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4520
Company code of the invested entity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4521
Invested in company name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4522
Seq number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4523
Description of security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4524
Currency of the face value of the inter-corporate investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4525
Face value of inter-corporate investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4526
Number of units invested in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4527
Book value of inter-corporate investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4528
Note on invested security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4529
Maturity date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4530
Interest rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4531
Serial number of inter-corporate investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4532
18 Standalone Interim Quarterly Financial Statements 4533

Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4535
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4536
Months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4538
Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4539
Total income from continuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4540

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Net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4541

Income from operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4542
Interest/discounts on advances/bills (For banks only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4543
Income from investments (For banks only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4544
Interest on deposits with RBI (For banks only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4545
Interest from other sources (For banks only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4546
Export income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4547
Fiscal benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4548
Other income & extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4549
Other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4550
Forex gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4551
Profit on sale of investment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4552
Carbon credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4553
Extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4554
Profit on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4555
Tax refund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4556
Provisions written back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4557
Miscellaneous extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4558
Other material / exceptional income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4559
Income from discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4560
Addendum indicators of income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4561
Gross sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4561
Indirect taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4562
Derived indicators of income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4563
Total income including income from discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4563
Total income net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4564
Sales and other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4565
Other income and deferred tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4566
Other income as % of total income net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4567
Export income as % of net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4568
Change in stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4569
Excise duty on change in stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4570
Derived indicators of change in stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4571
Change in stocks / (net sales - pbit net of p,e&oi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4571
Total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4572
Raw materials, stocks, spares, purchase of finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4573
Raw materials, stores & spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4574
Purchase of finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4575
Salaries and wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4576
Voluntary retirement scheme expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4577
Total other expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4578
Power and fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4579
Royalties, technical know-how fees etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4580
Rent and lease rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4581
Lease rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4582
Rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4583
Advertising expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4584
Marketing expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4585
Outward freight and other distribution expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4586
Travel expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4587
Loss on sale of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4588
Network cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4589
Regulatory charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4590
Access charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4591
Other expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4592
Forex loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4593
Extra-ordinary expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4594

Table of Contents lxxxiii
Impaired assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4595

Loss on sale of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4596
Miscellaneous extraordinary expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4597
Other material / exceptional expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4598
Interest expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4599
Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4600
Provisions and contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4601
Total tax provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4602
Corporate tax/direct taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4603
Fringe benefit tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4604
MAT credit utilised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4605
MAT credit created . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4606
Deferred taxes debit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4607
Deferred taxes credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4608
Other provisions and contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4609
Addendum indicators of expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4610
Expenses incurred on discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4610
Derived indicators of expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4611
Expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4611
Operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4612
Operating expenses of banking cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4613
Total expense including expense incurred on discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4614
Total expenses net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4615
Total expenses and change in stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4616
Total expenses net of tax and provisions & contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4617
Other operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4618
Other expenses(incl other provisions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4619
Total other expenses & other provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4620
Extraordinary items (net of tax exp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4621
Costs as (%) of net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4622
Operating expenses to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4622
Raw materials, stores, spares, purchase of finished goods to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4623
Raw materials, stores & spares to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4624
Purchase of finished goods to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4625
Salaries and wages to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4626
Total other expenses to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4627
Power & fuel to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4628
Royalties, technical know-how fees, etc. to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4629
Rent & lease rent to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4630
Advertising expenses to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4631
Marketing expenses to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4632
Outward freight/other distribution expenses to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4633
Travel expenses to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4634
Network cost to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4635
Access charges to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4636
Regulatory charges like license, spectrum etc. to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4637
Loss on sale of investments to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4638
Other expenses to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4639
Extra-ordinary expenses to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4640
Interest expenses to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4641
Depreciation to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4642
Provisions and contingencies to net sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4643
Costs as (%) of total expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4644
Operating expenses to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4644
Raw materials, stores, spares, purchase of finished goods to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4645
Raw materials, stores & spares to total expenses (%) to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4646
Purchase of finished goods to total expenses (%) to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4647

lxxxiv Table of Contents
Salaries and wages to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4648

Total other expenses to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4649
Power & fuel to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4650
Royalties, technical know-how fees, etc. to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4651
Rent & lease rent to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4652
Advertising expenses to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4653
Marketing expenses to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4654
Outward freight/other distribution expenses to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4655
Travel expenses to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4656
Network cost to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4657
Access charges to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4658
Regulatory charges like license, spectrum etc. to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4659
Loss on sale of investments to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4660
Other expenses to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4661
Extra-ordinary expenses to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4662
Interest expenses to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4663
Depreciation to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4664
Provisions and contingencies to total expenses (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4665
Net Profit/(Loss) for the period from continuing operations (after tax) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4666
Profit / (Loss) from discontinued operations (after tax) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4667
Income from discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4668
Expenses incurred on discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4669
Tax expense of discontinued operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4670
Profit/(Loss) on disposal of discontinued operations (after tax) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4671
Net Profit / Net Profit after share of profit/loss of associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4672
Addendum indicators of profits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4673
Reported Profit after tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4673
Derived indicators of profits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4674
Profit and loss from ordinary activities before tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4674
PBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4675
PBP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4676
PBPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4677
PBDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4678
PBDIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4679
PAT net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4680
PBT net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4681
PBIT net of P,E & OI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4682
PBIT net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4683
PBPT net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4684
PBDT net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4685
PBDIT net of P&E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4686
PBPT net of P, E & OI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4687
PAT net of P, E & OI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4688
PBDIT net of P, E & OI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4689
Operating profit before provisions and contingencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4690
Profitability ratios (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4691
PAT as % of total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4691
PBT as % of total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4692
PBPT as % of total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4693
PBDIT as % of total income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4694
PBDIT net of P&E as % of net sales & other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4695
PAT net of P&E as % of net sales & other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4696
PBT net of P&E as % of net sales & other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4697
PBPT net of P&E as % of net sales & other income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4698
PBDIT net of P, E & OI as % of net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4699
PBPT net of P, E & OI as % of net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4700
PAT as % of net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4701

Table of Contents lxxxv
PBT net of P, E & OI as % of net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4702

PBPT as % of net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4703
PBIT net of P&E / interest expense (times) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4704
Tax as % of PBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4705
Other income as % of PBPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4706
Extra ordinary income as % of PBPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4707
Tax as % of PBDIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4708
Interest expense as % of PBDIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4709
Depreciation as % of PBDIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4710
PAT as % of PBDIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4711
Miscellaneous indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4712
Paid up capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4712
Reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4713
Earnings per share before extraordinary item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4714
Diluted earnings per share before extraordinary item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4715
Earnings per share after extraordinary items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4716
Diluted earnings per share after extraordinary item . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4717
Dividend rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4718
Dividend type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4719
Number of non-promoter shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4720
Non-promoter shares as % of total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4721
Percentage of shares held by Govt. Of India (for banks only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4722
Main activity code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4723
Product group name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4724
Increase (+)/Decrease (-) in Profit due to chg in accounting policies / AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4725
Increase in profit due to change in accounting policy of Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4726
Decrease in profit due to change in accounting policy of Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4727
Increase in profit due to change in accounting policy of Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4728
Decrease in profit due to change in accounting policy of Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4729
Increase in profit due to change in accounting policy of Income recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4730
Decrease in profit due to change in accounting policy of Income recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4731
Increase in profit due to change in accounting policy of Expenses recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4732
Decrease in profit due to change in accounting policy of Expenses recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4733
Increase in profit due to change in accounting policy of Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4734
Decrease in profit due to change in accounting policy of Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4735
Increase in profit due to change in accounting policy others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4736
Decrease in profit due to change in accounting policy others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4737
Increase in profit due to change in AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4738
Decrease in profit due to change in AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4739
Date signed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4740
Merged info (Y/N) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4741
Exclude from aggregates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4742
Liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4743
Shareholders funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4743
Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4744
Paid up equity capital (net of forfeited equity capital) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4745
Paid up forfeited equity capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4746
Paid up preference capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4747
Capital contribution and suspense application money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4748
Capital convertible warrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4749
Reserves and surplus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4750
Capital, debt, investments and other reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4751
Revaluation reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4752
ESOP reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4753
General reserves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4754
Reserves: balance from p&l account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4755
Reserves: accumulated losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4756

lxxxvi Table of Contents
Share application & suspense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4757

Deposits raised by commercial banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4758
Demand deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4759
Saving deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4760
Term deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4761
Borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4762
Long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4763
Short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4764
Secured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4765
Unsecured borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4766
Bank borrowings with RBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4767
Other long term liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4768
Current liabilities and provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4769
Current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4770
Sundry creditors and acceptances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4771
Deposits and advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4772
Interest accrued but not due . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4773
Share application - oversubscribed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4774
Other current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4775
Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4776
Long term provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4777
Short term provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4778
Deferred tax liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4779
Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4780
Net fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4780
Gross fixed assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4781
Cumulative depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4782
Net pre-operative expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4783
Capital work in progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4784
Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4785
Long term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4786
Short term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4787
Other non-current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4788
Current assets & loans and advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4789
Current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4790
Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4791
Sundry debtors and bills receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4792
Cash and bank balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4793
Other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4794
Loans and advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4795
Long term loans and advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4796
Short term loans and advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4797
Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4798
Deferred tax asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4799
Misc. expenses not written off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4800
Statutory Disclosures by Banks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4801
Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4801
Term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4802
Demand deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4803
Current account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4804
Saving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4805
Advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4806
Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4807
Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4808
Retail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4809
No. of accounts at the end of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4810
Savings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4811

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Current account (Nos) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4812

Term (Nos) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4813
Sectoral NNPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4814
Agri & Allied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4815
Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4816
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4817
Personal Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4818
Classification of NPAs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4819
Gross NPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4819
Sub Standard (Gross NPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4820
Doubtful (Gross NPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4821
Loss (Gross NPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4822
Gross NPA as % of advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4823
Net NPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4824
Sub Standard (Net NPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4825
Doubtful (Net NPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4826
Loss (Net NPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4827
Net NPA as % of advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4828
Restructured advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4829
Opening Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4829
Addition during the quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4830
Slippages during the quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4831
Closing balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4832
Total Capital (BASEL-II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4833
Total Capital (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4833
Total Capital (amount) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4834
Total Capital I (BASEL-II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4835
Total Capital I (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4835
Total Capital I (amount) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4836
Total Capital II (BASEL-II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4837
Total Capital II (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4837
Total Capital II (amount) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4838
Total Capital (Basel-III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4839
Total Capital (%) (Basel-III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4839
Total Capital (amount) (Basel-III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4840
Tier I Capital (Basel-III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4841
Tier I Capital (%) (Basel-III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4841
Tier I Capital (amount) (Basel-III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4842
Tier II Capital (Basel-III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4843
Tier II Capital (%) (Basel-III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4843
Tier II Capital (amount) (Basel-III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4844
Annualised return on assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4845
Net current assets & loans and advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4846
Cost of deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4847
Cost of fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4848
Yield on Advances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4849
Net Interest Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4850
Investment(SLR-Non-SLR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4851
Risk Weighted Assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4852
Risk Weighted Assets (Basel-III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4853
Borrowings (for banks only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4854
Return on equity (ROE) / Return on Networth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4855
Return on assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4856
Provision coverage rate as per . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4857
Yield on Investments (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4858
Yield on funds (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4859
Sanctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4860

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Disbursements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4861
Total outstanding AUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4862
Status of Investor’s Complaints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4863
Investor complaint outstanding at the beginning of the period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4863
Investor complaint received during the quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4864
Investor complaint settled during the quarter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4865
Investor complaint outstanding at the end of the period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4866
19 Credit Ratings 4867

Credit rating agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4870
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4871
Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4872
Instrument name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4873
Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4874
Rating serial number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4875
Security amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4876
Rating status code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4877
Rating status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4878
Grade definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4879
20 BSE & NSE Stocks Trading Data 4881

Company Trading Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4884
BSE opening price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4885
BSE high price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4886
BSE low price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4887
BSE closing price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4888
BSE ex-date flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4889
BSE returns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4890
BSE traded quantity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4891
BSE turnover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4892
BSE number of transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4893
BSE weighted average price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4894
BSE shares deliverable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4895
BSE shares deliverable in value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4896
BSE market capitalisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4897
BSE P/E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4898
BSE P/B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4899
NSE opening price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4900
NSE high price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4901
NSE low price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4902
NSE closing price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4903
NSE ex-date flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4904
NSE returns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4905
NSE traded quantity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4906
NSE turnover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4907
NSE number of transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4908
NSE weighted average price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4909
NSE shares deliverable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4910
NSE market capitalisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4911
NSE P/E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4912
NSE P/B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4913
Shares outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4914
Face value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4915

Table of Contents lxxxix
EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4916
Consolidated EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4917
CEPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4918
Consolidated CEPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4919
Book value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4920
21 Dividend Declarations 4921

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4924
Dividend type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4925
Dividend rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4926
Dividend per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4927
Dividend record date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4928
BSE ex-dividend date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4929
NSE ex-dividend date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4930
22 Adjustment Factors 4931

Stock exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4934
Adjustment factor date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4935
Adjustment factor type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4936
Adjustment factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4938
23 NSE Debt Trading Data 4939

ISIN code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4942
Trading date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4943
Trade type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4944
Number of trades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4945
Value of all trades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4946
Low price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4947
High price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4948
Closing price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4949
Yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4950
Clean price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4951
Weighted average price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4952
Weighted yield to maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4953
Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4954
24 Sensitivity of Returns (alpha, beta) 4955

Regression start date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4958
Regression end date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4959
Number of observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4960
Beta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4961
Std error of beta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4962
Alpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4963
Std error of alpha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4964
R-squared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4965
Std error of r-squared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4966
Correlation coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4967
25 Changes in Capital 4969


xc Table of Contents

Issue date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4972
Issue type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4973
Security type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4974
Security name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4975
Issue sequence number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4976
Conversion ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4977
Initial public offering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4978
Final total share outstanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4979
Securities converted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4980
BSE ex date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4981
NSE ex date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4982
Record date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4983
Issue closing date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4984
Security Amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4985
Face value of share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4986
Premium per equity share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4987
Conversion ratio numerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4988
Conversion ratio denominator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4989
Additional paid-up capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4990
Increased paid-up capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4991
Warrants per security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4992
Shares per warrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4993
Warrant conversion price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4994
Number of securities converted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4995
Capital issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4996
Additional securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4997
ISIN code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4998
Tenure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4999
Tenure unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5000
Date of announcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5001
Green shoe option amount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5002
Call and put option flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5003
Frequency of interest payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5004
Actual issue closing date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5005
Outstanding shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5006
Maturity date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5007
26 Standalone Interim Quarterly Segment Financial Statements 5009

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5013
Segment name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5014
Segment type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5015
Months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5016
Segment code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5017
Segment-wise revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5019
Inter segment sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5020
Segment-wise excise duty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5021
Segment-wise PBIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5022
Segment-wise interest expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5023
Net unallocable income / expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5024
Unallocable income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5025
Unallocable expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5026
Segment-wise net profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5027

Table of Contents xci
Segment-wise capital employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5028

PBIT / Sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5029
PBIT / Capital employed (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5030
Segment-wise assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5031
Unallocable assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5032
Segment-wise liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5033
Unallocable liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5034
27 Consolidated Interim Quarterly Segment Financial Statements 5035

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5038
Segment name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5040
Segment type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5041
Months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5042
Segment code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5043
PBIT / Sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5055
28 Standalone Interim Annual Segment Financial Statements 5061

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5065
Segment name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5066
Segment type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5067
Months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5068
Segment code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5069
PBIT / Sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5081

xcii Table of Contents

29 Consolidated Interim Annual Segment Financial Statements 5087

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5091
Segment name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5092
Segment type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5093
Months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5094
Segment code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5095
PBIT / Sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5107
30 Standalone Annual Segment Financial Statements 5113

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5117
Segment name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5118
Segment type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5119
Months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5120
Segment code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5121
Segment-wise net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5126
Segment-wise interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5128
Unallocable income / expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5130
Corporate tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5131
Deferred tax expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5132
Net Profit / Net Sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5134
Net Profit / Capital employed (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5135
Net Profit / Total assets (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5136
PBIT / Sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5137

Table of Contents xciii

Segment-wise total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5140
Capital employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5142
Segment-wise capital expenditure incurred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5143
Unallocable capital expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5144
Segment-wise depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5145
Unallocable depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5146
Segment-wise non-cash expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5147
Unallocable non-cash expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5148
PBIT / Total assets (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5150
31 Consolidated Annual Segment Financial Statements 5151

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5155
Segment name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5156
Segment type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5157
Months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5158
Segment code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5159
Segment-wise net sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5164
Segment-wise interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5166
Unallocable income / expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5168
Corporate tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5169
Deferred tax expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5170
Net Profit / Net Sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5172
Net Profit / Capital employed (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5173
Net Profit / Total assets (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5174
PBIT / Sales (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5175
Segment-wise total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5178
Capital employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5180
Segment-wise capital expenditure incurred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5181
Unallocable capital expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5182
Segment-wise depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5183
Unallocable depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5184
Segment-wise non-cash expenditure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5185
Unallocable non-cash expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5186
PBIT / Total assets (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5188
32 Products Produced / Traded 5189

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5192

xciv Table of Contents
Number of months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5193

Product name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5194
Prowess product code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5195
Productwise installed capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5197
Clubbing flag - capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5198
Unit of capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5199
Productwise production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5200
Clubbing flag - production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5201
Unit of production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5202
Productwise purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5203
Clubbing flag - purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5204
Unit of purchase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5205
Value of purchase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5206
Clubbing flag - value of purchase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5207
Productwise opening stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5208
Clubbing flag - opening stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5209
Unit of opening stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5210
Value of opening stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5211
Clubbing flag - value of opening stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5212
Productwise closing stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5213
Clubbing flag - closing stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5214
Unit of closing stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5215
Value of closing stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5216
Clubbing flag - value of closing stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5217
Productwise sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5218
Clubbing flag - sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5219
Unit of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5220
Value of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5221
Clubbing flag - value of sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5222
33 Raw Materials Consumed 5223

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5226
Number of months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5227
Raw material name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5228
Raw material code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5229
Quantity of raw materials consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5231
Clubbing flag - raw materials consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5232
Unit of raw materials consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5233
Value of raw materials consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5234
Clubbing flag - value of raw materials consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5235
34 Energy Consumption 5237

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5240
Type of energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5241
Energy consumed product code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5242
Quantity of total energy consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5244
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5245
Value of energy consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5246
Rate per unit of energy consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5247
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5248

Table of Contents xcv
35 Product-wise Energy Consumption 5249

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5252
Product name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5253
Product code for product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5254
Type of energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5256
Product code for energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5257
Quantity of energy consumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5259
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5260
36 Merger and Acquisition 5261

Type of deal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5264
Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5265
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5266
Target company name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5267
Acquirer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5268
Name of asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5269
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5270
Deal product code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5271
Asset product group name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5272
District code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5273
District name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5274
Acquirer owner code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5275
Acquirer ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5276
Acquirer product code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5277
Acquirer product group name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5278
Target owner code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5279
Target ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5280
Target product code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5281
Target product group name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5282
Consideration in kind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5283
Company advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5284
Merger acquisition advisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5285
Merger acquisition merchant banker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5286
Lead manager 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5287
Lead manager 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5288
Registrar name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5289
Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5290
Conditional offer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5291
Modalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5292
Company merchant banker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5293
Cash consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5294
Sawp ratio numerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5295
Swap ratio denominator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5296
Price as per SEBI Norms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5297
Price of the Offer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5298
Cash consideration per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5299
Minimum level of acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5300
Percentage of minimum level of acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5301
Acquirer holding numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5302
Acquirer holding equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5303
Shares proposed to be acquired (nos.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5304

xcvi
Percentage share of total equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5305

Substantial acq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5306
37 Merger and Acquisition Events 5307

Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5310
Type of deal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5311
Date of information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5312
Target company name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5313
Acquirer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5314
Event name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5315
Acquirer ownership code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5316
Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5317
Acquirer product group code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5318
Acquirer product group name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5319
Event date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5320
Acquired from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5321
Shares acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5322
Acquisition price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5323
Percentage of shares acquired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5324
Total consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5325

1
Chapter 1
Identity

2 P ROWESS COMPANY CODE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Prowess company code
Field : co_code
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:
CMIE company code is a numerical code assigned to every company in the CMIE database. This code is unique to
each company. No two companies have the same CMIE company code.
Once alloted, this code is never changed. It is not changed even if the company is merged into another company.
It does not change even if a division of the company is hived off or spun off into a separate company. It does not
change even if the company acquired another company.
The CMIE company code gives a unique identity to the company. It helps in identifying the company across various
tables within the Prowess database. Each table provides a specific kind of information of a company. Information
in any table mapped to a particular company code relates to the company identified by that company. In that sense,
the CMIE company code is an important indicator of the identity of companies. The code can be obtained by using
the identity indicators query trigger in Prowess.
Since the CMIE company code is unique to each company, it would be useful for users to extract the code along
with the company name while dealing with large data sets. It is particularly advisable to do so when a user plans to
take the data outside Prowess into, for example, a spreadsheet for processing or any other use such as comparison
with data obtained from other applications. The CMIE company code comes quite handy while mapping the output
from Prowess with the output from other databases.

P ROWESS COMPANY NAME 3
Table : Identity
Indicator : Prowess company name
Field : company_name
Data Type : Text limited to 80 characters
Unit : Text
Description:
This field stores the name of the company. The name of a company is usually sourced from the Annual Report of
the company. In case the company has changed its name, the annual report would carry the new name and would
also state what the name was earlier.
A company also publicly announces the change in its name. In such cases, based on the official communication
made by the company, the name of the company is immediately changed in the Prowess database. Effectively,
CMIE ensures that the Prowess database is always updated with any change in the name of the company. The
Prowess database stores all the past names of the company.
In certain specific cases, the names of companies in the Prowess database are not exactly the same as in the annual
report or other official documents of the company. These deviations are with respect to the use of abbreviations
and the use of acronyms and they are deliberate and for a purpose.
The deviations in case of abbreviations are called for essentially due to the need for standardisation. This standard-
isation in abbreviations also helps, in some cases, to reduce the length of the names of companies and to impart a
degree of predictability in the names of companies.
For example, standardisation ensures that “Limited” is always abbreviated to “Ltd.” and it also shortens the length
of the name by three characters. Another example is abbreviating “and” to “&”. The other abbreviations are:
As is evident from the table of abbreviations, most of the abbreviations are for words that were used in older
companies. For example, Sahakari Sakhar Karkhanas are mostly old companies. Similarly, the ginning, spinning
and weaving companies are not so explicit in their names as they were a few decades ago.
In fact, in the older days it was fashionable to have elaborate names, such as “Rao Saheb Rekhchand Mohota
Spinning and Weaving Mills Ltd.” It was necessary for us to turn many of these to shorter names to improve
readability.
In contrast to the expansive names in the past, in recent times companies have started shortening their names and
using acronyms. Like “Calcutta Electric Supply Co. Ltd.” became “CESC” and “Dhrangadhra Chemical Works
Ltd.” became “DCW Ltd.”.
There are variations in the way in which acronyms are used. For example, “ACC” is spelt without any spaces or
dots between the letters but, there are dots in “E.I.D.-Parry Ltd.” The dots in the latter reflect a potential problem
– for example, if we remove the dots the acronyms can take the form of common words, unintentionally. For
example, if there were a company called “International Lubricants Ltd.” it would not like to be called “ILL”.
To overcome the poential problems on account of variations in acronyms and to overcome unintentional meanings
of the coined acronyms, CMIE follows a principle of always inserting a blank space between characters of an
acronym. Thus, it is always “A C C Ltd.” or “E I D Parry Ltd.” or “D C W Ltd.”.

4 S HORT NAME
Table : Identity
Indicator : Short name
Field : short_name
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores the short name of the company. The short name is assigned by CMIE. It has a maximum
length of 20 characters. The average length is 17 characters and the median is 19 characters.

MCA’ S CIN CODE 5
Table : Identity
Indicator : MCA’s CIN code
Field : cin_code
Unit : Code
Description:
The CIN code is the alphanumeric code of the Corporate Identity Number (CIN) assigned to companies by the
ministry of corporate affairs (MCA). The code is unique to each company.
The CIN code is a 21 digit code. The first digit stands for listing status. “U” in the first digit means unlisted and “L”
means listed. The next five digits stand for the NIC industry code. The next two digits i.e. the seventh and eighth
digits together show the state code. For example, “MH” would mean Maharashtra. The following four digits stand
for the calendar year of incorporation. The three digits thereafter stand for ownership. For example, PLC would
mean public limited company and PTC would mean private limited company. The last six of the 21 digits indicate
the ROC registration.
The MCA’s CIN is available only for entities that are registered with the Registrar of Companies. But obviously,
other business entities such as cooperatives, statutory bodies and administrative departments which are not regis-
tered with the MCA do not have a Corporate Identity Number (CIN).

6 ISIN CODE
Table : Identity
Indicator : ISIN code
Field : isin_code_equity
Unit : Code
Description:
This field stores the ISIN code for the equity instruments of listed Prowess companies.
ISIN stands for International Securities Identification number. An ISIN number uniquely identifies a security. Each
security issued bears a unique ISIN issued by the International Standards Organisation (ISO). Since an equity share
is a security, each equity issue of a company bears a unique ISIN. In India the task of assigning the ISIN has been
assigned by the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to the National Securities Depository Ltd. (NSDL).
Only in case of government securities, the ISINs are alloted by the Reserve Bank of India.
The ISIN is made up of twelve digits. It has a two digit country code, a nine digit alphanumeric basic number and
a check digit.
Different ISIN numbers are alloted to securities issued by the same company if those securities are issued at
different times or carry different rights or different terms and conditions.
Examples of ISIN numbers of securities of companies in Prowess are as follows:
20 Microns Ltd. IN E 144J 01 01 9, 20Th Century Engineering Ltd. IN E 091 F 01 01 0, A B C India Ltd. IN E
125 D 01 01 1, A B Hotels Ltd. IN E 263 H 01 01 1, Radico Khaitan Ltd. IN E 944F 01 02 8
The first two digits stand for the country. IN means India. The third digit stands for issuer type. E as issuer type
stands for company. From the fourth to the seventh digits represent the company identity. The first three of these
are numeric and the fourth is an alphabet. The eighth and the ninth character represent the security type. 01 in
security type means equity. The tenth and the eleventh characters are serially issued for each security of issuer
entering the system. For example, Radico Khaitan sub-divided its shares from Rs.10 each to Rs.2 each. Its ISIN
number changed from INE944F01020 for Radico Khaitan but not INE944F01020.
Physical shares and dematerialised shares of the same company will have different ISINs. Similarly, fully paid up
and partly paid up shares of the same company will have different ISINs.

S TATE CODE 7
Table : Identity
Indicator : State code
Field : state_code
Unit : Code
Description:
This data field stores the code of the state in which the branch of the Registrar of Companies is located. The code
forms a two digit prefix of the ROC (Registrar of Companies) registration number of companies.
For example, the ROC registration code of 20th Century Engineering Ltd. is 55-18942. The prefix "55" stands for
the state code of the branch of the ROC where the company is registered.
The following is the list of state codes and the name of the states that they represent:-
• 01 - Andhra Pradesh
• 02 - Assam
• 03 - Bihar
• 04 - Gujarat
• 05 - Haryana
• 06 - Himachal Pradesh
• 07 - Jammu & Kashmir
• 08 - Karnataka
• 09 - Kerala
• 10 - Madhya Pradesh
• 11 - Maharashtra
• 12 - Manipur
• 13 - Meghalaya
• 14 - Nagaland
• 15 - Orissa
• 16 - Punjab
• 17 - Rajasthan
• 18 - Tamil Nadu
• 19 - Tripura
• 20 - Uttar Pradesh
• 21 - West Bengal
• 22 - Sikkim

8 S TATE CODE
• 23 - Arunachal Pradesh
• 24 - Goa
• 25 - Uttaranchal
• 26 - Chhattisgarh
• 27 - Jharkhand
• 52 - Andaman & Nicobar
• 53 - Chandigarh
• 54 - Dadra & Nagar Haveli
• 55 - Delhi
• 56 - Daman & Diu
• 57 - Lakshadweep
• 58 - Mizoram
• 59 - Pondicherry
• 60 - Pune
• 61 - Coimbatore
• 62 - Telangana

ROC REGISTRATION NUMBER 9
Table : Identity
Indicator : ROC registration number
Field : registration_no
Unit : Number
Description:
This data field stores the registration number of the company. The registration number is alloted to companies by the
Registrar of Companies (ROC). Together with the State code, it forms the company’s complete registration number.
This is beccause company registration numbers are unique within a given ROC office, but are not unique across
various ROC offices accross the country. Prefixing the state code helps overcome this problem. The format is "state
code - registration number". The ROC registration number is available only for entities that are registered with the
Registrar of Companies (ROC). Other business entities such as cooperatives, statutory bodies and administrative
departments do not have a ROC registration number.
The registration number is a part of the company identification number (CIN) code of the company.

10 E NTITY TYPE CODE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Entity type code
Field : entity_type_code
Unit : Code
Description:
Prowess is a database of different types of business entities. A business entity is generally understood to be an
organization that is formed in accordance with the law of the region to engage in business activities such as the sale
of a product or the rendering of a financial or non-financial service.
An entity type is a name that defines a set of entities that have same attributes.
A business entity can be an individual or a company or an association and so on and so forth.
A company, registered under the Companies Act of 1956, is only one, albeit the most dominant, form of a business
entity. There are others as well. In this datafield in Prowess, we store information on the type of entity.
The CMIE classification of entities divides them broadly into two groups - Indian entities and foreign entities.
Within each of these, there are further sub-divisions such as individuals, enterprises and administrative agencies.
Two kinds of registered companies are important - the public limited companies and the private limited companies.
The public limited companies are usually bigger. These dominate the Prowess database. Public limited companies
can be either listed or unlisted. However, the classification of enterprises into entity types does not further categorise
public limited companies as listed or unlisted. The entity type classification stops at the public limited company
leaf level, as is displayed in the table below.
The full classification system of entities in Prowess based on the type of entity is presented below.

E NTITY TYPE 11
Table : Identity
Indicator : Entity type
Field : mr_entity_type_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

12 OWNERSHIP CODE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Ownership code
Field : owner_code
Unit : Code
Description:
Ownership code is a 12 digit numeric code of the ownership group classification of a company.
CMIE classifies companies on the basis of their ownership. An ownership group is the group to which the company
belongs. For example, the Tata Group or the Birla Group or the Thapar Group.
All companies in the Prowess database are mapped to an ownership group in CMIE’s classification of ownership
groups. The mapping reflects the structure of the ownership of the equity shares and the management control of
the companies.
At the broadest level, companies are classified as either being owned by the government or by the private sector.
Ownership by government can be either by the Central government or by the State governments. Since Prowess
includes all kinds of business entities (not just companies), it is possible that some of these could be commercial
enterprises owned by the government or they could be departmental undertakings of the government or statutory
bodies, etc. The ownership classification distinguishes these kinds of entities.
The private sector ownership tree is deeper than that of the government sector. The broad categories within the
private sector are - Indian private sector, (companies owned by Indians), foreign private sector (companies owned
by foreigners including foreign government), cooperatives and joint sector (companies owned by government and
private sector jointly, a form that is now getting defunct).
Some of the Indian private sector companies belong to well-known business houses or groups - such as the Tatas,
Birlas, etc. Business groups are classified into the top 50 business houses, other large business houses and other
business houses. Many houses themselves consist of layers. For example, there are many sub-groups within the
Birla group. CMIE tracks these business houses and the changes in their structure. This also happens in the case
of foreign business houses. Mergers, demergers, acquisitions, sale and hive-offs change ownership structures.
There is no strict rule that can be applied to associating a company with a business group. It is neither entirely
defined by the concept of promoter stake nor is it a case of a certain percent of equity ownership with a particular
individual or family nor is it management control. Each of these are important but none is a fool-proof way of
defining ownership control and management. CMIE uses the available data, its intelligence and its judgement in
associating a company to a business group or any ownership class in the ownership structure. The classification is
thus sometimes tentative.
This logical organisation of ownership groups encapsulates knowledge of CMIE’s understanding of the organisation
of the business groups in India. For example, it is useful to know that the Vinod Doshi group was a part of the
Walchand group of companies along with the Gulabchand Doshi group.
Each company in the database is classified uniquely into only one ownership group at a point in time.

OWNERSHIP 13
Table : Identity
Indicator : Ownership
Field : owner_gp_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

14 I NDUSTRY TYPE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Industry type
Field : co_industry_type
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:
This data field distinguishes between three broad types of companies in Prowess using three numerical values viz.
1, 2 and 3.
CMIE classifies all companies into three broad groups – Non-finance companies, Non-banking finance companies
and Banking companies. This data field stores the classification for the latest period for which some financial
performance data of the company is available. In case of newly listed companies, offer documents have been used
in the past for this classification.
For non-finance companies the value in this data field will be "1". For non-banking finance companies, the value
in this data field will be "2". For banking companies, the value in this data field will be "3".
This classification is required because the ratios, the presentation and tabulations of the financial information is
different for each these three types. For example, the tabulated presentation of the financial information of banking
companies would include information on capital adequacy, non-performing assets etc. which would not be part of
the tabulated presentations of non-financial companies such as hotel or textile companies.
The value in this data field for a company decides the format in which the reports of a company are displayed and
the formulae which are used in the ratios displayed in the report viewer.

M AIN PRODUCT / SERVICE CODE 15
Table : Identity
Indicator : Main product/service code
Field : co_product_gp_code
Unit : Code
Description:
This data field stores the numeric code of the main product group or service of the company. The main product
group or services of a company is that product group or service from which the company gets more than half of its
revenue.
All companies in the Prowess database are mapped to a product or a service in CMIE’s standardised products and
services classification. This mapping reflects the company’s main economic activity during a year.
For example, a company that essentially manufactures fertilisers is mapped to fertilisers in the standardised products
and services classification. A company that is engaged essentially in trading in fertilisers is mapped to trading.
What matters is the economic activity and not just the product involved.
A company’s industry classification can change over time. Thus, every company is mapped to the products and
services classification for each of the years for which its financial statements are available. However, in this
datafield only the latest classification is available.
This data field stores the main product/service group for the latest period for which some financial performance
data is available. The main product/ service group of a company is stored for every annual financial period for
which data is available and also for every quarter for which financial data is available. The former is sourced from
the Annual Report and the latter is available only for listed companies. The main product/service group in the latest
of these financial records is stored in this data field.
In some cases a company may exist in the Prowess database and it may have no financial records based on quarterly
releases or Annual Report. This happens when a large company makes an initial public offering of shares. In such
cases, the classification is derived from the offer document.
CMIE’s standardised products and services classification is a tree-like organisation of all products and services.
The structure can be picturised as a set of groups of products/services at the broadest level. For example, chemicals
or base metals are broad groups. Each such group consists of sub-groups of products/services. A sub-group can
again consist of sub-sub-groups and, so on. Finally, all groups, sub-groups, sub-sub-sub groups, etc. consist of
individual products or services. The groups and sub-groups are a way of organising products/services into logical
collections.
Such an organisation can be called a "tree" structure, where each group is a node and each product is a leaf. A node
consists of further nodes or leaves. A leaf is the final product in a branch.
This logical organisation of products/services encapsulates knowledge of the organisation of products and services.
For example, it contains the knowledge that chloroform is also called tri-chloromethane, which is one of the various
chloromethanes, which in turn is a halogenated derivative of hydrocarbons.
The product and services classification developed by CMIE is based on the Indian Trade Classification (ITC) which,
in turn is based on the Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System, commonly known as the HS. The
ITC system covers only commodities and no services or utilities. CMIE has added these for its classification
system.

16 M AIN PRODUCT / SERVICE CODE
A company is classified under a particular industry if more than half of its sales originates from the particular
industry or industry group. The industry group could be any product or a product group in the CMIE products and
services classification structure.
The detailed break-up of sales provided by companies in their Annual Reports under section 3(i), (ii) and 4(D) of
Part II of Section VI of the Companies Act, 1956 is the main source of the information used to classify companies
by industry groups. At times, information is also taken from other sources within the Annual Report. Typically,
companies reveal their income from services in the profit and loss account or in the Schedules to these and not
in the disclosures mentioned above. Sometimes, CMIE accesses information available outside the Annual Report
also. But such cases are rare.
A company is classified at the most detailed possible level in the CMIE industry classification structure - possibly,
at some leaf-level product in the classification structure.
However, if it is not possible to classify the company against a single product (i.e. if the sales from no single
product accounts for more than half the sales of the company), then CMIE tries to classify the company at the first
level of aggregation, i.e. it tries to find the logical group of products corresponding to a node in the structured
classification system, whose sales account for more than half of the sales of the company. And, if even this does
not work, the effort moves up the classification structure to broader groups, till the sales of all the products under
the node collectively account for more than half the sales of the company.
For example, take a company manufacturing urea, ammonium chloride, single super phosphate and diammonium
phosphate. We see that all these chemicals are fertilisers. If say, urea accounted for more than half the sales of the
company, it would be classified as a urea company. However, if no single product accounted for more than half the
sales, but urea and ammonium chloride together accounted for more than half the sales, then the company would
be classified as a nitrogenous fertiliser manufacturing company. If even these did not collectively account for more
than half the sales, then the company would be classified as a fertiliser manufacturing company.
If a company cannot be classified under any product or product group in the industry classification structure because
there are a large number of products and none of them singly or logically collectively account for more than half
the total sales of the company at any node, then the company is classified as a diversified company.
Each company in the database is classified uniquely against only one industry in the CMIE classification of products
and services for a year.
Products and services classification tree

M AIN PRODUCT / SERVICE NAME 17
Table : Identity
Indicator : Main product/service name
Field : product_name_mst
Data Type :
Unit : Text

18 I NDUSTRY GROUP CODE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Industry group code
Field : co_industry_gp_code
Unit : Code
Description:
This data field stores the code of the industry group to which the company belongs.
Every company is associated with an industry. An industry is one of the entries in the detailed products and
services classification system of CMIE. This association is based on finding the most detailed product description
or aggregation that accounts for a majority of the company’s sales. However, this detailed classification is very
large and companies are often classified at a very detailed level in this classification. At such a level it is difficult
to find peers.
CMIE has developed a broader set of industry groups compared to the detailed and comprehensive classification of
products and services. This broader set is derived from the detailed classification of products and services and it is
comprehensive and exhaustive.
At the broadest level is the division between non-financial companies and financial services companies. This
very broad classification is justified because of the substantial difference between the structure of the two kinds
of companies. Financial services companies are essentially banks and NBFCs. Non-financial companies include
manufacturing, mining, electricity, non-financial services and construction companies.
Each of these groups has a further break-down of industry groups. There are totally 197 industry groups. These
industry groups have been formed by studying the number of companies in clusters of industries as per the detailed
products and services classification.
The objective of the industry classification of companies is to associate each company with the most appropriate
industry in the detailed classification of all products and services. Whereas, the objective in forming the industry
groups is to use the industry classification of companies to find clusters of industries that have a sufficient sample
of companies to justify the formation of an industry.
These industry groups are used by CMIE in the industry-level aggregations, creation of benchmark ratios, equity
price indices, etc.

I NDUSTRY NAME 19
Table : Identity
Indicator : Industry name
Field : co_industry_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

20 NIC TREE CODE
Table : Identity
Indicator : NIC tree code
Field : co_nic_code
Unit : Code
Description:
The NIC code is the numeric code of the official National Industrial Classification (2008). The National Industrial
Classification is a system of classification of all economic activities. This classification system is maintained by
the Central Statistical Organisation under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI).
Every company in the Prowess database is mapped to the one code of the NIC that most appropriately reflects the
main economic activity of the company. In practice, this mapping is done indirectly. Every company is mapped
to the CMIE industry classification based on its main activity. The NIC code is mapped to CMIE’s industry
classification. This indirect mapping yields the NIC code.
The NIC classification is given below:

NIC CODE 21
Table : Identity
Indicator : NIC code
Field : nic_prod_code
Data Type :
Unit : Code

22 NIC NAME
Table : Identity
Indicator : NIC name
Field : nic_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

I NCORPORATION YEAR 23
Table : Identity
Indicator : Incorporation year
Field : incorporation_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Year
Description:
This data field, as the name says, stores the year of incorporation of the company. The year is stored in the "YYYY"
format. The year of incorporation is the year in which the company came into existence as a distinct legal entity. It
is the year in which the company was registered with the Registrar of Companies or with the Reserve Bank or with
any other agency, as the case may be. It is the year in which the company was formed effectively recognised as a
distinct legal person under the law.
While the incorporation year is the year in which the company came into existence, it is no necessarily the year in
which the enterprise came into existence. For example, an enterprise could have existed as a partnership or as a
proprietorship for many years before it was incorporated as a company. It could have been a departmental under-
taking of the government before privatisation. A company may also have a relatively recent year of incorporation
because of a corporate re-structuring. For example, incorporation may result from a demerger or a hive off. While
the spun-off business gains a separate legal identity on incorporation, the business did very much exist even prior
to incorporation.

24 AGE CODE BY YEAR OF INCORPORATION
Table : Identity
Indicator : Age code by year of incorporation
Field : age_code
Unit : Code
Description:
This data field stores the age group to which the company belongs. Age groups are groups of time periods created
by CMIE. The age groups are created based on the economic environment in India. The companies are associated
with these age groups based on their years of incorporation.
The economic environment has undergone several changes since the years of early industrialisation in India. Com-
panies that were set up in the pre-Independence era carry a different legacy compared to those that were formed in
Independent India. Even those that have been formed after Independence have very different legacy issues. The
legacy issues of a relatively new software company are very different from those of a company that was set up in
the pre-Independent era.
The oldest company in the Prowess database is the Howrah Mills Co. that was incorporated in 1825. There are 23
other companies that were formed before 1900. Century Textiles & Industries was incorporated in 1897. Compared
to these companies, there are 360 companies in the Prowess database that were incorporated in 2008.
The age groups created based on economic environment are:
1. Before 1950
These are the pre-Independence companies.
2. Between 1951 and 1971
This is the period of rapid industrialisation when large public sector companies were formed to play a leading
role in India’s effort to transform its economy quickly. This is the period when planning and licensing of
capacity played an important role.
This is the period of excessive controls on industry. The government indulged in large-scale nationalisation,
introduced stringent controls over growth in size through the MRTP Act and over foreign companies through
the FERA.
This short period marks an important break from the past. Rajiv Gandhi led India’s early liberalisation from
the controls of the earlier period. But, the period ended with a crisis on the balance of payments front that
effectively paved the way for the next level of liberalisation.
5. After 1991
This is the era in which India not only unshackled its past controls but also introduced a new opening up with
the rest of the world. It threw Indian industry open to competition by reducing import tariffs and permitting
FDI in most sectors. More importantly, it liberalised the Indian capital market.
Often, the year of incorporation is not a good reflection of the age of a company. This may happen because an
old business entity may get incorporated as a company much after it began business. This may happen when a

AGE CODE BY YEAR OF INCORPORATION 25
business is hived off from a company and turned into a new business, or when a government department becomes a
company under the Companies Act. We have tried to correct for this anomaly in recent years. But, it is not possible
to entirely deal with the past. Thus, for all practical purposes we use the year of incorporation as the measure of
the age of a company.
Each company in the database is classified uniquely against only one age group. Unlike other classifications, the
age-group classification is a relatively static classification and does not change from year to year.

26 AGE CATEGORY
Table : Identity
Indicator : Age category
Field : age_group
Data Type :
Unit : Text

S IZE CODE BY DECILES 27
Table : Identity
Indicator : Size code by deciles
Field : decile_size
Unit : Code
Description:
This data field stores the size decile (decile1, decile2,...decile10) of the company.
Companies are classified by size, based on their relative position in the overall distribution of companies by size.
There are two problems we grapple within doing so. The first problem is the indicator to be used for measurement
of size and the second is the definition of the size bins.
Selecting an indicator of size
Sales is the most commonly quoted indicator for size in all popular references to a company. There is merit in this
measure as it reflects an outcome of a company’s business and is the least contaminated by valuation complications.
Sales are always expressed in current values. There are no historical values in sales that need to be adjusted. Sales
are comparable across companies and can thus be used for ranking of companies by size.
However, sales is vulnerable to industry-specific business cycles or to company-specific events. It is intuitively

unappealing to call a company small because of a temporary drop in sales or, similarly, to call a company large
because of a one-time windfall rise in sales.
More importantly, a purely trading company’s sales is larger than its true size as compared to the sales of a manu-
facturing company. In such a case, assets could be a better measure of size. The size of the assets of a company is
also not vulnerable to business cycles.
However, assets have a valuation problem. The total assets of a company is the sum of different historical values
of different components of total assets. Further, different companies use different rates of depreciation. This has
implications on the values of total net assets of the companies. Assets also end up underestimating the size of large
labour-intensive service industry companies such as software development.
Measures such as profits or value added can assume negative values and run against our intuitive thinking of size.
These values are a lot more volatile than sales or assets and therefore not suitable for measurement of size.
Interestingly, the problems in sales and assets as measures of size offset each other and thus a combination of the
two is a good measure of the size of a company. While sales are vulnerable to business cycles, assets are not. While
assets understate the importance of the services sector, sales do not. While assets have a valuation problem, sales
is the least controversial. Sales and assets, therefore are complimentary measures in many ways in determining the
size of a company.
Size is thus defined in the Prowess database as the three-year average of the total income and total assets of a
company. I.e. Size = 3 − yearaverage(totalincome + totalassets)

28 S IZE CODE BY DECILES
Defining size bins
Size bins should be derived from the data and should not be arbitrarily set a priori. Bins should also not be frozen
in time; they should change from year-to-year to reflect the evolution of absolute values and their distribution.
To make the deciles, CMIE sorts the companies in descending order of size. This sorted list is divided into ten
equal parts. The cut off points are the limits of the ten size bins for deciles. Such an exercise is carried out twice
a year for all companies for all years in the database. Each such exercise leads to the generation of new cut-off
points.
Since the bins are created every six months, it is possible that companies do move from one bin to another depending
upon its new position in the new distribution of all companies.

S IZE BY DECILES 29
Table : Identity
Indicator : Size by deciles
Field : decile_size_group
Data Type :
Unit : Text

30 NSE SYMBOL
Table : Identity
Indicator : NSE symbol
Field : nse_symbol
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores the NSE symbol of the company. It stores the symbol of the company as assigned to it by the
National Stock Exchange (NSE).
When a company is listed on an exchange, the exchange assigns a symbol to it. A symbol, commonly referred to
as the stock symbol or the stock exchange symbol, is a series of alphabets assigned to a security for trading on that
particular exchange. The alphabets are normally from the name of the company itself. In that sense, the symbol is
a kind of an abbreviation of the name of the company. A stock symbol is exchange specific.
On an exchange, the security of a company is identified by a numerical code as well as an alphabetical code. In
case of NSE, the exchange provides only an alphabetical code. The alphabetical code, as explained above, is called
the NSE symbol. The NSE symbol uniquely identifies the security of the company on that exchange.
The NSE symbol has a maximum length of ten characters.

BSE SCRIP CODE 31
Table : Identity
Indicator : BSE scrip code
Field : bse_scrip_code
Unit : Code
Description:
This data field stores the BSE demat code. The BSE demat code is a numeric code alloted by the Bombay Stock
Exchange (BSE) to the securities traded on the exchange. Each security traded on the exchange has a unique demat
code alloted to it by the exchange. The BSE demat code serves as a scrip identification code. The code consists of
six digits.

32 BSE CODE
Table : Identity
Indicator : BSE code
Field : bse_code
Unit : Code
Description:
This data field stores the BSE code of the scrip. The BSE code is a numeric code that used to be assigned to a scrip
being traded on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). It was assigned to the scrip by the BSE. This code existed
prior to the full dematerialisation of securities. Post dematerialisation, all securities were alloted demat codes by
the exchange and the BSE code was replaced by the BSE scrip code, which was the demat code of the scrips. The
demat code is now known as the BSE scrip code.

BSE SCRIP ID 33
Table : Identity
Indicator : BSE scrip id
Field : bse_scrip_id
Unit : Code
Description:
This data field stores the BSE scrip id of the company. It stores the alphabetical scrip identification abbreviation of
the company as assigned to it by the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). It is the BSE equivalent of the NSE symbol
of the company.
When a company is listed on an exchange, the exchange assigns an abbreviation to it for identification. It is also
referred to as the stock symbol or the stock exchange symbol and is a series of alphabets assigned to a security for
trading on that particular exchange. The alphabets are mostly from the name of the company itself. In that sense, it
is a kind of an abbreviation of the name of the company.
On an exchange, the security of a company is identified by a numerical code or an alphabetical code or both. The
BSE assigns both to a security listed on it. The NSE, however, assigns only the textual code. It does not assign
numeric codes to securities traded on it.
The BSE scrip id now has a maximum length of ten characters.

34 BSE GROUP
Table : Identity
Indicator : BSE group
Field : bse_listing_flag
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores the group into which the security of a particular company is classified by the Bombay Stock
Exchange (BSE). The BSE classified the scrips listed on the exchange into various groups based on parameters like
market capitalisation, years of listing, liquidity of the scrip, trading turnover, trading frequency, amongst others.
The groups are as follows:
• Group A. Of all the companies listed on the BSE, the companies included in this group by the exchange are
the top 200 companies mainly by market capitalisation, trading volume and liquidity.
• Group B. All companies not included in ’A’ or ’Z’ or ‘S’ or ‘T’ groups are classified into Group B. The
exchange classified B group companies into B1 and B2 till March 2008. These were then merged into one.
• Group T. This is the set of scrips whose transactions on the BSE are necessarily settled on trade-to-trade basis.
Taking or giving delivery of shares is compulsory for these transactions. Positions cannot be squared off by
the end of the day.
• Group S. The BSE introduced the BSE Indonext with effect from 7 January 2005. This ‘S’ group represents
scrips forming part of BSE Indonext. It includes those scrips from the B group which are listed on the regional
stock exchanges.
• Group TS. This group consists of those scrips from the ‘S’ group whose transactions need to be settled on
delivery basis i.e. trade-to-trade basis.
• Group Z. The Z group was introduced by the BSE in July 1999 to include those companies that failed to
comply with the listing requirements of the Exchange or have failed to resolve investor complaints or have
not made the necessary arrangements with the depositories for dematerialisation of their securities.

F IRST TRADING DATE ON NSE 35
Table : Identity
Indicator : First trading date on NSE
Field : nse_first_traded_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This data field stores the date on which the scrip was first traded on the National Stock Exchange.

36 DATE OF SUSPENSION ON NSE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Date of suspension on NSE
Field : nse_suspended_from_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This data field stores the date on which the scrip was last suspended from being traded on the National Stock
Exchange. This is the date on which the suspension commenced. It is applicable only to those scrips that did get
suspended from trading on the National Stock Exchange.

DATE OF END OF SUSPENSION ON NSE 37
Table : Identity
Indicator : Date of end of suspension on NSE
Field : nse_suspended_to_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This indicator stores the date when the latest suspension of trading of the company’s shares on the National Stock
Exchange was lifted and trading of the shares were allowed to commence again.

38 D ELISTING DATE ON NSE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Delisting date on NSE
Field : nse_delist_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
The date when the company’s shares were delisted from trading on the National Stock Exchange is stored in this
datafield.

F IRST TRADING DATE ON BSE 39
Table : Identity
Indicator : First trading date on BSE
Field : bse_first_traded_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This data field stores the date on which the scrip was first traded on the Bombay Stock Exchange. If the first
trading date on the BSE was not available then the date entered is 2 January 1981. There are 1158 such companies
in Prowess.

40 DATE OF SUSPENSION ON BSE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Date of suspension on BSE
Field : bse_suspended_from_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This indicator stores the date on which the scrip was last suspended from being traded on the Bombay Stock
Exchange. This is the date on which the suspension commenced. It is applicable only to those scrips that did get
suspended from trading on the Bombay Stock Exchange.

DATE OF END OF SUSPENSION ON BSE 41
Table : Identity
Indicator : Date of end of suspension on BSE
Field : bse_suspended_to_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This indicator stores the date when the latest suspension of trading of the company’s shares on the Bombay Stock
Exchange (if any) was lifted and trading of the shares was allowed to commence again.

42 D ELISTING DATE ON BSE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Delisting date on BSE
Field : bse_delist_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
The date when the company’s shares were delisted from the Bombay Stock Exchange is stored in this data field.

R EGISTRAR ’ S NAME 43
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registrar’s name
Field : registrar_name
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores the name of the Registrar appointed by the company. A Registrar is the official keeper of
records of the company. The Registrar keeps records of the company such as those pertaining to issuance of share
certificates, registration of share transfers, maintenance of register of members, amongst others. Registrars maintain
records relating to public offerings, corporate actions, investor servicing and even compliances.

44 R EGISTRAR OFFICE ADDRESS
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registrar office address
Field : regsaddr
Data Type :
Unit : Text
Description:

R EGISTRAR OFFICE PINCODE 45
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registrar office pincode
Field : regspin
Data Type :
Unit : Number

46 R EGISTRAR OFFICE TELEPHONE NUMBER / S
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registrar office telephone number/s
Field : regstele
Data Type :
Unit : Number

R EGISTRAR OFFICE FAX NUMBER / S 47
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registrar office fax number/s
Field : regsfax
Data Type :
Unit : Number

48 R EGISTRAR OFFICE EMAIL ADDRESS
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registrar office email address
Field : regsemail
Data Type :
Unit : Text

R EGISTRAR WEBSITE ADDRESS 49
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registrar website address
Field : regsweb
Data Type :
Unit : Text

50 R EGISTERED OFFICE ADDRESS
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registered office address
Field : regdaddr
Data Type :
Unit : Text

R EGISTERED OFFICE CITY 51
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registered office city
Field : regdcity
Data Type :
Unit : Text

52 R EGISTERED OFFICE DISTRICT CODE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registered office district code
Field : regddcode
Data Type :
Unit : Code

R EGISTERED OFFICE DISTRICT 53
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registered office district
Field : regddname
Data Type :
Unit : Text

54 R EGISTERED OFFICE STATE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registered office state
Field : regdstate
Data Type :
Unit : Text

R EGISTERED OFFICE PINCODE 55
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registered office pincode
Field : regdpin
Data Type :
Unit : Number

56 R EGISTERED OFFICE TELEPHONE NUMBER / S
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registered office telephone number/s
Field : regdtele
Data Type :
Unit : Number

R EGISTERED OFFICE FAX NUMBER / S 57
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registered office fax number/s
Field : regdfax
Data Type :
Unit : Number

58 R EGISTERED OFFICE EMAIL ADDRESS
Table : Identity
Indicator : Registered office email address
Field : regdemail
Data Type :
Unit : Text

H EAD OFFICE ADDRESS 59
Table : Identity
Indicator : Head office address
Field : hoaddr
Data Type :
Unit : Text

60 H EAD OFFICE CITY
Table : Identity
Indicator : Head office city
Field : hocity
Data Type :
Unit : Text

H EAD OFFICE DISTRICT CODE 61
Table : Identity
Indicator : Head office district code
Field : hodcode
Data Type :
Unit : Code

62 H EAD OFFICE DISTRICT
Table : Identity
Indicator : Head office district
Field : hodname
Data Type :
Unit : Text

H EAD OFFICE STATE 63
Table : Identity
Indicator : Head office state
Field : hostate
Data Type :
Unit : Text

64 H EAD OFFICE PINCODE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Head office pincode
Field : hopin
Data Type :
Unit : Number

H EAD OFFICE TELEPHONE NUMBER / S 65
Table : Identity
Indicator : Head office telephone number/s
Field : hotele
Data Type :
Unit : Number

66 H EAD OFFICE FAX NUMBER / S
Table : Identity
Indicator : Head office fax number/s
Field : hofax
Data Type :
Unit : Number

H EAD OFFICE EMAIL ADDRESS 67
Table : Identity
Indicator : Head office email address
Field : hoemail
Data Type :
Unit : Text

68 C ORPORATE OFFICE ADDRESS
Table : Identity
Indicator : Corporate office address
Field : corpaddr
Data Type :
Unit : Text

C ORPORATE OFFICE CITY 69
Table : Identity
Indicator : Corporate office city
Field : corpcity
Data Type :
Unit : Text

70 C ORPORATE OFFICE DISTRICT CODE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Corporate office district code
Field : corpdcode
Data Type :
Unit : Code

C ORPORATE OFFICE DISTRICT 71
Table : Identity
Indicator : Corporate office district
Field : corpdname
Data Type :
Unit : Text

72 C ORPORATE OFFICE STATE
Table : Identity
Indicator : Corporate office state
Field : corpstate
Data Type :
Unit : Text

C ORPORATE OFFICE PINCODE 73
Table : Identity
Indicator : Corporate office pincode
Field : corppin
Data Type :
Unit : Number

74 C ORPORATE OFFICE TELEPHONE NUMBER / S
Table : Identity
Indicator : Corporate office telephone number/s
Field : corptele
Data Type :
Unit : Number

C ORPORATE OFFICE FAX NUMBER / S 75
Table : Identity
Indicator : Corporate office fax number/s
Field : corpfax
Data Type :
Unit : Number

76 C ORPORATE OFFICE EMAIL ADDRESS
Table : Identity
Indicator : Corporate office email address
Field : corpemail
Data Type :
Unit : Text

C ORPORATE OFFICE EMAIL ADDRESS 77
Chapter 2
History of Company Name Changes

Table : History of Company Name Changes

Field : addinfo_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code


Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

80 DATE OF COMPANY NAME CHANGE

Indicator : Date of company name change
Field : addinfo_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date

C OMPANY NAME CHANGE 81

Indicator : Company name change
Field : updt_data_description
Unit : Text

82 C OMPANY NAME CHANGE

C OMPANY NAME CHANGE 83
Chapter 3
History of Classifications

Table : History of Classifications

Field : coprd_company_code
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code


Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

86 DATE

Indicator : Date
Field : coprd_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date

I NFORMATION TYPE 87

Indicator : Information type
Field : mr_info_full_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

88 P RODUCT GROUP CODE

Indicator : Product group code
Field : coprd_product_code
Unit : Code

P RODUCT GROUP NAME 89

Indicator : Product group name
Field : product_name_mst
Data Type :
Unit : Text

90 I NDUSTRY CODE

Indicator : Industry code
Field : coprd_industry_code
Data Type :
Unit : Code

I NDUSTRY NAME 91

Indicator : Industry name
Field : coprd_industry_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

92 NIC CODE

Indicator : NIC code
Field : nic_prod_code
Data Type :
Unit : Code

NIC NAME 93

Indicator : NIC name
Field : nic_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

94 OWNERSHIP CODE

Indicator : Ownership code
Field : coprd_owner_code
Data Type :
Unit : Code

OWNERSHIP 95

Indicator : Ownership
Field : owner_gp_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

96 C ODE OF S IZE DECILE IN A LL INDUSTRIES

Indicator : Code of Size decile in All industries
Field : coprd_allind_size_code
Data Type :
Unit : Code

S IZE DECILE IN A LL INDUSTRIES 97

Indicator : Size decile in All industries
Field : coprd_allind_size_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

98 C ODE OF S IZE DECILE IN INDUSTRY

Indicator : Code of Size decile in industry
Field : coprd_leafind_size_code
Data Type :
Unit : Code

S IZE DECILE IN INDUSTRY 99

Indicator : Size decile in industry
Field : coprd_leafind_size_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

100 S IZE DECILE IN INDUSTRY

S IZE DECILE IN INDUSTRY 101
Chapter 4
Board of Directors

Table : Board of Directors

Field : co_code
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:


Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

104 NAME OF DIRECTOR

Indicator : Name of director
Field : directors_name
Unit : Text
Description:
This datafield stores the name of the director or executive of the company. Usually the name is entered as it appears
in the Annual Report. Sometimes, these are modified to facilitate inter-year comparisons.

DATE 105

Indicator : Date
Field : corpdiro_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This datafield stores the date for which the data is presented in the Record. Since the data is sourced from the Annual
Report, this datafield contains the date of the year-ending of the company’s Annual Report. Listed companies have
to disclose this information on an annual basis as an adherence towards corporate governance disclosures.
The Annual Report presents the composition of the Board of Directors as of the date of the year-ending of accounts.
This date is stored in this datafield. The annual report also provides dates when individual members were appointed
or who resigned from the Board during the year. These dates are stored separately elsewhere.

106 C OMMITTEE NAME

Indicator : Committee name
Field : committee_name
Unit : Text
Description:
This datafield stores the name of the committee of the board of which the director is a member. This disclosure by
companies is an adherence towards the suggested list of items to be included in the repot on corporate governance
in their annual reports, as specified in Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement.

MCA’ S DIN 107

Indicator : MCA’s DIN
Field : corpdiro_din
Data Type :
Unit : Code
Description:
The Director Identification Number (DIN) is a 8-digit unique Identification Number allotted to Directors by the
Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).
The code is unique to each director.
The concept of DIN was introduced as a part of the e-governance initiative i.e. MCA-21 Project’ by MCA in the
year 2006. DIN was introduced as a unique identifier for an existing or a future intending director, containing
personal information about the director. The need for introduction of a unique identifier for directors arose from (i)
creating a comprehensive and authentic database on the directors, and (ii) the phenomenon of companies that raise
funds from the public and subsequently vanish, with their directors becoming untraceable.
DIN helps in ascertaining the identity of the director and also co-relate director’s presence in other companies.
Availability of data in this indicator depends on the availability of DIN in our database. As the concept of DIN
was introduced by MCA in October 2006, data availability for this indicator increases from the year 2007. The
availability for the earlier years is very limited

108 D ESIGNATION

Indicator : Designation
Field : designation_full_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

D ESIGNATION CATEGORY 109

Indicator : Designation category
Field : category
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores director category. Directors are categorised as follows: 1.Executive 2.Executive-Independent
3.Executive - Non Independent 4.Independent 5.Nominee 6.Non Executive -Non Independent 7.Non-Executive
8.Non Executiev-Independent 9.Non-Independent 10.Non-Promotor-Executive 11.Non-Promotor-Independent
12.Non-Promotor-Non-Executive 13.Non-Promotor-Wholetime 14.Non-Promotor 15.Promotor 16.Promotor-
Executive 17.Promotor-Non-Independent 18.Promotor-Non-Executive 19.Wholetime 20.Wholetime-Independent
21.Non-Promotor-Non-Independent

110 M EETINGS ATTENDED

Indicator : Meetings attended
Field : board_meetings_attended
Data Type : Number
Unit : Number
Description:
This datafield stores the number of Board Meetings attended by the director of the company during the year. Such
information is available only for directors of listed companies.

S ALARY 111

Indicator : Salary
Field : salary
Data Type : Number
Unit : Unit Currency
Description:
This datafield stores the salary in Indian rupees earned by the director of the company during the year. Such a
payment is usually made to non-independent directors. Such information is available mostly for directors of listed
companies.

112 D IRECTORS SITTING FEES

Indicator : Directors sitting fees
Field : sitting_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
This datafield stores the sitting fees paid to the Director of the company during the year.
Sitting fees are paid to the directors as per the rates prescribed in the Articles of Association of the company.
According to Proviso 1 to Section 310 of The Companies Act, 1956, the amount of remuneration by way of fee for
each meeting of the board of directors or a committee thereof, shall not exceed the sum of twenty thousand rupees
for directors of companies with a paid-up share capital and free reserve of Rs. 10 crore and above or turnover of
Rs.50 crore and above and for other companies, sitting fees to directors should not exceed the sum of ten thousand
rupees.
Such information is available mostly for directors of listed companies.

C ONTRIBUTION TO PROVIDENT FUND 113

Indicator : Contribution to provident fund
Field : contrib_to_pf
Data Type : Number
Description:
This datafield stores the contributions made towards the provident fund of Director by the company during the year.
Such a contribution is usually made towards the provident fund of non-independent directors. Such information is
available mostly for directors of listed companies.

114 B ONUS / C OMMISSION

Indicator : Bonus / Commission
Field : bonus_commission
Data Type : Number
Description:
This datafield stores the bonus and commissions earned by the Director of the company during the year. Such
information is available mostly for directors of listed companies.

P ERQUISITES 115

Indicator : Perquisites
Field : perquisites
Data Type : Number
Description:
This datafield stores the perquisites earned by the Director of the company during the year. Such information
is available mostly for directors of listed companies. Such perquisites are usually provided to non-independent
directors.

116 R ETIREMENT BENEFITS

Indicator : Retirement benefits
Field : retirement_benefits
Data Type : Number
Description:
This datafield stores the retirement benefits earned by the Director of the company during the year. Such in-
formation is available mostly for directors of listed companies. Such retirement benefits are usually provided to
non-independent directors.

T OTAL REMUNERATION 117

Indicator : Total remuneration
Field : tot_remuneration
Data Type : Number
Description:
This datafield stores the total remuneration earned by the Director of the company during the year. It includes the
salary, bonus / commissions, perquisites, retirement benefits, and other benefits including sitting fees if any.

118 E XECUTIVE /N ON - EXECUTIVE CLASSIFICATION

Indicator : Executive/Non-executive classification
Field : exec_non_exec_category
Unit : Number
Description:
CMIE classifies a Director on the Board of a company as an Executive director or a Non-executive director. These
are not designations but a classification of directors by their role in the management of the company. An executive
director has executive powers in the management of the company. A Managing Director, for example, is an execu-
tive director. An independent director on the other hand is a non-executive director. A Chairman is sometimes an
executive chairman and at times is a non-executive chairman.
A non-executive director is not involved in day-to-day running of business but monitors the business activity.
According to the Clause 49 of the listing agreement, the board of directors of a company should not have less than
fifty per cent of non-executive directors.
Companies do not necessarily disclose the classification of their directors as executive director or non-executive
director although corporate governance requirements do require them to distinguish between the two kinds.
CMIE uses evidences from the publicly available information to classify directors into executive and non-executive
types. This classification is indicative, not official and not necessarily available for all directors. Such classification
is made by CMIE essentially for listed companies.

P ROMOTER / NON - PROMOTER CLASSIFICATION 119

Indicator : Promoter/non-promoter classification
Field : prom_non_prom_category
Unit : Number
Description:
CMIE classifies a Director on the Board of a company as a Promoter director or a Non-promoter director. This is a
classification of directors by their role in starting the company.
A promoter is an individual or an institution that provided the initial equity capital and played the entrepreneurial
role in setting up the company. Promoters usually take up prominent positions on the Board of Directors. Usu-
ally, promoters invite non-promoters to join the Board to either provide external guidance or to fulfil the role of
independent directors.
Listed companies classify the ownership of equity shares by promoter and non-promoter categories. However, they
do not necessarily disclose the classification of directors of the Board by such a classification. They do not even
identify promoter directors on the Board.
CMIE uses evidences from the publicly available information to classify directors into promoter and non-promoter
types. This classification is indicative, not official and not necessarily available for all directors. Such classification
is made by CMIE essentially for listed companies.

120 I NDEPENDENT / NON - INDEPENDENT CLASSIFICATION

Indicator : Independent/non-independent classification
Field : indep_non_indep_category
Unit : Number
Description:
CMIE classifies a Director on the Board of a company as an Independent director or a Non-independent director.
This is a classification of directors by virtue of their independence from the management of the company and from
the promoters of the company.
According to the Clause 49 of the listing agreement, if the chairman of the board is a non-executive director, at
least one-third of the board should comprise of independent directors and in case he is an executive director, at least
half of the board should comprise of independent directors.
Companies do not necessarily disclose the classification of their directors into such categories although corporate
governance requirements do require them to distinguish between the two kinds. Such classification is made by
CMIE essentially for listed companies.

NO OF OTHER COMPANIES CHAIRPERSON 121

Indicator : No of other companies chairperson
Field : no_of_oth_cos_chairperson
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of companies on which a Director is a Chairperson.
According to Clause 49 of the listing agreement, a director shall not be a member in more than 10 committees or
act as chairman of more than five committees across all companies in which he is a director.

122 H AS RESIGNED

Indicator : Has resigned
Field : has_resigned
Unit : Y flagged
Description:
This datafield stores information of whether a Director has resigned from the Board of Directors of a company
during the year. This information is sourced from the Annual Report of the company.

NO OF COMMITTEE POSITIONS HELD 123

Indicator : No of committee positions held
Field : no_of_committee_pos_held
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of committees, of a company, in which a director holds a position.
According to Clause 49 of the listing agreement, a director shall not be a member in more than 10 committees
across all companies in which he is a director.

124 H AS RETIRED

Indicator : Has retired
Field : has_retired
Unit : Y flagged
Description:
This datafield stores information on whether a Director has retired from the Board of Directors of a company during
the year. This information is sourced from the Annual Report of the company.
According to Section 255 of The Companies Act, 1956, all the directors should retire at every Annual General
Meeting if it is mentioned in the Articles of Association. If not, not less than two-third of the total number of
directors shall be persons whose period of office is liable to termination by retirement of directors by rotation.

L AST AGM ATTENDED 125

Indicator : Last AGM attended
Field : last_agm_attended
Unit : Y flagged
Description:
This data field stores information indicating whether a Director did attend the Annual General Meeting preceding
the year for which the Accounts were prepared.

126 A PPOINTMENT DATE

Indicator : Appointment date
Field : appointment_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This datafield stores the date on which a Director was appointed on the Board of Directors of a company. This
information is sourced from the Annual Report of the company.
According to Section 581P of The Companies Act, 1956,
a) Every person shall hold office of a director for a period not less than one year but not exceeding five years as
may be specified in the articles of association.
b) Every director who retires in accordance with the articles, shall be eligible for re-appointment as a director.

R ESIGNATION DATE 127

Indicator : Resignation date
Field : resignation_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This datafield stores the date on which a Director resigns from the Board of Directors of a company. This informa-
tion is sourced from the Annual Report of the company.

128 NO OF OTHER COMPANIES DIRECTOR

Indicator : No of other companies director
Field : no_of_oth_cos_director
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of other companies on which a Director of the company is also a Director. A
director can simultaneously be on the board of many companies.
Section 275 of The Companies Act, 1956, restricts a person to be a director of more than 15 companies at the same
time.

D ESIGNATION ORDER NUMBER 129

Indicator : Designation order number
Field : corpdiro_desig_seqno
Data Type : Number
Unit : Number
Description:
This datafield stores a number that determines the order in which the designation categories are placed within the
director designation category tree.

130 D ESIGNATION ORDER NUMBER

D ESIGNATION ORDER NUMBER 131
Chapter 5
Equity Ownership Pattern

Table : Equity Ownership Pattern

Field : shp_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:


Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

134 DATE

Indicator : Date
Field : shp_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
Listed companies provide shareholding data on a quarterly basis. According to Clause 35 of the listing agreement,
a company has to file with the exchange the shareholding pattern, as per the specified guidelines and formats, for
each quarter of the year within 21 days of each quarter ending and within 10 days of any capital restructuring of
the company resulting in a change exceeding +/- 2 per cent of the total paid up share capital. This datafield stores
the date for which the shareholding data is available.

T OTAL NUMBER OF EQUITY SHARES 135

Indicator : Total number of equity shares
Field : total_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field stores the total number of equity shares of the company outstanding as of the date. This data is
sourced from the stock exchanges.

136 S HARES HELD BY PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by promoters
Field : promoters_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by the promoters of the company as of the date. SEBI
describes a promoter as "the person or persons who are in control of the company, directly or indirectly, whether as
share holder, director or otherwise; or person or persons named as promoters in any document of offer of securities
to the public or existing shareholders or in the shareholding pattern, disclosed by the company under the provisions
of the Listing Agreement".

S HARES HELD BY I NDIAN PROMOTERS 137

Indicator : Shares held by Indian promoters
Field : indian_promoters_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by the Indian promoters of the company as of the
date. These are Indian individuals, Hindu Undivided Families, Central and State governments, corporate bodies,
financial institutions and banks and other promoters.

138 S HARES HELD BY I NDIAN INDIVIDUALS AND HINDU UNDIVIDED FAMILIES AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by Indian individuals and hindu undivided families as promoters
Field : ind_prom_indiv_huf_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the total number of equity shares that are held by Indian individuals and Hindu Undivided
Families as Indian promoters of the company as of the date.
Individual means a person who is a shareholder.
A Hindu Undivided Family, according to Hindu law, is a family that consists of all persons lineally descended from
a common ancestor, including wives and unmarried daughters.

S HARES HELD BY CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS PROMOTERS 139

Indicator : Shares held by central and state government/s as promoters
Field : ind_prom_govt_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by the Central and State government/s as Indian
promoters of the company as of the date.

140 S HARES HELD BY I NDIAN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by Indian corporate bodies as promoters
Field : ind_prom_corp_bodies_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by Indian corporate bodies as promoters of the
company as of the date.
A corporate body is an organisation or group of persons that act as an entity. For example: associations, government
agencies, etc.

S HARES HELD BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS PROMOTERS 141

Indicator : Shares held by financial institutions and banks as promoters
Field : ind_prom_fi_banks_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by financial institutions and banks as Indian promoters
of the company as of the date.
Financial institutions means institutions that provide financial services. Financial institutions can be asset manage-
ment companies, insurance companies, etc.

142 S HARES HELD BY OTHER PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by other promoters
Field : ind_prom_others_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by other promoters of the company as of the date. The
promoters that cannot be classified as Indian individuals, HUF, Central and State government, corporate bodies,
financial institutions and banks are classified as "Other promoters’.
Other Indian promoters are promoters classified by the company under "Any other" category under Indian share-
holding of promoter and promoter group in the shareholding pattern disclosure made by the company.

S HARES HELD BY FOREIGN PROMOTERS 143

Indicator : Shares held by foreign promoters
Field : frgn_promoters_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by foreign promoters of the company as of the date.
These are foreign individuals, foreign corporate bodies, foreign institutions and other foreign promoters.

144 S HARES HELD BY FOREIGN INDIVIDUALS (NRI S & POI S ) AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by foreign individuals (NRIs & POIs) as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_indiv_nri_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by foreign individuals as promoters of the company
as of the date.
A Non-Resident Indian(NRI) is a foreign individual. An Indian Citizen who stays abroad for employment/carrying
on business or vocation outside India or stays abroad under circumstances indicating an intention for an uncertain
duration of stay abroad is a non-resident Indian.

S HARES HELD BY FOREIGN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS 145

Indicator : Shares held by foreign corporate bodies as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_corp_bodies_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by foreign corporate bodies as promoters of the
company as of the date. A corporate body is a foreign organisation or group of foreign persons that act as an entity.
These are foreign corporate bodies other than foreign institutions.

146 S HARES HELD BY FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by foreign institutions as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_institutions_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by foreign institutions as promoters of the company
as of the date. "Foreign Institutional Investor" means an institution established or incorporated outside India which
proposes to make investment in India in securities. For example: hedge funds, insurance companies, pension funds,
etc.

S HARES HELD BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN PROMOTER INVESTORS 147

Indicator : Shares held by qualified foreign promoter investors
Field : frgn_prom_qfi_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by ‘Qualified Foreign Investors(QFI)’ as promoters
According to SEBI, QFIs include individuals, groups or associations, resident in a country that is a member of
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) or a country that is a member of a group which is a member of FATF and
resident in a country that is a signatory to IOSCO’s MMOU or a signatory of a bilateral MOU with Securities and
Exchange Board of India (SEBI). QFIs do not include FIIs/Sub accounts/ Foreign Venture Capital Investor.

148 S HARES HELD BY OTHER FOREIGN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by other foreign promoters
Field : frgn_prom_others_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by other foreign promoters of the company as of the
date.
Other foreign promoters are foreign promoters classified by a company, in their share holding pattern disclosure,
under "Any Other" category. These foreign promoters are promoters other than foreign individuals(NRIs & PIOs),
foreign corporate bodies and foreign institutions.

S HARES HELD BY GROUPS OF LIKE - MINDED INDIVIDUALS AS PROMOTERS 149

Indicator : Shares held by groups of like-minded individuals as promoters
Field : persons_concert_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by groups of like-minded individuals as promoters

150 S HARES HELD BY NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by non-promoters
Field : non_promoters_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by entities that do not get classified as promoters of
the company as of the date. It includes institutional and non-institutional investors.

S HARES HELD BY INSTITUTIONS AS NON - PROMOTERS 151

Indicator : Shares held by institutions as non-promoters
Field : institutions_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by institutions as non-promoters of the company as
of the date. These are financial institutions and governments. The former includes mutual funds, banks, insurance
companies, foreign institutional investors and venture capital funds.

152 S HARES HELD BY MUTUAL FUNDS AND UTI AS NON - PROMOTER

Indicator : Shares held by mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter
Field : mfunds_uti_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field stores the number of equity shares that are held by mutual funds and The Unit Trust of India as
non-promoters of the company as of the date.

S HARES HELD BY BANKS , FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS , AND INSURANCE COS . AS NON - PROMOTERS 153

Indicator : Shares held by banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as non-promoters
Field : banks_fi_insure_govt_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by banks, financial institutions, and insurance com-
panies as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

154 S HARES HELD BY INSURANCE COMPANIES AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by insurance companies as non-promoters
Field : insurance_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by insurance companies as non-promoters of the

S HARES HELD BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS NON - PROMOTERS 155

Indicator : Shares held by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters
Field : fi_banks_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters
Financial institution means institutions that provide financial services. Shareholding of non-promoter financial
institutions other than Asset Management Companies and insurance companies are classified in this category.

156 S HARES HELD BY CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by central and state government/s as non-promoters
Field : govt_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by the Central and State government/s as non-

S HARES HELD BY FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS 157

Indicator : Shares held by foreign institutional investors as non-promoters
Field : fii_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company that are held by foreign institutional investors as
of the date.
Financial Institutional Investor(FII) means an institution established or incorporated outside India which proposes
to make investment in India in securities.

158 S HARES HELD BY VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by venture capital funds as non-promoters
Field : venture_cap_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company that are held by venture capital funds. These are
venture capital funds other than foreign venture capital investors.

S HARES HELD BY FOREIGN VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS 159

Indicator : Shares held by foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters
Field : frgn_venture_cap_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company that are held by foreign venture capital investors
as of the date.

160 S HARES HELD BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS

Indicator : Shares held by qualified foreign instituitional investors
Field : inst_qfi_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company that are held by non-promoter institutional Qual-
ified Foreign Investors(QFI) as of the date.

S HARES HELD BY OTHER INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS 161

Indicator : Shares held by other institutional investors as non-promoters
Field : other_inst_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by other institutions as non-promoters of the company
as of the date.
‘Other institutional non-promoters’ are non-promoter share holders that cannot be classified as mutual funds/UTI,
financial institution, Central/State government, venture capital fund, insurance Company, foreign institutional in-
vestor, foreign venture capital investor or qualified foreign investor.

162 S HARES HELD BY NON - INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS

Indicator : Shares held by non-institutional investors
Field : non_institutions_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company that are held by the share holders that do not get
classified as institutions. These are corporate bodies and individual investors.

S HARES HELD BY CORPORATE BODIES AS INVESTORS 163

Indicator : Shares held by corporate bodies as investors
Field : non_inst_corp_bodies_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by corporate bodies as non-promoter investors of the
company as of the date. A corporate body is an organisation or group of persons that act as an entity. For example:
associations, trusts, partnerships or any other type of entity.

164 S HARES HELD BY INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS

Indicator : Shares held by individual investors
Field : non_inst_indiv_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by individual non-promoter investors of the company
as of the date.

S HARES HELD BY INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS WITH A SHARE CAPITAL OF UP TO RS. 1 LAKH 165

Indicator : Shares held by individual investors with a share capital of up to Rs. 1 lakh
Field : non_inst_indiv_upto_1lakh_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by non-promoter individual investors with a share
capital of up to Rs. 1 lakh of the company as of the date.

166 S HARES HELD BY INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS WITH SHARE CAPITAL EXCEEDING RS. 1 LAKH

Indicator : Shares held by individual investors with share capital exceeding Rs. 1 lakh
Field : non_inst_indiv_more_1lakh_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by non-promoter individual investors with share
capital exceeding Rs. 1 lakh of the company as of the date.

S HARES HELD BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN NON - INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS 167

Indicator : Shares held by qualified foreign non-instituitional investors
Field : non_inst_qfi_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company that are held by non-promoter non-institutional
Qualified Foreign Investors(QFI) as of the date.

168 S HARES HELD BY OTHER INVESTORS

Indicator : Shares held by other investors
Field : non_inst_others_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by other non-promoter investors of the company
as of the date. These are non-institutional non-promoter shareholders of the company that cannot be classified as
corporate bodies or individuals.

S HARES HELD BY CUSTODIANS 169

Indicator : Shares held by custodians
Field : custodians_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held by the custodians as of the date.
Custodian means ‘custodian of securities’. Custodian of securities means any person who carries on or proposes to
carry on the business of providing custodial services of safekeeping of securities of a client and providing services
incidental thereto, and includes-
• Maintaining accounts of securities of a client
• Collecting the benefits or rights accruing to the client in respect of securities
• Keeping the client informed of the actions taken or to be taken by the issuer of securities, having a bearing on
the benefits or rights accruing to the client; and
• Maintaining and reconciling records of the above mentioned services.

170 S HARES HELD BY CUSTODIANS FOR PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares held by custodians for promoters
Field : custodians_prom_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers

S HARES HELD BY CUSTODIANS FOR NON - PROMOTERS 171

Indicator : Shares held by custodians for non-promoters
Field : custodians_non_prom_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers

172 T OTAL EQUITY SHARES IN PER CENT.

Indicator : Total equity shares in per cent.
Field : total_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the per cent share of the total number of equity shares of the company outstanding as of the
date. This value is always 100.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY PROMOTERS 173

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by promoters
Field : promoters_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by the promoters of the com-
pany as of the date. It includes Indian and foreign promoters and groups of like-minded individuals as promoters.
SEBI describes a promoter as “the person or persons who are in control of the company, directly or indirectly,
whether as shareholder, director or otherwise; or person or persons named as promoters in any document of offer
of securities to the public or existing shareholders or in the shareholding pattern, disclosed by the company under
the provisions of the Listing Agreement”.

174 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY I NDIAN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by Indian promoters
Field : indian_promoters_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by the Indian promoters of
the company as of the date.
These are Indian individuals, Hindu Undivided Families, Central and State governments, corporate bodies, financial
institutions and banks and other Indian promoters.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY I NDIAN INDIVIDUALS AND HINDU UNDIVIDED FAMILIES AS PROMOTERS
175

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by Indian individuals and hindu undivided families as
promoters
Field : ind_prom_indiv_huf_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by Indian individuals and
Hindu Undivided Families as Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

176 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by central and state government/s as promoters
Field : ind_prom_govt_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by the Central and state
government/s as Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY I NDIAN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS 177

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by Indian corporate bodies as promoters
Field : ind_prom_corp_bodies_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by Indian corporate bodies
as promoters of the company as of the date.
A corporate body is an organisation or group of persons that act as an entity. For example: associations, trusts,
partnerships or any other type of entity.

178 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by financial institutions and banks as promoters
Field : ind_prom_fi_banks_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by financial institutions and
banks as Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY OTHER PROMOTERS 179

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by other promoters
Field : ind_prom_others_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by other Indian promoters
Indian promoters that cannot be classified as Indian individuals, HUF, Central and State government, corporate
bodies, financial institutions and banks are classified as other promoters.

180 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by foreign promoters
Field : frgn_promoters_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by the foreign promoters of

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN INDIVIDUALS ( INCLUDING NRI S ) AS PROMOTERS 181

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by foreign individuals (including NRIs) as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_indiv_nri_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by foreign individuals as
Individual means a person a who is a shareholder.

182 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by foreign corporate bodies as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_corp_bodies_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by foreign corporate bodies
A foreign corporate body is a foreign organisation or group of foreign persons that act as an entity. These are
foreign corporate bodies other than foreign institutions.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS AS PROMOTERS 183

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by foreign institutions as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_institutions_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by foreign institutions as
"Foreign Institutional Investor" means an institution established or incorporated outside India which proposes to
make investment in India in securities. For example: hedge funds, insurance companies, pension funds, etc.

184 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN PROMOTER INVESTORS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by qualified foreign promoter investors
Field : frgn_prom_qfi_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by ’Qualified Foregin
Investors(QFI)’ as promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY OTHER FOREIGN PROMOTERS 185

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by other foreign promoters
Field : frgn_prom_others_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by other foreign promoters
These foreign promoters are promoters other than foreign individuals, foreign corporate bodies and foreign institu-
tions.

186 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY GROUPS OF LIKE - MINDED INDIVIDUALS AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by groups of like-minded individuals as promoters
Field : persons_concert_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by groups of like-minded
individuals as promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY NON - PROMOTERS 187

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by non-promoters
Field : non_promoters_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by investors that do not get
classified as promoters of the company as of the date. It includes shareholding by institutional and non-institutional
non-promoter investors.

188 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY INSTITUTIONS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by institutions as non-promoters
Field : institutions_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by institutions as non-
promoters of the company as of the date. These are financial institutions and governments. The former includes
mutual funds, banks, insurance companies, foreign institutional investors and venture capital funds.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY MUTUAL FUNDS AND UTI AS NON - PROMOTER 189

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter
Field : mfunds_uti_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by mutual
funds and The Unit Trust of India as non-promoters as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY BANKS , FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS , AND INSURANCE COS . AS
190 NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as
non-promoters
Field : banks_fi_insure_govt_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by banks,
financial institutions and insurance companies as non-promoters as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY INSURANCE COMPANIES AS NON - PROMOTERS 191

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by insurance companies as non-promoters
Field : insurance_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by insurance
companies as non-promoters as of the date.

192 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters
Field : fi_banks_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by financial
institutions and banks as non-promoters as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS NON - PROMOTERS 193

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by central and state government/s as non-promoters
Field : govt_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by the Central and State
government/s as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

194 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by foreign institutional investors as non-promoters
Field : fii_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by foreign
institutional investors as of the date.
Financial Institutional Investors(FIIs) means an institution established or incorporated outside India which proposes

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS AS NON - PROMOTERS 195

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by venture capital funds as non-promoters
Field : venture_cap_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by venture
capital funds as of the date.
Venture capital investors are early investors of the company. Their investment in the company is secured by a
substantial ownership position in the business. These are venture capital funds other than foreign venture capital
investors.

196 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters
Field : frgn_venture_cap_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by foreign
venture capital investors as of the date.
substantial ownership position in the business. Venture capital investors which are located outside India are called
’Foreign venture capital investors’.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY OTHER INSTITUTIONS AS NON - PROMOTERS 197

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by other institutions as non-promoters
Field : other_inst_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by other
institutions as of the date.
’Other institutional non-promoters’ are non-promoter share holders that cannot be classified as mutual funds/UTI,

198 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY NON - INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by non-institutional investors
Field : non_institutions_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by the non-promoter investors
of the company as of the date. These are share holders that do not get classified as institutions. These are corporate
bodies and individual investors.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY CORPORATE BODIES AS INVESTORS 199

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by corporate bodies as investors
Field : non_inst_corp_bodies_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) that are held by non-promoter corporate
bodies as investors of the company as of the date. A corporate body is an organisation or group of persons that act
as an entity. For example: associations, trusts, partnerships or any other type of entity.

200 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by individual investors
Field : non_inst_indiv_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by individual
non-promoter investors as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS WITH A SHARE CAPITAL OF UP TO R S . 1 LAKH201

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by individual investors with a share capital of up to Rs. 1
lakh
Field : non_inst_indiv_upto_1lakh_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
non-promoter investors with a share capital of up to Rs. 1 lakh as of the date.

202
P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS WITH SHARE CAPITAL EXCEEDING RS. 1 LAKH

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by individual investors with share capital exceeding Rs.
1 lakh
Field : non_inst_indiv_more_1lakh_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
non-promoter investors with share capital exceeding Rs. 1 lakh as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN NON - INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS 203

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by qualified foreign non-instituitional investors
Field : non_inst_qfi_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by non-
promoter non-institutional Qualified Foreign Investors(QFI) as of the date.

204 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY OTHER INVESTORS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by other investors
Field : non_inst_others_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by other
non-promoter investors as of the date.
These are non-institutional non-promoter shareholders of the company that cannot be classified as corporate bodies
or individuals.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY CUSTODIANS 205

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by custodians
Field : custodians_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by the
custodians as of the date.
• Maintaining and reconciling records of the above mentioned services .

206 P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY CUSTODIANS FOR PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by custodians for promoters
Field : custodians_prom_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY CUSTODIANS FOR NON - PROMOTERS 207

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by custodians for non-promoters
Field : custodians_non_prom_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

208 T OTAL NUMBER OF DEMAT SHARES

Indicator : Total number of demat shares
Field : total_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the total number of equity shares of the company in dematerialised form as of the date. This
data is provided by the stock exchange.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY PROMOTERS 209

Indicator : Demat shares held by promoters
Field : promoters_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by the Indian promoters of
the company as of the date. It includes Indian and foreign promoters and groups of like-minded individuals as
promoters.
whether as share holder, director or otherwise; or person or persons named as promoters in any document of offer
the provisions of the Listing Agreement".

210 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY I NDIAN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by Indian promoters
Field : indian_promoters_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by the Indian promoters of

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY I NDIAN INDIVIDUALS AND HINDU UNDIVIDED FAMILIES AS PROMOTERS 211

Indicator : Demat shares held by Indian individuals and hindu undivided families as
promoters
Field : ind_prom_indiv_huf_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by Indian individuals and
Hindu Undivided Families as Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

212 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by central and state government/s as promoters
Field : ind_prom_govt_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by the Central and state
government/s as Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY I NDIAN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS 213

Indicator : Demat shares held by Indian corporate bodies as promoters
Field : ind_prom_corp_bodies_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by Indian corporate bodies as
Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

214 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by financial institutions and banks as promoters
Field : ind_prom_fi_banks_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by financial institutions and
banks as Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY OTHER PROMOTERS 215

Indicator : Demat shares held by other promoters
Field : ind_prom_others_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by other Indian promoters of

216 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by foreign promoters
Field : frgn_promoters_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by the foreign promoters of

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN INDIVIDUALS ( INCLUDING NRI S ) AS PROMOTERS 217

Indicator : Demat shares held by foreign individuals (including NRIs) as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_indiv_nri_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by foreign individuals as

218 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by foreign corporate bodies as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_corp_bodies_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by foreign corporate bodies

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS AS PROMOTERS 219

Indicator : Demat shares held by foreign institutions as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_institutions_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by foreign institutions as

220 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN PROMOTER INVESTORS

Indicator : Demat shares held by qualified foreign promoter investors
Field : frgn_prom_qfi_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by ‘Qualified Foreign In-
vestors(QFI)’ as promoters of the company as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY OTHER FOREIGN PROMOTERS 221

Indicator : Demat shares held by other foreign promoters
Field : frgn_prom_others_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by other foreign promoters of
tions.

222 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY GROUPS OF LIKE - MINDED INDIVIDUALS AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by groups of like-minded individuals as promoters
Field : persons_concert_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by like-minded individuals as
promotersof the company as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY NON - PROMOTERS 223

Indicator : Demat shares held by non-promoters
Field : non_promoters_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by investors that do not get
classified as promoters of the company as of the date. It includes shareholding by institutional and non-institutional
non-promoter investors.

224 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY INSTITUTIONS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by institutions as non-promoters
Field : institutions_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by institutions as non-
promoters of the company as of the date. These are financial institutions and governments. The former includes
mutual funds, banks, insurance companies, foreign institutional investors and venture capital funds.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY MUTUAL FUNDS AND UTI AS NON - PROMOTER 225

Indicator : Demat shares held by mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter
Field : mfunds_uti_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by mutual funds and The
Unit Trust of India as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

226 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY BANKS , FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS , AND INSURANCE COS . AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as
non-promoters
Field : banks_fi_insure_govt_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by banks, financial institutions
and insurance companies as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY INSURANCE COMPANIES AS NON - PROMOTERS 227

Indicator : Demat shares held by insurance companies as non-promoters
Field : insurance_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by insurance companies as

228 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters
Field : fi_banks_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by financial institutions and
banks as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS NON - PROMOTERS 229

Indicator : Demat shares held by central and state government/s as non-promoters
Field : govt_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by the Central and State
government/s as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

230 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by foreign institutional investors as non-promoters
Field : fii_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company that are held in dematerialised form by foreign
institutional investors as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS AS NON - PROMOTERS 231

Indicator : Demat shares held by venture capital funds as non-promoters
Field : venture_cap_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company that are held in dematerialised form by venture
capital funds other than foreign venture capital funds as of the date.
investors.

232 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY FOREIGN VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters
Field : frgn_venture_cap_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company, that are held in dematerialised form by foreign
venture capital investors as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS 233

Indicator : Demat shares held by qualified foreign instituitional investors
Field : inst_qfi_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company, that are held in dematerialised form by non-
promoter institutional Qualified Foreign Investors(QFI) as of the date.

234 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY OTHER INSTITUTIONS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by other institutions as non-promoters
Field : other_inst_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company that are held in dematerialised form by other
institutions as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY NON - INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS 235

Indicator : Demat shares held by non-institutional investors
Field : non_institutions_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by the non-promoter investors
of the company as of the date. These are share holders that do not get classified as institutions. These are corporate
bodies and individual investors.

236 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY CORPORATE BODIES AS INVESTORS

Indicator : Demat shares held by corporate bodies as investors
Field : non_inst_corp_bodies_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by corporate bodies as non-
promoter investors of the company as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS 237

Indicator : Demat shares held by individual investors
Field : non_inst_indiv_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by the individual non-promoter
investors of the company as of the date.

238 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS WITH A SHARE CAPITAL OF UP TO RS. 1 LAKH

Indicator : Demat shares held by individual investors with a share capital of up to Rs. 1 lakh
Field : non_inst_indiv_upto_1lakh_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company that are held in dematerialised form by individual
non-promoter investors with a share capital of upto Rs. 1 lakh as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS WITH SHARE CAPITAL EXCEEDING RS. 1 LAKH 239

Indicator : Demat shares held by individual investors with share capital exceeding Rs. 1 lakh
Field : non_inst_indiv_more_1lakh_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company that are held in dematerialised form by individual
non-promoter investors with a share capital exceeding Rs. 1 lakh as of the date.

240 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN NON - INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS

Indicator : Demat shares held by qualified foreign non-instituitional investors
Field : non_inst_qfi_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company, that are held in dematerialised form by non-
promoter non-institutional Qualified Foreign Investors(QFI) as of the date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY OTHER INVESTORS 241

Indicator : Demat shares held by other investors
Field : non_inst_others_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by other non-promoter in-
vestors of the company as of the date.
or individuals.

242 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY CUSTODIANS

Indicator : Demat shares held by custodians
Field : custodians_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are held in dematerialised form by the custodians as of the
date.

D EMAT SHARES HELD BY CUSTODIANS FOR PROMOTERS 243

Indicator : Demat shares held by custodians for promoters
Field : custodians_prom_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers

244 D EMAT SHARES HELD BY CUSTODIANS FOR NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Demat shares held by custodians for non-promoters
Field : custodians_non_prom_demat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers

T OTAL NUMBER OF INDIVIDUAL SHAREHOLDERS 245

Indicator : Total number of individual shareholders
Field : total_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the total number of individual investors as of the date. This data is provided by the stock
exchange.

246 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in promoters
Field : promoters_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are the promoters of the company as of the date. It includes
Indian and foreign promoters and groups of like-minded individuals as promoters.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN I NDIAN PROMOTERS 247

Indicator : Number of individual holders in Indian promoters
Field : indian_promoters_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are the Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN I NDIAN INDIVIDUALS AND HINDU UNDIVIDED FAMILIES AS
248 PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in Indian individuals and hindu undivided families
as promoters
Field : ind_prom_indiv_huf_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are Indian individuals and Hindu Undivided Families as Indian

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS PROMOTERS 249

Indicator : Number of individual holders in central and state government/s as promoters
Field : ind_prom_govt_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are the Central and state government/s as promoters of the

250 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN I NDIAN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in Indian corporate bodies as promoters
Field : ind_prom_corp_bodies_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are Indian corporate bodies as Indian promoters of the company
as of the date.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS PROMOTERS 251

Indicator : Number of individual holders in financial institutions and banks as promoters
Field : ind_prom_fi_banks_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are financial institutions and banks as promoters of the company
as of the date.

252 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN OTHER PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in other promoters
Field : ind_prom_others_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are other Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN FOREIGN PROMOTERS 253

Indicator : Number of individual holders in foreign promoters
Field : frgn_promoters_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are the foreign promoters of the company as of the date.

254 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN FOREIGN INDIVIDUALS ( INCLUDING NRI S ) AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in foreign individuals (including NRIs) as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_indiv_nri_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are foreign individuals as promoters of the company as of the
date.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN FOREIGN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS 255

Indicator : Number of individual holders in foreign corporate bodies as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_corp_bodies_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are foreign corporate bodies as promoters of the company as of
the date.

256 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in foreign institutions as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_institutions_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are foreign institutions as promoters of the company as of the
date.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN QUALIFIED FOREIGN PROMOTER INVESTORS 257

Indicator : Number of individual holders in qualified foreign promoter investors
Field : frgn_prom_qfi_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are ‘Qualified Foreign Investors(QFI)’ as promoters of the com-
pany as of the date.

258 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN OTHER FOREIGN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in other foreign promoters
Field : frgn_prom_others_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are other foreign promoters of the company as of the date.
tions.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN GROUPS OF LIKE - MINDED INDIVIDUALS AS PROMOTERS 259

Indicator : Number of individual holders in groups of like-minded individuals as promoters
Field : persons_concert_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are groups of like-minded individuals as promoters of the com-

260 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in non-promoters
Field : non_promoters_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are non-promoters of the company as of a date. These are investors
do not get classified as promoters of the company as of the date. It includes institutional and non-institutional non-
promoter investors.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN INSTITUTIONS AS NON - PROMOTERS 261

Indicator : Number of individual holders in institutions as non-promoters
Field : institutions_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are institutions as non-promoters of the company as of the date.
These are financial institutions and governments. The former includes mutual funds, banks, insurance companies,
foreign institutional investors and venture capital funds.

262 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN MUTUAL FUNDS AND UTI AS NON - PROMOTER

Indicator : Number of individual holders in mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter
Field : mfunds_uti_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field stores the number of mutual funds who are non-promoters of the company as of the date.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN BANKS , FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS , AND INSURANCE COS . AS
NON - PROMOTERS 263

Indicator : Number of individual holders in banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as
non-promoters
Field : banks_fi_insure_govt_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are banks, financial institutions and insurance companies as

264 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN INSURANCE COMPANIES AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in insurance companies as non-promoters
Field : insurance_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are insurance companies as non-promoters of the company as of
the date.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS NON - PROMOTERS 265

Indicator : Number of individual holders in financial institutions and banks as non-promoters
Field : fi_banks_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are financial institutions and banks as non-promoters of the

266 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in central and state government/s as non-promoters
Field : govt_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are the Central and State government/s as non-promoters of the

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS 267

Indicator : Number of individual holders in foreign institutional investors as non-promoters
Field : fii_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors of the company who are foreign institutional investors as of the date.

268 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in venture capital funds as non-promoters
Field : venture_cap_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors of the company, who are venture capital funds as of the date.
investors.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN FOREIGN VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS 269

Indicator : Number of individual holders in foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters
Field : frgn_venture_cap_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors of the company who are foreign venture capital investors as of the
date.

270 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN QUALIFIED FOREIGN INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in qualified foreign instituitional investors
Field : inst_qfi_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors of the company who are non-promoter institutional Qualified Foreign
Investors(QFI) as of the date.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN OTHER INSTITUTIONS AS NON - PROMOTERS 271

Indicator : Number of individual holders in other institutions as non-promoters
Field : other_inst_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors of the company, who are other institutions as non-promoters of the

272 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN NON - INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in non-institutional investors
Field : non_institutions_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are the non-promoter investors of the company as of the date.
These are share holders that do not get classified as institutions. These are corporate bodies and individual investors.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN CORPORATE BODIES AS INVESTORS 273

Indicator : Number of individual holders in corporate bodies as investors
Field : non_inst_corp_bodies_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are corporate bodies as non-promoter investors of the company as
of the date. A corporate body is an organisation or group of persons that act as an entity. For example: associations,
trusts, partnerships or any other type of entity.

274 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in individual investors
Field : non_inst_indiv_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are individual non-promoter investors of the company as of the
date.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS WITH A SHARE CAPITAL OF UP TO RS. 1
LAKH 275

Indicator : Number of individual holders in individual investors with a share capital of up to
Rs. 1 lakh
Field : non_inst_indiv_upto_1lakh_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are non-promoter individual investors with a share capital of up
to Rs. 1 lakh of the company as of the date.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS WITH SHARE CAPITAL EXCEEDING RS. 1
276 LAKH

Indicator : Number of individual holders in individual investors with share capital exceeding
Rs. 1 lakh
Field : non_inst_indiv_more_1lakh_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are non-promoter individual investors with share capital exceed-
ing Rs. 1 lakh of the company as of the date.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN QUALIFIED FOREIGN NON - INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS 277

Indicator : Number of individual holders in qualified foreign non-instituitional investors
Field : non_inst_qfi_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors of the company who are non-promoter non-institutional Qualified
Foreign Investors(QFI) as of the date.

278 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN OTHER INVESTORS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in other investors
Field : non_inst_others_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of investors who are other non-promoter investors of the company as of the date.
or individuals.

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN CUSTODIANS 279

Indicator : Number of individual holders in custodians
Field : custodians_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of custodians as of the date.

280 N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN CUSTODIANS FOR PROMOTERS

Indicator : Number of individual holders in custodians for promoters
Field : custodians_prom_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers

N UMBER OF INDIVIDUAL HOLDERS IN CUSTODIANS FOR NON - PROMOTERS 281

Indicator : Number of individual holders in custodians for non-promoters
Field : custodians_non_prom_no_of
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers

282 T OTAL NUMBER OF SHARES PLEDGED .

Indicator : Total number of shares pledged.
Field : total_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the total number of equity shares that have been pledged as of the date. This data is provided
by the stock exchange.
Pledging of shares is a transfer of shares by the share holder in the possession, but not ownership, of another party
for a particular purpose. The most common purpose is to raise money. Once the loan is repaid, the shares are
redelivered to the share holder. The pledged shares act as a collateral for the loan taken by the share holder.

S HARES PLEDGED BY PROMOTERS 283

Indicator : Shares pledged by promoters
Field : promoters_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by the promoters of the company as of the date.
It includes Indian and foreign promoters and groups of like-minded individuals as promoters.

284 S HARES PLEDGED BY I NDIAN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by Indian promoters
Field : indian_promoters_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by the Indian promoters of the company as of the
date.

S HARES PLEDGED BY I NDIAN INDIVIDUALS AND HINDU UNDIVIDED FAMILIES AS PROMOTERS 285

Indicator : Shares pledged by Indian individuals and hindu undivided families as promoters
Field : ind_prom_indiv_huf_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by Indian individuals and Hindu Undivided
Families as Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

286 S HARES PLEDGED BY CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by central and state government/s as promoters
Field : ind_prom_govt_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by the Central and state government/s as Indian

S HARES PLEDGED BY I NDIAN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS 287

Indicator : Shares pledged by Indian corporate bodies as promoters
Field : ind_prom_corp_bodies_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by Indian corporate bodies as promoters of the

288 S HARES PLEDGED BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by financial institutions and banks as promoters
Field : ind_prom_fi_banks_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by financial institutions and banks as Indian

S HARES PLEDGED BY OTHER PROMOTERS 289

Indicator : Shares pledged by other promoters
Field : ind_prom_others_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by other Indian promoters of the company as of
the date.

290 S HARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by foreign promoters
Field : frgn_promoters_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by the foreign promoters of the company as of
the date.

S HARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN INDIVIDUALS ( INCLUDING NRI S ) AS PROMOTERS 291

Indicator : Shares pledged by foreign individuals (including NRIs) as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_indiv_nri_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by foreign individuals as promoters of the com-

292 S HARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by foreign corporate bodies as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_corp_bodies_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by foreign corporate bodies as promoters of the

S HARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS AS PROMOTERS 293

Indicator : Shares pledged by foreign institutions as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_institutions_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by foreign institutions as promoters of the com-

294 S HARES PLEDGED BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN PROMOTER INVESTORS

Indicator : Shares pledged by qualified foreign promoter investors
Field : frgn_prom_qfi_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by ‘Qualified foreign Investors(QFI)’ as promoters

S HARES PLEDGED BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS 295

Indicator : Shares pledged by qualified foreign instituitional investors
Field : inst_qfi_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company, that are pledged by non-promoter institutional
Qualified Foreign Investors(QFI) as of the date.

296 S HARES PLEDGED BY OTHER FOREIGN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by other foreign promoters
Field : frgn_prom_others_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by other foreign promoters of the company as of
the date.
tions.

S HARES PLEDGED BY NON - PROMOTERS 297

Indicator : Shares pledged by non-promoters
Field : non_promoters_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged non-promoter investors. These are investors
that do not get classified as promoters of the company as of the date. It includes shares pledged by non-promoter
institutional investors.

298 S HARES PLEDGED BY INSTITUTIONS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by institutions as non-promoters
Field : institutions_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by institutions as non-promoters of the company
as of the date. These are financial institutions and governments. The former includes mutual funds, banks, insurance
companies, foreign institutional investors and venture capital funds.

S HARES PLEDGED BY MUTUAL FUNDS AND UTI AS NON - PROMOTER 299

Indicator : Shares pledged by mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter
Field : mfunds_uti_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by the mutual funds and The Unit Trust of India
as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

300 S HARES PLEDGED BY BANKS , FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS , AND INSURANCE COS . AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as
non-promoters
Field : banks_fi_insure_govt_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by banks, financial institutions and insurance
companies as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

S HARES PLEDGED BY INSURANCE COMPANIES AS NON - PROMOTERS 301

Indicator : Shares pledged by insurance companies as non-promoters
Field : insurance_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by insurance companies as non-promoters of the

302 S HARES PLEDGED BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters
Field : fi_banks_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by financial institutions and banks as non-

S HARES PLEDGED BY CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS NON - PROMOTERS 303

Indicator : Shares pledged by central and state government/s as non-promoters
Field : govt_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares that are pledged by the Central and State government/s as non-

304 S HARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by foreign institutional investors as non-promoters
Field : fii_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company, that are pledged by foreign institutional investors
as of the date.

S HARES PLEDGED BY VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS AS NON - PROMOTERS 305

Indicator : Shares pledged by venture capital funds as non-promoters
Field : venture_cap_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company, that are pledged by venture capital funds as of
the date.
investors.

306 S HARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters
Field : frgn_venture_cap_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company, that are pledged by foreign venture capital
investors as of the date.

S HARES PLEDGED BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN NON - INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS 307

Indicator : Shares pledged by qualified foreign non-instituitional investors
Field : non_inst_qfi_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers

308 S HARES PLEDGED BY OTHER INSTITUTIONS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged by other institutions as non-promoters
Field : other_inst_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares of the company, that are pledged by other institutions non-
promoters as of the date.

S HARES PLEDGED WHICH ARE HELD BY CUSTODIANS 309

Indicator : Shares pledged which are held by custodians
Field : custodians_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers

310 S HARES PLEDGED WHICH ARE HELD BY CUSTODIANS FOR PROMOTERS

Indicator : Shares pledged which are held by custodians for promoters
Field : custodians_prom_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers

S HARES PLEDGED WHICH ARE HELD BY CUSTODIANS FOR NON - PROMOTERS 311

Indicator : Shares pledged which are held by custodians for non-promoters
Field : custodians_non_prom_plg_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers

312 T OTAL OF SHARES PLEDGED IN PER CENT.

Indicator : Total of shares pledged in per cent.
Field : total_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the per cent share of the holders total number of equity shares that have been pledged as of the
date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY PROMOTERS 313

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by promoters
Field : promoters_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent of their holdings) that are pledged by
the promoters of the company as of the date. It includes Indian and foreign promoters and groups of like-minded
individuals as promoters.

314 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY I NDIAN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by Indian promoters
Field : indian_promoters_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent of their holdings) that are pledged by the

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY I NDIAN INDIVIDUALS AND HINDU UNDIVIDED FAMILIES AS
PROMOTERS 315

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by Indian individuals and hindu undivided families
as promoters
Field : ind_prom_indiv_huf_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Indian individuals and Hindu Undivided Families as Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

316 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by central and state government/s as promoters
Field : ind_prom_govt_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Central and state government/s as Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY I NDIAN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS 317

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by Indian corporate bodies as promoters
Field : ind_prom_corp_bodies_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Indian corporate bodies as promoters of the company as of the date.

318 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by financial institutions and banks as promoters
Field : ind_prom_fi_banks_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
financial institutions and banks as Indian promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN PROMOTER INVESTORS 319

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by qualified foreign promoter investors
Field : frgn_prom_qfi_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
‘Qualified Foreign Investors(QFI)’ as promoters of the company as of the date.

320 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY OTHER PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by other promoters
Field : ind_prom_others_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent of their holdings) that are pledged by other

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN PROMOTERS 321

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by foreign promoters
Field : frgn_promoters_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
foreign promoters of the company as of the date.

322 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN INDIVIDUALS ( INCLUDING NRI S ) AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by foreign individuals (including NRIs) as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_indiv_nri_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
foreign individuals as promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN CORPORATE BODIES AS PROMOTERS 323

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by foreign corporate bodies as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_corp_bodies_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
foreign corporate bodies as promoters of the company as of the date.

324 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN INSTITUTIONS AS PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by foreign institutions as promoters
Field : frgn_prom_institutions_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
foreign institutions as promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS 325

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by qualified foreign instituitional investors
Field : inst_qfi_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent of their holdings) of the company, that are
pledged by non-promoter institutional Qualified Foreign Investors(QFI) as of the date.

326 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY OTHER FOREIGN PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by other foreign promoters
Field : frgn_prom_others_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
foreign promoters of the company as of the date.
tions.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY NON - PROMOTERS 327

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by non-promoters
Field : non_promoters_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
non-promoter investors. These are investors that do not get classified as promoters of the company as of the date.
It includes shares pledged by non-promoter institutional investors.

328 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY INSTITUTIONS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by institutions as non-promoters
Field : institutions_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
institutions as non-promoters of the company as of the date. These are financial institutions and governments.
The former includes mutual funds, banks, insurance companies, foreign institutional investors and venture capital
funds.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY MUTUAL FUNDS AND UTI AS NON - PROMOTER 329

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by mutual funds and UTI as non-promoter
Field : mfunds_uti_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
mutual funds and The Unit Trust of India as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY BANKS , FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS , AND INSURANCE COS . AS
330 NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by banks, financial institutions, and insurance cos. as
non-promoters
Field : banks_fi_insure_govt_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
banks, financial institutions and insurance companies as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY INSURANCE COMPANIES AS NON - PROMOTERS 331

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by insurance companies as non-promoters
Field : insurance_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
insurance companies as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

332 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BANKS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters
Field : fi_banks_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
financial institutions and banks as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENT / S AS NON - PROMOTERS 333

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by central and state government/s as non-promoters
Field : govt_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Central and State government/s as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

334 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by foreign institutional investors as non-promoters
Field : fii_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent of their holdings) of the company that are
pledged by foreign institutional investors as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDS AS NON - PROMOTERS 335

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by venture capital funds as non-promoters
Field : venture_cap_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
pledged by venture capital funds as non-promoters of the company as of the date.
investors.

336 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY FOREIGN VENTURE CAPITAL INVESTORS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by foreign venture capital investors as non-promoters
Field : frgn_venture_cap_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
pledged by foreign venture capital investors as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES HELD BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS 337

Indicator : Proportion of shares held by qualified foreign instituitional investors
Field : inst_qfi_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in terms of per cent) of the company, that are held by non-
promoter institutional Qualified Foreign Investors(QFI) as of the date.

338 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY OTHER INSTITUTIONS AS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by other institutions as non-promoters
Field : other_inst_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
institutions as non-promoters of the company as of the date.

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED BY QUALIFIED FOREIGN NON - INSTITUITIONAL INVESTORS 339

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged by qualified foreign non-instituitional investors
Field : non_inst_qfi_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

340 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED OF THOSE HELD BY CUSTODIANS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged of those held by custodians
Field : custodians_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED OF THOSE HELD BY CUSTODIANS FOR PROMOTERS 341

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged of those held by custodians for promoters
Field : custodians_prom_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

342 P ROPORTION OF SHARES PLEDGED OF THOSE HELD BY CUSTODIANS NON - PROMOTERS

Indicator : Proportion of shares pledged of those held by custodians non-promoters
Field : custodians_non_prom_plg_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

N OTES IN SHAREHOLDING PATTERN 343

Indicator : Notes in shareholding pattern
Field : shp_notes
Unit : Text
Description:
This field stores the notes, as given by the company when it releases its shareholding pattern data.

344 S OURCE FROM WHERE DATA IS CAPTURED

Indicator : Source from where data is captured
Field : shp_source_name
Unit : Text
Description:
This field stores the name of the source from where the shareholding data is captured. The source could be the BSE
or the NSE website.

S OURCE FROM WHERE DATA IS CAPTURED 345
Chapter 6
Equity Ownership of Major Investors

Table : Equity Ownership of Major Investors

Field : hpc_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:


Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

348 DATE

Indicator : Date
Field : hpc_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
Listed companies provide the share holding data on a quarterly basis. This datafield stores the date for which the
equity shareholding data of promoters & major investors is available.

T YPE OF SHARES 349

Indicator : Type of shares
Field : holder_type
Unit : Text
Description:
A shareholder could be a promoter or a non-promoter. And, a shareholder’s shares could be locked-in. This data
field classifies the shares of a shareholder as being those of a promoter or a non-promoter and also whether they
are locked in.
This data field therefore contains one of the following three entries – promoter, non-promoter or locked-in. Locked
in shares could be of promoters or non-promoters. A further break-up of these – i.e. locked in shares classified as
promoter or non-promoters is not available. An entry which is either “promoter” or “non-promoter” implies that
the concerned shares include locked in and not locked in shares, if any.
According to ‘(Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000’, the minimum promoters’ contribution shall
be locked in. To ensure that the promoters maintain some minimum percentage in the company after the public
issue of shares, SEBI has mandated a freeze(lock) on the minimum contribution of promoters.

350 S HAREHOLDER NAME

Indicator : Shareholder name
Field : holder_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

N UMBER OF SHARES 351

Indicator : Number of shares
Field : shares_hld_nos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of equity shares held by the specific shareholder as of the date.
These are major investors of the company. ‘Major investors’ mean shareholders who hold more than one percent
shares of the company.

352 P ERCENTAGE OF SHARES

Indicator : Percentage of shares
Field : shares_hld_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the proportion of equity shares (in per cent) held by the specific shareholder in relation to the
total outstanding shares.
These are equity shares of major investors as disclosed by the company in its quarterly shareholding disclosure.
‘Major investors’ mean shareholders who hold more than one percent shares of the company.

N UMBER OF SHARES IN DEMAT FORM 353

Indicator : Number of shares in demat form
Field : demat_shares_hld_nos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of share in dematerialised form. These are the demat shares held by major investors
of the company. ‘Major investors’ mean shareholders who hold more than one percent shares of the company.

354 N UMBER OF SHARE HOLDERS

Indicator : Number of share holders
Field : no_of_holders
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of major equity share holders of the company as of the date. ‘Major equity share
holders’ mean shareholders who hold more than one percent shares of the company.

N UMBER OF SHARES PLEDGED 355

Indicator : Number of shares pledged
Field : plg_shares_nos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores the number of shares that are pledged by the major investors of the company as of the date.

356 P ERCENTAGE OF SHARES PLEDGED

Indicator : Percentage of shares pledged
Field : plg_shares_pct_total
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
specific shareholder of the company as of the date.
These are equity shares of major investors as disclosed by the company in its quarterly shareholding disclosure.

P ERCENTAGE OF SHARES PLEDGED 357
Chapter 7
Board Meetings

Table : Board Meetings

Field : boardmt_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:


Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

360 E XCHANGE NAME

Indicator : Exchange name
Field : bm_announcement_exch
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores the name of the stock exchange on whose website the announcement of the board meeting
was made.

DATE 361

Indicator : Date
Field : bm_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This data field stores the date on which the board meeting is (or was) scheduled to take place. This is the date of
the meeting as sourced from the stock exchange announcement. Listed companies have to provide information on
board meetings to the stock exchanges who in turn publish this information on their websites.

362 A BBREVIATED PURPOSE

Indicator : Abbreviated purpose
Field : bm_abbv_purpose
Unit : Text
Description:
This datafield stores the abbreviated term for the purpose of the meeting. The abbreviations are created by CMIE
from the information provided by the stock exchange. The list of abbreviations in use is listed below.
Abbreviation Purpose
ABC Annual Book Closure

ACAP to increase Authorised Capital
ACQS Acquisition
ACT Accounts
AGM Annual General Meeting
ALLOTWARRANT Allotment of share Warrants
ALTER Alteration of memorandum of association
AMAL Amalgamation
APPOINT Appointment of director & auditor
AU Audited results
BCC Book Closure Cancelled
BOARDMEET Boardmeeting
BON Bonus
BUY Buy Back of shares
CONSOL Consolidation of shares
CONV Conversion of debenture and preference
shares
DEMAT Dematerialisation of shares
DEMERGER Demerger
DIV Dividend
DIVCANCELL Dividend Cancellation
DLST Delisting from exchange
EGM Extra Ordinary General Meeting
ESOP Employee Stock Option Plan
FORE Forfeiture of equity shares

A BBREVIATED PURPOSE 363
Abbreviation Purpose
GEN General
HIVE Hiving off a division into separate company
HYR Half Year results
IDIV Interim Dividend
JV Joint Venture
LISTING Listing of equity shares on regional stock ex-
change
Merg Merger
OTHR Others
PDIV Preference share dividend
PPL Preferential allotment
PROJ Project status
QRT Quarterly results
RDC Record Date Cancelled
Reappoint Reappointment
REDM Redemption
Resign Resignation
RTS Right issue of share
RUDCAP Reduction of Equity Capital
SIDIV Second Interim Dividend
SOA Scheme Of Arrangement
SPLIT Split in equity shares (decrease in face value)
SUBS Forming a Subsidiary
UNAU Unaudited financial results

364 P URPOSE OF MEETING

Indicator : Purpose of meeting
Field : bm_purpose
Unit : Text
Description:
This datafield gives a short description about the purpose of the board meeting. This information is carried in
Prowess as published by the company on the stock exchange website.

A NNOUNCEMENT DATE 365

Indicator : Announcement date
Field : bm_announcement_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This data field stores the date on which the announcement was made on the exchange regarding the board meeting
of a company. Companies are required to give intimation of a meeting at least seven calendar days prior to the
meeting. The seven days exclude the day of the meeting and the date of announcement

366 A NNOUNCEMENT DATE

A NNOUNCEMENT DATE 367
Chapter 8
Subsidiaries

Table : Subsidiaries
Field : sbshist_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:

Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

370 DATE
Indicator : Date
Field : sbshist_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This datafield stores the date as mentioned on the annual report.
Companies, as a part of related party disclosure, disclose the names of their subsidiaries in the annual report.
A subsidiary is an enterprise that is controlled by another enterprise(known as the parent).

NAME OF SUBSIDIARY 371
Indicator : Name of subsidiary
Field : subsi_name
Unit : Text
Description:
This field captures the name of the subsidiary of the company.
Companies, as a part of related party disclosure, disclose the names of their subsidiaries in the annual report.
A subsidiary is an enterprise that is controlled by another enterprise(known as the parent).

372 E FFECTIVE DATE
Indicator : Effective date
Field : subsi_effective_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This datafield stores the date since when the subsidiary was made a part of the parent company.

E FFECTIVE DATE 373
Chapter 9
Auditors

Table : Auditors
Field : audhist_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:

Table : Auditors
Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

376 DATE
Table : Auditors
Indicator : Date
Field : audhist_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This datafield stores the accounting year end of the company. It is the date as mentioned in the annual report.

AUDITOR 377
Table : Auditors
Indicator : Auditor
Field : auditor_name
Unit : Text
Description:
This datafield stores the name of the auditing firm of the company. The name of the auditor is captured from the
‘Auditors’ Report’ in the annual report.

378 PARTNER NAME
Table : Auditors
Indicator : Partner name
Field : auditor_partner_name
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores the name of partner of the auditing firm who signs the accounts of the company. The name of
the partner is disclosed in the ‘Auditors’ report’ of the annual report.

PARTNER NAME 379
Chapter 10
Bankers

Table : Bankers
Field : bnkhist_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:

Table : Bankers
Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

382 DATE
Table : Bankers
Indicator : Date
Field : bnkhist_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This datafield stores the date of the year-ending of the company’s Annual Report.

BANK 383
Table : Bankers
Indicator : Bank
Field : banker_name
Unit : Text
Description:
This datafield stores the name of the bank which is the banker to the company. A company may have more than
one banker.

384 O RDER
Table : Bankers
Indicator : Order
Field : bnkhist_order
Data Type : Number
Unit : Number
Description:
A company can have multiple bankers. This datafield stores a number that determines the order in which the banks
should appear in the output.

O RDER 385
Chapter 11
Related Party Transactions

Table : Related Party Transactions

Field : rpt_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code


Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

388 DATE

Indicator : Date
Field : rpt_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date

R ELATED PARTY TYPE 389

Indicator : Related party type
Field : rpt_party_type
Data Type :
Unit : Text

390 R ELATED PARTY TYPE NAME

Indicator : Related party type name
Field : related_party_type_mst
Data Type :
Unit : Text
Description:
Related party transaction is a business deal or arrangement between two parties (entities) that are connected to
each other by a relationship prior to the deal. This data field describes the relationship of the related party with the
company. The related party could be a key personnel of the company, relatives of key personnel or subsidiaries.
AS-18 issued by the ICAI describes the following related party relationship.
1. Enterprises that directly or indirectly control (through subsidiaries) or are controlled by or are under common
control with the reporting enterprise.
2. Associates, Joint ventures of the reporting entity; investing party or venturer in respect of which reporting
enterprise is an associate or a joint venture.
3. Individuals owning voting power giving control or significant influence.
4. Key management personnel and their relatives.
5. Enterprises over which any of the persons in (iii) or (iv) are able to exercise significant influence.

R ELATED PARTY NAME 391

Indicator : Related party name
Field : rpt_party_name
Data Type :
Unit : Text

392 T OTAL REVENUE RECEIPTS / INCOME

Indicator : Total revenue receipts/income
Field : rpt_income
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency Annualised
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 18 (AS-18) of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), if there have been
transactions between related parties, during the existence of a related party relationship, one of the requirements
from the reporting enterprise is to disclose a description of the nature of transactions.
The transactions could be receipts or expenses or it could be a capital transaction such as a borrowing.
Prowess database classifies receipts into Revenue receipts and Capital Receipts. Generally, Revenue receipts are
recurring in nature whereas Capital receipts are non-recurring in nature.
This data field is a sum of such Revenue receipts. In the Prowess database, ’Total revenue receipts/income’ is the
sum of the following related party transactions:
• Income from sale of goods
• Income from services
• Income from rent
• Income from interest
• Income from dividend
• Reimbursement of expenses by related parties
• Other income from related parties.
The data in each of these data fields is captured as available in the Annual Reports of the company.

I NCOME FROM SALE OF GOODS TO RELATED PARTIES 393

Indicator : Income from sale of goods to related parties
Field : rpt_goods_n_services_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
In general sense, a transaction between two parties where the buyer receives goods in exchange for money is called
sale of goods.
Similarly, this data field will include any such transactions with related parties wherein income has been generated
from sale of finished goods, sale of raw materials, sale of scrap and waste etc.
Since a company can generate revenues from a wide array of activities, it becomes necessary to differentiate
between income from sale of goods and income from services. In Prowess database, Income received for services
from related party is captured separately under ’Income from services to related parties’.
Also this data field does not include sale of capital goods. Sale of capital goods like plant, property and equipments
is covered separately under the head ’Total capital receipts’.
Let us say for instance, a company such as Ambuja Cements Ltd. having a related party transaction disclosed as
’sale of goods’ will be captured under this field while ’rendering of services’ and ’sale of fixed assets’ will not be
included in this field and captured elsewhere.

394 I NCOME FROM SERVICES TO RELATED PARTIES

Indicator : Income from services to related parties
Field : rpt_operating_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
In general sense, a transaction between two parties where the buyer receives services in exchange for money is
called income from services.
This income from services may be reported by companies as sale of services, services provided, services rendered,
job work charges received, revenue from services, sale of development rights, processing charges received, conver-
sion charges received etc. under related party disclosure in its annual reports. When a reporting company discloses
any such income then such transaction is captured under this data field in Prowess database.
However, in case of companies providing financial services, interest or dividend received from activities like lend-
ing money or investments are not captured under this field. They are captured seperately under ’Interest income
from related parties’ and ’Dividend income from related parties’ respectively.
Say I C I C I bank has reported interest income, dividend income and income on custodial services as related party
transacations. Here, income from custodial services will be captured under this data field where as interest income
and dividend income will not be included.

R ENT INCOME FROM RELATED PARTIES 395

Indicator : Rent income from related parties
Field : rpt_rent_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the rental income earned by companies by way of letting out land or other properties to
related parties. Storage income reported by companies is also included in this data field.
A rental agreement is distinct from a lease agreement. Income from either is covered by this data field.

396 I NTEREST INCOME FROM RELATED PARTIES

Indicator : Interest income from related parties
Field : rpt_interest_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
Generally, consideration received against Lending of money is referred as interest. We can say it as fees received
for the money lent. To the borrower it is the cost of renting money while for the lender its is income from lending.
Interest income is earned from investments as well that pay interest, such as in a savings account or certificate of
deposit.
When company disclose such interest income from related parties, it will be reported under this field.

D IVIDEND INCOME FROM RELATED PARTIES 397

Indicator : Dividend income from related parties
Field : rpt_dividend_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
A company earns dividend from its investments in an array of instruments, some of them being equity shares, mu-
tual funds and preference shares. Dividend is the distribution of profit to the shareholders or return on investments
made.
This field includes dividend income from any related party.

398 R EIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES BY RELATED PARTY

Indicator : Reimbursement of expenses by related party
Field : rpt_reimbursement_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
There may be instances wherein a company has receipts in the form of reimbursement for expenses which are
incurred by the company on behalf of the related parties in the course of performing a task for them. Such receipts
are captured under this field.
In general terms, the companies disclose such transactions as reimbursement of expenses received in their Annual
Reports under disclosure of related party transactions.
Conclusively, any inflow made in the form of reimbursement from the related parties will be captured in this data
field.

OTHER INCOME FROM RELATED PARTIES 399

Indicator : Other income from related parties
Field : rpt_other_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income that the company may have received from sources other than those mentioned in
the given field list of income.
Miscellaneous income, claims, discount received, bad debts recovered, profit on sale of fixed assets from related
party etc. will be captured under this field.
It would also include ’miscellaneous income’ or ’other income’ which is not explained any further under Related
party transaction disclosure in the annual report.

400 T OTAL REVENUE EXPENSES / PAYMENTS

Indicator : Total revenue expenses/payments
Field : rpt_total_expenses
Data Type : Number
Description:
This field captures the total expenses incurred by a company in context with the related party transactions. There
may occur certain transactions wherein a company makes payments to its related parties which are recurring in
nature. Such transactions are reported by the companies pursuant to the Accounting Standard - 18. The same is
captured in ProwessIQ under various child indicators of this field depending upon the nature of the transactions.
Hence, this field is the sum of :
• Payment for raw material/fin. goods
• Payment for energy, power and fuel
• Payment for salaries and wages to related parties
• Payment for marketing expenses
• Payment for processing charges/jobworks
• Payment for rent
• Payment for royalties/technical know-how fees
• Payment for interest
• Expenses reimbursed to related party
• Payment for other revenue expenses
• Payment for other operating expenses
• Payment for dividend

PAYMENT FOR RAW MATERIAL / FIN . GOODS 401

Indicator : Payment for raw material/fin. goods
Field : rpt_raw_material_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the expenses incurred by a company on account of purchase of raw materials as well as
finished goods from their related parties. It includes all the expenses incurred beginning from the purchase of
raw materials to those expenses to bring the raw materials to the place of manufacturing such as freight, carriage
inwards and handling charges. However, the value of this field is captured after netting off the transactions which
reduce the amount of the expense incurred such as purchase returns.
Companies usually disclose such expenses as purchase of raw materials, purchase of finished goods, purchase of
goods, purchase of stores. Such transactions are included in this field.

402 PAYMENT FOR ENERGY, POWER AND FUEL

Indicator : Payment for energy, power and fuel
Field : rpt_energy_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Every company needs various forms of energy to carry out the business operations of the company. There are
various sources of energy available such as electricity, coal, water, fuel etc. This data field captures such expenses
which are incurred on account of purchase of any form of energy required for smooth functioning of the operations
of the company, such as purchase of fuel, electricity, coal etc.

PAYMENT FOR SALARIES AND WAGES TO RELATED PARTIES 403

Indicator : Payment for salaries and wages to related parties
Field : rpt_wages_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the salaries paid to the directors, key personnel and relatives of the key personnel. Com-
panies report the various expenses incurred in relation to the directors, key personnel and their relatives under the
disclosure of related party transactions. Such transactions are captured under this field
This data field captures transactions such as remuneration, commission paid to directors, remuneration and com-
pensation paid to key personnel and/or their relatives.

404 PAYMENT FOR MARKETING EXPENSES

Indicator : Payment for marketing expenses
Field : rpt_marketing_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the expenses incurred by a company for the purpose of marketing for selling its products
done by its related parties. It includes after-sales services provided to consumers, provision for warranty claims,
brokerages and commission charges, incentives paid to selling agents, business promotion expenses, advertisement
expenses, selling and distribution expenses, commission to C&F agent, rebate and discount, other marketing costs
etc. The payment for all those marketing expenses to any related party will be captured under this field.

PAYMENT FOR PROCESSING CHARGES / JOBWORKS 405

Indicator : Payment for processing charges/jobworks
Field : rpt_processing_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the expenses incurred by a company for getting its manufacturing requirements done from
its related parties. It is a normal practice followed by companies to outsource a part of their requirement. Compa-
nies report such transactions as job work expenses, processing charges paid, manufacturing expenses, conversion
charges, labour charges paid, pulverising charges. Hence, any such transactions under the related party disclosure
is captured under this field.

406 PAYMENT FOR RENT

Indicator : Payment for rent
Field : rpt_rent_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
There may arise instances wherein a company uses the premises of a related party. The company, on occurrence of
such instances, becomes liable to pay to the related party which was the owner of such premise. Such transactions
are captured under this field.
This field includes transactions such as rent expenses, storage charges expenses, office rent paid, lease rent paid,
hire charges paid, storage charges expenses, rent paid for premises, rent and maintenance expenses.

PAYMENT FOR ROYALTIES / TECHNICAL KNOW- HOW FEES 407

Indicator : Payment for royalties/technical know-how fees
Field : rpt_royalty_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
A company pays a royalty when it uses, under an explicit agreement, a physical or intellectual property owned by
another entity. Royalty is usually paid on the use of natural resources, trademarks, brand names, patents, franchise
etc. A company pays a technical knowhow fee when it enters into an agreement with another entity that allows it
to use the latter’s technical knowhow for a fee. Such expenses are reported under the disclosure on related party
transactions when the payment is made to a related party.
This field includes transactions such as royalty paid, trademark fees, license fees, technical services, technology
fees, knowhow fees.

408 PAYMENT FOR INTEREST

Indicator : Payment for interest
Field : rpt_interest_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
When a company borrows a sum of money from its related party, the company becomes liable to repay the same
along with interest accrued. Such payment of interest to a related party, reported under the disclosure of related
party transactions, is captured under this field.
This field includes transactions such as interest on loan taken, interest expenses, interest paid, interest on inter
corporate deposits accepted, expenses - interest on short term loan, interest given, interest paid on deposits, interest
paid on debentures.

E XPENSES REIMBURSED TO RELATED PARTY 409

Indicator : Expenses reimbursed to related party
Field : rpt_reimbursement_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
There may be instances wherein a company may reimburse the expenses which a related party of the company
has incurred in course of performing a task for the company. Such expenses are captured under this field. The
companies disclose such transactions as reimbursement of expenses paid/payable in the annual report under the
disclosure of related party transactions. However, if a company has disclosed a transaction on reimbursement paid
with any other name, such transactions also gets included in this field.

410 PAYMENT FOR OTHER REVENUE EXPENSES

Indicator : Payment for other revenue expenses
Field : rpt_other_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
All expenses, except the ones captured under separate indicators, are treated as miscellaneous expenses in Prowes-
sIQ. This field will include transactions such as :
• expenses incurred
• management fees
• preliminary expenses incurred
• legal & professional charges
• printing & stationery charges
• travel & conveyance
• communication charge
• compensation paid
• general expenses
• bad debts, provisions
• repairs & maintenance charges
• share of loss / loss on sale of investment
• cargo handling
• courier charges
• forfeit charges
• balance / amount written off
• vehicle maintenance
• insurance charges, insurance premium paid
• loss on sale of fixed asset
• freight outwards
• miscellaneous expenses
• facility sharing charges
• donations
• provision / write off
• sundry balance written off

PAYMENT FOR OTHER REVENUE EXPENSES 411
• guarantee fees paid

• purchase of gift item
• sample purchases
• bank charges
• office maintenance expenses
• loan written off
• capital expenses
• sitting fees
• commission paid
• depb license purchase
• other expenses/services paid
• payables paid

412 PAYMENT FOR OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES

Indicator : Payment for other operating expenses
Field : rpt_operating_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operating expenses may be defined as those that pertain, in the case of industrial companies, to the production
process. In the case of service sector companies, operating expenses refer to those that are directly involved in the
process of carrying out the business. When a company discloses manufacturing expenses, purchase of services,
receiving of services etc. from a related party, it gets captured under this field.

PAYMENT FOR DIVIDEND 413

Indicator : Payment for dividend
Field : rpt_dividend_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Dividend is the distribution of profits to the shareholders or return on investments made. There may be instances
wherein a related party is a shareholder of a company. Such related party becomes eligible to receive dividends
when the company declares dividends for its shareholders. When a company pays dividends to a related party and
discloses the same, it gets captured under this field. Companies usually disclose such transactions as dividend paid,
final dividend, interim dividend, special dividend, dividend expenses, dividend payments etc in the disclosure on
related party transactions.

414 S HARE CAPITAL ISSUED DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Share capital issued during the year
Field : rpt_share_cap_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company discloses shares issued irrespective of whether the shares were issued for cash or for consideration
other than cash. The amount of share capital a company has can change over time because each time a business
sells new shares to the public in exchange for cash, the amount of share capital will increase. Share capital can be
composed of both common and preferred shares.
Share capital issued during the year to any related party is captured in this field.
For instance, the company ’Ambuja Cement Ltd.’ has reported issue of equity shares to its related party under
related party disclosure which has been captured under this data field.

O UTSTANDING SHARE CAPITAL 415

Indicator : Outstanding share capital
Field : rpt_ostd_share_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures closing balance of outstanding share capital as on a year end date.
For instance, The company ’Aurobindo Pharma Ltd.’ (FY 2016-17) has disclosed balance of equity allotment with
its subsidiary as on the year end under related party disclosure. Such amount of balance will be captured under this
data field.

416 S HARE A PPLICATION M ONEY RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Share Application Money received during the year
Field : rpt_share_appln_money_recd
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Share application money is the amount received by a company from investors who have applied for allotment. This
share application money could be for the equity shares of the company or for the preference shares of the company
or even for warrants.
Application money received by the company during a year from its related parties for such shares is included in
this data field.
The value in this data field is captured as available in the Annual Reports of the company for such related party
transactions available under related party disclosure.

S HARE A PPLICATION M ONEY RECEIVED O / S ( LIAB .) 417

Indicator : Share Application Money received o/s (liab.)
Field : rpt_share_appln_money_recd_clbal_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The closing balance amount of application money received (outstanding) from its related parties for such shares is
included in this data field.
transaction available under related party disclosure.

418 T OTAL CAPITAL RECEIPTS

Indicator : Total capital receipts
Field : rpt_sales
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 18 (AS-18) of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), if there have been
transactions between related parties, during the existence of a related party relationship, one of the requirements
from the reporting enterprise is to disclose a description of the nature of transactions.
The transactions could be receipts or expenses or it could be a capital transaction such as a borrowing.
Prowess database classifies receipts into Revenue receipts and Capital Receipts. Generally, Revenue receipts are
recurring in nature whereas Capital receipts are non-recurring in nature.
This data field is a sum of such Capital receipts. In the Prowess database, ’Total capital receipts’ is the sum of the
following related party transactions:
• Receipts from sale of fixed assets
• Receipts from sale of investments
The data in each of these data fields is captured as available in the Annual Reports of the company.

R ECEIPTS FROM SALE OF FIXED ASSETS 419

Indicator : Receipts from sale of fixed assets
Field : rpt_s_fixed_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Normally, capital receipts either lead to reduction in the assets or increase in liability. Income generated due to sale
of fixed asset is one of such capital receipt.
When a company sells its fixed asset to any related party it will be captured under this data field.
Profit on sale of fixed asset is not included in this data field. It is captured elsewhere.

420 R ECEIPTS FROM SALE OF INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Receipts from sale of investments
Field : rpt_s_investment
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Normally, capital receipts either lead to reduction in the assets or increase in liability. Income generated from sale
of investment is one of such capital receipt.
When a company sells its investments to any related party, it will be captured under this field.

T OTAL CAPITAL ACCOUNT PAYMENTS 421

Indicator : Total capital account payments
Field : rpt_purchases
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field captures the total capital account payments incurred by the company in context with the related party
transactions. There may occur certain transactions wherein the company makes payments to its related parties
which are usually non-recurring in nature. These transactions are reported by the companies pursuant to the Ac-
counting Standard - 18. This data field is a sum of such capital expenditure.
In the Prowess database, ’Total capital account payment’ is the sum of the following related party transactions:
• Payment for fixed assets purchases
• Payment for investments
• Share Application Money given during the year
The data in each of these data field is captured as available in the Annual Reports of the company.

422 PAYMENT FOR FIXED ASSETS PURCHASES

Indicator : Payment for fixed assets purchases
Field : rpt_p_fixed_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Generally, a reporting company discloses the transactions wherein a company has made payment to its related party
on purchasing fixed assets, such as land, buildings, and equipment under related party disclosure.
Such transaction when a company purchases fixed assets from its related party, it will be captured under this data
field.

PAYMENT FOR INVESTMENTS 423

Indicator : Payment for investments
Field : rpt_p_investment
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Generally, a reporting company discloses the transactions wherein a company has made payment to its related party
as investments.
Such transaction when a company makes investments in another entity which is its related party then it will be
captured under this field.

424 S HARE A PPLICATION M ONEY GIVEN DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Share Application Money given during the year
Field : rpt_share_appln_money_given
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Application money given by the company during a year to its related parties for such shares is included in this data
field.

S HARE A PPLICATION M ONEY GIVEN O / S (A SSET ) 425

Indicator : Share Application Money given o/s (Asset)
Field : rpt_share_appln_money_given_clbal_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The closing balance amount of application money given (outstanding) to its related parties for such shares is in-
cluded in this data field.

426 O UTSTANDING /C LOSING BALANCE OF FIXED ASSETS

Indicator : Outstanding/Closing balance of fixed assets
Field : rpt_ostd_cl_bal_fixed_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

O UTSTANDING /C LOSING BALANCE OF INVESTMENTS 427

Indicator : Outstanding/Closing balance of investments
Field : rpt_ostd_cl_bal_investments
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

428 O UTSTANDING DEPOSITS PLACED

Indicator : Outstanding deposits placed
Field : rpt_ostd_deposits_placed
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Receiving of deposits is one of the primary functions of a commercial bank.
This data field captures the deposits collected by banks. It does not capture deposits that may be collected by
non-banking companies. Outstanding balance of deposits in respect of bank will be reported under this field.
For instance, ’Yes Bank’ (FY 2016-17) has reported amount as ’Deposits’ under related party disclosure. Here, the
amount of deposits will be captured under this data field.

N ET OUTSTANDING BORROWINGS TAKEN / LOAN GIVEN 429

Indicator : Net outstanding borrowings taken/loan given
Field : rpt_finance
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Net outstanding borrowings are derived by subtracting balances as on a particular year ended for ’outstanding loans
and advances given’ from ’outstanding loans and advances taken’.
This data field captures such net figure.
The value for this data field can either be positive or negative. In case a company has greater amount of ’outstanding
loans and advances taken’ than ’outstanding loans and advances given’ , then the value of net ’Net outstanding
borrowings’ will be positive.

430 O UTSTANDING LOANS AND ADVANCES TAKEN

Indicator : Outstanding loans and advances taken
Field : rpt_loan_n_adv_taken
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Closing Balance of borrowings/loans and advances taken from any related party as on the year end date will be
captured in this field.

B ORROWINGS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR 431

Indicator : Borrowings received during the year
Field : rpt_borr_recv_during_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company takes loans from lenders, usually with a plan to repay the same with interest over a future time span.
Such borrowings are also called debt. When company borrows funds from any related party then it will be reported
under this field.

432 B ORROWINGS REPAID DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Borrowings repaid during the year
Field : rpt_borr_repaid_during_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company repays borrowed funds from a related party during the year it will be captured under this field.

O UTSTANDING LOANS AND ADVANCES GIVEN 433

Indicator : Outstanding loans and advances given
Field : rpt_loans_n_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Closing balance of loans and advances given to a related party as on a particular year end date will be captured
under this field.

434 L OANS & ADVANCES GIVEN DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Loans & advances given during the year
Field : rpt_loans_advances_given_during_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the sum of all loans and advances made by a company (other than banks and NBFCs) to a
related party. This includes, loans provided to other business enterprises, to employees and directors and all types
of loans and advances given during the year.

L OANS & ADVANCES RECEIVED BACK DURING THE YEAR 435

Indicator : Loans & advances received back during the year
Field : rpt_loans_advances_recv_during_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company receives back loans and advances made by them to a related party during the year, it will be
captured under this field.

436 N ET OUTSTANDING CURRENT RECEIVABLES / PAYABLES

Indicator : Net outstanding current receivables/payables
Field : rpt_outstandings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Net outstanding current receivables/payables are derived by subtracting balances as on a particular year ended for
’Current liabilities’ and ’Provision from doubtful debts’ from ’Current assets’.
This data field captures such net figure.
The value for this data field can either be positive or negative. In case a company has greater amount of ’Current
assets’ than ’Current liabilities’ and ’Provisions for doubtful debts’, then the value of ’Net outstanding current
receivables/payables’ will be positive.

C URRENT LIABILITIES 437

Indicator : Current liabilities
Field : rpt_curr_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Current liabilties are the amount owed by a company which are normally due within one year. It represents the
liabilities generated from the operations of the enterprise. It includes sundry creditors, bills payable, deposits and
advance from customers and all other current payables.
Closing balances of such current liabilities as on the year ending will be captured under this data field.

438 C URRENT ASSETS

Indicator : Current assets
Field : rpt_curr_asset
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Outstanding current receivables are the amount owed to a company. It represents the assets generated from the
operations of the enterprise. It includes sundry debtors, bills receivable, accrued incomes receivable, deposits or
receivables outstanding because of sale of investments and all type of current receivables.
Closing balances of such current assets as on a particular year ending date will be captured under this data field.

P ROVISION FOR DOUBTFUL DEBTS 439

Indicator : Provision for doubtful debts
Field : rpt_prov_doubtful_debt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

440 M ARGIN M ONEY R ECEIVED DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Margin Money Received during the year
Field : rpt_margin_money_recd
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

M ARGIN M ONEY PAID DURING THE YEAR 441

Indicator : Margin Money Paid during the year
Field : rpt_margin_money_paid
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

442 M ARGIN M ONEY R ECD . O / S ( LIAB .)

Indicator : Margin Money Recd. o/s (liab.)
Field : rpt_margin_money_recd_clbal_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

M ARGIN M ONEY PAID O / S (A SSET ) 443

Indicator : Margin Money Paid o/s (Asset)
Field : rpt_margin_money_paid_clbal_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

444 O UTSTANDING GUARANTEES GIVEN

Indicator : Outstanding guarantees given
Field : rpt_tot_guarantees_given
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures closing balance of guarantees given (outstanding amount) to the related parties as on a
particular year end date.
For instance, the company ’G M R Infrastructure Ltd.’ (FY 2016-17) has reported Outstanding balance of Corporate
guarantees sanctioned on behalf of its related parties as at the year ended under related party disclosure. The same
will be captured under this data field.

G UARANTEES GIVEN DURING THE YEAR 445

Indicator : Guarantees given during the year
Field : rpt_gaurantees_given_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A guarantee is a contract to perform the promise, or to discharge the liability, of another person in case of a default
by such a person.
When a company gives guarantee in respect of any related party then it will be captured under this field.
For instance, the company ’G M R Infrastructure Ltd.’ (FY 2016-17) has reported ’corporate guarantees/comfort
letters given on behalf of its related parties’ during the year under related party disclosure.The same will be captured
under this data field.

446 O UTSTANDING GUARANTEES TAKEN

Indicator : Outstanding guarantees taken
Field : rpt_guarantees_taken
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the closing balance of guarantees taken (outstanding) from the related parties as on a
particular year end date.
For instance, the company ’Vedanta Ltd.’ (FY 2016-17) has reported closing balance of financial guarantee taken
as at the year end under related party disclosure. Such amount will be captured under this data field.

G UARANTEES TAKEN DURING THE YEAR 447

Indicator : Guarantees taken during the year
Field : rpt_gaurantees_taken_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

448 T RANSACTION NOT SPECIFIED

Indicator : Transaction not specified
Field : rpt_not_available
Data Type : Number
Unit :
Description:
There are instances wherein a company discloses a transaction with a related party and the quantum of the trans-
action but does not provide the specifics for that particular transaction. Such transactions are captured under this
field.

L OANS NOT SPECIFIED AS GIVEN OR RECEIVED 449

Indicator : Loans not specified as given or received
Field : rpt_borr_unclass
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company discloses a loan amount with a related party but does not provide details on whether the loan
was taken by the company or whether it was provided to the related party, such transactions are captured under this
field.
For instance : ’Gujarat Alkalies & Chemicals Ltd.’ disclosed 2 transactions called ’Loan’ with its Key Managerial
Personnel (KMP). The value of these transactions amounted to Rs 1.9 million and Rs 2.1 million for Dr. H B Patel
and Shri SS Bhatt, the KMPs of the company, respectively. However, from the given disclosure, there is ambiguity
on whether these loans were provided to the KMPs or were borrowed by the company from the KMPs. Hence,
these transactions have been captured under this field.

450 D IVIDENDS NOT SPECIFIED AS GIVEN OR RECEIVED

Indicator : Dividends not specified as given or received
Field : rpt_dividend_unclass
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company discloses a dividend amount with a related party but does not provide specifics as to whether this
dividend was in the form of a receipt for the company or the company paid the dividend to the related party, such
transactions are captured in this field.
For instance : ’S N L Bearings Ltd.’ reported a transaction called ’Dividend on Equity Shares’ with its holding
company ’N R B Bearings Ltd.’ amounting to Rs 8.10 million in its annual report for the year ended March 2017.
However, the disclosed transaction is ambiguous in nature as it does not specify whether this dividend was in the
form of a receipt or was a payment for the company. Hence, this value has been captured under this field.

I NTEREST NOT SPECIFIED AS GIVEN OR RECEIVED 451

Indicator : Interest not specified as given or received
Field : rpt_interest_unclass
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company discloses an interest amount with a related party but does not provide specifics as to whether this
interest was in the form of a receipt for the company or the company paid the interest to the related party, such
transactions are captured in this field.
For instance : ’E L Forge Ltd.’ reported a transaction called ’On account of interest’ amounting to Rs 0.5 million
with a relative of the director in the annual report for the year ended March 2017. However, the transaction does
not specify whether this interest amount was received by the company or the company paid this amount to the said
related party. Hence, this value has been captured under this field.

452 R ENT NOT SPECIFIED AS GIVEN OR RECEIVED

Indicator : Rent not specified as given or received
Field : rpt_rent_unclass
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company discloses a rent amount with a related party but does not provide specifics as to whether this rent
was in the form of a receipt for the company or the company paid the rent to the related party, such transactions are
captured in this field.
For instance : ’Rexnord Electronics & Controls Ltd.’ reported a transaction called ’Rent’ amounting to Rs 0.10
million paid to Mr. Kundan Talwar, a relative of the key personnel of the company, in its annual report for the year
ended March 2017. However, this transaction does not clarify whether this amount was in the form of a receipt for
the company or the company paid this amount to the said related party. Hence, this value has been captured under
this field.

S ERVICES NOT SPECIFIED AS GIVEN OR RECEIVED 453

Indicator : Services not specified as given or received
Field : rpt_services_unclass
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When it cannot be possible to bifurcate whether company is rendering services or receiving services then it will be
captured here.
For instance, the company ’Tata communications transformation services ltd.’ (FY 2016-17) has disclosed a related
party transaction with its holding company and fellow subsidiary company as ’service fees’. Since it is not specified
by them about receipt or payment of such service fees, it will be included in this data field.

454 M AXIMUM AMOUNT PAYABLE TO RELATED PARTY DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Maximum amount payable to related party during the year
Field : rpt_max_amt_payable
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures maximum balance payable to the related parties of the company during the year.
For instance, the company ’State bank of India’ (FY 2016-17) has disclosed maximum amount of deposits out-
standing during the year under related party disclosure which is included under this data field.

M AXIMUM AMOUNT RECEIVABLE FROM RELATED PARTY DURING THE YEAR 455

Indicator : Maximum amount receivable from related party during the year
Field : rpt_max_amt_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures maximum balance receivable from the related parties of the company during the year.
For instance, the company ’Infosys Ltd.’ (FY 2016-17) has disclosed maximum amount of loans and advances
given to subsidiaries during the year under related party disclosure which is included under this data field.

456 L O C/S TAND BY LOC GIVEN ON BEHALF OF RELATED PARTIES ( CONTING . LIAB .)

Indicator : LoC/Stand by LoC given on behalf of related parties (conting.liab.)
Field : rpt_loc_standby_loc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A letter of credit is an obligation taken to make a payment to beneficiary once certain criteria are met.
This data field captures value for such LoC or standby LoC given on behalf of related parties during a year ended
disclosed under related party disclosure in annual reports.

OTHER TRANSACTIONS 457

Indicator : Other transactions
Field : rpt_other_unclass
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is a residual field that captures all those items that could not be captured by explicit fields.
For instance, the company Wipro Ltd. (FY 2016-17) has disclosed ’others’ under related party transaction disclo-
sure which does not explicitly specify whether its an income or expense. Here, such transaction will be captured

458 OTHER TRANSACTIONS

OTHER TRANSACTIONS 459
Chapter 12
Bulk and Block Deals

Table : Bulk and Block Deals

Field : bbd_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code


Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

462 E XCHANGE

Indicator : Exchange
Field : bbd_exch
Unit : Text

D EAL TYPE 463

Indicator : Deal type
Field : bbd_deal_type
Unit : Text

464 D EAL DATE

Indicator : Deal date
Field : bbd_date
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date

R ECORD NUMBER 465

Indicator : Record number
Field : bbd_rec_num
Data Type : Number
Unit : Number

466 C LIENT CODE

Indicator : Client code
Field : bbd_client_code
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code

C LIENT NAME 467

Indicator : Client name
Field : bbd_client_name
Unit : Text

468 T RADED QUANTITY

Indicator : Traded quantity
Field : bbd_traded_qty
Data Type : Number
Unit : Number

P RICE PER SHARE 469

Indicator : Price per share
Field : bbd_share_price
Data Type : Number

470 R EMARKS

Indicator : Remarks
Field : bbd_remarks
Unit : Text

R EMARKS 471
Chapter 13
Insider Trading

Table : Insider Trading

Field : stkinsd_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:


Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

474 D EAL SEQUENCE NUMBER

Indicator : Deal sequence number
Field : stkinsd_seqno
Data Type : Number
Unit : Number
Description:
This data field stores the sequence number of an insider trading transaction.
Insider trading transactions are transactions entered into by persons who are insiders in a company.
Insider means any person who,
1. is or was connected with the company or is deemed to have been connected with the company and is reason-
ably expected to have access to unpublished price sensitive information in respect of securities of company,
or
2. has received or has had access to such unpublished price sensitive information ;
SEBI regulations stipulate policy on disclosures and code of internal procedures and conduct for listed companies
for prevention of insider trading. This includes disclosure of interest or holding by directors and officers and
substantial shareholders in listed companies.
Under the regulations for insider trading transactions, every listed company, within two working days of receipt,
has to disclose the following information to all stock exchanges on which the company is listed:
Any person who holds more than five per cent shares or voting rights in any listed company shall disclose to the
company, the number of shares or voting rights held by such person, on becoming such holder, within two working
days.
Similarly, any person who is a director or officer of a listed company shall disclose to the company in Form B the
number of shares or voting rights held and positions taken in derivatives by such person and his dependents, within
two working days of becoming a director or officer of the company.
And, any person who holds more than 5 per cent shares or voting rights in any listed company shall disclose to the
company the number of shares or voting rights held and change in shareholding or voting rights
Also, any person who is a director or officer of a listed company, shall disclose to the company the total number of
shares or voting rights held and change in shareholding or voting rights if the change exceeds Rs.5 lakh in value or
25,000 shares or 1 per cent of total shareholding or voting rights, whichever is lower.
Information on the aforesaid transactions entered into by insiders are reported by the company to the Stock Ex-
change within two working days. The stock exchange then makes this information publicly available. Such infor-
mation as is made publicly available by the exchanges is captured by CMIE and made available in Prowess.
The insider trading transaction sequence number is a simple serial number given to uniquely identify records in the
Prowess database table containing insider trading transactions. Every record in this table has a unique sequence
number.

D EAL TYPE 475

Field : insd_deal_type
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores information on whether the deal undertaken by the reporting company is a buy transaction or
a sell transaction. Information is stored as ‘B’ for ‘Buy’ and ‘S’ for ‘Sell’ for transactions which were reported on
the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and ‘ACQ’ for acquired and ‘SALE’ for sale for transactions reported on the
National Stock Exchange (NSE).

476 E XCHANGE

Field : insd_exch
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores the name of the Exchange on which the information relating to insider trading has been
reported.

T RANSACTION FROM DATE 477

Indicator : Transaction from date
Field : insd_frdate
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This data field stores the date on which the execution of the insider trading deals, which are being reported, started.

478 T RANSACTION TO DATE

Indicator : Transaction to date
Field : insd_todate
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This data field stores the date on which the execution of the insider trading deals, which are being reported, got
over.

D EAL DISCLOSED BY 479

Indicator : Deal disclosed by
Field : insd_disclosed_by
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores the name of the company/party which discloses the information about the insider trading deal.
This is mostly the buyer/seller or the company who’s shares were transacted.

480 C LIENT NAME

Field : insd_clname
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field dtores the name of the entity which indulged in either the sale or the purchase of the company’s
securities in an insider trading transaction.

M ODE OF ACQUISITION / SALE 481

Indicator : Mode of acquisition/sale
Field : insd_mode_of_acq_sale
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field captures the mode of acquisition/sale of the company’s securities in the insider trading transac-
tion. The various modes include Open Market, Off Trade, Block Deal, Private Placement through GDR Offering,
Preferential allotment against warrants etc. The mode of acquisition or sale is captured as is published by the
exchange.

482 N UMBER OF SHARES TRANSACTED

Indicator : Number of shares transacted
Field : insd_no_shares_txnd
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field captures the quantity of shares which were transacted in the reported insider trading deal.

S HARES TRANSACTED IN PER CENT 483

Indicator : Shares transacted in per cent
Field : insd_shares_trans_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the number of shares transacted in the reported insider trading transaction as a per cent of the
total number of outstanding shares of the company.

484 S HARES HELD AFTER TRANSACTION

Indicator : Shares held after transaction
Field : insd_shares_held_aft_txn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field captures the number of shares held by the buyer/seller after the reported insider trading deal was
executed.

S HARES HELD IN PER CENT 485

Indicator : Shares held in per cent
Field : insd_shares_held_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the number of shares held by the buyer/seller as a percentage of the company’s total number
of outstanding shares after the reported insider trading deal was executed.

486 S HARES HELD IN PER CENT

Chapter 14
Substantial Acquisition of Shares

Table : Substantial Acquisition of Shares

Field : stksast_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:


Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

490 D EAL SEQUENCE NUMBER

Indicator : Deal sequence number
Field : stksast_seqno
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This datafield stores a serial number given to uniquely identify records in the Prowess database table which de-
termines the sequence of the deals that appear in the output. Every record in the table containing transactions of
substantial acquisition has a unique sequence number.

D EAL TYPE 491

Field : sast_deal_type
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores information on whether the deal undertaken by the reporting company is a buy transaction or
a sell transaction. National Stock Exchange(NSE) classifies buy and sell transactions into ‘B’ and ‘S’, respectively.
Similarly, Bombay Stock Exchange(BSE) classifies buy and sell transactions into ‘ACQ’ and ‘SALE’, respectively.
These deal types are stored in this data field as reported by the stock exchange.

492 E XCHANGE

Field : sast_exch
Unit : Text
Description:
This datafield stores the name of the exchange on which the information relating to substantial acquisition of shares
has been reported.

T RANSACTION FROM DATE 493

Indicator : Transaction from date
Field : sast_frdate
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This data field stores the date on which the execution of the substantial acquisition of shares, which are being
reported, started.

494 T RANSACTION TO DATE

Indicator : Transaction to date
Field : sast_todate
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This data field stores the date on which the execution of substantial acquistion of shares, which are being reported,
ended.

D EAL DISCLOSED BY 495

Indicator : Deal disclosed by
Field : sast_disclosed_by
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores the name of the company/party which discloses the information about the substantial acquisi-
tion of shares. This is mostly the buyer/seller or the company whose shares were transacted.

496 C LIENT NAME

Field : sast_clname
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field stores the name of the entity which indulged in either the sale or the purchase of the company’s
securities in the substantial acquisition of shares transaction.

M ODE OF ACQUISITION / SALE 497

Indicator : Mode of acquisition/sale
Field : sast_mode_of_acq_sale
Unit : Text
Description:
This data field captures the mode of acquisition/sale of the company’s securities in the substantial acquisition of
shares transaction. The various modes include open market, off-market, public issue, rights issue, preferential
allotment, inter-se transfer, etc. The mode of acquisition or sale is captured as is published by the exchange.

498 N UMBER OF SHARES TRANSACTED

Indicator : Number of shares transacted
Field : sast_no_shares_txnd
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data fields stores the number of shares/voting rights/warrants which were transacted in the reported substantial
acquistion of shares transaction.

S HARES TRANSACTED IN PER CENT 499

Indicator : Shares transacted in per cent
Field : sast_shares_trans_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data fields stores the number of shares/voting rights/warrants in the reported substantial acquistion of shares
transaction as a per cent of the total number of outstanding shares of the company.

500 S HARES HELD AFTER TRANSACTION

Indicator : Shares held after transaction
Field : sast_shares_held_aft_txn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field stores the number of shares held by the buyer/seller after the reported substantial acquisition of
shares.


Indicator : Shares held in per cent
Field : sast_shares_held_pct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the number of shares held by the buyer/seller as a percentage of the company’s total number
of outstanding shares after the reported substantial acquisition of shares transaction was executed.

502 S HARES HELD IN PER CENT

Chapter 15
Standalone Annual Financial Statements

504 C OMPANY CODE
Table : Standalone Annual Financial Statements

Indicator : Company code
Field : finance1_cocode
Data Type : Number
Unit : Code
Description:
CMIE assigns a unique numerical code to each company. This is known as the “Prowess company code” which
is stored in this field. Once alloted, this code is not changed. This is also the indicator with which companies
are recognised across Tables within the Prowess database. Thus, this information is found in all Tables that are
not Master Tables. We recommend the use of the “Prowess company code” to uniquely identify companies when
dealing with large data sets extracted from Prowess for external processing.

NAME 505

Indicator : Name
Unit : Text
Description:
readability.

506 Y EAR

Indicator : Year
Field : finance1_year
Data Type : Date
Unit : Date
Description:
This data field or indicator represents the last day of the accounting period for which the company presented its
financial statements.
The indicator is stored in the database in the YYYYMMDD format. For example, where the financial statements
of the company cover the period beginning on 1 April 2004 and ending on 31 March 2005, the value entered in this
indicator / data field will be 20050331, with 2005 being the year, 03 being the month of March and 31 being the
last date in the month of March.
The financial years of most companies in India end on 31 March. However, it is not necessary that the financial
years of all companies end on 31 March. Financial years of some companies end in September while financial
years of some others end in December. The financial years of some may even end in June.
For example, companies such as Videocon Industries, Siemens, M R F, Shree Precoated Steels, Shree Renuka
Sugars, Escorts, Sujana Metal Products, Triveni Engineering & Inds,. Balrampur Chini Mills, Isgec Heavy Engg.,
Bajaj Hindusthan presented their annual audited financial statements for the period ending 30 September 2009.
Companies like Indian Oil Corpn., Reliance Industries, Bharat Petroleum Corpn., Hindustan Petroleum Corpn., Oil
& Natural Gas Corpn., N T P C , M M T C, Steel Authority Of India, Essar Oil, Tata Motors, Larsen & Toubro,
Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals, Bharti Airtel, Bharat Heavy Electricals and Maruti Suzuki India presented
their annual audited financial statements for the period ending 31 December 2009.
While it is possible that financial years of companies close other than on 31 March, it is also possible that companies
may change the closing dates of their financial years. For example, Balrampur Chini’s financial year ended in
September till September 2009. Thereafter, the company changed its year-ending to March. Videocon Industries
presented its financial statements for the period ending 30 September every year till September 2009. Thereafter,
it shifted its financial year closing to 31 December of every year.
It may be noted that the financial year ending date obtained by using this indicator / data field does not guarantee
that the financials obtained are for a period of 12 months ending on that date. It merely indicates the ending date of
the period for which the financial statements are presented. The financial statements themselves can be for a period
of 3 months or they may be for a period of 15 months. For example, Arrow Textiles presented financial statements
covering a period of three months ending 31 March 2008. Orient Refractories presented financial statements
covering a six month period ending September 2011. Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills presented financial statements
ending 31 December 2011 covering a period of nine months. Andhra Cements presented financial statements
ending 30 June 2011 covering a period of 15 months. Hence, it would be a good idea to use this indicator / data
field along with the "months" indicator / data field, which gives the number of months for which the financial
statements are presented i.e. the period in months which is covered by the financial statements. In most cases,
however, the financial statements are for a period of 12 months ending on the balance sheet date or the last date of
the accounting period for which those financial statements are presented.

M ONTHS 507

Indicator : Months
Field : ann_rep_months
Data Type : Number
Unit : Number of Months

508 AR F ORMAT

Indicator : AR Format
Field : fs_format
Data Type :
Unit : Text

T OTAL INCOME 509

Indicator : Total income
Field : total_income
Data Type : Number
Description:
Total income is the sum of all kinds of income generated by an enterprise during an accounting period. It includes
income from continuing operations as well as income from discontinuing operations. It includes income generated
during the normal course of business as well as extraordinary or exceptional income. And, it includes income
generated from the sale of goods as well as services. It includes income from investment activity. It also includes
income accruing even without any sale of goods or rendering of service or as a result of an investment activity. So
long as it is income to the company, it is included in this Indicator. Total income includes all kinds of income of
the company irrespective of whether it entails a cash flow or not.
The Prowess database classifies all kinds of income generated by an enterprise into four sub-parts:
1. Sales
2. Income from financial services
3. Other income and
4. Prior period and extraordinary income.
Total income is the sum of the income classified under each of these sub-parts. Each of the sub-parts has a further
break-up.
Sales primarily represents income from non-financial activities. Sales includes income from sale of industrial goods
and from providing non-financial services. Sale of industrial goods includes income from sale of goods, scrap,
electricity and from repairs, job-work and construction. It also includes fiscal benefits received by the company.
Income from financial activities is classified under Income from financial services. Income from financial services
includes those from fee-based services such as brokerage and fund-based services such as interest and dividends.
Other income is a residual entry which captures income generated from sources that cannot be classified into any
other head of income.
Prior period income included in Total income refers to incomes pertaining to prior periods such as recovery of bad
debts and provisions written back. Extra-ordinary income refers to income such as profits from sale of assets.
Total income is gross of indirect taxes, rebates and discounts. It is net of income capitalised and income transferred
to Deferred Revenue Expenditure.

510 S ALES

Indicator : Sales
Field : sales
Data Type : Number
Description:
A simple definition of sales would be the act of transferring a product or service in return for cash or other consid-
erations. A sale transaction necessarily involves a buyer, a seller, a product or service, and the exchange of cash or
other non-cash considerations. Although sales could be on credit as well, the transfer of a consideration is bound
to happen sometime in the future and is inevitable.
This data field captures all regular income generated by companies from clearly identifiable sale of goods and from
non-financial services. Regular income would essentially mean that which excludes income of prior periods and
income from extra-ordinary transactions. Clearly identifiable sources of income would mean that the ambiguous
other income has been excluded. If the company provides a break-up of other income, then the constituents for
which data is available are posted appropriately. However, if there is an entry for other income that is not described
any further, it is an ambiguous entry and is therefore excluded from sales. Income from only non-financial services
is also included in sales. Income from financial services, on the other hand, is captured separately.
Roughly, the field "sales" corresponds to what is usually referred to as the "main income" of non-financial compa-
nies.
Sales has two sub-categories - "industrial sales" and "income from non-financial services".
Industrial sales includes the sale of goods and income from activities associated with or incidental to sales. This
includes the sale of scrap, sale of raw materials and stores, income from job-work done, and income from repairs
& maintenance, construction and utilities. It also includes fiscal benefits received by the company.
Sales is a gross figure. It is inclusive of all indirect taxes, rebates and discounts.

I NDUSTRIAL SALES 511

Indicator : Industrial sales
Field : industrial_sales
Data Type : Number
Description:
Income generated by companies from the sale of goods manufactured by them, and from products that are incidental
to the production process such as by-products, scrap, raw materials and stores, etc are industrial sales. Industrial
sales includes income generated from the sale of mining products, from construction activities and from the sale
of utilities such as electricity, gas or water. Industrial sales also include income from sale of agricultural products
since it is not captured separately.
Industrial sales includes income generated from rendering manufacturing job-work, processing, fabrication and
repairs & maintenance.
Industrial sales also includes income from printing and publishing activities.
Industrial sales is gross of all indirect taxes, rebates and discounts. It is net of returns and trade discounts.
Inter-departmental transfers, or internal transfers are not a part of industrial sales.
Income from trading business, financial services and non-financial services is not a part of industrial sales. These
are captured separately.
Income from services is not a part of industrial sales. As a result, trading income is also not a part of industrial
sales. However, the trading income of utilities is included in industrial sales. Thus, the income of Power Grid
Corpn, which is engaged in the distribution of electricity, and Gas Authority of India (GAIL), which is engaged in
the distribution of gas is included in industrial sales. This is justified because this trading entails large structural
investments including those in industrial equipment such as transformers or pumps, much like that of industrial
plants.
In general, all sales of utilities (electricity, water and gas), including those from production or distribution or even
trading are included in industrial sales.
Fiscal benefits also form a part of industrial sales. Fiscal benefits are a source of income for companies. This is
true mostly for industrial companies. Fiscal benefits are therefore kept a part of industrial sales. Manufacturing
companies are the biggest recipients of fiscal benefits. Generally, about 10 per cent of the companies report fiscal
benefits. Of these nearly 85 per cent are manufacturing companies. About 20 per cent of manufacturing companies
report fiscal benefits.
Less than 5 per cent of the services sector companies report fiscal benefits. In the case of these services sector
companies, Prowess reports industrial sales, which includes fiscal benefits.

512 S ALES OF GOODS

Indicator : Sales of goods
Field : sale_of_goods
Data Type : Number
Description:
Income generated by companies from the sale of goods manufactured by them or from the sale of minerals extracted
by them is classified as sale of goods.
The sale of by-products released in the process of manufacturing or mining is also included in the head "sale of
goods". Even if the value of revenues generated from sale of by-products is available separately in the Annual
Report, it is not captured separately in the Prowess database. It is clubbed along with the sale of goods.
However, sale of scrap and raw materials is not clubbed with sale of goods. These are captured separately.
Sale of agricultural commodities is also included under the gamut of sale of goods. It mainly pertains to the sale
of processed agricultural commodities such as rice and therefore have an element of manufacturing processing in
them.
Income generated from trading is not included in sale of goods. It is captured separately, under the head "trading
income" under "income from non-financial services".
Income earned through printing and publishing activities is a part of sale of goods. Thus, income from the sale
of newspapers, magazines and also the associated revenues generated by such companies, such as from selling
advertisement space is included in sale of goods.
Income from ship breaking also forms part of sale of goods, since in such cases ships are broken down and sold in
parts. Income from software development, on the other hand, is considered as income from non-financial services,
which is classified separately. It is not a part of sales of goods.
A company can generate revenues from a wide array of activities. However, only those from the sale of goods as
described above are included in this data field. Thus, for a company such as Larsen & Toubro, revenues generated
from the sale of goods is included here, but its construction income is not.
Sales of goods is a gross figure. It includes excise duty, sales tax and other indirect taxes. It also includes cash
discounts and rebates. However, it is net of sales returns and trade discounts. Inter-divisional transfers (internal
transfers) are not included in sales of goods.
If a company reports sales net of indirect taxes or cash discounts and rebates, these are added by CMIE into the
sales figure, provided such data is available in the Annual Report. Similarly, if a company reports internal transfers
as a part of sales, then these are removed in the Prowess database. Most companies do not include internal transfers
as part of sales.
These efforts bring about a consistency in the sales of goods figure in the Prowess database. This ensures better
inter-company and inter-year comparability of the data presented in the database.

S ALE OF SCRAP 513

Indicator : Sale of scrap
Field : sale_of_scrap
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income generated through the sale of scrap and waste.
Scrap is the leftover or residue which arises from the raw material during its use in the production process. It does
have some recoverable value. Scrap is defined as the incidental residue from certain types of manufacture, usually
of small amount and low value, recoverable without further processing.
Waste, on the other hand, is that portion of raw material, which is lost in the processing, having no realisable or
recoverable value.
However, companies do not necessarily adhere to these definitions in their use of these terms. Often, the terms
are used interchangeably by companies. Scrap, in its common usage, not only refers to residue but also empties,
containers, gunny bags, packing materials etc. that are no longer considered fit for use. Sale of waste paper as
reported by the publication companies also forms a part of "scrap" as it refers to those newspapers, magazines and
periodicals whose content is outdated. All of these are classified under sale of scrap in the Prowess database.
These items are usually disclosed as a part of the schedules of sales, other income, raw material consumed, or
change in stock. Often, the information is tucked away in the notes to accounts or along with the quantitative
details after the notes to accounts in the annual report.

514 S ALE OF RAW MATERIALS AND STORES

Indicator : Sale of raw materials and stores
Field : sale_of_rawmat_stores
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income generated through the sale of raw materials as well as through sale of stores.
Such a sales is unusual. Nevertheless, it is a possibility.
Companies may directly report sale of raw material as part of its sales. It is also a common practice to deduct
the sales of raw material and stores from the expenditure on consumption on raw materials. Consumption of raw
materials, in such cases, is disclosed only as a net figure by the companies. However, the amount netted out is often
disclosed separately either in the notes or footnotes. If this is the case, then in the Prowess database, the amount of
sales of raw material is added back into the consumption of raw materials field under expenses. Thus, consumption
of raw materials is gross of sale of raw materials and stores. And, the amount is also added on the income side to
"sales of raw material".
The sale of raw material and stores is not considered as a trading activity because the sale is only incidental and
not a line of activity of the company.

J OB - WORK INCOME 515

Indicator : Job-work income
Field : job_work_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income generated by a company when it undertakes contract manufacturing or processing
of a product according to client specifications. Such a company effectively provides its production facilities to the
client. The client provides specifications, production schedules and also often provides the raw materials. The
company provides its production capacity and its labour.
Such arrangements could have several variations and it is often difficult to classify a source of income as a job-
work. In a sense, every business-to-business company that works either captively or largely for another company
earns its income based on job work. We refer to only the industrial sector here and not to the services sector. BPOs
for example, would not figure here. They are classified under non-financial services.
For all practical purposes, we post a figure under job-work income if an industrial company’s published financial
statements describe the source of income as job-work, processing, conversion, fabrication charges or a description
similar to these activities. It includes installation and service charges, erection, commissioning or contract revenue.
Contract revenue of interior decorators, for example, is classified under job work income. Income from construction
activities of construction companies, even if their description is similar to that described above, is not included here.
It is captured separately elsewhere.
Project construction companies undertake contractual assignments for specific projects. These are classified under
sales from construction and not from job work.
Often, manufacturing concerns having large production capacities undertake manufacturing or processing activities
on behalf of other parties. In such cases, income from sale of goods reported by them includes income from job-
work / processing / conversion / fabrication. Such being the case, income from job-work / processing / conversion
/ fabrication is deducted from income from sale of goods and shown separately in this data field.

516 I NCOME FROM REPAIRS & MAINTENANCE INCLUDING AFTER - SALES SERVICE INCOME

Indicator : Income from repairs & maintenance including after-sales service income
Field : repairs_maintenance_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
A significant portion of the revenues earned by manufacturers of automobiles, consumer durables and computer
and telecommunication hardware emanates from after-sales services. After-sales services can be defined as all
those processes that go into making sure that customers are satisfied with the products and services offered by an
enterprise.
This data field captures revenues from after-sales services. Income earned by providing repairs & maintenance
services is also included here. Repairs refer to expenses incurred on restoration of an asset to sound condition or
the setting right of a damage, or keeping the asset operating at its present condition. Maintenance refers to upkeep
of property or equipment. Incomes generated from such services are also referred to as service income or workshop
revenues. Income earned through Annual Maintenance Contracts (AMCs) is also included under this head. Other
types of items falling under this head include income earned through services involving the upkeep, renovation and
modification of assets.
It must be noted that "repairs and maintenance" done for other divisions of the same company are not treated as
revenues from repairs and maintenance activities. Instead, they are covered under internal transfers.

C ONSTRUCTION INCOME 517

Indicator : Construction income
Field : construction_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is relevant to companies involved in construction activity, real estate and contract works. It captures
data pertaining to income from construction & construction related activities. Construction income includes the
following:-
1. Income from contractual engineering and construction work such as turnkey projects. It includes income
earned through designing, engineering and constructing infrastructure projects, erection of new plants and
other related work. Contract jobs essentially mean that they are done on behalf of another entity. In case
of diversified companies or companies whose major income is not attributable to construction activity, their
income from turnkey projects or fabrication & erection income is generally reported in the quantitative details
after notes to accounts.
2. Income from sale of real estate developed by the company. It is distinct from contractual construction work in
that the company develops properties on its own with an objective to sell. It would include income earned by
real estate companies from the sale of residential and commercial properties. If a company is engaged in real
estate development, real estate property is usually disclosed as stock-in-trade in the schedules of inventories as
such companies hold the properties on their books till they are sold, i.e. they are current assets. Construction
related income also includes income from sale of land without undertaking any development activity.
3. Contractual income from oil well drilling and exploration, mining and from other construction activity like
income from small projects, sub-contractual income from huge turnkey contracts, income from operation of
commercial complexes etc, also classify as construction income.
Oil well drilling or mining income included under construction income would not include the income from
the sale of crude oil that has been drilled out or minerals extracted. Instead, these would be included under
sale of goods. It would also not include any income earned by providing equipment for drilling or mining
since such income is classified as lease/rent income and is captured elsewhere.
Sometimes the value of this construction income has to be derived from the company’s production schedule -
especially in the case of either diversified companies or companies whose income from construction related activity
is marginal.
A number of companies in financial distress convert their land and other real estate properties into stock-in-trade.
Often, they develop and sell such properties. At times they sell the properties without any development. Any
income generated by these companies from such activities (with or without any development of the property) is
reported by CMIE, as income from construction.
As per Accounting Standard 7 (AS-7) on Construction Contracts issued by the ICAI (effective from 1 April, 2003),
the percentage of completion method has been prescribed as the only method for recognising revenues from con-
struction activity. However, companies undertaking real estate development activity might recognise their revenue
either by completed contract method or by percentage of completion method. The Prowess database captures
information as furnished by the company, without any adjustment.

518 S ALE OF ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER

Indicator : Sale of electricity, gas and water
Field : sale_of_electricity_gas_water
Data Type : Number
Description:
Section 2(7) of the Sale of Goods Act, 1930, defines goods as "every kind of movable property other than actionable
claims and money; and includes stock and shares, growing crops, grass, and things attached to or forming part of
the land which are agreed to be severed before sale or under the contract of sale". Electricity, gas and water were
previously not considered as goods since earlier, there was no way to comprehend how these could be valued,
and therefore, there was doubt whether these objects could be sold or purchased. In 1958, however, the Law
Commission of India recommended certain amendments in the Act so as to make it clear that these objects came
under the purview of the definition of goods. This data field captures the amount earned by a company from the
sale of electricity, gas and water, as utilities.
Income from electricity and gas related activities can be in the form of sale of electricity, meter hire charges,
wheeling charges, other electricity service charges, sale of piped natural gas, sale of compressed or liquefied natural
gas (LNG), sale of industrial gases, gas transmission, gas service and fitting.
Wheeling charges refer to revenue earned by an electricity generating company from the transmission of electricity
to a distribution company.
The government, on 26 May 1997, had introduced a mechanism to generate additional cash flow for electricity
generating companies by allowing them to collect advance against depreciation (AAD) by way of a tariff charge.
However, AAD collected by way of tariff to mobilise additional cash by such companies is not income for the
purpose of determination of their net profit. Such an amount is an advance received under an obligation to adjust it
in future. Thus, any amount received as an AAD does not form part of sales.
Storage and distribution of natural gas, and electricity transmission & distribution are classified as utilities. Hence,
income from sale of natural gas and electricity is treated as industrial sales even if these are traded.
Income from sale of gas would also include the income earned by a company for transporting fuel through a
pipeline.
Income from the sale of conversion kits, receptacles, pipes & cables and other fittings of electricity and gas com-
panies are not captured here. These are captured elsewhere.
Income from all the above sources is recorded gross of electricity duty or other indirect taxes and levies. It is also
gross of discounts for prompt payments, cash discounts, etc.
This data field also includes the sale of water as a utility. This is, however, distinct from the sale of bottled water
as a consumer durable. Thus, revenues from the sale of packaged drinking water or mineral water would not be
included here. As opposed to this, sale of water as a utility by a municipal body forms part of this data field.

F ISCAL BENEFITS 519

Indicator : Fiscal benefits
Field : fiscal_benefits
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the fiscal benefits i.e related to tax and sales provided by the government (from central, state
or local governments).
The fiscal benefits are the subsidies, concessions, and exemptions given by the government.
In Prowess database, those fiscal benefits are captured that have been reported by the company in it’s annual report.
The fiscal benefits captured in Prowess database are as follows:
1. Export incentives including duty draw back, etc.
2. Fiscal benefits to oil companies
3. Sales tax, VAT and GST benefits
4. Other fiscal benefits and subsidies

520 E XPORT INCENTIVES INCLUDING DUTY DRAW BACK , ETC

Indicator : Export incentives including duty draw back, etc
Field : export_incentives
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the export incentives disclosed by the companies in the form of cash or cash equivalents.
Export incentives are usually in the form of duty drawbacks, excise rebates, import licenses, concession in import
duty and tax exemptions under the Income Tax Act.
Companies generally report such benefits under the following heads - export related benefits, duty drawback, export
incentives, sale of DEPB (Duty Drawback Passbook Scheme) license, etc.
Duty Drawback Passbook Scheme (DEPB) is an entitlement given to exporters for importing goods duty-free, in
proportion to their export earnings.
Duty drawback is an incentive given to the exporters of different categories of goods under the "Customs and
Central Excise Duty Drawback Rules, 1995". The duty drawback scheme is administered by the Directorate of
Duty Drawback in the Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
In the Pre-revised Schedule VI era, the export incentives disclosures by companies were not very standardised.
Few companies disclosed data on export incentives under ’other income’ schedule in the annual report. But at
times, it was shown as a part of the sales figure. When the company reported this item with sales, the amount of
export incentives was excluded from the sales value in the Prowess database and was reported under fiscal benefits.
In the revised Schedule VI, the export incentives disclosures by companies are standardised. The companies are
now required to report ’duty drawback and ’other export incentives’ under ’other operating revenue’ and not ’other
income’.

F ISCAL BENEFITS TO OIL COMPANIES 521

Indicator : Fiscal benefits to oil companies
Field : fiscal_benefits_to_oil_cos
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the fiscal benefits received by oil companies from the government.
On 1 April 2002, the Government of India notified the deregulation of pricing & distribution of petroleum prod-
ucts with the dismantling of the three-decade old administered pricing mechanism (APM). The dismantling of the
administered pricing mechanism means that oil companies are free to take independent decisions based on im-
port parity and market forces in pricing of petroleum products rather than being governed by the dictates of the
Government.
The dismantling of the APM also led to the winding down of the Oil Pool account. As per the announcement,
the Government was withdrawing from formal control of petroleum product pricing barring the price of Liquid
Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Kerosene (SKO) and was extending distribution rights for petroleum products to parties
other than Public Sector Units (PSUs) including multinational companies.
Since 2004-05, the government has been regulating the retail selling prices of the four sensitive petroleum products
sold by the PSU oil marketing companies to protect the consumer from the increasing price volatility and uncer-
tainty of the international oil prices. If the global crude oil price crosses a certain mark, the government steps in
to determine the retail prices of petrol, diesel, domestic LPG and kerosene. The oil marketing companies had to
incur huge revenue losses - or so called "under-recoveries" - for selling auto and cooking fuels at state-set prices
to help the government control inflation. These under-recoveries were borne partly by the government, by giving
them cash or special oil bonds and partly by state-run upstream firms such as Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Oil
India and Gail (India) and the rest by the OMCs themselves based on a certain subsidy-sharing formula.
In June 2010 the Indian government has moved to a regime of deregulating oil prices by allowing the prices of
gasoline to be market driven. This is seen to be helping the OMCs curb the huge revenue losses – or so called
"under-recoveries". The incentives in the form of cash, bonds or discounts received by oil companies are termed as
fiscal benefits.
The oil companies disclose fiscal benefits under ’Revenue from Operations’ in the annual reports, CMIE makes it
available in this data field.

522 S ALES TAX , VAT AND GST BENEFITS

Indicator : Sales tax, VAT and GST benefits
Field : sales_tax_vat_benefits
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the monetary benefits obtained by the companies from the sales tax authorities.
Sales tax benefits can either be in the form of set off, deferment or complete waiver.
Where a company can claim a set off against its sales tax liability and the set off amount is greater than the sales
tax liability, the company may show the excess set off as an income. Such income is recognised in this field.
Sales tax deferral cannot be captured as a part of sales tax and VAT benefits.
Sales tax deferral is effectively an interest-free loan which is to be repaid by the company after a specified period of
time. Sales tax collected by the company is also debited in the profit and loss account, however, the corresponding
credit is given to "Sales Tax Deferral Loan Account" under unsecured loans instead of cash / bank account as there
is no outflow of cash.
Waiver of sales tax in the form of an exemption does not show up in "Sales tax benefits". The company may be
provided a complete exemption from sales tax. Thus, the company does not collect the sales tax amount. It is
therefore not a part of the accounts and so cannot be reported in this data field although it is a fiscal benefit. Waiver
of sales tax in the form of a grant is captured here. Under this scheme the government does not provide the grants
directly, but allows the company to collect sales tax and at the same time exempts it from depositing the same with
the government treasury. This grant is thus an income that is reported in this data field.
However, if any such income accrues because of prepayment of sales tax liability that was supposed to be paid later
under the Sales Tax Deferral scheme it is classified by us as an extra-ordinary income and not a sales tax benefit.
This data-field also captures the GST benefits received from government. For instance, Hindustan Unilever Limited
has received budgetary support in the form of GST refunds under Goods and Services Tax, from the Government
of India in relation to the existing eligible units under the different Industrial Promotion Schemes. The same has
been captured in this data-field.

OTHER FISCAL BENEFITS AND SUBSIDIES 523

Indicator : Other fiscal benefits and subsidies
Field : oth_subsidies
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the fiscal benefits other than export incentives, duty draw back, benefits derived by oil com-
panies from the government and sales tax benefits.
Government grant and subsidies related to operations are reported in this data field. Government grant and subsidies
unrelated to operations are reported under ‘Revenue goverment grant’
Subsidies and fiscal benefits are granted by the government across sectors for the development of trade and econ-
omy. These may be fertiliser subsidies, concessions to companies engaged in power generation, , retention price
support received by sugar mills or various tax incentives. All such exemptions and concessions constitute other
fiscal benefits and subsidies.
The companies generally disclose other fiscal benefits and subsidies under ‘Other Operating Revenues’ in their
annual reports. However, some companies also disclose fiscal benefits and subsidies related to operations under
‘Other income’. CMIE makes them available in this data field.

524 OTHER INDUSTRIAL SALES

Indicator : Other industrial sales
Field : oth_industrial_sales
Data Type : Number
Description:
This is a residuary data field. It includes data pertaining to sales which does not get classified into specific data
fields under the head ’Industrial sales’.
For example, Kesar Enterprises Ltd. in the year 2016-17 has reported ‘Income from sale of Renewable Energy
Certificates’, the same has been captured in this data-field.

S ALES RETURNS 525

Indicator : Sales returns
Field : sales_returns
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the merchandise returned by the purchasers to the seller during the year.
Goods or stocks purchased or sold, being returned is a common practice in business. This may be on account of
various reasons like defect in goods, quality not matching the requirement of the purchaser, the buyer not needing
the stock, excess quantity shipped, excess quantity ordered, goods shipped too late, etc.
The value of such goods returned is deducted from the value of sales during the year. Thus, the data field "sale of
goods" excludes sales returns. If a company reveals the sales returns figure separately, it is not included as a part
of "sale of goods" in the Prowess database. The figure is posted in "sales returns".
This data item is captured as an addendum/additional piece of information in the Prowess database even though it
does not form a part of the income of the company.

526 T RADE DISCOUNT

Indicator : Trade discount
Field : trade_discount
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the trade discount reported by companies in their annual reports. Trade discount is a discount
on the list price granted by the seller to the buyer.
Usually, trade discount is not accounted for in the books of accounts of a company. But some companies report
sales gross of trade discount. In such cases the amount of trade discount is deducted from the gross sales and the
sales figure is reported net of trade discount. Further, in such cases the amount of trade discount is captured in this
data field as an additional piece of information.

I NCOME FROM NON - FINANCIAL SERVICES 527

Indicator : Income from non-financial services
Field : non_fin_services_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures that portion of a company’s income generated by way of providing all kinds of services
except from financial services. Non-financial services includes all kinds of trading activities (wholesale, retail,
department stores and malls), all types of transport services, hospitality/hotels and restaurant businesses, commu-
nication services (including telecommunication, courier and internet service), professional services (such as legal,
accounting, consulting including financial consultancy, rating), and personal or community services (like hospitals
& allied services such as pathological laboratories, blood banks, education, entertainment, research work, effluent
treatment plants etc). It also includes rental income of companies.
A substantial part of income from non-financial services is constituted by operational income of service companies.
What industrial sales are to manufacturing companies, income from non-financial services are to companies in the
service sector. Therefore, income from non-financial services would cover income from passenger fares/freight
earned by transport services companies, commission income earned by travel agents, income from hotels and
restaurants, telecommunication services income, income earned by recreational service providers like amusement
parks, water parks, income earned by advertising agencies, consultancy income including investment advisory or
management advisory services provided by financial service providers, income from medical services, license to
use rights, rent, royalty and technical know-how fees, income from ITES services like BPO, call centers, medical
transcription, legal transcription, etc.

528 T RADING INCOME

Indicator : Trading income
Field : trading_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
Trading income refers to income generated from the activity of buying and selling of goods. Trading income,
however, is distinct from income from trading in shares or other financial instruments. It is restricted to trading in
goods. Trading income pertains to the purchase of goods and selling it either as it is or after merely packing or
re-packing it, to another party, either at a profit or otherwise.
Often, there is a conflict in the interpretation of some activities as belonging to either manufacturing or trading. It
is common practice for a trading concern to purchase in bulk and package/repackage into smaller retail packets for
sale. Thus, if a company is engaged in selling after merely packing/re-packing goods, its income from such activity
is considered as a part of trading.
Subjecting goods to quality checks and branding, would amount to further processing of goods. Hence, goods
which are purchased and subsequently sold after quality checks and branding would no longer form part of trading
income. Since it amounts to further processing and value addition to goods, it tantamounts to manufacture. Thus,
if a company undertakes quality checks/branding and re-packing of the goods it has purchased, then it is deemed
to be engaged in manufacturing.
Often, companies are engaged in both manufacturing and trading of the same goods. In many such cases, trading
income is clubbed with the income head "sale of goods". CMIE delves into the quantitative details and the cor-
responding values of the product manufactured as well as purchased if they are provided by the company in the
schedules to accounts, in order to distinguish between trading income and manufacturing income. If the sales value
reported by the company for a product which is both produced as well as purchased is constituted by more than
fifty percent of quantities purchased, then, such sales would be classified as trading income even if the company
reports it as sale of goods in its Annual Report. Similarly, if the sale value comprises more than fifty percent from
quantities manufactured, then such sales would be classified as sale of goods. Thus, even if the company does not
report any trading income, CMIE may arrive at trading income for a company.
Sales of utilities such as electricity distribution, gas or water distribution are not considered trading income even
if such companies do not produce, but only distribute these objects. Such income is reported as a part of ’sale of
electricity, gas and water’, which in turn falls under industrial sales.

ROYALTY INCOME 529

Indicator : Royalty income
Field : royalty_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
Royalty means consideration received for transfer of rights in respect of a patent, invention, secret formula or
process, copy right literary, artistic or scientific work.It is made to the legal owner of the property.
This data field stores the royalty income of companies, under an explicit agreement, for the use of a physical or
intellectual property owned by another entity. It is a part of income from non-financial services provided by the
entity.
Royalty is usually paid on the use of natural resources, trademarks, brand names, patents, franchise etc. Publishing
companies pay royalties to authors. Companies that exploit reserves of natural resources such as crude oil, coal,
mineral ores, etc pay royalties to the government.

530 R ENT INCOME /O PERATING LEASE RENT INCOME

Indicator : Rent income/Operating lease rent income
Field : rent_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the rental income earned by companies by way of letting out land or other properties.
Storage income reported by companies is also included in this data field.
A rental agreement is distinct from a lease agreement. Rental agreements usually render shorter durations of
tenancy (often 30 days), which is automatically renewed unless either the tenant or the landlord terminates it via a
written notice. Also, terms of a rental agreement can be changed with a written notice. Lease agreements, on the
other hand provide for longer tenancy rights, which are set at the time of entering into the agreement. The tenant
has the right to utilise the underlying property for the specified tenure, unless he defaults in lease payments or
does not comply with other provisions of the agreement. During the tenure of the lease, the landlord can not raise
charges or change terms, without the permission of the tenant. Income from either is covered by this data field.

I NCOME FROM FINANCIAL SERVICES 531

Indicator : Income from financial services
Field : inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Description:
Total income of a company is classified by CMIE, into three broad categories: industrial sales, income from non-
financial services and income from financial services.
Companies do not present such a categorisation of their income in their financial statements. They usually provide
a break-up in terms of revenue from operations and other income. However, “revenue from operations” and “other”
have company-specific meaning and, often these are ambiguous terms that limit the comparability of information
across companies.
CMIE deploys a less ambiguous classification system that re-classifies the presented information into a more com-
parable form. CMIE uses the item descriptions provided by the companies and the information provided in the
various schedules and notes to re-classify the available information in this more comparable format.
Income from financial services is one of three major heads of classification of income used by CMIE. It comprises
two kinds of income:
1. those based on providing financial services for a fee, such as broking,
2. those based on providing funds and earning a return, such as in the form of interest, dividend, etc.
A company may or may not provide such a classification in its financial statements. However, CMIE uses the
detailed description available in the Annual Reports to categorise the income according to the above classification.

532 F EE BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES INCOME

Indicator : Fee based financial services income
Field : fee_based_fin_serv_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
Income from fee based financial services is the revenue earned usually by banks, non-banking finance companies,
merchant bankers, stock brokers, etc by providing services of financial intermediaries, commission agents and
underwriters. Broadly, fee based financial services income is in the form of:
1. Brokerage and commission
2. Guarantee fees
3. Underwriting commission
4. Portfolio management fees
5. Merchant banking fees
6. Public issue management fees
7. Corporate financial counselling fees
Each of the above is a service provided by a company to organise funds for its clients. In each of the cases, the
company is not providing the funds (in which case the income would be classified under “fund-based financial
service income”) but, it is providing services that would help its clients either raise or manage funds. The company
providing such a service is paid a fee for having provided the service and not for having provided the funds itself.
However, the following fees, which are closely related to helping companies raise or manage resources would not
be included as fee-based financial services income. They are included in non-financial services income because
they are in the nature of business consulting and not financial services.
1. Project finance counselling fees
2. Fees for arranging foreign collaborations
3. Fees for advising on acquisition and mergers
4. Fees for advising on capital restructuring
It is not necessary that fee based financial services is only provided by banks, non-banking finance companies,
merchant bankers, stock brokers, etc. Such services can be provided by other entities as well. Income earned from
all fee-based financial services by any type of company is recorded in this data field.
Income from fee based financial services is classfied into two broad categories viz. ‘Brokerage and financial
services fees’ and ‘other fee based financial services income’.

B ROKERAGE & COMMISSION FEES 533

Indicator : Brokerage & commission fees
Field : brokerage_fin_serv_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
Brokerage and financial services fees including commission on foreign exchange transactions and income from
money changing business is the income earned by banks, non-banking financial companies, stock brokers, etc. by
acting as intermediaries, commission agents and underwriters. It also includes income earned by them for providing
services like issuing demand drafts, credit cards etc.
The following types of financial services fees are included in this data field:
1. Commission for issuing letters of credit, guarantees, etc.
2. Underwriting commission
3. Commission on factoring services
4. Commission on collection, remittances and transfers
5. Brokerage on securities
6. Commission on letting out of lockers
7. Commission on other permitted agency business including consultancy and other services
All items are reported gross of sub-brokerage.
CMIE does not include consulting fees in this data field. Consulting fees is included under “income from non-
financial services”.
In the annual report, commission and brokerage income is reported by banks in the schedule of “other income”.
NBFCs report this income in the schedule of “income from operations” and sometimes under “other income”. At
times, the information may also be provided in Notes to Accounts. CMIE re-classifies the information to conform
to the definition provided above.

534 OTHER FEE BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES INCOME

Indicator : Other fee based financial services income
Field : oth_fee_based_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores income from financial services other than broking, issuing letters of credit, underwriting,
factoring, etc.
On a consolidated basis, this data field may also include insurance income, if any.

F UND BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES INCOME 535

Indicator : Fund based financial services income
Field : fund_based_fin_serv_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures income earned by the company by deploying funds. It refers to income from fund-based
activity. Such income primarily includes income earned from activities of investment and lending money.
Investments in shares and mutual fund units usually yield dividends, investments in government securities or corpo-
rate bonds and debentures yield interest and lending of money yields interest income. Lending of money includes
advances as well as lending in the overnight markets. It also includes money parked by banks with the RBI. Inter-
est income earned from investments in money market instrumens is included in this data field. Interest charged by
companies on trade receivables is also included in this data field. Other sources of income from financial services
would include leasing and hire purchase receipts, share of profit from partnership firms or subsidiaries.

536 I NTEREST INCOME

Indicator : Interest income
Field : interest_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
Interest income is the income earned from lending money. This includes interest earned by banks, NBFCs and
others from the loans and advances made by them, interest earned by them from deposits with RBI and from other
inter-bank balances and interest earned by any company from loans extended to others including their subsidiaries,
joint ventures, etc.
Interest income represents the most important and major component of total income of banks and NBFCs. Banks
usually disclose the break-up of their total income as “Interest earned” and ‘other income’. However, for an
industrial or non-finance services company it refers to income from loans and advances. In the case of these latter
companies, interest income is in the nature of non-operating incomes and is often disclosed as a part of “other
income”.
CMIE always captures interest income as gross interest income and not after netting out interest paid. Mostly, the
interest income value for banks in Prowess is similar to the value against “Interest earned” as reported in the profit
and loss account of the annual report. Very often, manufacturing and non-financial services companies report net
interest paid. However, to the extent the information is available in the company’s accounts, the entry under interest
income (and all its sub-components) is gross of interest payments. Further, interest income includes both domestic
as well as foreign interest income.
Under Ind AS, interest income from financial assets that are classified into ‘Amortised Cost’ or Fair Value through
Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)’ category are recognised using the effective interest rate (EIR) method.
Ind AS 109 defines the EIR method as the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts
through the expected life of the financial asset or financial liability to the gross carrying amount of a financial asset
or to the amortised cost of a financial liability.

I NTEREST ON ADVANCES MADE BY BANKS 537

Indicator : Interest on advances made by banks
Field : int_inc_bank_adv
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures interest income of only banks. Interest on loans and advances earned by non-banking
companies is captured in the data field “Interest income of companies other than banks”.
Interest earned by banks on loans & advances is one of the major source of income. The other major source
of income is interest earned by banks on investments. As per the RBI disclosure norms, banking companies
have to report income from interest on loans and advances under a separate head called “Interest/Discount on
Advances/Bills”. CMIE captures this into the data field “interest on advances made by banks”. Interest reported in
this data field includes:
1. Interest on all types of loans and advances like cash credit, demand loans, overdraft, export loans, term loans
2. Any overdue interest on such advances.
However, any interest subsidy relating to such advances received by a bank are not included in this data field but
are included under “other fiscal benefits and subsidies”. Besides, interest earned by banks from RBI and from other
banks is also reported separately and not included in this data field.
Recognition of interest income of banks is usually governed by the circular on prudential norms issued by the Re-
serve Bank of India. Accordingly, interest on advances is usually recognised on an accrual basis, except for income
from non-performing assets (NPAs) which is recognised as income only when it is actually received. However,
interest on advances against term deposits, National Saving Certificates, Indra Vikas Patrika, Kisan Vikas Patras
and Life Insurance policies is usually taken to income account on due date provided adequate margin is available
in the respective accounts.

538 I NTEREST EARNED BY BANKS FROM RBI & BANKS

Indicator : Interest earned by banks from RBI & banks
Field : int_inc_deposits_with_rbi_banks
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is applicable only to banks. It is the interest earned by banks on deposits it maintains with the
RBI and on inter-bank balances. Banks disclose such income, in their annual report, under the head “Interest on
balances with Reserve Bank of India and other inter-bank funds”.
There is a separate data field for interest earned by banks on their loans & advances. This data field differs from
that. The idea is to segregate interest earned from advances from the interest earned from the banking system.
Banks are required to maintain a level of cash deposit with RBI to adhere to the cash reserve ratio (CRR) norm
set by the RBI. CRR is the average cash balance which is in certain proportion to bank’s total Net Demand and
Time Liabilities (NDTL) within India. Banks earn interest on such deposits. This interest is included in this data
field. However, from the fortnight beginning 31 March 2007, RBI stopped paying any interest to banks on CRR.
The proposal of Ministry of Finance to provide interest on CRR has been welcomed by banks. At present, RBI is
against paying interest to banks on CRR. The aim of implementing CRR is to control the level of liquidity in the
economy. RBI fears that paying interest on CRR will loosen its grip on liquidity.
Apart from interest on CRR, banks also earn interest from RBI in the form of reverse repo rate. It is a rate at which
RBI borrows money from the banks. Like Cash Reserve Ratio(CRR), Reverse Repo is a tool used by RBI to absorb
excess liquidity from the economy. The only major difference between the two is the mandatory nature of CRR.
Also, interest earned on inter-bank deposits form a part of this data field.

I NTEREST EARNED BY BANKS ON INVESTMENTS 539

Indicator : Interest earned by banks on investments
Field : int_inc_by_banks_on_invest
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is applicable to banks only. Income earned on their investments by way of interest is generally
reported by banks under a separate schedule “Interest Earned”. This interest income is reported here. As the name
suggests, this data field stores only the interest component of the income earned on investments. Income earned by
way of dividend is recorded elsewhere.
Like interest earned from loans & advances, interest earned by banks on investments is also a major source of
income for banks.

540 I NTEREST FROM OTHER SOURCES EARNED BY BANKS

Indicator : Interest from other sources earned by banks
Field : int_inc_oth_sources_banks
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is applicable only to banks. It includes interest earned by banks from sources other than loans &
advances, investments, RBI and other banks. This data field stores the interest earned value which is classified as
‘Others’ by the bank. The value of this field is captured from the schedule of ‘Interest earned’ given in the annual
report of the bank. This field includes income earned by banks from money market operations.

I NCOME EARNED BY BANKS FROM MONEY MARKET OPERATIONS 541

Indicator : Income earned by banks from money market operations
Field : int_inc_mm_oper_banks
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is applicable only to banks. Money market instruments include call money, repos, Treasury bills,
Commercial Paper, Certificate of Deposit and Collateralized Borrowing and Lending Obligations income earned
by banks on such operations are stored in this date field. (CBLO). Money market operations provide investment
avenues of short term tenor. By definition, money market is for a maximum tenor of up to one year. These are
mostly undertaken by banks to meet their short term liquidity mismatches.

542 I NTEREST INCOME OF COMPANIES OTHER THAN BANKS

Indicator : Interest income of companies other than banks
Field : int_inc_non_banks
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores income earned by companies other than banks in the form of interest. Interest earned by banks
is stored elsewhere. Non-banking companies earn interest from many sources. Some of the important sources are
mentioned below:
• Deposits maintained with banks
• Investments
• Overdue trade receivables
• Loans and advances
• Money market operations
Total revenue earned by a company is reported in the profit & loss statement of the annual report. Companies
give a broad break-up of the total revenue as ’Revenue from operations’ and ‘Other income’. Interest income of
non-banking companies is mostly reported in the detailed break-up provided in the schedules/notes to accounts.

I NTEREST FROM BANKS 543

Indicator : Interest from banks
Field : int_inc_from_banks
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the interest earned by companies from banks. Interest is earned on deposits which the company
maintains with the banks. These are mostly fixed deposits. Interest earned by banks from RBI and other banks is
stored in the field ‘Interest earned by banks from RBI & banks’.
Total revenue earned by a company is reported in the profit & loss statement of the annual report. Companies give a
broad break-up of the total revenue as ’Revenue from operations’ and ‘Other income’. Interest income from banks
is mostly reported in the detailed break-up of ‘Interest income’ in the schedule/notes to accounts.

544 I NTEREST INCOME OF COS OTHER THAN BANKS FROM INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Interest income of cos other than banks from investments
Field : int_inc_from_investments
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income earned by companies on their investments. Interest earned by banks on their
investments is stored in the field ‘Interest earned by banks on investments’.
Many companies give a break-up of their interest income from investment into interest income from long term
investments and interest income from short term investments. This break-up is captured in their respective fields.
give a broad break-up of the total revenue as ’Revenue from operations’ and ‘Other income’. Interest income from
investments of non-banking companies is mostly reported in the detailed break-up provided in the schedules/notes
to accounts.
Under Ind AS, interest income from financial assets that are classified into ‘Amortised Cost’ or Fair Value through
Other Comprehensive Income (FVOCI)’ category are recognised using the effective interest rate (EIR) method.
For instance, TCS Ltd. in the year 2017-18 has reported ’Interest income on financial assets carried at amortized
cost’, ‘Interest income on financial assets fair valued through other comprehensive income’. These interest income
have been captured in this data-field.

I NTEREST INCOME OF COS OTHER THAN BANKS FROM SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS 545

Indicator : Interest income of cos other than banks from short term investments
Field : int_inc_from_st_investments
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income earned by companies, in the form of interest, from short term investments. The
short term investments made by the company are for a period of less than one year. This data field stores interest
on short term investments earned by non-banking companies. Interest from investments earned by banks is stored
in the field ‘Interest earned by banks on investments’.
give a broad break-up of the total revenue as ’Revenue from operations’ and ‘Other income’. Interest income
from short term investments of non-banking companies is mostly reported in the detailed break-up provided in the
schedules/notes to accounts.

546 I NTEREST INCOME OF COS OTHER THAN BANKS FROM LONG TERM INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Interest income of cos other than banks from long term investments
Field : int_inc_from_lt_investments
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income earned by companies, in the form of interest, from long term investments. The
long term investments made by the company are for a period of more than one year. This data field stores interest
on long term investments earned by non-banking companies. Interest from investments earned by banks is stored
in the field ‘Interest earned by banks on investments’.
from long term investments of non-banking companies is mostly reported in the detailed break-up provided in the
schedules/notes to accounts.

I NTEREST INCOME OF COS OTHER THAN BANKS ON OVERDUE TRADE RECEIVABLES 547

Indicator : Interest income of cos other than banks on overdue trade receivables
Field : int_inc_overdue_trade_recv
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income received by non-banking companies in the form of interest received on overdue
trade receivables. Trade receivables represent the amount due from debtors as a result of selling goods on credit.
This credit is given to debtors for a specific period of time. Companies may charge interest on these receivables if
they turn overdue.
Some companies may charge penalty on overdue receivables. These are mostly electricity companies. CMIE
captures penalty received by companies on overdue receivables in this field.

548 I NTEREST INCOME OF COS OTHER THAN BANKS FROM LOANS AND ADVANCES

Indicator : Interest income of cos other than banks from loans and advances
Field : int_inc_loans_and_advances
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income earned by non-banking companies in the form of interest on loans and advances.
Interest on loans and advances earned by banks is captured in the field “Interest on advances made by banks”.
The interest amount captured in this field is the sum of interest on short term and long term loans and advances.
These loans and advances include advances given to employees, suppliers, etc.
This data field also captures the interest income earned on finance leases.
loans and advances of finance companies is revenue from operations and that of non-finance companies is other
income. Interest earned from loans and advances is mostly reported in the detailed break-up of ‘Interest income’
in the schedule/notes to accounts.

I NTEREST INCOME OF COS OTHER THAN BANKS FROM MONEY MARKET OPERATIONS 549

Indicator : Interest income of cos other than banks from money market operations
Field : int_inc_from_mm_oper
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores income earned by non-banking companies in the form of interest earned from money market
operations. Interest earned by banks from money market operations is stored in the field “Income earned by banks
from money market operations”.
Money market instruments include call money, Treasury bills, Commercial Paper, Certificate of Deposit, Liq-
uidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) lending, Reverse Repo lending, Collateralized Borrowing and Lending Obliga-
tions(CBLO), etc. Money market operations provide investment avenues of short term tenor. By definition, money
market is for a maximum tenor of up to one year.
money market operations of finance companies is revenue from operations and that of non-finance companies is
other income. Interest earned from money market operations is mostly reported in the detailed break-up of ‘Interest
income’ in the schedule/notes to accounts.

550 I NTEREST INCOME OF COS OTHER THAN BANKS FROM OTHER SOURCES

Indicator : Interest income of cos other than banks from other sources
Field : int_inc_from_other_sources
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores income earned by non-banking companies in the form of interest earned from sources other
than banks, investments, loans & advance, overdue trade receivables and money market operations. The value
captured in this field could be interest earned by companies on deposits maintained with other companies.
from other sources of finance companies is revenue from operations and that of non-finance companies is other
income. Interest earned from other sources is mostly reported in the detailed break-up of ‘Interest income’ in the
schedule/notes to accounts. Sometimes, finance companies give a part of interest income from other sources in
their ‘Other income’ schedule. This value along with the value of interest from other sources value given in the
‘Interest income’ schedule is clubbed together and captured in this field.

I NTEREST EARNED BY NON - BANKING COMPANIES FROM GROUP COMPANIES 551

Indicator : Interest earned by non-banking companies from group companies
Field : int_inc_gp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Companies often lend monies to their subsidiaries, joint venture firms, companies under the same management /
group. Interest income earned from these sources is shown in this data field. This includes interest earned from
investments, loans and advances, trade receivables, etc. The advances could be of short term or long term. Interest
income on any such lending is included here. This data field also includes interest earned by corporates on any
outstanding dues with respect to any sales made/services provided to subsidiaries.
Companies do not directly disclose such information in their accounts. However, often such information is found
in the notes to accounts.

552 D IVIDEND INCOME

Indicator : Dividend income
Field : dividends
Data Type : Number
Description:
Dividend income can be defined to include a variety of payments accruing to the holder of an investment, which are
in the nature of distributions of profits. This data field captures dividend income earned by a company. A company
earns dividend from its investments in an array of instruments, some of them being equity shares, mutual funds and
preference shares. This data field also includes income from dividends doled out by subsidiary companies.
As per Accounting Standard 9 (AS-9) on Revenue Recognition issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India (ICAI), dividend from investments in shares are recognised in a company’s profit & loss account only when
a right to receive payment is established. As per Accounting Standard 13 any dividend received on equity shares
generally represents return on investment and should be credited to the profit and loss account. However in case
dividend has accrued on any investment for a period prior to the acquisition thereof and was paid out subsequent
to acquisition, it amounts to dividend paid out of pre-acquisition profits. It would, therefore, represent recovery of
cost and should be treated as a capital receipt to be reduced from the cost of investments.
Income from investments for non-banking companies may also include "interest" earned on investments. If a com-
pany does not divulge details of such income, the entire amount reported as income from investments is assumed
to be dividend income and is captured in this data field.

D IVIDEND INCOME FROM SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS 553

Indicator : Dividend income from short term investments
Field : div_frm_st_investments
Data Type : Number
Description:
Dividend income can be defined to include a variety of payments accruing to the holder of an investment, which are
in the nature of distributions of profits. A company earns dividend from its investments in an array of instruments,
some of them being equity shares, mutual funds and preference shares.
The revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, has made it mandatory for companies, other than banking
companies, to bifurcate certain items into long and short term categories, depending on when they are expected
to be paid off or when they are expected to mature. Accordingly, investments are categorised into long term and
short term, depending on whether they are expected to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date or
otherwise. Consequently, it is possible to bifurcate a company’s dividend income on the basis of the corresponding
investment category from which it arises.
This data field captures dividend income earned by a company on its short term investments, i.e. investments in
equity, mutual funds, preference shares, etc, held for a period not exceeding 12 months.

554 D IVIDEND INCOME FROM LONG TERM INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Dividend income from long term investments
Field : div_frm_lt_investments
Data Type : Number
Description:
Dividend income includes all payments accruing to the holder of an investment, which are in the nature of distri-
butions of profits. A company earns dividend from its investments in an array of instruments, some of them being
equity shares, mutual funds and preference shares.
The revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, requires companies, other than banking companies, to
bifurcate certain items into long and short term categories, depending on when these items are expected to be paid
off or when they are expected to mature. Accordingly, investments are categorised into long term and short term,
depending on whether they are expected to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date or otherwise.
Consequently, it is possible to bifurcate a company’s dividend income on the basis of the corresponding investment
category from which it arises.
This data field stores dividend income earned on long term investments, i.e. investments in equity, mutual funds,
preference shares, etc, held for a period exceeding one year.

D IVIDEND FROM GROUP COMPANIES 555

Indicator : Dividend from group companies
Field : div_frm_subsi
Data Type : Number
Description:
Income earned by a company as dividend from investments in shares of companies belonging to the same group as
itself is reported in this data field.
Since banks are required to report their financial statements in accordance with the format prescribed by the Bank-
ing Regulation Act, 1949, they report this income under the head "income earned by way of dividends, etc. from
subsidiaries/companies/joint ventures abroad/in India". Hence, in case of banks, unless any break up of information
regarding the amount received from group companies is provided, no information is posted in this field.
As per the disclosure requirements under ICAI’s Accounting Standard 13 (AS-13), dividend income must be dis-
closed separately in the profit and loss account (separately showing dividends earned from subsidiary companies).
Accordingly, companies separately disclose the value of this income either in its schedule of other income or in the
notes to accounts.

556 B ILL DISCOUNTING

Indicator : Bill discounting
Field : bill_discounting_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
Income earned by discounting bills of exchange are captured in this data field.
Banks and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) purchase bills of exchange, promissory notes, etc. before
they are due and make payments to the sellers of these instruments after deducting some amount from the face
value of the bill as discounting charges. The discounting charges so deducted are referred to as the income of from
bill discounting.
The money paid by the bank/NBFC to the seller is practically like an advance made by the bank and the bill
discounting income is like the interest income of the bank. When the bill or note matures, the bank collects the
proceeds of the bill.
Bill discounting income may be from discounting of the original bills or from the bills already discounted. In the
latter case, the income is referred to as income from bill re-discounting/ commission on re-discounting. Even such
income is included in this field.
Companies generally report this income as a part of the schedule of total income or other income. The information
pertaining to bills discounted is sometimes available in the notes to accounts.
As per the format prescribed by The Banking Regulation Act, 1949, income from bill discounting is clubbed
along with interest income and reported in the schedule of interest earned as interest / discount on advances / bills.
However, in most cases, information on income from bill discounting is available separately. In such cases, the
data field is captured here.

L EASING & HIRE PURCHASE INCOME 557

Indicator : Leasing & hire purchase income
Field : leasing_hp_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field contains income from hire purchase and leasing operations.
According to the accounting standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), a lease is
an agreement whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for a payment or series of payments the right to
use an asset for an agreed period of time.
There are two types of leases – finance lease and operation lease. Income from finance lease is covered by this data
field. Income is in the form of rent.
A finance lease is a lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incident to ownership of an asset.
A lease is classified as a finance lease if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incident to ownership.
Title may or may not eventually be transferred.
Hire purchase is an agreement whereby the hirer agrees to pay installments to the vendor and the asset hired
becomes the property of the hirer upon the payment of the last installment. Hire-purchase charges earned by
NBFCs by financing cars, two wheelers, televisions and other consumer durables are also reported in this data
field.
Companies engaged in the business of leasing often report such charges/rentals received as their main income under
the head ‘Income from Lease and Hire Purchase’. Some common terms used for reporting this source of income
are lease rentals, hire purchase charges, income from lease and lease management fees.

558 L EASE EQUALISATION ADJUSTMENT

Indicator : Lease equalisation adjustment
Field : gain_lease_equalisation_adj
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the excess of the minimum statutory depreciation over the rental received on the leased out
asset.
Leasing is a financing transaction. If the statutory depreciation charged on the leased out asset is more than the
income received as lease rental from that asset, the excess is treated as income. It is not real income but an
adjustment entry to set off the excess depreciation charged as an expense.
Entries in the lease equalisation adjustment account arise only on lease transactions entered into before 1 April
2001. This is because all leases entered into prior to this date were governed by the Guidance Note on leases
issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. However with the introduction of new accounting standard
on leases from 1 April 2001, this guidance note stands repealed and hence no lease equalisation adjustment account
was required thereafter.
The schedule to the income or the notes to accounts provide the value of lease equalisation as may be already
adjusted by the company while arriving at the gross value of income from lease rentals. Most companies show the
gross value of lease rentals and equalisation. However, the Prowess database shows both the amounts separately in
two different data fields.

S HARE OF PROFIT IN PARTNERSHIP AND JV FIRMS 559

Indicator : Share of profit in partnership and JV firms
Field : gain_frm_partnership_jv_subsi_oth
Data Type : Number
Description:
A company may have an investment into a partnership firm (sometimes called a joint venture partnership). If such
a partnership firm distributes profits, the company would report its share of such profits in the partnership firm as
its income. Sometimes a company may report a profit from a subsidiary as its income although subsdiaries usually
provide dividends. When a company specifically reports share of profits from a partnership or a subsidiary or a
joint venture or a some such entity CMIE reports such a source of income under this data field.

560 P ROFIT ON SECURITISATION / ASSIGNMENT OF ASSETS AND LOANS

Indicator : Profit on securitisation/assignment of assets and loans
Field : gain_sectsn_of_ast_loans
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the gain or profit during the year to the company on account of the sale of its securitised
assets. When the securitised assets are derecognised from the company’s balance sheet by either transfer to a
special purpose entity or by a sale and consideration is received for the same, the company books profit or gain on
securitised assets. Such profit or gain is captured in this data field.
Securitisation of assets means conversion of existing or future cash in-flows into securities which can be traded
in the market. When future cash-flows are securitised, they can be used to raise resources in the present. Thus,
borrowings are raised against cash inflows expected from financial assets such as mortgage loans, automobile loans,
trade receivables, credit card receivables, fare collections, etc.
Borrowings are in the form of debt instruments called Pay Through Certificates or Pass Through Certificates (PTC)
which carry a fixed rate of return to the investors.
The whole process is done through the formation of Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) which purchases the assets
of the originator and raises funds against these assets, from the investors. The originator is the entity that has the
financial assets but wants immediate funds. Investors, primarily called the “holders of beneficial interest”, are the
entities that lend money to the SPV in the form of investing in the PTCs issued by the SPV
The amount to be paid by the SPV to the originator depends on the quality of assets securitised. If the assets
securitised are valued higher than their book value, then the originator makes a profit on securitisation of these
assets. Though such a case is quite rare, there are assets which do command a premium in the market. This can be
explained with a couple of examples:
Consider a company that has investments carrying floating rate of interest and that market conditions warrant a rise
in the interest rates in future. Such a company can negotiate for a higher value for these investments compared to
their book value. It can thereby book a profit upon the securitisation of assets with an SPV.
Any profit booked on securitisation of assets is shown only under this data field and not clubbed with any other
head even if this forms the main activity of the company.
The Act which governs securitisation process is “Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and En-
forcement of Security Interest Act” also called the Securitisation Act 2002.

I NCOME FROM TREASURY OPERATIONS 561

Indicator : Income from treasury operations
Field : inc_treasury_operations
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income earned by the company from its treasury operations. While treasury operations
is not strictly defined, it generally refers to the operations such as investments, cash management, hedging etc.
undertaken for managing the liquidity requirements of the company as also for optimising returns on the idle funds
of the company in the normal course of business.
Under IGAAP, Income from treasury operations largely includes the following:
1. Gain on securities transaction and on sale of investments
2. Gain relating to forex transactions
3. Adjustments to the carrying amount of investments-reversals
Under Ind-AS, Income from treasury operations consists of following:
1. Gain on financial instruments
2. Gain relating to forex transactions
3. Adjustments to the carrying amount of investments-reversals
The data field stores the profit or gain from a buy or sell transaction in a treasury operation. Income from treasury
operations includes gain from sale of investments, but it does not include income such as dividend or interest
income emanating as a result of such investments. There are separate data fields for dividend income and interest
income and such income is captured appropriately in these data fields.

562 G AIN ON SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS & ON SALE OF INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Gain on securities transactions & on sale of investments
Field : gain_securities_trans_invest_sales
Data Type : Number
Description:
Gain on securities transactions includes profits earned by the company from:
1. Sale of investments
2. Buyback of equity shares
3. Buyback of other securities
4. Other transactions involving securities and investments
While this profit is part of non-operating incomes for non-finance companies, it is part of operating incomes for
banks, NBFCs and investment companies.
This data field records the total profit on securities transactions of a company. It includes profit on current invest-
ments as well as on transactions in long term securities.

P ROFIT ON LONG TERM INVESTMENT AND SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS 563

Indicator : Profit on long term investment and securities transactions
Field : gain_sale_lt_invest
Data Type : Number
Description:
Any profit on sale of long term investments or through transactions of long term securities is reported as profit on
long term investments.
The definition of long term investment underwent a subtle change when the schedule VI was revised. Before the
revision, long term investment, as specified by AS-13, represented investment which was intended to be held for a
period of more than a year from the date on which such investment was made. Long term investment so defined
continued to be classified as long term investment even if it was intended to be sold during the year or even if it
was due to mature during the year.
Therefore, prior to the revision of schedule VI, profit on long term investment included even profit on sale of such
long term investment the residual period of which was less than year i.e. long term invesment due to be sold/mature
during the current year.
Post the revision of schedule VI, investments due to be sold or due to mature within 12 months of the balance sheet
are classified as current investments. Long term investments therefore are investments with a balance life of more
than 12 months from the balance sheet date. Post the schedule VI revision, therefore, porfit on sale of long term
investment included profit only on those long term investments which were not intended to be sold for a period of
12 months or which were not due to mature for a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.
As per Accounting Standard 13 of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, long term investments are carried
at cost, except, when there is a permanent decline in the value of such investments.
Under Ind AS, as per Ind AS - 109, Financial assets are derecognized when the right to receive cash flows from
the assets has expired, or has been transferred/sold, and the Company has transferred substantially all of the risks
and rewards of ownership. The gain or loss arising due to derecognition is recoginzed in Profit and Loss. This data
field captures the gain arising on sale/transfer of financial assets being long-term investments.
If a company reports the gain on investment to be long term or if it can be determined from the information provided
that the investment was held for a period beyond twelve months, CMIE posts the amount of gain in this data field.
The company may report this head either as a separate item or as a part of the schedule for other income. Sometimes
the information is also available in the notes to accounts.

564 P ROFIT ON CURRENT INVESTMENT AND SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS

Indicator : Profit on current investment and securities transactions
Field : gain_sale_curr_invest
Data Type : Number
Description:
Profit on sale of short term investments or through transactions of short term securities is reported as “Profit on sale
of current investments”. These values are stored in this data field.
A current investment, as defined by AS 13, is readily realisable and is intended to be held for not more than a year
from the date on which such investment is made.
However, the revised schedule VI applicable to financial statements presented on or after 1 April 2012 stipulates
that the classification is to be with reference to the period to maturity or sale from the the balance sheet date and
not the date of making the investments. If the investment is maturing or is intended to be sold within a period of 12
months from the balance sheet date, then such investment is to be classified as current investment. To this extent,
the profit on sale of current investment has undergone a corresponding change.
As per ICAI’s Accounting Standard 13, current investments are carried at lower of cost or fair market value.
field captures the gain arising on sale/transfer of financial assets being current investments.
Under Ind AS, the gain on F&O, hedging, speculation, derivatives, swaps etc. are not captured in this data-field.
They are reported as ‘Gain on financial derivative instruments’.
Under IGAAP, the term ’securities’ used in this data field is understood to also include commodity futures contracts,
currency futures contracts, etc. on which a company may earn profits. Thus, gain on such contracts are also included
in this data field.
“Gain on sale of current investments” or “profit on securities trading” are posted in this data field. However,
finance companies dealing in shares and securities may report Opening Stock, Purchase, Sale and Closing stock
of shares/securities and they may not provide the gain in trading amount separately. In such cases, CMIE reports
the gain by adding up the closing stock and sale value of investments/securities and deducting thereof the value of
Opening Stock and the purchase cost of shares and securities. This gain on trading in shares/securities is reported
to be “short term”.

P ROFIT ON REVALUATION OF INVESTMENTS 565

Indicator : Profit on revaluation of investments
Field : gain_reval_invest
Data Type : Number
Description:
One of the basic tenets of preparation of accounts is to present a conservative picture. Thus, any appreciation in the
value of investments is usually ignored. RBI guidelines on valuation of investments requires banks to ignore any
net appreciation in the value of investments as it represents unrealised profits.
However, some companies including very few financial services companies sometimes book profits on revaluation
of investments. Such booking of profits is recorded in this data field.
Companies disclose the value of profit on revaluation of investments in the detailed break-up of ‘Other income’.
This detailed break-up is given in the schedules/notes to accounts of the company’s annual report.
As against such profits, the companies may also report loss on revaluation of investments. This loss on revaluation
is not netted off against the gain on revaluation. Both, loss as well as gain on revaluation are reported separately in
the Prowess database. This data field captures the gain.

566 G AIN RELATING TO FOREX TRANSACTIONS

Indicator : Gain relating to forex transactions
Field : gain_forex_trans
Data Type : Number
Description:
Companies that have foreign currency transactions could earn profits on account of fluctuation in foreign exchange
rates. These profits are reported in this data field as gain relating to forex transactions.
Companies generally report such income under the head “Gain from foreign exchange transactions”, “Net profit
on forex transactions” or “Foreign exchange income”. This income head generally appears as a part of the “other
income” schedule. However, sometimes companies report this as a separate head in the profit and loss account.
‘Gain on forward Contract ", “Discount on forex transaction” are not captured in this data-field. ’Gain on forward
Contract’ is captured as ‘Profit on current investment and securities transactions’ under IGAAP and as ‘Gain on
financial derivative instruments’ under Ind-AS and ’Discount on forward contract’ is captured as ‘Other financial
services income’.
The foreign exchange income reported by the companies is mostly net of the loss incurred. Details are sometimes
available in notes to accounts. CMIE records the income on a gross basis. The loss, if any, is reported separately
under the data field “Loss relating to forex transactions” as an expense.
The notes to accounts, in most cases, provide the value of the loss incurred by the company in foreign currency
transactions. If the same is available and if the foreign exchange income is reported by the company on a net basis,
then it is added to the foreign exchange income so as to arrive at the gross value.

A DJUSTMENTS TO THE CARRYING AMOUNT OF INVESTMENTS - REVERSALS 567

Indicator : Adjustments to the carrying amount of investments-reversals
Field : prov_dimun_invest_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
Any reversal of provisions made in the past for diminution in the value of investments is reported in this data field.
Long term investments and investments classified as held-to-maturity are usually carried at cost. However, when
there is a permanent decline in their value, the amount is reduced to recognise such a decline. This diminution is
charged to the profit and loss account. But if subsequently there is a rise in the value of these investments or if the
reasons for the provisions no longer exist then this provision for diminution in the value of investments is reversed.
Such a reversal is reported in this data field.

568 A DJUSTMENTS TO THE CARRYING AMOUNT OF SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS - REVERSALS

Indicator : Adjustments to the carrying amount of short term investments-reversals
Field : adj_carrying_amt_st_invest_reversal
Data Type : Number
Description:
Any reversal of provisions made in the past for diminution in the value of short term investments is reported in this
data field.
Part of income is set aside to cover potential loss in the value of investments. When such loss is unlikely, such
provisions are written back. They are added to the income of the year in which they are written back. Such written
back value is captured in this data field.

A DJUSTMENTS TO THE CARRYING AMOUNT OF LONG TERM INVESTMENTS - REVERSALS 569

Indicator : Adjustments to the carrying amount of long term investments-reversals
Field : adj_carrying_amt_lt_invest_reversal
Data Type : Number
Description:
Any reversal of provisions made in the past for diminution in the value of long term investments is reported in this
data field.

570 OTHER FUND BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES INCOME

Indicator : Other fund based financial services income
Field : other_fund_based_fin_services_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
Fund based financial service income refers to income earned by deploying funds. It refers to income from fund-
based activity. Such income primarily includes income earned from activities of investment and lending money.
Investments in shares and mutual fund units usually yield dividends, investments in government securities or corpo-
rate bonds and debentures yield interest and lending of money yields interest income. Lending of money includes
advances as well as lending in the overnight markets. It also includes money parked by banks with the RBI. Inter-
est income earned from investments in money market instrumens is included in this data field. Interest charged by
companies on trade receivables is also included in this data field. Other sources of income from financial services
would include leasing and hire purchase receipts, share of profit from partnership firms or subsidiaries.
This data field captures other fund based financial services income, if the company has not disclosed the nature of
fund based financial service income in the annual report or it cannot be accommodated in any other classification
of fund based financial service income specified in CMIE database.

OTHER FINANCIAL SERVICES INCOME 571

Indicator : Other financial services income
Field : other_fin_services_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
Income from financial services is one of three major heads of classification of income used by CMIE. It comprises
two kinds of income:
• Those based on providing financial services for a fee, such as broking,
• Those based on providing funds and earning a return, such as in the form of interest, dividend, etc.
This data field captures other financial services income if the nature of such income is not disclosed by the company
in the annual report.

572 OTHER INCOME

Indicator : Other income
Field : oth_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income that the company may have received from sources other than those listed elsewhere
in the CMIE schema. It could include income in the form of expenses recovered or liquidated damages or claims
received. It would also include “miscellaneous income” or “other income” which is not explained any further in
the Annual Accounts.
As per revised schedule VI, any item under which income is less than Rs. 1,00,000 or 1 per cent of the total revenue
may be clubbed under ‘Miscellanoeus income’.
“Other income” is thus a relative data field and a field that does not have any particular definition except in the
negative that it includes all that is not included elsewhere.
In most cases, companies have an item called “Other income”, which is usually detailed in a Schedule. CMIE posts
the constituents of this Schedule in the data fields listed in the CMIE schema giving them a more befitting meaning
than just “other income”. CMIE does not post the “other income” as given in the Annual Report into this data field
unless there is no break-up available of the same. The effort is to salvage relevant information from the Schedules
and post these into appropriate data fields.
The “other income” reported in companies’ Annual Report is a figure that is largely non-comparable across compa-
nies or over time for the same company. CMIE’s effort at posting the constituents of the other income as available in
the schedules reduces this non-comparability. The remainder “other income” in many a case reduces to a negligible
value and, its degree of non-comparability is reduced correspondingly.
Other Income is the sum of the following three fields:
1. Expenses recovered
2. Liquidated damages/claims received
3. Amortisation of deferred income
4. Revenue government grant
5. Miscellaneous income
Under Ind AS, the fair value gain on agricultural produce and biological assets other than bearer plant is also
included in Other income.

E XPENSES RECOVERED 573

Indicator : Expenses recovered
Field : exp_recovered
Data Type : Number
Description:
Expenses recovered is the recovery of expenses incurred by the company for some other entity.
Many companies provide certain benefits to the employees at concessional rates such as subsidised lunch, travel
concession, medical benefits, etc. Part of the cost is borne by the company and the remaining is recovered from the
employees. (Although, such a disclosure is rarely made.) This recovery is reported in this data field as expenses
recovered. Similarly, expenses which are incurred on behalf of other entities like subsidiary companies, associated
companies, related parties, creditors, debtors, consignment agents, joint venturers etc, and later on recovered from
them are also reported as expenses recovered in this data field.
Sometimes, expenses recovered are reported as deduction from relevant expense head. However, CMIE consistently
reports expenses at gross value, and expenses recovered are reported separately as income in this data field.
Companies generally report the following heads as expenses recovered: salaries recovered, forwarding charges
recovered, transportation expenses recovered, operational expenses recovered, VSAT expenses recovered, either
under their income or deducted from their expense.

574 L IQUIDATED DAMAGES AND CLAIMS RECEIVED

Indicator : Liquidated damages and claims received
Field : liquidated_damages_recvd
Data Type : Number
Description:
Liquidated damages/ claims received/ penalties received refers to payments received from entities in lieu of their
failure to honour their commitments. It is a compensation for the harm that is caused by late delivery or untimely
performance.
CMIE views penal interests or delayed payment charges received by a company as interest income, and these are
thus reported under interest income and not under liquidated damages received.
Companies generally report these income sources in the schedule of other income. The notes to accounts also
provide this information.
In many cases, the liquidated damages recovered are adjusted with the liquidated damages incurred. If the infor-
mation regarding both is available then both the items are shown separately as gross figures and are not netted
off.

A MORTISATION OF DEFERRED INCOME 575

Indicator : Amortisation of deferred income
Field : amort_def_income
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the amount of deferred income that is amortised by entities in their profit and loss a/c during
the reporting period. However, the amount of deferred gain on sale or lease back transactions are not captured in
this data field, they are captured elsewhere.
If an entity presents "Amortisation of deferred income" in its profit and loss account and does not elaborate the
nature of the deferred income, then CMIE captures such amount in this data field.
Amortisation of deferred income related to specific income such as rent, guarantee income are not captured in this
field but they are captured in the respective fields available for such income.
This data field also includes the amount of capital government grant amortised in the reporting period. For instance,
the company ’KITEX GARMENTS LTD.’ in the year 2017-18 has received captial government grant in the form of
reimbursement of cost of capital assets under the TUFS, which is deferred & amortised to P & L by the company.
The amortised grant value shown by company in other income has been captured in this data field.

576 R EVENUE GOVERNMENT GRANT

Indicator : Revenue government grant
Field : revenue_govt_grant_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 12 (AS-12) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), govern-
ment grants can be recognised either in the nature of promoters’ contribution on the part of the government (capital
approach) or as an income (income approach). Whereas the capital approach involves crediting government grants
to capital reserve, in the income approach, the grant is recorded by companies as income on a systematic basis over
the periods corresponding with their related costs.
This data field captures government grants in the nature of revenue.
In annual reports, grants related to revenue are presented as a credit in the profit and loss statement, either separately
or under a general income heading such as other income. Alternatively, they are deducted in reporting the related
expenses. CMIE captures such information as Revenue Government Grant. However, Government grant in terms
of tax exemption or as an extension to the fiscal benefits does not form part of this data field. They are seperately
categorised as ’Fiscal Benefits’.
Grants provided by government for Technological Up-gradation (for eg. TUFS), Skill empowerment (For eg.
ISDS), industrial development, benefit in the form of power tariffs etc. which are recognised in profit and loss
statement are reported as Revenue Government Grant under this data field.
For instance, the company ’KITEX GARMENTS LTD.’ in the year 2017-18 has received revenue government
grant in the form of reimbursement of interest cost on borrowings under the TUFS, which is shown under the head
’other income’ by company as ’Subsidy Income - TUFS’, has been captured in this data field.

M ISCELLANEOUS INCOME 577

Indicator : Miscellaneous income
Field : misc_oth_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
The revenue earned by a company from “miscellaneous” sources or such other revenue heads which cannot be
classified into the available data fields of the CMIE schema, are reported under this data field.
The common terms encountered in the financial statements of companies (without any further explanation) that
would be entered in this data field include “Miscellaneous Income”, “Other Income”, “Sundry Income” and “Sun-
dries”.
If the company reports “Other Income” in its statement of profit & loss account but does not provide any details of
this other income anywhere in the Annual Report then, and only then, can this figure be captured as miscellaneous
income. This is a residuary head of income and is used only if income cannot be rightly classified in any other
available head of income.
Income from sale of tender documents is reported under miscellaneous income. Income earned by way of carbon
credit is also included under miscellaneous income. Any company, which reduces carbon dioxide emissions, is
entitled for carbon credits. Carbon credits, or CERs (carbon emission reductions), are tradable credits earned for
investing in projects that have lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions.
CMIE differentiates between the words “Miscellaneous income” and “Miscellaneous operating income” reported
by companies. “Miscellaneous income” is residual income which cannot be classified into any other available data
field of the CMIE schema. No further information is available in the Annual Report to determine whether it has
arisen from the carrying on of the main operational activity of the company. It is thus posted in this data field.
“Miscellaneous operating income” on the other hand is income that has arisen from the carrying on of the principal
operations of the company and is thus a part of its operating income.
If it is possible to post a miscellaneous operating income in an appropriate income head, such as sale of goods, job
work, non-financial services, fee-based or funds-based financial income, etc. then it is posted as such. Else, it is
posted in this data field.

578 I NCOME FROM CARBON CREDITS

Indicator : Income from carbon credits
Field : inc_carbon_credits
Data Type : Number
Description:
Carbon credits or certified emission reductions (CERs) are offsets of international emission trading schemes imple-
mented to mitigate global warming. It is a term for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit
one tonne of carbon dioxide or the mass of another greenhouse gas with a carbon dioxide equivalent to one tonne
of carbon dioxide. Those contributing more to the emission of green house gases, purchase carbon credits earned
by those who cut down on this front. This helps in achieving the end result of bringing down the global emission
level to the desirable level. The total annual emissions are capped and the market allocates a monetary value to any
shortfall in emission through trading. Businesses can exchange, buy or sell carbon credits in international markets
at the prevailing market price.
Carbon trading has opened a new means of earning for those cutting down on their carbon footprints. There are
two methods of earning carbon credits. Carbon Offset Credits, which consist of clean forms of energy production
– wind, solar, hydro and biofuels – and Carbon Reduction Credits which comprise the collection and storage of
carbon from the atmosphere through biosequestration (reforestation, forestation), ocean and soil collection and
storage efforts.
Income earned by companies by way of carbon credits is reported in this data field.
Sale of Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) is not captured in this data field, it is captured as Other industrial
sales.

P RIOR PERIOD AND EXTRA - ORDINARY INCOME 579

Indicator : Prior period and extra-ordinary income
Field : prior_period_extra_ordi_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
Prior period income is defined by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India as income which arises in the
current period as a result of errors or omissions in the preparation of the financial statements of one or more prior
periods. CMIE extends this definition to include all income which arises in the current period but pertains to prior
periods irrespective of whether this is because of errors or omissions in the previous periods.
Extraordinary income is income that arises from events or transactions that are clearly distinct from the ordinary
activities of the enterprise and, are not, generally, expected to recur frequently or regularly. These are limited
essentially to profit on sale of fixed assets and insurance claims.

580 P RIOR PERIOD INCOME

Indicator : Prior period income
Field : prior_period_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 5 of the Institute of Chartered Accountants, prior period income is the income which
arises in the current period as a result of errors or omissions in the preparation of financial statements of one or more
prior periods. The term does not include other adjustments necessitated by circumstances, which though relate to
prior periods, are determined in the current period. For e.g. refund of electricity duty, as a result of removal of its
levy on transformer and transmission loss of power with retrospective effect, during the current period.
However, CMIE reports all prior period related incomes irrespective of its accounting in the current year, as prior
period income.
CMIE classifies prior period income into two types - cash and non-cash. Bad debts recovered, sales tax/VAT
refunds and royalties received for the prior period are examples of cash income of a prior period while provisions
written back is an example of non-cash income of a prior period.

C ASH PRIOR PERIOD INCOME 581

Indicator : Cash prior period income
Field : cash_prior_period_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 5 of the Institute of Chartered Accountants, prior period income is the income which
arises in the current period as a result of errors or omissions in the preparation of financial statements of one or more
prior periods. The term does not include other adjustments necessitated by circumstances, which though relate to
prior periods, are determined in the current period. For e.g. refund of electricity duty, as a result of removal of its
levy on transformer and transmiss ion loss of power with retrospective effect, during the current period.
However, CMIE reports all prior period related incomes irrespective of its accounting in the current year, as prior
period income.
CMIE classifies prior period income into two types - cash and non-cash. Bad debts recovered, sales tax/VAT
refunds and royalties received for the prior period are examples of cash income of a prior period while provisions
written back is an example of non-cash income of a prior period.
This data field is the sum of bad debts recovered and any other cash prior period incomes.

582 BAD DEBTS RECOVERED

Indicator : Bad debts recovered
Field : bad_debts_recovered
Data Type : Number
Description:
Entities write off receivables which are irrecoverable for various reasons as "bad debts". Such a write off results in a
decrease in the value of its total receivables as it stands in its balance sheet. It is, however, possible that receivables
that were previously written off as bad debts are realised. Such a recovery of amounts previously written off as bad
debts are defined as "bad debts recovered".
The definition of prior period items as provided by the Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India (ICAI) does not consider bad debts recovered as a prior period item. However, notwithstand-
ing the fact that bad debts recovered is an adjustment necessitated by circumstances and does not arise due to errors
or omissions, the fact remains that it pertains to a preceding year. Hence, staying true to the term "prior period",
CMIE considers bad debts recovered as a prior period item.
Bad debts recovered are distinct from bad debt provision written back. While bad debts recovered is a cash receipt,
bad debt provisions written back is merely a reduction in the value of a provision, i.e. it is a non-cash item.
Consider a company that made a provision of Rs.10 million for bad debts in a particular accounting year. If the
actual bad debts eventually turn out to be lower, say only Rs.6 million of the company’s receivables turn out to be
irrecoverable in the subsequent year, the company would credit Rs.4 million as bad debts provisions written back,
while only Rs.6 million would be written off as bad debt. Going ahead, if in a further subsequent year the company
recovers another Rs.2 million from the portion that it had written off as bad debts, then it would credit this Rs.2
million as bad debts recovered.

C ASH PRIOR PERIOD INCOME EXCLUDING BAD DEBTS RECOVERED 583

Indicator : Cash prior period income excluding bad debts recovered
Field : oth_cash_prior_period_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This datafield captures all cash prior period income other than bad debts recovered. It could also be the combination
of bad debts recovered and / or other cash prior period incomes in cases where such break up is not available.
Refunds of all direct and indirect taxes as well as interest on such refunds are posted in this datafield.

584 I NCOME TAX REFUND ( INCLUDING INTEREST )

Indicator : Income tax refund (including interest)
Field : prior_period_income_tax_refund
Data Type : Number
Description:
Income tax refund is the amount which the Government gives back to a taxpayer who has paid excess taxes.
Consider a company that paid tax at a rate of 35 per cent on undistributed profits. At the end of a reporting period,
the company did not recognise a liability for dividends proposed or declared after the reporting date. As a result, no
dividends are recognised in the reporting year. However, in the subsequent year, the company recognises dividends
from previous operating profits as a liability. The company will then recognise the recovery of income taxes paid
during the previous year.
Since, the amount received as income tax refund pertains to prior period, CMIE reports it as a prior period item.
As per Section 244A of the Income Tax Act, 1961, a taxpayer is entitled to receive interest on tax refunds if the
amount of refund is more than 10 per cent of the total tax payable. CMIE posts the interest received on income tax
refunds in this datafield.

N ON - CASH PRIOR PERIOD INCOME 585

Indicator : Non-cash prior period income
Field : non_cash_prior_period_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
Non-cash items on a company’s financial statements are items that do not involve cash.
Thus, the datafield non-cash prior period income does not include actual income of the current year but reflect the
reversal of a prior year’s provision for expected liabilities or any other non-cash prior period liabilities which are
now unlikely to happen.
Significant non-cash items include provisions for depreciation, amortisation, tax, bad debts, employee benefits,
interests, repairs and maintenance, etc.

586 P ROVISIONS / IMPAIRMENT AND CREDIT BALANCES WRITTEN BACK

Indicator : Provisions/impairment and credit balances written back
Field : prov_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
A provision is an amount set aside from an entity’s profits for a known liability that is likely to occur in the future,
but who’s specific amount might not be possible to ascertain. It is a charge on an enterprise’s profit and loss
account for a liability that is estimated to arise in future. Accounting Standard 29 (AS-29) issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) describes provisions as liabilities which can be measured only by a
substantial degree of estimation. Accounting principles of conservatism imply that although an entity should make
provisions for all future losses, it should not recognise the probable gains. Thus, companies are obliged to make
provisions for expected losses or expected liabilities.
However, AS-29 also states that if it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle an
anticipated obligation, the provision should not be recognised, i.e. such a provision needs to be reversed. Thus, if
in subsequent years the expected liabilities do not arise and the provisions made for them in the previous years are
no longer valid, then such provisions are written back in the profit and loss account.
Such write-backs of provisions are not an entity’s actual income for the current year. Instead, they merely reflect
the reversal of prior years’ provisions for those expected liabilities which have eventually been found to be unlikely
to happen.
The instances of provisions being written back are as follows:-
1. Depreciation provision written back
2. Tax provisions written back
3. Bad debts provision written back
4. Other provisions/credit balances written back

D EPRECIATION PROVISION WRITTEN BACK 587

Indicator : Depreciation provision written back
Field : dep_prov_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
Income in the form of depreciation provision written back arises when an organisation changes its method of
providing depreciation or there were some errors or omissions in the previous year’s depreciation provision that are
being adjusted in the current year.
Depreciation is the measure of wear and tear of assets and it is charged as an expense in the profit and loss state-
ment. According to Accounting Standard 6(Depreciation accounting), depreciation is defined as “A measure of
the wearing out, consumption or other loss of value of a depreciable asset arising from use, effluxion of time or
obsolescence through technology and market changes. Depreciation is allocated so as to charge a fair proportion
of the depreciable amount in each accounting period during the expected useful life of the asset. Depreciation
includes amortisation of assets whose useful life is predetermined". It is a computed expired portion of an asset.
Although depreciation is charged to the profit and loss statement, it is not paid to any third party. It is a non-cash
expense of the company. Depreciation reduces total income on the profit and loss statement, but it does not reduce
the cash account on the balance sheet. The company retains the amount that has been charged as depreciation. It is
believed that such retained resources would be used for future reinvestment into the company to ensure at least the
current level of investments into assets.
As per Accounting Standard 6, when the accounting method of depreciation is changed, depreciation is recalculated
in accordance with the new method from the date of the asset coming into use. This change in the method of
providing for depreciation is adopted by companies only if the new method is required by statute or for compliance
with an accounting standard or if it is considered that the change would result in a more appropriate preparation
or presentation of the financial statements of the enterprise. The surplus if any is credited to the profit and loss
account in the year in which the method of depreciation is changed. This surplus is captured in this data field. The
deficiency arising out of change in method of providing for depreciation is captured separately in the data field
“Prior period depreciation”.
Accounting Standard 6 also states that a change in the method of providing for depreciation is a change in ac-
counting policy. Prowess has a separate data field for reporting gain arising from change in accounting policies.
However, companies change their accounting policies with respect to depreciation more often and therefore, a sep-
arate data field is created to report this item specifically instead of reporting it in the general field for change in
accounting policies.
According to Accounting Standard 5(Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items and Changes in Account-
ing Policies), the nature and amount of income or expenses which arise in the current period as a result of some
errors or omissions in the preparation of the financial statements of one or more prior periods should be separately
disclosed in the statement of profit and loss. Excess depreciation charged by companies in prior period/s which is
written off in the current period is captured in this data field.

588 TAX PROVISIONS WRITTEN BACK

Indicator : Tax provisions written back
Field : tax_prov_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
Tax provisions get written back when companies make provisions in earlier years that they later consider as exces-
sive. Tax provision is the provision made by an enterprise for the expected tax liability as per prevailing laws and
tax rates.
As per Accounting Standard 22 (AS-22), taxes on income are an expense incurred by the enterprise in earning
income, and accrue in the same period as the revenue and expenses to which they relate. Thus, the liability for
taxation arises on or before the last day of the year. As a result, the enterprise is required to make a provision for
the expected tax liability as per prevailing laws and tax rates, in the year in which the taxable income has been
earned.
Companies are required to make tax provisions in their financial statements after computing their taxable profits.
A company may be optimistic of its prospects in a year and may make provisions for taxes based on this optimism.
Subsequent events could make the management revise its expectations of the future that could imply a lower tax
provision than provided earlier.
In such a case, a company reverses the effect of the provision by writing back some or all of the tax provisions made
earlier. Companies generally report write backs of provisions made in earlier years for income tax. The current tax
provisions written back are reported in this data field. However, indirect tax provisions written back are reported
under “other provisions written back”.
Shortfall in the deferred tax credit & reversal of MAT related to earlier year’s recognised/adjusted in the current
year are not captured in this data field. They are captured as ‘Non-cash prior period income excluding provisions
written back’ under IGAAP and as ‘Other material/ exceptional income’ under Ind-AS.
Companies mostly disclose information on tax provision written back in the ‘Provision for tax’ section of the profit
and loss statement in their annual report.

W RITE BACK OF PROVISION AGAINST TRADE RECEIVABLES / ADVANCES 589

Indicator : Write back of provision against trade receivables/advances
Field : bad_debts_prov_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
account for a liability that is estimated to arise in future. However, it is not possible to correctly estimate a loss
that is expected in future, due to the element of uncertainty. Hence, there is a possibility that in a subsequent year,
a company might realise that it has made an excess provision. As a result, it might seek to reduce the amount
allocated to such a provision, by way of a write-back.
During any given year, a company may anticipate dues from certain debtors to be irrecoverable. Consequently, they
might make a provision for the same, i.e. a provision for bad debts. In subsequent years, however, there might be a
possibility of debtors hitherto considered bad clearing their dues. In such a case, that portion of the provision made
to the extent of amount realised is written back to the profit and loss account. Effectively, the excess provision
created in the past is reduced.
This data field captures such an excess amount of provision for bad debts that has been written back. Companies
may either report this amount under the other income schedule or reduce the amount from the provision for doubtful
debts made during the year.
Banks have to make provisions for non performing assets (NPAs) as per the prudential norms prescribed by the
Reserve Bank of India. Sometimes, actual loss on account of such NPAs turns out to be less than the amount
provided for. The difference is reported as ’Excess provision for NPAs written back’. Such write backs are also

590 W RITE BACK OF PROVISION FOR IMPAIRMENT OF INVESTMENTS ON GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Write back of provision for impairment of investments on group companies
Field : prov_impair_invest_gp_cos_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
A provision is an amount set aside from an entity’s profits for a known liability that is likely to occur in the
future, but who’s specific amount might not be possible to ascertain. It is a charge on an enterprise’s profit and
loss account for a liability that is estimated to arise in future. AS-29 & Ind-AS 37 on " Provisions, Contingent
Liabilities and Contingent Assets" describe provisions as liabilities which can be measured only by a substantial
degree of estimation. Accounting principles of conservatism imply that although an entity should make provisions
for all future losses, it should not recognise the probable gains. Thus, companies are obliged to make provisions
for expected losses or expected liabilities.
It is also stated that if it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle an anticipated
obligation, the provision should not be recognised, i.e. such a provision needs to be reversed. Thus, if in subsequent
years the expected liabilities do not arise and the provisions made for them in the previous years are no longer valid,
then such provisions are written back in the profit and loss account.
This data field captures the write back of provision made for impairment of investments in group companies.

OTHER PROVISIONS / IMPAIRMENT & CREDIT BALANCES WRITTEN BACK 591

Indicator : Other provisions/impairment & credit balances written back
Field : oth_prov_credit_bal_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
account for a liability that is estimated to arise in future. However, it is not possible to correctly estimate a loss
that is expected in future, due to the element of uncertainty. Hence, there is a possibility that in a subsequent year,
a company might realise that it has made an excess provision. As a result, it might seek to reduce the amount
allocated to such a provision, by way of a write-back. Write-offs are routed through the company’s profit and loss
account or general reserves.
Write-backs in all of a company’s provisions other than those pertaining to direct tax, depreciation and bad debts,
are captured in this data field. Also, write backs in any credit balances, like liabilities, which are no longer payable
are also captured in this data field. Thus, some of the items reported in this data field are:
1. Creditors no longer payable written off
2. Excess provision of taxes other than direct tax written back
3. Provision for loss on fixed assets written back
Sometimes, companies might simply report an amount under a general head like "provisions written back" without
specifying the nature of the provisions. In cases like that, Prowess captures such write-backs in this data field.

592 N ON - CASH PRIOR PERIOD INCOME EXCLUDING PROVISIONS WRITTEN BACK

Indicator : Non-cash prior period income excluding provisions written back
Field : oth_non_cash_prior_period_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
The data field captures non-cash prior period incomes other than provisions written back. These non-cash prior
period incomes consist of credit balances of workers/staff, unpaid wages/salary/bonus, liabilities written back, etc.
It could also be the combination of provisions written back and/or other non-cash prior period incomes in cases
where such break-up is not available. Where companies report figures as prior period adjustments without divulging
any detail, CMIE considers such income to be non-cash income and reports the same in this data field.
Shortfall in earlier year’s deferred tax credit, reconginsed in the current year is also captured in this data field.

E XTRA - ORDINARY INCOME 593

Indicator : Extra-ordinary income
Field : extra_ordi_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income that is, as the name implies, extra-ordinary. Extraordinary means not in the
usual or regular course of business. Extraordinary income means income which is not generated from the usual
or regular economic activity of the company. For example; a retailer might settle an expensive lawsuit. Such a
transaction doesn’t happen every day or even every year, and so is separated from operating results and considered
extra-ordinary.
There are times when many such transactions boost the bottomlines of companies creating an impression that the
company has reported profits from its business that are higher than what is sustainable.
There are occasions when companies sell their real estate assets, change their accounting or financial reporting
methods or sell their non core business segments. These extra-ordinary transactions result in exceptional income
accruing to the company and they boost the profits extra-ordinarily.
Such transactions therefore need to be separately bunched together and separately disclosed to help assess their
impact on income and profits.
Accounting Standard 5 of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India provides substantial scope for manage-
ment discretion in classifying a source of income as extra-ordinary. Any income which is clearly distinct from
ordinary business activities of the company can be considered extra-ordinary. Therefore, an income may be ex-
traordinary for one enterprise but not so for another enterprise because of the differences between their respective
ordinary activities. For example, losses sustained as a result of an earthquake may qualify as an extraordinary
item for many enterprises. However, claims from policyholders arising from an earthquake do not qualify as an
extraordinary item for an insurance enterprise that insures against such risks.
Extra-ordinary income in Prowess is further classified as;
• Profit on sale of fixed assets
• Insurance claims
• Contra entry for depreciation added by
• Gain on change in accounting policies
• Income from discontinuing operations
• Gain on disposal of assets/settlement of liabilities of discontinuing operations
Contra-entries for depreciation provision made where a company had not provided for depreciation is also an extra-
ordinary entry. Such classification rationalizes any inconsistent augmentation in incomes on account of other-than-
ordinary business operations of the company by reducing the company’s profits and reporting them as extraordinary
gains.

594 P ROFIT ON SALE OF FIXED ASSETS

Indicator : Profit on sale of fixed assets
Field : gain_sale_of_ast
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the profit earned by companies by selling fixed assets owned by them.
Usually, a fixed asset is held with the intention of being used to produce goods or services. It is not held for sale
in the normal course of business. Thus, the sale of a fixed asset is not considered to be the main business activity
of a company. And therefore, profit from sale of fixed asset is treated as an extra-ordinary income by CMIE and is
reported in this data field.
There are two possible components in the profit on sale of asset – a revenue component and a capital component.
If there is a surplus in the sale price over the historical cost of the asset, then this is a capital gain and is reflected
directly in the balance sheet of the company. As a practice, it is added to the capital reserve of the company. Thus,
if an asset was purchased at X and sold at price Y and if Y is greater than X, then (Y-X) is a capital gain that is
reflected in the balance sheet of the company. It is not reflected in the profit and loss account and is therefore not a
part of profit on sale of fixed asset.
Now, if the asset of historical value X is depreciated in the books to a written down value of Z, then the surplus
(Y-Z) is the revenue profit on the sale of the asset. This profit on sale of asset is reported as an extra-ordinary
income in this data field.
Even for a finance company, which discloses operating income from lease rent or hire charges etc., profit on sale
of leased asset is considered as extraordinary income where such assets have been included under fixed assets.
Though a finance company may sell its leased/hired asset in the ordinary course of its business operations, such
sale cannot be considered as its operating income. Since the leased assets are a part of its fixed assets, the sale of
the same is an extraordinary income.

I NSURANCE CLAIMS 595

Indicator : Insurance claims
Field : insurance_claims
Data Type : Number
Description:
Monies received on account of insurance claims lodged with the insurance companies for loss suffered with respect
to goods, assets, etc. is reported in this data field. Income in the form of insurance claim cannot be said to have
arisen from the main business operations and therefore is reported by CMIE as part of extraordinary income.
This income head is generally reported by the companies as a part of the other income schedule. However, in
case of certain companies the amount of insurance claim is adjusted as a deduction from various expenses. CMIE
reports such expenses at gross value and reports the insurance claim receivable as extraordinary income in this data
field.

596 C ONTRA ENTRY FOR DEPRECIATION

Indicator : Contra entry for depreciation
Field : cmie_contra_entry_dep
Data Type : Number
Description:
The Companies Act does not make the provision for depreciation to be mandatory. However, there are provisions
in the Companies Act which imply that depreciation should be provided. For example, Section 205 on distribution
of profits states that dividends cannot be declared unless depreciation has been provided for. Section 211 makes
compliance of Accounting Standards of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India mandatory and, Accounting
Standard 6 on depreciation accounting is therefore mandatory. Yet, companies that do not produce sufficient profits
sometimes do not make any provision for depreciation or, make short provision for depreciation.
Although a company may not provide for depreciation in its profit and loss account, information regarding the un-
provided depreciation is available in the notes to accounts or the auditors report. Auditors are required to quantify
the depreciation not provided for in the report.
CMIE adds this un-provided depreciation from the notes to accounts or auditors report into the data field on depre-
ciation. As a result, a more consistent picture of the financial performance is presented which is comparable to all
other companies that do provide for depreciation. However, this addition of a quantity from outside the accounts
has a direct impact on the profits.
CMIE’s normalisation process aims at reclassification of information but does not re-estimate or restate the profits.
Thus, the addition of depreciation in the case of companies that do not provide for depreciation (or under-provide
it) is balanced with a contra-entry. This contra-entry is made in the data field “Contra entry for depreciation added”.
This inflates the incomes of companies.

G AIN ON CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES 597

Indicator : Gain on change in accounting policies
Field : gain_dueto_chg_actg_policy
Data Type : Number
Description:
Accounting policies are the specific accounting principles and the methods of applying those principles adopted by
an enterprise in preparing and presenting financial statements.
Companies usually follow a consistent policy in the preparation of accounts over time. Accounting Standard 5 of
the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India requires that accounting policies should be consistently followed
and changes should be made only if warranted by a statute and / or if a change would result in a more appropriate
presentation of financial statements.
When a company changes its accounting policy, it is required to disclose the impact of such a change on the results.
If a change in accounting policy leads to a gain, then the gain is reported as an extra-ordinary income in this data
field.

598 I NCOME FROM DISCONTINUING OPERATIONS

Indicator : Income from discontinuing operations
Field : inc_frm_discont_operations
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the income earned by a company from its discontinuing operations.
A discontinuing operation is defined by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) as component of an
enterprise
1. that the enterprise, pursuant to a single plan, is:
(a) disposing of substantially in its entirety, such as by selling the component in a single transaction or by
demerger or spin-off of ownership of the component to the enterprise’s shareholders; or
(b) disposing of piecemeal, such as by selling off the component’s assets and settling its liabilities individu-
ally; or
(c) terminating through abandonment; and
2. that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; and
3. that can be distinguished operationally and for financial reporting purposes.
Any income earned or received from such an operation is captured in this data field.
This information is generally available in the notes to accounts of the financial statements of the company.
The revised Schedule VI requires information on discontinuing operations to be disclosed in the profit and loss
account, or the income and expenditure statement. It requires disclosure of only profit or loss from discontinuing
operations and gain or loss on disposal of asset or settlement of liability of discontinuing operations. However,
since further details of information on income from discontinuing operations is available in the notes to accounts,
the same is captured and stored in this data field. Additional information on discontinuing operations is available
in financial statements by companies in line with the requirement on the Accounting Standard 24 on discontinuing
operations.

G AIN ON DISPOSAL OF ASSETS / SETTLEMENT OF LIABILITIES OF DISCONTINUING OPERATIONS 599

Indicator : Gain on disposal of assets/settlement of liabilities of discontinuing operations
Field : gain_on_asset_sale_liab_settle_disc_oper
Data Type : Number
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 24 of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, a discontinuing operation is a
component of an enterprise
1. that the enterprise, pursuant to a single plan, is:
(a) disposing of substantially in its entirety, such as by selling the component in a single transaction or by
demerger or spin-off of ownership of the component to the enterprise’s shareholders; or
(b) disposing of piecemeal, such as by selling off the component’s assets and settling its liabilities individu-
ally; or
(c) terminating through abandonment; and
2. that represents a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations; and
3. that can be distinguished operationally and for financial reporting purposes.
When operations of a company are discontinued, the result can be a net gain or net loss. The revised schedule VI
requires that the gain or loss on the actual disposal of assets and settlement of liabilities be displayed on the profit
and loss account, or the income statement as seperate from income from continued operations.
CMIE captures any gain arising from disposal of assets/settlement of liabilities of discontinuing operations under
this datafield.
Discontinued operations are expected to occur relatively infrequently. Moreover, the gain arising on disposal of the
respective assets and settlement of liabilities is clearly distinct from the income arising from ordinary activity of
the company. Hence, CMIE includes this datafield under extra-ordinary income head.

600 G AIN ON CORPORATE AND DEBT RESTRUCTURING ( INCLG . ONE TIME DEBT WAIVER )

Indicator : Gain on corporate and debt restructuring (inclg. one time debt waiver)
Field : gain_corp_debt_restructing
Data Type : Number
Description:
This field captures gain on corporate and debt restructuring of reporting entity
Corporate restructuring is a corporate action taken to significantly modify the structure or the operations of the
company. This usually happens when a company is facing significant problems and is in financial jeopardy. Often,
the restructuring is referred to the ways to reduce the size of the company and make it small. Corporate restructuring
is essential to eliminate all the financial troubles and improve the performance of the company.
Under a debt restructuring scheme, financially distressed entity enter into an agreement with bankers, creditors,
vendors, tax authorities etc to renegotiate payment terms in order to avoid bankruptcy.
Each restructuring process results in a gain/loss for the entity. In most cases, it entails a gain for restructuring entity.
Such gain on restructuring presented by entity in its statement of profit and loss is captured under this data field

P ROFIT ON SALE OF INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARY, ASSOCIATES & JV 601

Indicator : Profit on sale of investment in subsidiary, associates & JV
Field : inc_prof_sale_long_term_inv_subsi
Data Type : Number
Description:
This field records profit on sale of investment in subsidiary, associate and joint venture.
If a parent loses control of a subsidiary, it shall:
• derecognise the assets (including any goodwill) and liabilities of the subsidiary at their carrying amounts at
the date when control is lost;
• recognise the fair value of consideration received;
• reclassify to profit or loss, or transfer directly to retained earnings the amounts recognised in other compre-
hensive income in relation to the subsidiary;
• recognise any resulting difference as a gain or loss in the profit & loss account.
It is to be noted that any disposal of interest in a subsidiary, which does not result in loss of control is accounted as
an equity transaction and no gain or loss is recognised.
Associates and Joint Venture - Reduction / sale of stake in associate or joint venture requires recognition of gain
or loss in profit and loss account . Such gain on partial / complete disposal of interest in associates or joint venture
alongwith gain on sale of investment in subsidiary is captured in this field.

602 OTHER E XTRA - ORDINARY INCOME

Indicator : Other Extra-ordinary income
Field : other_extra_ordi_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
If an entity reports an income item of extra-ordinary nature, which cannot be captured in any of the child fields
available under extra-ordinary income, but CMIE is of the opinion that such item is of extra-ordinary nature, then
it is classified and captured under the data field ’Other Extra-ordinary income’.

L ESS : I NCOME CAPITALISED 603

Indicator : Less: Income capitalised
Field : inc_capitalised
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the income that was earned by the company during pre-operation period of a capital ex-
penditure project. Pre-operation period is the period from the initiation of the project to the commissioning of the
project.
Income earned during such a period is not included as an income of the company but, it is deducted from the
capital cost of the project. This balances the practice of adding the current costs incurred during the execution of
the project to the capital cost of the project - i.e., the practice of capitalisation of expenses.
Often in the case of large industrial projects, a project conducts trial runs as it approaches its final commissioning.
The proceeds from the sale of these are the incomes earned from the project prior to its commissioning. These
incomes are capitalised. And these incomes are captured in this data field.
When a company borrows funds for obtaining an asset, it may temporarily invest the funds till the time they are used
for purchase/construction of the asset. As per Paragraph 10 and 11 of Accounting Standard 5 issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India, investment income earned on such funds is to be capitalised by deducting it
from the borrowing cost of the asset.
The amount of income capitalised reported in this data field gets reduced from the total income to ensure that the
Total income reported in the Profit and Loss statement excludes income capitalised by the company.

604 L ESS : I NCOME TRANSFERRED TO DRE

Indicator : Less: Income transferred to DRE
Field : inc_trf_to_dre
Data Type : Number
Description:
When benefits of certain revenue expenditure incurred by a company during a year are expected to accrue not only
in the year in which these expenses were incurred but also in the subsequent years then, these expenses are not
charged to the profit and loss account in the year in which they are incurred. Instead, the amount is transferred
to the balance sheet as a deferred revenue expenditure. Correspondingly, when the income earned in a year is
the result of a project, or of expenses, whose benefits are expected to be accrued over several (future) years, then
such income is not included in the current years profit and loss. It is transferred to the balance sheet. The income
reported in this data field gets reduced from the Total Income reported in the Profit and loss account.

TAX DEDUCTED AT SOURCE (TDS) 605

Indicator : Tax deducted at source (TDS)
Field : tds
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the taxes deducted at source by the company. Source refers to source of income. When
a company makes certain payments specified under the Indian Income Tax Act, it is supposed to deduct, at the
specified rate, part of the tax that would be payable in the hands of the person receiving the payment.
Tax deducted at source was introduced in India under the Indian Income Tax Act, 1922. Tax deducted at source
facilitated the payment of tax while receiving the income.
TDS helps salaried people to pay the tax without having the burden of paying the tax at the year end. By collecting
TDS, companies help collect the tax at the time of payment of income to various assesses such as contractor,
professional, etc. TDS helps improve tax revenues and increase tax net.
As per requirements of Part II to Schedule VI of The Companies Act, all companies are required to state the amount
of income tax deducted at source with respect to incomes earned on investments. The companies usually show the
net income earned on investments i.e. after the deduction of tax at source. However, they mention the gross income
earned as well as the amount of tax so deducted.

606 I NTERNAL TRANSFERS

Indicator : Internal transfers
Field : internal_trf
Data Type : Number
Description:
Internal transfer refers to the transfer of resources from one department to another within the same organisation.
The resources range from finished goods and raw materials to power and fuel, repairs and maintenance and even
services.
Some companies believe that the value of internal transfers should be recognised as transactions in the profit and
loss account. The transfer of goods from one division to another is considered as a sale and reflected in the income
of the company. It is also recognised as a purchase by the receiving division and is thus reported in the purchases
of the company. Thus, the profit and loss account of such companies is larger than their business with the external
world. The net profit or net loss of the company, however, does not get affected.
In the absence of any statutory provisions, there had been significant divergence among companies regarding treat-
ment and reporting of internal transfers. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India issued an Announcement
titled ‘Treatment of inter-divisional transfers’ in 2005. According to the announcement, since in case of inter-
divisional transfers, risks and rewards remain within the enterprise and there is no consideration from the point
of view of the enterprise as a whole, internal transfers do not fulfill the criteria for being recognised as revenue.
Hence, internal transfers should not be treated as income. However, the disclosures prior to this had substantial
diversity in terms of treatment of internal transfers.
If a company reports internal transfers, we capture the same in this data field.
Till 2010-11, internal transfers were either directly disclosed in the profit and loss account or as a part of sales
schedule, raw material consumption schedule or power and fuel consumption schedule. Notes to accounts contained
information regarding valuation, inclusion or exclusion of internal transfers in the accounts. Quantitative details
after notes to accounts also provided information on value of raw materials and finished goods internally consumed.
The Revised Schedule VI has eliminated the concept of ‘Schedule’ and hence, the information related to internal
transfers is now furnished in the Notes to Accounts.
Accounting Standard 17 issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India has made it mandatory for companies
to identify segments (business or geographical) and disclose segment-wise profit and loss account and balance
sheet. Accordingly, segment reporting by companies also includes disclosure about inter-segment sales. However,
inter-segment sales reported by companies under the segment report is often not reconcilable with the internal
transfers/internal consumption reported under the financial statements. We do not use the information available in
the segment-wise disclosures in this data field.

T OTAL INCOME NET OF PRIOR PERIOD AND EXTRA - ORDINARY INCOME 607

Indicator : Total income net of prior period and extra-ordinary income
Field : tot_inc_net_of_pe
Data Type : Number
Description:
The total income of an accounting period of a company includes all kinds of income. It also includes incomes of
prior periods and extra-ordinary incomes. Incomes of prior periods are those that arise in the current accounting pe-
riod but which pertain to one or more earlier periods. Bad debts recovered or provisions written back are examples
of prior period incomes. Extra-ordinary incomes are those that are clearly different from the incomes generated
from ordinary business of the company. For example, profit earned from the sale of an asset.
Prior period and extra-ordinary incomes boost the income of a year. Their magnitude is not predictable and there-
fore they are capable of causing some additional volatility or noise in the income of a company. Thus, total income
net of prior period and extra-ordinary income is a more reliable and less volatile number compared to the total
income that includes these transactions.
Profits, as compared to prior period and extra-ordinary incomes, are much smaller in value. This can cause large
volatility in the profits of a company.
As a result, profits are often measured net of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions. When profits net of
prior period and extra-ordinary transactions are compared with the total income to estimate the profit margin it is
appropriate that the comparison is made with total income net of prior period and extra-ordinary incomes. This
exclusion of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions from both the numerator and the denominator of the profit
margin yields a more comparable (temporally and cross-sectionally) measure of profit margin.

608 S ALES AND CHANGE IN STOCKS

Indicator : Sales and change in stocks
Field : sales_n_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the sum of sales and change in stock. The value of this indicator is mostly available for
non-finance companies. Individual values of sales and change in stock are also stored in the database, separately.
The sum of sales and change in stock is an indicator of the goods and services produced and sold (either to cus-
tomers or to the company’s inventory) during the accounting period.
Sales, as captured in the Prowess database, is the regular income generated by companies from clearly identifiable
sale of goods and from non-financial services.
Change in stock, as captured in the Prowess database, is the net increase in stock during an accounting period. It is
the increase in closing stock compared to the opening stock.
If the closing stock is higher than the opening stock, the change in stock is positive. In a sense, this implies that the
goods and services produced during the year are partly held as inventories of the company.
If the closing stock is lower than the opening stock, the change in stock is negative. This implies that part of the
sales of the year were drawn from the inventory.

N ET SALES 609

Indicator : Net sales
Field : net_sales
Data Type : Number
Description:
The indicator net sales is used for non-finance companies.
Broadly, it is sales net of indirect taxes.
In detail it is derived as the sum of industrial sales and income from non-financial services reduced by all indirect
taxes except registration fees and stamp duties and interest taxes as while these are indirect taxes, these are not asso-
ciated with the production process. Indirect taxes include excise duty, sales tax, VAT, rates and taxes, turnover tax,
contribution to oil pool account, contribution to Joint Plan Committee, service tax, mining cess and miscellaneous
indirect taxes.
Some analysts may use the net sales figure to measure the “topline”. CMIE prefers to use the gross sales.
The argument in favour of using net sales is that indirect taxes are an externality. These are imposed by the
government and therefore not related to the productive capacity or the operations of the company. They may inflate
or deflate the sales figure merely by government diktat.
However, CMIE’s view is that indirect taxes impact the price of the product and therefore impacts the demand. An
increase in indirect taxes do not increase sales proportionately because an increase in price can reduce the demand.
Indirect taxes are therefore like all other costs.
The interim financial statements of listed companies mostly provide the net sales value and not the gross sales
value. Net sales as derived here would be the closest comparable data field derived from the Annual Report to
compare with the sales usually provided in the interim financial statements of listed companies.

610 S ALES / N ET FIXED ASSETS

Indicator : Sales / Net fixed assets
Field : sales_net_fixed_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times

T OTAL ASSETS UTILISATION RATIO ( TIMES ) 611

Indicator : Total assets utilisation ratio(times)
Field : total_income_avg_tot_asset_net_miscexp_now_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
Efficiency in the use of total assets is the ratio of total income to total assets. Income is conceived to be derived
by deploying the assets of the company. This ratio measures the efficiency with which the assets are deployed to
generate income.
The ratio measures the total income that is generated during an accounting period from the average assets owned
by the company during the year.
The numerator is the total income including income from all regular sources, other incomes and also prior period
and extra-ordinary income. Correspondingly, the denominator includes all kinds of assets - all kinds of fixed assets
and current assets. However, the denominator excludes revalued assets and miscellaneous expenses not written off.
The assets are the average of the assets at the end of the accounting year and at the end of the preceding accounting
year. The assets are averaged because the year-end assets may not have been available throughout the year during
which the income was generated and, the assets at the beginning of the year (year-end of the preceding accounting
year) were possibly not all the assets that were available during the current accounting year. An average of the
two provides a better estimate of the assets that were available to the company during the year to generate the total
income.

612 C HANGE IN EFFICIENCY IN USE OF TOTAL ASSETS

Indicator : Change in efficiency in use of total assets
Field : chg_in_efficiency_in_use_of_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
Efficiency in the use of total assets is the ratio of total income to total assets. This indicator measures the change
in efficiency over two consecutive years.
The numerator is the change in total income over two consecutive years. Total income includes income from all
regular sources, other income and also prior period and extra-ordinary income. The denominator includes change
in average total assets. Total assets include all kinds of assets – fixed and current, but it excludes revaluation of
assets and miscellaneous expenses not written off. The total assets in consideration for a year is the average of the
total assets as of the begining of the year and as of the end of the year.
Change in efficiency is denoted by ∆( AI ), where I is total income and A is total assets. If I1 is total income in year
1, I2 is total income in year 2, A1 is the average total assets in year 1 and A2 is the average total assets in year 2,
then, change in efficiency is defined as:
I2 I1
∆( AI ) = A2 − A1

C HANGE IN TOTAL INCOME BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN TOTAL ASSETS 613

Indicator : Change in total income because of change in total assets
Field : chg_in_assets_with_no_chg_in_efficiency
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Change in income is the result of either a change in assets and/or a an improvement/reduction in the utilisation of
the assets. This expression measures the change in total income that can be attributed to the change in total assets,
assuming that the efficiency in the utilisation of total assets has remained unchanged.
This expression has its roots in the simple arithmetical relationship between change in assets and change in income.
The arithmetical relationship can be expressed as under:
I
I =A× A,
I
where; I is total income, A is the total assets A is the utilisation of total assets.
Change in income can be expressed as:
I
∆I = (∆A × A) + (∆( AI ) × A) + (∆A × ∆( AI ))
where; ∆I is the change in income ∆A is the change in total assets ∆( AI ) is the change in the efficiency in the use
of total assets.
I
From the equation given above, the expression in discussion is (∆A × A) because, in this case income is believed
to be derived from the deployment of assets.
This is the contribution of the change in total assets to the change in total income. Assuming that the change in
total assets is an increase, since assets rarely shrink. This is the contribution of increase in sheer size of the capital
resources deployed (such as plant and machinery) to the growth in income, with no contribution of the changes (if
any) in the efficiency in the utilisation of these assets.
Since, this expression does not consider any change in utilisation of assets, I and A in the equation AI are the total
income and average total assets of previous year, respectively. AI is then multiplied by ∆A, which is change in total
assets during the current year, to arrive at change in total income with no change in utilisation of assets.
The income in consideration here is the total income from all sources including those relating to prior period and
extra ordinary transactions. The assets is the total assets less revaluation and miscellaneous expenses not written
off. The assets in consideration for this expression are also the average of the current and previous accounting
years’ end-of-period assets.

614 C HANGE IN TOTAL INCOME BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN EFFICIENCY IN USE OF TOTAL ASSETS

Indicator : Change in total income because of change in efficiency in use of total assets
Field : chg_in_efficiency_with_no_chg_in_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This expression measures the change in total income that can be attributed to the change in the efficiency in
utilisation of total assets, assuming that the total assets has remained unchanged.
I
I =A× A,
I
I
∆I = (∆A × A) + (∆( AI ) × A) + (∆A × ∆( AI ))
of total assets.
From the equation given above, the expression in discussion is (∆( AI ) × A).
This is the contribution of the efficiency in the utilisation of total assets that brings about a change in total income.
In this case, it is assumed that the total assets remain unchanged.
The efficiency in utilisation of total assets is the ratio of total income to total assets. The expression under con-
sideration is the change in this measure of efficiency. A change in efficiency can arise because of improved (or
worsened) operations, or because of better (or worse) utilisation (such as by adding or reducing shifts, or labour),
or also because of a change in the price of the products sold. The value of this expression is the product of change
in efficiency and previous period’s average total assets.
The total assets in consideration here is the total assets less revaluation and miscellaneous expenses not written off.
The assets used in this expression are also the average of the current and previous accounting year’s end-of-period
assets. The income in consideration here is the total income from all sources including those relating to prior period
and extra ordinary transactions.

C HANGE IN TOTAL INCOME BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN EFFICIENCY ON CHANGE IN TOTAL ASSETS 615

Indicator : Change in total income because of change in efficiency on change in total assets
Field : chg_in_efficiency_on_chg_in_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This expression measures the change in total income that can be attributed to the change in assets that were utilised
with the change in efficiency. It is the product of the incremental assets and incremental efficiency.
I
I =A× A,
I
I
∆I = (∆A × A) + (∆( AI ) × A) + (∆A × ∆( AI ))
of total assets.
The first expression in the above equation is the contribution of the increase in assets. To isolate this effect on the
change in total income, the efficiency level is kept unchanged. The change in total assets is thus multiplied with
the unchanged (previous period’s) efficiency.
The second expression in the above equation is the contribution of the increase in efficiency in the utilisation of
total assets. To isolate this effect on the change in total income, the assets level is kept unchanged. The change in
efficiency in utilisation of assets is thus multiplied with the unchanged (previous period’s) assets.
The last expression, (∆A × ∆( AI )) in the above equation is the one under discussion. This is the contribution of the
increased assets harnessed at the increased efficiency. (The term “increased” could be replaced with “decreased”.)
It is the product of the incremental assets and the incremental efficiency in the utilisation of assets.

616 S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN EFFICIENCY IN USE OF TOTAL ASSETS IN CHANGE IN TOTAL INCOME

Indicator : Share (%) of change in efficiency in use of total assets in change in total income
Field : pc_chg_in_efficiency_with_no_chg_in_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the per cent share contribution of the change in the efficiency in utilisation of total assets
in the change in total income, assuming that the total assets has remained unchanged.
I
I =A× A,
I
I
∆I = (∆A × A) + (∆( AI ) × A) + (∆A × ∆( AI ))
of total assets.
From the above equation, the expression in discussion is the share of the change in efficiency, i.e. (∆( AI ) × A) in
the change in total income, i.e. ∆I, expressed in per cent.
This is the contribution of the change in the efficiency with which total assets are deployed to the change in total
income.
The efficiency in utilisation of total assets is the ratio of total income to total assets. A change in efficiency can
arise because of improved (or worsened) operations, or because of better (or worse) utilisation (such as by adding
or reducing shifts, or labour), or also because of a change in the price of the products sold.

S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN TOTAL ASSETS IN CHANGE IN TOTAL INCOME 617

Indicator : Share (%) of change in total assets in change in total income
Field : pc_chg_in_assets_with_no_chg_in_efficiency
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the per cent share contribution of the change in total assets in the change of total income,
assuming that the efficiency in the utilisation of total assets has remained unchanged.
I
I =A× A,
I
I
∆I = (∆A × A) + (∆( AI ) × A) + (∆A × ∆( AI ))
of total assets.
From the equation given above, the expression in discussion is the share of (∆A × AI ) in ∆I, expressed in per cent.
This is the contribution of the change in total assets to the change in total income. Assuming that the change in
total assets is an increase in the same since assets rarely shrink, this is the contribution of increase in sheer size
of the business to the growth in income, with no contribution of the change in efficiency in the utilisation of these
assets.
I
Since, this expression does not consider any change in utilisation of assets, I and A in the equation A are the total
income and average total assets of previous year, respectively.
The income in consideration here is the total income from all sources including those relating to prior period and
extra ordinary transactions. The assets is the total assets less revaluation and miscellaneous expenses not written
off. The assets in consideration for this expression are also the average of the current and previous accounting
years’ end-of-period assets.

618 S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN EFFICIENCY ON CHANGE IN TOTAL ASSETS IN CHANGE IN TOTAL INCOME

Indicator : Share (%) of change in efficiency on change in total assets in change in total
income
Field : pc_chg_in_efficiency_on_chg_in_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the per cent share contribution of the product of change in the efficiency in the use of
assets and the change in assets upon the change in total income.
I
I =A× A,
I
I
∆I = (∆A × A) + (∆( AI ) × A) + (∆A × ∆( AI ))
of total assets.
The first expression in the above equation is the contribution of the increase in assets. To isolate this effect on the
change in total income, the efficiency level is kept unchanged. The change in total assets is thus multiplied with
total assets. To isolate this effect on the change in total income, the assets level is kept unchanged. The change in
efficiency is thus multiplied with the unchanged (previous period’s) assets.
The last expression, (∆A × ∆( AI )) is the contribution of the increased assets harnessed at the increased efficiency.
It is the product of the incremental assets and the incremental efficiency in the utilisation of assets.
The expression under consideration is the per cent share contribution of this product on the change in total income.

E FFICIENCY IN USE OF NFA 619

Indicator : Efficiency in use of NFA
Field : sales_avg_nfa_net_of_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
Efficiency in use of NFA is the ratio of sales to net fixed assets. Sales is conceived to be derived by harnessing the
fixed assets of the company. The ratio measures the efficiency with which these assets are deployed to generate
sales. The higher the sales-to-NFA ratio, the higher the efficiency of the utilisation of the NFA.
The numerator of this ratio is the sales of a company during an accounting year. This includes sales of industrial
goods and income from non-financial services. It excludes income from financial services, other income and prior
period and extra-ordinary incomes.
The denominator is the net fixed assets, net of revaluation. It is also the average of the assets at the beginning of
the year and the end of the year. The assets are averaged because the year-end assets may not have been available
throughout the year during which the sales were generated and, the assets at the beginning of the year were possibly
not all the assets that were available during the year. An average of the two provides a better estimate of the assets
that were available to the company during the year to generate the sales.

620 C HANGE IN EFFICIENCY IN USE OF NFA

Indicator : Change in efficiency in use of NFA
Field : chg_in_efficiency_in_use_of_nfa
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
Efficiency in the use of NFA is the ratio of sales to net fixed assets (NFA). This ratio measures the change in
efficiency of utilisation of fixed assets over two consecutive years.
The numerator is the sales value i.e. income from sale of industrial goods and income from providing non-financial
services. The denominator includes all kinds of fixed assets at their depreciated values and excluding revaluations,
if any.
The net fixed assets in consideration for a year is the average of such assets as of the beginning of the year and as
of the end of the year.
Change in efficiency is denoted by ∆( N SF A ),
where; S is sales N F A is net fixed assets.
If S1 is sales in year 1, S2 is sales in year 2, N F A1 is net fixed assets in year 1 and N F A2 is net fixed assets in
year 2, then, change in efficiency is defined as:
S2 S1
∆( N SF A ) = N F A2 − N F A1

C HANGE IN SALES BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN NFA 621

Indicator : Change in sales because of change in NFA
Field : chg_in_nfa_with_no_chg_in_efficiency
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
This expression measures the change in sales that can be attributed to the change in net fixed assets, assuming that
the efficiency in the utilisation of net fixed assets has remained unchanged.
This expression has its roots in the simple arithmetical relationship between growth in fixed assets and growth in
sales. Sales is believed to be derived from the deployment of fixed assets. Thus, the growth in sales is the result
of either a growth in fixed assets and/or a growth in the utilisation of the fixed assets. The arithmetical relationship
can be expressed as under
S
S = NFA × NF A ,
S
where; S is sales N F A is the net fixed assets and NF A is the utilisation of net fixed assets.
Change in sales can be expressed as:
S
∆S = (∆N F A × NF A ) + (∆( N SF A ) × N F A) + (∆N F A × ∆( N SF A ))
where; ∆S is the change in sales ∆N F A is the change in net fixed assets and ∆( N SF A ) is the change in the
efficiency in the use of net fixed assets.
S
From the above equation, the expression in discussion is (∆N F A × N F A ).
This is the contribution of the change in net fixed assets to the change in sales. Assuming that the change in net
fixed assets is an increase in the same since assets rarely shrink, this is the contribution of increase in sheer size of
the fixed assets to the growth in sales, with no contribution of the change (if any) in the efficiency in the utilisation
of these assets.
Since, this expression does not consider any change in utilisation of fixed assets, S and N F A in the equation N SF A
are the sales and average net fixed assets of previous year, respectively. N SF A is then multiplied by ∆N F A, which
is change in net fixed assets during the current year, to arrive at change in sales with no change in utilisation of
fixed assets.
The sales in consideration here is the sales of all industrial goods and income from all kinds of non-financial
services. The assets is the net fixed assets less revaluation reserves. The assets in consideration for this expression
are also the average of the current and previous accounting years’ end-of-period assets.

622 C HANGE IN SALES BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN EFFICIENCY IN USE OF NFA

Indicator : Change in sales because of change in efficiency in use of NFA
Field : chg_in_efficiency_with_no_chg_in_nfa
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This expression measures the change in sales that can be attributed to the change in the efficiency in utilisation of
net fixed assets, assuming that the net fixed assets has remained unchanged.
S
S = NFA × NF A ,
S
S
From the above equation, the expression in discussion is (∆( N SF A ) × N F A).
This is the contribution of the change in the efficiency with which net fixed assets are deployed towards change in
sales.
The efficiency in utilisation of net fixed assets is the ratio of sales to net fixed assets. The expression under
consideration is the change in this measure of efficiency. A change in efficiency can arise because of improved (or
worsened) operations, or because of better (or worse) utilisation (such as by adding or reducing shifts, or labour),
or also because of a change in the price of the products sold or services provided.
Since, this expression does not consider any change in fixed assets, N F A in the equation (∆( N FS A ) × N F A)
is the average net fixed assets during previous year. Hence, N F A is multiplied by ∆( N SF A ), which is change in
utilisation of net fixed assets, to arrive at change in sales with no change in net fixed assets.
The net fixed assets in consideration here is the net fixed assets less revaluation reserves. The assets used in this
expression are also the average of the current and previous accounting year’s end-of-period assets.
services.

C HANGE IN SALES BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN EFFICIENCY ON CHANGE IN NFA 623

Indicator : Change in sales because of change in efficiency on change in NFA
Field : chg_in_efficiency_on_chg_in_nfa
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This expression measures the change in sales that can be attributed to the change in net fixed assets that were
utilised with the change in efficiency. It is the product of the incremental assets and incremental efficiency.
S
S = NFA × NF A ,
S
S
The first expression in the above equation is the contribution of the increase in net fixed assets. To isolate this effect
on the change in sales, the efficiency level is kept unchanged. The change in net fixed assets is thus multiplied with
The second expression in the above equation is the contribution of the increase in efficiency in the utilisation of net
fixed assets. To isolate this effect on the change in sales, the net fixed assets level is kept unchanged. The change
in efficiency of net fixed assets is thus multiplied with the unchanged (previous period’s) net fixed assets.
The last expression, (∆N F A×∆( N SF A )) in the above equation is the one under discussion. This is the contribution
of the increased net fixed assets harnessed at the increased efficiency. (The term “increased” could be replaced with
“decreased”.) It is the product of the incremental net fixed assets and the incremental efficiency in the utilisation of
these assets.
The net fixed assets in consideration here are the net fixed assets less revaluation reserves. The assets used in this
expression are also the average of the current and previous accounting year’s end-of-period assets.
services.

624 S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN EFFICIENCY IN USE OF NFA IN CHANGE IN SALES

Indicator : Share (%) of change in efficiency in use of NFA in change in sales
Field : pc_chg_in_nfa_with_no_chg_in_efficiency
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This datafield stores the per cent share contribution of the change in the efficiency in utilisation of net fixed assets
in the change in sales, assuming that the net fixed assets has remained unchanged.
S
S = NFA × NF A ,
S
S
From the equation, the expression in discussion is the share of the change in efficiency, i.e. (∆( N SF A ) × N F A) in
the change in sales, i.e. ∆S, expressed in percentage.
This is the contribution of the change in the efficiency with which net fixed assets are deployed to the change in
sales.
The efficiency in utilisation of net fixed assets is the ratio of sales to net fixed assets. A change in efficiency can
arise because of improved (or worsened) operations, or because of better (or worse) utilisation (such as by adding
or reducing shifts, or labour), or also because of a change in the price of the products sold.
expression are also the average of the current and previous accounting year’s end-of-period assets. The sales in
consideration here is the sales of all industrial goods and income from all kinds of non-financial services.

S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN NFA IN CHANGE IN SALES 625

Indicator : Share (%) of change in NFA in change in sales
Field : pc_chg_in_efficiency_with_no_chg_in_nfa
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the per cent share contribution of the change in net fixed assets in the change of sales, assuming
that the efficiency in the utilisation of net fixed assets has remained unchanged.
S
S = NFA × NF A ,
S
S
From the above equation, the expression in discussion is the share of change in net fixed assets i.e. (∆N F A× N SF A )
in change in sales i.e. ∆S, expressed in percentage.
This is the contribution of the change in net fixed assets to the change in sales. Assuming that the change in net
fixed assets is an increase in the same since assets rarely shrink, this is the contribution of increase in sheer size
of the net fixed assets to the growth in sales, with no contribution of the changes (if any) in the efficiency in the
utilisation of these assets.

626 S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN EFFICIENCY ON CHANGE IN NFA IN CHANGE IN SALES

Indicator : Share (%) of change in efficiency on change in NFA in change in sales
Field : pc_chg_in_efficiency_on_chg_in_nfa
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the per cent share contribution of the product of change in the efficiency in the use of fixed
assets and the change in assets upon the change in sales.
S
S = NFA × NF A ,
S
S
The first expression in the above equation is the contribution of the increase in net fixed assets. To isolate this effect
on the change in sales, the efficiency level is kept unchanged. The change in net fixed assets is thus multiplied with
net fixed assets. To isolate this effect on the change in sales, the assets level is kept unchanged. The change in
efficiency is thus multiplied with the unchanged (previous period’s) net fixed assets.
The last expression, (∆N F A × ∆( N SF A )) is the contribution of the increased net fixed assets harnessed at the
increased efficiency. It is the product of the incremental assets and the incremental efficiency in the utilisation of
fixed assets. The expression under consideration is the per cent share contribution of this product on the change in
sales.

C HANGE IN STOCK 627

Indicator : Change in stock
Field : chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the change in stock of finished and semi-finished goods. It is the difference between the value
of closing stock of finished and semi-finished goods and opening stock of finished and semi-finished goods.
Finished goods can be manufactured goods or goods purchased by a manufacturing company. Finished goods also
include land or other property held by the company for sale. Semi-finished goods (also called work-in-progress)
includes materials, maintenance supplies, consumables and tools used in the production process.
Where stocks are acquired by a company on account of a merger or acquisition or transferred during the year on
account of hiving-off of a division, such stocks are adjusted with the opening stock of finished and semi-finished
goods. The opening stock is increased by the value of the stock acquired following a merger and reduced by stock
transferred on account of hiving off, if any.
The value of opening stock thus arrived is deducted from the value of closing stock reported by the company to
arrive at the change in stock figure.
The change in stock is positive if closing stock is higher than the opening stock and negative if the opening stock
is higher than the closing stock.
CMIE does not report the change in stock of securities, carbon credits and DEPB license as a part of change in
stock of goods. Instead the difference in opening and closing stock of these is adjusted with their purchase and sale
to arrive at the net gain or loss. This net gain or loss is reported elsewhere.
Stock adjustments due to mergers, acquisitions, hive-offs, write-offs, change in excise duties and valuations are
included as Addendum indicators.

628 C HANGE IN STOCK OF FINISHED GOODS

Indicator : Change in stock of finished goods
Field : chg_in_stk_fg
Data Type : Number
Description:
The difference between the value of closing stock of finished goods and that of opening stock of finished goods
is stored in this data field. Finished goods can be goods manufactured by the company or goods purchased from
another manufacturer.
Where stocks are acquired by a company on account of a merger or acquisition or transferred during the year
on account of hiving off of a division, such stocks are adjusted with the opening stock of finished goods. This
means that the closing stock of finished goods of the previous year which forms the current year’s opening stock is
increased by the value of the stock of finished goods acquired by way of a merger and reduced by stock of finished
goods transferred on account of hiving off, if any.
The value of opening stock of finished goods thus arrived is deducted from the value of closing stock of finished
goods reported by the company to arrive at the change in stock figure.
The change in stock of finished goods value is positive if closing stock is higher than the opening stock and negative
if the opening stock is greater than the closing stock.

O PENING STOCK OF FINISHED GOODS 629

Indicator : Opening stock of finished goods
Field : opening_stk_fg
Data Type : Number
Description:
The value of the stock of finished goods held by the company on the first day of the accounting period is the opening
stock of finished goods.
Finished goods at the beginning of the year are those that were produced / purchased during the preceding year(s),
but had remained unsold upto the last day of the previous year.
The stocks taken over in case of merger or acquisition is added to the value of opening stock and stocks transferred
in hive off are deducted there from.

630 C LOSING STOCK OF FINISHED GOODS

Indicator : Closing stock of finished goods
Field : closing_stk_fg
Data Type : Number
Description:
The value of stock of finished goods held by the company on the last day of the accounting year is the closing stock
of finished goods. These are finished goods which were produced / purchased for the purpose of sale but were not
sold upto the last day of the accounting year. It also includes the balance of stock if any, acquired by way of merger.
The Companies Act mandates that the mode of valuation of stocks be stated in the Accounting Policies in the
Annual Report.

C HANGE IN STOCK OF WIP AND SEMIFINISHED GOODS 631

Indicator : Change in stock of wip and semifinished goods
Field : chg_in_stk_wip
Data Type : Number
Description:
Change in stock of work in progress is the difference between the closing stock of work in progress and the opening
stock of work in progress. WIP is a popular acronym for work in progress.
WIP means inventories that are in the production/manufacturing process. These are inventories which are either
being processed or waiting for further processing. Detailed information on change in work in progress is disclosed
by companies in schedules/notes to accounts of their annual report.

632 O PENING STOCK OF WIP AND SEMIFINISHED GOODS

Indicator : Opening stock of wip and semifinished goods
Field : opening_stk_wip
Data Type : Number
Description:
The value of work in progress at the beginning of the year is reported against this data field. Opening stock of
work in progress means those goods, the manufacture of which had commenced in the previous year but was not
completed as on the last day of the previous year. They are brought forward to the current year for their completion.
The value of work in progress taken over in case of mergers or acquisitions is added to the value of opening stock
and that of stock transferred in a hive off is deducted there from.
As per the requirements of Part I of Schedule VI to the Companies Act the mode of valuation of stock should be
stated by the company in its Annual Report. The valuation of stock should be at the lower of cost and net realisable
value.
Companies may at times only provide change in wip value without providing the details of the opening and closing
stock figures of wip in the profit and loss account of the annual report. In such cases, CMIE takes the figure of
opening stock of wip and semi-finished goods from the schedule on ‘Inventories’.

C LOSING STOCK OF WIP AND SEMIFINISHED GOODS 633

Indicator : Closing stock of wip and semifinished goods
Field : closing_stk_wip
Data Type : Number
Description:
The stock of semi-finished goods held by the company on the last day of the year is reported in this data field.
These are those items whose production had already commenced during the previous year(s) but were in process
as on the last day of the current year.
As per the requirements of Part I of Schedule VI to the Companies Act the mode of valuation of stock should be
stated by the company in its Annual Report. The valuation of stock should be at the lower of cost and net realisable
value.
Companies may only provide value of change in wip without providing the details of the opening and closing stock
figures of wip in the profit and loss account of their annul report. In such cases, CMIE takes the figure of closing
stock of wip from the schedule on ‘Inventories’.

634 C HANGE IN STOCK OF REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION

Indicator : Change in stock of real estate and construction
Field : chg_in_stk_const_realty
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the sum of change in stock of finished goods of real estate and construction and change in
WIP of real estate and construction of real estate and construction. It is the difference between the value of closing
stock of finished goods and work in progress of real estate and construction and value of opening stock of finished
goods and work in progress of real estate and construction.
‘Real Estate’ is generally defined as an immovable asset- land (earth space) and the permanently attached improve-
ments to it. Companies earning income through real estate development activities construct properties and derive
commercial benefits through their sale. For such companies, real estate forms a part of the inventories.
Companies undertaking real estate development activity generally recognise their revenue and expenses on percent-
age completion method, which is in accordance with accounting standard on construction contracts (AS-7) issued
by ICAI.

C HANGE IN STOCK OF FINISHED GOODS OF REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION 635

Indicator : Change in stock of finished goods of real estate and construction
Field : chg_in_stk_fg_const_realty
Data Type : Number
Description:
The difference in the opening finished stock and the closing finished stock of real estate and constructed properties
is reported as “change in stock of finished goods of real estate and construction”.
Companies undertaking real estate development activity generally recognise their revenue and expenses on percent-
age completion method, which is in accordance with accounting standard on construction contracts issued by ICAI.
Recognition of revenue and expenses can only be done when outcome of a construction contract can be estimated
reliably.

636 O PENING STOCK OF FINISHED GOODS OF REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION

Indicator : Opening stock of finished goods of real estate and construction
Field : opening_stk_fg_const_realty
Data Type : Number
Description:
Finished stock of real estate and construction as on the first day of the accounting year is reported under this data
field.
Opening stock of real estate represents those properties which were developed in the earlier year/s but were not
sold till the last day of the preceeding year and are hence brought forward to the current period for sale.
Companies undertaking real estate development activity generally recognise their revenue and expenses on per-
centage completion method, which is in accordance with accounting standard on construction contracts issued by
ICAI.
Companies usually report the change in finished stock in the schedule for increase/ decrease in stock. Instead of
referring it as “stock” they may state the type of the property, such as stock of commercial flats, shops, houses,
farms, plots, car park spaces, etc.
Companies, in the schedules/notes to accounts of their annual report, may provide details of the value of opening
stock and real estate and construction separately. However, these values are clubbed together and reported in this
data field.

C LOSING STOCK OF FINISHED GOODS OF REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION 637

Indicator : Closing stock of finished goods of real estate and construction
Field : closing_stk_fg_const_realty
Data Type : Number
Description:
Finished stock of real estate on the last day of the accounting period is reported in this data field. Closing stock of
real estate means properties developed for the purpose of sale but not sold till the last day of the reporting period.
‘Real Estate’ is generally defined as an immovable asset- land :(earth space) and the permanently attached improve-
ments to it. Companies earning income through real estate development activities construct pr:operties and derive
Companies undertaking real estate development activity usually recognise their revenue on percentage completion
method, which is in accordance with accounting standard on construction contracts issued by ICAI .
Companies usually report the change in finished stock in the schedule for increase/ decrease in stock. Instead of
referring it as “stock” they may state the type of the property such as stock of commercial flats, shops, houses,
farms, plots, car park spaces, etc.
Companies, in the schedules/notes to accounts of their annual report, may provide details of the value of opening
stock and real estate and construction separately. However, these values are clubbed together and reported in this
data field.

638 C HANGE IN WIP OF REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION

Indicator : Change in wip of real estate and construction
Field : chg_in_stk_wip_const_realty
Data Type : Number
Description:
WIP of a construction project represents costs incurred on these cumulatively till the balance sheet date. The
difference in the opening work in progress and the closing work in progress of construction activities reported by
companies engaged in real estate and construction is reported as “change in WIP of real estate and construction”.
Companies report the change in WIP of construction activities separately as a part of construction expenses. It
may also be adjusted with the turnover or income from operations in the Annual Report of the company. CMIE
separates the value of change in WIP of construction activities from the construction expenses or from the turnover
as applicable and reports the same under this data field.
ICAI.

O PENING STOCK OF WIP OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 639

Indicator : Opening stock of wip of construction activities
Field : opening_stk_wip_const_realty
Data Type : Number
Description:
The balance of work in progress of construction/real estate activities on the first day of the accounting period is
reported under this data field. Opening stock of WIP of a construction project represents costs incurred cumulatively
till the balance sheet date of the previous year that will be recovered in future periods.
ICAI.
Companies usually report the change in work in progress in the schedule for increase/ decrease in stock. Companies
may at times only provide the figure for change in wip of construction activities under its construction cost without
providing the details of the opening and closing stock figures of wip of construction activities. In such cases CMIE
obtains the figure of opening stock of wip of construction activities from the schedule on inventories.

640 C LOSING STOCK OF WIP OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

Indicator : Closing stock of wip of construction activities
Field : closing_stk_wip_const_realty
Data Type : Number
Description:
The balance of work in progress of construction/real estate activities on the last day of the accounting period is
reported under this data field. Closing stock of WIP of a construction project represents costs incurred cumulatively
till the balance sheet date that will be recovered in future periods.
Generally, companies report the closing stock of WIP of construction /real estate activities separately as a part
of the working for increase/ decrease of the WIP of construction activities. Some companies report the effect of
increase/decrease in opening and closing WIP as a part of turnover. In such cases, the turnover is reported by
CMIE, net of effect of change in WIP and the closing stock of WIP of construction activities is reported in this data
field.
Some companies show WIP in the schedule of expenses on construction. In such a case the expenses is reported,
by CMIE, without taking the effect of change in stock of WIP and the closing stock of WIP is reported in this data
field.
ICAI.

C HANGE IN E XCISE DUTY ON STOCK OF FINISHED GOODS 641

Indicator : Change in Excise duty on stock of finished goods
Field : chg_dueto_excise_fg
Data Type : Number
Description:
As per the guidance note issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on treatment of excise duty, the
closing stock of inventories are valued inclusive of the excise duty. Although the recovery of excise duty is deferred
till the goods are removed from the factory, the company has to provide for the excise duty pertaining to closing
stock. As such the excise duty reported by the companies is inclusive of the duty on closing stock, unless otherwise
stated.
Excise duty is a duty on manufacture or production of excisable goods. Section 3 of the Central Excise Act, 1944,
deals with charge of Excise Duty.
CMIE captures only the change in excise duty, i.e. the difference in excise duty on opening and closing stock in
this data field. Its effect is already reflected in the data field on excise duty. This is an addendum information data
field.
Companies generally provide the information on change in excise duty along with the information on change in
the inventory of finished goods. Separate information on excise duty on opening and closing stock may not be
provided, instead the figure for change in excise duty on account of change in stock be provided straightaway.

642 S TOCK ADJUSTMENT DUE TO MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS

Indicator : Stock adjustment due to mergers & acquisitions
Field : stk_adj_dueto_mna
Data Type : Number
Description:
The value of increase in the stock of finished goods and work in progress due to a merger or any acquisition is
A merger refers to the combination of two companies into one larger company. Acquisition is the process through
which one company takes over another company fully or partly. In a merger or an acquisition all the assets and
liabilities of one company (transferor company) become the assets and liabilities of another company (acquirer
company or merged company).
The amount of stock taken over is already included in the opening stock of finished goods or WIP captured else-
where. This is an addendum information field.
Apart from finished goods and work in progress, this data field also includes the value of scrap/waste that is taken
over during merger/acquisition. For example: In the March 2012 annual report published by Arvind Ltd., the
company in its ‘Changes in Inventories of Finished Goods, Work-in-progress and Stock in Trade’ schedule on page
47, reported adjustment of waste amounting to Rs.11.50 million. This value has been captured in this data field.
This information is provided by the company in the notes to accounts or in the schedule for increase / decrease of
stock, which is a part of profit and loss account.

S TOCK ADJUSTMENT DUE TO HIVING OFF 643

Indicator : Stock adjustment due to hiving off
Field : stk_adj_dueto_hiveoff
Data Type : Number
Description:
The decrease in the value of stocks of finished goods or work in progress of a company because of hiving off of a
particular business, division or unit is reported under this data field .
The amount of stock hived off is already adjusted either with the closing stock or opening stock of finished goods
and WIP. This is an addendum information field.
This information is provided by the company in the notes to accounts and in the schedule for increase / decrease of
stock, which is a part of profit and loss account.

644 S TOCK ADJUSTMENT FOR WRITE OFFS OR PROV FOR DETERIORATION , SPOILAGE , ETC OF STOCK

Indicator : Stock adjustment for write offs or prov for deterioration, spoilage, etc of stock
Field : stk_adj_dueto_spoilage
Data Type : Number
Description:
The company may write off or make provisions against the loss in value of stock on account of deterioration or
spoilage. The same is reported in this data field.
Stock which becomes obsolete or expires may also be written off. For example: In the annual report of Ankur
Drugs & Pharma Ltd. for the financial year ending March 2012, the company, in note 22 for ‘Increase/decrease in
stock’ has reported Rs.233.70 million for obsolete/expired stock written off. This value has been captured in this
data field.
The amount is already adjusted by the company while arriving at the closing stock. This data field is an addendum
information of change in stock of finished and semi-finished goods.

I NCREASE IN STOCK DUE TO CHANGE IN VALUATION 645

Indicator : Increase in stock due to change in valuation
Field : stk_adj_incr_dueto_chg_in_val
Data Type : Number
Description:
The increase in the value of inventories arising out of a change in the accounting policy of valuation of inventory
is reported under this data field. The method of inventory valuation is mentioned in the ‘Significant Accounting
Policies’ section of the company’s annual report.
As per requirements of Accounting Standard 5 issued by ICAI, any material impact of change in accounting policy
should be disclosed in the financial statements. Although most companies report their inventories after adjusting
the effect of change in the method of valuation, the impact of such change is disclosed in the notes to accounts and
CMIE reports the same in this addendum information data field.

646 D ECREASE IN STOCK DUE TO CHANGE IN VALUATION

Indicator : Decrease in stock due to change in valuation
Field : stk_adj_decr_dueto_chg_in_val
Data Type : Number
Description:
The decrease in the value of inventories arising out of a change in the accounting policy of valuation of inventory
is reported under this data field. The method of inventory valuation is mentioned in the ‘Significant Accounting
Policies’ section of the company’s Annual Report.
As per requirements of Accounting Standard 5 issued by ICAI, any material impact of change in accounting policy
should be disclosed in the financial statements. Although most companies report their inventories after adjusting
the effect of change in the method of valuation, the impact of such change is disclosed in the notes to accounts and
CMIE reports the same in this addendum-information data field.

T OTAL EXPENSES 647

Indicator : Total expenses
Field : total_expense
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the sum of all revenue expenses incurred by a company during an accounting period. The
CMIE methodology of normalisation and data-capture enables the recording of the below-listed types of expenses.
The list is designed to be comprehensive. All item heads are not applicable to all companies. However, all disclo-
sures are mapped to one of these or their sub-parts.
Total expenses is the sum of the item heads listed below:
1. Raw materials, stores and spares
2. Packaging and packing expenses
3. Purchase of finished goods
4. Power, fuel (including wheeling charges paid by electricity companies) & water charges
5. Compensation to employees
6. Indirect taxes
7. Royalties, technical know-how fees, etc.
8. Rent & lease rent
9. Repairs and maintenance
10. Insurance premium paid
11. Outsourced manufacturing jobs
12. Outsourced professional jobs
13. Non-executive directors’ fees
14. Selling and distribution expenses
15. Travel expenses
16. Communication expenses
17. Printing and stationery expenses
18. Miscellaneous expenditure
19. Other operational expenses of industrial enterprises
20. Other operational expenses of non-financial services enterprises
21. Financial services expenses
22. Provisions

648 T OTAL EXPENSES
23. Depreciation (net of transfer from revaluation reserves)

24. Amortisation
25. Write-offs
26. Prior period and extra-ordinary expenses
27. Provision for direct tax
Further, following expenses are reduced from the sum of total expenses as they are either captialised/transferred to
an asset or charged to some other expenditure heads:
1. Other capitalisation
2. Other expenses transferred to DRE
3. Expenses charged to other expenditure heads
Expenses on internal transfers, expenses on discontinued operations and expenses capitalised or transferred to
deferred revenue expenses are shown separately as addendum indicators.
There is a long list of derived indicators under expenses. Some of these can be clubbed into logical groups and
then there are some important derived indicators that cannot be clubbed into any logical group. This loose set
is displayed first under ‘Derived Indicators of Expenses’. It includes operating expenses of non-finance and fi-
nance companies. The listing of all expenses is not organised as operating or non-operating. Therefore, operating
expenses is derived and shown as an addendum indicator separately. The computation of operating expenses of
non-finance companies is different from that of finance companies and therefore the two are shown separately.
Similarly, other important derivations such as net financial service charges, non-cash charges, net prior period and
extra-ordinary expenses, cost of goods sold, cost of sales and cost of sales per day are reported here.
The long list of expense heads covered in Prowess provides an opportunity to create many kinds of interesting
ratios. Prowess provides a number of ratios that show the distribution of expenses. These are the distribution
of total expenses, the distribution of operating expenses – separately for non-finance and finance companies, and
the ratio of operating expenses to sales for non-finance companies and or to financial services income for finance
companies.
Besides, there are ratios related to employees such income or profit per employee, directors remuneration to total
compensation, etc. There are a set of ratios related to taxes, including both direct and indirect taxes; another set of
ratios related to interest payments and yet another one related to the import intensity of raw materials.
Thus, the ‘Derived Indicators of Expenses’ is quite a long list of useful derived indicators and ratios.

R AW MATERIALS , STORES & SPARES 649

Indicator : Raw materials, stores & spares
Field : rawmat_stores_spares
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is the sum of the expenses incurred on (a) raw materials and on (b) stores, spares and tools consumed.
Both are captured independently. This data field is a mere sub-head that sums the two. Raw material is the major
input for manufacturing companies. Stores and spares aid the production process. These cover sundry supplies,
maintenance stores, components, tools, jigs, and other similar equipment.

650 R AW MATERIAL EXPENSES

Indicator : Raw material expenses
Field : rawmat_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Raw material is the most important input in a manufacturing company. Even non-manufacturing companies have
some, although small, raw material inputs.
This data field is derived by adding the raw material purchases to opening stock of raw materials and deducting
cenvat credit and closing stock of raw materials.
If there are raw materials acquired on a merger or an acquisition then this is also added. Similarly, if there was a
hive-off or a de-merger, then the raw material stocks of the separated unit is deducted. In short, the raw material
expense item is derived as follows:
Rawmaterialexpenses = openingstockof rawmaterials + rawmaterialpurchases − cenvatcredit +
rawmaterialsacquiredonmergeroracquisition − rawmaterialtransf erredonhiveof f orde − merger −
closingstockof rawmaterials.
Each of these data fields are captured separately and this data field is a derivation as per the above formula.

O PENING STOCK OF RAW MATERIALS 651

Indicator : Opening stock of raw materials
Field : opening_stk_rawmat
Data Type : Number
Description:
This is the raw material stock lying with the company at the commencement of the accounting period. A company’s
Annual Report discloses the opening stock of raw materials in the schedule of raw materials consumed along with
raw material purchases and closing stocks.
Some companies do not give a separate figure of opening stock of raw materials. Instead, they directly provide the
amount of raw materials consumed. If the amount of raw materials consumed (which is the difference of opening
stock plus purchases as reduced by closing stocks) is provided without the details i.e. where the figure for opening
stock of raw material is not available, the previous year’s closing stock of raw material as given in the inventories
schedule of the balance sheet is posted in this data field.
If the amount of opening and closing stock of raw material is not available then, this data field is kept blank.
If a company includes raw materials written off with raw material consumed, it is deducted from raw materials
opening stock and is reported under “write-offs”. Thus, CMIE reports the actual cost of raw material consumed in
production.

652 R AW MATERIAL PURCHASED

Indicator : Raw material purchased
Field : rawmat_purchased
Data Type : Number
Description:
The cost of raw materials purchased by a company includes expenses such as freight, carriage inwards and handling
charges, which are incurred to bring the raw material to the place of manufacture. This amount is captured net of
cash discounts received from suppliers.
In case a company reports raw material consumed without providing details of purchases then the opening and
closing stock figures of raw materials provided in the schedule of inventories are used to arrive at the total raw
material purchases as follows:
Rawmaterialpurchases = rawmaterialconsumed+closingstockof rawmaterial−openingstockof rawmaterial.
Often, there is a clash between treating the consumption of coal, petroleum products, etc as power and fuel ex-
penses or as raw material expenses. CMIE systematically follows the following method: All expenses on energy
sources including coal, petroleum products, electricity or non-conventional energy are considered as power and
fuel expenses and posted under the “Power & fuel” data field. There are two exceptions to this rule: Coal expenses
of electricity generation companies is considered as raw material and not “Power & fuel” expenses. The second
exception is that the crude oil consumption of petroleum refineries is classified as raw material and not “Power &
fuel expenses".
Certain companies report, “stocks taken and given on loan” under raw materials consumed. These are the raw
materials which the company gives/takes from other refineries for certain processes of refining. Here, as no funds
are received or transferred, companies report such stock as adjustment with raw material consumed. However,
CMIE adjusts the effect of stocks which are taken and given on loan in the figure of purchases itself by adding the
stock taken on loan and deducting the stock given on loan.
Where companies report a net loss on sale of raw material under its raw material schedule, CMIE adds such loss to
the purchase cost of raw material.

L ESS : CENVAT CREDIT 653

Indicator : Less: cenvat credit
Field : cenvat_credit
Data Type : Number
Description:
Cenvat is Central Value Added Tax and Cenvat Credit is the benefit available to a company in terms of a set-
off against excise duty to be paid to the extent already paid on the raw materials purchased. Cenvat credit was
introduced to avoid double payment of excise duty – first on the raw material and then again on the final product
made out of the raw material on which excise was already paid. A company is allowed to claim a set-off in respect
of the excise duty payable by it, to the extent the duty was already paid on the raw material purchased.
Accounting Standard 2 of the ICAI indicates that cenvat credit should be reduced from the cost of raw material and
not disclosed separately. This is the general practice in disclosures. However, companies may disclose the cenvat
credit as a part of information pertaining to raw material purchases. CMIE captures the information in such cases.
A company may report cenvat credit as part of its income. This is rare but, possible. However, CMIE removes it
from income, reduces the corresponding value from raw material expenses and also reports the figure in this data
field.

654 R AW MATERIAL ACQUIRED ON MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS

Indicator : Raw material acquired on mergers and acquisitions
Field : rawmat_acq_mna
Data Type : Number
Description:
In a scheme of merger / acquisition / amalgamation between two companies, this data field reflects the amount of
raw materials taken over by the transferee company from the transferor company. Companies refer to such stocks
differently in their balance sheets as, “adjustment on account of amalgamation”, “transfer from amalgamating
company”, “stock taken over”, “acquired on amalgamation”, etc.
Raw material taken over of the transferor company is generally added to the existing stock of raw materials of the
transferee/amalgamating company. In cases, where, information regarding raw material taken over on account of
amalgamation is shown by the company in the schedule of cost of raw material as a part of the existing raw material
of the transferee company, CMIE reduces the amount of raw material taken over from the cost of raw materials and
reports the same under this data field.
Information regarding raw materials taken over on account of amalgamation is available in the Annual Report
either in the schedule of raw material consumed or under details regarding raw material consumed in the notes to
accounts.

L ESS : RAW MATERIAL TRANSFERRED ON HIVE - OFF AND DE - MERGERS 655

Indicator : Less : raw material transferred on hive-off and de-mergers
Field : rawmat_trf_hiveoff
Data Type : Number
Description:
A company may hive-off or de-merge any of its divisions during the year and thereby transfer the corresponding
raw material lying in stock. The value of raw material thus transferred is reported in this data field.

656 C LOSING STOCK OF RAW MATERIAL

Indicator : Closing stock of raw material
Field : closing_stk_rawmat
Data Type : Number
Description:
Closing stock of raw materials refers to the value of the total raw material stock lying with the company at the end
of the accounting period. Companies value raw materials either at cost or net realisable value, whichever is less.
In their Annual Report, companies report the closing stock of raw materials in the schedule of raw materials
consumed, which also gives the amount of purchases and opening stock of raw material.
However, some companies do not give a separate figure of closing stock of raw material, instead they give directly
the amount of raw materials consumed, which is adjusted for the opening and closing stocks. In such cases, the
schedule of inventory is referred to get the closing stock of raw material.
Companies may dispose of the raw materials or write off the stock of raw materials that are obsolete / redundant /
unusable / slow moving / non-moving /due to passage of time or due to technological changes. In such cases, the
closing stock figure is reported net of such disposals or write offs.

S TORES , SPARES , TOOLS CONSUMED 657

Indicator : Stores, spares, tools consumed
Field : stores_spares_consumed
Data Type : Number
Description:
Stores and Spares are those goods that aid the production process. They include sundry supplies, maintenance
stores, tools, jigs, fixtures and other equipments. There are numerous types of goods that can be classified as stores
depending upon the type and complexity of the industry which it serves.
Stores and spares is also reported by companies as “consumables”, “consumable stores” or “loose tools”, “moulds”,
“dies and chemicals”. Companies usually depict stores and spares consumed as a part of “other expenses”.
However, “stores and supplies” , “medical consumables” , “lab consumables/chemical consumed” reported respec-
tively by hotels, hospitals, research companies, are not classified by CMIE as part of raw materials, stores & spares,
but as a part of other operating expense.
Stores and spares used for repairs are deducted from stores and spares and reported under repairs and maintenance
expenses.
Certain stores and spares which are in the nature of a capital expenditure, are capitalised i.e. companies reduce
such amount from the expenses under stores and spares in the profit and loss account. CMIE adopts a different
approach, it adds back the capitalised amount to show the gross expense incurred under stores and spares consumed
and then the same is reported under expenses capitalised thereby correspondingly reducing the same amount from
the total expenses reported in the profit and loss account.
Some companies may combine the figure of packaging material consumed along with stores and spares. If the
breakup is not available and it is not possible to conclude whether the major component is packaging material or
stores & spares, then the entire amount is reported under the first item named in the composite description given
by the company.

658 PACKAGING AND PACKING EXPENSES

Indicator : Packaging and packing expenses
Field : packaging
Data Type : Number
Description:
These are expenses incurred by companies on packaging the products and in the process, bringing them from their
finished state to saleable condition. Some products are by their very nature, not deliverable to the final consumers
unless they are packed in some packing material. Cement needs to be supplied in jute or synthetic bags, biscuits
need to be packed in wrappers, etc.
Packing and packaging material are used synonymously. These could be reported as packages consumed, packing
materials consumed, consumption of packages, drum sheets, packing charges, filling and packing expenses, etc.
The information we seek is the packaging material consumed during an accounting period.
Usually, the information pertaining to packaging material consumption is directly available in the profit and loss
account statement of the company. At times, instead of reporting the consumption figure of packaging materials,
companies may report the details of opening stock, purchases and closing stock of packaging material in their
schedule of cost of materials. In such a case, packaging material consumed is calculated by CMIE as the sum of
opening stock of packaging material and purchases of packaging material during the year, less closing stock of
packaging material at the end of the year.
Some companies may combine the figure of packaging material consumed along with stores and spares. If the
breakup is not available, and if it is not possible to judge the importance of the two components (packaging material
and stores & spares), then the entire amount is reported under the first item named in the composite description
given by the company.
However as a general rule, where the company reports “packing expenses” under the nomenclature “packing /pack-
aging expenses” whether under operating /selling and distribution expenses CMIE reports them under this data field.
But, where the company combines packing expense with forwarding charges under the nomenclature “packing and
forwarding charges” CMIE reports the same as a distribution expense and not as packing materials consumed.
The logic here is that the nomenclature used by the company to report the expense clearly denotes it to be a
distribution expense. Such packing was done only to enable convenient transportation of the product.

P URCHASE OF FINISHED GOODS 659

Indicator : Purchase of finished goods
Field : purchase_fg
Data Type : Number
Description:
Finished goods are purchased by companies engaged in trading activities. Manufacturing companies, besides
selling their own products, often also trade in such goods that are produced by others or goods that are closely
associated to the products they manufacture. At times companies trade in some products and produce completely
different kind of products. So, even a non-manufacturing company could report purchase of finished goods.
Purchase of finished goods is often referred to, by companies, as “purchase of stock-in-trade”, “cost of traded
goods”, “purchase for direct sales”, etc. Some companies even specify the name of finished product as in case of
GAIL, which reports, “purchase of gas for trading”. BSES refers to purchase of finished goods as “cost of energy
purchased”.

660 P OWER , FUEL ( INCLUDING WHEELING CHARGES PAID BY ELECTRICITY COMPANIES ) & WATER CHARGES

Indicator : Power, fuel (including wheeling charges paid by electricity companies) & water
charges
Field : power_fuel_water_charges
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field provides the sum of the expenses incurred by a company on power & fuel and water. Both these
fields are available separately as child heads of this parent data field.

P OWER & FUEL ( INCLUDING WHEELING CHARGES PAID BY ELECTRICITY COMPANIES ) 661

Indicator : Power & fuel (including wheeling charges paid by electricity companies)
Field : power_and_fuel_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Power and fuel expenses is the cost of consumption of energy for carrying out the business of a company. This
would include the cost of consumption of electricity, petroleum products such as diesel, naphtha, etc, coal and other
sources of energy.
Companies usually report such expenses as power and fuel or energy costs. However, classifying a material as a
source of energy or a raw material in a manufacturing process, often gets foggy. Typically, coal plays an integral
chemical role in the production of cement, steel and a few other industries. It can thus be construed as a raw
material besides being a source of energy. We may also stretch the argument to say that diesel is raw material for
a transport company. Stretched further, that could make all energy inputs as raw material and would remove the
distinction between the two. Companies classify such materials that lie at the border-line of raw material or energy,
in different ways.
CMIE takes a simple approach towards this problem. It systematically classifies all known sources of commercial
and non-commercial energy as energy expenses, i.e. power and fuel expenses. Thus, the coal expenses of cement
companies is classified as energy expenses and not raw material. Diesel and petrol expenses of transport companies
is also classified as power and fuel expenses. Again ATF (air turbine fuel) and bunker cost in case of shipping
companies is a power and fuel cost.
There are only two exceptions to the rule: Fuel expenses of electricity generation companies is classified as raw
material expenses and not power and fuel expenses. Thus, coal expenses of electricity generation companies is
classified as raw material expenses and not power and fuel expenses. The second exception is that the crude oil
consumption of petroleum refineries is classified as raw material and not power and fuel expenses.
Some telecom companies may report power and fuel costs under their network expenses, yet CMIE follows a
uniform approach of reporting all power and fuel or energy costs whether reported under an operating expense
schedule or under an administrative expenses schedule as power and fuel expenses unless its a raw material cost or
purchased as finished good for trading as in electricity generating or distribution companies.
Electricity purchased by electricity distribution companies is treated as purchase of finished goods and not power
& fuel expenses. Power & fuel expenses are inclusive of wheeling charges paid by the electricity distribution
companies. Wheeling charges are the service charges paid by these companies to transmit power from the source
of generation to the consumer.

662 WATER CHARGES

Indicator : Water charges
Field : water_charges
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the cost incurred by a company on consumption of water. Industrial companies do, at times,
provide information on their expenditure on water consumption. This data field includes the expenditure on water
incurred by water parks or entertainment companies. Sometimes, companies club this expense with power and
fuel. If the amount spent on water is available separately, it is posted in this data field.
However, where companies report the two expenses together as “water, power and fuel” and do not disclose the
amount of water included therein, then, the amount would be reported as a power and fuel expense and not as water
charges. Here, CMIE does not use its first-word rule, as obviously, the major component here is power and fuel
and not water.

C OMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES 663

Indicator : Compensation to employees
Field : compensation_to_employees
Data Type : Number
Description:
Compensation to employees reflects the total remuneration in cash or in kind paid by a company to or on behalf of
all its employees. Employees are remunerated in exchange for services rendered by them.
Compensation to employees comprises of salaries and wages and social security contributions (e.g. contribution
to an insurance company by an employer to pay for medical care of its employees). It includes paid leaves,
profit sharing, bonuses and perquisites and non-monetary benefits (such as medical care, housing, cars, and free or
subsidised goods or services) for current employees. It also includes post-employment benefits such as gratuity,
pension, provident fund and voluntary retirement benefits.
This data field is derived by using the following expression:
Compensationtoemployees = salaries, bonus, contributiontoprovidentf undandgratuities+staf f welf areandtraining
ESOP +V RS+Arrearspaid, reimbursementsandotherexpensesonemployees−Compensationtoemployeescapitalised
Compensationtoemployeestransf erredtoDRE
Each of these are captured separately and in detail.
Salaries and wages, and other employee cost directly attributable to the construction of an asset as also salaries
and wages incurred in bringing an asset to its working condition are considered as part of the capital cost of the
project. These are therefore capitalised. The amount of wages, salaries and any other compensation or employee
cost capitalised during a year are captured separately.
If companies report salaries and wages net of the capitalisation, then, CMIE reports the gross amount of salaries
and wages and other employee cost under the respective data fields of employee compensation by adding back the
amount capitalised. The total employee cost capitalised is reported in a separate data field and is deducted from the
total cost of employee compensation. Expenses transferred to deferred revenue expenditure are treated similarly.

664 S ALARIES , WAGES , BONUS , EX GRATIA PF & GRATUITIES PAID

Indicator : Salaries, wages, bonus, ex gratia pf & gratuities paid
Field : salaries_bonus_pf
Data Type : Number
Description:
This is the sum of salaries and wages, bonus and ex-gratia, contribution to provident fund and gratuities and super-
annuation paid to employees. Each of these are captured separately individually to the extent available separately
in the financial statements of companies in the Annual Report. If one of more of these are clubbed then the clubbed
figure is entered in the salaries and wages data field.
This data field is gross of capitalisation, if any.

S ALARIES & WAGES 665

Indicator : Salaries & wages
Field : salaries
Data Type : Number
Description:
Salaries and wages refer to the periodic payments made to the employees for the services rendered by them. All
kinds of employees, including workers and managers are included. If a company reports salaries to employees
separate from that paid to managers then the two are added to derive total salaries. It is often seen that managing
director’s remuneration and perquisites are disclosed separately and distinct from other salaries. CMIE adds these
and reports this in this data field.
A company may provide any sub-classification of salaries and wages - for example, it could be by lines of business.
CMIE adds these into this in this data field.
Banks often report the entire employee cost without giving the break-up of salary, gratuity, contribution to provident
fund, etc. In such cases, CMIE reports the entire amount under “salary and wages” as the amounts of salary, bonus,
gratuity, contribution to provident fund etc. is not provided separately.
Salaries and wages reported by some companies includes staff welfare expense, employees stock options etc. In
such cases CMIE excludes the amounts from salaries and wages where provided separately in the Annual Report,
and post the net amount in this data field. The amounts of “staff welfare” and “employees stock option” are reported
in the respective data fields.
Salaries and wages includes allowances such as LTA, DA, HRA, etc. and commission, if any paid to employees. It
also includes compensation paid to them in kind. This is particularly applicable to tea and sugar industry companies
where payment in kind is a regular feature.
Salaries & wages excludes bonus, ex-gratia, contribution to provident fund and gratuities, all of which are captured
separately. However, if such information is combined with salaries and wages then, CMIE reports the entire amount
in this data field of salaries and wages.
Any deputation allowance paid by a company that deputes its employees to other organisations is reported in this
data field. Deputation cost paid by the company on receiving employees from other organisations is considered ex-
penses on “Outsourced professional jobs”. CMIE distinguishes between deputation allowance paid by the company
to own employees deputed elsewhere and deputation costs paid to employees of some organisations deputed with
the company. Deputation costs included by the company under “personnel expenses” are for its own employees
and hence reported under salaries and wages but deputation costs reported under some other expenses schedule are
treated as an outsourcing expenses and thus reported under “other professional services”.

666 B ONUS & EX GRATIA

Indicator : Bonus & ex gratia
Field : bonus_n_pf
Data Type : Number
Description:
A bonus is a supplemental payment as an incentive or reward. Bonus payments to all employees including man-
agement employees is reported in this data field. This data-field also includes performance-linked bonus or any
other incentive paid to employees. Bonus is paid as per the Bonus Act, 1965.
Certain companies report bonus along with ex-gratia or just report ex-gratia. Ex-gratia payment is made voluntarily
by the company, out of kindness or grace. It is the sum of money paid by the company when there is no obligation
or liability to pay it. For e.g., a company conducting layoffs may make an ex-gratia payment to the affected
employees that is greater than the statutory payment required by the law, perhaps if those employees had a long
and well-performing service with the company.
Besides, there is an upper ceiling prescribed for payment of bonus, which is 20 per cent of the basic and dearness
allowance. Hence, if an employer is willing to pay bonus over and above 20 per cent of the employee’s basic and
dearness allowance, he/she may pay it in the name of “ex-gratia”.
Information about bonus and ex-gratia payments is generally available in the schedule of employee related ex-
penses. However, it is likely that companies may report this amount along with salaries and wages. In such cases,
where the bonus and ex-gratia data is clubbed with salaries and wages, with no break-up, it would be included in
the data field “Salaries & wages”.

C ONTRIBUTION TO PROVIDENT FUND 667

Indicator : Contribution to provident fund
Field : prov_fund_contrib
Data Type : Number
Description:
The “Employees Provident Fund Act” mandates that employers are required to make a contribution, in favour of the
employees, to the Provident Fund Account an amount equal to 12 per cent (earlier 10 per cent) of the basic pay and
dearness allowance. This is a statutory requirement essentially to save for the post-retirement life of employees.
Any amount that is contributed by the employer during the year to this account is reported by the companies as
contribution to provident fund.
Companies follow a general practice of reporting contribution to employees provident fund as a part of employee
related expense/ personnel costs. At times, companies may report contribution to employees provident fund as a
part of schedule for administrative expenses or schedule for manufacturing expenses.
Sometimes, the amount is clubbed with salaries and wages or with bonus, etc. and the information regarding the
amount paid to provident fund is not available separately. In such cases, this data field is left blank.
Companies may sometimes report the contribution made to provident fund along with gratuity and other funds. If
no separate information is given about other funds, the entire amount is reported in this data field if the first term in
the description in the Annual Report is, or relates to provident fund. But, when companies do provide the amount
of provident fund included in such composite description either by way of a note below the schedule or under the
notes to accounts, then such data is duly recorded in this data field.

668 G RATUITIES AND SUPERANNUATION

Indicator : Gratuities and superannuation
Field : gratuities
Data Type : Number
Description:
Gratuity and superannuation are the retirement benefits given to the employees by the company.
Gratuity is a part of the salary that is received by an employee from his/her employer in gratitude for the services
offered by the employee in the company. It is linked to the number of years of service deployed by an employee
and is available upon separation. Usually, gratuity is paid only to an employee upon separation only if he/she
has completed five years of service in the company. The employee receives 15 day’s of basic pay and dearness
allowance for each completed year of service.
Superannuation scheme is effected by the company to provide pensionary benefits to its employees on retirement.
A company can contribute to the maximum of 15 per cent of the basic pay and dearness allowance towards the
superannuation scheme. On attaining the retirement/superannuation age, the employee is eligible to withdraw 25
per cent of the balance available in his/her account. The balance 75 per cent is put in an annuity fund.
Unlike provident fund, employees do not contribute to the gratuity and superannuation fund.
Another reporting practise followed by companies is to include the contribution made to gratuity and superannua-
tion fund along with contribution to provident fund. CMIE reports the combined amount in the data field which is
reported first by the company in its description where separate figures are not available.

S TAFF WELFARE & TRAINING EXPENSES 669

Indicator : Staff welfare & training expenses
Field : staff_welfare_training_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
This is the sum of staff welfare and staff training expenses. Each of these are captured separately and this data
field is a summation of the two. Staff welfare includes benefits such as free or subsidised medical treatment,
food, transportation, recreation, etc. Staff training includes all kinds of training imparted by the company to its
employees.

670 S TAFF WELFARE

Indicator : Staff welfare
Field : staff_welfare
Data Type : Number
Description:
Staff welfare refers to the various amenities that are made available to the employees for their general welfare.
These are besides the regular remuneration in the form of salaries, etc. Staff welfare expenses may be in the form
of free or subsidised medical treatment, transportation facilities, recreation facilities, staff food, canteen expenses,
staff and labour welfare, etc. These expenses do not form a part of the employees salary but are borne by the
employer for the benefit of the employees.
Certain companies may recover a part of the expenses pertaining to staff welfare from the employees. For instance,
HPCL in its financial statements of March 2007 deducted an amount from the total employee welfare expenses.
These recoveries were made from the salary of the employees. CMIE reports the gross amount of employee welfare
in this data field and the recoveries are reported under a separate data field - “expenses recovered”.

S TAFF TRAINING 671

Indicator : Staff training
Field : staff_training
Data Type : Number
Description:
Staff training refers to the expenses a company incurs to train its employees. Companies in the technology and
pharmaceutical industry generally report expenses incurred on staff training as a separate expense head under
the schedule of employee related expenses. Companies often report such an expense under the nomenclature
“recruitment and training” expenses, which is reported in this data field.
However, if a company reports recruitment expenses in isolation i.e not combined with training expense, CMIE re-
ports it under “other employee expenses” and not staff training expenses. Similarly, staff termination or repatriation
expenses are also not staff training expense but they form part of the data field “other expenses on employees.”

672 E SOP

Indicator : Esop
Field : esop
Data Type : Number
Description:
ESOP is an Employee Stock Option scheme wherein employees are given an option to buy a specified number of
shares of the company at a specified price during a specified period. Employees typically have to wait for a certain
duration known as vesting period before they can exercise the right to purchase the shares. Generally, the objective
is to align the interests of the employees with that of the company, to motivate them and to possibly gain their
long-term interest in the company.
As per guidelines issued by SEBI, the accounting value of ESOPs is the aggregate employee stock options granted
during an accounting period and not the options that got exercised during the period. The accounting value could
be amortised on a straight-line method over the vesting period, i.e. beginning with the date of the grant and ending
with the date after which the employee can exercise the option of acquiring shares. The amortised portion is charged
to the Profit and Loss account while the unamortised portion is debited to a “Deferred Employee Compensation
Expense”.
The data field “ESOP” thus reflects the amount, which is amortised by the company in a year.
Often, companies club the ESOP value into salaries and wages. However, they may disclose the included amount
in the notes to accounts. In such cases, CMIE deducts the amount from salaries and wages and posts the same
seperately under ESOP.

VRS AMORTISED & PAYMENTS 673

Indicator : VRS amortised & payments
Field : vrs
Data Type : Number
Description:
This is the expenditure on voluntary retirement schemes that are designed to reduce labour. Typically, companies
agree to pay a large sum as compensation to the labour force that accepts severance of service under a company-
announced Voluntary Retirement Scheme.
Companies may either charge the entire VRS expenditure to the profit and loss account of the year in which the
expenditure was made or it may amortise the same over several years. This data field captures the VRS expenditure
independent of whether the same is the amortised amount or it is the fully charged amount.

674 VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT SCHEME (VRS) AMORTISED

Indicator : Voluntary retirement scheme (VRS) amortised
Field : vrs_amort
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field records the amount of voluntary retirement benefit expenditure that is written off, ie amortised,
during an accounting period. Usually, voluntary retirement benefits are a part of a voluntary retirement scheme
aimed at reducing the workforce of a company. The amounts involved at times during such schemes can be quite
large. During the early years of introduction of such schemes there were no guidelines on disclosures. Companies
thus had the option of amortising the expenditure over several years or charging the entire expenditure during a
single year.
However with the provisions of AS 15 in respect of termination benefits becoming mandatory for accounting
periods commencing on or after 1st April, 2006, VRS expenditure cannot be amortised. This Standard requires im-
mediate expensing of expenditure on termination benefits (including expenditure incurred on voluntary retirement
scheme (VRS)). Thus where an enterprise incurred expenditure on termination benefits on or before 31st March,
2009, the enterprise could choose to follow the accounting policy of deferring such expenditure over its pay-back
period. However, the expenditure so deferred could not be carried forward to accounting periods commencing on
or after 1st April, 2010. Thus, the expenditure so deferred was to be written off over (a) the pay-back period or (b)
the period from the date, the expenditure on termination benefits was incurred to 1st April, 2010, whichever was
shorter.

PAYMENT UNDER VRS ( ONE TIME CHARGE ) 675

Indicator : Payment under VRS (one time charge)
Field : vrs_paid
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field records the voluntary retirement benefit expenditure when the entire expenditure spent is charged to
the profit and loss account of the accounting period in which it was spent.
Voluntary retirement benefits are a part of a voluntary retirement scheme aimed at reducing the workforce of a
company. The amounts involved at times during such schemes can be quite large. During the early years of
introduction of such schemes there were no guidelines on disclosures. Companies thus had the option of amortising
the expenditure over several years or charging the entire expenditure during a single year.
However with the provisions of AS 15 in respect of termination benefits becoming mandatory for accounting
periods commencing on or after 1st April, 2006, VRS expenditure cannot be amortised. This Standard requires im-
mediate expensing of expenditure on termination benefits (including expenditure incurred on voluntary retirement
scheme (VRS)). Thus where an enterprise incurred expenditure on termination benefits on or before 31st March,
2009, the enterprise could choose to follow the accounting policy of deferring such expenditure over its pay-back
period. However, the expenditure so deferred could not be carried forward to accounting periods commencing on
or after 1st April, 2010. Thus, the expenditure so deferred was to be written off over (a) the pay-back period or (b)
the period from the date, the expenditure on termination benefits was incurred to 1st April, 2010, whichever was
shorter.

676 A RREARS PAID DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Arrears paid during the year
Field : empl_compensation_arrears
Data Type : Number
Description:
Arrears of salary refer to the amount paid by the company to its employees with retrospective effect i.e. salary of
the past period paid in the current period. Companies pay arrears either on pay revision or in case of an order of
the court of law or on settlement of a dispute with the labour union. The amount, as and when it is determined, is
paid to the employees as arrears.
More often than not, companies do not disclose the payment of arrears of salary as a separate account head. Instead,
they club the figure of arrears along with salaries and wages. If companies in their notes to accounts specify that
total salaries paid include an amount on account of arrears of salaries, then CMIE reports the amount of arrears
paid during the year in this data field and it reduces the same from salaries and wages.
However, it may be noted, that salaries relating to earlier years, paid during the current year, on account of non-
availability of funds, are not reported as an arrear, but as a prior period expense. This is because, such payment,
is not on account of any new clause introduced or revision of any clause i.e. not on account of a cause that is
determined later and hence are not reported as arrears.

PAYMENTS AND REIMBURSEMENT OF EXPENSES 677

Indicator : Payments and reimbursement of expenses
Field : empl_exp_reimbursement
Data Type : Number
Description:
Reimbursement of expenses are those expenses which are incurred by the employees and are then reimbursed to
them by the company. Companies usually report reimbursements like “medical reimbursement/expenses”, “fuel
and conveyance reimbursement”, “LTA reimbursement”, “expenses on personnel deputed to the company” in their
Annual Report.

678 OTHER EXPENSES ON EMPLOYEES

Indicator : Other expenses on employees
Field : oth_empl_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field includes all the other employee related costs which are not included in any other data field under
“Compensation to employees”. The data field could include information pertaining to provision for leave encash-
ment, retirement award/long term service award, post retirement medical benefits, pension contribution, employee
family benefits, Employee State Insurance, Deposit Linked Insurance, Group Insurance, etc.

L ESS : C OMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES CAPITALISED 679

Indicator : Less: Compensation to employees capitalised
Field : salary_wage_capitalised
Data Type : Number
Description:
Salaries and wages, and other employee costs directly attributable to the construction of an asset as also salaries and
wages incurred in bringing an asset to its working condition are considered as part of the capital cost of the project.
These are therefore capitalised. This data field reports the amount of wages, salaries and any other compensation
or employee cost capitalised during a year.
If companies report wages & salaries net of the capitalisation, then, CMIE reports the gross amount of wages &
salaries and other employee cost under the respective data fields of employee compensation by adding back the
amount capitalised. The total employee cost capitalised is reported in this data field and is deducted from the total
cost of employee compensation reported under Expenses in the Profit and loss account.

680 L ESS : C OMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES TRANSFERRED TO DRE

Indicator : Less: Compensation to employees transferred to DRE
Field : salary_wage_trf_to_dre
Data Type : Number
Description:
When benefits of certain revenue expenditure incurred by a company during a year are expected to accrue not
only in the year in which these expenses were incurred but also in the subsequent years then, these expenses are not
charged to the profit and loss account in the year in which they are incurred. Instead, the amount is transferred to the
balance sheet as a deferred revenue expenditure. The expenditure (which is in the nature of revenue expenditure)
is considered as a capital expenditure.
The expenses on wages and salaries considered as deferred revenue expenditure (DRE) during a year is captured in
this field.
CMIE reports the expenses on salaries and wages incurred during the year at gross amounts and the amount of
salaries and wages deferred in this field. This amount gets reduced from the amount of compensation paid to
employees.

E XECUTIVE DIRECTORS ’ REMUNERATION 681

Indicator : Executive directors’ remuneration
Field : directors_remun
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field that records the remuneration paid to the company’s executive directors. It forms a part of the total
amount of compensation paid to employees.
The remuneration paid to directors which is reported under this data field includes the amount of salary paid,
contribution to provident fund, value of perquisites, performance linked incentive to whole time directors and
also the commission paid to them. However, this data field does not include the sitting fees paid to the directors,
which is disclosed in a separate data field – “Non-executive directors’ fees”. Any remuneration and commission
paid to non-wholetime/non-executive directors is not included under this field but is reported under the data field
“Non-executive directors’ fees”.
The companies either use directors’ remuneration or managerial remuneration as a nomenclature for this expense.
This amount is reported by the companies in their annual report in the schedule of employee remuneration or
schedule of operating expenses.

682 D IRECTORS ’ SALARY

Indicator : Directors’ salary
Field : dir_salary
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is the sum of the salaries of individual directors as provided by the company in the Directors’ Report.
Such information is usually available for listed companies. This is an addendum information of compensation to
employees.

D IRECTOR ’ S SITTING FEES AND COMMISSION TO NON - EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 683

Indicator : Director’s sitting fees and commission to non-executive director
Field : dir_sitting_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the sitting fees and commission to non-executive directors as provided by the company in
the Directors’ Report. Such a payment is usually made to only independent directors. Such information is available
only for listed companies. This is an Addendum information of compensation to employees.

684 D IRECTORS ’ BONUS AND COMMISSION

Indicator : Directors’ bonus and commission
Field : dir_bonus_commission
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is the sum of the bonus and commission paid to individual directors as provided by the company in
the Directors’ Report. Such information is available only for listed companies. This is an Addendum information
of compensation to employees.

D IRECTORS ’ PERQUISITES 685

Indicator : Directors’ perquisites
Field : dir_perquisites
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is the sum of the perquisites of individual directors as provided by the company in the Directors’
Report. The perquisites as reported under this data field are the benefits received by directors in addition to a regular
salary or wages. In essence, these are usually non-cash benefits given by a company in addition to cash salary or
wages. However, they may include cases where the company reimburses expenses or pays for obligations incurred
by directors. Perquisites are also referred to as fringe benefits.
This is an addendum information of compensation to employees. Information in the indicator “Directors’
perquisites” is only captured when a company discloses this information director-wise. Such information is usually
available only for listed companies.

686 D IRECTORS ’ RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Indicator : Directors’ retirement benefits
Field : dir_retiral_benefits
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is the sum of the retirement benefits of individual directors as provided by the company in the
Directors report. Such information is available only for listed companies. This is an Addendum information of
compensation to employees.

D IRECTORS ’ CONTRIBUTION TO PF 687

Indicator : Directors’ contribution to PF
Field : dir_contrib_to_pf
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is the sum of the contribution to PF of individual directors as provided by the company in the
Directors report. Such information is available only for listed companies. This is an Addendum information of
compensation to employees.

688 KMP SALARY

Indicator : KMP salary
Field : kmp_salary
Data Type : Number

KMP TOTAL REMUNERATION 689

Indicator : KMP total remuneration
Field : kmp_tot_remn
Data Type : Number

690 I NDIRECT TAXES

Indicator : Indirect taxes
Field : indirect_taxes
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the indirect taxes levied by the central, state or local governments on the production of goods
or on services rendered or on the movement of goods or their trading.
Indirect taxes also includes statutory contributions made by companies of certain industries such as steel or
petroleum.
Indirect taxes reported here are excise duties, sales tax or value added tax, custom duties, service tax, munici-
pal/local tax, octroi/entry tax, stamp duty, luxury tax or any other kind of indirect tax.
Thus, the data field indirect taxes is computed as the sum of the following:
1. Excise duty
2. Sales tax
3. Value added tax
4. Other indirect taxes
(a) Rates & taxes
(b) Turnover tax
(c) Registration fees / stamp duty
(d) Contribution to Oil Pool Account
(e) Contribution to Joint Plant Committee
(f) Interest tax
(g) Service tax
(h) Mining cess
(i) Miscellaneous indirect taxes
Customs duty is an important indirect tax paid by companies that import goods. The Customs Act was formulated
in 1962 to prevent illegal imports and exports of goods. However, this is already included in the value of the import.
It is not disclosed separately. Thus, customs duties is not included here.

E XCISE DUTY 691

Indicator : Excise duty
Field : excise_duty
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the excise duty levied on goods produced by a company. It may also be levied on goods that
are produced for internal consumption by the company.
Excise duty is stated by the companies in its Profit & Loss statement either as an expense or as a deduction from
turnover.
CMIE systematically takes all indirect taxes as an expense and reports sales as gross of all indirect taxes, including
excise duty.
If companies report excise duty on goods sold and those in stocks separately, CMIE adds the two and reports the
total excise duty paid by the company in Prowess database.
Sometimes companies report excise duty included in opening and closing stocks separately, instead of the net
figure. In such cases, CMIE derives the net figure i.e. (excise duty on closing stock less excise duty on opening
stock). If the net figure is positive, it is added to the excise duty paid on goods sold and if it is negative it is deducted
from the excise duty paid on goods sold.
Excise duty and all other individual indirect taxes are reported gross of cenvat credit. Cenvat credit is captured
separately under the data field ‘Cenvat credit’ and, it is deducted from raw material expenses. Excise duty is also
reported gross of ‘Education Cess on excise’.

692 S ALES TAX

Indicator : Sales tax
Field : sales_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the sales tax payable/paid by the company during the year. It includes the central sales tax as
well as the local sales tax. When the company sells goods to an entity with a sales tax registration located outside
the state of sale, it gives rise to central sales tax. Central sales tax is payable on inter-state sales. Local sales tax or
state sales tax arises when goods are sold within the boundaries of the state i.e. in case of intra-state sales.
Sales tax is an indirect tax. The company merely collects it from the consumer on behalf of the government.
Gradually, sales tax is being replaced by the Value Added Tax. Value Added Tax is captured separately. Works
Contract Tax, Trade tax and Commercial tax are included in this (Sales Tax) data field.

VALUE ADDED TAX 693

Indicator : Value added tax
Field : vat
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the value added tax disclosed by companies in their annual reports.
Value Added Tax is a type of an indirect tax and was introduced from 1 April 2005. VAT is a multi-stage tax, levied
only on value added at each stage in the chain of production of goods and services with the provision of a set-off
for the tax paid at earlier stages in the chain.
VAT provides total transparency of the incidence of tax. This is because, VAT is a multi-stage sales tax levied as
a proportion of the value added. It is collected at each stage of the production and distribution process, and in
principle, its burden falls on the final consumer. Thus VAT eliminates tax cascading.
Being a consumption tax, VAT usually replaces sales tax, that is usually levied by state governments. Therefore,
the introduction of VAT differs from state to state.

694 G OODS AND SERVICE TAX

Indicator : Goods and service tax
Field : exp_gst
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the Goods & Services Tax (GST) levied on sale / transfer of goods and/or services by a
company.
Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a destination based indirect tax which was introduced in India on 1 July 2017 and
is applicable throughout India which replaced multiple cascading taxes levied by the central and state governments.
The single GST replaced several former taxes and levies which included: central excise duty, service tax, additional
customs duty, surcharges, state-level value added tax and Octroi. Other levies which were applicable on inter-state
transportation of goods have also been done away with in GST regime.
GST is actually a culmination of three taxes - Central Goods and Service Tax (CGST), Integrated Goods and Service
Tax (IGST) and State Goods and Service Tax (SGST). CGST and SGST both are levied on intra-state supply of
goods and services while IGST is applicable on inter-state supply of goods and services in India.
CMIE captures all indirect taxes as an expense by reporting the sales as gross of all indirect taxes.
As levy of GST is applicable from 1 July, 2017, data under this field will be available from financial year 2017-18.

OTHER INDIRECT TAXES 695

Indicator : Other indirect taxes
Field : oth_indirect_taxes
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the indirect taxes reported by companies in their annual report without specifically stating the
kind of tax paid.
It may include any type of indirect taxes other than excise duty, sales tax and value added tax. Often, companies
report these three taxes specifically and club the rest into “others”. However, CMIE captures several individual
indirect taxes separately under this data field, if they are available separately in the annual report.
The other indirect taxes are;
1. Rates and taxes
2. Turnover tax
3. Registration fees and stamp duties
4. Contribution to Oil Pool Account
5. Contribution to Joint Plant Committee
6. Interest tax
7. Service tax
8. Mining cess
9. Miscellaneous indirect taxes

696 R ATES & TAXES ( INCLUDING OCTROI )

Indicator : Rates & taxes (including octroi)
Field : rates_and_taxes
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores rates & taxes disclosed by companies in their annual reports.
This is a common entry found in the financial statements of many companies. It is understood to be a mix several
indirect taxes, none of which are significant enough to merit a separate entry. This entry is thus similar to “miscel-
laneous indirect taxes”. However, the entry with the nomenclature “rates & taxes” is so common that it merited a
separate entry in the CMIE data capture schema. The entry includes the city-entry tax - octroi. Some companies
use the nomenclature “fees and taxes”, which is also included in this data field.
If a company discloses the octroi payment separately in it’s annual report, CMIE captures the data under this “Rates
& taxes (including octroi)” data field.
A problem arises when companies report an item under an expense head such as “Rent, rates & taxes”. This is not
uncommon. In such a case, if there is no further break-up available in the financial statements that distinguishes
between rent and taxes, the expense is posted into rent and not taxes. CMIE assumes that since the company has
mentioned rent first, rent would be the larger component in the total expenses reported under this item-head.

T URNOVER TAX 697

Indicator : Turnover tax
Field : turnover_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the turnover tax disclosed by companies in their annual reports.
The turnover tax is an indirect tax and is similar to a sales tax. Like the sales tax it is levied by the state government.
Its application therefore differs from state to state. Sometimes state governments distinguish between sales and re-
sales, then, tax only re-sales and call it a tax on “turnover of re-sales”.
CMIE captures such information in this data field although it is different from sales tax only by a whisker.

698 R EGISTRATION FEES AND STAMP DUTIES

Indicator : Registration fees and stamp duties
Field : registration_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the stamp duty and registration fee disclosed by companies in their annual report.
Stamp duty is usually levied by the state government and therefore differs from state to state. It is usually levied
upon the transactions related to the transfer of ownership of assets including securities.
Registration fees are also, usually, though not always, levied by local governments.
It is likely for companies to include registration fees or stamp duty or filing fees under “Rates & taxes”. If the notes
to accounts mention that it does so, we exclude it from rates and taxes and include it in this item-head. ROC fees
paid by companies, STPI registration charges, Stamp duties paid by broking/finance companies are also reported

C ONTRIBUTION TO OIL POOL ACCOUNT 699

Indicator : Contribution to oil pool account
Field : contrib_oil_pool_ac
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the payments made by petroleum refining companies into the Oil Pool account. Such payments
are treated as a type of indirect taxes.
The Oil Pool Account, created by the government, is a mechanism to cross-subsidise petroleum products. Kerosene
and LPG are subsidised by other petroleum products. Petroleum refining companies are assured a 12 per cent
post tax return on capital employed but, they are required to maintain the prices of select petroleum products,
particularly, kerosene and LPG at levels stipulated by the government.
Petroleum companies either pay into or draw from the Oil Pool Account to maintain their 12 per cent post tax
return on capital employed.

700 C ONTRIBUTION TO JPC

Indicator : Contribution to jpc
Field : contrib_jpc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the contribution made by large steel companies to the Joint Plant Committee (JPC).
The JPC was set up by the government in 1964 to formulate guidelines for production and distribution of steel
materials.
Such contributions by large steel companies are treated as indirect taxes. However, with the virtual decontrol of the
steel industry in 1992, the main functions hitherto carried out by JPC ceased to exist.

I NTEREST TAX 701

Indicator : Interest tax
Field : interest_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the tax levied upon the interest income earned by financial services companies.
Interest tax was treated as a form of indirect tax. However, the tax has been withdrawn. However, such taxes paid
by companies in the past have been captured in this data field.

702 S ERVICE TAX

Indicator : Service tax
Field : service_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the service tax disclosed by companies in their annual report.
Service tax is an indirect tax levied upon the income earned through services rendered by companies. This is a
relatively new tax, whose ambit has been expanding progressively.

M INING CESS 703

Indicator : Mining cess
Field : mining_cess
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the mining cess levied upon the mining operations of companies.
Mining companies usually report this cess under operating expenses or manufacturing expenses. Mining cess is an
indirect tax and CMIE captures this cess under indirect taxes, in this data field.

704 M ISCELLANEOUS INDIRECT TAXES

Indicator : Miscellaneous indirect taxes
Field : misc_indirect_taxes
Data Type : Number
Description:
This is a residual data field which stores any form of indirect tax that could not be specifically captured under any
of the known types of indirect taxes.
Any indirect tax that is neither an excise duty, nor a sales tax, a value added tax, a turnover tax, a service tax, a
mining cess, an interest tax, a contribution to the oil pool account or the joint plant committee or a registration fee
or a stamp duty or included under “rates & taxes” is classified as a miscellaneous indirect tax in Prowess.
Thus, custom duties, electricity duty, municipal taxes, etc are reported under this data field.

L ESS : INDIRECT TAX CREDITS 705

Indicator : Less: indirect tax credits
Field : indirect_tax_credits
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the amount of money that can be offset against a tax.
When a company purchases raw materials for production of goods, an indirect tax is incurred on the purchase of
raw materials. The indirect tax so incurred is equal to the tax paid by the supplier which is subsequently passed on
to the company through cost of raw materials. The company receives a tax credit for the indirect tax so incurred
during acquisition of raw materials. This indirect tax can later be used by the company to offset taxes levied on the
sale of the manufactured goods by the company.
This data field stores the monetary value of indirect tax credit set offs by the company relating to service tax, VAT,
excise duty or any other indirect tax incurred by the company.

706 ROYALTIES , TECHNICAL KNOW- HOW FEES , ETC

Indicator : Royalties, technical know-how fees, etc
Field : royalties_tech_know_how
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the sum total of the following individual fields;
1. Royalty
2. Technical know-how fees
3. License fees
This is a calculated data field. Royalty, technical know-how fees and license fees are captured individually, often,
there are only minor shades of differences between these. For example, a company could be paying a royalty for a
technology it uses, or it could call the same as a license-to-use fee, or it could plainly call it technical know-how
fees. CMIE posts the values in the data field that matches the closest to the first word in the nomenclature used by
the company.

ROYALTY 707

Indicator : Royalty
Field : royalty
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the royalty paid by companies, under an explicit agreement, for the use of a physical or
intellectual property owned by another entity.
Royalty is usually paid on the use of natural resources, trademarks, brand names, patents, franchise etc. Publishing
companies pay royalties to authors. Companies that exploit reserves of natural resources such as crude oil, coal,
mineral ores, etc pay royalties to the government.

708 T ECHNICAL KNOW- HOW FEES AND TECHNICAL SERVICE FEES

Indicator : Technical know-how fees and technical service fees
Field : tech_know_how
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the technical knowhow fee disclosed by companies in their annual reports.
A company pays a technical knowhow fee when it enters into an agreement with another entity that allows it to use
the latter’s technical knowhow for a fee. This can happen in a joint venture between two entities. It can also happen
through a simpler collaboration between two entities.
Technical knowhow fees is termed differently in different companies; it includes a wider gamut of closely related
payments, such as technical service fees, transfer of technology charges, etc.
Sometimes, companies combine technical knowhow fees with royalties. In such cases, CMIE assigns the value to
the item that is reported first in the nomenclature used by the company.

L ICENCE FEES 709

Indicator : Licence fees
Field : licence_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures fees paid for the year by a company on account of any licence that it acquires for its
business.
A licence is a formal and official right or permission obtained to possess or use something or to do something.
Licence fees are generally paid by the company to the government. Licence fees are charges paid to government
for official permit.
Companies may report one-time licence fees paid by them either as deferred revenue expenditure or may treat it
as an intangible asset and amortise it over a period. Where the company treats it as deferred revenue expenditure,
CMIE reports the amortisation amount under the field ’licence fees amortised’. On the other hand, if the licence
fees is treated as an intangible asset then the amortisation amount is reported under the field ’Depreciation’.
If a company pays licence fees every year, then this recurring expenditure is captured under this field.

710 R ENT & LEASE RENT

Indicator : Rent & lease rent
Field : rent_and_lease_rent
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the expenses incurred by a company in the form of rents and lease rents during an accounting
year. The latter includes finance lease rent and operating lease rent. The value of this data field is a calculated value
and is the sum of lease rent and other rents.
According to accounting standard 19 for leases issued by ICAI, lease is defined as “A lease is an agreement whereby
the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for a payment or series of payments the right to use an asset for an agreed
period of time".
Rent is a payment made to the owner of an immovable asset typically, land, premises, etc, for its use.

L EASE RENT 711

Indicator : Lease rent
Field : lease_rent
Data Type : Number
Description:
Lease rent is a charge paid on assets which are taken on lease by the company. Lease rents are of the following
types:
• Finance Lease
• Operating Lease
Lease payments are different from rent payments. Rent payments are for use of an asset or premises. Lease
payments are made towards the cost of the asset for a specified period, at the end of which the ownership may get
transferred to the lessee depending upon the agreement entered into between the lessor and the lessee.
The lease rent paid by the company is accounted in accordance with the accounting standard 19 for leases issued by
ICAI. It defines lease as “An agreement whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for a payment or series of
payments the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time”. It also states that lease includes agreements for the
hire of an asset, which contains a provision giving the hirer an option to acquire title to the assets upon fulfilment
of agreed conditions. These agreements are commonly known as hire purchase agreements.
Hire rent/hire charges reported by companies are reported under this data field. But “hire purchase finance charges”
are financial charges and are not classified as lease rent, instead, are reported as fee based financial charges. ‘ Hire
charges reported by transportation companies, recreational companies, telecommunication companies, relating to
their operational activity are not reported here. Instead they are included under their respective other operational
expenses.
“Aircraft lease rentals” reported by Jet Airways under operating expenses or “Hire of chartered ships” reported by
Great Eastern Shipping Company under operating expenses is not reported as “lease rent” but as “hiring charges”
under “other expenses of transport enterprises”.
“Set properties and equipment hire charges” reported by Balaji Telefilms under cost of production is not reported
here but as an operational expense of recreational company under the field “shooting studio recording charges”.

712 F INANCE LEASE

Indicator : Finance lease
Field : fin_lease_rent
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the value of expense incurred by a company during an accounting period in the form of finance
lease rent. According to accounting standard 19 (AS-19) for leases issued by ICAI, a lease is classified as a finance
lease if it transfers substantially, all the risks and rewards incident to ownership of an asset. Usually, in a finance
lease, the ownership of the asset is transferred to the lessee by the end of the lease term or the lessee has the option
to purchase the asset at a price at the end of the lease term.
However, such details are not available in the annual reports of companies and, for the purpose of capture of
information, the description regarding the lease provided by the company in its annual report is used to post an
entry in this data field. Effectively, if the annual report provides a description close to “finance lease”, then the
value against such a description is posted in this data field.
As mentioned in AS-19, whether a lease is a finance lease or an operating lease depends on the substance of the
transaction rather than its form.
Examples of situations which would normally lead to a lease being classified as a finance lease are:
1. the lease transfers ownership of the asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term;
2. the lessee has the option to purchase the asset at a price which is expected to be sufficiently lower than the
fair value at the date the option becomes exercisable such that, at the inception of the lease, it is reasonably
certain that the option will be exercised;
3. the lease term is for the major part of the economic life of the asset even if title is not transferred;
4. at the inception of the lease the present value of the minimum lease payments amounts to at least substantially
all of the fair value of the leased asset; and
5. the leased asset is of a specialised nature such that only the lessee can use it without major modifications
being made.
Indicators of situations which individually or in combination could also lead to a lease being classified as a finance
lease are:
• if the lessee can cancel the lease, the lessor’s losses associated with the cancellation are borne by the lessee;
• gains or losses from the fluctuation in the fair value of the residual fall to the lessee (for example in the form
of a rent rebate equalling most of the sales proceeds at the end of the lease); and
• the lessee can continue the lease for a secondary period at a rent which is substantially lower than market rent.

O PERATING LEASE 713

Indicator : Operating lease
Field : op_lease_rent
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the value of expense incurred by a company during an accounting period in the form of
operating lease rent. A lease is classified as an operating lease if it does not transfer substantially, all the risks and
rewards incident to ownership. The descriptions provided by the companies in their notes to accounts are relied
upon to classify a lease into an operating lease against a finance lease. A finance lease transfers substantially, the
risks and rewards of ownership. An operating lease does not.
According to accounting standard 19 (AS-19) for leases issued by ICAI, operating lease is defined as “a lease other
than a finance lease”.
AS-19 also states that whether a lease is a finance lease or an operating lease depends on the substance of the
transaction rather than its form.
The accounting standard gives examples of situations which would normally lead to a lease being classified as a
finance lease. Situations apart from the ones listed below would lead to a lease being classified as an operating
lease.
1. the lease transfers ownership of the asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term;
2. the lessee has the option to purchase the asset at a price which is expected to be sufficiently lower than the
fair value at the date the option b becomes exercisable such that, at the inception of the lease, it is reasonably
certain that the option will be exercised;
3. the lease term is for the major part of the economic life of the asset even if title is not transferred;
4. at the inception of the lease the present value of the minimum lease payments amounts to at least substantially
all of the fair value of the lease d asset; and
5. the leased asset is of a specialised nature such that only the lessee can use it without major modifications
being made.
Indicators of situations which individually or in combination could also lead to a lease being classified as a finance
lease are:
• if the lessee can cancel the lease, the lessor’s losses associated with the cancellation are borne by the lessee;
• gains or losses from the fluctuation in the fair value of the residual fall to the lessee (for example in the form
of a rent rebate equalling most of the sales proceeds at the end of the lease); and
• the lessee can continue the lease for a secondary period at a rent which is substantially lower than market rent.

714 OTHER RENT

Indicator : Other rent
Field : oth_rent
Data Type : Number
Description:
Rent is a payment made to the owner of an immovable asset typically, land, premises, etc, for its use. Some
companies report the amount of rent along with rates and taxes under the head ’Rents, rates & taxes’. In such
cases if the break up of different expenses is not available, CMIE treats the entire expense as rent. Rent paid by the
company on assets taken on lease is not entered in this data field. Lease rent is captured separately.
This data field also does not include rent paid for hiring aircraft by airlines, or rent paid for hiring ships by shipping
companies, nor would it include, rent paid for hiring equipments by recreation companies. These hiring charges
are reported under the “other” operating costs of the respective industries.
However, this data field includes rent paid by telecom companies for the network infrastructure. This is included
here because it is essentially rent for immovable assets such as network infrastructure. Although many telecom
companies report the network rent paid by them separately under operating costs, CMIE reports the same together
with the other rent expenditure, if any, of the company and not as an “other” operating cost.

A MORTISATION OF DEFERRED LOSS ON SALE & LEASE BACK ( OPERATING LEASE ) 715

Indicator : Amortisation of deferred loss on sale & lease back (operating lease)
Field : amort_def_loss_op_lease
Data Type : Number
Description:
A sale and leaseback transaction involves the sale of an asset by the vendor and the leasing of the same asset back
to the vendor. If the sale and leaseback results in operating lease, the seller (lessee) relinquishes the ownership of
the asset and only has the right to use the asset.
According to Ind AS 17 & AS 19 on Leases, the treatment of profit or loss (sale value minus net carrying value of
the asset) arising on sale in such an arrangement depends on the relationship between the actual sale value of the
asset and the fair value of the asset.
• If the transaction is established at fair value, any profit or loss should be recognised immediately.
• If the sale price is above fair value, the excess over fair value should be deferred and amortised over the period
for which the asset is expected to be used.
• If the sale price is below fair value, any profit or loss should be recognised immediately except that, if the
loss is compensated by future lease payments at below market price, it should be deferred and amortised in
proportion to the lease payments over the period for which the asset is expected to be used
The data captured in this data field is the amortisation of deferred loss that relates to sale and operating lease back
arrangement described in the third point above.

716 L ESS : A MORTISATION OF DEFERRED GAIN ON SALE & LEASE BACK ( OPERATING LEASE )

Indicator : Less: Amortisation of deferred gain on sale & lease back (operating lease)
Field : amort_def_gain_op_lease
Data Type : Number
Description:
A sale and leaseback transaction involves the sale of an asset by the vendor and the leasing of the same asset back
to the vendor. If the sale and leaseback results in operating lease, the seller (lessee) relinquishes the ownership of
the asset and only has the right to use the asset.
According to Ind AS 17 & AS 19 on Leases, the treatment of profit or loss (sale value minus net carrying value of
the asset) arising on sale in such an arrangement depends on the relationship between the actual sale value of the
asset and the fair value of the asset.
If a sale and leaseback transaction results in an operating lease and sale price is above fair value, the excess of
amount over the fair value shall be deferred and amortised over the period for which the asset is expected to be
used.
The amount of deferred gain amortised to profit and loss a/c is captured under this data-field.

R EPAIRS & MAINTENANCE 717

Indicator : Repairs & maintenance
Field : repair_maintenance
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the total amount spend by the company on repairs and maintenance. It is the sum total of the
following data fields:
1. Repairs and maintenance of buildings
2. Repairs and maintenance of plant and machinery
3. Repairs and maintenance of vehicles and others
Each of these is captured separately in the database.
According to cost accounting standard on repairs and maintenance cost(CAS-12) issued by Cost Accounting Stan-
dards Board of ICWAI, cost of all activities which have the objective of maintaining or restoring an asset in or to
a state in which it can perform its required function at intended capacity and efficiency. For example: A machine
requires regular maintenance to ensure that production is not affected due to any break-down. Also, in case of a
break-down, the machine needs to be repaired. Such expenses are captured in this data field. In other words, cost
of spares replaced which do not enhance the future economic benefits from the existing asset beyond its previously
assessed standard of performance shall be included under repairs and maintenance cost. Hence, expenses towards
modification of an asset to extend its useful life or improve its efficiency is not included in this data field.
Companies disclose expenses towards repairs and maintenance in the schedules/notes to accounts of their annual
reports. Expenses in the form of repairs and maintenance of buildings, plant & machinery, vehicles and other assets
is disclosed separately in the other expenses schedule of the annual report.

718 R EPAIRS & MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS

Indicator : Repairs & maintenance of buildings
Field : rep_maint_building
Data Type : Number
Description:
The data field records the amount of revenue expenditure incurred towards “repairs and maintenance of buildings”.
According to cost accounting standard on repairs and maintenance cost(CAS-12) issued by Cost Accounting Stan-
dards Board of ICWAI, cost of all activities which have the objective of maintaining or restoring an asset in or to a
state in which it can perform its required function at intended capacity and efficiency.
Generally, repairs and maintenance are reported in the schedule of manufacturing expenses. However, some com-
panies, especially those which do not have any manufacturing activity, report the same in their schedule of admin-
istrative expense. CMIE posts the numbers in this data field independent of the broader classification adopted by
the company.
If the company has capitalised these expenses i.e. it has been added to the cost of the asset then the expenditure is
not reported in this data field.

R EPAIRS & MAINTENANCE OF PLANT & MACHINERY 719

Indicator : Repairs & maintenance of plant & machinery
Field : rep_maint_plant_mach
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field records the amount of revenue expenditure incurred towards “repairs and maintenance of plant
and machinery”. According to cost accounting standard on repairs and maintenance cost(CAS-12) issued by Cost
Accounting Standards Board of ICWAI, cost of all activities which have the objective of maintaining or restoring
an asset in or to a state in which it can perform its required function at intended capacity and efficiency.
Generally, companies report repairs and maintenance expenses in manufacturing expenses schedule. However,
some companies, report it in the cost of goods sold schedule. Depending upon the nature of the business different
companies report the expense under different schedules. However, CMIE reports all expenses on repairs and
maintenance of plant and machinery under this data field.
If the company has capitalised the expenses i.e. it has been added to the cost of the asset then, it is not reported in
this data field.
Repairs and maintenance of network establishments of telecom companies when specified in their annual reports
is reported as part of “Network cost of telecom enterprises”.

720 R EPAIRS & MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES & OTHERS

Indicator : Repairs & maintenance of vehicles & others
Field : rep_maint_vehicles
Data Type : Number
Description:
Repair expenses incurred by companies other than on buildings and plant and machinery are recorded in this data
field. Repairs of computers, electric equipments, electrical installations, ships etc. are all included in this data field.
“Vehicle running and maintenance expenses” are treated as “travelling and conveyance expenses” and “Vehicle
expenses” are treated as “repairs on vehicles”.
Dry dock expenses reported by shipping companies are reported under repairs & maintenance of vehicles. Dry
docking is taking the ship into a pit for repairs. To dock a ship without water is dry docking. This is different
from docking charges. Docking is like parking charges at the dock, so, docking charges is posted in the field
“wharfage, docking charges” under “other operational expenses of transport companies”. But, dry docking is
posted in “Repairs & maintenance of vehicles & others”.
If companies do not disclose break-up of their repairs and maintenance expenses then, the total amount of repairs
and maintenance expense is captured in this data field. For example: I C I C I Bank Ltd., in its annual report for the
year ending March 2012, has reported repairs and maintenance expenses of Rs.5629.50 million. Since, the bank
has not disclosed the break-up of this value, the total amount of Rs.5629.50 million has been captured in this data
field.

I NSURANCE PREMIUM PAID 721

Indicator : Insurance premium paid
Field : insurance_premium_paid
Data Type : Number
Description:
Insurance means protection against future contingent losses. In business parlance, it is a contract in which the
insured party makes a periodic payment to another party, known as an insurer, with the agreement that the insurer
will compensate for or bear the insured’s losses, or a part thereof. The contract between the insurer and the insured
is known as an insurance policy. The periodic amount paid to the insurer is known as insurance premium.
This data field records the amount of insurance premium paid by a company on its assets, on goods in transit and
on key persons of the company. This is a calculated data field and is a sum of the following data fields:
1. Transit insurance premium
2. Keyman insurance
3. Other insurance premium
Each of these is captured separately on Prowess.

722 I NSURANCE PREMIUM OTHER THAN TRANSIT PREMIUM

Indicator : Insurance premium other than transit premium
Field : insurance_premium_excl_transit
Data Type : Number
Description:
Insurance means protection against future contingent losses. In business parlance, it is a contract in which the
insured party makes a periodic payment to another party, known as an insurer, with the agreement that the insurer
will compensate for or bear the insured’s losses, or a part thereof. The contract between the insurer and the insured
is known as an insurance policy, and the periodic amount paid to the insurer is known as insurance premium.
Companies get their assets insured in order to cover the risk of damage to property in the regular course of its
business activities.
Unless explicitly mentioned to be otherwise, CMIE treats all amounts reported by a company as ’insurance pre-
mium’ as general insurance premium not pertaing to transit. Companies usually report a single consolidated figure
of insurance premium. This data field captures the value of such ’insurance premium’ that has not been explicitly
stated to be keyman insurance or transit insurance.
However, if a company reports the premium paid on transit, then this is captured separately as ’transit insurance
premium’ and is excluded from this data field.
Companies usually report keyman insurance premium paid under the schedule for employee related cost. Hence,
the question of excluding keyman insurance from ’insurance premium’ does not arise.
Companies may report ECGC (Export Credit Guarantee Commission) and DICGC (Deposit Insurance and Credit
Guarantee Corporation) premiums, separately. CMIE captures these in this data field.

T RANSIT INSURANCE PREMIUM 723

Indicator : Transit insurance premium
Field : transit_insurance
Data Type : Number
Description:
Companies, during the normal course of business activities, need to transport goods from one place to another.
Goods in transit are susceptible to risks of loss due to damage or theft. In order to indemnify themselves against
the risk of damage to goods during the course of their transit, companies obtain insurance cover for such transit.
Premium paid for such insurance covers are known as transit insurance premiums. This data field captures the
value of such premium paid on transit insurance.
Companies usually report total ’insurance premium’ payments, without disclosing a breakup of how much was
spent on transit insurance or other kinds of insurance. In such cases, the amount is recorded as ’other insurance
premium’ with the assumption that it is not pertaining to transit. However, if the break-up of premium paid on
insurance of goods in transit is provided in the notes to accounts, such transit insurance is captured in this data
field.

724 K EY- MAN INSURANCE TO EMPLOYEES

Indicator : Key-man insurance to employees
Field : keyman_insurance
Data Type : Number
Description:
Keyman insurance is an insurance policy taken by a business entity on the life of a key employee (termed in
insurance parlance as a keyman), whose services contribute substantially to the entity’s profitability. It is taken in
order to indemnify a business firm from the loss of earnings caused by the death of a valuable employee.
This data field captures the value of amounts paid by a company towards premium on such keyman insurance
policies.
Certain company officials contribute to the profits of an organisation. In the event of their leaving the organisation
due to resignation, death or any other unforeseen circumstances, the company may not be able to sustain that rate
of growth. Besides, replacing such a keyman would involve incurring heavy training costs, which again reduces
a company’s profits. Hence, companies subscribe to a keyman insurance policy as a cover against the loss of
revenue/profits in the case of any unforeseen events occurring to their top management officials. In India, a keyman
insurance policy only indemnifies losses caused by the death of a keyman.
Companies normally include the premium of keyman insurance under the schedule of employee related cost. Some
others disclose the figure of keyman insurance separately. Wherever possible, CMIE always captures such an
amount under this data field.

O UTSOURCED INDUSTRIAL JOBS (I NCLUDING M FG .) 725

Indicator : Outsourced industrial jobs (Including Mfg.)
Field : outsourced_mfg_jobs
Data Type : Number
Description:
Outsourcing can be defined as the practice of having certain job functions done by another individual/enterprise,
instead of getting it done internally. This data field captures all those expenses incurred by a company for getting
their manufacturing requirements done from outside parties.
In present times, it is a normal practice followed by companies to outsource a part of their requirement or certain
manufacturing jobs to outside parties. Certain companies which manufacture large products (like car manufactur-
ers) resort to outsourcing since it may not be feasible or economical for them to manufacture all the items necessary
for manufacturing the entire product. Many companies outsource their entire manufacturing process and merely
add their brand name to the end-product.
The key objective for outsourcing is cost saving. Apart from that, outsourcing also helps a company optimise its
labour resources and use it efficiently, while offloading certain non-core processes to outside parties. Outsourcing
also helps bring aboard expertise without having to spend on recruitment and training of workforce.
This data field reports any amount spent by a company on outsourcing any manufacturing job. It includes amounts
paid to outside parties towards labour charges, fabrication charges, processing charges, machining charges, fettling
charges and the like. Other terms include conversion charges, contracted production and sub-contracted production.

726 O UTSOURCED PROFESSIONAL JOBS

Indicator : Outsourced professional jobs
Field : outsourced_professional_jobs
Data Type : Number
Description:
Outsourcing can be defined as the practice of having certain job functions done by another individual/enterprise,
instead of getting it done internally. This data field captures all those expenses incurred by a company for getting
certain professional jobs done by outside professionals/firms. All the expenses incurred by companies for engaging
external professional services are captured in this data field.
The expenses captured in this data field can be broadly classified as follows:-
1. Auditors fees
2. Consultancy fees
3. IT/ITES & other professional services
The key objective of outsourcing is cost saving. Apart from that, outsourcing also helps a company optimise its
human resources and use it efficiently, while offloading certain non-core processes to outside parties. Outsourcing
also helps bring aboard expertise without having to spend on recruitment and training of workforce.

AUDITORS FEES 727

Indicator : Auditors fees
Field : auditors_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
As per the disclosure requirements of part II of schedule VI of Companies Act 1956, companies are required to
disclose fees paid to auditors with the following break-up:
1. as auditor
2. as advisor, or in any other capacity, in respect of taxation matters, company law matters and management
services
3. in any other manner
CMIE classifies these expenses into following three heads.
1. Audit fees
2. Fees paid for taxation matters
3. Fees paid for company law matters.
Each of these are captured separately, to the extent the details are disclosed in the Annual Report. This data field,
the “Auditors fees” is calculated as the sum of the above mentioned three data fields. Service tax levied on Audit
fees are treated as part of audit fees paid.

728 AUDIT FEES

Indicator : Audit fees
Field : audit_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
The revised schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956 requires companies to report payments made by a company
to its auditors, with respect to the following:-
1. towards audit fees
2. for taxation matters
3. for company law matters
4. for management services
5. for other services; and
6. towards reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the auditor
This data field captures the amount paid by a company to its auditor, explicity towards audit fees.
This field captures not only fees for statutory audits, but also internal audit fees, tax audit fees, concurrent audit fee,
fees for limited review, etc. However, it does not include cost audit fees, which are captured separately. Service tax
paid on audit fees is reported as a part of audit fees paid. Companies may provide information on audit fees paid
either in the schedule of expenses or under its notes to accounts.

AUDITORS FEES FOR TAXATION MATTERS 729

Indicator : Auditors fees for taxation matters
Field : audit_fees_taxation
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the value of payments made by a company to its auditor, for services offered in terms of
taxation matters.
Audit firms often provide consultancy services with relation to taxation matters. Such services could be in the form
of tax planning, tax litigation services, service tax disputes, sales tax assessment, filing of tax returns, correspon-
dence with tax authorities, etc. Therefore, fees paid to auditors in their capacity as tax consultants are recorded in
this data field.

730 AUDITORS FEES FOR COMPANY LAW MATTERS & OTHERS

Indicator : Auditors fees for company law matters & others
Field : audit_fees_co_law
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the value of payments made by a company to its auditor, for services offered in terms of
company law matters and for services other than audit and tax consultancy.
Sometimes, audit firms advise their clients on company law related matters. Fees paid to them for such services
are captured in this data field. Certification fees are also included here. Fees paid for services other than for audit,
for taxation matters and for management services are also included here. Such expenses might be reported by
companies as ’payment to auditor for other services’. Additionally, any other amount paid to auditors, such as ’out
of pocket expenses’ or ’reimbursement of expenses’ are also captured in this field.

C ONSULTANCY FEES 731

Indicator : Consultancy fees
Field : consult_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
Companies’ management might not always be able to come up with solutions to all problems. In certain cases where
a higher level of expertise and greater experience can come in handy, companies appoint professional consultants.
Such consultants, whether individuals or professional bodies, can be engaged for obtaining advice on various
financial and technical matters. Fees paid to such consultants, i.e. consultancy fees, are captured in this field.
This data field is segregated into fees paid to the company’s auditors in their capacities as consultants and consul-
tancy fees paid to others. Both is captured separately, and this data field is the sum of the two.

732 C ONSULTANCY FEES TO AUDITORS

Indicator : Consultancy fees to auditors
Field : consult_fees_auditors
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field reports fees paid to the auditors for providing any advisory services other than those pertaining to
taxation and company law matters. It also excludes audit fees. These advisory services are mainly of the form of
project financing, working capital management, loan syndication, etc. Largely, expenses reported by companies as
’management fees paid to auditor’ or ’payment to auditor for management services’ are captured in this data field.

C ONSULTANCY FEES TO OTHERS 733

Indicator : Consultancy fees to others
Field : consult_fees_others
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the value of consultancy fees paid by a company to consultants, i.e. expenses incurred on
consultancy fees. It excludes consultancy fees paid to auditors, since this is recorded elsewhere.
If a company merely reports ’consultancy fees’ or ’management fees’ or such other expense head, without explicitly
mentioning the same to have been paid to its auditors, then it is assumed that they expense is not pertaining to
auditors. Companies may avail of consultancy services from merchant bankers and investment advisors at the
time of fresh issue of equity shares or arranging of funds. They may also seek advice on mergers, demergers,
acquisitions, etc. Technical consultancy is sought from engineering firms at the time of initial layout of plants or at
the time of commissioning of machinery. The services of media and branding consultants might be availed of for
enhancing brand image and to handle public relations. Such expenses are captured in this data field.

734 IT/ITES & OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

Indicator : IT/ITES & other professional services
Field : oth_outsourced_prof_jobs
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is a child indicator under the parent ’Outsourced professional jobs’, which captures expenses in-
curred by a company on services rendered by IT/ITES and other professional service providers.
This data field covers expenses incurred on software development, IT and IT enabled services (ITES) charges, cost
audit fees and legal charges and other professional service charges. This data field has child indicators to capture
each of these individual expense heads separately. It services are those services that are directly related to computer
hardware/software systems. On the other hand, ITES services are those that use computer/telecommunication
systems to provide services in the non-IT field.
This data field effectively covers all expenses incurred on professional jobs outsourced by a company, other than
fees paid to auditors and consultancy fees.

S OFTWARE CHARGES 735

Indicator : Software charges
Field : sw_dev_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
These are expenses paid by the company to an external agency for software maintenance, upgradation, etc. Ex-
penses related to management information system are also included here. However, it excludes any data-entry
work or data-processing work that may have been outsourced by the company. These are included separately in
"IT-enabled services charges".
Sub-contract expenses of software development companies are not reported here, they are captured as ‘Other oper-
ational expenses of IT and ITES companies’.

736 IT ENABLED SERVICES CHARGES

Indicator : IT enabled services charges
Field : ites
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field includes expenses of the company towards getting any data-entry work, data-processing work, data
warehousing or any similar task done from an external agency. It could include back-office operations, accounting
work, etc. However, it excludes expenses paid by the company to an external agency for software maintenance,
upgradation, etc. These are captured separately under the "Software charges" data field.
Sub-contract expenses of IT/BPO service provider companies are not reported here, they are captured as ‘Other
operational expenses of IT and ITES companies’.

C OST AUDIT FEES 737

Indicator : Cost audit fees
Field : cost_audit_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
Fees paid to cost auditors for conducting audit of cost records is reported in this data field.
The audit of cost accounts is to be in addition to the audit of the financial accounts by the statutory auditor appointed
under section 224 or 224A. Cost audit applies only to companies engaged in production, processing, manufacturing
or mining activities.
Till March 2011, the Central Government would, in its discretion, direct the audit of cost accounts of a company by
a cost accountant under section 233-B. In other words, the government issued company -specific cost audit order
every year. Thus, audit of cost accounts of a company was not a regular annual feature, unlike the audit of financial
accounts of a company which is required to be conducted annually.
On 2 May 2011, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs issued an order that all companies engaged in the production,
processing, manufacturing or mining of certain products/activities and which fulfil certain other key criteria, have
to mandatorily get their cost accounting records audited by a cost auditor for each financial year commencing on
or after 1 April 2011. The products/activities listed in the order are bulk drugs, formulations, fertilizers, sugar,
industrial alcohol, electricity, petroleum and telecommunication. The Ministry later issued further notifications
bringing more products/activities under the ambit of mandatory cost audit. With the revision in the system of cost
audit as above, individual cost audit orders for the companies or products are no longer issued by the Ministry of
Corporate Affairs.

738 L EGAL CHARGES

Indicator : Legal charges
Field : legal_charges
Data Type : Number
Description:
Fees paid to legal advisors, law firms, etc. for providing legal advice and related services is reported in this data
field. Where companies combine legal charges with some other charges, these are reported as "legal charges" going
by the principle of first word disclosure in case of composite reporting by companies.
Companies also seek advice from auditors or audit firms on matters related to company law, for which they pay
fees to auditors. These expenses are not recorded in this data field. They are recorded under "Payment for company
law matters" under the head "Payments to auditors".

OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 739

Indicator : Other professional services
Field : oth_professional_serv
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is a child of the field ’IT/ITES & other professional services’. It captures all those expenses reported
by a company on external professional services engaged by the company for services other than audit, consultancy
services, software development, IT-enabled services, cost audit and legal services. It also captures expenses simply
reported by companies as ’professional charges’ or ’outsourcing fees’ or ’fees paid to outsiders for services’,
whereby it is not possible to allocate the same to any of the aforementioned professional service charges.
Security charges, architect fees, retainership fees, watch & ward expenses, supervision fees paid by companies to
external professional agencies are some examples of the expenses captured in this field. Sub contracting expenses
paid by non-financial service companies other than software and IT companies, are also reported in this data field.
Deputation costs paid by a company to employees of other organisations is also captured in this data field. CMIE
distinguishes between deputation allowance paid by the company to own employees deputed elsewhere and depu-
tation costs paid to employees of some other organisation deputed with the company. Any deputation allowance,
paid by a company, deputing its employees to other organisations is captured under ’compensation to employees’,
while on the other hand deputation costs paid by the company to employees from other organisations is considered
an outsourcing expense, and reported under ’other professional services’.
In order to make a distinction between deputation allowance paid by a company to its employees and deputation
costs paid to employees of other organisations, CMIE generally follows the rule: deputation costs included by the
company under its personnel expense is treated as ’compensation to employees’ but if not reported here, it is posted
in the data field ’other professional services’.
In summary, this field is residual in nature and is used to capture all expenses incurred on outsourcing of profes-
sional services, which can not be captured elsewhere on Prowess.

740 N ON - EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ’ FEES & COMMISSION

Indicator : Non-executive directors’ fees & commission
Field : directors_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
This is the sitting fees and all other forms of compensation paid to non-executive directors of the company. Besides
sitting fees it includes commissions, bonuses, etc. paid to non-executive directors of companies. It does not include
compensations paid to executive or full-time directors of the company. This is included under compensation to
employees. Again, it does not include Board Meeting expenses which are reported as Miscellaneous expenses.
Where the disclosure/ breakup under section 198 provides the information of Sitting fees/commission to Non
executive directors being paid but the same has not been shown separately in the Profit and loss account nor any
information regarding the exact account head i.e. salaries or miscellaneous expenses etc. in which such an amount
is included been provided, then, we do not report the amount in this calculative field.

S ELLING & DISTRIBUTION EXPENSES 741

Indicator : Selling & distribution expenses
Field : selling_distribution_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Selling & distribution expenses are all those expenses which are incurred by a company in the course of promoting
and marketing its products, securing orders from customers/clients and executing them, and thereafter on the de-
livery of sold products to customers. In summary, selling & distribution expenses covers all expenses incurred in
the course of procuring customers and delivering products to them.
This data field captures a company’s selling and distribution expenses. It is a calculated data field and is the sum
total of the following:-
1. Advertising expenses
2. Marketing expenses
3. Distribution expenses
Individually, these are disparate activities and thus very different expenditure items. Thus, they are reported sep-
arately. However, some relatively smaller companies might choose to club all these or some of these together. In
such cases of compound disclosure, CMIE reports the total amount reported as selling and distribution expense
under the ’marketing expenses’ data field.

742 A DVERTISING EXPENSES

Indicator : Advertising expenses
Field : advertising
Data Type : Number
Description:
All expenses borne by the company for advertising purposes are captured in this data field. Usually, such ex-
penses are largely for promotion of sales by consumer goods companies. Some companies incur huge advertising
expenditure at the time of launching a new product. In such cases, if the management perceives the benefits of
such expenditure to accrue over a longer period, then it may amortise the expenditure over the period of such per-
ceived benefits. In such cases, only the portion of the expenditure amortised during the year is reported under the
amortisation data field and no amount is posted in the advertising data field.

M ARKETING EXPENSES 743

Indicator : Marketing expenses
Field : marketing
Data Type : Number
Description:
CMIE’s Prowess database has bifurcated a company’s seeling & distribution expenses into three categories, namely
’advertising’, ’marketing’ and ’distribution’. This data field captures a company’s marketing expenses.
Academically, marketing is defined as "the systematic planning, implementation, and control of a mix of business
activities intended to bring together buyers and sellers for the mutually advantageous exchange or transfer of
products." Prowess, however, recognises marketing expenses differently.
Apart from ’marketing expenses’ reported by companies in their Annual Reports, the marketing expenses data field
on Prowess captures the following expenses:-
1. Rebates and discounts given to dealers/customers
2. Liquidated damages incurred
3. Business promotion expenses
4. Brokerage and commission paid to selling agents of the company
5. Sales promotion expenses and expenses on after sales services provided to consumers
6. Market research/survey expenses
Of these, rebates and discounts is captured separately. The remaining are clubbed together and captured as ’sales
promotion expenses’.
Liquidated damages is the amount paid, based on the reasonable estimate of a just compensation for the harm
caused by the company to the other party on account of non-fulfillment of certain terms and conditions mentioned
in the contract, which the company had entered into, at the time of sale. These are generally in the nature of late
delivery or untimely performance.
Market research helps a company design its product/service and determine its pricing, distribution channels
and marketing mix. It involves collecting, recording and analysing of data gathered from a company’s mar-
ket/prospective markets. It helps identify marketing opportunities and problems, gives rise to marketing actions,
and helps monitor and evaluate marketing performance. Surveys are one of the methods of conducting market
research.
Business promotion expenses, and brokerage expenses & commission paid to selling agents are clubbed with and
recorded as sales promotion expenses.

744 R EBATES & DISCOUNT EXPENSES

Indicator : Rebates & discount expenses
Field : rebates_disc_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Rebates and discounts are marketing tools involving reduction in the invoice amount to be paid by a customer.
These are aimed at encouraging purchases by prospective customers and enhancing the likelihood of the offtake of
goods produced/services. Marketing expenses are incurred by a company in order to market or sell its products.
Rebates and discounts are essentially price-related marketing expenses incurred by a company, since they are
offered in order to reward customer loyalty and boost sales.
This data field captures all of a company’s expenses incurred/revenues foregone by way of rebates and discounts.
A rebate is a refund granted to a buyer by a manufacturer, distributor or dealer for making purchases above a certain
amount or a certain volume during a particular time frame or during the course of a contract or an agreement.
Manufacturers generally give rebates to bring down the effective final price of their products. Rebates are not
granted to all customers. They are only doled out to regular customers who are heavy buyers. A rebate can be
construed as a reward for customer loyalty.
A discount, on the other hand, is an amount or percentage of reduction in selling price of a product, given on a single
transaction, and not at the end of a time frame/contract. It is unconditional in nature and offered to all customers,
subject to their meeting certain conditions in terms of purchase volumes, etc. It is usually fixed in nature, i.e. it is
granted as a percentage of the billing amount.

S ALES PROMOTION EXPENSES 745

Indicator : Sales promotion expenses
Field : sales_promotional_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Sales promotion expenses refers to all expenses, apart from advertising expenses, which help boost or promote a
company’s sales. It involves giving information about a brand, product, product line or a company, in order to lend
it recall value. It is a short term and direct method of garnering sales. Sales promotion differs from advertising in
that advertising involves the conveying of information through paid media. is not directed to any person in specific,
and hence it is non-direct in nature.
The American Marketing Association defines sales promotion as ’those marketing activities other than personal
selling advertising and publicity that stimulate consumer purchasing and dealer effectiveness, such as display shows
and exhibitions, demonstrations, and various non-recurrent selling efforts not in the ordinary routine.’ Sales pro-
motion helps in informing, persuading and reminding prospective and existing customers about a company and its
products.
This data field captures sales promotion expenses incurred by companies. Apart from expenses booked by com-
panies as ’sales promotion expenses’ it also includes after-sales services provided to consumers, provision for
warranty claims, brokerages and commission charges, incentives paid to selling agents, business promotion ex-
penses, commission to C&F agents, publicity and public relations, and other similar expense heads, irrespective of
the nomenclature used.

746 D ISTRIBUTION EXPENSES

Indicator : Distribution expenses
Field : distribution_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
This is the expenditure the company incurs to deliver its products to consumers or intermediaries such as distribu-
tors, wholesalers or retailers. It includes freight outward and handling charges. Loading and unloading of goods,
freight expenses incurred by the company for transporting the goods from its premises to dealers or distributors
are included under this item head. Sometimes, companies refer to such expenses as despatch and forwarding
expenditure.
Amounts reported as breakage and shortage, loss of goods in transit, consignment expenses, etc. are included, by
CMIE, under distribution expenses.
CMIE also includes under distribution expenses those liquidated damages which are paid by a company for dam-
ages that have occurred whilst goods were in transit. For example, liquidated damages paid by a liquor company
for breakage of bottles is reported as a part of distribution cost.
Distribution expenses do not include packaging expenses and freight inwards. Both these expenses form part of
raw material consumption. However, where companies combine packing/packaging expenses with forwarding or
dispatching expenses, CMIE reports such a composite amount as a distribution expense and is thus posted in this
data field. Where the individual amount of packing/packaging expenses is provided in the Annual Report, such
expenses are reported under the Packaging expenses data field and not as a distribution expense, even if reported
under the Selling and Distribution expenses schedule.

T RAVEL EXPENSES 747

Indicator : Travel expenses
Field : travel_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field reports expenses incurred by the company on travel. This includes domestic as well as foreign travel,
by the directors, management or staff. Apart from travel expense, conveyance expense i.e. expense incurred for
local commuting by the company’s staff is also included in this data field, if such information is available separately
in the Annual Report of the company. Companies generally report these expenses as “travelling” or “conveyance”
or “travelling and conveyance” expenses. “Vehicle running” or “vehicle running and maintenance” expenses are
also reported here. Boarding and lodging expenses are also a part of travelling expenses.
Companies may also report these expenses as foreign tours, travel & tourism expenses, Visa expenses, etc. under
Administrative expenses. The same may also appear under some other expense schedules.

748 C OMMUNICATIONS EXPENSES

Indicator : Communications expenses
Field : communications
Data Type : Number
Description:
Communications expenses includes cost incurred by the company on telephone, telegram, postage, fax, satellite
and internet services.
CMIE captures separately, information under following heads.
1. Telephone expenses
2. Postage & courier
3. Expenses on web hosting / co-hosting
4. Expenses on VSATs, satellite links
5. Expenses on ISPs for internet services
While CMIE does make an attempt to provide finely granulated data, the success is limited since companies club
various kinds of communication expenses. Thus, often, this data field covering all kinds of communications ex-
penses is more reliable than its further break-up.
Generally, communications expenses are reported by companies as a part of the Administrative expenses or Other
expenses schedule, but in case of telecommunication companies, communications expenses are reported as a part
of the Operating Expenses schedule. Nevertheless, CMIE reports all communications expenses in this data field.

T ELEPHONE EXPENSES 749

Indicator : Telephone expenses
Field : telephone
Data Type : Number
Description:
Expenses incurred on telephone usage by the company is recorded under this data field.

750 P OSTAGE & COURIER

Indicator : Postage & courier
Field : postage_and_courier
Data Type : Number
Description:
Expenditure incurred on postage and courier by the company is recorded under this data field.

E XPENSES ON DATA CENTERS , WEB HOSTING AND CO HOSTING 751

Indicator : Expenses on data centers, web hosting and co hosting
Field : web_hosting
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field reports the expenses paid by the company for hosting its website or web pages on the internet. It does
not include fees paid to internet service provider for internet services, if such information is available separately.

752 E XPENSES ON VSATS , SATELLITE LINKS

Indicator : Expenses on vsats, satellite links
Field : vsat_satellite_links
Data Type : Number
Description:
Companies use satellite communication for inventory & logistics management, retail credit card authorisations,
maintenance of Reuters terminal, etc. The expenditure incurred on VSAT connections and / or for satellite links
for communication is included under this data field.

E XPENSES ON ISPS FOR INTERNET SERVICES 753

Indicator : Expenses on isps for internet services
Field : internet_serv
Data Type : Number
Description:
The charges paid to the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for internet usage are recorded in this data field.

754 P RINTING & STATIONERY EXPENSES

Indicator : Printing & stationery expenses
Field : printing_stationery
Data Type : Number
Description:
The data field reports expenses incurred by a company on printing and stationery requirements. These include the
cost of business letter heads, business cards, envelopes, papers, pins, staplers, punching machines, files, folders,
pencil, eraser, adhesive tapes, adhesive gums, paper weights, paper trays and other miscellaneous items of printing
and stationery.
This data field excludes the printing expenses incurred by the printing and publishing firms since the same would
form part of their raw material expenses.
Companies by and large report such expenses under the nomenclature “printing and stationery expenses" under
“Administrative and general expenses".

M ISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE 755

Indicator : Miscellaneous expenditure
Field : misc_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Miscellaneous expenses comprise of a host of expenditure items that are not directly related to production expenses
and which cannot be appropriately classified into other expense heads in Prowess. These miscellaneous expenses
are further classified under seven broad heads in Prowess. These broad heads are:
1. Donations
2. Social & community expenses
3. Environment related expenses
4. Subscriptions & membership fees
5. Research & development expenses
6. Penalties on direct taxes
7. Other miscellaneous expenses
This data field is the sum of the entries in each of the above data fields.

756 D ONATIONS

Indicator : Donations
Field : donations
Data Type : Number
Description:
Donations made by companies are reported in this data field. These are not directly related to the day-to-day oper-
ations and are usually incurred for social causes. Since they are not in the nature of manufacturing, administration,
selling or distribution expenses, they are classified under miscellaneous expenditure.
Some types of donations are:
1. Donation for a religious purpose.
2. Donation to a local authority or an institution set up for the purpose of a social cause.
3. Donation to an institution for the relief work because of destruction caused by a natural calamity.
4. Donation given to the Prime Ministers’ National or Drought Relief fund.
5. Donation to a political party (Not applicable for Government companies).
Companies mostly disclose the value of donations made during the year in the break-up of ‘Other expenses’ which
is a part of schedules/notes to financial statements of the annual report.

S OCIAL AND COMMUNITY EXPENSES ( INCLUDING CSR EXP ) 757

Indicator : Social and community expenses (including CSR exp)
Field : social_community
Data Type : Number
Description:
These are the expenses incurred by companies for benefit of the society or community in general. They may be in
the nature of expenses on building or maintaining public parks, garden maintenance, building temples, constructing
roads or contributing for social occasions, etc. Companies mostly disclose these expenses as a part of ‘other
expenses’ or classify such expenses as ‘Welfare expenses’ in the Schedules/Notes to financial statements of the
annual report.

758 E NVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION CONTROL RELATED EXPENSES

Indicator : Environment and pollution control related expenses
Field : environment_related
Data Type : Number
Description:
Companies, at times, describe an expense as to control or reduce pollution caused during the manufacturing process.
These expenses can be for effluent disposal, environment development, etc. If a company reports such expenses
without providing any further detail it is recorded in this data field.
According to Cost Accounting Standard on Pollution Control Cost(CAS-14), “Pollution control means the control
of emissions and effluents into environment. It constitutes the use of materials, processes, or practices to reduce,
minimize, or eliminate the creation of pollutants or wastes. It includes practices that reduce the use of toxic
or hazardous materials, energy, water, and/or other resources”. Companies report these expenses in the ‘Other
expenses’ schedule/notes to accounts of the annual report.

S UBSCRIPTIONS ( INCLUDING TECHNICAL & OTHER BOOKS , JOURNALS ETC .) AND MEMBERSHIP FEES 759

Indicator : Subscriptions (including technical & other books, journals etc.) and membership
fees
Field : subscriptions
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field reports expenses incurred by the companies for subscription of newspapers, magazines, journals,
newsletters, books, periodicals, etc. It would also include expenses, if any, on membership fees. Expenses incurred
by broking/finance companies on membership fees of stock exchanges etc. are also captured in this data field. Com-
panies mostly disclose the expenses on subscription and membership fees in the ‘Other expenses’ schedule/notes
to accounts of the annual report.
Companies engaged in providing research and analysis on companies usually subscribe to financial and economic
databases. These are also included in this data field.

760 R ESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES

Indicator : Research & development expenses
Field : rnd_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data-item captures the current expenses incurred and reported by the company on research and development.
It does not include any capital expenditure on research and development. The information for this data-field is
necessarily taken from the profit and loss financial statements or the schedules forming a part of the profit and
loss statements. Indian companies also disclose their total expenditure on research and development - current and
capital - in the Directors’ Report. Such information is captured separately, and not included in this data field.
If companies report expenses relating to research and development, under some other head, for example, under
salaries or rent etc., CMIE separates out such expenses and reports all such expenses in this data field.
At times, companies report amounts of salaries, rent, repairs depreciation etc. relating to research and development
under the schedule “research and development expenses”. In such cases, CMIE does not further classify these item
heads, instead, it posts the composite amount of revenue expense incurred for research and development, in the
data-field.

P ENALTIES ON DIRECT TAXES 761

Indicator : Penalties on direct taxes
Field : penalties_on_direct_taxes
Data Type : Number
Description:
As per the guidance note on Revised Schedule VI to the companies Act, 1956 – Any penalties levied under income
tax laws should not be classified as current tax. Penalties which are compensatory in nature (e.g. interest on
shortfall in payment of advance income tax) should be treated as interest and classified as interest expense under
finance costs. Any other tax penalties should be classified as other expenses.
In Prowess, these other tax penalties are classified under miscellaneous expenditure. Miscellaneous expenditure
in Prowess comprises a host of items which are not directly related to production expenses and which cannot be
appropriately classified into any other expense heads. Penalties on direct taxes is a part of this.

762 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES

Indicator : Other miscellaneous expenses
Field : oth_misc_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Any expense which is of an administrative nature and not directly related to production expense and which cannot
be specifically classified under any of the expense heads in Prowess is reported as “other miscellaneous expenses”
in Prowess.
This data field captures the total amount of other miscellaneous expenses of a company for the year. It forms a part
of the total miscellaneous expenditure of an enterprise.
If the expense, which cannot be specifically classified under any of the expense heads in Prowess, is related to a
company’s production activity, then it is reported as “other operational expenses”.

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES 763

Indicator : Other operational expenses of industrial enterprises
Field : oth_op_exp_industrial_cos
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operating expenses may be defined as those that pertain to the production process, or, more generally, the process
of carrying out the business. Such processes include all those pertaining to purchases, human resources, production
and marketing and selling. Conventionally, expenses incurred on raising or using finances are not considered as
operational expenses. There are a few more – amortisation, write-offs, prior-period expenses, etc. Often, the
distinction between operating and non-operating expenses is clear. But at times there is some ambiguity regarding
the nature of the expense.
As a result, the basic framework of data capture at CMIE avoids the classification of expense heads as operational
and non-operational. However, disclosure practices of companies often necessitates the use of the term “operational
expenses”. Expenses that can be posted without the use of such a term are posted appropriately into CMIE’s
detailed classification of expense items and, the remaining “operational expenses” are clubbed into one of the two
data-fields: “Other operational expenses of industrial enterprises” or “Other operational expenses of non-financial
services enterprises”.
This data-field includes all operating expenses of an industrial enterprise that are not already covered in any of the
other data field. These are likely to be industry-specific operational expenses. Examples of such expenses can be
preservation expenses, laboratory expenses, testing expenses, tender fee, survey costs, contract expenses etc.

764 OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF NON - FINANCIAL SERVICES ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Other operational expenses of non-financial services enterprises
Field : oth_op_exp_non_fin_serv_cos
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operating expenses may be defined as those that pertain, in the case of industrial companies, to the production
process. In the case of service sector companies, operating expenses refer to those that are directly involved in the
process of carrying out the business. Such processes include all those pertaining to purchases, human resources,
production and marketing and selling. Conventionally, expenses incurred on raising or using finances are not
considered as operational expenses. There are a few more – amortisation, write-offs, prior-period expenses, etc.
Often, the distinction between operating and non-operating expenses is clear. But at times there is some ambiguity
regarding the nature of the expense.
As a result, the basic framework of data capture at CMIE avoids the classification of expense heads as operational
and non-operational. However, disclosure practices of companies often necessitates the use of the term “operational
expenses”. Expenses that can be posted without the use of such a term are posted appropriately into CMIE’s
detailed classification of expense items and, the remaining “operational expenses” are clubbed into one of the two
data-fields: “Other operational expenses of industrial enterprises” or “Other operational expenses of non-financial
services enterprises”.
This data-field captures all possible operational expenses of non-financial services companies that have not been
captured elsewhere. These are likely to be some very industry-specific operational expenses.
For example, the food and beverages expenses of a hospitality company or the cargo handling expenses of a trans-
port company or the medical consumables expenses of a hospital or the studio charges of a film producing company
are all classified as ‘other operational expenses of non-financial services enterprise. These are not raw materials
for processing or purchases for trading. But, these are operating expenses that need a special treatment. They need
a special treatment because they are very industry specific. Only a film producing company would have studio
charges as a major expense head. Lab consumables or chemicals consumed by a company engaged in research are
reported here being specific to such an industry and not under the usual stores and spares classification.
Non-financial service enterprises include hotels & restaurants, companies engaged in tourism, recreational, health,
transport, storage and distribution, telecommunication and courier services. It also includes IT and ITES compa-
nies, companies providing business and financial consultancy and companies engaged in trading.
Other operational expenses of non-financial service enterprises is a sum of the following fields:
1. Other expenses of IT and ITES companies
2. Other expenses of hotels and restaurants
3. Other expenses of transport enterprises
4. Other expenses of travel & tourism enterprises
5. Other expenses of telecommunication enterprises
6. Other expenses of hospitals
7. Other expenses of recreational enterprises

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF NON - FINANCIAL SERVICES ENTERPRISES 765
8. Other expenses of educational enterprises

9. Other expenses of other non-financial services companies
Each of these is captured separately and individually.

766 OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF IT AND ITES COMPANIES

Indicator : Other operational expenses of IT and ITES companies
Field : oth_op_exp_ites_cos
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operating expenses (other than those explicitly included elsewhere) incurred by business process outsourcing
(BPO) enterprises, call centres and companies providing IT-enabled services (ITES), software/software develop-
ment services like core banking solutions software, smart cards, etc. are included in this data field. Examples of
expenses generally reported here are COPC (Customer Operations Performance Centre) certification, connectivity
charges, software & support charges, cost of software licenses, services rendered by business associates and others,
etc. Basically, expenses reported by IT and ITES companies as other expenses, which are peculiar to these sectors,
incidental to conduct of operations, and which can not be recorded elsewhere are captured in this data field.
For instance, a company in the ITES sector might list down travel expenses, overseas business expenses and cost of
software licenses as components of its ’other expenses’. Prowess would capture only ’overseas business expenses’
and ’cost of software’ under the data field ’other expenses of IT and ITES companies’ since these expenses are
peculiar to companies in these sectors, are incidental to the conduct of IT and ITES operations, and can not be
allocated to other fields. ’Travel Expenses’, however, would be captured under the field ’travel expenses’.
Sub-contract expenses of software development companies, IT/BPO service provider companies are captured in
this data-field.

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF HOTELS & RESTAURANTS 767

Indicator : Other operational expenses of hotels & restaurants
Field : oth_op_exp_hotel_restrnt
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures those operating expenses that are peculiar to the hospitality industry. This essentially in-
cludes food & beverage expenses and laundry charges. Food & beverage expenses are related to a hotel/restaurant’s
main business activity. Hence they are reported separately in their profit & loss statements. They are considered
distinct from raw material expenses and from items that are purchased for resale. Other expenses incidental to
hotel/restaurant operations are also included in this data field.

768 F OOD & BEVERAGES OF HOTELS & RESTAURANTS

Indicator : Food & beverages of hotels & restaurants
Field : hotel_restrnt_food_n_bvg
Data Type : Number
Description:
Food & beverage expenses of companies in the hotel and restaurant business are captured in this data field. This
expense head accounts for a hotel/restaurant’s main business activity and is therefore usually reported separately in
its profit & loss account. It is neither related to the purchase of raw materials nor is it a purchase of goods meant
for resale. It is purely an operational expense of a services company and is therefore captured in this data field.
At times, companies might provide a separate schedule ’food and beverages consumed’ for this expense head, or
might report the same as a part of the schedule for operating expenses. Stores and consumables of hotels and
restaurants are not included under this head. They are recorded under other miscellaneous expenses of hotels and
restaurants.

L AUNDRY EXPENSES OF HOTELS & RESTAURANTS 769

Indicator : Laundry expenses of hotels & restaurants
Field : hotel_restrnt_laundry
Data Type : Number
Description:
Laundry expenses pertains to laundry and dry cleaning costs incurred on customers. It includes expenses incurred
on the cleaning of linen, uniform washing and other laundry expenses. Hotels earn revenue from a few sources
other than room occupancy. Laundry charges is one of them. Hence, laundry expenses is considered as an operating
expense, since it is incurred in the course of providing a revenue-earning service.
This data field captures laundry expenses of hotel/restaurant businesses.

770 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES OF HOTELS & RESTAURANTS

Indicator : Other miscellaneous expenses of hotels & restaurants
Field : hotel_restrnt_oth_misc_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operational expenses peculiar to the business of hotels and restaurants, apart those classified as "food & beverage
expenses" or "laundry expenses" are included in this data field. These would generally be reported as "business
operating expenses", "hall decoration expenses", "music, banquet & restaurant expenses", "guest transportation",
"travel agents’ commission", "collecting agents commission", "stores and supplies", "horticulture and beautification
expenses", "linen & room supplies", "catering and other supplies", "payment to orchestra staff, artistes and other",
etc.

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES 771

Indicator : Other operational expenses of transport enterprises
Field : oth_op_exp_transport_cos
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operating expenses that are peculiar to the transport services industry and which can not be allocated elsewhere are
captured in this data field. This essentially includes expense heads like food & beverage expenses, cargo handling
and wharfage expenses, docking charges, etc.
All expenses incurred by a service-sector company that are directly attributable to the providing of revenue-earning
services constitute operating expenses. Food & beverage expenses of an airline are not raw material expenses.
Neither is it an item of purchase meant for resale. Since they are directly related to the main business activity of
transport enterprises, they are recorded separately on their profit & loss statements. Operating expenses of courier
services or airport services are also reported here.
In other words, this is a derived data field that comprises food & beverage expenses, cargo handling charges,
wharfage, docking charges and other miscellaneous operational expenses of transport companies.
Shipping companies generally disclose their operating expenses with unique nomenclature. These are appropriately
classified by CMIE. For instance, expenses like stevedoring and despatch & cargo are classified as cargo handling
expenses. Port, light & canal dues, standing costs and docking expenses are reported as wharfage & docking
charges. Hire of chartered ships are recorded as hiring charges. Direct voyage expenses, survey expenses, dispatch
money, agency fees and crew expenses are posted as other expenses.
However, dry docking expenses are reported as repairs & maintenance, and bunker cost/consumed is reported under
power & fuel expenses. Ship/vessel management fees are recorded as consultancy fees. Brokerage and commission
is reported as marketing expenses. These are not reported under other operational expenses of transport enterprises.

772 F OOD & BEVERAGES EXPENSES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Food & beverages expenses of transport enterprises
Field : transport_cos_food_n_bvg
Data Type : Number
Description:
Transport enterprises do not earn revenues only from transportation. They earn revenues from other services as
well. Food & beverage happens to be one example of such revenue earned by certain transport enterprises, like
airlines. Transport enterprises incur expenses on the purchase of such food & beverages. Such a purchase is
neither in the nature of raw material expenses, nor is it a purchase meant for the purpose of resale. It is an expense
incidental to the providing of a revenue-earning service.
Food & beverage expenses of transport service providers such as airlines, shipping companies, railways and bus
services are captured in this data field. It does not include stores and consumables. For an airline or a shipping
company, this expense is related to the main activity and is usually reported separately in the profit & loss account.

C ARGO HANDLING CHARGES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES 773

Indicator : Cargo handling charges of transport enterprises
Field : transport_cos_cargo_handling
Data Type : Number
Description:
Transport service companies incur expenses on cargo handling during the course of movement of cargo from
one place to another. These expenses are incidental to the providing of revenue-earning transportation services.
Hence, they are recorded as operating expenses. Some of the expenses reported by these companies are stevedoring
charges, dunnage expenses, cargo expenses, handling charges, loading and unloading charges, pick up and delivery
charges, clearing and warehousing charges and network fees (paid by courier companies to other courier companies
having network in a particular area). All these expenses and others in the same nature are captured in this data field.
This data field does not include cargo handling expenses of companies whose main business activity is not transport
services. In such cases, these expenses are recorded as distribution expenses.

774 W HARFAGE , DOCKING CHARGES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Wharfage, docking charges of transport enterprises
Field : transport_cos_warfage_docking
Data Type : Number
Description:
The expenses reported under this data field pertain to shipping and air transport companies. These expenses are
generally reported as wharfage charges, demurrage and dock charges, port charges or terminal handling charges in
case of shipping companies. Aviation companies generally report expenses of similar nature using the nomenclature
landing and navigation charges and airport charges.
Wharfage refers to the accommodation provided to a ship along the quayside area to which the ship is anchored, for
the purpose of loading and unloading of goods. The ship-owning company has to pay the port authorities for the
facility availed. Thus, wharfage charges would refer to the charges paid by the company for mooring the ship along
the port. Wharfage charges are also known as docking charges and companies use both the terms interchangeably.
Docking is like parking charges at the dock and dry docking is taking the ship into a pit for repairs. Dry docking
involves the taking-in of vessels on rails like a train or on a trolley with wheels, with the purpose of carrying out
repairs. Hence, CMIE classifies docking charges as a part of this data field, while dry docking is captured under
repairs.

H IRING CHARGES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES 775

Indicator : Hiring charges of transport enterprises
Field : transport_cos_hiring_charges
Data Type : Number
Description:
Transport enterprises earn their revenues largely through the provision of transportation services. They may or may
not own the modes of transportation used in providing such a service. Very often, companies use vehicles/modes
of transportation that they do not own, but have taken on lease and only ply. All expenses incurred by a transport
enterprise that are incidental to the provision of transportation services are operational expenses of a transport
enterprise.
This data field captures the hiring charges or lease charges paid by transport companies for hiring various modes
of transportation like ships, vessels, vehicles, etc.

776 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Other miscellaneous expenses of transport enterprises
Field : transport_cos_oth_misc_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
The operational expenses of companies involved in transportation services that do not fall under any other specific
data field are captured in this data field. Direct voyage expenses, survey expenses, despatch money, agency fees,
crew expenses, credit card expenses etc. are examples of some of the expense heads included in this data field.
Sometimes, companies do not distinguish among the different operational expenses and merely club all operational
expenses together. Operational expenses of such nature are also captured in this data field.

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM ENTERPRISE 777

Indicator : Other operational expenses of travel and tourism enterprise
Field : oth_op_exp_travel_tour_cos
Data Type : Number
Description:
The operational expenses peculiar to companies operating in the travel and tourism sectors, and which can not be
allocated to any other expense head are reported in this data field.
For instance, in ordinary circumstances, a company’s internet usage charges would be recorded under the head
"expenses on isps for internet services" under the broader head "communications expenses". However, if internet
usage charges have been incurred by a travel & tourism company for the running of its ticket booking system, it
is recorded under the head "Other expenses of travel and tourism enterprises", since it is an important part and is
incidental to the conduct of its main business operations.

778 OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Other operational expenses of telecommunication enterprises
Field : oth_op_exp_telecom_cos
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operating expenses that are peculiar to companies in the telecommunication services sector and which are not
captured elsewhere are recorded in this data field. This includes expenses like commission paid on franchised ser-
vices, commission paid to pre-paid services, public switched telephone network (PSTN) charges, Wireless Planning
and Coordination (WPC) charges/spectrum charges, revenue-sharing with the Department of Telecommunications
(DOT), interconnection & other access costs, leased line charges, gateway charges, network access & band width
charges, SIM card utilisation expenses, SIM cards issued, cost of SIM cards etc. reported by telecommunication
companies.
WPC charges are paid to the wireless planning and coordination department for using spectrum. PSTN charges are
paid to telecom companies for using their network.
Although purchase of handsets is included under purchase cost, cost of SIM cards is recorded as an operational
expense for telecommunication companies. However, where companies deduct ’simcard utilisation’ charges from
the purchase cost of SIM cards and report it as a selling & marketing expense, CMIE does accordingly.

N ETWORK COST OF TELECOM ENTERPRISES 779

Indicator : Network cost of telecom enterprises
Field : telecom_cos_network_cost
Data Type : Number
Description:
All expenses relating to the network establishment of telecom companies are captured as ’network costs of tele-
com enterprises’. The common nomenclatures included under this head are leased line & gateway charges, lease
line & connectivity charges, passive infrastructure charges, installation charges, PSTN charges, transmission cost,
transponder charges, signalling charges, internet access & bandwidth charges, network repairs & maintenance,
other network operating expenses, etc.

780 R EGULATORY CHARGES OF TELECOM ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Regulatory charges of telecom enterprises
Field : telecom_cos_regulatory_charges
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures all the regulatory charges reported by companies in the telecommunication sector, under
operating expenditure. This includes expense heads like licence fees, Wireless Planning & Co-ordination (WPC)
and spectrum charges, revenue sharing with department of telecommunication, etc.

ACCESS CHARGES OF TELECOM ENTERPRISES 781

Indicator : Access charges of telecom enterprises
Field : telecom_cos_access_charges
Data Type : Number
Description:
Access charges are payments made by telecom companies to local exchange network and local service providers
for facilitating calls on that network.
This data field captures access charges and other expenses of similar nature like interconnection usage charges
(IUC) and port charges and roaming charges.

782 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES OF TELECOM ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Other miscellaneous expenses of telecom enterprises
Field : telecom_cos_oth_misc_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operational expenses specific to telecom companies which cannot be classified as network costs, regulatory charges
and access charges are captured under the head ’other miscellaneous expenses of telecom companies’.
Some common examples of expenses captured as ’other miscellaneous expense of telecom enterprises’ are expen-
diture on services, expenses on billing & software, collection and recovery expenses, cost of service contents and
applications, cost of sim and other cards etc., commission paid on franchised services and commission paid to
pre-paid services.

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF HOSPITALS , ETC 783

Indicator : Other operational expenses of hospitals, etc
Field : oth_op_exp_hospitals
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operating expenses that are peculiar to companies in the health services industry such as hospitals and their allied
services like pathological laboratories, blood banks etc., and which can not be allocated to any other expense
head are captured here. This essentially includes expenses on doctors/consultants fees and expenses on medical
consumables. Doctor/consultant fees do not form part of wages since these are paid to external professionals.
Expenses on medical consumables are not raw materials or traded goods. Since both these expenses constitute a
major part in the conduct of operations of a health service provider, they are recorded as operating expenses. These
and similar other expenses are captured under this head.
This is a derived data field that comprises ’doctor/consultant fees’, ’medical consumables’ and ’other expenses of
hospitals’. Each of these are captured separately.
Medical expenses of entities other than those that are essentially engaged in the health service business are not
included here.

784 D OCTOR ’ S AND CONSULTANT ’ S FEES

Indicator : Doctor’s and consultant’s fees
Field : hospitals_doctor_consult_fee
Data Type : Number
Description:
Fees paid by hospitals/healthcare centres to external doctors/physicians are captured in this data field. It does not
include salaries paid to doctors and surgeons employed by hospitals/healthcare centres.
Hospitals, which do not avail of the honorary services of consultants will not report consultants’ fees. Some
hospitals club all such expenses under ’hospital and other maintenance expenses’. If bifurcation is provided in the
notes to accounts then consultants’ fees are disclosed in the data field, ’Doctor’s/consultant’s fees’ otherwise all the
expenses are reported in the data field for ’other expenses of hospitals’.

M EDICAL CONSUMABLES 785

Indicator : Medical consumables
Field : hospitals_medical_consumables
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the cost of medical consumables or medical supplies utilised by hospitals/healthcare service
providers. Medical consumables are not raw materials and it would therefore be inappropriate to classify them as
purchase of finished goods as that would imply trading. Apart from surgeries, diagnostics and other treatments,
the providing of healthcare services also necessarily involves the availability of/access to medical supplies. It is an
integral part of its operations. Therefore, it is classified as an operating expense for hospitals.
Generally, healthcare service providers report medical supplies consumed during the year in the schedule for oper-
ating expenses/notes to accounts. At times, companies may report these directly in the profit & loss statement.

786 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES OF HOSPITALS

Indicator : Other miscellaneous expenses of hospitals
Field : hospitals_oth_misc_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
All operational expenses of health service providers that cannot be allocated to any other expense data field are
clubbed together under this data field. Housekeeping expenses, for example, are captured here.
There might be instances wherein companies do not distinguish or provide a break-up of its operational expenses,
choosing instead to club all operational expenses together. In such cases, the operational expenses so reported are
captured in this data field.

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF RECREATIONAL ENTERPRISES 787

Indicator : Other operational expenses of recreational enterprises
Field : oth_op_exp_recreation_cos
Data Type : Number
Description:
Recreational companies are engaged in providing entertainment through television, films, theatres, amusement
parks, sports, etc. Operating expenses that are peculiar to the recreation and entertainment industry and which
cannot be allocated elsewhere are captured in this data field. This includes expenses which form an integral part of
the industry and arise in the course of providing recreational services, such as studio charges, programme rights,
telecasting expenses, etc. Recreational expenses of entities that are not engaged in the entertainment services
business are not included in this field.
This is a derived data field that comprises ’shooting, studio and recording charges’, ’films/programme rights’,
’telecasting expenses’ and ’miscellaneous expenses of recreation companies’.

788 S HOOTING , STUDIO , RECORDING CHARGES

Indicator : Shooting, studio, recording charges
Field : recreation_cos_shoot_record_charges
Data Type : Number
Description:
Shooting, studio, recording expenses incurred by entertainment companies in the course of making films, documen-
taries, advertisements, television programmes, etc. are captured in this data field. Charges paid to studio owners,
camera and other equipment hiring expenses during outdoor shooting and expenses towards sound recording are
also captured here. Companies report their studio, shooting & recording equipment charges and related shooting
expenses under the schedule of production expenses/notes to accounts.

F ILMS , PROGRAMS RIGHTS 789

Indicator : Films, programs rights
Field : recreation_cos_films_prog_rights
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures fees paid and other costs incurred by film distribution companies in order to purchase the
rights of distribution or telecast of films and television programmes.
Film and programming rights are the authority vested with the producer of the film or programme to telecast it
and make it available for public viewing. Film distributors and TV channels purchase it from the producers and
thereafter the film/programme is sold to theatre owners and/or telecast on TV channels.

790 T ELECASTING EXPENSES

Indicator : Telecasting expenses
Field : recreation_cos_telecasting
Data Type : Number
Description:
Telecasting expenses are the costs incurred by companies in the course of telecasting the films/programmes that
they have produced or the film/programmes for which they have obtained telecasting rights. Expenses such as
telecasting fees, uplinking charges, dispatch charges, etc. are captured in this data field. This expenditure could
also be in the nature of airtime purchased from the broadcaster.

OTHER MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES OF RECREATIONAL ENTERPRISES 791

Indicator : Other miscellaneous expenses of recreational enterprises
Field : recreation_cos_oth_misc_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operating expenses specific to recreational service enterprises, which cannot be allocated to any specific head are
clubbed together under this data field. This would include all miscellaneous expenses incurred during the course
of running its recreational service operations, apart from expenses incurred on shooting & studio recording, films
& programming rights and telecasting. Expenses on dress purchases, payment to artistes, directors, expenses on
food & beverages consumed, expenses incurred on events at amusement parks, etc are some examples of expenses
It also includes other production expenses or programme production expenses for those media companies which
do not provide the detailed break-up of their production expenses, but instead club them under a composite head
like programme production expenses. Again, where the break-up of production expenses, i.e. the amounts paid
for studio/equipment hire charges, costume charges, payment to artistes, etc. is not provided separately but has
been recorded simply as production expenses, then this is reported in the field ’other expenses of recreational
enterprises.’ The principle of the first word in the nomenclature of the company is not used here.

792 OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF EDUCATIONAL ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Other operational expenses of educational enterprises
Field : oth_op_exp_edu_cos
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operating expenses that are peculiar to education services and which cannot be included elsewhere are captured in
this data field. This includes course-ware & manuals, course execution charges, etc. However, payments made by
franchisees are not included here. These are in the nature of royalty payments and are therefore reported under the
data field royalty.

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXPENSES OF OTHER NON - FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPANIES 793

Indicator : Other operational expenses of other non-financial services companies
Field : oth_op_exp_oth_non_fin_serv_cos
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operational expenses of companies providing non-financial services other than that of computer software, ITES,
hotels & restaurants, tourism, recreational services, health services, transport & courier services, telecommunica-
tion services, educational services, are reported here. Thus, operational expenses of companies engaged in storage
and distribution, advertising and consultancy services are all posted in this data-field.

794 F INANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES

Indicator : Financial services expenses
Field : fin_serv_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Financial services expenses includes two broad categories and a residual category:
1. Fee based financial services expenses: Fee-based financial service expenses include expenses incurred on bill
discounting, guarantees and other charges such as loan syndication fees, etc. Of the various fee-based financial
services, CMIE captures bill discounting charges, bank charges/commissions, guarantee fees separately. The
rest are captured in ’others’ category.
2. Fund based financial services expenses: These are, essentially, interest costs incurred over borrowings or
deposits. It also includes financial charges (such as premiums or discounts) paid on debt instruments raised,
the fees paid to intermediaries to raise funds and losses incurred by the company in the event of a securities
transaction or a revaluation of investments.
3. Other financial services expenses: In some cases companies do not disclose nature of financial services ex-
penses incurred. Such expenses are captured in this indicator.

F EE BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES 795

Indicator : Fee based financial services expenses
Field : fee_based_fin_serv_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Fee-based financial service expenses include expenses incurred on bill discounting, guarantees and other charges
such as loan syndication fees, etc. Bill discounting is essentially a means of liquidating bills raised on clients
before the date of maturity. It raises resources for the company without effecting a rise in borrowings. A guarantee
is a financial obligation but does not involve the raising of funds. These are therefore financial services, but are
not fund-based services. They are fee-based services. Other financial services such as bank commissions, loan
syndication fees, etc. also fall within the ambit of financial service expenses that are not fund-based services.
Expenses for all such financial services are covered under this data field - fee-based financial services expenses.
Of the various fee-based financial services, CMIE captures bill discounting charges, bank charges/commissions,
guarantee fees separately. The rest are captured in an ’others’ category.

796 BANK CHARGES AND COMMISSION

Indicator : Bank charges and commission
Field : bank_charges_commission
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the charges levied by banks on companies for services/facilities provided. They include ex-
penses such as cheque dishonour charges, minimum balance charges, yearly service charges, letter of credit charges,
travellers cheque charges, ATM charge, debit card/credit card charges, demand draft charges, and commission &
brokerage on other services provided by banks.
Companies may report such expenses as a part of financial charges or manufacturing expenses or sometimes even
under sales & administration expenses. However, CMIE consistently reports expenses of such nature in this data
field.

G UARANTEE FEES AND COMMISSION 797

Indicator : Guarantee fees and commission
Field : guarantee_fees
Data Type : Number
Description:
Usually, guarantees are issued by banks on behalf of their clients to third parties (such as government agencies
or other entities) when they enter into a business contract with such third parties. By providing such guarantee,
banks assure the third party that in the event of their clients failing to meet the obligations stated in the contract, the
bank would pay an agreed guarantee amount on behalf of the client. In turn, the bank charges their clients a bank
guarantee fee. A guarantor could be any entity – not necessarily a bank. The company pays a fee to the guarantor
for having obtained a guarantee. Such guarantee fees are captured in this data field. Commitment charges reported
by companies are also included here.

798 OTHER FEE BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES

Indicator : Other fee based financial services expenses
Field : oth_fee_based_serv_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures all expenses incurred by the company on fee-based financial services that are not explicitly
stated elsewhere. Specifically, it would not include bank charges and guarantee fees as these expense heads are
captured elsewhere.
Some of the fee-based service expenses included in this data field are demat charges, listing fees, depository
fees, SEBI charges, brokerage/sub brokerage, underwriting fees/commission, loan syndication fees, debt placement
fees, registrar’s fees, share transfer agent fee, factoring charges, finance charges, transaction charges, balance
maintenance charges, other financial expenses, loss on repossessed stock/assets etc. These expenses are generally
reported by broking/finance companies under their operating/direct costs. However membership fees, stamp duties,
commission charges paid by finance companies are not reported under this data field. They are reported under
specific fields provided for them.

F UND BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES 799

Indicator : Fund based financial services expenses
Field : fund_based_fin_serv_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Fund based financial services relate to monetary funds provided to companies from external entities. These funds
can be in the form of loans or deposits and are provided for varying periods and purposes. Banks, financial
institutions, directors and managers of the company, other business entities and creditors of the business provide
funds to the companies.
All expenses that are essentially in the nature of the cost of funds and the cost of raising funds for the company are
included under this broad head.
It includes expenses like interest expense, premium / discount on debt instruments, other borrowing costs, bill
discounting charges, treasury operations expenses, among others.

800 I NTEREST EXPENSE

Indicator : Interest expense
Field : interest_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Interest can be defined in simple terms as the charge paid to the owner of funds for the use thereof. It is the reward
paid to the owner of capital.
This data field captures a company’s interest payments on all kinds of borrowings. It includes interest paid on
both, short term as well as long term borrowings, on trade payables, debentures and deposits and interest paid to
directors, interest paid on taxes, etc. In the case of banks, it also includes interest paid on inter-bank borrowings.
Certain companies report net interest payments, i.e. interest payments net of interest earnings. As far as possible,
CMIE reports gross interest payments in this data field, making a separate entry for interest earnings on the income
side. Thus, if a company does provide both, gross and net interest payments or both interest payments and receipts,
CMIE captures the gross payments and earnings separately. If, however, such a gross figure is not available, then
there is no other option but to record the net figure.
This data field is derived as the sum of "interest on long term borrowings", "interest on short term borrowings",
"interest on trade payables" and "interest on other loans (term not specified)".
Under Ind AS, interest expense on financial liabilities that are measured at ‘Amortised Cost’ are recognised using
the effective interest rate (EIR) method.

I NTEREST ON LONG TERM BORROWINGS 801

Indicator : Interest on long term borrowings
Field : int_exp_lt_funds
Data Type : Number
Description:
Long term borrowings are those that are taken for a period exceeding 12 months. This data field captures infor-
mation pertaining to interest paid by a company on long term loans raised by it. It includes all interest payments
made on fixed loans, term loans from banks or development financial institutions, foreign currency loans, vehicle
finance, debentures, deposits accepted from the public, etc. It also includes interest paid by banks on long term
deposits that it receives from depositors.
This data field excludes interest paid on borrowings to fund working capital requirements and interest on inter-
bank loans and loans from the RBI, since these are short term requirements of funds and are captured separately
elsewhere.
Usually, companies report net interest payments, i.e. interest payments net of interest earnings. However, as far as
possible, CMIE reports gross interest payments. It makes a separate entry for interest earnings on the income side.
Thus, if a company does provide gross and net interest payments or both interest payments and receipts, CMIE
captures the gross payments and earnings separately.
Sometimes, companies merely report interest on loans, without specifying whether such a loan is short term or long
term in nature. In such cases, the notes to accounts are examined for further information. Companies may provide
a break-up of the interest cost therein. The schedule for borrowings is also examined for clues to find out whether
the interest element relates to long term funds or short term funds. In case the company has only long term loans
on its books, it is assumed that the interest amount relates to long term funds and vice-versa.
As per Accounting Standard 16 (AS-16) on "borrowing cost", interest expenses should be capitalised if the long
term loan funds have been taken for the purpose of acquisition, construction or capacity expansion of an asset. Ac-
cordingly, interest arising during the period until the asset is put to use should be capitalised. Generally, companies
report interest capitalised in the schedule for finance/interest cost or by way of a note.
Where a company informs, by way of a note, that interest has been capitalised, such capitalised amount is added
under long term interest, and then reduced from total expenses, by posting the amount in the "interest capitalised"
data field.
Where the company itself reports the gross interest figure, and reduces the amount of interest capitalised therefrom
under the interest schedule, CMIE posts the gross interest amount as reported, and posts the amount of capitalised
interest in the "interest capitalised" data field.

802 I NTEREST ON DEPOSITS ( BANKS , FIS & NBFCS )

Indicator : Interest on deposits (banks, fis & nbfcs)
Field : int_exp_deposits
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is applicable to banks, financial institutions and non banking finance companies (NBFCs). It features
under "interest on long term borrowings". It captures the interest paid on deposits accepted by these entities that
may be in the form of time deposits, savings deposits, recurring deposits, current deposits, demand deposits or
other kinds of interest-bearing deposits.
Interest paid by banks on inter-bank and RBI loans does not form part of this data field. These are captured
separately, in the field "Interest on inter-bank and RBI loan" under "Interest on short term borrowings".
Disclosure requirements under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 mandates the classification of interest expenses
into interest on deposits, interest on borrowings from RBI/inter-bank borrowings and interest on others. This data
field captures the first category, i.e. interest on deposits.

I NTEREST PAYABLE TO DIRECTORS 803

Indicator : Interest payable to directors
Field : int_exp_directors
Data Type : Number
Description:
Part II of Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, requires companies to make a disclosure of the quantum of
loans taken from its directors and managers, and interest payable thereon. This data field captures the value of
interest payable to directors, managing directors or managers of the company, arising from loans taken from them.
Accounting Standard 18 (AS-18) on "Related Party Disclosures" issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India (ICAI) also requires companies to report payments made to directors or managers by way of interest on
loans. This disclosure, among others as prescribed the the Standard, seeks to draw the attention to the possibility of
a company’s financial position or profit/loss being influenced by transactions with related parties, and commitments
thereto.

804 I NTEREST ON DEBENTURES

Indicator : Interest on debentures
Field : int_exp_debenture
Data Type : Number
Description:
Debentures and bonds are debt instruments issued by the company to raise resources from potential investors.
There is infinite variety in the characteristics of debentures and bonds. One variant is a convertible debentures and
bonds. These, at some predetermined time, get converted, either fully or partly into ordinary shares of the company
that issues such securities.
Fully convertible debentures/bonds are those where the entire amount paid for the debentures/ bonds will be con-
verted into equity shares of the issuing company after a specified period of time.
Interest paid is the reward to the debenture holders for investing in debentures of the company. Interest is paid peri-
odically at a pre determined fixed rate on the face value of debentures and is treated as charge against profits.Such
charge against is captured in this data field.
Under Ind AS, interest expense on financial liabilities that are measured at ‘Amortised Cost’ are recognised using
the effective interest rate (EIR) method.

I NTEREST ON SHORT TERM BORROWINGS 805

Indicator : Interest on short term borrowings
Field : int_exp_st_fund
Data Type : Number
Description:
Short term funds are those borrowings which are taken by a company with the agreement of repaying them within a
period of 12 months. They are taken for funding a company’s day-to-day working capital requirements. The funds
are utilised for payments to suppliers of raw materials, salary and wage payment to staff and employees, payments
to creditors for manufacturing, administrative and selling expenses and other working capital expenses.
This data field captures a company’s interest payable on its short term borrowings. It includes interest on funds
taken for meeting working capital requirements (cash credit, packing credit, working capital demand loans, etc),
overdrafts and all other debts that are short term in nature. This data field also covers interest payable by banks on
inter-bank and RBI borrowings.
Generally, companies report interest on short term loans as a part of their schedule for interest expenses or financial
charges. Sometimes, companies merely report interest on loans, without specifying whether the same is on short
term loans or long term loans. In such cases, CMIE examines the notes to accounts for further information. The
schedule for borrowings is also examined. In case the company has only short term funds, it is assumed that the
interest amount relates to short term funds, and the same is captured in this data field.

806 I NTEREST ON INTER - BANK AND RBI LOAN ( BANKS & F IS )

Indicator : Interest on inter-bank and rbi loan (banks & Fis)
Field : int_exp_inter_bank_rbi_loans
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is relevant to banks and financial institutions only. It captures the interest that banks pay on the loans
taken from the RBI or other banks, mainly to maintain liquidity or the cash reserve ratio. Since these loans are
availed of to meet short term requirements, interest thereon is grouped under "interest on short term borrowings".
Banks are required to maintain a certain level of liquid assets, largely cash, in order to manage the possibility of
sudden mass cash withdrawals by clients. The Reserve Bank of India stipulates the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
from time to time for Indian banks for this purpose. If a bank finds itself in a position where it can not meet this
CRR, it borrows money from other banks or from the RBI to cover any shortfall. Such loans are usually taken for
maturities of less than a week, in most cases overnight. Banks borrow from other banks at the ’call market rate’
and from the RBI at the ’repo rate’. Interest on such borrowings is captured in this field.
Although the CRR does not apply to non-banking finance companies (NBFCs), they are required to maintain 15
per cent of their public deposit liabilities in government and other approved securities as Statutory Liquidity Ratio
(SLR). In such cases, they might need to borrow from other financial institutions to meet shortfalls. Interest on
such borrowings are also captured in this field.

I NTEREST ON BANK OVERDRAFTS 807

Indicator : Interest on bank overdrafts
Field : int_exp_bank_od
Data Type : Number
Description:
Interest on short term borrowings includes interest paid on funds taken for meeting working capital requirements
(cash credit, packing credit, working capital demand loans, etc), overdrafts and all other debts that are short term
in nature.
Short term borrowings are those borrowings which are to be paid back in less than a year. They are taken for funding
an entity’s day-to-day working capital requirements. The funds generated are utilised for payments to the suppli-
ers of raw materials, salary and wage payment to staff and employees, payments to creditors for manufacturing,
administrative and selling expenses and other working capital expenses.
This data field captures interest expense on bank overdrafts.

808 I NTEREST ON TRADE PAYABLES

Indicator : Interest on trade payables
Field : int_exp_trade_payables
Data Type : Number
Description:
A simple definition of trade payables would be ’payables arising during the course of trade or while conducting
business operations’. An amount payable can be classified as a trade payable if it is in respect of an amount
due on account of goods purchased or services received in the ordinary course of business. They represent good
purchased/services availed of on credit terms and are reflected as current liabilities in an entity’s books until such
amounts due have been paid.
Certain credit transactions might have terms wherein if an amount due is not paid within a certain timeframe, it
attracts interest. This data field captures the value of interest expenses arising on trade payables.

I NTEREST ON LONG TERM TRADE PAYABLES 809

Indicator : Interest on long term trade payables
Field : int_exp_lt_trade_payables
Data Type : Number
Description:
A simple definition of trade payables is ’payables arising during the course of trade or while conducting business
operations’. An amount payable can be classified as a trade payable if it is in respect of an amount due on account
of goods purchased or services received in the ordinary course of business. They represent good purchased/services
availed of on credit terms and are reflected as current liabilities in an entity’s books until such amounts due have
been paid. Trade payables which are not expected to be paid within 12 months can be classified as ’long term trade
payables’.
attracts interest. This data field captures the value of interest expenses arising on long term trade payables.

810 I NTEREST ON SHORT TERM TRADE PAYABLES

Indicator : Interest on short term trade payables
Field : int_exp_st_trade_payables
Data Type : Number
Description:
Trade payables can be defined as ’payables arising during the course of trade or while conducting business oper-
ations’. An amount payable can be classified as a trade payable if it is in respect of an amount due on account of
goods purchased or services received in the ordinary course of business. They represent good purchased/services
availed of on credit terms and are reflected as current liabilities in an entity’s books until such amounts due have
been paid. Trade payables which are expected to be paid within 12 months can be classified as ’short term trade
payables’.
attracts interest. This data field captures the value of interest expenses arising on short term trade payables.

I NTEREST ON OTHER LOANS ( TERM NOT SPECIFIED ) 811

Indicator : Interest on other loans (term not specified)
Field : int_exp_oth_loans
Data Type : Number
Description:
Sometimes, companies are not explicit regarding the nature of borrowings in their books on which interest is being
paid, in terms of whether these loans are long term or short term in nature. In such cases, the schedules to the
accounts and the notes to the accounts are examined to assess the nature of the borrowings, in order to allocate
the interest expenditures appropriately. However, often, even the Annual Report yields no information on the term
of the borrowings. In such a case, there is no alternative but to record the interest expenditure without regard to
the term of the underlying borrowing. In such cases, where the term of the borrowing for which interest is paid is
unclear, the interest expenditure is captured in this data field.
Companies generally report such interest expenses as ’other interest costs’ or ’interest on other loans’ in the inter-
est/financial expense schedule. ’Interest on taxes’ reported by companies is also captured here, unless the company
specifies that the same relates to previous years.
CMIE also includes expenses by companies in the form of penal interests or delayed payment charges under
’interest on other loans’. Penal interests are charged from customers for non payment of amounts payable on the
due date.

812 I NTEREST ON DELAYED / DEFERRED INCOME TAX PAYMENT

Indicator : Interest on delayed/deferred income tax payment
Field : int_exp_delayed_def_inctax_payment
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is a non-calculated addendum information field. It is a child field of ’Interest on other loans’. It
captures the value of that portion of ’interest on other loans’ that can be attributed to interest paid on delayed or
deferred income tax dues.
Section 234 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, mandates the levy of penal interest at the rate of one per cent in the case
of delayed payment of interest or shortfall in interest payments by the due date. Interest for defaults in payment
of taxes is charged from tax payers under three sections, namely section 234A (delay in filing tax return), section
234B (shortfall in payment of advance taxes during the tax year) and section 234C (shortfall in installments of
advance tax).

I NTEREST ON FINANCE LEASE 813

Indicator : Interest on finance lease
Field : int_exp_finance_lease
Data Type : Number
Description:
This field captures interest paid by companies on finance leases.
According to Ind AS 17 Leases Finance lease is a lease where the lessor transfers substantially all the risks and
rewards incidental to the ownership of the leased asset to the lessee.

814 U NWINDING OF DISCOUNTS

Indicator : Unwinding of discounts
Field : discounts_unwinded
Data Type : Number
Description:
According to Ind AS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, provisions are measured at the
best estimate of expenditure that is required to settle the present obligation. If the time vaue of money is material,
the standard also requires that such estimate be discounted to its present value.
Such discount is unwinded on passage of time and is included in the finance cost of the entity. The corrosponding
effect goes on to increase the amount of provision to bring it the amount of cash flows.
The amount of discount unwinded by the entities in the reporting period gets captured in this data field.

L ESS : I NTEREST CAPITALISED 815

Indicator : Less: Interest capitalised
Field : int_capitalised
Data Type : Number
Description:
Companies normally borrow funds for financing their capital expenditure projects. As per Accounting Standard
16 (AS-16) on Borrowing Costs issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), interest costs
directly attributable to the completion of a project, or to the acquisition, construction or production of a capital
asset should be added to the cost of the project - i.e. these costs should be capitalised. This data field captures
the value of such interest costs which have been capitalised and clubbed with the cost of assets instead of being
recorded as an expense in the profit & loss account.
The data field only pertains to the amount of interest expenses capitalised during a year. It does not include any
other financing cost capitalised i.e. if any other finance charges incurred by the company are also capitalised, CMIE
does not capture them as interest capitalised. All such finance charges incurred which have been capitalised, apart
from interest, are included in the data field "other capitalisation".
If a company reports interest payments net of the capitalised portion, then CMIE reports the interest expenses
gross of capitalisation in the interest on long term funds and on short term funds data field, and reports the interest
expenses capitalised amount in this data field, which is shown as a ’less’ item to arrive at a net figure.

816 L ESS : I NTEREST TRANSFERRED TO DRE

Indicator : Less: Interest transferred to DRE
Field : int_trf_to_dre
Data Type : Number
Description:
When the benefits of a certain revenue expenditure incurred by a company during a year are expected to accrue not
only in the year in which these expenses have been incurred, but also in the subsequent years, then these expenses
are not charged to the profit and loss account in the year in which they are incurred all at once. Instead, the
amount is transferred to the balance sheet as a deferred revenue expenditure (DRE). Such expenditures, which are
conventionally revenue in nature, are thus treated like capital expenditures.
This data field captures the value of interest expenses of a company which has been transferred to deferred revenue
expenditures (DRE) during a year. Such a value is carried in the balance sheet as a liability, and is amortised across
a series of years in which benefits thereof are expected to arise.

P REMIUM / DISCOUNT ON DEBT INSTRUMENTS 817

Indicator : Premium/discount on debt instruments
Field : fin_charges_instru
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures all kinds of financial expenses that are incurred by a company on raising funds through and
retiring a host of debt securities. The types of expenses reported under this data-field include, premium paid on
redemption of debentures, premium on pre-payment of debt, discounts on commercial papers, etc.

818 P REMIUM ON REDEMPTION OF DEBENTURES

Indicator : Premium on redemption of debentures
Field : premium_paid_deb_redemp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Any premium paid by the company upon redemption of debentures / FCCB is reported in this data field. Premium
is the amount paid over and above the face value of the debentures.

D EBT PRE - PAYMENT CHARGES 819

Indicator : Debt pre-payment charges
Field : premium_paid_pre_pay_debt
Data Type : Number
Description:
Premium on pre-payment of debt is the amount paid over and above the scheduled interest and principal amount
payable when debt is repaid before maturity. This was the practice in the past and could well be still prevalent in
some cases. Lenders justified punishing the early redeemers with a pre-payment charge, as it affected their fund
flow. Such charges, also called as premium, are reported in this data field.

820 D ISCOUNT ON COMMERCIAL PAPER

Indicator : Discount on commercial paper
Field : discount_commercial_paper
Data Type : Number
Description:
Discount on commercial paper arises when a company issues commercial papers at an amount which is less than its
face value. The discount amount is written off in the year in which the commercial paper is issued. This data field
includes only the discount on commercial papers and not expenses incurred for the issue of commercial papers.

OTHER BORROWING COSTS 821

Indicator : Other borrowing costs
Field : oth_fin_charges_debt_instru
Data Type : Number
Description:
Other borrowing costs include all the expenses that companies incur in relation to the servicing of debt instru-
ments except the charges that are explicitly captured separately like interest expenses, premium / discount on debt
instruments.

822 B ILL DISCOUNTING CHARGES

Indicator : Bill discounting charges
Field : bill_discounting_charge
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the bill discounting charges paid by the companies to banks or other finance companies when
they discount their bills receivables.
Companies draw a bill of exchange on other companies in the normal course of business. However, if the company
in whose name the bill is drawn is in need of immediate funds, it normally discounts the bills with a bank or with
other finance companies. For providing such a facility, the discounting company charges some commission, which
is known as bill discounting charges or bill discounting commission.
Companies are not consistent in their treatment of this expense. Some companies report these expense along with
interest charges, others treat these as manufacturing expense. CMIE reports these expense as a part of fund-based
financial charges incurred by companies.

OTHER FUND BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES 823

Indicator : Other fund based financial services expenses
Field : oth_fund_based_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the sum of fund-based financial services expenses incurred by the company other than
interest payments, premium/discount and other financial charges on issue of debt instruments and bill discounting
charges. It can be classified into ’share of losses incurred in partnership firms/subsidiaries/joint ventures/other
companies’, ’lease equalisation adjustment charges’ and ’losses on securitisation of loans and assets’.

824 S HARE OF LOSS IN PARTNERSHIP AND JV FIRMS

Indicator : Share of loss in partnership and JV firms
Field : loss_frm_partnership_jv_subsi_oth
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the company’s share of the losses incurred by a partnership firm or a subsidiary or a joint
venture towards which it has contributed capital. The company is required to account for its share of the loss
incurred by the partnership firm, subsidiary or JV as per the agreement entered into between the company and the
other partner(s). Such losses are recorded in this data field.

L EASE EQUALISATION ADJUSTMENT CHARGE 825

Indicator : Lease equalisation adjustment charge
Field : loss_lease_equalisation_adj
Data Type : Number
Description:
Lease equalisation is a concept relevant to finance lease transactions entered into prior to 1 April 2001. A finance
lease is a lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incident to ownership of an asset. All leases
entered into prior to 1 April 2001 were governed by the Guidance Note on leases issued by Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India (ICAI).
However, with the introduction of Accounting Standard 19 (AS-19) on leases from 1 April 2001, the aforemen-
tioned guidance note stands repealed and henceforth no lease equalisation adjustment account is required as per the
accounting standard on leases.

826 L OSS ON SECURITISATION / ASSIGNMENT OF ASSETS AND LOANS

Indicator : Loss on securitisation/assignment of assets and loans
Field : loss_sectsn_of_ast_loans
Data Type : Number
Description:
In securitisation, a company possessing future cash generating assets, converts the same into liquid financial in-
struments. Securitisation allows a company to immediately realise the cash value of assets that might not be easy
to liquidate independently. A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) creates financial instruments which are secured by
claims on the future cash flows to be generated from the underlying assets pool. The SPV then invites investment
from prospective investors and in turn makes the payment to the company. The investors, now possessing beneficial
interest in the transferred asset, will receive the future cash proceeds.
The transfer value of the receivables is done in such a manner so as to give the parties to securitisation a reasonable
rate of return. Sometimes, however, the carrying value of the asset transferred is more than the cash realised from
the SPV. This results in a loss for the originator. The loss on securitisation of assets is the difference between the
value of assets transferred and the cash proceeds received. Losses of such nature are captured in this data field.

T REASURY OPERATIONS EXPENSES 827

Indicator : Treasury operations expenses
Field : treasury_operations_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Losses incurred by a company during a year on its transactions in securities or because of fluctuations in exchange
rates or because of revaluation of investments are considered as expenses arising out of treasury operations. Each
of these three classes of losses (expenses) are captured separately.
Under IGAAP, this data field is a summation of these three categories:
1. Loss on securities transactions and on sale of investments
2. Loss relating to forex transactions
3. Adjustments to the carrying amount of investments
Under Ind AS, this data-field is a summation of these three categories
1. Loss on financial instruments
2. Loss relating to forex transactions
3. Allowance / provision for impairment of investments

828 L OSS ON SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS AND ON SALE OF INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Loss on securities transactions and on sale of investments
Field : loss_securities_trans_invest_sales
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures losses incurred by companies on the sale of securities. CMIE classifies such losses on the
basis of tenure of the investment, i.e. into losses on long-term and short-term investments. Investments are usually
considered as long term in nature if they are held for a period exceeding 12 months. Correspondingly, investments
of less than one year constitute short-term investments. This data field reflects losses on the sale of all kinds of
investments.
Some companies do not report losses on sale of investments. Instead, they report the opening stock, purchases,
closing stock and sales amount of the securities in which it has traded. In such cases, CMIE computes the amount
of profit/loss, as the case may be, by adding purchases to the opening stock and deducting the sales and closing
stock from it. Losses thus computed are recorded in this data field.

L OSS ON SALE OF LONG TERM INVESTMENT 829

Indicator : Loss on sale of long term investment
Field : loss_sale_lt_invest
Data Type : Number
Description:
Long term investments are those which are held for a period of more than one year. This data field captures losses
incurred on the sale of long term investments.
As per Accounting Standard 13 of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, long term investments are carried
at cost, except, when there is a permanent decline in the value of such investments. Loss on sale of investments is
field captures the losses arising on sale/transfer of financial assets being long-term investments.
Companies usually do not give a break-up of loss on sale of long term and current investments. In such cases, the
entire amount of loss is reported in the main (parent) data field, i.e. under ’Loss on securities transactions and on
sale of investments’.

830 L OSS ON SALE OF SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Loss on sale of short term investments
Field : loss_sale_curr_invest
Data Type : Number
Description:
Current investments by nature are readily realisable and are procured with an intention to be held for not more than
one year from the date on which such investments are made. Current investments are usually reported at cost or
fair value (market value), whichever is lower.
This data field captures the losses incurred on sale of current investments. Under IGAAP, the Losses on F&O,
hedging, speculation, derivatives, swaps etc. as reported by companies are generally treated by CMIE as ’Loss on
short term securities.’
field captures the losses arising on sale/transfer of financial assets being current investments.
Under Ind AS, the losses on F&O, hedging, speculation, derivatives, swaps etc. are not captured in this data-field.
They are reported as ‘Loss on financial derivative instruments’.
Companies usually do not give a break-up of loss on sale of long term and current investments. In such cases
CMIE posts the figure in the main (parent) data field, i.e. under ’Loss on securities transactions and on sale of
investments’.
Some companies do not report the loss on sale of current investments. Instead, they report the opening stock,
purchases, closing stock and sales amount of the securities in which it has traded. In such a case, CMIE computes
the amount of profit/loss, as the case may be, by adding purchases to the opening stock and deducting the sales and
closing stock from it. Any loss thus computed is captured in this data field.

L OSS ON REVALUATION OF INVESTMENTS 831

Indicator : Loss on revaluation of investments
Field : loss_reval_invest
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the loss that a company books on the revaluation of investments. Companies usually report
their investments at cost or at market value, whichever is lower. If the market value of investments falls below cost,
then the depreciation in the value of the investment during an accounting period is reported in this data field.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has set guidelines for the valuation of investments by banks. Accordingly, all
appreciation of investments is ignored. Net depreciation on investments held for trading or for sale is charged to
the profit & loss account.

832 L OSS RELATING TO FOREX TRANSACTIONS

Indicator : Loss relating to forex transactions
Field : loss_forex_trans
Data Type : Number
Description:
If a company incurs a loss in Indian rupees because of the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on a foreign currency
transaction, then such a loss is reported in this data field. A company may also report a loss because of foreign
exchange fluctuations that arose because of the difference in exchange rates used in the valuation of assets at the
beginning and end of the accounting period. This is also reported in this data field.
Companies generally report such a loss as loss from foreign exchange transactions, net loss on forex transactions,
foreign exchange expenses are included in this field. But, marked-to-market (MTM) losses are captured as Fair
value loss in Ind-AS & Revaluation loss in IGAAP. Losses on currency swaps are captured as ‘Loss on financial
derivative instruments’ under Ind-AS & ’Loss on sale of current investments and securities transactions’ under
IGAAP.
Loss on forward contracts, premium on forex transactions is not captured in this data-field ’Loss on forward con-
tracts’ is captured as ‘Loss on sale of current investments and securities transactions’ under IGAAP and as ‘Loss on
financial derivative instruments’ under Ind-AS and ’Premium on forward contract’ is captured as ‘Other financial
services expenses’.
Earlier, companies had a policy of recognising foreign exchange fluctuation losses from long term loans for fixed
assets acquired from a country outside India as an adjustment to the carrying cost of fixed assets. However, Revised
AS 11 issued by Ministry of Corporate Affairs vide a notification dated 7th December 2006 which has become part
of companies’ Accounting Standard Rules 2006 has been made applicable from 1st April 2007. Accordingly,
exchange rate fluctuations arising out of conversion of long term loans for acquiring fixed assets, from a country
outside India are charged to the profit & loss account.
The foreign exchange loss reported by the companies is mostly net of forex gains. However, CMIE records the
expense on a gross basis. Gains, if any, are reported separately under the data field ’Gain relating to forex trans-
actions’. The notes to accounts, in most cases, provide the value of the gains made by the company in foreign
currency terms. If the same is available and if the company reports the foreign exchange expense on a net basis,
then it is added to the foreign exchange expense so as to arrive at the gross value.
Under Ind AS, according to Ind AS-23, "Exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to be
treated as borrowing costs for an amount which is lequivalent to the extent to which the exchangeoss does not
exceed the difference between the cost of borrowing in functional currency when compared to the cost of borrowing
in a foreign currency." Hence, exchange fluctuations considered as interest cost by company is not captured in this
data-field but it is captured as Interest expense.

A DJUSTMENTS TO THE CARRYING AMOUNT OF INVESTMENTS 833

Indicator : Adjustments to the carrying amount of investments
Field : prov_dimun_in_invest
Data Type : Number
Description:
Formerly known as "Provisions for diminution in investments", this field has been renamed to "Adjustments to the
carrying amount of investments".
This data field captures the provisions made by a company for any adjustment to the carrying amount of current
investments, long term investments and investments in group companies. Adjustments to carrying amounts of
investments can be in the form of a reduction in value or a reversal of such a reduction.
Accounting Standard 13 issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) on the valuation of
investments, largely deals with the valuation of current investments, long-term investments and investments in
associate/group companies.
As per these accounting standards, current investments are required to be valued at lower of cost of acquisition or
fair value/market value, in keeping with the accounting principle of prudence. Hence, if the market value is lower
than the cost, a provision for adjustment to the carrying amount of the said investment needs to be created, which
will effectively result in a reduction in its value.
Long term investments are carried in the financial statements at cost. Even if there is a fluctuation in the market
value, the company would report the investments at cost. However, if the management deems that a reduction
in the value of the investment is non-temporary in nature, then a provision is made in the books to the extent of
the shortfall in the value of investments. In future, if the value of the investment turns out to higher than such a
diminished value, then the provision for adjustment will need to be reversed.
This data field has three child indicators, namely:-
1. Adjustments to the carrying amount of current investments
2. Adjustments to the carrying amount of long term investments
3. Adjustments to the carrying amount of investments of group companies

834 A DJUSTMENTS TO THE CARRYING AMOUNT OF CURRENT INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Adjustments to the carrying amount of current investments
Field : adj_carrying_amt_st_invest
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the provisions made by a company for any adjustment to the carrying amount of current
investments. A current investment is defined as one which is readily realisable and is intended to be held for not
more than one year from the date on which such investment is made. Adjustments to carrying amounts of current
investments can be in the form of a reduction in its value or a reversal of such a reduction.
associate/group companies. As per this accounting standard, current investments are required to be valued at lower
of cost of acquisition or fair value/market value, in keeping with the accounting principle of prudence. Hence, if
the market value is lower than the cost, a provision for adjustment to the carrying amount of the said investment
needs to be created, which will effectively result in a reduction in its value.

A DJUSTMENTS TO THE CARRYING AMOUNT OF LONG TERM INVESTMENTS 835

Indicator : Adjustments to the carrying amount of long term investments
Field : adj_carrying_amt_lt_invest
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the provisions made by a company for any adjustment to the carrying amount of long-term
investments. Adjustments to carrying amounts of long term investments can be in the form of a reduction in its
value or a reversal of such a reduction.
associate/group companies. As per this accounting standard, long term investments are supposed to be carried in
the financial statements at cost.
The Accounting Standard lays down that a company should report the investments at acquisition cost, even if
there is a fluctuation in its market value. However, if the management deems that a reduction in the value of the
investment is non-temporary in nature, then a provision needs to be made in the company’s books to the extent of
the shortfall in the value of investments. Going ahead, if the value of the investment turns out to higher than such a
diminished value, then the excess provision for adjustment is reversed.

836 OTHER FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES

Indicator : Other financial services expenses
Field : exp_other_fin_services
Data Type : Number
Description:
Fund based financial services relate to monetary funds provided to companies from external entities. These funds
can be in the form of loans or deposits and are provided for varying periods and purposes. Banks, financial
institutions, directors and managers of the company, other business entities and creditors of the business provide
funds to the companies.
All expenses that are essentially in the nature of the cost of funds and the cost of raising funds for the company are
included under this broad head.
Fund based financial service expenses such as interest expense, premium / discount on debt instruments, other
borrowing costs, bill discounting charges, treasury operations expenses are captured separately under the respective
heads in the prowess database.
However In some cases companies do not disclose nature of fund based financial services expenses incurred. Such
expenses are captured in this indicator.

P ROVISIONS 837

Indicator : Provisions
Field : total_provisions
Data Type : Number
Description:
The accounting principles of conservatism and prudence require that companies not only record losses that have
been incurred, but also make provisions for potential losses. A provision is usually made for a possible future
liability such as a contingent liability, possibly becoming a liability in the future, or a loan becoming unrecoverable.
When there is a default on credit given by a company, it might sense that such a debt might never be recovered.
Consequently, the company needs to make a provision for such a potential loss. This is done by making an entry
called a "provision" on the expenses side of its profit & loss account. This data field captures the aggregate value
of all provisions debited to a company’s profit & loss account. A corresponding entry for each individual provision
is recorded on the liabilities side of the company’s balance sheet.
Provisions are estimations of potential losses, and might not be accurate. It is possible that the actual losses might
be lower than what had been provided for. In such a case, the actual losses will be booked against the provision
created and the excess provision will be written back. If, on the other hand, the actual losses exceed the provision
created, the excess losses will be debitted to the company’s profit & loss account.
This data field and the child indicators listed under it are only meant to capture provisions made for potential losses.
Some companies might report items like "Provision for marketing expenses" or "Provision for gratuity expenses"
or "Sales tax provision" or say "Excise duty provision" in the financial statements. CMIE, however, does not record
such items as ’provisions’. Instead, they are reported under the respective expense heads. Thus, provisions for
expenses incidental to marketing, like provision for warranty, etc., are reported under the ’marketing expenses’.

838 P ROVISIONS FOR BAD AND DOUBTFUL ADVANCES , LOANS & RECEIVABLES

Indicator : Provisions for bad and doubtful advances, loans & receivables
Field : prov_bad_debts
Data Type : Number
Description:
When there is a default on credit given by a company, it might sense that such a debt might never be recovered.
Consequently, the company needs to make a provision for such a potential loss. This is done by making an entry
called a "provision" on the expenses side of its profit & loss account.
This data field captures the aggregate value of all amounts debited to a company’s profit & loss account in order
to make provisions for bad and doubtful advances, investments and receivables. A corresponding entry for each
individual provision is recorded on the liabilities side of the company’s balance sheet.
This data field is the sum of the following two fields:
1. Provision for bad and doubtful advances (NPAs and NPIs)
2. Provision for bad and doubtful trade and other receivables
Each of these is captured individually.

P ROVISION FOR BAD AND DOUBTFUL ADVANCES BY BANKS , NBFC S (NPA S AND NPI S ) 839

Indicator : Provision for bad and doubtful advances by banks, NBFCs (NPAs and NPIs)
Field : prov_bad_adv_by_banks_nbfc
Data Type : Number
Description:
The accounting principles of conservatism and prudence require that a company not only records losses incurred,
but also makes provisions for potential losses that might occur in the future. Whenever a default occurs on any credit
given by it, a company might sense that such a debt or a portion thereof might never be recovered. Consequently, the
company needs to make a provision for such a potential loss. This is done by making an entry called a "provision"
on the expenses side of its profit & loss account.
to make provisions for bad and doubtful advances. A corresponding entry is made on the liabilities side of the
company’s balance sheet.
This data field also includes the value of non-performing assets (NPAs) and non-performing investments (NPIs)
that have been debited to the profit & loss accounts of banks and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs).

840 P ROVISION FOR BAD AND DOUBTFUL TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

Indicator : Provision for bad and doubtful trade and other receivables
Field : prov_bad_debtor
Data Type : Number
Description:
As per the accounting principles of conservatism and prudence, a company should not only record losses incurred,
but also make provisions for losses that might occur in the future. This helps the company portray a true and fair
picture of its performance and state of affairs.
Whenever a default occurs on any credit given by it, a company might sense that such a debt or a portion thereof
might never be recovered. Consequently, the company needs to make a provision for such a potential loss. This is
done by making an entry called a "provision" on the expenses side of its profit & loss account.
to make provisions for doubtful trade receivables (sundy debtors/debtors for goods sold and services rendered). It
also includes provisions made for other doubtful receivables which can not be captured elsewhere. A corresponding
entry is made on the liabilities side of the company’s balance sheet.
Since provisions are estimations of potential losses, they are not necessarily accurate. It is possible that in due
course of time, the actual losses icurred might be lower than what had been provided for. In such a case, the actual
losses will be booked against the provision created and the excess provision will be written back. If, on the other
hand, the actual losses exceed the provision created, the excess losses will be debited to the company’s profit &
loss account.

P ROVISION FOR MTM LOSSES ON DERIVATIVES 841

Indicator : Provision for MTM losses on derivatives
Field : prov_estimated_loss_on_derivatives
Data Type : Number
Description:
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) defines a derivative as a financial instrument or a contract
with all three of the following characteristics:
1. (a) its value changes in response to the change in a specified interest rate, financial instrument price, com-
modity price, foreign exchange rate, index of prices or rates, credit rating or credit index, or other variable,
provided in the case of a non-financial variable that the variable is not specific to a party to the contract
(sometimes called the underlying)
2. (b) it requires no initial net investment or an initial net investment that is smaller than would be required for
other types of contracts that would be expected to have a similar response to changes in market factors; and
3. (c) it is settled at a future date.
Accounting Standard 30 (AS-30) on "Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement", was issued by the
ICAI in 2007. It was ’recommended’ to be followed by companies since April 2009, but was mandatorily im-
plemented since April 2011. It states that companies holding derivative contracts must provide for losses on a
mark-to-market basis.
This data field is used to capture the provision created by a company in its profit & loss account in order to account
for estimated mark-to-market losses on derivative contracts held.

842 P ROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOSSES ON ONEROUS CONTRACTS

Indicator : Provision for estimated losses on onerous contracts
Field : prov_estimated_loss_on_contracts
Data Type : Number
Description:
The definition of ’onerous contracts’ is covered in the text of Accounting Standard 29 (AS-29) issued by the Insti-
tute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). It is defined as a contract in which the unavoidable costs of meeting
the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it. ’Unavoidable
costs’ would refer to the lower of the cost of fulfilling the said contract and any compensation/penalty arising from
the failure to fulfill it.
An example of an onerous contract would be the case of a company having entered into a contract to supply goods to
another party at a fixed rate throughout an agreed period. If during the course of this period, the cost of production
of the said product goes up, then the contract will become onerous.
As per AS-29, if a company has a contract that is onerous, the present obligation under the contract is required to
be recognised and measured. However, a provision will be recognised only if the enterprise has a present obligation
due to a past event, if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to
settle the obligation, and if it is possible to make a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation.
This data field is used to capture the provision created by a company in its profit & loss account in order to account
for estimated losses on onerous contracts.

P ROVISIONS FOR UNSPECIFIED CONTINGENCIES 843

Indicator : Provisions for unspecified contingencies
Field : prov_unspecified_contingencies
Data Type : Number
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 29 (AS-29), contingent liabilities should not be recognised in the financial statements.
However, it must be understood that they can develop in ways that can not be anticipated. Hence, it is necessary
to assess them continually. If, at any point of time, an outflow of future economic benefits to deal with an item
hitherto considered as a contingent liability becomes probable, a provision needs to be created in the company’s
This data field captures the value of such provisions made for items that were previously considered as contingent
liabilities. It captures all other provisions made by a company other than those that can be captured in other existing
fields.

844 F LOATING PROVISION WRITTEN BACK TOWARDS NPAS

Indicator : Floating provision written back towards npas
Field : floating_prov_w_back_npas
Data Type : Number
Description:
Floating provisions are those that are created and maintained by banks apart from the normal provisions they
required to maintain by statute for standard and bad assets. While the extent of specific provisions are specified by
the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the decision to maintain floating provisions vests with financial institutions.
The RBI suggested that banks maintain floating provisions as an additional back-up to manage non-performing
assets (NPAs). However, as time progressed, it was noticed that financial institutions were using floating provisions
to reduce their bad debts and inflate profits. Hence, the RBI issued a notification stating that floating provisions
should not be used for making specific provisions. As per the RBI, floating provisions can be used for making
specific provisions only for contingencies under extraordinary circumstances in impaired accounts, after obtaining
board’s approval and with prior permission of the RBI. Floating provisions cannot be reversed by credit to the
profit and loss account. Banks now have the option to either write off a portion of its NPAs under extraordinary
circumstances, or to consider it as a part of its Tier II capital, and not both.
Banks make disclosures on floating provisions in the "notes on accounts" to the balance sheet in the following
format:-
1. (a) opening balance in the floating provisions account
2. (b) the quantum of floating provisions made in the accounting year
3. (c) purpose and amount of draw down made during the accounting year, and
4. (d) closing balance in the floating provisions account
This data field is an addendum information field. It captures the amount of draw down made from a financial
institutions’ floating provisions during the year towards its NPAs.

F LOATING PROVISION PROVIDED TOWARDS NPAS 845

Indicator : Floating provision provided towards npas
Field : floating_prov_provided_npas
Data Type : Number
Description:
Floating provisions are those that are created and maintained by banks apart from the normal provisions they
required to maintain by statute for standard and bad assets. While the extent of specific provisions are specified by
the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the decision to maintain floating provisions vests with financial institutions.
A bank may voluntarily make specific provisions for advances at rates which are higher than the rates prescribed
under existing regulations, provided such higher rates are approved by the Board of Directors and consistently
adopted from year to year. Such additional provisions are not floating provisions.
The creation and maintenance of floating provisions was a measure introduced in order to help financial institutions
have an additional back-up to manage its non-performing assets (NPAs). However, as time progressed, it was
noticed that financial institutions were using floating provisions to reduce their bad debts and inflate profits. Hence,
the RBI issued a notification stating that floating provisions should not be used for making specific provisions.
As per the RBI, floating provisions can be used for making specific provisions only for contingencies under ex-
traordinary circumstances in impaired accounts, after obtaining board’s approval and with prior permission of the
RBI. Floating provisions cannot be reversed by credit to the profit and loss account. Banks now have the option
to either write off a portion of its NPAs under extraordinary circumstances, or to consider it as a part of its Tier II
capital, and not both.
Banks hold floating provisions for advances and investments separately.
Banks make disclosures on floating provisions in the "notes on accounts" to the balance sheet in the following
format:-
1. (a) opening balance in the floating provisions account
2. (b) the quantum of floating provisions made in the accounting year
3. (c) purpose and amount of draw down made during the accounting year, and
4. (d) closing balance in the floating provisions account
This data field is an addendum information field. It discloses that portion of a financial institution’s total provisions
in the profit & loss account that can be attributed to the creation of/an addition to floating provisions during the
year.

846 P ROVISION WRITTEN BACK FOR SACRIFICE ON INTEREST IN CDR AND NON CDR ACCOUNTS

Indicator : Provision written back for sacrifice on interest in cdr and non cdr accounts
Field : prov_w_back_sacrifice_int
Data Type : Number
Description:
There are instances where borrowing entities find themselves in financial difficulty because of factors beyond their
control and sometimes due to internal reasons. The revival of such entities as well as the safety of the money lent
to them by banks and financial institutions calls for timely support through restructuring of outstanding debt.
Banks may restructure such assets by altering the terms and provisions of debt.
Debt restructuring is a process that reduces the debt of a company facing cash flow problems and financial distress.
It usually involves a reduction/waive off of a portion of interest that has become due and a moratorium in the interest
repayment schedule. It could also involve the lending party taking over investments or equity in the borrowing
entity in lieu of debt.
Where an asset (loan) is in default and has invoked debt restructuring, a financial institution will have to forego
some interest. This is known as interest sacrifice, for which a provision has to be made in its books. Provisions
made towards interest sacrifice are created by debiting the profit and loss account. These are maintained in a distinct
account called ’provision for restructured assets’ or ’provision for restructured standard accounts’. For this purpose
the future interest dues as per the bank current prime lending rate (PLR) are discounted to the present value at a
rate appropriate to the risk category of the borrower (i.e. current PLR plus the appropriate term premium and credit
risk premium for the borrower category) and compared with the present value of the dues expected to be received
under the restructuring package, discounted on the same basis.
The interest sacrifice made by the financial institution on such restructured assets is recomputed at each balance
sheet date till satisfactory completion of all repayment obligation and full repayment of the outstanding amount.
Accordingly banks will need to provide for the shortfall in provision or reverse the amount of excess provision, as
the case may be.
This data field is an additional information field, which captures the excess amount written back during a year
by the bank after re-valuing the sacrifice on interest in such restructured assets both, in cases of both CDR and
non-CDR accounts. The amount is disclosed by the bank in the break up of provisions and contingencies provided
in its notes to accounts.

P ROVISION PROVIDED FOR SACRIFICE ON INTEREST IN CDR AND NON CDR ACCOUNTS 847

Indicator : Provision provided for sacrifice on interest in cdr and non cdr accounts
Field : prov_provided_sacrifice_int
Data Type : Number
Description:
There are instances where borrowing entities find themselves in financial difficulty because of factors beyond their
control and sometimes due to internal reasons. The revival of such entities as well as the safety of the money lent
to them by banks and financial institutions calls for timely support through restructuring of outstanding debt.
Banks may restructure such assets by altering the terms and provisions of debt.
Debt restructuring is a process that reduces the debt of a company facing cash flow problems and financial distress.
It usually involves a reduction/waive off of a portion of interest that has become due and a moratorium in the interest
repayment schedule. It could also involve the lending party taking over investments or equity in the borrowing
entity in lieu of debt.
Where an asset (loan) is in default and has invoked debt restructuring, a financial institution will have to forego
some interest. This is known as interest sacrifice, for which a provision has to be made in its books. Provisions
made towards interest sacrifice are created by debiting the profit and loss account. These are maintained in a distinct
account called ’provision for restructured assets’ or ’provision for restructured standard accounts’. For this purpose
the future interest dues as per the bank current prime lending rate (PLR) are discounted to the present value at a
rate appropriate to the risk category of the borrower (i.e. current PLR plus the appropriate term premium and credit
risk premium for the borrower category) and compared with the present value of the dues expected to be received
under the restructuring package, discounted on the same basis.
This data field is an additional information field, which captures the amount provided by a bank during the year
towards sacrifice on interest with respect to restructured assets of both CDR as well as non-CDR accounts. The
amount is disclosed by the bank in the break up of provisions and contingencies provided in the note to accounts.

848 P ROVISION FOR RESTRUCTURED AGRICULTURE ADVANCES

Indicator : Provision for restructured agriculture advances
Field : prov_restruct_agri_adv
Data Type : Number
Description:
In July 2012, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued a circular stating that agricultural loans in drought-hit areas
should not be classified as non performing assets (NPAs), and that the repayment should instead get shifted to the
next cropping cycle. It also stated that where natural calamities i.e. drought, flood or other calamities impair the
repaying capacity of agricultural borrowers, banks had the option to decide on relief measures to alleviate farmers’
plight. Measures could be in the form of an extension in the repayment schedule or the sanctioning of new loans.
In other words, it seeks reconstruction of certain agricultural loans.
This data field is an addendum information field. It captures the value of provisions made by the bank during a year
towards the sacrifice made on restructured agricultural advances. The amount is disclosed by the bank in the break
up of provisions and contingencies provided in its notes to accounts.

D EPRECIATION / A MORTISATION ( NET OF TRANSFER FROM REVALUATION RESERVES ) 849

Indicator : Depreciation / Amortisation (net of transfer from revaluation reserves)
Field : depreciation
Data Type : Number
Description:
As fixed assets age, their value diminishes because of wear and tear. This reduction in value needs to be reflected
in the profit & loss statement. Depreciation is the measure of this wear and tear of depreciable assets arising from
their use, passage of time or their obsolescence in the light of technology and market changes. A fixed asset is
depreciated till its effective life is exhausted. To depreciate an asset also means to amortise the (capital) purchase
cost of the asset over its expected useful life.
Section 32 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 has stipulated two conditions that are required to be fulfilled in order to
claim depreciation. These are ownership of the depreciable asset by the assessee and the use of the said asset for
the purpose of business.
The amount to be charged as depreciation usually depends on the following factors:-
1. historical cost of the depreciable asset or any other amount substituted for the historical cost of the asset in
cases of revaluation of the said asset
2. the expected useful life of the said asset; and
3. the estimated residual value of the asset
Although there are several methods of allocating depreciation, the most common methods are the straight line
method and the reducing balance method. A combination of more than one method is sometimes used. In the case
of assets that do not have any material value, depreciation can be allocated entirely in the accounting year in which
the asset has been acquired.
The method of depreciation is applied consistently to provide comparability of the results of the operations of the
enterprise from period to period. A shift to another method is made only if required by statute or for compliance
with an accounting standard or if the change is expected to result in a more appropriate presentation of financial
statements. When such a change in the method of depreciation is made, depreciation is recalculated in accordance
with the new method from the date of the asset coming into use. The deficiency or surplus arising from retrospective
recomputation of depreciation in accordance with the new method is adjusted in the accounts in the year in which
the method of depreciation is changed. Such changes are treated as changes in accounting policy and the effects
are quantified and disclosed.
Although depreciation is charged to the profit & loss statement, it is not paid to any third party. Being a non-cash
expense, it is retained by the company, i.e. in results in avoidance of cash outflow and increases the company’s free
cash. Such retained resources can be used for future reinvestment into the company to ensure at least the current
level of investments into assets.
If a company discloses the depreciation for a year but does not charge it to the profit & loss statement, CMIE
charges such an amount. This data field takes into consideration both, the amount of depreciation adjusted against
revaluation reserves and also any unprovided depreciation.
This data field is the sum of the following items/data fields:-
1. depreciation

850 D EPRECIATION / A MORTISATION ( NET OF TRANSFER FROM REVALUATION RESERVES )
2. depreciation for the year on leased-out assets

3. depreciation for the year on leased-in assets; and
4. depreciation disclosed but not provided for the year, reduced by the transfer from revaluation reserves.
Each of these is captured separately.

D EPRECIATION 851

Indicator : Depreciation
Field : dep_owned_ast
Data Type : Number
Description:
As fixed assets age, their value diminishes because of wear and tear. This reduction in value needs to be reflected
in the profit & loss statement. Depreciation is the measure of this wear and tear of depreciable assets arising from
their use, passage of time or their obsolescence in the light of technology and market changes. A fixed asset is
depreciated till its effective life is exhausted. Depreciation also includes the amortisation of the purchase cost of
the asset over its expected useful life.
Although depreciation is charged to the profit & loss statement, it is not paid to any third party. Being a non-cash
expense, it is retained by the company, i.e. in results in avoidance of cash outflow and increases the company’s free
cash. Such retained resources can be used for future reinvestment into the company to ensure at least the current
level of investments into assets.
If a company discloses the depreciation for a year but does not charge it to the profit & loss statement, CMIE
charges such an amount. This data field takes into consideration both, the amount of depreciation adjusted against
revaluation reserves and also any unprovided depreciation.
In this data field, depreciation/amortisation of intangible assets like goodwill, patent rights, etc on owned assets is
captured. Depreciation on leased assets is captured elsewhere.

852 D EPRECIATION FOR THE YEAR ON LEASED OUT ASSETS

Indicator : Depreciation for the year on leased out assets
Field : dep_leased_out_ast
Data Type : Number
Description:
If a company reports depreciation charges on leased out assets separately from depreciation on own assets, then
such charges are captured separately in this data field. This data field captures depreciation claimed by lessors of a
depreciable asset in all cases except for finance leases and hire purchase agreements.
The word ’use’ for the purpose of claiming depreciation includes both active as well as passive users. Thus, it
is not essential that an asset is actively used by an assessee for his own business. Hence, if an assessee is in the
business of giving out machinery on hire, he would be entitled to claim depreciation thereon by virtue of being a
passive user. In the case of the Commissioner of Income Tax vs Shaan Finance Pvt. Ltd., it was held that where the
taxpayer is engaged in leasing business, it is entitled to an investment allowance (conditions for which are identical
to depreciation) on assets leased by it, since the requirements of ownership and use are fulfilled upon lease of the
assets in the course of business.
In the case of a sale & leaseback agreement, depreciation is allowed to the lessor on the written-down value of the
asset in the hands of the lessee, prior to the sale of the asset to the lessor.

D EPRECIATION FOR THE YEAR ON LEASED IN ASSETS 853

Indicator : Depreciation for the year on leased in assets
Field : dep_leased_in_ast
Data Type : Number
Description:
the purpose of business. Hence, in the case of lease agreements, it is usually the lessor who claims depreciation
charges on assets leased out.
In certain cases, however, the lessee is allowed to claim depreciation on assets it has taken on lease from lessors.
This data field captures depreciation charges claimed on assets taken on lease by companies.
A special bench of the Mumbai Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (SB) in the case of M/s. Indusind Bank held that
with respect to finance lease agreements, where the risks and rewards of ownership of assets lie with the lessee, it is
the lessee who is entitled to claim depreciation on the said assets. The lessee, in such cases, is the ’de facto’ owner
as against the lessor, who has only symbolic ownership of the asset.

854 D EPRECIATION DISCLOSED BUT NOT PROVIDED FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Depreciation disclosed but not provided for the year
Field : dep_not_provided_for
Data Type : Number
Description:
There might be rare cases wherein which a company might decide not to provide for any depreciation in a particular
year, or it may provide short depreciation. This could be because the company had insufficient profits or were
incurring losses, or any other reason. In most of such cases, the concerned company does mention the value of the
depreciation that it did not provide or the shortfall in the depreciation that it provided for the year. CMIE captures
this information of the missing or short depreciation charge in this data-field.
As per the Companies Act, it is not mandatory for companies to provide for depreciation in the books of accounts.
However, if no provision is made for depreciation, the company is required to state that it has not provided for
depreciation. It is also required to compute the quantum of arrears of depreciation in accordance with section
205(2) of the Act and to disclose it in a note. Information regarding the non provision/short provision is also
available in the Auditor’s Report of the Company.

L ESS : TRANSFER FROM FIXED ASSET REVALUATION RESERVE 855

Indicator : Less: transfer from fixed asset revaluation reserve
Field : dep_trf_frm_reval_resv
Data Type : Number
Description:
When a company revalues its assets, resulting in an increase in its book value, it creates a revaluation reserve on
the liabilities side of the balance sheet. This balances the balance sheet. Thereafter, when the company provides
for depreciation on the appreciated assets, the depreciation computed on the revalued assets is much higher than
earlier. The ’higher’ depreciation (or excess depreciation) because of the revaluation of assets is set off against the
revaluation reserves created at the time of the revaluation of assets. The revaluation reserves are reduced and the
excess depreciation is correspondingly reduced.
This data field captures this set-off of the excess depreciation against revaluation reserves.

856 A MORTISATION

Indicator : Amortisation
Field : amortisation
Data Type : Number
Description:
Amortisation is a system of spreading costs across a period over which the benefits of an expenditure are expected
to be reaped. It is usually done when a company undertakes a large one-time cost for a purpose that would reap
benefits not only during the year in which the expense was incurred, but over several years in the future. Typically,
such costs would include a licence or, preliminary expenses of a startup, or even expenses on a public issue, or
some large expenditure on the development of a product, etc.
Amortisation is similar to depreciation. Depreciation is charged on capital goods over their useful life span. Sim-
ilarly, amortisation is charged on other expenses that would yield a payback in the future. This data field reports
only the amount of expenses amortised during the year.
This data field does not capture the amortisation of intangible assets on the lines of depreciation. Such amortisation
of intangible assets is captured under the depreciation data field.
Amortisation charges can be further classified into amortisation pertaining to the following expenses:-
1. preliminary expenses
2. capital issue expenses
3. license fees

P RELIMINARY EXPENSES AMORTISED 857

Indicator : Preliminary expenses amortised
Field : prelim_exp_amort
Data Type : Number
Description:
Amortisation is a system of spreading an expenditure across a period over which benefits of the said expenditure
are expected to be reaped. It is usually done when a company undertakes a large one-time cost for a purpose that
might not bear fruits during the year in which the expense was paid for, but over several years in the future.
Preliminary expenses are the expenses incurred before the incorporation of a company and the commencement of
its operations. They relate to the formation of an enterprise. Preliminary expenses usually include the following:-
1. legal costs and professional charges paid for drafting memorandum and articles of association
2. professional charges for consultation in incorporating a company
3. registration fees paid to the Registrar of Companies (ROC)
4. cost of printing of memorandum and articles of association and other statutory books
5. stamp duty on documents
6. any other expense incidental to the incorporation of and essential to the commencement of a company’s
operations
Since the company may not have matching income in the initial years, it may not write off the expenses in the
initial years in which they were incurred, but may amortise them over a period of time.
The portion of preliminary expenses amortised in a financial year is reported in this data field.

858 C APITAL ISSUE EXPENSES AMORTISED

Indicator : Capital issue expenses amortised
Field : cap_issue_exp_amort
Data Type : Number
Description:
Amortisation is a system of spreading costs across a period over which the benefits of the expenditure are expected
to accrue. It is usually done when a company undertakes a large one-time cost for a purpose that would bear fruits
only over several years in the future.
Capital issue expense refers to the expenditure a company may incur to raise capital through the capital markets.
Often, the expenditure on this could be large such as in large public offering of shares and the company may choose
to amortise these expenses over a period of time.
This data field captures the amount of capital issue expenses amortised during a financial year.

L ICENCE FEES AMORTISED 859

Indicator : Licence fees amortised
Field : licence_fees_amort
Data Type : Number
Description:
Companies may report one-time licence fees paid by them either as deferred revenue expenditure or may treat it
as an intangible asset and amortise it over a period. Where the company treats it as deferred revenue expenditure
CMIE reports the amortisation amount in this data field. On the other hand, if the licence fees are treated as an
intangible asset then the amortisation amount is reported under ’Deprecation’.
If a company pays licence fees every year, then this recurring expenditure is captured in the data-field ’Licence
fees’ under ’royalties, technical know-how fees, etc.’, and is not captured in this data field.

860 P RODUCT DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES AMORTISED

Indicator : Product development expenses amortised
Field : prod_dev_amort
Data Type : Number
Description:
Amortisation is a system of spreading costs across a period over which the benfits of a particular expenditure are
expected to be reaped. It is usually done when a company undertakes a large one-time cost for a purpose that would
bear fruits only over several years in the future.
This data-field captures the amount of product development expenses/promotional expenses amortised during a
year. Product development expenses are incurred for developing new products, processes, services or systems or
improving the existing ones.

P ROJECT EXPENSES AND PRE - OPERATIVE EXPENSES AMORTISED 861

Indicator : Project expenses and pre-operative expenses amortised
Field : proj_pre_op_amort
Data Type : Number
Description:
Amortisation involves spreading costs across a period over which the benefits of a particular expenditure are ex-
pected to be reaped. It is usually done when a company undertakes a large one-time cost for a purpose that would
bear fruits only over several years in the future.
Project expenses are incurred during the setting of a new project by a company. Since the company may not have
matching income from such a project in the initial years, it may not write off the expenses in the year in which it
was incurred. Instead, it may decide to amortise them over a period of time during which it expects the benefits
thereof to accrue.
Companies used to report pre-operative/project expenses amortised during a year as a part of the schedule to
administrative expenses, other expenses, or deferred revenue expenses. Post the revised schedule VI, companies
disclose this breakup in the notes to accounts. The portion of pre-operative/project expenses amortised in a financial
year is reported in this data field.

862 OTHER AMORTISATIONS

Indicator : Other amortisations
Field : oth_amort
Data Type : Number
Description:
Amortisation involves spreading costs across a period over which the benefits of an expenditure are expected to be
reaped. It is usually done when a company undertakes a large one-time cost for a purpose that would bear fruits
only over several years in the future.
This data field captures amortisation charged by the company on any expenditure that is not explicitly stated else-
where, i.e. apart from preliminary expenses, project expenses, capital issue expenses, licence fees or product
development expenses.
The portion of such other expenses amortised in a financial year is reported in this data field.

W RITE - OFFS 863

Indicator : Write-offs
Field : write_offs
Data Type : Number
Description:
Companies write-off assets or claims they have on others when they believe that such claims are unrecoverable or
that the assets are worthless. Typically, they write off balance sheet items - assets. Thus, a company may write off
an asset that it has no use or value for.
Write-offs are distinct from provisions. A provision is made for a possible future liability such as a contingent
liability, which has the possibility of becoming a liability in the future. Provisions are also made for assets such as
loans or advances that are not recoverable. This is not the same but is similar to write-offs. Writing off an asset
would essentially involve the removal of an asset from the balance sheet by passing a debit entry in the profit &
loss account.
Write-offs are similar to provisions but they are more conclusive in their belief that the debt, claim, etc are not
recoverable. Both provisions and write-offs have the same impact on the profits of the company. However, while
provisions are qualitatively tentative, write-offs are more conclusive regarding the non-recoverability of a debt.
Provisions are captured separately by CMIE.
Overburden removal cost is reported by mining companies. Generally all coal mining companies report such an
expense in their profit & loss statement. This amount is reported under write-offs.
However any write-off reported by companies due to exceptional circumstances such as a write off due to termina-
tion of a contract etc. is classified by CMIE as an extraordinary expense and not reported under write offs.

864 BAD TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES , LOANS & ADVANCES WRITTEN OFF

Indicator : Bad trade and other receivables, loans & advances written off
Field : bad_debts_claims_adv_w_off
Data Type : Number
Description:
During the normal course of business, a company may sell its products on credit or extend loans and advances to
other entities. There might be instances where the company might not be able to recover the entire amount from
the parties to whom goods were sold on credit or advances have been given. As a result, the company might seek
to write off such amounts which they deem irrecoverable. Similarly, banks write off those non-performing assets
which have been identified as loss assets.
This data field captures the value of debtors or advances and claims that were written off by the company in a year.
It captures the actual write offs and not the provisions for bad debts. Provisions are captured separately. Such write
offs are generally reported as bad debts written off, doubtful claims written off, or loans and advances written off.
The data entered in this data field is the sum of ’bad debts written off’, ’claims written off’ and ’advances written
off’ by the company during the year. The amount written off under each of these heads is captured individually.

BAD TRADE RECEIVABLES WRITTEN OFF 865

Indicator : Bad trade receivables written off
Field : bad_debts_w_off
Data Type : Number
Description:
There might be instances wherein which a company might not be able to recover outstanding dues or a portion
thereof from its debtors. This could happen due to reasons like the debtor going bankrupt, due to a dispute pertain-
ing to the payment, etc. In such cases where the company is certain that the amount or a part thereof is not likely
to be recovered, it may choose to write off such an amount as a bad debt. This ensures that its assets are not stated
higher than the amount that it can actually expect to recover, in keeping with the accounting concept of prudence.
Writing off bad debts essentially results in reducing the balance outstanding against debtors and the booking of this
reduction as an expense/loss item in the profit & loss statement.
This data field captures the value of bad debts that were written off by the company in a year. This data field
captures the actual write offs and not the provisions for bad debts. Provisions are captured separately.

866 L OANS & ADVANCES WRITTEN OFF

Indicator : Loans & advances written off
Field : adv_w_off
Data Type : Number
Description:
A company might have a degree of certainty about the irrecoverability of an advance given to another entity or a
portion thereof. In such a case it may choose to take such an amount off the balance sheet in order to ensure that its
assets are not stated higher than the amount that it can actually expect to recover, in keeping with the accounting
concept of prudence.
This data field captures the value of advances that were written off by the company in a year. This data-field
captures the actual write offs and not the provisions for advances. Provisions are captured separately.

OTHER RECEIVABLES INCLUDING CLAIMS WRITTEN OFF 867

Indicator : Other receivables including claims written off
Field : claims_w_off
Data Type : Number
Description:
A company might choose to write off claims or a part thereof when it is reasonably certain that it is not recoverable.
This would be in keeping with the accounting principle of prudence.
This data field captures the value of claims that were written off by the company in a year. This data field captures
the actual write offs and not the provisions for claims.

868 A SSETS WRITTEN OFF

Indicator : Assets written off
Field : ast_w_off
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the amount of fixed assets, capital work in progress, pre-operative expenses (pending
allocation/capitalisation), that have been written off in a particular year. Companies write off their assets when they
perceive that they have become unusable or would not fetch any resale or scrap value.

OTHER WRITE - OFFS 869

Indicator : Other write-offs
Field : oth_w_off
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field refers to all amounts written off by the company other than debts, claims, advances and fixed assets
written off as these are covered specifically elsewhere. Other items write-off would generally include investments,
sundry balances, TDS receivable, deposits etc.

870 L ESS : OTHER CAPITALISATION

Indicator : Less: Other capitalisation
Field : oth_capitalisation
Data Type : Number
Description:
As per accounting norms, current expenses incurred on and during the setting up of a new plant or a new project
upto the date of the commercial production of the plant are considered as part of the capital cost of the project.
In accounting terms, they are capitalised. This data field captures the expenses capitalised by a company during a
year, except wages and salaries and interest expenses capitalised as these are captured separately elsewhere.
If an expense head is reported by the company as net of expenses capitalised, then CMIE adds the capitalisation
amount into the expense head and reports the same on a gross basis in the relevant expense data field. Correspond-
ingly, it also reports the expenses capitalised amount separately in the relevant expenses capitalised data field.
Other expenses capitalised, captured in this data field, include delivery and handling costs, installation costs, pro-
fessional fees and administrative costs.

L ESS : OTHER EXPENSES TRANSFERRED TO DRE 871

Indicator : Less: Other expenses transferred to DRE
Field : oth_trf_to_dre
Data Type : Number
Description:
When the benefits of certain revenue expenditure incurred by a company during a year are expected to accrue not
only in the year in which these expenses were incurred but also in the subsequent years then, these expenses are not
charged to the profit and loss account in the year in which they are incurred. Instead, the amount is transferred to the
balance sheet as a deferred revenue expenditure. The expenditure (which is in the nature of revenue expenditure)
is considered as a capital expenditure.
Expenses considered as deferred revenue expenditure, other than expenses on wages & salaries and on interest
during a year is captured in this field. Deferred revenue expenditure on wages & salaries and interest are captured
separately elsewhere.

872 L ESS : E XPENSES CHARGED TO OTHER EXPENDITURE HEADS

Indicator : Less: Expenses charged to other expenditure heads
Field : charged_to_oth_heads
Data Type : Number
Description:
The need for this data field arises when a company reports different amount for a similar expense in its P&L account
and in other statutory reports. This has been mostly observed in case of research and development expenses.
Many times companies report research and development expenses in directors report but these are not charged
separately to profit and loss account or the amount is not similar to that in the directors’ report. Hence the value of
R& D expense as reported in the directors’ report is captured into’Research and development expenses’ indicator
and simultaneously the difference in the amount between the two reports is reduced from Totalexpenses through
the field ’Expenses charged to other expenditure heads’ so that the total ofExpenses does not inflate.
The need for this data field also arises when a company presents its accounts with entries such as “transferred to
other expense heads” under a list of expenses and it is not possible to discern as to from which particular expense
the transfer has been made. In such cases, Prowess reports the amount of transfer in this data field.

P RIOR PERIOD AND EXTRA - ORDINARY EXPENSES 873

Indicator : Prior period and extra-ordinary expenses
Field : prior_period_extra_ordi_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Prior period expense is defined by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India as an expense, which arises in
the current period as a result of errors or omissions in the preparation of the financial statements of one or more
prior periods. We extend this definition to include all expenses, which arise in the current period but pertain to prior
periods irrespective of whether this is because of errors or omissions in the previous periods or due to any other
reason.
Extraordinary expense is defined as expense that arises from events or transactions that are clearly distinct from
the ordinary business activities of the enterprise and, are not expected to recur frequently or regularly. Expenses
like loss on sale of assets, loss on impairment of assets, tax on extra-ordinary income, etc. are classified as extra-
ordinary expenses.
This data field is the sum of prior period expenses and extra-ordinary expense.

874 P RIOR PERIOD EXPENSES

Indicator : Prior period expenses
Field : prior_period_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
If a company charges to the current year’s profit and loss account, expenses that pertain to prior years, then such
expenses are captured in this data field. Prior period expense is defined by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India as an expense which arises in the current period as a result of errors or omissions in the preparation of the
financial statements of one or more prior periods. CMIE extends this definition to include all expenses which arises
in the current period but pertain to prior periods irrespective of whether this is because of errors or omissions in the
previous periods or due to any other reason.
CMIE captures the cash and non-cash elements of the prior period expenses separately. This data field is the sum
of the two components.

C ASH PRIOR PERIOD EXPENSES 875

Indicator : Cash prior period expenses
Field : cash_prior_period_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
An expense pertaining to a prior period if charged to the current year’s income and expenditure statement and if
the same leads to cash outgo then, such an expense is captured in this data field.
This data field is the sum of prior period direct taxes and other cash prior period expenses.
When a company simply reports prior period expenses, without further classifying it as cash and non-cash, then it
is not included here. It is taken as non-cash prior period expenses.

876 P RIOR PERIOD DIRECT TAXES ( INCL . DTA & MAT)

Indicator : Prior period direct taxes (incl. DTA & MAT)
Field : prior_period_taxes
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures direct taxes reported by the company during the current year but which pertain to income
of a prior year. This could happen if the company had under-reported tax or under-estimated its tax liability in
a previous year and these are being reported in the current year’s income and expenditure statement. Such tax
provisions are for prior periods and are therefore reported in this data field and not in the data field “provision for
direct tax”.

C ASH PRIOR PERIOD EXPENSES EXCLUDING PRIOR PERIOD TAXES 877

Indicator : Cash prior period expenses excluding prior period taxes
Field : oth_cash_prior_period_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
An expense pertaining to a prior period, other than prior period taxes, if charged to the current income and expen-
diture statement and if the same leads to a cash outgo then, such an expense is captured in this data field.

878 N ON CASH PRIOR PERIOD EXPENSES

Indicator : Non cash prior period expenses
Field : non_cash_prior_period_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
An expense pertaining to a prior period if charged to the current year’s income and expenditure statement and if the
same does not lead to a cash outgo then, such an expense is captured in this data field. This data field is the sum of
prior period deprecation and other non cash prior period expenses.
When a company simply reports prior period expenses, without further classifying it as cash or non cash, then, it is
directly reported in this data field.

P RIOR PERIOD DEPRECIATION 879

Indicator : Prior period depreciation
Field : prior_period_dep
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures depreciation provided by a company during the current year but which pertains to a prior
year. There could be two reasons for this: either the company has changed its accounting policy for depreciation
or, there were some errors or omissions in the previous years that are being adjusted in the current year.

880 N ON CASH PRIOR PERIOD EXPENSES EXCLUDING PRIOR PERIOD DEPRECIATION

Indicator : Non cash prior period expenses excluding prior period depreciation
Field : oth_non_cash_prior_period_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Expenses, other than depreciation, pertaining to a prior period if charged to the current income and expenditure
statement and if these do not lead to a cash outgo then, such expenses are captured in this data field.

E XTRA - ORDINARY EXPENSES 881

Indicator : Extra-ordinary expenses
Field : extra_ordi_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
Extra-ordinary expenses are one of the sub-groups of the section of expense heads named ’Prior period and extra-
ordinary expenses’ on Prowess. It refers to those expenses that arise from events or transactions that are clearly
distinct from the ordinary business activities of an enterprise. Such expenses do not usually arise on a frequent or
regular basis, and are therefore said to be extra-ordinary in nature. Some examples of extra-ordinary expenses are
loss on sale of assets, one-time settlements, losses incurred on changes in accounting policies, loss on impairment
of assets, tax on extra-ordinary income, etc.
This data field is the sum of all kinds of extraordinary expenses such as;
• Loss on impairment of assets
• Loss on sale of assets
• Tax on extra-ordinary income
• Loss because of change in valuation and accounting policies
• Expenses on discontinuing operations
• Loss on disposal of assets/settlement of liabilities of discontinuing operations
• Tax expenses on discontinuing operations

882 L OSS ON IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS

Indicator : Loss on impairment of assets
Field : loss_impair_ast
Data Type : Number
Description:
Extra-ordinary expenses are those that arise from events or transactions that are clearly distinct from the ordinary
business activities of an enterprise, and which do not usually arise on a frequent or regular basis. This data field is
one of the components of ’Extra-ordinary expenses’, and captures the value of a companies losses arising due to
impairment of assets.
Any loss arising on account of impairment in the value of an asset is captured in this data field. An asset is said
to be impaired if its carrying cost is greater than its recoverable value. Carrying cost is the net cost of an asset as
reflected in the balance sheet (i.e. gross fixed asset value less cumulative depreciation) and recoverable value of
an asset is usually the higher of either the net selling price or its value derived from estimates of discounted future
cash flows from the asset. Indian companies are required to follow Accounting Standard 28 (AS-28) as issued by
the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India with respect to the treatment of asset impairment.

A DJUSTMENTS TO THE CARRYING AMOUNT OF INVESTMENTS OF GROUP COMPANIES 883

Indicator : Adjustments to the carrying amount of investments of group companies
Field : adj_carrying_amt_invest_group_cos
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the provisions made by a company for any adjustment to the carrying amount of investments
in group companies. If an associate company is not consolidated, then its valuation should be done in accordance
with Accounting Standard 13, else it is to be dealt with as per Accounting Standard 28.
As per Accounting Standard 13 (AS-13), current investments are to be valued at lower of cost of acquisition or fair
value/market value. Hence, if the market value is lower than the cost, a provision for adjustment to the carrying
amount of the said investment needs to be created, which will effectively result in a reduction in its value. Long
term investments are to be recorded at cost, even if there is a fluctuation in the market value. However, if the
management deems that there is a reduction in the value of the investment which is permanent in nature, then a
provision is made in the books to the extent of the shortfall in value. Going ahead, if the value of the investment
turns out to higher than such a diminished value, then the provision for adjustment will need to be reversed. Hence,
the treatment of investment in an associate which is not consolidate will depend on whether the investment qualifies
as a current or a long term investment.
The accounting treatment of associate companies which are consolidated, however, is different. As per AS-28,
such companies are to be valued as per the equity method. Under the equity method, the investment in an associate
is initially recognised at cost and the carrying amount is increased or decreased to include the investor’s share of
the profit/loss arising on the investment after the date of acquisition. Distributions received from an investee result
in a reduction in the carrying amount of the investment.

884 L OSS ON SALE OF ASSETS

Indicator : Loss on sale of assets
Field : loss_sale_ast
Data Type : Number
Description:
one of the components of ’Extra-ordinary expenses’, and captures the value of a companies losses arising on the
sale of assets.
As per Accounting Standard 10 (AS-10) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), if the
value at which a company sells its asset is less than the value at which it appears in the company’s books of
accounts, then the difference (which is a loss) is charged to the profit & loss account in the year in which the asset
was sold. CMIE classifies such a loss as an extraordinary expense.
With the intention of producing or providing goods or services, a company acquires fixed assets. In the normal
course of business, such assets are not for sale. Therefore, the sale of a fixed asset is extra-ordinary, even if it
arises frequently and is of a large amount. It is for this reason that any loss on sale of a fixed asset is treated as an
extra-ordinary item by CMIE and is reported in this data field.
Loss on sale of business is also reported here. However, loss on discarded assets is reported under "Assets written
off". In case of sale of a revalued asset, if the loss is on an increase in the value of the asset due to its revaluation,
then such loss is adjusted directly against the revaluation reserve.

TAX ON EXTRA - ORDINARY INCOME 885

Indicator : Tax on extra-ordinary income
Field : tax_extra_ordi_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
business activities of an enterprise, and which do not usually arise on a frequent or regular basis. This data field
is one of the components of ’Extra-ordinary expenses’, and captures the value of a company’s taxes incurred on
extra-ordinary income.
This data field captures taxes paid by the company on extraordinary income earned by it. Normally, the company
do not separately report taxes paid on extraordinary income earned, but club them with tax on regular income and
report the aggregate figure. For instance, companies generally do not separately report taxes paid on profit realised
on sale of assets. If, however, such information is available, then the same is captured in this data field. This is
because extra-ordinary incomes are not earned by the conduct of routine business activities. Any expenses incurred
thereon, in this case taxes, are therefore extra-ordinary in nature.
Taxes on extraordinary income are distinct from prior period taxes. Prior period taxes is the taxes paid on ordinary
incomes arisen in an earlier period but not accounted for in that period.

886 L OSS BECAUSE ( EFFECT ) OF CHANGE IN VALUATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Indicator : Loss because (effect) of change in valuation and accounting policies
Field : loss_dueto_chg_actg_policy
Data Type : Number
Description:
one of the components of ’Extra-ordinary expenses’, and captures the value of a company’s losses arising from a
change in valuation methods and accounting policies.
Change in valuation methods and accounting policies includes change in the method and quantum of depreciation,
change in provisions, etc. Such changes might result in a decrease in a company’s profits, i.e. an effective loss.
Such losses arising from changes in valuation and accounting policies are captured in this data field.

L OSS ON CORPORATE AND DEBT RESTRUCTURING 887

Indicator : Loss on corporate and debt restructuring
Field : loss_corp_debt_restruc
Data Type : Number
Description:
This field captures loss on corporate and debt restructuring of reporting entity
Corporate restructuring is a corporate action taken to significantly modify the structure or the operations of the
company. This usually happens when a company is facing significant problems and is in financial jeopardy. Often,
the restructuring is referred to the ways to reduce the size of the company and make it small. Corporate restructuring
is essential to eliminate all the financial troubles and improve the performance of the company.
Under a debt restructuring scheme, financially distressed entity enter into an agreement with bankers, creditors,
vendors, tax authorities etc to renegotiate payment terms in orderto avoid bankruptcy.
Each restructuring process results in a gain/loss for the entity. Sometimes, resructuring may result into loss for
restructuring entity. Such loss on restructuring presented by entity in its statement of profit and loss is captured
under this data field

888 L OSS ON SALE OF INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARY, ASSOCIATES & JV

Indicator : Loss on sale of investment in subsidiary, associates & JV
Field : exp_loss_sale_long_term_inv_subsi
Data Type : Number
Description:
This field records loss on sale of investment in subsidiary, associate and joint venture.
If a parent loses control of a subsidiary, it shall:
• derecognise the assets (including any goodwill) and liabilities of the subsidiary at their carrying amounts at
the date when control is lost;
• recognise the fair value of consideration received;
• reclassify to profit or loss, or transfer directly to retained earnings the amounts recognised in other compre-
hensive income in relation to the subsidiary;
• recognise any resulting difference as a gain or loss in the profit & loss account.
It is to be noted that any disposal of interest in a subsidiary, which does not result in loss of control is accounted as
an equity transaction and no gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss account.
Associates and Joint Venture - Reduction / sale of stake in associate or joint venture requires recognition of gain
or loss in profit and loss account . Such loss on partial / complete disposal of interest in associates or joint venture
alongwith loss on sale of investment in subsidiary is captured in this field.

E XPENSES ON DISCONTINUING OPERATIONS 889

Indicator : Expenses on discontinuing operations
Field : total_expense_frm_discont_operations
Data Type : Number
Description:
one of the components of ’Extra-ordinary expenses’, and captures the value of a company’s expenses pertaining to
discontinuing operations.
Discontinuing operations are defined in accounting standard 24 (AS-24) issued by the Institute of Chartered Ac-
countants of India (ICAI). The standard defines discontinuing operations as a component of an enterprise that is
being disposed of either in its entirety by way of a demerger or a spin-off, or that is being disposed of piecemeal
via a sale of assets and liabilities individually, or that is being terminated through abandonment. The transaction of
disposal should be pursuant to an overall plan to discontinue the entire component. Such a component is such that
it represents a separate major line of business or a geographical area of operations. Also, such a component is also
capable of being distinguished with respect to operations and for financial reporting purposes.
This data field captures all the expenses incurred by a company that it is able to ascertain as pertaining to its
discontinuing operations. Such expenses can be in the form of interest expenses or finance costs or depreciation, etc.
This field does not include tax expenses of discontinuing operations, i.e. taxes on profits earned by discontinuing
operations. Tax expenses thereon are captured on a separate field.

890 L OSS ON DISPOSAL OF ASSETS / SETTLEMENT OF LIABILITIES OF DISCONTINUING OPERATIONS

Indicator : Loss on disposal of assets/settlement of liabilities of discontinuing operations
Field : loss_on_asset_sale_liab_settle_disc_oper
Data Type : Number
Description:
one of the components of ’Extra-ordinary expenses’, and captures the value of a company’s losses incurred on the
disposal of assets and the settlement of liabilities of discontinuing operations.
This data field captures the losses incurred by a company with respect to its discontinuing operations. Such losses
can either arise on the disposal of assets within a discontinued operation, or the settlement of liabilities thereof.

TAX EXPENSES ON DISCONTINUING OPERATIONS 891

Indicator : Tax expenses on discontinuing operations
Field : tax_exp_frm_discont_operations
Data Type : Number
Description:
business activities of an enterprise, and which do not usually arise on a frequent or regular basis. This data field
is one of the components of ’Extra-ordinary expenses’, and captures the value of the tax expenses incurred by a
company on its discontinuing operations.
This data field captures the value of taxes paid by a company on the profits of its discontinuing operations.

892 OTHER E XTRA - ORDINARY EXPENSES

Indicator : Other Extra-ordinary expenses
Field : other_extra_ordinary_expenses
Data Type : Number
Description:
If an entity reports an expense item of extra-ordinary nature, which cannot be captured in any of the child fields
available under extra-ordinary expenses, but CMIE is of the opinion that such item is of extra-ordinary nature, then
it is classified and captured under the data field ’Other Extra-ordinary expenses’.

P ROVISION FOR DIRECT TAX 893

Indicator : Provision for direct tax
Field : prov_direct_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the provision made by a company to meet its direct tax liabilities. Profits attract taxes and
companies are required to make provisions for taxes to be paid according to their own assessment in accordance
with the tax rates applicable for a given assessment year under the Income Tax Act, 1961.
As per Accounting Standard 22 (AS-22), taxes on income are an expense incurred by the enterprise in earning
income, and accrue in the same period as the revenue and expenses to which they relate. Thus, the liability for
taxation arises on or before the last day of any given year. As a result, an enterprise is required to make a provision
for the expected tax liability as per prevailing laws and tax rates, in the year in which the taxable income has been
earned.
Companies are required to make tax provisions in their financial statements after computing their taxable profits.
This data field includes provisions for all types of taxes, including corporate tax, fringe benefit tax, deferred tax,
wealth tax, agricultural income tax and other direct taxes.
The provision for direct tax is derived as
(Corporatetax + M AT creditutilised − M AT creditcreated + Def erredtax − Def erredtaxcredit +
Otherdirecttaxes).
Other direct taxes include wealth tax, agricultural income tax, fringe benefit tax, property tax and other miscella-
neous taxes.
In the event of the company having reported taxes pertaining to previous years and taxes on extra-ordinary income
separately, these amounts are not reported in this field. Instead, they are captured separately under the data fields
"prior period direct taxes" and "tax on extra-ordinary income", as the case may be, which are grouped under "prior
period and extra-ordinary expenses"

894 C ORPORATE TAX

Indicator : Corporate tax
Field : corporate_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
Corporate tax (also called Corporation tax) is an annual tax payable on the income of body corporates operating
in India. It is one of the direct taxes paid by companies. It is the most important and, often, the largest direct tax
payment by any company.
As per Accounting Standard 22, taxes on income are considered to be an expense incurred by the enterprise in
earning income and are accrued in the same period as the revenue and expenses to which they relate. Thus, the
liability for taxation arises on or before the last day of the accounting period. As a result the enterprise is required to
make a provision for the expected tax liability as per prevailing laws and tax rates, in the year in which the taxable
income was earned.
Companies are required to make tax provision in their financial statements after computing their taxable profits.
The corporate tax as reported by the company in its profit and loss account is reported in this data field. It includes
minimum alternate tax (MAT) reported by companies. It also includes foreign taxes, if any, paid by corporates.

MAT CREDIT UTILISED 895

Indicator : MAT credit utilised
Field : mat_utilised
Data Type : Number
Description:
When a company pays MAT i.e. Minimum Alternate Tax, it gets credit for the amount of MAT paid in excess of
normal taxes. Under section 115JB(1) of the Income Tax Act 1961, a company is required to pay MAT on its book
profits in case the income tax computed under the prevalent assessment year’s corporate tax rates is less than the
MAT computed. A company may be liable to pay tax of Rs.100 as per income computed under the Income Tax
Act but as per the MAT rate of 18 per cent of book profits, it is liable to pay a tax of Rs.120. In such a case, the
company pays the higher of the two, i.e. Rs.120. It then becomes entitled to a MAT credit of Rs.20, i.e. the excess
of MAT over normal taxes. This credit is allowed to be carried forward and set off against tax payable upto the
tenth assessment year from the year in which such a credit became available.
In the year in which the company is entitled to a MAT credit, it creates an asset under its loans and advances as
’MAT credit entitlement’. The company may be required to pay MAT again in subsequent years. Thus, it would
get a further credit for the excess amount of tax paid on account of MAT. This credit gets accumulated in the MAT
credit entitlement account appearing on the assets side of its balance sheet.
A company which accumulates such MAT credit can avail of or utilise these when it starts paying normal income tax
i.e. as per income computed under the Income Tax Act. The year in which the company utilises this accumulated
MAT credit, it debits the amount of MAT credit utilised to its profit and loss account.
This data field captures the amount of MAT credit utilised by a company during a particular year.

896 L ESS : MAT CREDIT CREATED

Indicator : Less: MAT credit created
Field : mat_created
Data Type : Number
Description:
A company prepares its profit & loss statement as per the Companies Act. However, a company pays taxes on
income computed as per the provisions of Income Tax Act. There were a large number of companies who were not
paying income tax because they did not have taxable income computed as per the Income Tax Act. However, these
companies were making profits as per their profit & loss statement (book profits).
So while these companies made profits and declared dividends to shareholders, they did not contribute anything
to the government exchequer. In order to bring such companies under the tax net, the Minimum Alternative Tax
(MAT) was introduced under section 115JB of the Income Tax Act. Under MAT, a company is required to pay a
minimum tax of 18.5 per cent (current MAT rate) on book profits in case the regular tax on income computed as
per the Income Tax Act is less than 18.5 per cent of book profits.
The company is required to compare normal income tax payable (computed as per Income Tax provisions) with
18.5 per cent (current MAT rate) of book profits and pay taxes the higher of the two.
When a company pays MAT, it gets credit for the amount of MAT paid in excess of normal taxes.
The year in which the company is entitled to a MAT credit, it creates an asset as ’MAT credit entitlement’. This
appears on the asset side of the balance sheet under loans & advances. While creating the asset, company credits its
profit and loss account by the MAT credit amount. However, this amount is disclosed as a deduction on the debit
side of profit and loss account under provision for direct tax as ’MAT credit created’.
This data field reports the amount of MAT credit entitlement created by a company through its profit and loss
statement in the year in which it is entitled to a MAT credit.

D EFERRED TAX 897

Indicator : Deferred tax
Field : deferred_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
Deferred taxes arise because of the difference between the profit as computed by using generally accepted account-
ing principles and taxable profit as computed using the direct tax laws. Deferred taxes can be assets as well as
liabilities.
If the generally accepted accounting principles lead to the computation of a profit that is lower than the taxable
profit computed using direct tax laws, then this gives rise to a deferred tax asset. On the other hand, if the generally
acceptable accounting principles lead to the computation of a profit that is higher than the taxable profit computed
using direct tax laws then, a deferred tax liability arises.
This data field captures deferred tax liabilities generated during an accounting period.
Tax laws may allow a 100 per cent depreciation on certain assets acquired by a company, during the year of the
acquistion. This could be a form of promotional accelerated depreciation in order to enable lower tax payment in
a year. But a company may actually write off the asset over a larger number of years in its financials, as is usually
the case.
For example, a company invests Rs.10 million in a machinery for research. As per Income Tax laws, this amount
is fully deductible in the year of purchase. So, the tax filing by the company reflects Rs.10 million as depreciation.
The company may, however, in its books depreciate this asset by straight line method at the rate of 25 per cent.
The reduction in the tax liability in the first year because of the accelerated depreciation enhances the profits made
by the company and reported in its Annual Report. Since the company’s books of accounts show higher profits,
they also show a higher tax liability. The excess of this tax liability over that computed for the tax authorities is
deferred tax liability.
In the aforementioned case, assuming a tax rate of 40 per cent, the deferred tax liability generated will be 40
per cent of Rs.7.5 million (Rs.10 million less Rs.2.5 million), or Rs.3 million. In subsequent years, the company
would continue to depreciate the machinery in its books of accounts based on the straight line method, but the tax
authorities, having permitted accelerated depreciation in the first year would not recognise this depreciation any
more.
Deferred tax is the tax effect of timing differences. Due to such differences, the company either pays more tax or
less tax than as per company law.
When a company pays less tax than as per company law, it creates a liability (in the company’s books of accounts)
to pay the difference in future. In effect, the liability to pay is ’deferred’ to the subsequent years.
When it pays more tax than as per company law, it is in the nature of a prepaid expense and therefore is recorded in
the company’s books as an asset. Taking credit for such payment is deferred to the following years. The payment
is not recognised/allowed as an expense (against income) in the profit & loss account. The recognition is ’deferred’
to the following years.
Hence, such tax asset created or tax liability created is called deferred taxes.

898 D EFERRED TAX
When a company reports the net figure of deferred tax in the profit & loss account and provides the details of
deferred tax assets and liability for the year under the notes to accounts, CMIE reports the gross amounts of
deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability arising during the year in separate fields.

L ESS : D EFERRED TAX ASSETS AND CREDIT 899

Indicator : Less: Deferred tax assets and credit
Field : deferred_tax_ast_credit
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures deferred tax assets generated for the current year.
This asset is generated when tax calculated as per the tax laws exceeds tax computed as per the company’s books
of accounts. This happens when, for instance, tax authorities do not allow depreciation, or allow a lower rate of
depreciation on a particular asset as a result of which depreciation charged by the company in its books is higher
than the depreciation allowed by the tax laws while computing taxable profit and income tax. As a result, taxes
paid by the company are higher than the tax payable as per its books of accounts. This excess tax is treated as a
deferred tax asset.

900 OTHER DIRECT TAXES

Indicator : Other direct taxes
Field : oth_direct_taxes
Data Type : Number
Description:
Direct taxes other than coporate taxes, minimum alternative taxes (MAT) and deferred taxes are captured in this
data field. Other direct taxes is the sum of wealth tax, agricultural income tax, fringe benefit taxes and other
miscellaneous direct taxes.

W EALTH TAX 901

Indicator : Wealth tax
Field : wealth_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures provisions made for wealth taxes in the profit & loss account.
Wealth tax is a direct tax, which is charged on the net wealth of the assessee. Net wealth means the excess of assets
over debts. It is a tax levied at the rate of one per cent on the amount by which the assessee’s net wealth exceeds
Rs.30 lakh. The tax is to be paid year after year based on market value, whether or not such property yields any
income.
The term assets as per the Wealth Tax Act includes the following:
1. House - whether used for residential or commercial purposes or for maintaining a guest house or a farm house
in an urban area, except those exclusively meant for residential purposes and alloted by a company to an em-
ployee, houses held as stock-in-trade, occupied for the assessee’s business or profession, residential properties
let out for a minimum 300 days during a previous year and commercial establishments or complexes.
2. Motor cars (except those used in hiring business or held as stock-in-trade
3. Jewellery (excluding stock-in-trade)
4. Yachts, boats and aircraft (other than those used for commercial purposes)
5. Land situated in an urban area

902 AGRICULTURAL INCOME TAX

Indicator : Agricultural income tax
Field : agri_inc_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures provisions made for agricultural income tax in the company’s profit & loss statement.
Agricultural income tax is the tax levied on the agricultural income of the company. Although agricultural income
is exempt from tax as per the Income Tax Act and the Central Government does not tax such income, state gov-
ernments are allowed to do so. Hence, this data field would essentially include agricultural income tax levied by
various state governments.

F RINGE BENEFITS TAX 903

Indicator : Fringe benefits tax
Field : fringe_benefits_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the amounts that companies paid towards Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT). The FBT, which
was implemented on companies from April 2005 and which was abolished in July 2009, imposed taxes on fringe
benefits that employees enjoy in a company. These are non-cash benefits that may exclude the regular taxes on
employee compensation. It was introduced in order to ensure that all considerations paid by employers to employ-
ees fell within the purview of income tax. They may include company expenses on entertainment, travel, canteen
services, etc for employees. The FBT was also levied on employee stock option plans (ESOPs).

904 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS TAXES

Indicator : Other miscellaneous taxes
Field : oth_misc_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures provisions made in the profit & loss statement for direct taxes other than corporate taxes,
deferred taxes, wealth tax, agricultural income tax and fringe benefit taxes. They include taxes like cash transaction
tax (CTT/BCTT), securities transaction tax (STT), professional tax, property tax, house tax, building tax, land
revenue tax, etc.

I NTERNAL TRANSFERS OF RAW MATERIALS ( INCLUDING OWN QUARRYING ) 905

Indicator : Internal transfers of raw materials (including own quarrying)
Field : internal_trf_rawmat
Data Type : Number
Description:
Internal transfer is the movement of goods and services from one department to another within the same organisa-
tion. It includes transfers such as inter-divisional, inter-unit, inter departmental, inter segmental, etc.
Some companies report the transfer of finished goods under this data field, as finished goods of one division may
be the raw material for another division.
Companies report internal transfers either at cost or, rarely, at selling price. In case of goods transferred at selling
price, the department that transfers goods adds its profit margin. This practice is usually followed when each
division is considered as a separate profit centre.
Internal transfer of goods at selling price has a disadvantage if the transferred goods remain unsold at the end of the
year. This is because, the department that purchases the goods internally at selling price would record it at the same
price in its closing stock which would inflate the closing stock of the goods to the extent of the profit element. This
method would also violate the requirement of ICAI’s Accounting Standard-2 for valuation of inventories, which
states that the stock has to be valued at cost or net realizable value, whichever is less.
When the amount of internal transfer reported in the schedule of the raw materials consumed (expense side) does
not tally with that reported under sales, then the higher of the two amounts is reported by us as internal transfer
under both incomes and expenses. CMIE assumes that the information regarding some amount of internal transfer
included in some head has not been specifically disclosed.

906 E XPENSES CAPITALISED

Indicator : Expenses capitalised
Field : exp_capitalised
Data Type : Number
Description:
Expenses incurred during the setting up of a new plant or a new project upto the date of the commercial production
of the plant are capitalised. This means that expenses that normally would be of current nature, such as salaries,
that are made for the new project till the date of commissioning are considered as a part of the capital cost. This is
called capitalisation of expenditure.
Expenditure capitalised by the company during a year is captured in three separate data fields. These are compen-
sation to employees capitalised, interest capitalised and other capitalisation. This data field is derived as the sum
of these three data fields.

E XPENSES TRANSFERRED TO DRE 907

Indicator : Expenses transferred to DRE
Field : exp_trf_to_dre
Data Type : Number
Description:
When benefits of certain revenue expenditure incurred by a company during a year are expected to accrue not
only in the year in which these expenses were incurred but also in the subsequent years then, these expenses are
not charged entirely to the profit and loss account in the year in which they are incurred. Instead, the amount
is transferred to the balance sheet as a deferred revenue expenditure. The expenditure (which is in the nature of
revenue expenditure) is considered as a capital expenditure.
CMIE captures expenses transferred to DRE on wages and on interest separately, if these are available separately.
The rest, if any, are captured in an “others” data field. This data field, the total expenses transferred to DRE, is the
sum of these three.

908 R ESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES ( CAPITAL & CURRENT ACCOUNT )

Indicator : Research & development expenses (capital & current account)
Field : rnd
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total outlay of the company on research and development during an accounting period. It
is the sum of expenditures incurred on both capital account and current account.
The information forms a part of the director’s report and is presented as an annexure to the director’s report in the
Annual Report of the company.
Research and development expenses information is mostly furnished by manufacturing companies. The disclosure
is mandatory as per section 217 of the Companies Act. As per section 217(1)(e), there shall be attached to every
balance sheet laid before a company in the Annual General Meeting, a report by its board of directors, with respect
to the conservation of energy and technology absorption.
Research and development expenses incurred by the company form part of the technology absorption details. Apart
from mentioning about the research and development activities carried on by the company, the details provide the
expenses incurred with respect to capital and current account.

R ESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES - CAPITAL ACCOUNT 909

Indicator : Research & development expenses - capital account
Field : rnd_exp_cap_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the expenses allocated and incurred for carrying out research and development activities on
capital account by the company.
Accounting Standard 26 on Intangible Assets states that, "the financial statements should disclose the aggregate
amount of research and development expenditure recognised as an expense during the period".
The particulars required by the Companies (Disclosure of Particulars in the Report of Board Of Directors) rules
1988 require the Directors Report to disclose the total amount of expenditure incurred for research and development
during the year segregated into capital and current expenditure.
The information is obtained from the Director’s report but where a company does not provide the amounts in the
Director’s report but mentions the same under the Notes to Accounts, CMIE captures the information from the
Notes to Accounts of the Annual Report.

910 R ESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES - CURRENT ACCOUNT

Indicator : Research & development expenses - current account
Field : rnd_exp_curr_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the expenses allocated and incurred for carrying out research and development activities on
current account by the company.
Accounting Standard 26 on Intangible Assets states that, "the financial statements should disclose the aggregate
amount of research and development expenditure recognised as an expense during the period".
The particulars required by the Companies (Disclosure of Particulars in the Report of Board Of Directors) rules
1988 require the Directors Report to disclose the total amount of expenditure incurred for research and development
during the year segregated into capital and current expenditure.
The information is obtained from the Director’s report but where a company does not provide the amounts in the
Director’s report but mentions the same under the Notes to Accounts, CMIE captures the information from the
Notes to Accounts of the Annual Report.
The allocation of the costs of research and development activities to accounting periods is determined by their
relationship to the expected future benefits to be derived from these activities. In most cases there is little, if
any, direct relationship between the amount of current research and development costs and future benefits because
the amount of such benefits, and the periods over which they will be received, are too uncertain. Research and
development costs are thus charged as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

T OTAL EXPENSE NET OF P&E 911

Indicator : Total expense net of P&E
Field : total_expense_net_of_pe
Data Type : Number
Description:
The total expenses of an accounting period of a company includes all kindsof expenses. It also includes expensess of
prior periods and extra-ordinaryexpensess. Expensess of prior periods are those that arise in the currentaccounting
period but which pertain to one or more earlier periods.Extra-ordinary expensess are those that are clearlydifferent
from the expensess generated from ordinary business of thecompany. For example, loss on the sale of an asset.
Prior period and extra-ordinary expensess boost the expenses of a year.Their magnitude is not predictable and
therefore they are capable ofcausing some additional volatility or noise in the expenses of a company.Thus, total
expenses net of prior period and extra-ordinary expenses is amore reliable and less volatile number compared to
the total expenses thatincludes these transactions.

912 T OTAL EXPENSES AS % OF T OTAL EXPENSES

Indicator : Total expenses as % of Total expenses
Field : total_exp_pc_total_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the ratio which is used to examine the total expenses structure of a company.
It expresses total expenses as a percentage of total expenses of a company.

O PERATING EXPENSES OF NON - FINANCE COS 913

Indicator : Operating expenses of non-finance cos
Field : nf_operating_expenses
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores operating expenses of non-finance companies.
Operating expenses of non-finance companies are different from operating expenses of financial companies. This
is because some expenses such as interest cost will be an operating expense for a finance company but will not be
so for a non-finance company.
Operating expenses of non-finance companies are all expenses
• other than non-cash expenses, financial charges, extra-ordinary expenses and prior period expenses
• incurred on day to day operations and activities related to the business of providing goods or rendering ser-
vices
Here, operating expenses are day-to-day expenses of operating a non-financial enterprise.
The term operating expenses is used often in the presentation of financial statements and also in the reports of
financial analysts. The term usually refers to those expenses that are related to the normal and regular operations
of the business. It also excludes non-cash expenses and direct taxes.
Thus, operating expenses of non-finance companies is generally understood to include all current expenses of the
profit and loss financial statements except those that relate to financial services and those that relate to non-cash
charges, and it excludes direct tax provisions.
There is no official definition of the term operating expenses. Accounting Standard 3 of the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India defines operating activities as the principal revenue-producing activities of the enterprise and
other activities that are not investing or financing activities .
The term, operating expenses is used with varying meanings by different companies. Its meaning in an Annual
Report of a company is mostly contextual. CMIE does not capture any data by the description of operating expenses
from the Annual Report.
In the interest of maintaining consistency over time and across companies, CMIE has a standard definition of the
term operating expenses. This draws upon the ICAI’s definition of operating activities and is thus derived as:
Total expenses - Financial services - Provisions - Depreciation - Amortisation - Write offs - Prior period and extra-
ordinary expenses - Provision for taxation
Operating expenses is a term that is more applicable to an industrial company than a services sector company. Raw
material and energy are the traditional large operational expenses. The services sector is heterogenous and each
has a different structure of operating expenses. For some, salaries and wages are important for others distribution
and logistics costs are important.

914 O PERATING EXPENSES OF FINANCE COS

Indicator : Operating expenses of finance cos
Field : f_operating_expenses
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores operating expenses of finance companies.
Operating expenses of finance companies are different from operating expenses of non-financial companies. This
is because some expenses such as raw material cost will be an operating expense for a non-finance company but
will not be so for a finance company.
Operating expenses of finance companies are all expenses
• other than non-cash expenses, extra-ordinary expenses and prior period expenses
• incurred on day to day operations and activities related to the business of providing financial services
Here, operating expenses are day-to-day expenses of operating a financial enterprise.
The term operating expenses is used often in the presentation of financial statements and also in the reports of
financial analysts. The term usually refers to those expenses that are related to the normal and regular operations
of the business. It also excludes non-cash expenses and direct taxes.
There is no official definition of the term operating expenses. Accounting Standard 3 of the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India defines operating activities as the principal revenue-producing activities of the enterprise and
other activities that are not investing or financing activities .
The term, operating expenses is used with varying meanings by different companies. Its meaning in an Annual
Report of a company is mostly contextual. CMIE does not capture any data by the description of operating expenses
from the Annual Report.
term operating expenses for companies that provide financial services. It is defined as:
Total expenses - Provisions - Depreciation - Amortisation -Write offs - Prior period & extra-ordinary expenses -
Provision for taxation

N ET FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES 915

Indicator : Net financial services expenses
Field : net_fin_serv_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Net financial services expenses are derived by subtracting financial services income from financial services ex-
penses.
Companies incur financial services expenses like bank charges and commission, interest expenses, bill discounting
charges, among others. They also generate income through financial services like interest income, dividend income,
etc.
This data field captures the net financial services expenses. The value for this data field can either be positive or
negative. In case a company has greater amount of financial services income than financial services expenses, then
the value of net financial services expenses will be negative.

916 N ON - CASH CHARGES

Indicator : Non-cash charges
Field : non_cash_charges
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field stores the non-cash charges disclosed by companies in their Annual Report.
Depreciation, amortisation, provisions and write-off are non-cash charges. Each of these are accounting entries
made that reduce the profits of the company, but they do not cause any cash outgo.
Depreciation is a charge to account for the implicit wear and tear of machinery and other fixed assets. Different
assets have different life terms and therefore different rates of depreciation. The sum of this depreciation of all
assets in a year is considered to be a spending of the assets during the year. This sum is charged to the profit and
loss account of the company. This is an accounting entry and there is no payment made to any party for this.
Amortisation is similar to depreciation. While depreciation spreads the cost of a fixed asset over time, amortisation
spreads a lumpy cost (such as the cost of launching a new product, or disbursement of a voluntary retirement
scheme) over time. The outgo could be large in one year and the company may decide to spread this (or amortise
this) over several years. The amortisation of a year does not correspond to any payment made to any party. It is
therefore a non-cash charge during a year.
A provision is made for a possible future liability such as a contingent liability, which has the possibility of becom-
ing a liability in the future. Provisions are also made for assets such as loans or advances that are not recoverable.
Provisions, thus, do not cause any cash outgo. Hence, they are also included under non-cash charges.
Write-offs are similar to provisions A company may write-off an asset when it has no use for it. The book value
of the asset in such cases is debited to the profit and loss account. This is a non-cash transaction. There could be
other write-offs as well in an year.
Write offs are mostly for balance sheet items such as fixed assets or investments. They could also be claims that
are unrecoverable. Usually, a company first makes provisions for these and writes them off only when there is no
hope of recovery.

N ET PRIOR PERIOD & EXTRA - ORDINARY INCOME 917

Indicator : Net prior period & extra-ordinary income
Field : net_of_pe
Data Type : Number
Description:
One of the major distinguishing features of the Prowess database is the identification of prior period and extra-
ordinary transactions. The Prowess database defines, identifies and systematically captures prior period and extra-
ordinary income and expenses. These are often expressed by the acronym, P&E.
This expression captures the net prior period & extra-ordinary income. It is derived by subtracting P&E expenses
from P&E income.
This is a derived value and the detailed components of both, prior period and extra-ordinary income and expenses
are captured separately in the Prowess database.
CMIE often deducts P&E transactions from profits of companies to arrive at a measure of profit that is more likely
to reflect the business during a period and that is more likely to be sustainable compared to the unadjusted profit
number. CMIE always suffixes profits with “P&E” to identify such an adjustment.
Prior period income and expenses are defined by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India as transactions
that arise in the current period as a result of errors or omissions in the preparation of financial statements of one or
more prior periods. CMIE extends this definition to include all transactions that arise in the current period but that
pertain to prior periods irrespective of whether they were becase of errors or omissions in the previous periods.
Extra-ordinary transactions arise from events or transactions that are clearly distinct from the ordinary activities of
the enterprise and they are not generally expect to recur frequently or regularly.

918 C OST OF GOODS SOLD

Indicator : Cost of goods sold
Field : cost_of_goods_sold
Data Type : Number
Description:
The cost of goods sold is the costs that can be directly associated with the production of the goods that were sold
during the year. Principally, this includes cost of raw materials, stores and spares, energy, packaging, labour and
other similar operational costs. However, it excludes the cost of distribution, sales and marketing, administration,
direct and indirect taxes, etc. The cost of goods sold may thus be considered to be the cost of creating the inventory
that the company then sells.
However, a mere stock piling does not tantamount to sales. The cost of goods sold calculation therefore reduces
the net increase in stocks from the cost of production.
The presentation of financial statements by Indian companies do not, usually, provide a line item such as "cost
of goods sold" or "cost of sales". Although, this is common in the financial statements provided by American
companies. American companies provide the expenditure break-up by the type of function while Indian companies
provide the expenditure break-up by type of expenditure, such as raw material consumed, salaries & wages, powe,
fuel & water charges, packaging expenses, depreciation & amortisation, rent expenses, etc.
Typically, the financial statements of an American company will not provide details of the expenses on raw mate-
rials, energy, labour, purchased finished goods, etc. These details are available in the financial statements of Indian
companies.
Prowess therefore deduces the cost of goods sold from the detailed expenditure break-up available in the financial
statements of Indian companies. This deduced value could be different from the value given in the Annual Report,
if a company has provided a line item called cost of goods sold.
Cost of goods is derived as follows:
Rawmaterial, stores&spares+packaging&packingcharges+purchaseof f inishedgoods+70percentof compensationtoe
70percentof expenditureonpowerf uel&watercharges+50percentof rents+repairs&maintenanceof plant&machinery
70percentof repairs&maintenanceof buildings+outsourcedmanuf acturingjobs+royalties+research&developmentex
environment&pollutioncontrolrelatedexpenses+90percentof depreciation+otheroperationalexpensesof industrialen
otheroperationalexpensesof non − f inancialservicescompanies − changeinstockof f inishedgoods −
changeinstockof workinprogress&semi − f inishedgoods.
The expression used (as defined above) attempts to isolate the cost of production of goods sold. Some expenditure
items are not taken entirely into the cost of goods sold. For example, only 70 per cent of the compensation to
employees is included. This is because it is assumed that the remaining 30 per cent are engaged in selling or ad-
ministrative tasks and are not associated with the production of goods. The same assumption holds for expenditure
on power, fuel & water charges or repair of buildings. It is assumed that a larger proportion of the expenses on rent
are for non-production related activities, since the plant premises are often owned by the company.
The ratios used above are based on CMIE’s judgement of the cost structure of companies. However, these are
nevertheless mere judgements and the outcome should therefore be used with appropriate caution.

C OST OF SALES 919

Indicator : Cost of sales
Field : cost_of_sales
Data Type : Number
Description:
Cost of sales is the cost involved in manufacturing and selling of goods during a year. Often, cost of sales is
considered to be the same as cost of goods sold. Prowess distinguishes the two. Cost of goods sold includes
only the direct cost attributable to the production of goods sold by a company and it excludes the cost of selling
and distribution. Cost of sales is different in the sense that it also includes indirect expenses such as selling and
distribution cost along with the production cost. Like cost of goods sold, cost of sales also excludes the net increase
in inventories during a year, as the cost pertains only to the goods that are sold.
Indian companies do not, usually, provide a line item such as “cost of goods sold” or “cost of sales” in their financial
statements. This is because Indian companies classify expenses in the P&L account by ‘nature of expenses’. Hence,
expenses are disclosed according to their nature such as raw materials consumed, salaries & wages, depreciation &
amortisation, rent expenses, etc.
“Cost of goods sold” and “cost of sales” is a common item in the financial statement of American companies,
which classify expenses in the P&L account by ‘function of expenses’, as per the requirement of US GAAP. Thus,
American companies present expenses in terms of different functions such as cost of sales, administrative cost and
other expenses.
Typically, the financial statements of an American company will not provide details of the expenses on raw mate-
rials, energy, labour, purchased finished goods, etc. These details are available in the financial statements of Indian
companies.
Prowess, therefore deduces the ‘cost of sales’ from the detailed expenditure break-up available in the financial
statements of Indian companies. This deduced value could be different from the value given in the Annual Report,
in case a company has provided a line item called ‘cost of sales’.
The cost of sales is the sum of all kinds of expenses related to production and sales. It excludes interest and other
cost of capital and costs related to raising finances, provisions, amortisations and write-offs. It also excludes all
prior period and extra-ordinary expenses.
Cost of sales is derived as follows:
Rawmaterial, stores&spares+power, f uel&watercharges+packagingandpackingcharges+compensationtoemployees
purchaseof f inishedgoods+royalties&technicalknowhow+rentandleaserent+repairs&maintenance+
insurancepremiumpaid+outsourcedprof essionaljobs+selling&distributionexpenses+travelexpenses+
communicationexpenses+printing&stationery+othermiscellaneousexpenses+outsourcedmanuf acturingjobs+
research&developmentexpenses+environment&pollutioncontrolrelatedexpenses+otheroperationalexpensesof indu
otheroperationalexpensesof nonf inancialservicescompanies+depreciation+indirecttaxes−changeinstockof f inishe
changeinstockof workinprogress&semi − f inishedgoods

920 C OST OF SALES PER DAY

Indicator : Cost of sales per day
Field : cost_of_sales_per_day
Data Type : Number
Description:
This expression measures the average daily cost of sales during a year. It is derived by dividing the total cost of
sales for the year by 365.
Cost of sales is the cost involved in manufacturing and selling of goods during a year. It includes the direct cost
attributable to the production of goods that are sold by a company and other indirect expenses such as selling &
distribution cost. Cost of sales, however, excludes the net increase in inventories during the year, as the cost pertains
only to goods that are sold.
Cost of sales is derived as follows:
Rawmaterial, stores&spares+power, f uel&watercharges+packagingandpackingcharges+compensationtoemployees
purchaseof f inishedgoods+royalties&technicalknowhow+rentandleaserent+repairs&maintenance+
insurancepremiumpaid+outsourcedprof essionaljobs+selling&distributionexpenses+travelexpenses+
communicationexpenses+printing&stationery+othermiscellaneousexpenses+outsourcedmanuf acturingjobs+
research&developmentexpenses+environment&pollutioncontrolrelatedexpenses+otheroperationalexpensesof indu
otheroperationalexpensesof nonf inancialservicescompanies+depreciation+indirecttaxes−changeinstockof f inishe
changeinstockof workinprogress&semi − f inishedgoods
Cost of sales per day is derived as:
costof sales/365

T OTAL DIVIDEND AS % OF PAT 921

Indicator : Total dividend as % of PAT
Field : total_div_pc_pat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

922 E MPLOYEE COMPENSATION & TRAVEL

Indicator : Employee compensation & travel
Field : emp_compens_n_travel
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is the sum of two data fields that are captured separately, namely ’compensation to employees’ and
’travel expenses’. This combination is used as the denominator in the computation of a ratio FBT/compensation
to employees & travel expenses. FBT refers to fringe benefit taxes, which were imposed between April 2005
to March 2009 on certain types of compensation paid to employees on entertainment expenses, a part of travel
expenses, canteen services, etc. provided to employees.

C OMPENSATION PER ’000 EMPLOYEES 923

Indicator : Compensation per ’000 employees
Field : compensation_to_employees_no_of_employees
Data Type : Number
Description:
The ratio ’compensation per employee’ is available only for those companies that disclose the number of employees
they have.
Less than ten per cent of the companies provide information on the number of employees on their payroll, since this
disclosure is not mandatory. Public sector companies, however, always provide this information. Large IT-sector
companies and banks also disclose this information. Large companies are more likely to provide such information.
Usually, if a company discloses the number of employees it has, then it does so for all years. This enables some
analysis of the trend in employment and the various ratios derived therefrom.
With Indian companies increasing their presence in other countries as well, the entire workforce engaged by an
Indian company need not necessarily be based in India. They could be anywhere in the world.
Since the disclosure on employment is not mandatory, there are no guidelines and therefore no standards regarding
this disclosure. Different companies follow varying definitions of the term ’employment’. Some companies only
provide the total employment in all group companies, some only for consolidated accounts and others disclose em-
ployment in standalone companies also. Often, they do not disclose the coverage. This can be inferred sometimes
from the way the information is made available. CMIE captures information as is made available in the company’s
Annual Report.
Compensation per employee is the ratio of a variable (compensation to employees) whose unit of measurement
is decided by the user’s individual settings and another variable (number of employees) that is stored in thousand
numbers. To compute the ratio correctly, the variable compensation to employees is converted into thousands. This
is done in two steps. First the variable is converted into absolute values by multiplying it by a function currval. The
function currval converts the variable compensation to employees from its selected units (such as million, crore,
etc) into absolute values. Next, this value is divided by 1000.
Thus, the formula to compute compensation per employee is
((compensation to employees * currval)/1000)/employees.

924 I NCOME PER ’000 EMPLOYEES

Indicator : Income per ’000 employees
Field : total_income_no_of_employees
Data Type : Number
Description:
The ratio ’income per employee’ is available only for those companies that disclose the number of employees they
have.
Less than ten per cent of the companies provide information on the number of employees they have, since this
companies and banks also disclose this information. Large companies are more likely to disclose such information.
analysis of the trend in employment and the various ratios based on the same.
With Indian companies increasing their presence in other countries as well, the entire workforce engaged by an
Indian company need not necessarily be based in India. They could be anywhere in the world.
this disclosure. Different companies followvarying definitions of the term ’employment’. Some companies only
provide the total employment in all group companies, some only disclose information pertaining to consolidated
accounts and others disclose employment in standalone companies also. Often, companies do not disclose the cov-
erage. This can be inferred sometimes from the way the information is made available. CMIE captures information
as is made available in companies’ Annual Reports.
’Income per employee’ is the ratio of a variable (total income) whose unit of measurement is decided by the user’s
individual settings and another variable (employees) that is stored in thousand numbers. To compute the ratio
correctly, the variable total income is converted into thousands. This is done in two steps. First the variable is
converted into absolute values by multiplying it by a function currval. The function currval converts the variable
total income from its selected units (such as million, crore, etc) into absolute values. Next, this value is divided by
1000.
Thus, the formula to compute total income per employee is
((total income * currval)/1000)/employees

B USINESS PER ’000 EMPLOYEES 925

Indicator : Business per ’000 employees
Field : deposits_n_advances_no_of_employees
Data Type : Number
Description:
The ratio business per employee is applicable only to banks and NBFCs that accept deposits and extend advances.
The term ’business’ used in this context is the sum of deposits and loans & advances. The ratio is computed only
for those companies that disclose the number of employees they have.
It is not mandatory for companies to disclose the number of persons they employ. But, most large banks do disclose
this information. Large NBFCs also disclose this information.
Business per employee is the ratio of the sum of two variables (deposits and loans & advances) whose unit of mea-
surement are decided by the user’s individual settings and another variable (employees) that is stored in thousand
numbers. To compute the ratio correctly, the numerator is converted into thousands. This is done in two steps.
First, the numerator (which is the sum of two variables – deposits and loans & advances) is converted into absolute
values by multiplying it by a function currval. The function currval converts the numerator from its selected units
(such as million, crore, etc) into absolute values. Next, this value is divided by 1000.
Thus, the formula to compute business per employee is
(((deposits+loans and advances)*currval)/1000)/employees

926 PBDITA PER ’000 EMPLOYEES

Indicator : PBDITA per ’000 employees
Field : pbdita_no_of_employees
Data Type : Number
Description:
PBDITA is profits before depreciation, interest, tax and amortisation. This is the same as EBITDA or EBDITA
where profits (P) is renamed as earnings (E) and the rest of the letters carry the same meaning.
The ratio PBDITA per employee is available only for those companies that disclose the number of employees they
have.
companies and banks also disclose this information. Large companies are more likely to report such information.
Usually, if a company discloses the strength of its workforce, then it does so for all years. This enables some
With Indian companies increasing their footprint globally, the entire workforce engaged by a company need not
necessarily be based in India. They could be anywhere in the world.
this disclosure. Different companies follow different definitions of employment. Some companies only provide the
total employment in all group companies, some for only consolidated accounts and others disclose employment in
standalone companies also. Often, it does not disclose the coverage. This can be inferred sometimes from the way
the information is made available. CMIE captures the information as is made available in Annual Reports.
PBDITA per employee is the ratio of a variable (PBDITA) whose unit of measurement is decided by the user’s
individual settings and another variable (employees) that is stored in thousand numbers. To compute the ratio
correctly, the variable PBDITA is converted into thousands. This is done in two steps. First the variable is converted
into absolute values by multiplying it by a function currval. The function currval converts the variable PBDITA
from its selected units (such as million, crore, etc) into absolute values. Next, this value is divided by 1000.
Thus, the formula to compute PBDITA per employee is
((PBDITA * currval)/1000)/employees

PBT PER ’000 EMPLOYEES 927

Indicator : PBT per ’000 employees
Field : pbt_no_of_employees
Data Type : Number
Description:
PBT is profits before direct taxes. The ratio PBT per employee is available only for those companies that disclose
the number of employees they have.
Less than ten per cent of the companies provide information on the number of employees they have. This disclosure
is not mandatory. Public sector companies always provide this information. Large IT-sector companies and banks
also disclose this information. Large companies are more likey than others to furnish such information.
With Indian companies increasing their footprint globally, the number of employees engaged by a company does
not necessarily mean those based in India. They could be anywhere in the world.
the information is made available. CMIE takes the information as is available in the Annual Report of the company.
PBT per employee is the ratio of a variable (PBT) whose unit of measurement is decided by the user’s individual
settings and another variable (employees) that is stored in thousand numbers. To compute the ratio correctly, the
variable PBT is converted into thousands. This is done in two steps. First the variable is converted into absolute
values by multiplying it by a function currval. The function currval converts the variable PBT from its selected
units (such as million, crore, etc) into absolute values. Next, this value is divided by 1000.
Thus, the formula to compute PBT per employee is
((PBT * currval)/1000)/employees

928 PAT PER ’000 EMPLOYEES

Indicator : PAT per ’000 employees
Field : pat_no_of_employees
Data Type : Number
Description:
PAT is profits after taxes. The ratio PAT per employee is available only for those companies that disclose the
number of employees they have.
disclosure is not mandatory. Public sector companies, however, always provide this information. Large IT compa-
nies and banks also disclose this information. Many others also do provide such information. Large companies are
more likely than others to report such data.
With Indian companies increasing their footprint globally, the number of employees engaged by a company need
not necessarily be restricted to Indian shores. They could be anywhere in the world.
the information is made available. CMIE takes the information as is available in the Annual Reports.
PAT per employee is the ratio of a variable (PAT) whose unit of measurement is decided by the user’s individual
settings and another variable (employees) that is stored in thousand numbers. To compute the ratio correctly, the
variable PAT is converted into thousands. This is done in two steps. First the variable is converted into absolute
values by multiplying it by a function currval. The function currval converts the variable PAT from its selected
units (such as million, crore, etc) into absolute values. Next, this value is divided by 1000.
Thus, the formula to compute PAT per employee is
((PAT * currval)/1000)/employees

ESOP EXPENSES / C OMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES 929

Indicator : ESOP expenses / Compensation to employees
Field : esop_compensation_to_employees
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
The Securities and Exchange Board of India issued guidelines pertaining to Employees Stock Option Plans (ESOPs)
in 1999. The concept of ESOPs was introduced in order to reward and motivate employees for commitment and
hard work. SEBI defines ESOP as an option given to whole-time directors, officers or employees offering them the
benefit of/right to purchase or subscribe to, at a future date, securities offered by the company at a predetermined
price.
Not many companies offer ESOPs to their employees. ESOPs do not have a big share in the total compensation to
employees.
The value of ESOPs in a year is the value of the ESOPs granted by the company and amortised during the year. It
is not the value of the ESOPs exercised during a year.
This ratio is computed only in those cases where the company has disclosed the data for ESOPs during a year.

930 S TAFF WELFARE & TRAINING / COMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES

Indicator : Staff welfare & training / compensation to employees
Field : staff_welfare_training_exp_compens_to_empl
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
Staff welfare expenses can be simply defined as those apart from salary, which result in benefits for employees.
They include group benefits like direct expenditure on maternity, creches, canteen facilities, educational, cultural
recreational facilities, etc. Training expenses can be defined as those incurred on training and educating employees
in preparation for jobs that they have been hired for. It is essential for equipping employees with modern techniques,
tools, skill sets and strategies, as required for their jobs. Staff welfare schemes and training programs are usually
expected to play an important role in both, employee productivity and retention.
Large companies provide a number of facilities to their employees. These range from medical facilities to can-
teen and and transport services. Companies also spend significant portions on training the employees. This is
particularly important in large legacy companies.
Medium and small companies also do invest in these facilities, although these companies could face economies of
scale problems in providing such services.
It is useful to see the expenditure that companies make on staff welfare and training as a proportion of their total
compensation to employees. This ratio serves as a yardstick for such an analysis.

D IRECTORS ’ REMUNERATION / COMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES 931

Indicator : Directors’ remuneration / compensation to employees
Field : directors_remun_fees_compensation_to_employees
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
There are two kinds of directors on listed and several unlisted companies - executive directors who run the company
and non-executive directors who are not engaged in the day-to-day running of the company.
Executive directors are employees of the company and are paid a compensation which is reflected in the company’s
total wage bill. In Prowess this is included in the data field compensation to employees. However, there is an
interest in knowing that part of the total compensation to employees that is paid to directors apart from full-time
or executive directors. This is captured in Prowess in the data field ’non-executive directors remuneration’. This
information is available in the Governance Report of listed companies. It is not available for all companies. So, the
capturing of this information is limited mostly to listed companies.
Non-executive directors are not employees of the company. Their compensation is mostly in the form of sitting
fees. This is not a part of the compensation to employees. It is a separate data field.
The data field ’All directors remuneration/compensation to employees’ includes a component that is a part of the
compensation to employees and another that is not. But the ratio provides a useful insight into the amounts that
go to the directors of the company compared to the overall compensation to labour. However, the ratio’s utility is
limited by the lack of sufficient disclosures by companies.

932 VRS / COMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES

Indicator : VRS / compensation to employees
Field : vrs_compensation_to_employees
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
VRS, or voluntary retirement scheme for employees can be accounted for in two ways – by amortising the total
VRS budget over a few years or by charging the entire amount to the profit and loss account in the year in which
the VRS is offered. Different companies deal with this differently and there are variations in the way companies
deal with this over time as well. Prowess captures both kinds of VRS payments separately.
The data field VRS amortised & payments is the sum of both these. Thus, all VRS payments made by the company
during the year are captured by this data field.
The ratio of VRS expenses to compensation to employees is computed for only those companies that disclose VRS
payments, if any made during the year.

T OTAL INTEREST EXPENSES 933

Indicator : Total interest expenses
Field : total_interest_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is one of the fields forming part of the list of interest related indicators captured by Prowess. It
measures the total cost of borrowed funds and the cost of raising borrowings of a company. It includes interest
paid on both, long term as well as short term funds, financial charges paid to raise resources through financial
instruments such as premium on redemption of debentures and discounts on commercial paper, etc., and expenses
incurred by the company to raise deposits and debts.
This data field covers the total cost incurred by a company on its borrowed funds. It is therefore used in the
measurement of interest incidence, which is essentially the average cost of borrowing for companies.
Bill discounting charges are paid when bills receivables are liquidated to provide cash. They are not included in
this calculation, since it does not involve the raising of any funds.
Several other expenses related to financial services are excluded. These are fee-based expenses such as bank
charges and guarantee charges, treasury operation expenses and losses on joint ventures, subsidiaries, etc. These
are excluded because none of these relate to raising borrowings. However, besides interest paid on borrowings, this
expression includes expenses incurred to raise resources and expenses on financial instruments such as discounts on
commercial paper, or premium on debenture redemptions are included because these relate to raising borrowings.
The indicator also includes interest capitalised and interest transferred to deferred revenue expenditures (DRE).
These expenses are excluded from the computation of interest expenses while making a record in the profit & loss
account, since they are capitalised and amortised. However, they are included in this data field because they arise
in the course of raising of funds by a company. Also, since this value is used to arrive at the interest incidence ratio,
it would not be correct to exclude these values while on the other hand, the company’s outstanding borrowings
include the corresponding loans.

934 T OTAL INTEREST EXPENSES INCLUDING BILL DISCOUNTING CHARGES

Indicator : Total interest expenses including bill discounting charges
Field : fund_based_financial_charges
Data Type : Number
Description:
Fund based financial services expenses includes all kinds of expenses that a company incurs to obtain financial
resources. Although it includes cost of funds and all the costs involved in raising funds, it is not confined to funds
raised through borrowings.
The expression ’total interest expenses including bill discounting charges’ also includes some expenses that are not
conventionally ’cost of funds’ or ’cost of raising funds’, although they are expenses for financial services. This
includes expenses on treasury operations, loss on securitisation of assets and loans, lease equalisation adjustment
charges and the share of loss in partnerships, subsidiaries, joint ventures and other enterprises.
The expression ’total interest expenses’ excludes these and thereby serves as a better indicator of cost of funds and
cost of raising funds. Bill discounting charges are not considered as cost of borrowings because it is paid to convert
an asset (bills receivables) into cash. Since no borrowing is involved, there is no interest cost. Bill discounting is
more in the mould of a liquidity charge, i.e. a charge for liquidating an asset.
The expression ’total interest expenses including bill discounting charges’ is a useful expression to measure the cost
of raising resources by borrowing or by liquidating current assets like bills of exchange. It is used as a denominator
in the ratio used to compute a company’s interest cover.

I NTEREST SPREAD OF BANKS 935

Indicator : Interest spread of banks
Field : net_interest_margin_pc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is relevant to banks only. It stores the computed value of a bank’s interest spread. It measures the
difference between the interest that banks earn on the advances they make and the interest they pay on the deposits
they accept. In other words, this indicator measures the difference between the average lending rate and the average
borrowing rate for a bank.
Banks systematically raise deposits and make advances and therefore the computation of the interest spread is
straight-forward. Prowess’ formula for interest spread is as follows:
(((100 * (int_inc_bank_adv / ((fin_serv_co_loans_adv + prevy(fin_serv_co_loans_adv)) / 2))) - (100*(int_exp_deposits
/ ((deposits_commercial_banks + prevy(deposits_commercial_banks)) / 2)))))

936 I NTEREST COVER ( TIMES )

Indicator : Interest cover (times)
Field : interest_cover
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
The interest coverage ratio is an indicator that serves as a measure of the adequacy of a company’s profits to meet
its interest payments. In other words, it measures the comfort with which a company can service its debt. There is
no benchmark of an ideal interest coverage ratio that can be applied universally, since it depends on the nature of
a company and the stability of its earnings. Nevertheless, the higher the interest coverage, the less burdensome a
company is likely to find it to service its debt.
Interest cover indicates a safety margin that a company has in terms of being able to meet its interest obligations.
A high interest cover ratio indicates that the business is easily able to meet its interest obligations from its earnings.
On the other hand, a low interest cover means that the business is likely to default in its interest obligations.
The indicator is expressed in terms of the number of times a company’s earnings (before interest and taxes) could
be used to make interest payments on its debt. It is a measure of how many times a company’s profit (before interest
and tax) covers its interest payout.
The interest coverage ratio also indicates the scope for additional borrowings by the company. A high interest
coverage ratio means the company can afford to take more debt on its books.
There is no such thing as an ideal interest coverage ratio. An ideal ratio would depend on the level of indebtedness
of any given company. It would also depend on the volatility of earnings of a company. Nevertheless, a company
can be said to be comfortably placed in this context if its interest coverage ratio stands at at least four times. In
such a case, even if the company is significantly indebted, it still leaves room for borrowing additional funds in case
of an emergency. In case the debt is for capital expenditure such as capacity expansion or capacity addition, the
company will still have room for servicing additional borrowings for the increased working capital requirement.
If the company’s earnings are relatively stable, even a lower interest cover of 3 times would be good enough. If,
however, the earnings of a company are volatile in nature, the ratio may need to be higher than four times.
Most analysts merely add back tax and interest to net profit for calculating the interest coverage ratio. This is not
enough. It is possible that the company earned a significant amount of income from extraordinary transactions
such as sale of assets or investments. Income from such transactions cannot be considered while evaluating the
debt-servicing ability of the company. This is because such income is not regular in nature, it is not earned every
year. Similarly, prior period income such as provisions written back is also considered while computing net profit.
Such income should also be excluded.
In this ratio, interest is synonymous with the cost of borrowing. It therefore not only includes interest capitalised
and interest transferred to DRE (deferred revenue expenditure) but also includes premium on redemption of debt
instruments, expenses incurred on raising debt and discounts on the issue of debt instruments.
The formula for interest cover or the interest coverage ratio is as follows:
((pat + prov_direct_tax + interest_exp + fin_charges_instru + oth_fin_charges_debt_instru + bill_discounting_charge
+ int_capitalised + int_trf_to_dre - prior_period_extra_ordi_inc + prior_period_extra_ordi_exp)/((interest_exp +
fin_charges_instru + oth_fin_charges_debt_instru + bill_discounting_charge + int_capitalised + int_trf_to_dre))

I NTEREST INCIDENCE (%) 937

Indicator : Interest incidence (%)
Field : total_interest_exp_pc_avg_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the computed value of a company’s interest incidence. The interest incidence ratio is an
indicator that is expressed as a ratio of a company’s interest costs to its borrowings. It serves as an indicator of the
effective cost of borrowing of a company by measuring interest paid during the year as a percentage of borrowings.
The interest incidence ratio is the closest that an analyst can get to the average interest rate at which the company
may have borrowed during the year. It is arrived at by dividing interest paid during the year by the average value of
borrowings in the company’s books and multiplying it by 100. This indicator is measured in terms of a percentage
(
The numerator of this ratio includes not just interest paid by a company on borrowed funds, but also includes
expenses directly incurred by it while raising those funds.
Such expenses include premium paid on redemption or discount given on issue of financial instruments. Premium
paid on redemption is effectively the cost of borrowing those funds through the issue of that instrument. It can be
compared to interest paid at the end of the tenure of debt. If this is not included in the ratio’s numerator, it will
affect inter-firm and inter-period comparison of average cost of borrowing of funds. For example, Tata Motors
raised Rs.4,200 crore in May 2009 by issuing non-convertible debentures at a coupon rate of 2 per cent. The
debentures were redeemable at a premium. It would be incorrect to assume the cost of these funds for Tata Motors
to be only 2 per cent.
Similarly, when a discount is given while raising funds via an issue of a financial instrument such as a commercial
paper, such a discount is the cost of borrowing those funds. It can be compared to interest paid in advance, or the
present value of interest payable over a period of time. Any other charges incurred in servicing borrowed funds and
so disclosed by the company are also included in the computation of this ratio.
Interest capitalised is also included in the computation of the interest incidence ratio. It is not charged to the profit
and loss account, and is instead added to the cost of the asset. On the other hand, a company’s total borrowings
includes funds borrowed for financing such a capital expenditure. Since this interest represents the cost of such
borrowing, it is justified to consider interest capitalised while computing the interest incidence ratio.
Just as interest capitalised is included in the computation of the interest incidence ratio, so is interest transferred to
DRE (deferred revenue expenditure). This is because while the interest expenses have been capitalised and will be
amortised, the company’s borrowings will remain inflated. In such a case, not considering interest transferred to
DRE will result in a lower interest incidence. Hence, it is included in the ratio’s numerator.
Expenses incurred on raising funds are also included in the computation of this ratio. These include loan processing
fees, expenses for offer document, discount on debentures, debenture issue expenses, filing fees paid to authorities,
legal charges and brokerage paid, amongst others. The ratio is intended to reflect average cost of borrowing of
funds by the company, and not merely pure interest expenses as a percentage of borrowed funds.
The denominator of the ratio is an average of the outstanding borrowing at the beginning of the year and outstanding
borrowing at the end of the year. This average is a better indicator of the outstanding borrowing of a company at
any point of time during the year.

938 I NTEREST INCIDENCE (%)
The formula for interest incidence is as follows: (100*((interest_exp + fin_charges_instru + exp_raising_deposits_debts

+ int_capitalised + int_trf_to_dre)/((borrowings + prevy(borrowings))/2)))

I NTEREST EXP ON DEPOSITS AS % OF DEPOSITS 939

Indicator : Interest exp on deposits as % of deposits
Field : int_exp_deposits_pc_avg_deposits_comm_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is relevant to commercial banks. It stores the computed value of a commercial bank’s interest
expenses incurred on deposits it has raised as a percentage of the average value of deposits on its books. It is a
simplistic indicator of the interest incidence ratio on deposits raised by a banking company.

940 I NTEREST INC ON ADVANCES AS % OF LOANS AND ADVANCES

Indicator : Interest inc on advances as % of loans and advances
Field : int_inc_bank_adv_pc_avg_loan_advance_nbfcs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is relevant to banking companies and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). It stores the com-
puted value of a bank’s or an NBFC’s interest income earned on advances as a percentage of its average loans and
advances. It serves as a simplistic indicator of the average rate of interest income earned by a bank or an NBFC
from the loans and advances it has given to its customers. The value of average loans and advances is computed by
taking an average of the outstanding value of loans and advances during the current year and the year preceding it.
The formula for this indicator is as follows:-
((100*(int_inc_bank_adv / ((fin_serv_co_loans_adv + prevy(fin_serv_co_loans_adv))/2))))

I NTEREST EXPENSES AS % OF AVG BORROWINGS & DEPOSITS 941

Indicator : Interest expenses as % of avg borrowings & deposits
Field : int_exp_pc_avg_borr_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

942 N ET INTEREST AS % OF INTEREST INCOME

Indicator : Net interest as % of interest income
Field : net_int_pc_int_inc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data-field is mostly relevant to banks and nbfc’s. It stores the computed value of net interest income as a
percentage of the total interest income.
The formula for this indicator is as follows:
(100 * ((Interest income - Interest expense)) / (Interest income))

I NTEREST ON LONG TERM FUNDS 943

Indicator : Interest on long term funds
Field : int_on_long_term_funds
Data Type : Number

944 S HORT TERM INT EXP AS % OF AVG SHORT TERM BORROWINGS

Indicator : Short term int exp as % of avg short term borrowings
Field : int_exp_st_pc_avg_st_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

L ONG TERM INT EXP AS % OF AVG LONG TERM BORROWINGS 945

Indicator : Long term int exp as % of avg long term borrowings
Field : int_exp_lt_pc_avg_lt_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

946 S ELLING & DIST EXP AS % OF OP EXP OF FINANCE COS

Indicator : Selling & dist exp as % of op exp of finance cos
Field : selling_distribution_exp_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the selling and distribution expenses with the operating expenses of finance compa-
nies.
It expresses selling and distribution expenses as a percentage of the total operating expenses of a finance company.

S ELLING & DIST EXP AS % OF INCOME FROM FINANCIAL SERVICES 947

Indicator : Selling & dist exp as % of income from financial services
Field : selling_distribution_exp_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the selling and distribution expenses with the income from financial services of
finance companies.
It expresses selling and distribution expenses as a percentage of the income from financial services of a finance
company.

948 S ELLING & DIST EXP AS % OF NON - FINANCE COS OPERATING EXPENSES

Indicator : Selling & dist exp as % of non-finance cos operating expenses
Field : selling_distribution_exp_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the selling and distribution expenses with the operating expenses of non-finance
companies.
It expresses selling and distribution expenses as a percentage of the total operating expenses of a non-finance
company.

S ELLING & DIST EXP AS % OF SALES & CHANGE IN STOCK 949

Indicator : Selling & dist exp as % of sales & change in stock
Field : selling_distribution_exp_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the selling and distribution expenses with the sum of sales and change in stock of
non-finance companies.
It expresses selling and distribution expenses as a percentage of the sum of sales and change in stock of a non-
finance company.
The formula to calculate this ratio is follows:
((Total expenses - Financial services expenses - Non-cash charges - Prior period and extra-ordinary expenses -
Provision for direct tax) / (Sales + Change in stock) * 100)

950 T OTAL TAXES

Indicator : Total taxes
Field : exp_total_taxes
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is the sum of all kinds of taxes paid by the company, whether direct or indirect taxes. It also includes
license fees such as those paid by telecom companies and prior period taxes paid by a company during a year.
Direct taxes include corporate tax, wealth tax, agricultural tax, fringe benefit tax, miscellaneous taxes and dividend
taxes. Indirect taxes include excise duty, sales tax, value added taxes (VAT), turnover tax, registration fees and
stamp duties, contributions by petroleum companies to the oil pool account and steel companies to the joint plant
committee, interest taxes paid by banks, service taxes, mining cess and miscellaneous taxes.
An important exclusion is customs duties paid by the company for imports. Customs duties paid are included in
the raw material expenses. These are not available separately and are therefore excluded. As a result, there is an
underestimation in the computation of the total taxes paid by a company, since a large proportion of companies pay
customs duties.

D IRECT TAXES ( INCL MAT & DEF TAX PAID ) 951

Indicator : Direct taxes (incl MAT & def tax paid)
Field : direct_taxes_incl_mat_n_def_tax
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field is the sum of all kinds of direct taxes paid by the company. This field also includes ’minimum
alternate tax’ and ’deferred tax paid’.

952 T OTAL TAXES / TOTAL INCOME

Indicator : Total taxes / total income
Field : exp_total_taxes_pc_total_inc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the ratio of total taxes paid or provided for (i.e. all direct and indirect taxes, including prior
period taxes and license fees paid) to the total income of the company. The ratio is expressed in percentage term.
In a way it serves as an indicator of the total tax liability arising from a company’s income.

T OTAL INDIRECT TAXES / TOTAL INCOME 953

Indicator : Total indirect taxes / total income
Field : indirect_taxes_pc_total_inc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the ratio of all indirect taxes paid by a company to its total income. The ratio is expressed in
percentage terms.
Indirect taxes include excise duty, sales tax, value added tax (VAT), rates & taxes, turnover tax, registration fees
and stamp duties, contributions by petroleum companies to the oil pool account and steel companies to the joint
plant committee, interest taxes paid by banks, service taxes, mining cess and miscellaneous taxes.
A very conspicious exclusion is customs duties paid by the company for imports. Customs duties paid are included
in the raw material expenses. These are not available separately and are therefore excluded. This results in an
underestimation of indirect taxes paid by a company since a large proportion of companies pay customs duties.
Consequently, this exclusion results in an undervaluation of the ratio of indirect taxes to total income.

954 E XCISE / INDUSTRIAL SALES

Indicator : Excise / industrial sales
Field : excise_duty_pc_industrial_sales
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a company’s excise duty payments to its industrial sales. Since
excise duty is usually levied on production (of industrial goods) and since production is reflected closely in the
industrial sales of companies, this ratio indicates the incidence of excise duty on the production of industrial goods.
The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

T OTAL DIRECT TAXES / TOTAL INCOME 955

Indicator : Total direct taxes / total income
Field : direct_taxes_incl_mat_n_def_tax_total_income
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of all direct taxes paid, including minimum alternate tax and deferred
tax payments to the total income of the company. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.
Direct taxes include corporate tax, wealth tax, agricultural tax, fringe benefit tax, other miscellaneous taxes and
dividend tax.

956 C ORPORATE TAX / PBT

Indicator : Corporate tax / PBT
Field : corporate_tax_pc_pbt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the value of a company’s corporate tax payments as a percentage of its profits
before tax. This data field, therefore, indicates the effective corporate tax incidence of a company.
A company may pay corporate taxes even when it does not make profits. This is because of the minimum alternate
tax (MAT), which requires a company to at least pay taxes on its book profits.
The ratio is computed even when the profits before tax is negative, i.e. even when the company makes losses. In
such a case, the ratio appears with a negative sign. The value in such a case indicates the corporate taxes paid by
the company as a per cent of the losses made.

FBT / COMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES & TRAVEL EXP 957

Indicator : FBT / compensation to employees & travel exp
Field : fringe_benefits_tax_pc_emp_compens_n_travel
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the ratio of a companies’ fringe benefit tax (FBT) payments to the sum of compensation to
employees and the expenditure by companies on employees’ travel.
The fringe benefit tax was implemented between April 2005 and March 2009. It was levied on expenses that a
company bore on behalf of its employees that are in the nature of benefits to its employees. These include expenses
on medical facilities, canteen, travel, etc. FBT was abolished in June 2009.

958 P RIOR PERIOD DIRECT TAXES / TOTAL INCOME

Indicator : Prior period direct taxes / total income
Field : prior_period_taxes_pc_total_inc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of prior period direct taxes to the total income of the company. The
ratio is expressed in percentage terms.
’Prior period direct taxes’ are taxes reported by the company during the current year but which pertain to income
of a prior year. This could happen if the company had under-reported tax in a previous year or if it had under-
estimated its tax liability in a previous year and these are being reported in the current year’s income and expenditure
statement. Prior period dividend tax also forms part of prior period direct taxes.

O PERATING EXPENSES OF NON - FINANCE COS AS % OF TOTAL EXPENSES 959

Indicator : Operating expenses of non-finance cos as % of total expenses
Field : nf_oper_exp_pc_total_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
The total expenses of a company can be divided into five broad components. These are operating expenses, financial
charges, non-cash charges, prior period and extra-ordinary expenses and provision for direct taxes. The indicator
"operating expenses as a percentage of total expenses" is one of the ratios used to study the broad distribution
of a company’s total expenses. This data field expresses the operating expenses of a non-finance company as a
percentage of its total expenses.
Operating expenses refers to those expenses that are related to running the operations of any business. It excludes
non-cash expenses and direct taxes. Effectively, operating expenses includes all current expenses of the profit and
loss financial statements except those that relate to financial services and those that relate to non-cash charges, and
it excludes direct tax provisions. Accounting Standard 3 issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
defines operating activities as "the principal revenue-producing activities of the enterprise and other activities that
are not investing or financing activities".
Operating expenses is a term that is more applicable to an industrial company than a services sector company. Raw
material and energy are the traditional large operational expenses. The services sector is heterogenous and each
has a different structure of operating expenses.
term operating expenses, with respect to non-financial companies. It draws upon the ICAI’s definition of operating
activities and is thus derived as follows:
Total expenses - Financial services - Provisions - Depreciation - Amortisation - Write offs - Prior period and extra-
ordinary expenses - Provision for taxation.
Financial services companies such as banks need a modified definition of operating expenses. Financial services
expenses are the most significant operational expenses for a financial services company. Thus, Praxis defines
operating expenses of financial services without excluding financial services from total expenses as it does for
non-finance companies. It is therefore defined as:
Total expenses - Provisions - Depreciation - Amortisation - Write offs - Prior period & extra-ordinary expenses -
Provision for taxation.

960 O PERATING EXPENSES OF FINANCE COS AS % OF TOTAL EXPENSES

Indicator : Operating expenses of finance cos as % of total expenses
Field : f_oper_exp_pc_total_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
The total expenses of a finance company can be divided into four broad components - operating expenses, non-
cash charges, prior period and extra-ordinary expenses and direct taxes. This ratio is used to examine this broad
distribution. It expresses operating expenses as a per cent of the total expenses of a finance company.

F INANCIAL CHARGES AS % OF TOTAL EXPENSES 961

Indicator : Financial charges as % of total expenses
Field : fin_serv_exp_pc_total_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
A company’s expenses can be divided into five broad components. These are operating expenses, financial charges,
non-cash charges, prior period & extra-ordinary expenses and provision for direct taxes. This data field computes
and stores the ratio of a company’s financial services expenses of a non-finance company to its total expenses. It is
one of the ratios used to study the broad distribution of total expenses of a company.
Financial services expenses include the following three broad categories of expenses:-
1. Fee-based based financial expenses. These include expenses incurred on services such as bank guarantees,
that help the company gain access to funds, yet do not actually lead to an increase in borrowings. It also in-
cludes expenses on other non-fund based financial services such as bank charges, demat charges, syndication
fees, etc.
2. Fund-based financial expenses. These are essentially interest costs incurred on funds raised via borrowings or
deposits. It also includes financial charges (such as premiums or discounts) paid on debt instruments raised
and fees paid to intermediaries for raising funds.
3. Treasury operations expenses. These are losses arising from securities transactions or revaluation of invest-
ments.
The ratio stored in this data field serves as an indicator of how much of a company’s total expenses arise due to
financial services and the use of borrowed funds.

962 P ROVISIONS AS % OF TOTAL EXPENSES

Indicator : Provisions as % of total expenses
Field : total_provisions_pc_total_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
The ratio captured in this data field expresses the total provisions of a non-finance company as a percentage of its
total expenses. Thereby, it serves as an indicator of how much of the total expenses booked by a company involve
the creation of a provision drawn from the company’s accumulated reserves for possible future liabilities.
A provision is an amount set aside for probable, yet uncertain, economic obligations of an enterprise. It is an
amount set aside from a company’s accumulated profits to cover a future liability.

N ON - CASH CHARGES AS % OF TOTAL EXPENSES 963

Indicator : Non-cash charges as % of total expenses
Field : non_cash_charges_pc_total_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
A company’s total expenses can be divided into five broad categories, namely operating expenses, financial charges,
non-cash charges, prior period & extra-ordinary expenses and provision for direct taxes.
The ratio computed in this data field expresses a company’s non-cash charges as a percentage of its total expenses.
It serves as an indicator of how much of a company’s expenses are non-cash in nature.
Depreciation, amortisation, provisions and write-offs are the most common examples of non-cash charges. Each of
these are accounting entries made that reduce the profits of the company, but they do not cause any cash outgo.

964 P RIOR PERIOD AND EXTRA - ORDINARY EXPENSES AS % OF TOTAL EXPENSES

Indicator : Prior period and extra-ordinary expenses as % of total expenses
Field : prior_period_extra_ordi_exp_pc_total_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
A company’s total expenses can be divided into five broad categories, namely operating expenses, financial charges,
non-cash charges, prior period & extra-ordinary expenses and provision for direct taxes.
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a company’s prior-period & extraordinary expenses to its total
expenses. It serves as an indicator of how much of a company’s expenses are actually relevant to prior periods or
are non-recurring in nature.
Prior-period expenses are all those expenses which arise in the current period but pertain to prior periods, irre-
spective of whether or not this is because of errors or omissions in the previous periods. Extraordinary expenses
are those expenses that arise from events or transactions that are clearly distinct from the ordinary activities of the
enterprise and, are not expected to recur frequently or regularly, i.e. they are non-recurring in nature.

P ROVISION FOR DIRECT TAX AS % OF TOTAL EXPENSES 965

Indicator : Provision for direct tax as % of total expenses
Field : prov_direct_tax_pc_total_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
A company’s total expenses can be classified into five broad categories. These are operating expenses, financial
charges, non-cash charges, prior period & extra-ordinary expenses and provision for direct taxes.
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a company’s provisions for direct tax to its total expenses. It serves
as an indicator of the extent of a company’s total expenses that are spent on meeting its direct tax liabilities.
Provision for direct tax refers to the provision made by a company to meet its direct tax liabilities. Profits attract
taxes and companies are required to make provisions for the the taxes to be paid according to their own assessment
in the light of the rates prescribed under income tax rules laid down for a particular year. It includes provisions for
all types of taxes, including corporate tax, fringe benefit tax, deferred tax, wealth tax, agriculture income tax and
other direct taxes.

966 N ON FIN COS OPER EXP PC NON FIN COS OPER _ EXP

Indicator : Non fin cos oper exp pc non fin cos oper_exp
Field : nf_oper_exp_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field stores the ratio which is used to examine the cost structure of a non-finance company.
It expresses operating expenses of non-finance company as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance
company.

R AW MATERIALS , STORES & SPARES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 967

Indicator : Raw materials, stores & spares as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : rawmat_stores_spares_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses raw materials, stores and spares as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

968 R AW MATERIAL EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Raw material expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : rawmat_exp_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses raw materials as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

S TORES , SPARES , TOOLS CONSUMED AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 969

Indicator : Stores, spares, tools consumed as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : stores_spares_consumed_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses stores, spares and tools consumed as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

970 P URCHASE OF FINISHED GOODS AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Purchase of finished goods as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : purchase_fg_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses purchase of finished goods as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

PACKAGING AND PACKING EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 971

Indicator : Packaging and packing expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : packaging_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses packaging and packing expenses as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

972 P OWER , FUEL & WATER CHARGES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Power, fuel & water charges as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : power_fuel_water_charges_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses power, fuel and water charges as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

C OMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 973

Indicator : Compensation to employees as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : compensation_to_employees_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses compensation of employees as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

974 I NDIRECT TAXES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Indirect taxes as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : indirect_taxes_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses indirect taxes as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

E XCISE DUTY AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 975

Indicator : Excise duty as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : excise_duty_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses excise duty as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

976 ROYALTIES , TECHNICAL KNOW- HOW FEES , ETC AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Royalties, technical know-how fees, etc as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : royalties_tech_know_how_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses royalties, technical know-how fees as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

R ENT & LEASE RENT AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 977

Indicator : Rent & lease rent as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : rent_and_lease_rent_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses rent and lease rent as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

978 R EPAIRS & MAINTENANCE AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Repairs & maintenance as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : repair_maintenance_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses repairs and maintainence as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

I NSURANCE PREMIUM PAID AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 979

Indicator : Insurance premium paid as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : insurance_premium_paid_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses insurance premium paid as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

980 O UTSOURCED MANUFACTURING JOBS AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Outsourced manufacturing jobs as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : outsourced_mfg_jobs_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses outsourced manufacturing jobs as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

O UTSOURCED PROFESSIONAL JOBS AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 981

Indicator : Outsourced professional jobs as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : outsourced_prof_jobs_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses outsourced professional jobs as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

982 N ON - EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ’ FEES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Non-executive directors’ fees as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : directors_fees_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses non-executive director’s fees as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

A DVERTISING EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 983

Indicator : Advertising expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : advertising_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses advertising expenses as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

984 M ARKETING EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Marketing expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : marketing_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses marketing expenses as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

D ISTRIBUTION EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 985

Indicator : Distribution expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : distribution_exp_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses distribution expenses as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

986 T RAVEL EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Travel expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : travel_exp_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses travel expenses as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

C OMMUNICATIONS EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 987

Indicator : Communications expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : communications_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses communication expenses as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

988 P RINTING & STATIONERY EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Printing & stationery expenses as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : printing_stationery_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses printing and stationary expenses as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

M ISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 989

Indicator : Miscellaneous expenditure as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : misc_exp_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses miscellaneous expenditure as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-finance company.

990 OTHER OPERATIONAL EXP OF INDUSTRIAL ENT AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS

Indicator : Other operational exp of industrial ent as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : oth_op_exp_industrial_cos_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses other operational expenses of industrial enterprises as a percentage of operating expenses of a non-
finance company.

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXP OF NON - FIN SERVICES ENT AS % OF OP EXP OF NON - FIN COS 991

Indicator : Other operational exp of non-fin services ent as % of op exp of non-fin cos
Field : oth_op_exp_non_fin_serv_cos_pc_nf_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
It expresses other operational expenses of non-financial services enterprises as a percentage of operating expenses
of a non-finance company.

992 OP EXP OF FINANCE COS AS % OF OP EXP OF FINANCE COS

Indicator : Op exp of finance cos as % of op exp of finance cos
Field : f_oper_exp_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

R AWMAT STORES SPARES AS % OF OP EXP OF FINANCE COS 993

Indicator : Rawmat stores spares as % of op exp of finance cos
Field : rawmat_stores_spares_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the expenses incurred on raw materials, stores & spares with the operating expenses
of finance companies.
It expresses the expenses incurred on raw materials, stores & spares as a percentage of the total operating expenses
of a finance company.
At standalone level, this ratio may not be relevant for finance companies. But at consolidated level, where a finance
company has non-finance company subsidiary, this becomes relevant.

994 P URCHASE FG AS % OF OP EXP OF FINANCE COS

Indicator : Purchase fg as % of op exp of finance cos
Field : purchase_fg_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the expenses incurred on purchase of finished goods with the operating expenses of
finance companies.
It expresses the purchase of finished goods as a percentage of the total operating expenses of a finance company.
company has non-finance company subsidiary, this ratio becomes relevant.

PACKAGING AS % OF OP EXP OF FINANCE COS 995

Indicator : Packaging as % of op exp of finance cos
Field : packaging_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the packaging and packing expenses with the operating expenses of finance compa-
nies.
It expresses packaging and packing expenses as a percentage of the total operating expenses of a finance company.

996 P OWER FUEL WATER CHARGES AS % OF OP EXP OF FINANCE COS

Indicator : Power fuel water charges as % of op exp of finance cos
Field : power_fuel_water_charges_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the expenses incurred on power, fuel & water charges with the operating expenses of
finance companies.
It expresses the expenses incurred on power, fuel & water charges as a percentage of the total operating expenses

ROYALTIES TECH KNOW HOW AS % OF OP EXP OF FINANCE COS 997

Indicator : Royalties tech know how as % of op exp of finance cos
Field : royalties_tech_know_how_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent

998 O UTSOURCED MFG JOBS AS % OF OP EXP OF FINANCE COS

Indicator : Outsourced mfg jobs as % of op exp of finance cos
Field : outsourced_mfg_jobs_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the expenses incurred on outsourced manufacturing jobs with the operating expenses
of finance companies.
It expresses expenses on outsourced manufacturing jobs as a percentage of the total operating expenses of a finance
company.

OTH OP EXP OF INDL COS AS % OF OP EXP OF FINANCE COS 999

Indicator : Oth op exp of indl cos as % of op exp of finance cos
Field : oth_op_exp_non_fin_serv_cos_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the other operational expenses of industrial enterprise with the income from financial
services of finance companies.
It expresses the other operational expenses of industrial enterprise as a percentage of the income from financial

1000 C OMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Compensation to employees as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : compensation_to_employees_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to examine the cost structure of a finance company.
This is a calculated data field. It expresses compensation to employees as a per cent of the total operating expenses
Compensation to employees includes payments made in cash or kind by a company to or on behalf of all its
employees. It includes salaries, wages, bonus, ex gratia pf, gratuities paid, staff welfare & training expenses,
ESOP, VRS amortised, VRS payments, arrears paid during the year, payments and reimbursement of expenses,
other expenses on employees, compensation to employees capitalised, compensation to employees transferred to
DRE and executive directors’ remuneration.
Operating expenses of finance companies include all the expenses of a finance company excluding provisions,
depreciation, amortisation, write offs, prior period & extra-ordinary expenses and provision for direct tax.

I NDIRECT TAXES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1001

Indicator : Indirect taxes as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : indirect_taxes_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses indirect taxes paid as a per cent of the total operating expenses of a
finance company.
Indirect taxes are levied by the central government, state or local governments on the production of goods or on
services rendered or on the movement of goods or their trading. Indirect taxes include excise duty, sales tax, value
added tax and other indirect taxes.

1002 R ENT & LEASE RENT AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Rent & lease rent as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : rent_and_lease_rent_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses rent & lease rent paid as a per cent of the total operating expenses of a
finance company.
According to accounting standard 19 for leases issued by ICAI, lease is defined as "An agreement whereby the
lessor conveys to the lessee in return for a payment or series of payments the right to use an asset for an agreed
period of time". Lease rent includes finance lease rent and operating lease rent.
Rent is a payment made to the owner of an immovable asset typically, land, premises, etc, for its use.

R EPAIRS & MAINTENANCE AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1003

Indicator : Repairs & maintenance as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : repair_maintenance_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated field. It expresses repairs & maintenance expenses as a per cent of the total operating expenses
Repairs and maintenance expenses refer to expenses towards repair and maintenance of buildings, plant & machin-
ery, vehicles and other assets. These are expenses which are incurred to restore the said assets in or to a state in
which they can perform their required function at intended capacity and efficiency.

1004 I NSURANCE PREMIUM PAID AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Insurance premium paid as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : insurance_premium_paid_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated field. It expresses insurance premium paid as a per cent of the total operating expenses of a
finance company.
Insurance premium is the amount paid by the company on its assets, on goods in transit and on key persons of the
company insured with the insurer.

O UTSOURCED PROFESSIONAL JOBS AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1005

Indicator : Outsourced professional jobs as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : outsourced_prof_jobs_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses expenses towards outsourced professional jobs as a per cent of the total
operating expenses of a finance company.
Outsourced professional jobs expenses are those expenses incurred by a company for getting certain professional
jobs done by another individual/enterprise, instead of getting it done internally. These expenses are broadly classi-
fied as auditors fees, consultancy fees, IT/ITES & other professional services fees.

1006 N ON - EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ’ FEES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Non-executive directors’ fees as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : directors_fees_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses non-executive directors’ fees as a per cent of the total operating expenses
Non-executive directors’ fees include all sitting fees and all other forms of compensation such as commission,
bonuses, etc paid to non-executive directors of the company.

A DVERTISING EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1007

Indicator : Advertising expenses as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : advertising_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses advertising expenses as a per cent of the total operating expenses of a
finance company.
Advertising expenses are the expenses incurred by a finance company on advertising of products/services. These
expenses are largely for promotion of new products/services offered by the company.

1008 M ARKETING EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Marketing expenses as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : marketing_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses marketing expenses as a per cent of the total operating expenses of a
finance company.
Marketing expenses are the expenses incurred by a company for the purpose of marketing or selling its prod-
ucts/services. It includes rebates and discounts given to dealers/ customers, liquidated damages incurred, business
promotion expenses, brokerage and commission paid to selling agents of the company, sales promotion expenses
and expenses on after sales services provided to consumers, market research/ survey expenses, etc.

T RAVEL EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1009

Indicator : Travel expenses as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : travel_exp_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses travel expenses as a per cent of the total operating expenses of a finance
company.
Travel expenses include expenses incurred by the company on domestic as well as foreign travel by the directors,
management or staff. It also includes conveyance, vehicle running and boarding or lodging.

1010 C OMMUNICATIONS EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Communications expenses as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : communications_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses compensation to employees as a per cent of the total operating expenses
Communications expenses includes cost incurred by the company on telephone, telegram, postage, fax, satellite
and internet services.

P RINTING & STATIONERY EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1011

Indicator : Printing & stationery expenses as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : printing_stationery_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses printing & stationery expenses as a per cent of the total operating
expenses of a finance company.
Printing and stationery expenses, as the name suggests, are expenses incurred by a financial services company
towards their printing and stationery requirements.

1012 M ISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Miscellaneous expenditure as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : misc_exp_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses miscellaneous expenditure as a per cent of the total operating expenses
Miscellaneous expenses includes donations, social & community expenses, environment related expenses, sub-
scriptions, research & development expenses and other miscellaneous expenses

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXP OF INDUSTRIAL ENT AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1013

Indicator : Other operational exp of industrial ent as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : oth_op_exp_industrial_cos_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the other operational expenses of industrial enterprise with the operating expenses of
finance companies.
It expresses the other operational expenses of industrial enterprise as a percentage of the total operating expenses

1014 F INANCIAL CHARGES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Financial charges as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : fin_serv_exp_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses financial services expenses as a per cent of the total operating expenses
Financial services expenses include two broad categories of expenses, namely, fee based expenses and fund based
expenses.

F EE BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1015

Indicator : Fee based financial services expenses as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : fee_based_fin_serv_exp_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses fee based financial services expenses as a per cent of the total operating
All the expenses incurred by a company in the form of fees paid for financial services that help raise resources but
do not lead to a rise in borrowings are fee based financial services expenses. It includes bank charges, guarantee
fees, bank commission, loan syndication fees, etc.

1016 BANK CHARGES AND COMMISSION AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Bank charges and commission as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : bank_charges_commission_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses bank charges and bank commission as a per cent of the total operating
Expenses such as cheque dishonoured charges, minimum balance charges, yearly service charges, letter of credit
charges, travellers cheque charges, ATM charge, debit card/credit card charges, demand draft charges, commission
and brokerage on other services provided by banks are termed as bank charges and bank commission. These are
charges paid by companies to banks for the services / facilities provided by the banks.

G UARANTEE FEES AND COMMISSION AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1017

Indicator : Guarantee fees and commission as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : guarantee_fees_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses guarantee fees and commission as a per cent of the total operating
Expenses incurred by a company in the form of fees paid to the banks to issue guarantee on their behalf to third
parties (such as government agencies or other entities) when they enter into a business contract with such third
parties are guarantee fees.

1018 OTHER FEE BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Other fee based financial services expenses as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : oth_fee_based_serv_exp_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses other fee based financial services expenses as a per cent of the total
Fee based financial services expenses other than bank charges and guarantee fees are other fee based financial
services expenses.

F UND BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1019

Indicator : Fund based financial services expenses as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : fund_based_fin_serv_exp_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses fund based financial services expenses as a per cent of the total operating
Expenses incurred in the form of cost of funds and cost of raising funds for the company are fund based financial
services expenses. It includes interest expense, premium/discount on debt instruments, other borrowing costs, bill
discounting charges, treasury operations expenses and other fund based financial services expenses.

1020 I NTEREST PAID AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Interest paid as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : interest_exp_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses interest paid as a per cent of the total operating expenses of a finance
company.
Interest expense comprises of interest payments on all kinds of borrowings. It includes interest paid on short term
borrowings, long term borrowings, trade payables, debentures, deposits, taxes, etc. In the case of banks, it also
includes interest paid on inter-bank borrowings.

F INANCIAL CHARGES ON DEBT INSTRUMENTS AS % OF OP EXP. OF FIN COS 1021

Indicator : Financial charges on debt instruments as % of op exp. of fin cos
Field : fin_charges_instru_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses premium/discount on debt instruments as a per cent of the total operating
The sum total of premium paid on redemption of debentures, premium on pre-payment of debt and discounts on
commercial papers is stored as ‘Premium/Discount on debt instruments’.

1022 B ILL DISCOUNTING CHARGES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Bill discounting charges as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : bill_discounting_charge_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses bill discounting charges as a per cent of the total operating expenses of
a finance company.
Bill discounting charges are paid by companies to banks or other finance companies to discount the bills receivables.
Companies draw a bill of exchange on other companies in the normal course of business. However, if the company
in whose name the bill is drawn is in need of immediate funds, it normally discounts the bills with a bank or with
other finance companies. For providing such a facility, the discounting company charges some commission, which
is known as bill discounting charges or bill discounting commission.

T REASURY OPERATIONS EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1023

Indicator : Treasury operations expenses as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : treasury_operations_exp_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses treasury operations expenses as a per cent of the total operating expenses
Treasury operations expenses are losses incurred by a company during a year on its transactions in securities or
because of fluctuations in exchange rates or because of revaluation of investments.

1024 L OSS ON SECURITIES TRANS & ON SALE OF INVEST AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Loss on securities trans & on sale of invest as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : loss_secur_trans_invest_sales_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses loss on securities transactions and on sale of investments as a per cent
of the total operating expenses of a finance company.

L OSS RELATING TO FOREX TRANSACTIONS AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1025

Indicator : Loss relating to forex transactions as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : loss_forex_trans_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses loss relating to forex transactions as a per cent of the total operating
Losses in rupee terms incurred by a company because of exchange rate fluctuations are stored in the database as
loss relating to forex transactions. These are pertaining to transactions done in foreign currency. It also includes
losses arising due to revaluation of assets acquired using foreign currency.
The loss due to foreign exchange transactions reported by the companies is mostly net of forex gains. However,
CMIE records the expense on a gross basis if sufficient information is provided in the notes to accounts of the
annual report.

1026 L OSS ON REVALUATION OF INVESTMENTS AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS

Indicator : Loss on revaluation of investments as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : loss_reval_invest_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses loss on revaluation of investments as a per cent of the total operating
The loss that a company books on revaluation of its investments is captured in the data field ‘Loss on revaluation of
investments’. This may also be referred to as the depreciation in the value of the investment during an accounting
year. Companies report investments at cost or market value, whichever is lower.

OTHER FUND BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES AS % OF OP EXP OF FIN COS 1027

Indicator : Other fund based financial services expenses as % of op exp of fin cos
Field : oth_fund_based_fin_serv_pc_f_oper_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is a calculated data field. It expresses other fund based financial services expenses as a per cent of the total
Other fund based financial services expenses include share of losses incurred in partnership firms/subsidiaries/joint
ventures/other companies, lease equalisation adjustment charges and losses on securitisation of loans and assets.

1028 D ISTRIBUTION OF OPERATING EXPENSES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Distribution of operating expenses as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : nf_oper_exp_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a non-finance company’s total operating expenses to the sum of
its sales and change in stock of its finished and semi finished goods. It serves as an indicator of a company’s
profitability, by measuring the extent to which sales revenues are utilised in order to cover up for a company’s
operating expenses.

R AW MATERIALS , STORES & SPARES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1029

Indicator : Raw materials, stores & spares as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : rawmat_stores_spares_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a non-finance company’s raw materials, stores & spares to the sum
of its sales and change in stock of finished and semi-finished goods. This indicator helps in analysing a company’s
profitability, by reflecting how much of sales revenues are utilised in the absorption of its costs incurred on raw
materials, stores & spares. The ratio is calculated in percentage terms.

1030 R AW MATERIAL EXPENSES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Raw material expenses as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : rawmat_exp_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a non-financial company’s raw material expenses to the sum of
its sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods. The indicator helps in analysing a company’s
profitability by reflecting how much of its sales revenues are required in order to absorb its raw material expenses.
The ratio is presented in percentage terms.

S TORES , SPARES , TOOLS CONSUMED AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1031

Indicator : Stores, spares, tools consumed as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : stores_spares_consumed_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a non-financial company’s expenses on stores, spares and tools
consumed,etc to the sum of its sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods. This ratio serves as
an indicator of the company’s profitability, by analysing how much of a company’s sales revenues are required to
cover up for its expenses on stores, spares & tools consumed, etc. The ratio is reported in percentage terms.

1032 P URCHASE OF FINISHED GOODS AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Purchase of finished goods as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : purchase_fg_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of the expenses incurred by a non-finance company on the purchase
of finished goods to the sum of its sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods. The ratio serves
as an indicator of a company’s profitability by analysing the extent of a company’s sales revenues that is utilised in
covering its purchase expenses. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

PACKAGING AND PACKING EXPENSES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1033

Indicator : Packaging and packing expenses as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : packaging_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of the packaging expenses of a non-finance company as a per cent of
the sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods. The ratio serves as an indicator of a company’s
profitability by analysing the extent of its sales revenues that are utilised in absorbing packaging expenses.

1034 P OWER , FUEL & WATER CHARGES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Power, fuel & water charges as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : power_fuel_water_charges_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of power, fuel & water charges of a non-finance company to the sum
of its sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods. The ratio serves as an indicator of a company’s
profitability by analysing the magnitude of its sales revenues that are utilised in covering up for its power, fuel &
water charges. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

C OMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1035

Indicator : Compensation to employees as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : compens_to_employees_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a non-financial company’s expenses on compensation to employees
to the sum of its sales and change in stock. The ratio serves as an indicator of a company’s profitability by analysing
the magnitude of a company’s sales revenues that are utilised in meeting personnel expenses. The ratio is expressed
in percentage terms.

1036 I NDIRECT TAXES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Indirect taxes as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : indirect_taxes_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a non-financial company’s indirect tax payments as a per cent of the
sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods. The ratio indicates the extent of a company’s sales
revenues that are spent on indirect taxes. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

E XCISE DUTY AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1037

Indicator : Excise duty as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : excise_duty_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a non-financial company’s excise duty payments as a per cent of
the sales and change in stock of finished and semi-finished goods. The ratio serves as an indicator of a company’s
profitability by analysing the extent of a company’s sales revenues that are spent on excise duties.

1038 ROYALTIES , TECHNICAL KNOW- HOW FEES , ETC AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Royalties, technical know-how fees, etc as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : royalties_tech_know_how_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a non-financial company’s royalties, technical know-how fees, etc.
as a per cent of its sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods. The ratio serves as an indicator of
the company’s profitability by analysing the magnitude of the company’s sales revenues that are spent on royalties,
technical know-how fees and other like expenses. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

R ENT & LEASE RENT AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1039

Indicator : Rent & lease rent as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : rent_and_lease_rent_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a non-financial company’s rent & lease rent expenses to the sum of
its sales and change in stock. The ratio serves as an indicator of a company’s profitability by analysing the extent
of sales revenues that were spent on rent & lease rent expenses. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

1040 R EPAIRS & MAINTENANCE AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Repairs & maintenance as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : repair_maintenance_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field features in the list of ratios used to compare the cost of various operating expenses to the sales of a
non-finance company. This data field computes and stores the ratio of a company’s repairs & maintenance expenses
to its sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods. The ratio indicates a company’s profitability
by analysing the extent of sales revenues that are spent on repairs & maintenance costs. The ratio is expressed in
percentage terms.

I NSURANCE PREMIUM PAID AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1041

Indicator : Insurance premium paid as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : insurance_premium_paid_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field features under the list of ratios used to compare the cost of various operating expense heads to the
sales of a non-finance company. This data field computes and stores the ratio of a company’s insurance premium
payments to the sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods. The ratio indicates a company’s
profitability by analysing how much of its sales revenues are spent on insurance premiums. The ratio is expressed

1042 O UTSOURCED MANUFACTURING JOBS AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Outsourced manufacturing jobs as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : outsourced_mfg_jobs_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field forms part of a list of ratios used to compare the cost of various operating expense heads to the sales
of a non-finance company. This data field computes and stores the ratio of outsourced manufacturing jobs as a
percentage of sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods. It indicates the extent of a company’s
sales revenues that are spent on outsourced manufacturing costs.

O UTSOURCED PROFESSIONAL JOBS AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1043

Indicator : Outsourced professional jobs as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : outsourced_prof_jobs_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field forms part of a list of derived indicators which compare the cost of various operating expense heads
to the sales of a non-finance company. This data field computes and stores the ratio of outsourced professional
jobs as a percentage of the sales and change in stock of finished and semi-finished goods. This gives an indication
of a company’s profitablility by analysing the extent of a company’s sales revenues that are spent on outsourced
professional job costs.

1044 N ON - EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ’ FEES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Non-executive directors’ fees as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : directors_fees_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field features in a list of ratios used to compare the cost of various operating expense heads to the sales
of a non-finance company. This data field computes and stores the ratio of non-executive directors’ fees as a
percentage of the sales and change in stock of finished and semi-finished goods. This ratio can be used as an
indicator of a company’s profitability, by analysing the extent of a company’s sales revenues that are utilised in
paying non-executive directors’ sitting fees.

A DVERTISING EXPENSES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1045

Indicator : Advertising expenses as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : advertising_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a non-financial company’s advertising expenses as a percentage of
the sum of its sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods. Such a ratio serves as an indicator of a
company’s profitability, by analysing the magnitude of the company’s sales revenues that were spent on advertising
costs.

1046 M ARKETING EXPENSES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Marketing expenses as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : marketing_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field forms part of a list of ratios that are used to compare the cost of various operating expenses to
the sales of a non-finance company. This data field captures the ratio of a company’s marketing expenses as a
percentage of its sales and change in stock of finished and semi-finished goods. The ratio serves as an indicator
of a company’s profitability by analysing the extent to which its sales revenues are utilised in meeting marketing
overheads. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

D ISTRIBUTION EXPENSES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1047

Indicator : Distribution expenses as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : distribution_exp_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field forms part of a list of ratios that are used to compare the cost of various operating expenses to
the sales of a non-finance company. This data field captures the ratio of a company’s distribution expenses as a
percentage of its sales and change in stock of finished and semi-finished goods. The ratio serves as an indicator of
a company’s profitability by analysing the extent to which its sales revenues are utilised in meeting its distribution
costs. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

1048 T RAVEL EXPENSES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Travel expenses as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : travel_exp_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes the ratio of a company’s travel expenses as a percentage of its sales and change in stock
of finished and semi-finished goods. The ratio serves as an indicator of a company’s profitability by analysing the
extent to which its sales revenues are utilised in meeting its travel expenses. The ratio is expressed in percentage
terms.

C OMMUNICATIONS EXPENSES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1049

Indicator : Communications expenses as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : communications_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field forms part of a list of ratios that are used to compare the cost of various operating expenses to the
sales of a non-finance company. This data field captures the ratio of a company’s communication expenses as a
percentage of its sales and change in stock of finished and semi-finished goods. The ratio serves as an indicator of a
company’s profitability by analysing the extent to which its sales revenues are utilised in meeting its communication
expenses. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

1050 P RINTING & STATIONERY EXPENSES AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Printing & stationery expenses as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : printing_stationery_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a company’s printing & stationery expenses as a percentage of its
sales and change in stock of finished and semi-finished goods. The ratio serves as an indicator of a company’s
profitability by analysing the extent to which its sales revenues are utilised in meeting its printing & stationery
costs.

M ISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1051

Indicator : Miscellaneous expenditure as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : misc_exp_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field features in a list of ratios used to compare the cost of various operating expense head against the
sales of a non-finance company. It computes and stores the ratio of miscellaneous expenditure as a per cent of the
sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished goods.

1052 OTHER OPERATIONAL EXP OF INDUSTRIAL ENT AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Other operational exp of industrial ent as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : oth_op_exp_indl_cos_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the constituents of a list of ratios which is used to compare the cost of an array of operating
expense heads against the sales of a non-finance company. This data field computes and stores the ratio of other
operational expenses of industrial enterprises as a percentage of the sales and change in stock of finished and semi
finished goods.

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXP OF NON - FIN SERVICES ENT AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1053

Indicator : Other operational exp of non-fin services ent as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : oth_op_exp_non_fin_serv_cos_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the constituents of a list of ratios which make a comparison between an array of operating
expense heads and the sales of a non-finance company. This data field computes and stores the ratio of other opera-
tional expenses of non-financial service companies as a percentage of the sales and change in stock of finished and
semi finished goods. This ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by quantifying the proportion of a company’s
sales revenues that have been spent on other operating expenses.

1054 OTHER OPERATIONAL EXP OF HOTEL ENT AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Other operational exp of hotel ent as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : hotel_oth_op_exp_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field forms part of a list of ratios which make a comparison between an array of operating expense heads
and the sales of a non-finance company. This data field computes and stores the ratio of other operational expenses
incidental to companies in the hotel industry as a percentage of the sales and change in stock of finished and semi
finished goods. This ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by quantifying the proportion of a hotel-sector
company’s sales revenues that have been spent on other operating expenses.

OTHER OPERATIONAL EXP OF MEDIA ENT AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1055

Indicator : Other operational exp of media ent as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : media_oth_op_exp_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the many ratios which make a comparison between an array of operating expense heads
and the sales of a company. This data field in particular computes and stores the ratio of other operational expenses
of companies in the media industry as a percentage of the sales. This ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by
quantifying the proportion of a company’s sales revenues that have been spent on other operating expenses.

1056 OTHER OPERATIONAL EXP OF CONSTR ENT AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Other operational exp of constr ent as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : cntr_oth_op_exp_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the many ratios which make a comparison between an array of operating expense heads and
the sales of a company. This data field in particular computes and stores the ratio of other operational expenses of
construction companies as a percentage of their sales. This ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by quantifying
the proportion of a company’s sales revenues that have been spent on other operating expenses.

R&D CURRENT ACCOUNT EXP AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK 1057

Indicator : R & D current account exp as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : rnd_exp_curr_ac_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the constituents of a list of ratios which make a comparison between an array of operating
expense heads and the sales of a non-finance company. This data field computes and stores the ratio of expenses
incurred on research & development as a percentage of the sales and change in stock of finished and semi finished
goods. This ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by quantifying the proportion of a company’s sales revenues
that have been spent on research & development activities.

1058 R AW MATERIAL AND PACKING EXP AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : Raw material and packing exp as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : rawmat_pkg_exp_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the ratios under distribution of operating expenses as % of sales and change in stock.
The expression measures the amount of raw material and packaging expense of a company as a percentage of its
sales and change in stock. It serves as a profitability ratio and is useful in analysing the proportion of sales income
that is consumed by raw material expenses and packaging cost. It is expressed in percentage terms.
Since raw material and packaging expenses are incurred on goods that are manufactured during the year, the value
of change in stock is added to sales in the demominator to make it comparable with the numerator. Sales pertain to
only the goods that are sold during the year while costs are incurred on goods that are manufactured.

D ISTRIBUTION OF OPERATING EXPENSES 1059

Indicator : Distribution of operating expenses
Field : f_oper_exp_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the cost of an operating expense head against the income from financial services of
a finance company. It expresses operating expenses as a per cent of the income from financial services. It serves
as an indicator of the profitability of a financial company by quantifying the proportion of a company’s financial
services income that has been absorbed by operating expenses.

1060 P OWER FUEL WATER CHARGES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Power fuel water charges as % of fin serv income
Field : power_fuel_water_charges_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the expenses incurred on power, fuel & water charges with the income from financial
It expresses the expenses incurred on power, fuel & water charges as a percentage of the income from financial

ROYALTIES TECH KNOW HOW AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1061

Indicator : Royalties tech know how as % of fin serv income
Field : royalties_tech_know_how_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is used to compare the expenses incurred on royalties, technical know-how fees with the income from
financial services of finance companies.
It expresses the expenses incurred on royalties, technical know-how fees as a percentage of the income from
financial services of finance companies.

1062 C OMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Compensation to employees as % of fin serv income
Field : compensation_to_employees_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field forms part of a list of derived indicators which compares an array of operating expenses of financial
companies with total financial services income thereof. This data field, in particular, computes and stores the
ratio of compensation to employees as a percentage of income from financial services. It serves as an indicator of
profitability by analysing how much of a financial company’s income is spent on compensation to employees.

I NDIRECT TAXES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1063

Indicator : Indirect taxes as % of fin serv income
Field : indirect_taxes_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field forms part of a list of derived indicators which compare an array of operating expenses of financial
companies with total financial services income thereof. This data field computes and stores the ratio of a finan-
cial company’s indirect taxes as a percentage of its income from financial services. It serves as an indicator of
profitability by analysing how much of a financial company’s income is diverted towards the payment of indirect
taxes.

1064 R ENT & LEASE RENT AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Rent & lease rent as % of fin serv income
Field : rent_and_lease_rent_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
companies with total financial services income thereof.
This data field, in particular, computes and stores the ratio of expenses incurred on rent & lease rent as a percentage
of income from financial services. Such a ratio can be used as an indicator of profitability, since it determines the
proportion of a financial company’s income which has been spent on rent & lease rent.

R EPAIRS & MAINTENANCE AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1065

Indicator : Repairs & maintenance as % of fin serv income
Field : repair_maintenance_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
companies with total financial services income thereof. This data field computes and stores the ratio of expenses
incurred on repairs & maintenance as a percentage of income from financial services. The ratio serves as an
indicator of profitability by analysing how much of a financial company’s income is spent on repairs & maintenance.

1066 I NSURANCE PREMIUM PAID AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Insurance premium paid as % of fin serv income
Field : insurance_premium_paid_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
companies with total financial services income thereof. This data field computes and stores the ratio of the total
insurance premium paid by a financial company as a percentage of its income from financial services. The ratio
serves as an indicator of profitability by analysing how much of a financial company’s income is spent on insurance
premium.

O UTSOURCED PROFESSIONAL JOBS AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1067

Indicator : Outsourced professional jobs as % of fin serv income
Field : outsourced_prof_jobs_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
incurred on outsourcing of professional jobs as a percentage of income from financial services. The ratio serves
as an indicator of profitability by analysing how much of a financial company’s income is spent on outsourcing of
professional jobs.

1068 N ON - EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ’ FEES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Non-executive directors’ fees as % of fin serv income
Field : directors_fees_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
incurred on the sitting fees of non-executive directors as a percentage of income from financial services. The
ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by analysing how much of a financial company’s income is spent on
non-executive directors’ fees.

A DVERTISING EXPENSES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1069

Indicator : Advertising expenses as % of fin serv income
Field : advertising_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is a constituent of a list of derived indicators which compares an array of operating expenses of
financial companies with total financial services income thereof. This data field computes and stores the ratio of
advertising expenses to income from financial services. The ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by analysing
how much of a financial company’s income is spent on repairs & maintenance. The ratio is expressed in percentage
terms.

1070 M ARKETING EXPENSES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Marketing expenses as % of fin serv income
Field : marketing_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field forms part of a list of derived indicators which compares various operating expenses of financial
companies with total financial services income thereof. This particular data field computes and stores the ratio of
marketing expenses to income from financial services. The ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by quantify-
ing the proportion of a financial company’s income that is spent on marketing expenses. The ratio is expressed in
percentage terms.

T RAVEL EXPENSES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1071

Indicator : Travel expenses as % of fin serv income
Field : travel_exp_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is a child indicator listed under ’Operating costs as per cent of financial services income’, which
compares various operating expenses of financial companies with total financial services income thereof.
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a financial company’s travel expenses to income from financial
services. The ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by analysing how much of a financial company’s income
is spent on travel costs. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

1072 C OMMUNICATIONS EXPENSES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Communications expenses as % of fin serv income
Field : communications_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a financial company’s communications expenses to income from
financial services. The ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by analysing how much of a financial company’s
income is spent on the use of various means of communication. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

P RINTING & STATIONERY EXPENSES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1073

Indicator : Printing & stationery expenses as % of fin serv income
Field : printing_stationery_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the many child indicators listed under ’Operating costs as per cent of financial services
income’, which compares various operating expenses of financial companies with total financial services income
thereof.
This particular data field computes and stores the ratio of the expenses incurred by financial company on printing
& stationery to its income from financial services. The ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by determining
the proportion of a financial company’s income that has been spent on printing & stationery expenses. The ratio is
expressed in percentage terms.

1074 M ISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Miscellaneous expenditure as % of fin serv income
Field : misc_exp_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of many child indicators listed under ’Operating costs as per cent of financial services income’,
which compares various operating expenses of financial companies with total financial services income thereof.
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a financial company’s miscellaneous expenses as a percentage
of income from financial services. The ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by analysing how much of a
financial company’s income is spent on miscellaneous expenses.

F INANCIAL CHARGES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1075

Indicator : Financial charges as % of fin serv income
Field : fin_serv_exp_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This particular data field stores the ratio of the expenses incidental to the providing of financial services by a
financial services company to income from financial services. The ratio serves as an indicator of profitability by
analysing how much of a financial company’s income is spent on corresponding operating expenses. The ratio is
Financial charges can be further classified into ’fee-based financial service expenses’ and ’fund-based financial
services expenses’. Accordingly, this data field has two child fields listed directly under it.

1076 F EE BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Fee based financial services expenses as % of fin serv income
Field : fee_based_fin_serv_exp_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is a child indicator directly listed under ’Financial charges as per cent of financial services income’,
which compares financial service expenses of financial companies with total financial services income thereof.
It is further classified into three heads pertaining to ’bank charges and commission’, ’guarantee fees’ and ’other
fee-based financial services expenses’.
This data field computes and stores the ratio of a financial company’s fee-based financial services expenses to its
income from financial services. It indicates the extent of a financial company’s income that has been spent on
fee-based financial services expenses. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

BANK CHARGES AND COMMISSION AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1077

Indicator : Bank charges and commission as % of fin serv income
Field : bank_charges_commission_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is a child indicator directly listed under ’Fee based financial services expenses as a percentage of
financial service income’, which compares a financial company’s fee-based financial services expenses with total
financial services income.
This data field computes and stores the ratio of bank charges and commission expenses incurred by a financial
company to its income from financial services. It indicates the extent of a financial company’s income that has
been spent on bank charges. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

1078 G UARANTEE FEES AND COMMISSION AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Guarantee fees and commission as % of fin serv income
Field : guarantee_fees_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of guarantee fees expenses incurred by a financial company to its
income from financial services. It indicates the extent of a financial company’s income that has been spent on
guarantee fees. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

OTHER FEE BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1079

Indicator : Other fee based financial services expenses as % of fin serv income
Field : oth_fee_based_serv_exp_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field computes and stores the ratio of financial services expenses other than bank charges & commission
expenses and guarantee fees that have been incurred by a financial company to its income from financial services.
It indicates the extent of a financial company’s income that has been spent on fee-based financial services expenses
other than bank charges & commission and guarantee fees. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

1080 F UND BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Fund based financial services expenses as % of fin serv income
Field : fund_based_fin_serv_exp_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is a child indicator directly listed under ’Financial charges as per cent of financial services income’,
which compares financial service expenses of financial companies with total financial services income thereof. It is
further classified into five sub-categories pertaining to ’interest paid’, ’financial charges on instruments’, ’bill dis-
counting charges’, ’treasury operations expenses’ and the residual ’other fund-based financial services expenses’.
This particular data field records the ratio of a financial company’s fund-based financial services expenses to its
income from financial services. It serves as an indicator of the proportion of a financial company’s income that has
been spent on fund-based financial services expenses. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

I NTEREST PAID AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1081

Indicator : Interest paid as % of fin serv income
Field : interest_exp_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is a child indicator directly listed under ’Fund based financial services expenses as a percentage of
financial service income’, which compares a financial company’s fund-based financial services expenses with total
This data field computes and stores the ratio of interest expenses paid by a financial company to its income from
financial services. It indicates the extent of a financial company’s income that has been spent on interest. The ratio
is expressed in percentage terms.

1082 F INANCIAL CHARGES ON DEBT INSTRUMENTS AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Financial charges on debt instruments as % of fin serv income
Field : fin_charges_instru_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the child indicators directly listed under ’Fund based financial services expenses as a per-
centage of financial service income’, which compares a financial company’s fund-based financial services expenses
with total financial services income.
This particular data field records the ratio of charges on financial instruments incurred by a financial company, as
a percentage of its income from financial services. It indicates the extent of a financial company’s income that has
been spent on charges on financial instruments like debentures, commercial papers, etc.

B ILL DISCOUNTING CHARGES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1083

Indicator : Bill discounting charges as % of fin serv income
Field : bill_discounting_charge_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the child indicators directly listed under ’Fund based financial services expenses as a per-
centage of financial service income’, which compares a financial company’s fund-based financial services expenses
with its total financial services income.
This data field computes and stores the ratio of the bill discounting charges incurred by a financial company to its
income from financial services. It indicates the extent of a financial company’s income that has been spent on bill
discounting charges. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

1084 T REASURY OPERATIONS EXPENSES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Treasury operations expenses as % of fin serv income
Field : treasury_operations_exp_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
financial service income’, which compares a financial company’s fund-based financial services expenses with total
This data field computes and stores the ratio of expenses incurred on treasury operations by a financial company,
as a percentage of its income from financial services. It indicates the extent of a financial company’s income that
has been spent on treasury operations.
Treasury operation expenses can be further classified into ’loss on securities transactions and on sale of invest-
ments’, ’loss relating to forex transactions’ and ’loss on revaluation of investments’. Accordingly, this data field
has three child fields listed under it.

L OSS ON SECURITIES TRANS & ON SALE OF INVEST AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1085

Indicator : Loss on securities trans & on sale of invest as % of fin serv income
Field : loss_secur_trans_invest_sales_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is a child indicator directly listed under ’Treasury operations expenses as per cent of financial
services income’. This data field computes and stores the ratio of the losses on security transactions and sale of
investments that a financial company has recorded in its books to its income from financial services. It indicates
the extent of a financial company’s income that had to be absorbed as losses on security transactions and sale of
investments. The ratio is expressed in percentage terms.

1086 L OSS RELATING TO FOREX TRANSACTIONS AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Loss relating to forex transactions as % of fin serv income
Field : loss_forex_trans_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the three child indicators directly listed under ’Treasury operations expenses as per cent
of financial services income’. This data field computes and stores the ratio of the losses on foreign exchange
transactions that a financial company has recorded in its books to its income from financial services. It indicates
the extent of a financial company’s income that had to be absorbed as forex losses. The ratio is expressed in
percentage terms.

L OSS ON REVALUATION OF INVESTMENTS AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME 1087

Indicator : Loss on revaluation of investments as % of fin serv income
Field : loss_reval_invest_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the three child indicators directly listed under ’Treasury operations expenses as per cent of
financial services income’. This data field computes and stores the ratio of the losses on revaluation of investments
that a financial company has recorded in its books as a percentage of its income from financial services. It indicates
the extent of a financial company’s income that had to be absorbed as losses on revaluation of investments.

1088 OTHER FUND BASED FINANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES AS % OF FIN SERV INCOME

Indicator : Other fund based financial services expenses as % of fin serv income
Field : oth_fund_based_fin_serv_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
financial service income’, which compares a financial company’s fund-based financial services expenses with its
This data field computes and stores the ratio of fund-based financial services expenses other than interest pay-
ments, financial charges on instruments, bill discounting charges and expenses incurred on treasury operations of a
financial company, as a percentage of its financial services income. It indicates the extent of a financial company’s
income that has been spent on other fund-based financial services expenses.

I NDIGENOUS RAW MATERIALS CONSUMED (%) 1089

Indicator : Indigenous raw materials consumed (%)
Field : indig_rawmat_pc_total_rawmat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Part II of Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956 requires manufacturing companies to disclose information
relating to raw materials, stores & spares and other materials consumed during a year and the break-up of each of
these into imported and indigenous materials. Companies are also required to report the percentage of imported and
indigenous raw materials, stores & spares and other materials consumed to total consumption. Such information is
disclosed by companies in their Annual Reports.
This data field captures the percentage share of indigenous raw materials consumed in total raw materials consumed
during the year. This serves as an indicator of the quantum of a company’s raw materials requirement that are
sourced locally.

1090 I MPORTED RAW MATERIALS CONSUMED (%)

Indicator : Imported raw materials consumed (%)
Field : imp_rawmat_pc_total_rawmat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field captures the percentage share of imported raw materials consumed in total raw materials consumed
during the year. This serves as an indicator of the quantum of a company’s raw material requirements that are
sourced through imports.

I NDIGENOUS STORES & SPARES CONSUMED (%) 1091

Indicator : Indigenous stores & spares consumed (%)
Field : indig_stor_spar_pc_total_stor_spar_cons
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field captures the percentage share of indigenous stores & spares consumed in total stores & spares
consumed during the year. This serves as an indicator of the quantum of a company’s stores & spares requirements
that are sourced locally.

1092 I MPORTED STORES & SPARES CONSUMED (%)

Indicator : Imported stores & spares consumed (%)
Field : imp_stores_spares_pc_total_stores_spares_consump
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field captures the percentage share of imported stores & spares consumed in total stores & spares con-
sumed during the year. This serves as an indicator of the quantum of a company’s stores & spares requirements
that are sourced through imports.

I NDIGENOUS OTHER MATERIALS CONSUMED (%) 1093

Indicator : Indigenous other materials consumed (%)
Field : indig_consump_oth_pc_total_oth_consump
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Other materials can be defined so as to include the following:-
1. Goods traded/stock-in-trade as in the case of trading companies; and
2. Where a break-up of raw materials, stores & spares, etc is not provided, such an unclassified amount
This data field captures the percentage share of indigenous other materials consumed in total other materials con-
sumed during the year. This serves as an indicator of the quantum of a company’s other material requirements that
are sourced locally.

1094 I MPORTED OTHER MATERIALS CONSUMED (%)

Indicator : Imported other materials consumed (%)
Field : imp_consump_oth_pc_total_oth_consump
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Other materials can be defined so as to include the following:-
1. Goods traded/stock-in-trade as in the case of trading companies; and
2. Where a break-up of raw materials, stores & spares, etc is not provided, such an unclassified amount
This data field captures the percentage share of imported other materials consumed in total other materials con-
sumed during the year. This serves as an indicator of the quantum of a company’s other material requirements that
are sourced through imports.

P ROFIT AFTER TAX 1095

Indicator : Profit after tax
Field : pat
Data Type : Number
Description:
This is the net profit of the company after tax. It is the residual after all revenue expenses are deducted from the
sum of the total income and the change in stocks. In Prowess, the following equation is always true:
total income + change in stocks - total expenses = profit after tax.
In this equation, total income includes the gross income from sale of industrial goods, income from non-financial
services, income from financial services, other income and income from prior period and extra-ordinary transac-
tions. Change in stocks is the net increase in closing stocks of finished goods, work-in-progress and semi-finished
goods.
Total expenses includes a long list – raw materials, stores and spares, packaging, purchase of finished goods,
energy expenses, compensation to employees, royalties, rents, repairs, insurance, outsourced manufacturing and
professional jobs, selling & distribution, travel, communications, printing, other operating expenses and miscel-
laneeous expenses, indirect taxes, depreciation, amortisation, write-offs, prior period expenses charged in current
year, extra-ordinary expenses and provision for direct taxes.
By ensuring that the above equation is always true, Prowess enables better inter-company and inter-year compara-
bility of the net profit estimate. It does this by ensuring that the definition of net profit is consistent.
Individual companies do not necessarily follow this principle of consistency. They are not even required to do
so by law. A fair degree of freedom is available to the management of a company to disclose some transactions
“below the line”. Many of them also do this for good reason. For example, many companies report extra-ordinary
transactions after reporting the net profit after tax.
The problem is that all companies do not follow the same set of principles. This leads to problems in comparing the
net profits of a company (as reported by it) with the net profits reported by other companies. It also requires some
effort (such as referring to the Annual Report and reading up all its notes) to understand the net profits reported by
a company.
Prowess tries to bring in some uniformity to this diversity in disclosures. It has a consistent definition and tries
to re-classify the numbers provided by the companies in their Annual Reports according to this definition. The
process of this re-classification into a standardised format is popularly called normalisation.
As a result of this effort, the net profit figure provided by Prowess often does not match with the net profit figure
provided by the company. The principal source of difference is the treatment of prior period and extra-ordinary
transactions. However, there could be many others.
The normalised PAT (the one reported by CMIE) does not reflect any value judgement by CMIE. For example,
CMIE does not take a view on the valuation of stocks and therefore CMIE does not make any adjustments to the
valuations made by the company. Similarly, CMIE does not take a view on the provisions made (or not made) by the
company and therefore CMIE does not make any adjustments based on these. It accepts the company’s estimates in
all respects fully. The normalisation process essentially classifies the information available in the Annual Report as
given by the company into a standardised format. It is this process that leads to differences between the estimates
provided by the company and by CMIE in the Prowess database.

1096 P ROFIT AFTER TAX
The differences appear at most broad groupings of data – such as total income or total expenses, or (more likely)
at the next level of grouping of data such as sales or raw materials. This is because the constituents of these broad
groupings may have been classified differently in CMIE’s standardised format compared to what the company may
have presented.
Many differences cancel out by the time the net profit figure is derived. Yet, there are some differences even at the
net profit level. The Prowess database tries to list the sources of these differences at the net profit level because of
the greater importance of this figure.
Not all companies make profits. When a company makes a loss, i.e. when expenses exceed income, the net profit
after tax figure is prefixed with a negative sign implying a loss.

P ROFIT AFTER TAX FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS 1097

Indicator : Profit after tax from continuing operations
Field : pat_frm_cont_operations
Data Type : Number
Description:
The revised schedule VI requires companies to separately disclose the profit or loss from continuing and discontin-
uing operations on the face of Statement of Profit and Loss. Hence, companies have been reporting the profit after
tax from continuing and discontinuing operations in their P&L statement since April 2011.
This data field captures the amount of profit after tax from continuing operations of the company. The data is
available in Prowess from 2010-11 onwards.

1098 P ROFIT / LOSS AFTER TAX ON DISCONTINUING OPERATIONS

Indicator : Profit/loss after tax on discontinuing operations
Field : pat_frm_discontinuing_operations
Data Type : Number
Description:
The revised schedule VI requires companies to separately disclose the profit or loss from continuing and discontin-
uing operations on the face of Statement of Profit and Loss. Hence, companies have been reporting the profit after
tax from continuing and discontinuing operations in their P&L statement since April 2011.
This data field captures the amount of profit after tax from discontinuing operations of the company. The data is
available in Prowess from 2010-11 onwards.

P ROFIT AFTER TAX REPORTED BY COMPANY 1099

Indicator : Profit after tax reported by company
Field : reported_pat
Data Type : Number
Description:
The profit after tax figure provided by Prowess often does not match with the net profit figure provided by the
company. This is because of re-classification of the numbers provided by the companies in their annual reports into
a standardised format of Prowess.
The principal source of difference is the treatment of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions. However, there
could be many others.
This data field reports the profit after tax figure provided by the company in its profit & loss statement in the annual
report. This is not adjusted or normalised in any way. Prowess reproduces the figure provided by the company in
its annual report.

1100 D IFFERENCE BETWEEN NORMALISED PAT AND PAT REPORTED BY COMPANY

Indicator : Difference between normalised pat and pat reported by company
Field : diff_in_pat
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the difference, if any, between the profit after tax as reported by the company in its Annual
Report and the profit after tax computed by CMIE after its normalisation process.
The net profit figure provided by CMIE after its normalisation often does not match with the net profit figure
provided by the company in its financial statements in its Annual Report.
Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the financial numbers provided by a company into a standardised
format. This process is called normalisation. The principal source of the difference is the treatment of prior period
and extraordinary transactions. However, there could be many other reasons for the difference. This data field
quantifies the difference between the profit after tax figures provided by the company and by CMIE.
The normalised PAT does not reflect any value judgement by CMIE. For example, CMIE does not take a view
on the valuation of stocks and therefore does not make any adjustments to the valuations made by the company.
Similarly, CMIE does not take a view on the provisions made (or not made) by the company and therefore does not
make any adjustments based on these.
CMIE accepts the company’s estimates in all respects fully. The normalisation process essentially classifies the
information available in the Annual Report as given by the company into a standardised format. It is this process
that leads to differences between the estimates provided by the company and by CMIE in the Prowess database.
The differences appear at most broad groupings of data, such as total income or total expenses, or (more likely) at
the next level of grouping of data such as sales or raw materials. This is because the constituents of these broad
groupings may have been classified differently in CMIE’s standardised format, compared to what the company may
have presented
Many differences cancel out by the time the net profit figure is derived. Yet, there are some differences even at the
net profit level. The Prowess database tries to list the sources of these differences at the net profit level because of
the greater importance of this figure.
Following are some of the reasons why the profit after tax reported by companies would differ from the profit after
tax arrived at by CMIE.
Some companies report prior period and extraordinary items after the amount of profit after tax, whereas CMIE
classifies it before arriving at the profit after tax.
Again there are cases when transfers to and transfers from specific reserves are reported by companies as expenses
or incomes respectively, before arriving at PAT. CMIE does not report such transfers to or from specific reserves as
an expense or income. CMIE reports them as appropriation of the profits.
Companies at times report profit or loss on sale of investments after arriving at the profit after tax figure. CMIE
reports such profit or loss on sale of investments before arriving at PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO PRIOR PERIOD AND EXTRA - ORDINARY INCOME 1101

Indicator : Difference due to prior period and extra-ordinary income
Field : dp_prior_period_extra_ordi_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure provided by CMIE often does not match with the net profit figure provided by the company
in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers provided by the company into a
standardised format. This process is called normalisation. Although the principal reason for the difference is the
treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions, there could be others as well.
This data field quantifies the difference between the net profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that
arise because of some prior period and extraordinary incomes, reported below profit after tax by the company but
above PAT by CMIE.

1102 D IFFERENCE DUE TO PRIOR PERIOD INCOME

Indicator : Difference due to prior period income
Field : dp_prior_period_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure provided by CMIE often does not match with the net profit figure provided by the company
in its Annual Report. Differences arise since CMIE re-classifies the numbers provided by the company into a
standardised format. This process is called normalisation. The principal source of the difference is the treatment of
prior period and extraordinary transactions. However, there could be others as well.
This data field quantifies the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that arise
when prior period incomes are reported below profit after tax by the company. CMIE reports these before the PAT.
Therefore the difference arises when the company reports this after the PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO CASH PRIOR PERIOD INCOME 1103

Indicator : Difference due to cash prior period income
Field : dp_cash_prior_period_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure available on CMIE’s Prowess database often does not match with the corresponding number
reported by a company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers provided
by the company into a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. The treatment of prior period and
extraordinary transactions is the principal reason for this difference. However, there could be others as well.
This data field reports the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that arise
due to differences in the treatment of prior period cash incomes. Some companies report this after PAT. CMIE
always reports it before PAT. Therefore, differences arises when the company reports this after the PAT.

1104 D IFFERENCE DUE TO BAD DEBTS RECOVERED

Indicator : Difference due to bad debts recovered
Field : dp_bad_debts_recovered
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure available on CMIE’s Prowess database might differ from the net profit figure reported by
a company in its Annual Report. Differences arise since CMIE re-classifies financial numbers provided by a
company in a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. The principal reason of the difference is
the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions. However, there could be other reasons as well.
This data field accounts for the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that
is attributed to difference in the treatment of bad debts recovered. Some companies report this after PAT and some
before PAT. CMIE reports these before PAT. Therefore the difference arises when the company reports this after
the PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO CASH PRIOR PERIOD INCOME EXCLUDING BAD DEBTS RECOVERED 1105

Indicator : Difference due to cash prior period income excluding bad debts recovered
Field : dp_oth_cash_prior_period_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure as available on CMIE’s Prowess database often does not match with the net profit figure
reported by a company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers provided
by the company into a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. Apart from various other reasons,
the principal reason for differences is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
This data field quantifies the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that
arises due to difference in the treatment of other prior period cash incomes (excluding bad debts recovered). Some
companies report this after PAT and some before PAT. CMIE reports these before PAT.

1106 D IFFERENCE DUE TO NON - CASH PRIOR PERIOD INCOME

Indicator : Difference due to non-cash prior period income
Field : dp_non_cash_prior_period_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure as available on CMIE’s Prowess database often does not match the net profit figure provided
by the company in its audited annual accounts. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers reported
by the company into a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. Although there are many rea-
sons for such differences, the principal cause for the difference is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary
transactions.
This data field reflects the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that is
attributed to a difference in the treatment of prior period non-cash incomes, if any. Some companies report this
after PAT and some before PAT. CMIE reports these before PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO PROVISIONS WRITTEN BACK 1107

Indicator : Difference due to provisions written back
Field : dp_prov_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit number as available on CMIE’s Prowess database very often does not match the net profit figure
provided by the company in its audited annual accounts. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers
provided by the company in a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. Although there might be
many reasons for differences, the principal cause is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
This particular data field reports the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE
that is attributed to a difference in the treatment of provisions written back. Some companies report this after PAT
and some before PAT. CMIE reports these before PAT.

1108 D IFFERENCE DUE TO DEPRECIATION PROVISION WRITTEN BACK

Indicator : Difference due to depreciation provision written back
Field : dp_dep_prov_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure available on CMIE’s Prowess database often does not match the net profit number reported
by a company in its audited annual financial statements. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers
provided by the company into a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. Although there are
various reasons for such differences, the principal reason is the difference in the treatment of prior period and
extraordinary transactions.
This data field is one among four child indicators listed under the field ’Difference due to provisions written
back’. It reports the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that arises due
to differences in the treatment of depreciation provisions written back. Some companies report this after PAT and
some before PAT. CMIE reports these before PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO TAX PROVISIONS WRITTEN BACK 1109

Indicator : Difference due to tax provisions written back
Field : dp_tax_prov_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure available on CMIE’s Prowess database often does not match the net profit figure provided by
the company in its audited annual accounts. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers provided by
the company into a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. The principal source of the difference
is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions. There could be others as well.
This data field features as a child indicator under the field ’Difference due to provisions written back’. It reflects
the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that arises out of difference in
the treatment of tax provisions written back. Some companies report this after PAT and some before PAT. CMIE
reports these before the PAT. Therefore the difference arises from cases where the company reports this after the
PAT.

1110 D IFFERENCE DUE TO BAD DEBTS PROVISION WRITTEN BACK

Indicator : Difference due to bad debts provision written back
Field : dp_bad_debts_prov_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure reported in CMIE’s Prowess database often does not match the net profit figure published
by a company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers provided by the
company in a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. The principal source of the difference is
the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions. There could be other reasons as well.
This data field features as a child indicator under the field name ’Difference due to provisions written back’. It
points out the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE arising due to the
treatment of bad debt provisions written back. Some companies might report this after PAT and some before PAT.
CMIE reports these before the PAT. Therefore the difference arises when the company reports this after the PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO OTHER PROVISIONS AND CREDIT BALANCES WRITTEN BACK 1111

Indicator : Difference due to other provisions and credit balances written back
Field : dp_oth_prov_credit_bal_w_back
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure as made available on CMIE’s Prowess database and the corresponding figure as presented by a
company in its Annual Report very often do not match. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers
provided by the company into a standardised format (normalisation). The principal source of the difference is the
treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions. There could be others as well.
This data field features as a child indicator under the data field ’Difference due to provisions written back’. It
quantifies the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that arises due to
differences in the treatment of provisions written back other than those for depreciation, tax or bad debts, if any,
and also, any credit balances, like liabilities, no longer payable.
Some companies report this after PAT and some before PAT. CMIE reports these before the PAT. Therefore the
difference arises when the company reports this after the PAT.

1112 D IFFERENCE DUE TO NON - CASH PRIOR PERIOD INCOME EXCLUDING PROVISIONS WRITTEN BACK

Indicator : Difference due to non-cash prior period income excluding provisions written back
Field : dp_oth_non_cash_prior_period_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure as available on CMIE’s Prowess database very often does not match with the corresponding
figure published in a company’s Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers provided
by the company into a standardised format, which might differ from the way the data is presented by a company.
This process is called normalisation. Apart from various other reasons, a major cause for differences is the treatment
of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
This data field reflects the quantum of difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE,
that arise due to differences in the treatment/presentation of other non-cash prior period incomes. Companies might
report such income either after or before PAT. CMIE always reports it before PAT. Therefore the difference arises
when the company reports non-cash prior period incomes after PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO EXTRA - ORDINARY INCOME 1113

Indicator : Difference due to extra-ordinary income
Field : dp_extra_ordi_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure as available on CMIE’s Prowess database does not match with the cor-
responding figure published by a company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the
numbers provided by the company into a standardised format, which might differ from th way the company might
present its financial information. This process is called normalisation. Although there might be various reasons for
differences, the principal reason is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
This data field reports the quantum of the difference between the profit figure as recorded by the company and
that of CMIE, which can be attributed to differences in the treatment/presentation of extraordinary incomes. Some
companies report this after PAT and some before PAT. CMIE always reports these before PAT.
Differences due to extra-ordinary income can be classified into four categories, namely profit on sale of fixed assets,
insurance claims, contra entry for depreciation added and gains on change in accounting policies. Accordingly, this
data field has four child indicators listed under it.

1114 D IFFERENCE DUE TO PROFIT ON SALE OF FIXED ASSETS

Indicator : Difference due to profit on sale of fixed assets
Field : dp_gain_sale_of_ast
Data Type : Number
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure as available on CMIE’s Prowess database does not match with the net profit
figure published by a company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers
provided by the company in a standardised format (normalisation), which might differ from the way financial
information is presented by the company. The principal source of the difference is the treatment of prior period and
This data field is one of the four child indicators listed under the data field ’Difference due to extra-ordinary
income’. It quantifies the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE arising out
of differences in the way profit on sale of fixed assets are presented. Some companies report this after PAT and
some before PAT. However, CMIE always reports these before PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO INSURANCE CLAIMS 1115

Indicator : Difference due to insurance claims
Field : dp_insurance_claims
Data Type : Number
Description:
A company’s net profit figure as available on CMIE’s Prowess database, more often than not, does not match the
net profit figure provided by the company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the
numbers provided by the company in a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. This method
might be different from the way the company might presnt its financial information. The principal source of the
difference is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
This data field is one of the child indicators listed under the field ’Difference due to extra-ordinary income’. It
quantifies the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that arises due to
difference in the presentation of a company’s insurance claims. Some companies report this after PAT and some
before PAT. However, CMIE always reports these before PAT.

1116 D IFFERENCE DUE TO CONTRA ENTRY FOR DEPRECIATION ADDED BY

Indicator : Difference due to contra entry for depreciation added by
Field : dp_cmie_contra_entry_dep
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure of a company as available on CMIE’s Prowess database often does not match the net profit
figure provided by the company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers
provided by the company into a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. The principal cause for
differences is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
This data field is one of the four child indicators listed under the data field ’Difference due to extra-ordinary
income’. It quantifies the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that arises
because of a contra-entry made by CMIE for depreciation added, if any.
Often companies that do not make sufficient profits do not make any provision for depreciation, or make short
provision for depreciation. The Companies Act has not made it mandatory to make a provision of depreciation.
Although a company may not provide for depreciation in its profit & loss account, information regarding un-
provided depreciation is available in the notes to accounts or the auditors report. Auditors are required to quantify
the depreciation not provided for in their report.
CMIE captures such un-provided depreciation from the notes to accounts or auditors report in the data field on de-
preciation. In doing so, Prowess reflects a more consistent picture of the financials compared to all other companies
that do provide for depreciation. However, this addition of a quantity from outside the accounts has a direct impact
on the profits. This is one of the reasons for the difference between the PAT given by the company and given by
CMIE.
The addition of depreciation in the case of companies that do not provide for depreciation (or under-provide it) is
balanced with a contra-entry. Such a contra-entry is recorded in this data field.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO GAIN ON CHANGE IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES 1117

Indicator : Difference due to gain on change in accounting policies
Field : dp_gain_dueto_chg_actg_policy
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure available on CMIE’s Prowess database often does not match with the net profit figure provided
by the company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers provided by the
company in a standardised format, which might differ from the way the company presents its data. This process
is called normalisation. The principal source of the difference is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary
transactions. There could be others as well.
This data field is one of the four child indicators listed under the field name ’Difference due to extra-ordinary
income’. It quantifies the difference that arises between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE
due do a difference in the presentation of gains on account of changes in accounting policies. Some companies
report this after PAT and some before PAT. CMIE always reports these before PAT.

1118 D IFFERENCE DUE TO TRANSFER TO RESERVES

Indicator : Difference due to transfer to reserves
Field : dp_trf_to_resv
Data Type : Number
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure of any random company as available on CMIE’s Prowess database does
not match with the net profit figure provided by the company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE
re-classifies the numbers provided by the company in a standardised format, which might not match with the way
a company presents its financial information. This process is called normalisation. The principal source of the
difference is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
A transfer made from the profit & loss statement to any reserve could cause differences in net profits as reflected in
Prowess and in the company’s published financial statements. CMIE treats any transfer to a reserve as a below the
line item and hence, any such transfer reported by the company above-the-line, or before PAT would result in the
normalised PAT to be higher than the company-reported PAT.
arises when a transfer to any reserve, if any, is reported by the company before PAT in its profit and loss statement.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO OTHER FACTORS INCREASING NORMALISED PAT 1119

Indicator : Difference due to other factors increasing normalised pat
Field : dp_oth_factors_incr_norm_pat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure as available on CMIE’s prowess differs from the net profit figure published
by the company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers provided by the
company in a standardised format, which may differ from the method in which a company presents its numbers.
This process is called normalisation. The principal source of the difference is the treatment of prior period and
This data field quantifies the difference between the profit figure provided by the company and by CMIE when
factors other than prior period and extraordinary transactions or transfers to reserves have resulted in a higher
normalised PAT.

1120 D IFFERENCE DUE TO PRIOR PERIOD AND EXTRA - ORDINARY EXPENSES

Indicator : Difference due to prior period and extra-ordinary expenses
Field : dp_prior_period_extra_ordi_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure of any company as available on CMIE’s Prowess database differs from
the net profit figure published by the company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies
the numbers provided by the company in a standardised format, which might differ from the way the company
presents its financial numbers. This process is called normalisation. Although there are various reasons for such
differences, the principal reason is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
This data field reflects the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that are
attributed to differences in the presentation of prior period & extraordinary expenses. Some companies report this
after PAT and some before PAT. However, CMIE always reports these before PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO PRIOR PERIOD EXPENSES 1121

Indicator : Difference due to prior period expenses
Field : dp_prior_period_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure of any company as available on CMIE’s Prowess database usually does not match with the net
profit figure provided by the company in its Annual Report. Differences arise since CMIE re-classifies the numbers
provided by the company in a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. The way normalised data
is presented might differ from the way the company presents its data. The principal source of the difference is the
treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
arises due to differences in the presentation of prior period expenses. Some companies report this after PAT and
some before PAT. However, CMIE always reports these before PAT.

1122 D IFFERENCE DUE TO CASH PRIOR PERIOD EXPENSES

Indicator : Difference due to cash prior period expenses
Field : dp_cash_prior_period_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure of any company as available on CMIE’s Prowess database does not match
with the corresponding number provided by the company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE
re-classifies the numbers provided by the company in a standardised format. This process is called normalisa-
tion. Normalised financial numbers might differ from the way a company presents its numbers, therefore resulting
in differences in profits. The principal source of differences is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary
transactions.
arises due to differences in the presentation of cash prior period expenses. Some companies report this after PAT
and some before PAT. CMIE, however, always reports these before PAT.
Prior period cash expenses can be categorised into prior period taxes and others. Accordingly, this data field has
two child indicators.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO PRIOR PERIOD TAXES 1123

Indicator : Difference due to prior period taxes
Field : dp_prior_period_taxes
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure of any company, as provided on CMIE’s Prowess database, very often does not match the
net profit figure published by a company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the
numbers provided by the company into a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. The principal
source of the difference is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions. There could be others as
well.
arises due to differences in the presentation of prior period taxes. Some companies report this after PAT and some
before PAT. CMIE, however, reports these before PAT.

1124 D IFFERENCE DUE TO CASH PRIOR PERIOD EXPENSES EXCLUDING PRIOR PERIOD TAXES

Indicator : Difference due to cash prior period expenses excluding prior period taxes
Field : dp_oth_cash_prior_period_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure of any company as provided by CMIE’s Prowess database does not match
with the net profit figure provided by the company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-
classifies the numbers provided by the company in a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. As
a result, the way the numbers are presented on Prowess might differ from the company’s methods. The principal
source of the difference is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
arises due to differences in the presentation of prior period cash expenses (excluding prior period taxes). Some
companies report this after PAT and some before PAT. CMIE, however, always reports these before PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO NON CASH PRIOR PERIOD EXPENSES 1125

Indicator : Difference due to non cash prior period expenses
Field : dp_non_cash_prior_period_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
with the net profit figure provided by the same company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE
re-classifies the numbers provided by the company in a standardised format through the process of normalisation.
The principal source of the difference is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
This data field quantifies the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that arises
due to difference in the presentation of non-cash prior period expenses. Some companies report this after PAT and
some before PAT. CMIE reports these before PAT.

1126 D IFFERENCE DUE TO PRIOR PERIOD DEPRECIATION

Indicator : Difference due to prior period depreciation
Field : dp_prior_period_dep
Data Type : Number
Description:
More ofthen than not, the net profit figure of any company as available on CMIE’s Prowess database does not match
with the net profit figure provided by the company in its audited annual accounts. Differences arise because CMIE
re-classifies the numbers provided by the company in a standardised format. This process is called normalisation.
The normalised data available on Prowess may not adhere to the method in which the company presents its financial
numbers, hence resulting in differences. The principal source of the difference is the treatment of prior period and
arises because of differences in the way prior period depreciation charged is presented.
This data field captures depreciation provided by the company during the current year but that pertains to a prior
year. There could be two reasons for this: either the company has changed its accounting policy for depreciation
or, there were some errors or omissions in the previous years that are being compensated for in the current year.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO NON CASH PRIOR PERIOD EXPENSES EXCLUDING PRIOR PERIOD DEPRECIATION 1127

Indicator : Difference due to non cash prior period expenses excluding prior period
depreciation
Field : dp_oth_non_cash_prior_period_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
with the net profit figure published by the company in its audited annual accounts. Differences arise because CMIE
re-classifies the numbers provided by the company in a standardised format, while the company might present its
data differently. This process is called normalisation. The principal source of the difference is the treatment of
prior period and extraordinary transactions.
because of differences in the treatment of non-cash prior period expenses, other than prior period depreciation.
This data field captures expenses pertaining to a prior period if charged to the current income and expenditure
statement which has not led to a cash outgo, except for prior period deprecation.
Such an expense head usually appears in the profit and loss account as adjustments to the profit after tax for
determining the profit available for appropriations. Sometimes, companies even report schedule for the same,
which discloses the net of all prior period incomes and expenses. CMIE always reports all non- cash prior period
expenses before PAT irrespective of the company’s method of reporting.

1128 D IFFERENCE DUE TO EXTRA - ORDINARY EXPENSES

Indicator : Difference due to extra-ordinary expenses
Field : dp_extra_ordi_exp
Data Type : Number
Description:
The net profit figure of any company as provided in CMIE’s Prowess database very often does not match with the
net profit figure provided by the company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the
numbers published by the company in a standardised format (normalisation) which might substantially differ from
the way a company presents its financial data. The principal source of the difference is the treatment of prior period
and extraordinary transactions.
due to differences in the presentation of extraordinary expenses. Companies might present this after PAT and some
before PAT. But CMIE always reports these before PAT. Therefore the difference arises when the company reports
this after the PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO LOSS ON IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS 1129

Indicator : Difference due to loss on impairment of assets
Field : dp_loss_impair_ast
Data Type : Number
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure as available on CMIE’s Prowess database does not match with the net
profit figure published by the company in its financial statements. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies
the numbers provided by the company in a standardised format through the process of normalisation. Hence, the
normalised numbers might be presented in a method that is different from the way the company presents its financial
numbers. The principal source of the difference is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
This data field, quantifies the difference between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE that
arises when the loss, if any, resulting from impairment of assets, is reported by the company after PAT.

1130 D IFFERENCE DUE TO LOSS ON SALE OF ASSETS

Indicator : Difference due to loss on sale of assets
Field : dp_loss_sale_ast
Data Type : Number
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure as available on CMIE’s Prowess databasedoes not match with the net profit
figure published by the company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers
provided by the company in a standardised format through the process of normalisation. Apart from various other
reasons, the principal source of the difference is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
This data field quantifies the difference between the profit figures as provided by the company and by CMIE,
emenating from differences in the presentation of losses on sale of assets. Some companies report losses on sale of
assets after PAT and some before PAT. CMIE, however, always reports these before PAT.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO TAX ON EXTRA - ORDINARY INCOME 1131

Indicator : Difference due to tax on extra-ordinary income
Field : dp_tax_extra_ordi_inc
Data Type : Number
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure provided by CMIE does not match with the net profit figure provided by the
company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers provided by the company
into a standardised format (normalisation). Normalised data might be presented in a method that is different from
a company’s published financial numbers, therefore resulting in differences. The principal source of the difference
is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
due to differences in the presentation of tax on extraordinary income. Companies might report this either after PAT
or before PAT. CMIE, however, always reports these before PAT.

1132 D IFFERENCE DUE TO LOSS BECAUSE ( EFFECT ) OF CHANGE IN VALUATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Indicator : Difference due to loss because (effect) of change in valuation and accounting
policies
Field : dp_loss_dueto_chg_actg_policy
Data Type : Number
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure as provided on CMIE’s Prowess database does not match with the net profit
figure published by the company in its annual report. Differences arise because CMIE re-classifies the numbers
provided by the company in a standardised format. This process is called normalisation. Since the way in which
a company presents its financial data might not correspond with normalised data, it results in differences between
the two sets of data. The principal source of the difference is the treatment of prior period and extraordinary
transactions.
One type of extraordinary transaction is change in a company’s accounting policy over the previous year or years.
Changes in accounting policy may effect a reduction or an increase in the company’s profits.
This data field quantifies the difference arising between the profit figures provided by the company and by CMIE
due to difference in the method of presentation of losses emanating from changes in accounting policies.

D IFFERENCE DUE TO TRANSFER FROM RESERVES 1133

Indicator : Difference due to transfer from reserves
Field : dp_trf_frm_resv
Data Type : Number
Description:
with the net profit figure published by the same company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE
Since normalised data might not be in line with the method of presentation adopted by the company, certain finan-
cial numbers, especially net profit figures, are likely to reflect a mismatch. The principal source of differences is
the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions.
CMIE treats any transfer from any reserve, other than from a revaluation reserve (this is adjusted with depreciation
charged during the year) as a below the line item. Hence, any such transfer reported by the company above the
line, or before PAT, would result in normalised PAT being lower than the company-declared PAT. This data field
quantifies the difference between PAT and normalised PAT arising due to differences in the presentation of transfers
made from any reserve other than revaluation reserve.

1134 D IFFERENCE DUE TO OTHER FACTORS DECREASING NORMALISED PAT

Indicator : Difference due to other factors decreasing normalised pat
Field : dp_oth_factors_decr_norm_pat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
More often than not, the net profit figure of any company as provided by CMIE’s Prowess database does not match
with the net profit figure published by the same company in its Annual Report. Differences arise because CMIE
Since the normalised data might not be presented in the same way as the company’s numbers are presented, there
is likely to be differences in financial numbers, especially profit figures. The principal source of the difference is
the treatment of prior period and extraordinary transactions. However, other reasons might also exist.
This data field quantifies the difference between profit figures of the company and CMIE owing to differences in
the presentation of any factor other than prior period and extraordinary transactions or a transfer from any reserve.

N ON – PROVISIONS 1135

Indicator : Non–provisions
Field : non_provisions
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provisions are the amounts set apart to meet specific liabilities. These must be provided for regardless of the fact
whether or not a company earns any profit. Provisions are normally charged to a company’s Profit & Loss Account
before arriving at the amount of net profit. However, some companies, due to inadequate profits, may not make
provision for certain liabilities associated with the business. In such cases, companies are required to bring this fact
of non-provision for expenses/liabilities to the notice of the shareholders.
Typically, non-provisions occur in relation to heads such as diminution in investments, sundry debtors, on non-
performing loans and advances, interest expenses, gratuity, etc. CMIE extracts this information from the Notes to
Accounts, Directors’ Report and the Auditors’ Report.
This data field captures the total non-provisions reported by the company. It can be further classified into nine
subordinate heads, pertaining to diminution in investments, sundry debtors, loans & advances including NPAs,
loans & advances to group companies, interest expenses, power expenses, gratuity, debenture & bond redemption
reserves, and other non-provisions.

1136 N ON - PROVISION FOR DIMINUTION IN INVESTMENT

Indicator : Non-provision for diminution in investment
Field : non_prov_dimun_in_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provisions are amounts set apart to meet specific liabilities. These must be provided for regardless of the fact
whether or not a company earns any profit. Provisions are normally charged to a company’s Profit & Loss Account
A company is required to make a provision for any reduction in the market value of its investments during the year.
Such reduction in value is known as diminution. A company may not make such provision either due to inadequate
profits or for any other reason. However, the financial statements of the company disclose the amount by which the
value of its investments have reduced during the year. This data field captures the aforesaid amount of diminution.

N ON - PROVISION FOR SUNDRY DEBTORS 1137

Indicator : Non-provision for sundry debtors
Field : non_prov_debtors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provisions are the amounts set apart to meet specific liabilities. These must be provided for irrespective of whether
or not a company earns any profit. Provisions are normally charged to a company’s Profit & Loss Account before
arriving at the amount of net profit. However, some companies, due to inadequate profits, may not make provision
for certain liabilities associated with the business. In such cases, companies are required to bring this fact of
non-provision for expenses/liabilities to the notice of the shareholders.
Sometimes a company does not provide for some debts (sundry debtors) even after ascertaining that they are bad
or doubtful. The company might either classify such a debt as bad or doubtful under the Debtors schedule or it
may quantify such a doubtful amount included under good debts by way of a note under the notes to accounts. The
reason for non provision for such debts may be provided either under the notes to accounts or the Directors’ report.
The amount of non-provision is also quantified in the Auditors’ report. This data field captures the value of such a
non-provision for doubtful debtors.

1138 N ON - PROVISION FOR LOANS AND ADVANCES INCLUDING NPAS

Indicator : Non-provision for loans and advances including npas
Field : non_prov_loans_adv_npas
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a loan advanced by a company or a portion thereof becomes unrecoverable, the company is required to make
a provision for such loans and advances that are considered doubtful. In certain circumstances, companies might
choose not to make such provisions. Such non provisions are quantified by auditors in their report. The details
can also be found in the notes to accounts or in the Director’s report. This data field captures the value of all such
non-provisions for loans and advances.
Non Performing Assets (NPAs) are loans and advances granted by the banks and financial institutions whose
recovery is doubtful. Technically, an NPA is defined as any loan asset wherein the interest due and charged during
any quarter is not serviced fully within 90 days from the end of the said quarter.
Banks and financial institutions are required to statutorily make provisions for NPAs as per RBI guidelines. How-
ever, non-provision of the same is qualified and quantified by the auditors and the amount of non-provision is also

N ON - PROVISION FOR LOANS AND ADVANCES TO GROUP COMPANIES 1139

Indicator : Non-provision for loans and advances to group companies
Field : non_prov_loans_adv_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies are required to make a provision for loans and advances provided by them to group companies which
become non-recoverable or whose recovery becomes doubtful, to cover for the possibility of losses.
In certain circumstances, companies might not make such provisions, for example, when they incur losses or have
inadequate profits, etc. Such non-provisions are quantified by the auditors in their report. The details are also
available in the notes to accounts or in the Director’s report. Such amounts are captured in this data field.

1140 N ON - PROVISION FOR INTEREST EXPENSES

Indicator : Non-provision for interest expenses
Field : non_prov_int_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount of interest due but not paid and which have also not been provided for by the
company. When interest becomes due but is not paid, a company normally books the expense in its profit & loss
account. In case it does not do so, but merely reports the interest expense liability in the notes to accounts and in
the auditor’s report, the amount of such non-provision is reported in this data field.

N ON - PROVISION FOR POWER EXPENSES 1141

Indicator : Non-provision for power expenses
Field : non_prov_power_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount of electricity charges which have been incurred by a company, which have,
however, not been provided for by the company in its books of accounts.

1142 N ON - PROVISION FOR GRATUITY

Indicator : Non-provision for gratuity
Field : non_prov_gratuity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Gratuity is one of the many retirement benefits that are offered to employees in companies when they leave their
jobs. As per section 10(10) of the Income Tax Act 1961, it is paid when an employee completes five or more years
of full time service with an employer company. It is a mandatory payment to be made in accordance with the
provisions of the Payment of Gratuity Act. The employer is required to make regular contributions to a gratuity
fund, out of which payments are to be made to employees as and when necessary.
Sometimes, companies do not provide for gratuity for several reasons but state the amount of non-provision in the
notes to accounts and Auditor’s Report. This data field captures the amount of non-provision on this account.

N ON - PROVISION FOR DEBENTURE AND BOND REDEMPTION RESERVES 1143

Indicator : Non-provision for debenture and bond redemption reserves
Field : non_prov_deb_bond_redemp_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The Companies Act 1956 provides that any Indian company that issues debentures or bonds must create a deben-
ture/bond redemption service to protect investors against the possibility of default by the company. As per section
117C of the Act, companies are obliged to create a Debenture Redemption Reserve (DRR). This account is credited
with proceeds from the profits of the company arrived at every year till the debentures are redeemed. Such a reserve
would be credited with proceeds from profits in such a way so that they would be adequate to meet the payment of
principal and interest to the debenture holders on redemption. The funds accumulated as reserves cannot be used
for any other purpose other than redemption of the debentures or bonds.
If, however, a company does not appropriate a portion of its profits towards this reserve in compliance with sec-
tion 117 C of the Companies Act 1956, it has to make a clear disclosure of this fact with reasons for the same.
Companies disclose the information about such a non- provision along with the reason for non-compliance.
This data field captures the amount of non-provision for transfer to debenture redemption reserve as disclosed by
the company.

1144 N ON - PROVISION FOR OTHERS

Indicator : Non-provision for others
Field : non_prov_for_others
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is one among nine used to capture the value of provisions that have not been made by a company
for certain liabilities associated with a business. This data field, being residual in nature, captures all such non-
provisions except those mentioned below, for which separate data fields exist:
1. non-provision for diminution in the value of investments
2. non-provision for doubtful debtors
3. non-provision for loans and advances
4. non-provision for loans and advances to group companies
5. non-provision for interest expenses
6. non-provision for power expenses
7. non-provision for gratuity
8. non-provision for debenture and bond redemption reserves

I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN PROFIT DUE TO CHG IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES 1145

Indicator : Increase or decrease in profit due to chg in accounting policies
Field : pat_chg_dueto_chg_actg_policy
Data Type : Number
Description:
Accounting policies are principles, bases, conventions, rules and practices that a company adheres to while prepar-
ing and presenting its financial statements. Different enterprises follow different accounting policies.Accounting
policies might differ in many respects - inventory valuation, method of depreciation, etc. Any change in accounting
policies causes a change in the computed profits, sometimes even significantly.
When a company changes its accounting policy, the material effect of such changes is required to be disclosed in its
financial statements. This data field captures the total effect of the changes in accounting policies on a company’s
profits.
This data field has six child indicators listed under it, pertaining to factors that can effect a change in profits if they
are changed. These child fields pertain to accounting policies on depreciation, inventories, income recognition,
expenses recognition, liabilities and other residual accounting policy changes.

1146 I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN PROFIT ON ACCOUNT OF DEPRECIATION

Indicator : Increase or decrease in profit on account of depreciation
Field : pat_chg_dueto_dep
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field reports the effect of a change in a company’s accounting policy pertaining to depreciation charge
on its profits. The amount by which profits are impacted due to the change, whether an increase or a decrease, is
generally extracted from the company’s Notes to Accounts and/or its Auditors’ Report.
If a company changes the method by which it charges depreciation, then depreciation is recalculated in accordance
with the new method from the date from which the asset came into use, i.e. retrospectively. The surplus or deficit
arising from the recomputation of depreciation retrospectively has to be quantified and adjusted in the profit & loss
account in the year of change. This adjustment of the excess/short depreciation to the current year’s Profit & Loss
Account distorts the profits/losses of the current year. Hence, this item is disclosed separately.

I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN PROFIT ON ACCOUNT OF INVENTORIES 1147

Indicator : Increase or decrease in profit on account of inventories
Field : pat_chg_dueto_invent
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures any increase or decrease in a company’s profits in the current year due to a change in
the method of inventory valuation. The increase/decrease is stated separately in the profit & loss account of the
company. The impact of change is quantified in Notes to Accounts and/or in the Auditors’ Report.

1148 I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN PROFIT ON ACCOUNT OF INCOME RECOGNITION

Indicator : Increase or decrease in profit on account of income recognition
Field : pat_chg_dueto_inc_recognition
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures any increase or decrease in a company’s profits that is attributed to a change in its accounting
policy with respect to income recognition. A company recognises income either on cash basis or accrual basis. A
switch from one method to another may result in increase or decrease in profits.

I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN PROFIT ON ACCOUNT OF EXPENSES RECOGNITION 1149

Indicator : Increase or decrease in profit on account of expenses recognition
Field : pat_chg_dueto_exp_recognition
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures the value of increase/decrease in the company’s net profit as a result of a change in its
accounting policy with respect to expenditure recognition. Changes in the accounting policies with respect to
expense recognition that affect profits pertain to the following items:
1. Treatment of research & development expenditure
2. Treatment of deffered revenue expenses
3. Capitalisation of expenses
4. Treatment of borrowing costs
5. Treatment of VRS expenditure
6. Treatment of ESOP’s

1150 I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN PROFIT ON ACCOUNT OF LIABILITIES

Indicator : Increase or decrease in profit on account of liabilities
Field : pat_chg_dueto_liab
Data Type : Number
Description:
Accounting Standard 5 (AS-5) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) requires companies
to disclose any change in an accounting policy that has a material effect on the company’s financial statements.
This data field captures and reports any increase/decrease in a company’s profits resulting from a change in its
accounting policy with respect to valuation of liabilities.

I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN PROFIT ON ACCOUNT OF OTHERS 1151

Indicator : Increase or decrease in profit on account of others
Field : pat_chg_dueto_oth
Data Type : Number
Description:
to disclose any change in an accounting policy that has a material effect on the company’s financial statements. This
data field captures and reports any impact on a company’s profit or loss due to change in accounting policies other
than those pertaining to changes in policies with respect to depreciation, inventory valuation, income recognition,
expense recognition and liabilities valuation.

1152 I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN RESERVES DUE TO CHG IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Indicator : Increase or decrease in reserves due to chg in accounting policies
Field : resv_chg_dueto_chg_actg_policy
Data Type : Number
Description:
When a company changes its accounting policy, the material effect of such changes is required to be disclosed in
its financial statements. This data field captures the total effect of a change in a company’s accounting policy on its
reserves.
This data field has six child indicators listed under it, pertaining to factors that can effect a change in profits if they
are changed. These child fields pertain to accounting policies on depreciation, inventories, income recognition,
expenses recognition, liabilities and other residual accounting policy changes.

I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN RESERVES ON ACCOUNT OF DEPRECIATION 1153

Indicator : Increase or decrease in reserves on account of depreciation
Field : resv_chg_dueto_dep
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures and reports the effect of a change in a company’s policy of charging depreciation on its
reserves. The impact of changes in a company’s depreciation policy is generally available in the company’s Notes
to Accounts and/or the Auditors’ Report.
If the method of charging depreciation is changed by the company then depreciation is recalculated in accordance
with the new method from the date from which the asset came into use, i.e. retrospectively. The surplus or
deficit arising from the recomputation of depreciation retrospectively is quantified and adjusted in the Profit &
Loss Account in the year of change. The corresponding effect on the reserves is captured in this data field.
If the depreciation charge computed in the light of the policy change is higher than that computed in the erstwhile
method, the company’s reserves are reduced to that extent. Similarly, if it is lower, reserves are increased to that
extent. This data field reports only the amount of increase/decrease.

1154 I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN RESERVES ON ACCOUNT OF INVENTORIES

Indicator : Increase or decrease in reserves on account of inventories
Field : resv_chg_dueto_invent
Data Type : Number
Description:
The value of a company’s inventories is usually computed using the FIFO (first in first out) method or the Weighted
Average Cost method. An enterprise may use any of these formulae depending on its accounting policy. A change
in the method of valuation of inventories from FIFO to weighted average or vice-versa amounts to change in
accounting policy. If a change in the policy is desired, the material impact of such change on the current year’s
profit or loss and on the reserves is disclosed.
Such disclosure usually forms part of the Notes to Accounts. CMIE reports any increase or decrease in reserves
due to change in accounting policies of inventory valuation in this data field.

I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN RESERVES ON ACCOUNT OF INCOME RECOGNITION 1155

Indicator : Increase or decrease in reserves on account of income recognition
Field : resv_chg_dueto_inc_recognition
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures and reports any increase or decrease in a company’s reserves due to a change in its account-
ing policy with respect to income recognition. A company recognises income either on cash basis or accrual basis.
A change from one basis to another may result in increase or decrease in profits. The corresponding effect on the
company’s reserves is reported in this data field.

1156 I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN RESERVES ON ACCOUNT OF EXPENSES RECOGNITION

Indicator : Increase or decrease in reserves on account of expenses recognition
Field : resv_chg_dueto_exp_recognition
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field reports increase/decrease in the company’s reserves as a result of change in accounting policy with
respect to expenditure recognition. Typically, changes in the accounting policies that affect profits, and therefore
reserves, are with respect to the following items:
1. Treatment of research and development expenditure
2. Treatement of deffered revenue expenses
3. Capitalisation of expenses
4. Treatment of borrowing costs
5. Treatment of VRS expenditure
6. Treatment of ESOP’s

I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN RESERVES ON ACCOUNT OF LIABILITIES 1157

Indicator : Increase or decrease in reserves on account of liabilities
Field : resv_chg_dueto_liab
Data Type : Number
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 5 (AS-5) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), companies
are required to disclose any change in an accounting policy that has a material effect on their financial statements.
This data field reports any increase/decrease in a company’s reserves due to a change in accounting policy with
respect to valuation of its liabilities.

1158 I NCREASE OR DECREASE IN RESERVES ON ACCOUNT OF OTHERS

Indicator : Increase or decrease in reserves on account of others
Field : resv_chg_dueto_oth
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field captures and reports any change (increase or decrease) in the reserves of the company as a re-
sult of changes in its accounting policies other than those pertaining to depreciation, inventory valuation, income
recognition, expense recognition and liabilities.

BALANCE CARRIED TO BALANCE SHEET 1159

Indicator : Balance carried to balance sheet
Field : bal_carried_to_bs
Data Type : Number
Description:
This data field reports the amount of unappropriated profit/loss that is transferred to the balance sheet during the
year.
This amount is arrived at after adjustment of prior period and extraordinary items, brought forward losses, appro-
priation of profits to various reserves and after providing for dividends.

1160 PBDITA

Indicator : PBDITA
Field : pbdita
Data Type : Number
Description:
PBDITA is profits before depreciation, interest, tax and amortisation. The measure is derived by adding back
depreciation, financial charges, direct tax provisions, amortisation, write offs and other provisions to the ‘profit
after tax’ figure.
Alternately, it can also be derived by deducting from the sum of total income and change in stocks, all expenses
except depreciation, financial charges, direct taxes, amortisation, write offs and other provisions. But, this would
make the expression tediously long.
In Prowess, the following equation is always true:
total income + change in stocks - total expenses = profit after tax
With this relationship always being true, several measures of profits are derived conveniently by adding back several
combinations of financial charges, non-cash charges, direct taxes, etc. to the profit after tax. PBDITA is one such
measure of profit.
In Prowess, PBDITA is derived as follows
P rof itaf tertax+writeof f s+(totalprovisions−provisionf orobscolescenceof rawmaterial−P rovisionf orestimatedlo
totaltaxexpenses + amortisation + depreciation + f inancialservicesexpenses
Where, Total tax expenses is derived as follows
P rovisionf ordirecttax + T axonextra − ordinaryincome + T axexpensesondiscontinuingoperations
PBDITA is an important indicator of the health of core business operations of a non-finance company. It is a
measure that shows the amount of profits that a non-finance company generates from its day-to-day business activ-
ities. PBDITA is the profit left after meeting all running expenses except financial charges, provisions for non-cash
charges such as depreciation and amortisation. These expenses are excluded from PBDITA because they are not
related to the day-to-day business operations of a non-finance company.
Financial charges for a non-finance company depends upon how it decides to fund its activities. A choice of greater
borrowed funds rather than own funds to finance activities would raise financial charges, but a company that relies
on internal funds by say, redeploying profits or by infusing fresh equity capital could keep financial charges low.
The exclusion of financial charges removes the effects of these choices on the profits and thereby focus more on
the profitability of the main operations of the company.
Depreciation and amortisation charges are non-cash charges. They are a function of the age of fixed assets of the
company and its decisions regarding creation of new capacities. A company with relatively old assets and with no
new plans to create capacities may have low depreciation expenses. Correspondingly, a company with young fixed
assets or an on-going plan to expand capacities substantially may have large depreciation charges. These situations
that arise out of the long-term strategies of a company and not out of the current operations.
Write-offs and other provisions like provision for bad debts or doubtful ones are creations of the past whose delin-
quency is accounted for in the current year. It is therefore excluded from the computation of the PBDITA.

PBDITA 1161
Taxes are an externality and these have a significant impact upon profits. More importantly, often the tax rate
depends upon the various fiscal sops available to a company. Many industries (such as export-oriented Information
Technology) have remained exempt from from direct taxes for over a decade. The PBDITA excludes these and
thereby removes the impact of these changes in the external environment. By excluding financial charges, depre-
ciation, amortisation and direct taxes, the PBDITA comes fairly close to measure the profits that can attributed
largely to the current operations of the company.
Provision for obscolescence of raw material & Provision for estimated losses on onerous contracts being operating
expenses are excluded while adding back total provision.
A company may be earning healthy PBDITA, but may report low profit after tax (PAT) if there is a higher proportion
of non-operating expenses like finance charges, depreciation, tax and amortisation. This is especially true for a
company that is in the growing stage. Such a company is usually engaged in capital expansion, which it funds
through borrowings. Hence, the company incurs high financial charges. It may also show large depreciation
charges as it has newly acquired assets and on-going expansion plans. These expenses claim a substantial amount
of current profits.
For such a company, simply viewing the PAT may not show the true picture. PBDITA is an important indicator of
profits for such a company. If the company earns healthy PBDITA, it indicates that the company has sound business
operations. Though it may earn lesser profit after tax in the initial years, rising PBDITA will enable it to service
interest payments and repay debt, which will gradually bring down its finance charges. And once the company
achieves significant scale of operation, it will be in a position to easily translate healthy PBDITA into higher PAT.
Similarly, there may be a company that has high PAT in spite of deteriorating PBDITA. This is possible if there
is a fall in non-operating expenses like interest, depreciation. In such a case, if the company does not improve
its PBDITA, it will become increasingly difficult for it to report higher PAT year after year. This is because a
deteriorating PBDITA will eventually reflect at the PAT level.
Hence, it is the PBDITA which is the true measure of the health of the main business operations of a non-finance
company.

1162 PBPT

Indicator : PBPT
Field : pbpt
Data Type : Number
Description:
PBPT refers to profits before provisions and taxes. The measure is derived by adding back provisions and total
direct taxes to the profit after tax figure.
Total direct taxes include ‘Provision for direct tax’, ‘Tax expenses of extra-ordinary/exceptional income’ and ‘Tax
expenses on discontinuing operations’
PBPT is essentially a measure of operating profits of banks and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). Finance
companies need to make provisions for loans given by them that may have turned delinquent. This delinquency
is often (though not entirely) a function of the economic environment. During periods of an economic slowdown,
companies with relatively weak financials have a higher probability of defaulting on the loans taken by them.
These defaults show up on the balance sheets of banks and NBFCs as non-performing assets for which they make
provisions. These provisions eat into the operating profits of a finance company.
However, often, when the economic conditions improve, non-performing assets start performing again and provi-
sions made earlier get written back. This boosts the profits of finance companies.
Since a significant part of the profits of financial services companies during times of economic turnarounds (for
better or for worse) are determined by the provisions or their write-backs, it is useful to see a measure of profit that
excludes this influence. The PBPT does exactly this. It excludes the effect of provisioning and taxation and gives
a measure of operating profits of banks and NBFCs.
The PBPT also excludes write-offs. Write-offs are similar to provisions but they are more conclusive in their belief
that a claim is unrecoverable.

PBT 1163

Indicator : PBT
Field : pbt
Data Type : Number
Description:
PBT is profits before tax. The measure is derived by adding back total direct taxes to the profit after tax figure.
Alternately, it can also be derived by deducting from the sum of total income and change in stocks, all expenses
except direct taxes. But, this would make the expression tediously long.
In Prowess, the following equation is always true:
total income + change in stocks - total expenses = profit after tax
With this relationship always being true, several measures of profits are derived conveniently by adding back
several combinations of financial charges, non-cash charges, direct taxes, etc. to the profit after tax. PBT is one
such measure of profit.
PBT is the profit left after meeting all expenses but before paying taxes.
Taxes are an externality that have a significant impact upon profits. Tax rate applicable for a company may change
over time and the profit after tax changes in line with the changes in tax rate. However, the PBT is not impacted by
changes in the tax rate.
Often the effective tax incidence on a company depends upon the various fiscal sops available to it. Many industries
(such as the export-oriented Information Technology) have remained exempt from from direct taxes for over a
decade. Sometimes, companies are exempted partly or fully from direct taxes if they invest in some regions or in
some industries. These industry- or region- specific exemptions vitiate inter-company comparison of the profits.
As Indian companies globalise, they are sometimes subjected to taxes applicable in different regimes. Their fi-
nancial statements therefore reflect these different direct tax regimes. This is particularly true of the consolidated
financial statements of Indian companies that have subsidiaries in different parts of the globe.
The PBT excludes taxes and it therefore removes the impact of diverse tax regimes applicable to the company. As
a result PBT is among the most comparable measure of profits when it comes to comparing various companies or
even industries.

1164 PBIT

Indicator : PBIT
Field : pbit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

PBIT NET OF P&E&OI&FI 1165

Indicator : PBIT net of P&E&OI&FI
Field : pbit_net_of_peoifi
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1166 C ASH PROFIT

Indicator : Cash profit
Field : cash_profit
Data Type : Number
Description:
Cash profit is the profit after tax (PAT) adjusted for the effect of non-cash transactions. Principally, these non-
cash transactions are depreciation, amortisation and write-offs. Since these are accounting entries that reflect some
notional expenditure but do not entail any cash outflow, they are added back to the PAT to derive the cash profit.
Cash profit is therefore, usually larger than PAT.
Depreciation, amortisation and write-offs are not the only non-cash transactions. The Prowess database captures
many more non-cash items and deploys all of these to derive the cash profit estimate.
Besides depreciation, amortisation and write-offs, other non-cash charges in the Prowess database are – loss on sale
of assets, loss on impairment of assets, loss because of change in valuation and accounting policies, non cash prior
period expenses. None of these involve any cash outgo although all of these are charged as expenses. All of these
are added back to the PAT to derive the cash profit.
There are some non-cash incomes also and these are deducted from the PAT. Gain due to change in accounting
policies and provisions written back are examples of non-cash incomes. These are deducted from the PAT. Other
non-cash incomes that are deducted are non-cash prior period income excluding provisions written back and de-
ferred tax assets & credits. Besides, a contra-entry made for depreciation provided in places where the company
did not provide depreciation (a rare occurance) is also deducted from the PAT.
The effort is to identify the non-cash transactions and to adjust them appropriately to arrive at a measure of cash
profits that a company generated during the year.
To remove the complexity of adjusting all these non-cash indicators in the cash profit calculation, CMIE has created
separate expressions to calculate total non-cash expenses and total non-cash income.
Further, an expression is created which calculates ‘Net non-cash expenses’. This expression is used in caculation
of cash profit.
Cash profit is derived as follows:
CASH_PROFIT = (PAT+NET_NON_CASH_EXP)

PAT NET OF P&E 1167

Indicator : PAT net of P&E
Field : pat_net_of_pe
Data Type : Number
Description:
PAT net of P&E is the profit after tax and after adjustments for prior period and extra-ordinary transactions. It is
derived by deducting all prior period and extra-ordinary (P&E) income from PAT and adding all P&E expenses to
PAT.
Prior period items are income or expenses which arise in the current period as a result of errors or omissions in the
preparations of the financial statements of one or more prior periods. Prior period incomes include transactions such
as bad debts recovered or provisions written back. Prior period expenses include transactions such as prior period
taxes or prior period depreciation. These transactions do not pertain to the accounting period under consideration
and they could vitiate our understanding of the profits that essentially reflect the current period’s performance.
Extra-ordinary items refer to any income or expenses which are clearly distinct from the ordinary business activities
of a company. Extra-ordinary incomes include profit on sale of fixed assets or insurance claims; and extra-ordinary
expenses include loss on sales of assets or loss on impairment of assets. These are not regular transactions of a
running business. Gain on sale of fixed assets is not an income generated from regular business activity, it is a
non-recurring gain. Such transactions also vitiate our understanding of the profits that essentially reflect the current
period’s performance.
A large gain or loss on account of prior period or extra-ordinary transaction can skew the current year’s profit figure.
As a result, there is merit in studying the PAT of a company after the effect of such prior period and extra-ordinary
transactions is removed. PAT net of P&E is a more stable estimate of the net profit than PAT. Excluding P&E
transaction also makes the PAT figure comparable over time.

1168 C ASH PROFIT NET OF P&E

Indicator : Cash profit net of P&E
Field : cash_profit_net_of_pe
Data Type : Number
Description:
Cash profit net of P&E is the profit after tax (PAT) adjusted for the effect of all non-cash transactions and further
adjusted for all the cash prior period and extra-ordinary transactions.
Principally, non-cash transactions are depreciation, amortisation and write-offs. Since these are accounting entries
that reflect some notional expenditure but do not entail any cash outflow, they are added back to the PAT to derive
cash profit. Cash profit is therefore, usually larger than PAT.
Depreciation, amortisation and write-offs are not the only non-cash transactions. The Prowess database captures
many more non-cash items and deploys all of these to derive the cash profit estimate.
Besides depreciation, amortisation and write-offs, other non-cash charges in the Prowess database are – loss on sale
of assets, loss on impairment of assets, loss because of change in valuation and accounting policies, non cash prior
period expenses. None of these involve any cash outgo although all of these are charged as expenses. All of these
are added back to the PAT to derive the cash profit.
There are some non-cash incomes also and these are deducted from the PAT. Gain due to change in accounting
policies and provisions written back are examples of non-cash incomes. These are deducted from the PAT. Other
non-cash incomes that are deducted are non-cash prior period income excluding provisions written back and de-
ferred tax assets & credits. Besides, a contra-entry made for depreciation provided in places where the company
did not provide depreciation (a rare occurance) is also deducted from the PAT.
The effort is to identify the non-cash transactions and to adjust them appropriately to arrive at a measure of cash
profits that a company generated during the year.
To remove the complexity of adjusting all these non-cash indicators in the cash profit calculation, CMIE has created
separate expressions to calculate total non-cash expenses and total non-cash income.
Further, an expression is created which calculates ’Net non-cash expenses’. This expression is used in caculation
of cash profit.
Cash profit is derived as follows:
CASH_PROFIT = (PAT+NET_NON_CASH_EXP)
Cash profit net of P&E further removes the effect of all the cash prior period and extra-ordinary transactions on
profits and gives the actual cash profit that a company generated from regular business operations.
Cash profit net of P&E is derived as follows:
CASH_PROFIT_NET_OF_PE = (CASH_PROFIT+CASH_PRIOR_PERIOD_EXTRA_ORDI_EXP-CASH_PRIOR_PERIOD_
Prior period items are income or expenses which arise in the current period as a result of errors or omissions in the
preparation of the financial statements of one or more prior periods. Extra-ordinary items refer to any income or
expenses which are clearly distinct from the ordinary business activities of a company.

C ASH PROFIT NET OF P&E 1169
A large gain or loss on account of prior period or extra-ordinary transaction can skew the current year’s cash profit
figure. As a result there is merit in studying the cash profit of a company after the effect of such prior period and
extra-ordinary transactions is removed. Cash profit net of P&E is a more stable estimate of profits than cash profit.
Excluding P&E transactions also makes the cash profit figure comparable over time.
It is also important to note that cash profit is not the cash that can be counted in the bank. Financial statements are
based on the principal of accrual accounting and income does no necessarily mean cash inflow and expense does
not necessarily mean a debit in the cash & bank balance.

1170 O PERATING PROFIT OF NON - FINANCIAL COMPANIES

Indicator : Operating profit of non-financial companies
Field : pbdita_net_of_peoifi
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operating profit of non-financial companies is profits before depreciation, interest, tax and amortisation; net of
prior period and extra-ordinary transactions, other income and income from financial services. The measure is
derived by adding back depreciation, financial charges, direct tax provisions and amortisations to the profit after
tax figure and deducting the net prior period and extra-ordinary income, other income and income from financial
services from the same.
Operating profit of non-financial companies is a more refined measure of PBDITA. It gives the value of profits
earned by a non-finance company from its core business operations. After removing the impact of non-operating
expenses like depreciation, financial charges, amortisation and provisions, this measure furhter removes the impact
of net prior period and extra-ordinary income, other income and income from financial services, on the profits of a
business.
Large gains or losses on account of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions can skew the profits of a company.
These are non-recurring transactions and do not form a part of the regular business activity of a company. Prior
period income include transactions such as bad debts recovered or provisions written back. Prior period expenses
include transactions such as prior period taxes or prior period depreciation. Extra-ordinary income include items
such as profit on sale of fixed assets or insurance claims, while extra-ordinary expenses include loss on sale of fixed
assets or loss on impairment of assets. Excluding such P&E transactions will give a more clear picture of the profits
a company generated purely from its business operations. Removing impact of P&E transactions also makes the
profit figure comparable over time.
Other income is also excluded from operating profit of non-financial companies. Other income in prowess includes
expenses recovered, liquidated damages or claims received and other miscellaneous income. Miscellaneous income
is a residual entry that includes all those sources of income that are not explicit. It is generally understood that other
income is income from sources that are not related to the main business of the company. In Prowess it also means
that it is income that is not identifiable in the nature of sales, or income from financial or non-financial services.
Income from financial services (principally, interest and dividends) are not, generally, generated from the main
operations or business of non-finance companies. Therefore, these are excluded from the operating profit of non-
financial companies.
By excluding financial charges, depreciation, amortisation, direct taxes, the net impact of prior period and extra-
ordinary transactions, income from financial services and other income, operating profit of non-financial companies
measures the profits that can be purely attributed to thecore business operations of the current year of a non-finance
company.

O PERATING PROFIT OF FINANCIAL COMPANIES 1171

Indicator : Operating profit of financial companies
Field : pbpt_net_of_peoi
Data Type : Number
Description:
Operating profit of financial companies is profits before provisions and taxes, net of prior period and extra-ordinary
transactions and net of other income. The measure is derived by adding back provisions and direct taxes to the
profit after tax figure and deducting the net prior period and extra-ordinary income and other income from the
same.
PBPT is essentially a measure of operating profits of banks and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). Finance
companies need to make provisions for loans given by them that may have turned delinquent. This delinquency
is often (though not entirely) a function of the economic environment. During periods of an economic slowdown,
companies with relatively weak financials have a higher probability of defaulting on the loans taken by them.
These defaults show up on the balance sheets of banks and NBFCs as non-performing assets for which they make
provisions. These provisions eat into the operating profits of a finance company.
However, often, when the economic conditions improve, non-performing assets start performing again and provi-
sions made earlier get written back. This boosts the profits of finance companies.
Since a significant part of the profits of financial services companies during times of economic turnarounds (for
better or for worse) are determined by the provisions or their write-backs, it is useful to see a measure of profit that
excludes this influence. The PBPT does exactly this. It excludes the effect of provisioning and taxation and gives
a measure of operating profits of banks and NBFCs.
The PBPT also excludes write-offs. Write-offs are similar to provisions but they are more conclusive in their belief
that a claim is unrecoverable.
In the expression operating profit of financial companies, we remove the impact of prior period, extra-ordinary
transactions and other income. This makes operating profit of financial companies a more sustainable estimate of
the operating profitability of a financial services company than the PBPT alone.

1172 PBPT NET OF P&E&OI TO INC FIN SERV

Indicator : PBPT net of P&E&OI to inc fin serv
Field : pbpt_net_of_peoi_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times

PBPT NET OF P&E&OI PER EMPLOYEE 1173

Indicator : PBPT net of P&E&OI per employee
Field : pbpt_net_of_peoi_no_of_employees
Data Type : Number
Description:
PBPT net of P & E refers to profits before provisions and taxes and after adjustments of prior period and extraor-
dinary transactions. The measure is derived by adding back provisions, direct taxes and adjusting prior period and
extraordinary transactions to the profit after tax figure.
PBPT net of P& E is essentially a measure of operating profit of banks and non-banking finance companies(NBFC).
The ratio operating profit of financial companies per employee is available only for those companies that disclose
the number of employees they have.
PBPT net of P& E per employee is a ratio that is computed in two steps. First the variable is converted into absolute
values by multiplying it by a function currval. The function currval converts the variable PBPT net of P& E from
its selected units (such as million, crore, etc) into absolute values. Next, this value is divided by 1000.
Thus, the formula to compute PAT per employee is:
((((pat + write_offs + total_provisions + prov_direct_tax - prior_period_extra_ordi_inc + prior_period_extra_ordi_exp
- oth_inc) * currval) / 1000) / no_of_employees)

1174 PAT FROM CONTINUING OPS AS % OF INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPS

Indicator : PAT from continuing ops as % of income from continuing ops
Field : pat_cont_ops_pc_inc_cont_ops
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio measures the net profit margin of a company from continuing operations.
It expresses profit after tax from continuing operations as a percentage of income from continuing operations.

PAT DISCONT OPS AS % OF INCOME FROM DISOCONT OPS 1175

Indicator : PAT discont ops as % of income from disocont ops
Field : pat_discont_ops_pc_inc_discont_ops
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio measures the net profit margin of a company from discontinuing operations.
This profit margin is calculated as PAT from disconitnuing operations as percentage of total income from discon-
tinuing operations.

1176 P ROVISIONS AS % OF PBDITA

Indicator : Provisions as % of PBDITA
Field : total_provisions_pc_pbdita
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Provisions as a percentage of PBDITA is a measure to understand the distribution of PBDITA.
To arrive at the profit after tax (PAT), a company is required to reduce its PBDITA by five non-operating charges.
These are provisions, write-offs, depreciation & amortisation, all financial charges and provisions for direct taxes.
The PBDITA may thus be considered as comprising provisions, write-offs, depreciation & amortisation, financial
charges, provisions for direct taxes and the PAT.
The expression ‘provision as a percentage of PBDITA’ measures the share of provisions in the PBDITA. In other
words, this expression measures the percentage of PBDITA that is consumed by provisioning charges.

W RITE OFFS AS % OF PBDITA 1177

Indicator : Write offs as % of PBDITA
Field : write_offs_pc_pbdita
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Write offs as a percentage of PBDITA is a measure to understand the distribution of PBDITA.
The expression ‘write offs as a precentage of PBDITA’ measures the share of write offs in the PBDITA. In other
words, this expression measures the percentage of PBDITA that is consumed by write offs by a company.

1178 D EPRECIATION AS % OF PBDITA

Indicator : Depreciation as % of PBDITA
Field : depreciation_pc_pbdita
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Depreciation as a percentage of PBDITA is a measure to understand the distribution of PBDITA.
The expression ‘depreciation as percentage of PBDITA’ measures the share of depreciation in PBDITA. In other
words, this expression measures the percentage of PBDITA that is consumed by depreciation charges.

A MORTISATION AS % OF PBDITA 1179

Indicator : Amortisation as % of PBDITA
Field : amortisation_pc_pbdita
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Amortisation as a percentage of PBDITA is a measure to understand the distribution of PBDITA.
The expression ‘amortisation as percentage of PBDITA’ measures the share of amortisation in PBDITA. In other
words, this expression measures the percentage of PBDITA that is consumed by amortisation charges.

1180 F INANCIAL SERVICES EXPENSES AS % OF PBDITA

Indicator : Financial services expenses as % of PBDITA
Field : fin_serv_exp_pc_pbdita
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Financial services expenses as a percentage of PBDITA is a measure to understand the distribution of PBDITA.
The expression ‘financial services expenses as percentage of PBDITA’ measures the share of financial charges
in PBDITA. In other words, this expression measures the percentage of PBDITA that is consumed by financial
charges. Financial charges refer to the amount of expenses incurred by a company for its subscription/use of
financial services.
Here, ’financial services expenses’ refer to financial services expenses net of financial services income.

D IRECT TAXES AS % OF PBDITA 1181

Indicator : Direct taxes as % of PBDITA
Field : prov_direct_tax_pc_pbdita
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Provision for total direct taxes as percentage of PBDITA is a measure to understand the distribution of PBDITA.
To arrive at the profit after tax (PAT), a company is required to reduce its PBDITA by five charges. These are
provisions, write-offs, depreciation & amortisation, all financial charges and provision for direct taxes.
This expression measures the share of total direct taxes provision in PBDITA. In other words, this expression
measures the percentage of PBDITA that is consumed by provision for total direct taxes.

1182 PAT AS % OF PBDITA

Indicator : PAT as % of PBDITA
Field : pat_pc_pbdita
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
PAT as percentage of PBDITA is a measure to understand the distribution of PBDITA.
These are provisions, write-offs, depreciation & amortisation, all financial charges and provision for direct taxes.
The expression ‘PAT as precentaga of PBDITA’ measures the share of PAT in PBDITA. In other words, This
expressiion measures the percentage of PBDITA that is retained as PAT by the company, after accounting for all
non-operating expenses.

E QUITY DIVIDEND AS % OF PAT 1183

Indicator : Equity dividend as % of PAT
Field : equity_div_inc_dist_pc_pat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the ratios used to understand the application of the net profit earned by a company. Broadly, profit
after tax (PAT) generated by a company is utilised for the following four purposes: (1) Payout of dividends to
equity shareholders, (2) payout of dividends to owners of preferance shares (if any), (3) payment of dividend tax
(if dividends are paid) and (4) profit retained in the business.
This expression measures the equity dividend that is paid to equity share owners, as a per cent of the total profit
after tax (PAT). It is computed only if the company makes profits, i.e. if PAT is greater than zero.

1184 P REF DIVIDEND AS % OF PAT

Indicator : Pref dividend as % of PAT
Field : pref_div_pc_pat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the ratios used to understand the application of the net profit earned by a company. Broadly, the
profit after tax (PAT) generated by a company is utilised for the following four purposes : (1) Payout of dividends
to equity shareholders, (2) payout of dividends to owners of preferance shares (if any), (3) dividend tax (if dividends
are paid) and (4) Profits retained in the business.
This expression measures the value of preference dividend that is paid to owners of preference shares, as a per cent
of the total profit after tax (PAT). It is computed only if the company makes profits, ie if PAT is greater than zero.

D IVIDEND TAX AS % OF PAT 1185

Indicator : Dividend tax as % of PAT
Field : div_tax_pc_pat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
profit after tax (PAT) generated by a company is utilised for the following four purposes: (1) Payout of equity
dividends to equity shareholders, (2) payout of dividends to owners of preferance shares (if any), (3) dividend tax
(if dividends are paid) and (4) profits retained in the business.
This expression measures the dividend tax as a per cent of the total profit after tax (PAT). It is computed only if the
company makes profits, i.e if PAT is greater than zero.

1186 R ETAINED PROFITS AS % OF PAT

Indicator : Retained profits as % of PAT
Field : retained_profits_pc_pat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
profit after tax (PAT) generated by a company is utilised for the following four purposes: (1) Payout of dividends to
equity shareholders, (2) payout of dividends to owners of preferance shares (if any), (3) dividend tax (if dividends
are paid) and (4) profits retained in the business.
This expression measures the profits that are retained after paying dividends and dividend taxes, as a per cent of
the total profit after tax (PAT). It is computed only if the company makes profits, ie if PAT is greater than zero.
This is the proportion of the profits that the company ploughs back into the business.

PBDITA AS % OF TOTAL INCOME 1187

Indicator : PBDITA as % of total income
Field : pbdita_pc_total_inc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the ratios of the profitability of total income.
PBDITA is profits before depreciation, interest, tax and amortisation. It is a close measure of the operating profits
of a non-finance company. It gives the amount of profits that a non-finance company generates from its day-to-day
business activities after meeting all operating expenses. PBDITA excludes non-cash charges such as depreciation
and amortisation. It also excludes financial services expenses and direct taxes. These expenses are excluded from
PBDITA because they are not related to the day-to-day business operations of a non-finance company.
Total income includes all sources of income - industrial sales (applicable mostly to manufacturing, mining &
utility companies), income from non-financial services (such as from trading or aviation, shipping, IT, telecom,
hospitality, media, entertainment, etc.), income from financial services (such as interest earned) and other income.
It also includes income from prior period and extra-ordinary transactions.
The ratio of PBDITA as percentage of total income measures the percentage of PBDITA that a company generated
from the total income it earned during the year.
Normally, a company should make sufficient profits at the PBDITA level so that it can account for depreciation and
amortisation, pay for its debt servicing costs and direct taxes. After accounting for these non-operating expenses,
the company should have sufficient amount of net profit.
A healthy PBDITA to total income ratio indicates that a company is generating good profits from its day-to-day
business operations.
The ratio PBDITA as percentage of total income compares a narrowly defined measure of profit to a broadly defined
total income. As a result, of all the measures of profitability, this yields the highest value of profitability of income.

1188 PBT AS % OF TOTAL INCOME

Indicator : PBT as % of total income
Field : pbt_pc_total_inc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
PBT as percentage of total income is one of the measures of profitability of a company. The ratio gives the
percentage of profit that a company generated from the total income it earned during a period, after meeting all the
expenses but before paying direct taxes.
The ratio of PBT to total income is among the most comparable measures of profitability when it comes to com-
paring various companies in an industry, or even when comparing various industries. This is because it removes
the impact of taxation, which often varies depending upon the industry or the country of business.
Often the effective tax incidence of a company depends upon the various fiscal sops available to it. Many industries
(such as the export-oriented information technology sector) have remained exempt from direct taxes for over a
decade. Sometimes, companies are exempted partly or fully from direct taxes if they invest in some regions or in
some industries (for eg. companies established in Special Economic Zones). Such tax exemptions prop up the net
profits of a company.
As Indian companies globalise, they are sometimes subjected to taxes applicable in different regimes. The finan-
cial statements therefore reflect these different tax regimes. This is particularly true of the consolidated financial
statements of Indian companies that have subsidiaries in different parts of the globe.
PBT is not impacted by such industry or region specific tax exemptions. PBT excludes the effect of taxes on profits
and therefore removes the impact of diverse tax regimes applicable to a company.
This makes the ratio ‘PBT as percentage of total income’ one of the best measures of profitability for inter-company
comparisons within an industry or for inter-industry comparisons.

PAT AS % OF TOTAL INCOME 1189

Indicator : PAT as % of total income
Field : pat_pc_total_inc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
PAT as percentage of total income is a measure of the net profit margin of a company. The ratio gives the percentage
of net profit that a company generated from the total income it earned during a period, after meeting all expenses.
In other words, it is a measure of how good a company is at converting income earned into profits. A company’s net
profit margin ideally tells us how much after-tax profit the business makes for every rupee it generates as income.
Total income includes all sources of income – industrial sales (applicable mostly to manufacturing, mining &
utility companies), income from non-financial services (such as from trading or aviation, shipping, IT, telecom,
hospitality, media, entertainment, etc.), income from financial services (such as interest earned) and other income.
It also includes income from prior period or extra-ordinary transactions.
PAT is derived as: Total income + change in stock - total expenses = PAT
Change in stock is the net increase / (decrease) in stocks of finished and semi-finished goods and work-in-progress.
Total expenses include expenses on raw materials, stores & spares, packaging, purchase of finished goods, energy
expenses, compensation to employees, royalties, rents, repairs, insurance, outsourced manufacturing and profes-
sional jobs, selling & distribution, travel, communications, printing, other operating expenses and miscellaneous
expenses.
It also includes indirect taxes, depreciation, amortisations, write-offs, prior period expenses charged in current year,
extra-ordinary expenses and provision for direct taxes.
PAT thus takes into account all sources of income and expenses. It does not make any adjustments for prior period
or extra-ordinary transactions. It considers all transactions of the profit and loss account to arrive at the net profit.
PAT as percentage of total income is thus the final profit margin earned by a company. Net profit margin may vary
across different industries. It can also vary across companies in an industry depending upon the company’s pricing
strategy or how well it controls costs. But all else being equal, the higher a company’s net profit margin compared
to its competitors, the better. A very low profit margin indicates a higher risk that a decline in sales or rise in
expenses may erase profits and result in net loss to a company.

1190 C ASH PROFIT AS % OF TOTAL INCOME

Indicator : Cash profit as % of total income
Field : cash_profit_pc_total_inc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
Cash profit is the profit after tax (PAT) adjusted for the effect of non-cash transactions on the profits. Principally,
these non-cash transactions are depreciation, amortisation and write-offs. There are a few others as well, such as
loss on impairment of assets, etc. Since these are accounting entries that reflect some notional expenditure but do
not entail any cash outflow, they are added back to the PAT. Non-cash incomes, such as provisions written back are
deducted from the PAT to arrive at the cash profits.
This ratio compares percentage of cash profit generated during an accounting period from the total income earned.
Cash, it is often stated, is the king in business. This ratio measures the company’s ability to generate cash from the
business it does in a year. A company’s cash profit margin ideally tells us how much cash profit the business makes
for every rupee it generates as income.
It is important to note that cash profit is not the cash that can be counted in the bank. Financial statements are
based on the principal of accrual accounting and income does no necessarily mean cash inflow and expense does
not necessarily mean a debit in the cash & bank balance.

PBDITA NET OF P&E AS % OF TOTAL INCOME NET OF P&E 1191

Indicator : PBDITA net of P&E as % of total income net of P&E
Field : pbdita_net_of_peoifi_pc_tot_inc_net_of_pe
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the ratios of profitability of total income. It is similar to the ratio PBDITA as percentage of total
income. The only difference being this ratio removes the impact of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions on
the profitability.
PBDITA is profits before depreciation, interest, tax and amortisation. It is a close measure of the operating profits
of a non-finance company. It gives the amount of profits that a non-finance company generates from its day-to-day
business activities after meeting all operating expenses. PBDITA excludes non-cash charges such as depreciation
and amortisation. It also excludes financial services expenses and direct taxes. These expenses are excluded from
PBDITA because they are not related to the day-to-day business operations of a non-finance company. For the
purpose of calculating this measure of profitability, prior period and extra-ordinary transactions are also excluded
from PBDITA.
Total income in this case includes all sources of income - industrial sales (applicable mostly to manufacturing,
mining & utility companies), income from non-financial services (such as from trading or aviation, shipping, IT,
telecom, hospitality, media, entertainment, etc.), income from financial services (such as interest earned) and other
income. However, it excludes prior period and extra-ordinary transactions.
The effect of income or expenses on account of prior period or extra-ordinary transactions is removed from the ratio
because profits of a company are quite vulnerable to such transactions. Prior period items are income or expenses
which arises in the current period as a result of errors or omissions in the preparation of the financial statements
of one or more prior periods. This include prior period taxes and prior period depreciation, bad debts recovered or
provisions written back.
The recovery of some bad debts or provisions written back can substantially inflate profits of the year in which
these are accounted although these transactions do not pertain to the operations during the year. On the other hand,
payment of taxes of prior years can reduce the profits estimate for the year.
Extra-ordinary transactions refer to any income or expenses which are clearly distinct from the ordinary business
activity of a company. These include profit / loss on sale of fixed assets, gain / loss on change in accounting policies,
insurance claims, tax on extra-ordinary income. A large gain or loss on account of extra-ordinary transaction can
skew the current year’s PBDITA although these transactions do not pertain to the ordinary business activity of a
company.
To derive a more accurate estimate of the profits generated by a company from its business operations during an
accounting period, it is useful to remove the impact of transactions that pertain to prior periods (P) or are extra-
ordinary (E) in nature. PBDITA net of P&E is such a measure.
When PBDITA net of P&E is compared to total income to derive the corresponding profit margin, total income is
also reduced by the same P&E items. This makes the numerator and the denominator comparable.
By removing the impact of P&E transactions, the ratio of PBDITA net of P&E to total income net of P&E measures
the percentage of PBDITA that a company generated purely from the regular business operations during an account-

1192 PBDITA NET OF P&E AS % OF TOTAL INCOME NET OF P&E
ing period. This makes the ratio a more stable estimate of profitability as compared to ‘PBDITA as percentage of
total income’.

PBPT NET OF P&E&OI AS % OF TOTAL INCOME NET OF P&E 1193

Indicator : PBPT net of P&E&OI as % of total income net of P&E
Field : pbpt_net_of_peoi_pc_tot_inc_net_of_pe
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the ratios of profitability of total income. Such a ratio is more relevant for financial companies, since
it measures the profitability of a financial company via a comparison of its operating profits to its total income.
The measure of profit in this ratio is PBPT net of prior period, extra-ordinary and other incomes. This is profit
before provisions and direct taxes adjusted for prior period and extra-ordinary transactions and also other income.
Income from financial services includes income from fee based financial services income (such as those earned
from brokerage) and income from fund based services (such as lending to earn interest income or investing to earn
dividends, bill discounting or treasury operations, etc.)
Financial companies earn their profits from such financial services. This ratio is used to compare the profits of
finance companies before provisions, taxes and prior period and extra-ordinary transactions and other income to
the total revenues generated by these companies.
Finance companies need to make provisions for loans given by them that may have turned delinquent. This delin-
quency is often, to some extent, a function of the economic environment. During periods of an economic slow-
down, companies with relatively weak financials have a higher probability of defaulting on the loans taken by them,
thereby inflating provisions which eat into the operating profits. However, when the economic conditions improve,
non-performing assets might start performing again and provisions made earlier get written back. Hence, it is use-
ful to exclude the influence of provisions. The PBPT also excludes write-offs, which are similar to provisions but
are more conclusive in their belief that a claim is not recoverable.
Taxes are excluded from this measure of profits because these are an externality that depend upon government
policies that are often industry- specific. In an age of globalisation, tax regimes of different countries and their tax
treaties with India can have a bearing on the tax incidence of individual companies. Since tax rates and regimes
change over time, it is useful to see the returns that equity shareholders get without considering the changing tax
incidence.
Prior period and extra-ordinary incomes are removed and similar expenses are added back to derive a measure of
profits that corresponds better to the current year’s activities. Write-backs of provisions are treated as prior period
transactions and therefore these get netted out as a result.

1194 N ET PROFIT MARGIN

Indicator : Net profit margin
Field : pat_net_of_pe_pc_tot_inc_net_of_pe
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is a more refined measure of the net profit margin of a company. The net profit margin is calculated as
PAT as percentage of total income. This ratio removes the impact of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions
on the net profit margin of a company.
The net profit, or profit after tax of a company is quite vulnerable to prior period and extra-ordinary transactions.
Prior period items are income or expenses which arises in the current period as a result of errors or omissions in
the preparation of the financial statements of one or more prior periods. This include prior period taxes and prior
period depreciation, bad debts recovered or provisions written back.
The recovery of some bad debts or provisions written back can substantially inflate profits of the year in which
these are accounted although these transactions do not pertain to the operations during the year. On the other hand,
payment of taxes of prior years can reduce the profits estimate for the year.
insurance claims, tax on extra-ordinary income. A large gain or loss on account of extra-ordinary transaction
can skew the current year’s PAT although these transactions do not pertain to the ordinary business activity of a
company.
ordinary (E) in nature. PAT net of P&E is such a measure.
When PAT net of P&E is compared to total income to derive the corresponding profit margin, total income is also
reduced by the same P&E items. This makes the numerator and the denominator comparable.
There is merit in studying the ratio PAT net of P&E as percentage of total income net of P&E. This is because
the ratio gives the net profit margin earned by a company from its regular business transactions pertaining to the
current accounting period. This makes it a more stable estimate of net profit margin since it removes the impact
of prior-period and extra-ordinary transactions, which can skew current year’s income and PAT. Also, net profit
margin net of P&E is a more comparable measure of profitability over different time periods.

C ASH PROFIT NET OF P&E AS % OF TOTAL INCOME NET OF P&E 1195

Indicator : Cash profit net of P&E as % of total income net of P&E
Field : cash_profit_net_of_pe_pc_tot_inc_net_of_pe
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is a more refined measure of the cash profit margin of a company. Cash profit margin is calculated as
cash profit as percentage of total income.
Cash profit is the profit after tax (PAT) adjusted for the effect of non-cash transactions on the profits. Principally,
these non-cash transactions are depreciation, amortisation and write-offs. Since these are accounting entries that
reflect some notional expenditure but do not entail any cash outflow, they are added back to the PAT. Non-cash
incomes, such as provisions written back are deducted from the PAT to arrive at the cash profit.
Cash profit net of P&E removes the impact of prior-period and extra-ordinary transactions on the cash profit. Prior
period items are income or expenses which arises in the current period as a result of errors or omissions in the
preparation of the financial statements of one or more prior periods. This include prior period taxes and bad debts
recovered.
The recovery of some bad debts can substantially inflate profits of the year in which these are accounted although
these transactions do not pertain to the operations during the year. On the other hand, payment of taxes of prior
years can reduce the profits estimate for the year.
insurance claims, tax on extra-ordinary income. A large gain or loss on account of extra-ordinary transaction can
skew the current year’s cash profit although these transactions do not pertain to the ordinary business activity of a
company.
ordinary (E) in nature. Cash profit net of P&E is such a measure.
When cash profit net of P&E is compared to total income to derive the corresponding profit margin, total income
is also reduced by the same P&E items. This makes the numerator and the denominator comparable.
There is merit in studying the ratio cash profit net of P&E as percentage of total income net of P&E. This is
because the ratio measures a company’s ability to generate cash from its regular business transactions pertaining
to the current accounting period. This makes it a more stable estimate of cash profit margin since it removes the
impact of prior-period and extra-ordinary transactions, which can skew current year’s income and cash profit. Also,
cash profit margin net of P&E is a more comparable measure of profitability over different time periods.

1196 PBDITA NET OF P&E&OI&FI AS % OF SALES & CHG IN STK

Indicator : PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI as % of sales & chg in stk
Field : pbdita_net_of_peoifi_pc_sales_chg_in_stk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio compares the PBDITA net of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions and other income to sales and
change in stock.
PBDITA net of PE&OI is profits before depreciation, interest, tax and amortisation and net of prior period and
extra-ordinary transactions and of other income. PBDITA net of PE&OI is a reasonably close measure of the
operating profit. It excludes non-cash charges such as depreciation and amortisation. It also excludes financial
charges and direct taxes. And, it excludes the impact of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions both on the
income and expenses side. Other income is also not part of the main operations of a business. Therefore, PBDITA
net of PE&OI is a reasonably close measure of operating profits.
The PBDITA net of PE&OI is compared to sales and not to total income. Sales only includes industrial sales
and income from non-financial services. It excludes income from financial services (such as interest earned or
dividends earned) and other income.
Prior period and extra-ordinary transactions can influence profit measures substantially in some periods. Netting
out these transactions yield a more stable and sustainable estimate of the profitability. Other income is not generated
from sales and is therefore excluded from the profits estimate in the numerator.
The denominator also includes the net increase in inventories. It is therefore sales plus net change in stocks.

O PERATING PROFIT MARGIN OF NON - FINANCIAL COMPANIES 1197

Indicator : Operating profit margin of non-financial companies
Field : pbdita_net_of_peoifi_pc_sales
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio is a measure of the profitability of core business operations of a non-finance company.
PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI is the profit before depreciation, interest, direct tax and amortisation adjusted for
the effect of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions, other income and income from financial services. The
indicator is a measure of operating profit of a non-finance company since it excludes all income and expenses that
are not related to the main operations of a non-finance company.
PBDITA net of P&E&OI& FI is ideally the profit that a non-finance company generates from its day-to-day busi-
ness activities. Expenses like depreciation, interest, tax and amortisation are excluded because they do not relate
to the day-to-day business operations of a non-finance company. Similarly, other income and income from finan-
cial services are also not a part of the main business operations of a non-finance company. Hence, these are also
excluded. Prior period and extra-ordinary transactions arise in the current period as a result of errors or omissions
in the preparation of the financial statements of on or more period. They are clearly distinct from the ordinary
business activities of a company and are hence excluded.
Since the ratio PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI as percentage of sales attempts to measure the profitability from core
business operations of a non-finance company, it considers net sales in the denominator and not total income. Total
income includes all sources income whereas sales includes only the income from pure business activity.
The ratio can also be called as the operating profit margin of a non-finance company. PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI
ideally tells us how much operating profit the business makes for every rupee it generates as sales. In other words,
it is a measure of how good a company is at converting sales into operating profits.
A consistently healthy operating profit margin indicates that a company has sound business operations. In contrast,
if a company consistently reports weak operating profit margin, it is an indication that it is not managing its day-
to-day activities well and this can spell trouble in future.
Operating profit margin can vary for different industries. It can also vary among different companies in the same
industry depending upon the company’s pricing strategy or how well it manages to keep operating costs under
control. But, all else being equal, the higher a company’s operating profit margin compared to its peers, the better.

1198 O PERATING PROFIT MARGIN OF FINANCIAL COMPANIES

Indicator : Operating profit margin of financial companies
Field : pbpt_net_of_peoi_pc_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field captures the value of a ratio measuring the profit margin that financial services companies command
in their main line of business, which is to provide financial services. This indicator is relevant to finance companies
(banks and NBFCs), since it measures the ratio of the operating income of finance companies to their income
earned from financial services.
before provisions and direct taxes and net of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions and also net of other
income.
finance companies before taxes and net of net prior period and extra-ordinary incomes and other income to the
revenues generated by these companies by providing financial services.
Finance companies majorly earn income by lending funds and charging interest thereon. When loans turn bad,
they need to make provisions for such delinquencies. Such delinquencies are often a reflection of the existing
economic environment. During periods of economic stress, borrowing companies with relatively weak financials
have a higher probability of defaulting, thereby inflating provisions, which in turn eat into operating profits. In
contrast, when economic conditions improve, non-performing assets might start performing again. In such cases,
provisions made earlier will get written back. This shows that provisions are greatly influenced by prevailing
economic conditions. Hence, it is useful to exclude the influence of provisions. Write-offs, which are similar to
provisions but are more conclusive in their belief that a claim is not recoverable, are also excluded.
Taxes are excluded from this measure of profits, because these are influenced by government policies, which might
be industry-specific. In an age of globalisation, tax regimes of different countries and their tax treaties with India
can have a bearing on the tax incidence of individual companies. Since tax rates and regimes change over time, it
is more useful to exclude their impact, and instead observe the profits that equity shareholders are expected to get
without considering the changing tax incidence.
In order to derive a measure of profits that corresponds more exclusively with the current year’s activities, prior
period and extra-ordinary incomes are removed, and similar expenses are added back. Write-backs of provisions
are treated as prior period transactions and therefore these get netted out as a result.

PBPT NET OF P&E&OI AS % OF NET WORTH 1199

Indicator : PBPT net of P&E&OI as % of net worth
Field : pbpt_net_of_peoi_pc_avg_networth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the indicators measuring a company’s return over investments. It is more relevant to finance
companies (banks and non-banking finance companies), analysing the profits that financial services companies
command in their main line of business, which is to provide financial services. It measures the ratio of the operating
income of finance companies to their net worth.
The numerator is, therefore, a more stable indicator of a company’s, especially a finance company’s operating
profits.
The denominator of this ratio is the average of the net worth of the company, i.e. the average of the values of a
company’s net worth at the beginning and at the end of the year. The net worth of a company is what it owes its
equity share holders. This consists of the monies put into the company by the equity share holders in the form of
equity capital and the profits generated and retained as reserves by the company. An average is calculated since the
net worth at the year-end was not the actual value that was entirely available for the generation of profit during the

1200 PBPT NET OF P&E&OI AS % OF NET WORTH
year. Similarly, the start-of-year net worth was also not the entire net worth that was available during the year. Net
worth is dynamic in nature. Hence, an average is computed in order to arrive at a more credible valuation of the net
worth at the disposal of the company.
This ratio is computed only when the net worth (which is the denominator) is greater than zero. If the net worth is
zero, then the ratio cannot be computed because division by zero is undefined.
A negative net worth will render the ratio meaningless. Although profits in spite of a negative net worth would oth-
erwise mean a positive reflection of the company’s performance, technically the ratio is a negative value, indicating
a negative return on a negative net worth. Interpretation of such a negative value could be mis-leading, because a
negative ratio could also mean losses in spite of a positive net worth. Likewise, if profits during the year are also
negative like the net worth, then the ratio will yield a positive value. This would be mis-leading because a negative
net worth would yield a positive return although there were no profits. hence, it would make sense to calculate this
ratio only when a company’s net worth is positive.

R ETURN ON NET WORTH 1201

Indicator : Return on net worth
Field : pat_net_of_pe_pc_avg_networth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the measures of returns over investments. The ratio measures the percentage of profits that a company
generates with the money that shareholders have invested in the business. Net worth is the sum of the funds provided
by the equity shareholders and the accumulated reserves of the company. Net worth is always net of revaluation
reserves, if any.
Since the ratio uses PAT net of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions rather than only PAT, it is a better
measure of returns on net worth. This is because profit after tax of a company is quite vulnerable to prior period
and extra-ordinary transactions. Prior period items are income or expenses which arises in the current period as
a result of errors or omissions in the preparation of the financial statements of one or more prior periods. Extra-
ordinary transactions refer to any income or expenses which are clearly distinct from the ordinary business activity
of a company.
A large gain or loss on account of P&E transactions can skew a company’s current year’s PAT generated from
regular business operations and vitiate our understanding of the returns on net worth. This ratio is thus a more
stable estimate of returns on net worth.
The denominator of this ratio is the average of the net worth of the company at the beginning of the year and at the
end of the year.
The denominator is an average because the end-of-year net worth was not entirely available for the generation of
profit during the year. It is thus, not the appropriate denominator to use. Use of the end-of-year net worth may
under-estimate the returns because usually, the net worth increases during a year.
Similarly, since the start-of-year net worth was also not the entire net worth that was available during the year
it is also not the appropriate denominator. Net worth changes during the year but, the financial statements only
provide end-of-period values. A good approximation of the net worth available to the company during the year is
the average of the start-of-year and end-of-year net worth values. This is what is used in the ratio.
If the net worth is less than zero, i.e. if it is negative then, the resultant ratio is either meaningless or it is mis-
leading. When the net worth is negative and the profits during a year is positive, then the ratio yields a negative
value, indicating a negative return on a negative net worth. This is meaningless. If the profits during the year are
also negative, then the ratio yields a positive value because the net worth is also negative. This would be mis-leading
because a negative net worth would yield a positive return although there were no profits.
As a result, Prowess computes returns on net worth only if net worth is positive.

1202 PAT AS % OF NET WORTH

Indicator : PAT as % of net worth
Field : pat_pc_avg_networth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the measures of returns over investments. The ratio measures the percentage of profits that a company
generates with the money that shareholders have invested in the business. Net worth is the sum of the funds provided
by the equity shareholders and the accumulated reserves of the company. Net worth is always net of revaluation
reserves, if any.
PAT is profit after tax. It is the profit generated after all expenses are deducted from the sum of total income
and change in stocks. PAT is the profit over which all equity shareholders have a claim. It can be distributed as
dividends or redeployed into the business.
PAT as percentage of average net worth is also commonly known as return on equity (ROE). It shows a firm’s
efficiency at generating profits from every unit of shareholders equity. The higher the ratio, the more effiecient the
management is in utilising its equity base.
The numerator of this ratio is the PAT generated by the company during an accounting period. The denominator of
this ratio is the average of the networth of the company at the begining of the year and at the end of the year.
profit during the year. It is thus, not an appropriate denominator to use. Use of the end-of-year net worth may
Similarly, since the start-of-year net worth was not the entire net worth that was available during the year it is
also not the appropriate denominator. Net worth changes during the year but, the financial statements only provide
end-of-period values. Thus, a good approximation of the net worth available to the company during the year is the
average of the start-of-year and end-of-year net worth values. This is what is used in the ratio.
If the net worth is less than zero, i.e. if it is negative then, the resultant ratio is either meaningless or it is mis-
leading. When the net worth is negative and the profits during a year is positive, then the ratio yields a negative
value, indicating a negative return on a negative net worth. This is meaningless. If the profits during the year
are also negative, then the ratio yields a positive value because the net worth is also negative. This would be
mis-leadingly because a negative net worth would yield a positive return although there were no profits.
Return on net worth measures how much return a company can generate for its equity shareholders. It is the most
appropriate ratio for judging the returns that a shareholder gets on his investment.

R ETURN ( CASH ) ON NET WORTH 1203

Indicator : Return (cash) on net worth
Field : cash_profit_pc_avg_networth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the measures of the returns that a business generates on funds provided by its equity shareholders.
The ratio ideally gives the percentage of cash profit that a company generates with the money that shareholders
have invested in the business.
Net worth, is the sum of the funds provided by the equity shareholders and the accumulated reserves of the company.
Net worth is always net of revaluation reserves, if any.
Cash profit is the profit after tax adjusted for the effect of non-cash transactions. Principally, these non-cash
transactions are depreciation, amortisation and write-offs. These and other similar non-cash charges are added
back to the PAT. Correspondingly, non-cash incomes are deducted from the PAT to derive the cash profit generated
by a business during a year.
The denominator of this ratio is the average of the net worth of the company at the beginning of the year and at the
end of the year.
profit during the year. It is thus, not the appropriate denominator to use. Use of the end-of-year net worth may
Similarly, since the start-of-year net worth was also not the entire net worth that was available during the year it is
also not the appropriate denominator. Net worth changes during the year but, the financial statements only provide
end-of-period values. Thus, a good approximation of the net worth available to the company during the year is the
average of the start-of-year and end-of-year net worth values. This is what is used in the ratio.
If the net worth is less than zero, ie if it is negative then, the resultant ratio is either meaningless or it is mis-leading.
When the net worth is negative and the profits during a year is positive, then the ratio yields a negative value,
indicating a negative return on a negative net worth. This is meaningless. If the profits during the year are also
negative, then the ratio yields a positive value because the net worth is also negative. This would be mis-leading
because a negative net worth would yield a positive return although there were no profits.

1204 PBPT NET OF P&E&OI AS % OF CAPITAL EMPLOYED

Indicator : PBPT net of P&E&OI as % of capital employed
Field : pbpt_net_of_peoi_pc_avg_capital_employed
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the measures of return over investments. It is more relevant to finance companies (banks and non-
banking finance companies) since it analyses the profits earned by financial services companies from their main
business operations, which is to provide finance. It measures the percentage of profits that a finance company
generates with the total capital employed.
The numerator is, therefore, a stable indicator of a company’s, (especially a finance company’s) operating profits.
The denominator of this ratio is the average value of the capital employed, i.e. the average of the values of a
company’s capital employed at the beginning and at the end of the year. Capital employed is the sum of all
shareholders’ funds and total borrowings. In essence, it is the value of total funds raised from owners of equity
and preference capital and from lenders, and deployed by a company into the business. It includes paid up equity
capital, paid up and forfeited equity capital, contribution made to capital by government, accumulated reserves, all

PBPT NET OF P&E&OI AS % OF CAPITAL EMPLOYED 1205
convertible warrants and all borrowings. However, revaluation reserves and miscellaneous expenses not written off
are excluded.
An average is calculated since the outstanding value of capital employed at the year-end was not the actual value
that was entirely available for the generation of profit during the year. Similarly, the start-of-year net worth was also
not the entire capital employed that was available during the year. Since capital employed is dynamic in nature, an
average is computed in order to arrive at a more credible valuation.

1206 R ETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED

Indicator : Return on capital employed
Field : pat_net_of_pe_pc_avg_capital_employed
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the measures of returns over investments and is commonly known as return on capital employed. The
ratio measures the percentage of net profit that a company generates with the total capital employed in the business.
It is a ratio that indicates the profitability and efficiency of a company’s capital investments.
Capital employed includes funds provided by the shareholders and lenders.

Shareholders funds is the sum of the funds provided by equity and preference shareholders and the accumulated
reserves of the company. Revaluation reserves, if any, are not included. Funds provided by lenders include all
secured and unsecured, short-term and long-term borrowings by the company.
measure of returns on capital employed. This is because profit after tax of a company is quite vulnerable to prior
period and extra-ordinary transactions. Prior period items are income or expenses which arises in the current period
as a result of errors or omissions in the preparation of the financial statements of one or more prior periods. Extra-
of a company.
regular business operations and vitiate our understanding of the returns on capital employed. This ratio is thus a
more stable estimate of returns on capital employed.
The denominator of this ratio is the average of the capital employed by the company as of the beginning of the year
and end of the year.
The denominator is an average because the end-of-year capital employed was not entirely available for the gener-
ation of profit during the year. It is thus, not the appropriate denominator to use. Use of the end-of-year capital
employed may under-estimate the returns because usually, the capital employed increases during a year.
Similarly, since the start-of-year capital employed was also not the entire capital employed that was available during
the year it is also not the appropriate denominator. Capital employed changes during the year but, the financial
statements only provide end-of-period values. Thus, a good approximation of the capital employed available to the
company during the year is the average of the start-of-year and end-of-year capital employed values. This is what
is used in the ratio.
This ratio is computed only when the capital employed (which is the denominator) is greater than zero. If the
capital employed is zero, then the ratio cannot be computed because division by zero is undefined.
If the capital employed is less than zero, i.e. if it is negative then, the resultant ratio is either meaningless or it is
mis-leading. When the capital employed is negative and the profits during a year is positive, then the ratio yields
a negative value, indicating a negative return on a negative capital employed. This is meaningless. If the profits
during the year are also negative, then the ratio yields a positive value because the capital employed is also negative.
This would be mis-leading because a negative capital employed would yield a positive return although there were
no profits.

R ETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED 1207
As a result, Prowess computes returns on capital employed only if the amount of capital employed is positive.

1208 PAT AS % OF CAPITAL EMPLOYED

Indicator : PAT as % of capital employed
Field : pat_pc_avg_capital_employed
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the measures for returns over investments and is commonly known as return on capital employed.
The ratio measures the percentage of net profit that a company generates with the total capital employed in the
business. It is a ratio that indicates the profitability and efficiency of a company’s capital investments.
Capital employed includes funds provided by the shareholders and lenders.
Shareholders funds is the sum of the funds provided by equity and preference shareholders and the accumulated
reserves of the company. Revaluation reserves, if any, are not included. Funds provided by lenders include all
secured and unsecured, short-term and long-term borrowings by the company.
PAT is the profit after tax. It is the profit generated after all expenses are deducted from the sum of total income
and change in stocks. This is the profit over which all shareholders have a claim. It can be distributed as dividends
or redeployed into the business.
The numerator of this ratio is the PAT generated by the company during an accounting period. The denominator of
this ratio is the average of the capital employed by the company as of the beginning of the year and end of the year.
The denominator is an average because the end-of-year capital employed was not entirely available for the gener-
ation of profit during the year. It is thus, not the appropriate denominator to use. Use of the end-of-year capital
employed may under-estimate the returns because usually, the capital employed increases during a year.
Similarly, since the start-of-year capital employed was also not the entire capital employed that was available during
the year, it is also not the appropriate denominator. Capital employed changes during the year but, the financial
statements only provide end-of-period values. Thus, a good approximation of the capital employed available to the
company during the year is the average of the start-of-year and end-of-year capital employed values. This is what
is used in the ratio.
PAT as percentage of average capital employed is computed only when the capital employed (which is the denom-
inator) is greater than zero. If the capital employed is zero, then the ratio cannot be computed because division by
zero is undefined.
If the capital employed is less than zero, i.e. if it is negative then, the resultant ratio is either meaningless or it is
mis-leading. When the capital employed is negative and the profits during a year is positive, then the ratio yields
a negative value, indicating a negative return on a negative capital employed. This is meaningless. If the profits
during the year are also negative, then the ratio yields a positive value because the capital employed is also negative.
This would be mis-leading because a negative capital employed would yield a positive return although there were
no profits.
As a result, Prowess computes returns on capital employed only if the value of capital employed is positive.
Return on capital employed is a useful measure for comparing the relative profitability of companies. It is possible
that a company’s profit margin is higher than that of another company, but its ability to get better returns on its
capital may be lower. Thus, return on capital employed is a measure of efficiency also. If a company has low
returns of capital employed, it means that it is using its resources inefficiently, even if its profit margin is high.

PBPT NET OF P&E&OI AS % OF TOTAL ASSETS ( EXCL REVAL ) 1209

Indicator : PBPT net of P&E&OI as % of total assets (excl reval)
Field : pbpt_net_of_peoi_pc_avg_tot_asset_net_menow_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This data field is one of the indicators measuring a company’s return over its investments. It is more relevant to
finance companies (banks and non-banking finance companies) since it analyses the profits earned by financial
services companies from their main business operations, which is to provide finance. It measures the ratio of the
operating income of finance companies to the average value of a company’s total assets (excluding revaluation).
Effectively, it is an indicator that can be used to compare the efficiency of a company’s assets and their ability to
generate profits.
before provisions and direct taxes and net of prior period and extra-ordinary transactions and also net of other
income.
Finance companies largely earn income by way of lending funds and charging interest thereon. When loans turn
bad, they need to make provisions for such delinquencies. Such delinquencies are often a reflection of the existing
The numerator is, therefore, a stable indicator of a company’s, (especially a finance company’s) operating profits.
The denominator of this ratio is the average value of a company’s total assets, i.e. the average of the values of a
company’s total assets at the beginning and at the end of the year. Any revaluation thereon is not taken into account.

1210 PBPT NET OF P&E&OI AS % OF TOTAL ASSETS ( EXCL REVAL )
Since most businesses are constantly growing, it is likely that the value of assets might increase mid-year. Such
additions to assets were not available during the entire period of the year. Hence, to consider the closing balance of
total assets would amount to an overstatement thereof. Correspondingly, considering the value as at the beginning
of the year would understate the value of a assets available during the year. Hence, the most effective way to lend
credibility to the value of assets available during an accounting period would be to compute the average of the
outstanding values at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year. This average for total assets is net of
revaluation, i.e. revaluation reserves and miscellaneous expenses not written off are reduced from the total assets
as at both, the beginning as well as at the end of the year. These are reduced to ensure that revaluations, if any, do
not distort the year-on-year comparisons.

R ETURN ON TOTAL ASSETS 1211

Indicator : Return on total assets
Field : pat_net_of_pe_pc_avg_tot_asset_net_menow_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the measures of the returns that an enterprise generates on the total funds deployed by it in the
business. The total assets include the total resources deployed by a company into fixed and other assets including
current assets such as inventories and cash. However, total assets excludes revaluation reserves, if any, as well as
miscellaneous expenditure not written off.
The ratio is commonly known as return on total assets. It is considered as an indicator of how effectively a company
is using its assets to generate earnings. Return on total assets ideally tells us how much net profit a company
generates for every rupee invested in total assets.
measure of returns on total assets. This is because profit after tax of a company is quite vulnerable to prior period
and extra-ordinary transactions. Prior period items are income or expenses which arises in the current period as
a result of errors or omissions in the preparation of the financial statements of one or more prior periods. Extra-
of a company.
regular business operations and vitiate our understanding of the returns on total assets. This ratio is thus a more
stable estimate of the returns on total assets.
The total assets of a company include the net fixed assets, capital work in progress, investments, inventories,
receivables, loans & advances and cash & bank balances. The use of this all-encompassing measure of assets in
the denominator is based on the premise that all assets need to generate profits.
Since total assets always equals total liabilities, this ratio implicitly also measures the returns on total liabilities.
Total liabilities include paid up capital, reserves, borrowings, current liabilities and provisions. These are all the
sources of funds available to a company to generate profits. All these funds are expected to generate profits. Thus,
profits as a proportion of total assets / liabilities makes a good measure of the returns a business generates.
The denominator of this ratio is the average of the total assets of the company at the beginning of the year and at
the end of the year.
The denominator is an average because the end-of-year total assets was not entirely available for the generation of
profit during the year. It is thus, not the appropriate denominator to use. Use of the end-of-year total assets may
under-estimate the returns because usually, the assets increase during a year.
Similarly, since the start-of-year total assets were also not the entire total assets available during the year, it is
also not the appropriate denominator. Assets change during the year but, the financial statements only provide
end-of-period values. Thus, a good approximation of the total assets employed by the company during the year is
the average of the start-of-year and end-of-year total asset values. This is what is used in the ratio.

1212 PAT AS % OF TOTAL ASSETS EXCL REVAL

Indicator : PAT as % of total assets excl reval
Field : pat_pc_avg_tot_asset_net_menow_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the measures of the returns that an enterprise generates on the total funds deployed by it in the
business. The total assets include the total resources deployed by a company into fixed and other assets including
current assets such as inventories and cash. However, total assets excludes revaluation reserves, if any, as well as
miscellaneous expenditure not written off.
The ratio is commonly known as return on total assets. It is considered as an indicator of how effectively a company
is using its assets to generate earnings. Return on total assets ideally tells us how much net profit a company
generates for every rupee invested in total assets.
PAT is profit after tax. This is the residual after all revenue expenses are deducted from the sum of total income
The total assets of a company include the net fixed assets, capital work in progress, investments, inventories,
receivables, loans and advances and cash and bank balances. The use of this all-encompassing measure of assets in
the denominator is based on the premise that all assets need to generate profits.
Since total assets always equals total liabilities, this ratio implicitly also measures the returns on total liabilities.
Total liabilities includes paid up capital, reserves, borrowings, current liabilities and provisions. These are all the
sources of funds available to a company to generate profits. All these funds are expected to generate profits. Thus,
profits as a proportion of total assets / liabilities makes a good measure of the returns a business generates.
The denominator of this ratio is the average of the total assets of the company at the beginning of the year and at
the end of the year.
The denominator is an average because the end-of-year total assets was not entirely available for the generation of
profit during the year. It is thus, not the appropriate denominator to use. Use of the end-of-year total assets may
under-estimate the returns because usually, the assets increase during a year.
Similarly, since the start-of-year total assets were also not the entire total assets available during the year, it is
also not the appropriate denominator. Assets change during the year but, the financial statements only provide
end-of-period values. Thus, a good approximation of the total assets employed by the company during the year is
the average of the start-of-year and end-of-year total asset values. This is what is used in the ratio.

PAT NET OF P&E AS % OF GFA EXCL REVAL 1213

Indicator : PAT net of P&E as % of GFA excl reval
Field : pat_net_of_pe_pc_avg_gfa_net_of_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the measures of the returns that an enterprise generates on the fixed assets created by it. It ideally
gives the net profit that a company generates from every rupee invested in gross fixed assets.
measure of returns on gross fixed assets. This is because profit after tax of a company is quite vulnerable to prior
period and extra-ordinary transactions. Prior period items are income or expenses which arises in the current period
as a result of errors or omissions in the preparation of the financial statements of one or more prior periods. Extra-
of a company.
regular business operations and vitiate our understanding of the returns on gross fixed assets. This ratio is thus a
more stable estimate of returns on gross fixed assets.
The denominator in the ratio is the gross value of the fixed assets of a company, which includes the value of
accumulated depreciation. The justification for this is that fixed assets are usually maintained at prime productivity
levels. And, depreciation often reflects tax sops that may be provided by the government to promote a particular
sector. Many assets last much longer productively compared to their depreciated book value. As a result, there is
merit in studying the return on fixed assets using the gross book value of all fixed assets.
Fixed assets include intangible assets, plan and machinery, land and buildings, transport infrastructure and equip-
ment and furniture, fixtures, etc. It excludes revalued assets, if any.
The ratio uses the average value of the total assets of a company at the beginning of the year and at the end of the
year. This is because financial statements provide only the end-of-period values of assets. However, the end-of year
gross fixed assets were not entirely available for generation of profits during the year. It is thus, not the appropriate
denominator to use. Use of the end-of-year total assets may under-estimate the returns because usually, the assets
increase during a year.
Similarly, since the start-of-year total assets were also not the entire total assets available during the year, it is also
not the appropriate denominator. Thus, a good approximation of the total assets employed by the company during
the year is the average of the start-of-year and end-of-year total asset values. This is what is used in the ratio.

1214 PAT AS % OF GFA EXCL REVAL

Indicator : PAT as % of GFA excl reval
Field : pat_pc_avg_gfa_net_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the measures of the returns that an enterprise generates on the fixed assets created by it. It ideally
gives the net profit that a company generates from every rupee invested in gross fixed assets.
PAT is profit after tax. It is the residual amount after all the expenses are deducted from the sum of total income
Fixed assets include intangible assets, plant & machinery, land & buildings, transport infrastructure & equipment
and furniture, fixtures, etc. It excludes revalued assets, if any.
year. This is because financial statements provide only the end-of-period values of assets. However, the end-of year
gross fixed assets were not entirely available for generation of profits during the year. It is thus, not the appropriate
denominator to use. Use of the end-of-year total assets may under-estimate the returns because usually, the assets
increase during a year.

PBDITA NET OF PEOIFI AS % OF AVG GFA NET OF REVAL 1215

Indicator : PBDITA net of peoifi as % of avg GFA net of reval
Field : pbdita_net_of_peoifi_pc_avg_gfa_net_of_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is one of the measures of the returns that an enterprise generates on the fixed assets created by it. It gives the
operating profits (PBDITA, net of P&E&OI&FI) that a company generates from every rupee invested in gross fixed
assets.
The numerator in this ratio is PBDITA, net of P&E&OI&FI, which is a close approximation of operating profits
of a non-finance company. Operating profit refers to profits that a non-finance company generates purely from
its core business operations. Since it is the operating profit, we use profits before depreciation, interest, tax and
amortisation. PBDITA is further refined by excluding all prior period and extra-ordinary transactions. These
transactions either pertain to prior years or are not related to main business activity of a company. Other income
and income from financial services (essentially interest and dividends) are also excluded as these do not form a part
of the operating income of a non-finance company.
Fixed assets include intangible assets, plant & machinery, land & buildings, transport infrastructure & equipment
and furniture, fixtures, etc. It excludes revalued assets, if any.
year. Th is is because financial statements provide only the end-of-period values of assets. However, the end-of
year gross fixed asse ts were not entirely available for generation of profits during the year. It is thus, not the
appropriate denominator to use. Use of the end-of-year total assets may under-estimate the returns because usually,
the assets increase during a year.

1216 PBDITA NET OF PEOIFI AS % OF AVG NFA NET OF REVAL

Indicator : PBDITA net of peoifi as % of avg NFA net of reval
Field : pbdita_net_of_peoifi_pc_avg_nfa_net_of_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio compares the Operating profit of non-financial companies with the Net fixed assets net of revaluations.
It expresses Operating profit of non-financial companies as a percentage of Net fixed assets net of revaluations.
Net fixed assets net of revaluations presents the value of a company’s net fixed assets after making adjustments
for revaluation as per Accounting Standard 10 (AS-10) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
(ICAI).

PAT NET OF PE AS % OF AVG NFA NET OF REVAL 1217

Indicator : PAT net of pe as % of avg NFA net of reval
Field : pat_net_of_pe_pc_avg_nfa_net_of_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This indicator measures the PAT net of prior periord and extraordinary items with the value of Net fixed assets net
of revaluations.
It expresses PAT net of PE as a percentage of Net fixed assets net of revaluations.
PAT net of P&E is the profit after tax and after adjustments for prior period and extra-ordinary transactions. It is
derived by deducting all prior period and extra-ordinary (P&E) income from PAT and adding all P&E expenses to
PAT.
(ICAI).

1218 PAT AS % OF AVG NFA NET REVAL

Indicator : PAT as % of avg NFA net reval
Field : pat_pc_avg_nfa_net_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This indicator measures the PAT with the value of Net fixed assets net of revaluations.
It expresses PAT as a percentage of Net fixed assets net of revaluations.
PAT is Profit After Tax without any adjustments.
(ICAI).

PBDITA NET OF P&E&OI&FI / SALES ( TIMES ) 1219

Indicator : PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI / sales (times)
Field : pbdita_net_of_peoifi_sales
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
The is one of the measures to study the source of growth in PBDITA.
Growth in sales is useful only if it is profitable. Therefore, the profitability of sales is important in assessing the
sources of growth in profits. This ratio measures the operating profitability of sales for a non-finance company.
The PBDITA, net of P&E&OI&FI is comparable to sales since sales also excludes prior period and extra-ordinary
incomes, other incomes and income from financial services. Sales includes industrial sales and income from non-
financial services. These are the sources of operating income.
This ratio compares the operating profits (PBDITA, net of P&E&OI&FI) to operating income (which is, sales).

1220 C HANGE IN PBDITA NET OF P&E&OI&FI ON CHANGE IN SALES ( TIMES )

Indicator : Change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI on change in sales (times)
Field : chg_in_op_profitability_of_sales
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
Operating profitability of sales is the ratio of PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI to sales. The change in this profitability
(expressed as a ratio) over two consecutive accounting periods is captured in this expression.
Sales includes industrial sales and income from non-financial services. These are the sources of operating income.
Change in operating profitability is denoted by ∆( OP S ), where OP is operating profit and S is Sales. If OP1 is
operating profit in year 1, OP2 is operating profit in year 2, S1 is sales in year 1 and S2 is sales in year 2, then,
change in operating profitability is defined as:
OP2 OP1
∆( OP
S ) = ( S2 − S1 )

C HANGE IN PBDITA NET OF P&E&OI&FI BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN SALES 1221

Indicator : Change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI because of change in sales
Field : chg_in_sales_with_no_chg_in_op_profitability
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This expression measures the change in operating profits that can be attributed to the change in sales, assuming that
the operating profitability of sales has remained unchanged.
This expression has its roots in the simple arithmetical relationship between growth in operating profits and growth
in sales. Operating profits is believed to be derived from sales. Thus, the growth in operating profits is the result of
either a growth in sales and/or a growth in the operating profitability of sales. The arithmetical relationship can be
expressed as under
OP
OP = S × S ,
OP
where OP is operating profit, S is the sales and S is the operating profitability. Then, the change in operating
profit is:
OP
∆OP = (∆S × S ) + (∆( OP OP
S ) × S) + (∆S × ∆( S ))
where ∆OP is the change in operating profit, ∆S is the change in sales and ∆( OP
S ) is the change in the operating
profitability of sales.
OP
The expression in discussion is (∆S × S ) in the above equation.
The expression measures the change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI i.e. the change in operating profit of a non-
finance company because of change in sales. This is the contribution of increase in sheer size of a business to the
growth in operating profit, with no contribution from the changes in the profitability of sales.

1222 C HANGE IN PBDITA NET OF P&E&OI &FI BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN PROFITABILITY OF SALES

Indicator : Change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI &FI because of change in profitability of sales
Field : chg_in_op_profitability_with_no_chg_in_sales
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This expression measures the change in the operating profit (ie PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI) that can be attributed
to the change in the profitability of sales, and assuming that the total sales has remained unchanged.
expressed as under
OP
OP = S × S ,
OP
profit is:
OP
∆OP = (∆S × S ) + (∆( OP OP
S ) × S) + (∆S × ∆( S ))
The expression in discussion is (∆( OP
S ) × S) in the above equation.
The expression measures the contribution of the change in the operating profitability of sales to the change in the
operating profits of a non-finance company.
A change in operating profitability can arise because of improved (or worsened) operating efficiency, or because of
better (or worse) utilisation of assets (such as by adding or reducing shifts, or labour, or changing technology), or
also because of a change in the price of the products sold or raw materials used.
The expression merely captures the value of contribution of change in operating profitability of sales to the change
in PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI.

C HANGE IN PBDITA NET OF P&E&OI &FI 1223
BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN PROFITABILITY ON CHANGE IN SALES

Indicator : Change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI &FI because of change in profitability on
change in sales
Field : chg_in_profitability_on_chg_in_sales
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is one of the measures of sources of growth in PBDITA. There is a simple arithmetical relationship between
growth in operating profits (PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI) and growth in sales. Operating profits is believed to be
derived from sales. Thus, the growth in operating profits is the result of either a growth in sales and/or a growth in
the operating profitability of sales. The arithmetical relationship can be expressed as under
OP
OP = S × S ,
OP
profit is:
OP
∆OP = (∆S × S ) + (∆( OP OP
S ) × S) + (∆S × ∆( S ))
Here we measures the contribution of the last expression (∆S × ∆( OP S )) in the above equation towards the change
in operating profit (i.e. PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI) of a non-finance company. The expression measures the
change in operating profit that can be attributed to that portion of the change in sales which witnessed a change in
profitability.
It is the contribution of the increased / decreased sales generated at the increased / decreased profitability. The
amount is a product of the incremental sales and the incremental profitability of sales.

1224 S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN SALES IN CHANGE IN PBDITA NET OF P&E&OI&FI

Indicator : Share (%) of change in sales in change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI
Field : pc_chg_in_sales_with_no_chg_in_op_profitability
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the per cent share of change in operating profits that can be attributed to the change in
sales, assuming that the operating profitability of sales has remained unchanged.
expressed as under
OP
OP = S × S ,
OP
profit is:
OP
∆OP = (∆S × S ) + (∆( OP OP
S ) × S) + (∆S × ∆( S ))
OP
The expression in discussion is the per cent share of (∆S × S ) in the above equation.
This is the percentage contribution of the change in sales to the change in operating profits. Assuming that operating
profit increased during the year, this is the contribution of increase in sheer size of the business to the growth in
operating profit, with no contribution of the changes (if any) in the profitability of sales.

S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN PROFITABILITY OF SALES IN CHANGE IN PBDITA NET OF P&E&OI 1225

Indicator : Share (%) of change in profitability of sales in change in PBDITA net of P&E&OI
Field : pc_chg_in_op_profitability_with_no_chg_in_sales
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the per cent share of change in the operating profit (ie PBDITA net of P&E&OI) that can
be attributed to the change in the profitability of sales, assuming that the total sales has remained unchanged.
expressed as under
OP
OP = S × S ,
OP
profit is:
OP
∆OP = (∆S × S ) + (∆( OP OP
S ) × S) + (∆S × ∆( S ))
The expression in discussion is the per cent share of (∆( OP
S ) × S) in the above equation.
This is the percentage contribution of the change in the operating profitability of sales to the change in the operating
profits.

1226
S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN PROFITABILITY ON CHANGE IN SALES IN CHANGE IN PBDITA NET OF P&E&OI

Indicator : Share (%) of change in profitability on change in sales in change in PBDITA net
of P&E&OI
Field : pc_chg_in_profitability_on_chg_in_sales
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the per cent share in the change in operating profit (ie PBDITA net of P&E&OI&FI) that
can be attributed to that portion of the change in sales that witnessed a change in profitability. It is the share of the
product of the incremental sales and incremental profitability in the overall change in operating profits.
expressed as under
OP
OP = S × S ,
OP
profit is:
OP
∆OP = (∆S × S ) + (∆( OP OP
S ) × S) + (∆S × ∆( S ))
The first expression in the above equation is the contribution of the increase in sales to the increase in operating
profits. To isolate this effect on the change in operating profits, the profitability level is kept unchanged. The change
in sales is thus multiplied with the unchanged (previous period’s) profitability.
The second expression in the above equation is the contribution of the increase in profitability of sales. To isolate
this effect on the change in operating profit, the sales level is kept unchanged. The change in profitability of sales
is thus multiplied with the unchanged (previous period’s) sales.
The share of the last expression, (∆S × ∆( OP S ) in the above equation in the overall change in operating profits
is under discussion here. This is the percentage contribution of the increased / decreased sales generated at the
increased / decreased profitability. It is the product of the incremental sales and the incremental profitability of
sales.

C HANGE IN PROFITABILITY BEFORE TAX ( TIMES ) 1227

Indicator : Change in profitability before tax (times)
Field : chg_in_pbpt_net_of_peoi_on_chg_in_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
This data field is one of the set of indicators presented under ’Source of growth in PBT’ on Prowess. It is the ratio
of the change in a company’s PBPT, i.e. its profits before provisions and taxes (net of prior-period & extra-ordinary
items and other income) to a change in the company’s income from financial services. The value of change in this
expression refers to the change over two consecutive accounting periods.
The numerator in this expression pertains to profits before provisions and tax, net of prior period & extra-ordinary
items and other income. Hence, it is more relevant to banks and non-banking finance companies, since the value
denotes the operating profits of a finance company. The denominator pertains to income from financial services.
Hence, overall, the ratio denotes the effect of the change of a finance company’s financial services income on its
operating profits.
Change in profitability before tax of finance companies is denoted by ∆( P BP T (netof FI
P &E&OI)
), where PBPT
(net of P&E&OI) is operating profit of finance companies and FI is income from financial services. If
P BP T (netof P &E&OI)1 is operating profit in year 1, P BP T (netof P &E&OI)2 is operating profit in year
2, F I1 is income from financial services in year 1 and F I2 is income from financial services in year 2, then, change
in operating profitability is defined as:
∆( P BP T (netof
FI
P &E&OI)
) = ( P BP T (netof P &E&OI)2
F I2 − P BP T (netof P &E&OI)1
F I1 )

1228 C HANGE IN PBT NET OF P&E&OI BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN FINANCIAL SERVICE INCOME

Indicator : Change in PBT net of P&E&OI because of change in financial service income
Field : chg_in_inc_fin_serv_with_no_chg_in_profitability
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This expression measures the change in a company’s profits before taxes (PBT), net of prior period (P) and extra-
ordinary (E) items and net of other income (OI) that can be attributed to a change in its income from financial
services. This measure of profits, i.e. PBT (net of P&E&OI) is essentially the operating profit of banks and
non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). The expression seeks to measure the impact of a change in a finance
company’s income from financial services on its operating profits, with the assumption that the profitability of such
incomes has remained largely unchanged.
This expression is derived from the simple arithmetical relationship between growth in income and growth in
profits. Profits are generally believed to emanate from income, and therefore the growth in profits is construed
to be the result of either a growth in income and/or a growth in the profitability of the income. The arithmetical
relationship can be expressed as under:-
P BT
P BT = F I × FI ,
P BT
where PBT is profits before taxes net of P&E&OI and FI is the income from financial services and FI is the
profitability of financial incomes. Consequently, the change in PBT can be expressed as follows:-
P BT
∆P BT = (∆F I × FI ) + (∆( PFBT P BT
I ) × F I) + (∆F I × ∆( F I ))
where ∆P BT is the change in PBT, ∆F I is the change in financial services income and ∆( PFBT
I ) is the change in
profitability of financial income services.
P BT
The expression in discussion is (∆F I × FI ) in the above equation.
This expression shows the contribution of a change in a company’s (especially a finance company’s) income from
financial services to a change in its PBT (net of P&E&OI). Assuming that the change in income from financial
services is due to an increase therein, this expression will show the impact of an expansion in the size of operations
on its growth in its profits, assuming there is no role of any change in the profitability of the financial services
income.

C HANGE IN PBT NET OF P&E&OI BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN PROFITABILITY OF FINANCIAL SERVICES
INCOME 1229

Indicator : Change in PBT net of P&E&OI because of change in profitability of financial
services income
Field : chg_in_profitability_with_no_chg_in_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is an expression that measures the change in a company’s profits before taxes (PBT), net of prior
period (P) and extra-ordinary (E) items and net of other income (OI) that can be attributed to a change in the
profitability of its income from financial services. PBT (net of P&E&OI) is essentially the operating profit of banks
and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). The expression seeks to measure the impact of a change in the
profitability of a finance company’s income from financial services on its operating profits, with the assumption
that the magnitude of such incomes has remained largely unchanged.
P BT
P BT = F I × FI ,
P BT
profitability of income from financial services. Then, the change in PBT is expressed as under:-
P BT
∆P BT = (∆F I × FI ) + (∆( PFBT P BT
I ) × F I) + (∆F I × ∆( F I ))
where ∆P BT is the change in PBT, ∆F I is the change in income from financial services and ∆( PFBT
I ) is the
change in profitability of income from financial services.
The expression in discussion is (∆( PFBT
I ) × F I) in the above equation.
This expression shows the contribution of a change in the profitability of a company’s (especially a finance com-
pany’s) income from financial services to a change in its PBT (net of P&E&OI). It shows the impact of an increase
in the profitability of a finance company’s main business operations on its growth in its profits, in spite of no
expansion in the company’s business operations in absolute terms.

C HANGE IN PBT NET OF P&E&OI BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN PROFITABILITY ON CHANGE IN FINANCIAL
1230 SERVICES INCOME

Indicator : Change in PBT net of P&E&OI because of change in profitability on change in
financial services income
Field : chg_in_profitability_on_chg_in_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This expression measures the change in profits before taxes and net of incomes from prior period (P) and extra-
ordinary (E) transactions and from other incomes (OI) that can be attributed to the change in the profitability of
financial services income applied to the change in financial services income. It is the product of the incremental
profitability and incremental financial services income.
This expression has its roots in the simple arithmetical relationship between growth in income and growth in profits.
Profits is believed to derived from income and therefore, the growth in profits is the result of either a growth in
income and/or a growth in the profitability of the income. The arithmetical relationship can be expressed as under:
P BT
P BT = F I × FI ,
P BT
profitability of financial incomes. Then, the change in PBT is:
P BT
∆P BT = (∆F I × FI ) + (∆( PFBT P BT
I ) × F I) + (∆F I × ∆( F I ))
The first expression in the above expression is the contribution of the change in financial services income. To
isolate this effect on the change in profits, the profitability level is kept unchanged. The change in financial services
income is thus multiplied with the unchanged (previous period’s) profitability.
The second expression in the above expression is the contribution of the change in profitability. To isolate this
effect on the change in profits, the level of the financial services income is kept unchanged as it was in the previous
period. The change in profitability is thus multiplied by the previous period’s financial services income.
The last expression (∆F I × ∆( PFBTI )) in the above equation is the one under discussion. This is the contribution
of the increased financial income generating the increased profitability. (The term “increased” could be replaced
with “decreased”.) It is the product of the incremental financial services income and the incremental profitability
of the same.

S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN FINANCIAL SERVICES INCOME IN CHANGE IN PBT NET OF P&E&OI 1231

Indicator : Share (%) of change in financial services income in change in PBT net of
P&E&OI
Field : pc_chg_in_inc_fin_serv_with_no_chg_in_profitability
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the per cent share contribution of the change in a company’s profits before taxes (PBT),
net of prior period (P) and extra-ordinary (E) items and net of other income (OI). This measure of profits is essen-
tially the operating profit of banks and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). The expression seeks to measure
the impact of a change in a finance company’s income from financial services on its operating profits, with the
assumption that the profitability of such incomes has remained largely unchanged.
P BT
P BT = F I × FI ,
P BT
profitability of income from financial services. It thus follows that the change in PBT is:-
P BT
∆P BT = (∆F I × FI ) + (∆( PFBT P BT
I ) × F I) + (∆F I × ∆( F I ))
where ∆P BT is the change in PBT, ∆F I is the change in income from financial services and ∆( PFBT
I ) is the
change in profitability of income from financial services
This data field reports the expression of the share of (∆F I × PFBT
I ) in the change in PBT net of P&E&OI, expressed

S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN PROFITABILITY OF FINANCIAL SERVICES INCOME IN CHANGE IN PBT NET OF
1232 P&E&OI

Indicator : Share (%) of change in profitability of financial services income in change in PBT
net of P&E&OI
Field : pc_chg_in_profitability_with_no_chg_in_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the contribution in percentage terms of a change in the profitability of the income from
financial services of a company on a change in its profits before taxes (PBT), net of prior-period (P) and extra-
ordinary (E) items, and net of other income (OI). This measure of profits, i.e. PBT (net of P&E&OI) is essentially
the operating profit of banks and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). The expression seeks to measure the
impact of a change in the profitability of a finance company’s main income, i.e. income from financial services on
its operating profits, assuming that the company’s income from financial services has remained largely unchanged.
P BT
P BT = F I × FI ,
P BT
profitability of financial incomes. Then, the change in PBT is:-
P BT
∆P BT = (∆F I × FI ) + (∆( PFBT P BT
I ) × F I) + (∆F I × ∆( F I ))
The expression in discussion is the per cent share contribution of (∆( PFBT
I ) × F I) in the change in the PBT, in the
above equation.

S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN FINANCIAL SERVICES INCOME AND ITS PROFITABILITY ON CHANGE IN PBT NET
OF P&E&OI 1233

Indicator : Share (%) of change in financial services income and its profitability on change in
PBT net of P&E&OI
Field : pc_chg_in_profitability_on_chg_in_inc_fin_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the contribution in percentage terms of the combination of change in a company’s income
from financial services and a change in the profitability of such income on the change in the company’s profits
before taxes and net of prior-period (P) and extra-ordinary (E) items and other income (OI). PBT (net of P&E&OI)
is essentially the operating profit of banks and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). The expression seeks to
measure the combined impact of a change in a finance company’s operating income and the profitability thereof on
its operating profits.
This expression is derived from the conventional arithmetic relationship between growth in income and growth in
profits. Profits are believed to rise from income and therefore, an increase in profits is construed to be the result of
either a growth in income and/or a growth in the profitability of the said income. The arithmetic relationship can
be expressed as under:-
P BT
P BT = F I × FI ,
P BT
profitability of financial incomes. Then, the change in PBT is:-
P BT
∆P BT = (∆F I × FI ) + (∆( PFBT P BT
I ) × F I) + (∆F I × ∆( F I ))
The first expression in the above expression is the contribution of the change in financial services income. To
isolate this effect on the change in profits, the profitability level is kept unchanged. The change in financial services
income is thus multiplied with the unchanged (previous period’s) profitability.
The second expression in the above expression is the contribution of the change in profitability. To isolate this
effect on the change in profits, the level of the financial services income is kept unchanged as it was in the previous
period. The change in profitability is thus multiplied by the previous period’s financial services income.
The last expression (∆F I × ∆( PFBT I )) in the above equation is the one under discussion. This is the contribution
of the increased financial income generating the increased profitability. (The term ’increased’ could be replaced
with ’decreased’.) It is the product of the incremental financial services income and the incremental profitability of
the same.
The expression covered by this data field, therefore, computes the contribution of the product of both elements (in
percentage terms) on the change in PBT net of P&E&OI.

1234 PAT NET OF P&E / TOTAL INCOME NET OF P&E ( TIMES )

Indicator : PAT net of P&E / total income net of P&E (times)
Field : pat_net_of_pe_tot_inc_net_of_pe
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
This is one of the measures to study the source of growth in profit after tax.
Growth in income is useful only if it is ultimately profitable. Therefore, the profitability of income is important in
assessing the source growth in PAT. This ratio measures the net profitability of total income.
The numerator in this ratio is PAT, net of P&E, which is profits after tax net of prior period and extra-ordinary
transactions. These transactions either pertain to prior years or are not related to main business activity of a
company. Hence, these are excluded to arrive at a more stable estimate of PAT, which is generated from the regular
course of business.
The denominator is the total income, which includes all sources of income including sales, non-financial services,
financial services and other income. But, like in the numerator, it excludes net prior period and extra-ordinary
incomes.

C HANGE IN PAT NET OF P&E ON CHANGE IN INCOME ( TIMES ) 1235

Indicator : Change in PAT net of P&E on change in income (times)
Field : chg_in_net_profitability_of_total_income
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
This is one of the measures used in the study of source of growth in profit after tax.
The net profitability of total income is the ratio of PAT net of P&E to total income net of P&E. The change in this
profit margin (expressed as a ratio) over two consecutive accounting periods is captured in this expression.
The numerator is the net profit after tax (PAT), net of prior period and extraordinary transactions. The denominator
includes all kinds of income from all kinds of regular and other sources, but it excludes prior period and extra-
ordinary incomes.
Change in net profit margin is denoted by ∆( P ATI ), where PAT is profit after tax and I is total income. If P AT1 is
PAT in year 1, P AT2 is PAT in year 2, I1 is total income in year 1 and I2 is total income in year 2, then, change in
PAT margin is defined as:
P AT2 P AT1
∆( P AT
I )= I2 − I1

1236 C HANGE IN PAT NET OF P&E BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN INCOME

Indicator : Change in PAT net of P&E because of change in income
Field : chg_in_income_with_no_chg_in_profitability
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This expression measures the change in net profits that can be attributed to the change in total income, assuming
that the net profitability of income has remained unchanged.
This expression has its roots in the simple arithmetical relationship between growth in net profit and growth in
income. Net profit is believed to be derived from total income. Thus, the growth in net profit is the result of either
a growth in total income and/or a growth in the net profitability of total income. The arithmetical relationship can
be expressed as under
P AT
P AT = I × I ,
P AT
where P AT is net profit, I is the total income and I is the net profitability. Then, the change in net profit is:
P AT
∆P AT = (∆I × I ) + (∆( P AT P AT
I ) × I) + (∆I × ∆( I ))
where ∆P AT is the change in net profit, ∆I is the change in total income and ∆( P AT
I ) is the change in the net
P AT
The expression in discussion is (∆I × I ) in the above equation.
This is the contribution of the change in total income to the change in net profits. Assuming that the total income
has increased during the year, this is the contribution of increase in the sheer size of the business to the growth in
net profit, with no contribution of the changes (if any) in the profitability of total income.

C HANGE IN PAT NET OF P&E BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN PROFITABILITY OF INCOME 1237

Indicator : Change in PAT net of P&E because of change in profitability of income
Field : chg_in_profitability_with_no_chg_in_income
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This expression measures the change in the net profit (ie PAT net of P&E) that can be attributed to the change in
the profitability of total income, and assuming that the total income has remained unchanged.
This expression has its roots in the simple arithmetical relationship between growth in net profit and growth in
income. Net profit is believed to be derived from total income. Thus, the growth in net profit is the result of
either a growth in total income and/or a growth in the net profitability of total. The arithmetical relationship can be
expressed as under
P AT
P AT = I × I ,
P AT
where PAT is net profit, I is the total income and I is the net profitability. Then, the change in net profit is:
P AT
∆P AT = (∆I × I ) + (∆( P AT P AT
I ) × I) + (∆I × ∆( I ))
The expression in discussion is (∆( P AT
I ) × I) in the above equation.
This is the contribution of the change in the net profitability of total income to the change in the net profits.
A change in net profitability can arise because of improved (or worsened) operating efficiency, or because of better
(or worse) utilisation of assets (such as by adding or reducing shifts, or labour, or changing technology), or because
of a change in the price of the products sold or raw materials used or because of a change in the tax regime.
The expression merely captures the value of contribution of the change in net profitability of total income to the
change in PAT net of P&E during the year.

1238 C HANGE IN PAT NET OF P&E BECAUSE OF CHANGE IN PROFITABILITY ON CHANGE IN INCOME

Indicator : Change in PAT net of P&E because of change in profitability on change in income
Field : chg_in_profitability_on_chg_in_inc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is one of the measures of sources of growth in PAT. There is a simple arithmetical relationship between growth
in profit after tax and growth in income. Net profit is believed to be derived from total income. Thus, the growth
in net profit is the result of either a growth in total income and/or a growth in the net profitability of total income.
The arithmetical relationship can be expressed as under
P AT
P AT = I × I ,
P AT
P AT
∆P AT = (∆I × I ) + (∆( P AT P AT
I ) × I) + (∆I × ∆( I ))
Here we measure the contribution of the last expression (∆I × ∆( P AT
I ) in the above equation towards the change
in net profit of a company. The expression measures the change in PAT net of P&E that can be attributed to that
portion of the change in total income which witnessed a change in profitability.
It is the contribution of the increased / decreased total income generated at the increased / decreased profitability.
The amount is a product of the incremental total income and the incremental profitability of total income.

S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN INCOME IN CHANGE IN PAT NET OF P&E 1239

Indicator : Share (%) of change in income in change in PAT net of P&E
Field : pc_chg_in_income_with_no_chg_in_profitability
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the per cent share of the change in net profits that can be attributed to the change in total
income, assuming that the net profitability of income has remained unchanged.
This expression has its roots in the simple arithmetical relationship between growth in profit after tax and growth
in income. PAT is believed to be derived from total income. Thus, the growth in net profit is the result of either
a growth in total income and/or a growth in the net profitability of income. The arithmetical relationship can be
expressed as under
P AT
P AT = I × I ,
P AT
P AT
∆P AT = (∆I × I ) + (∆( P AT P AT
I ) × I) + (∆I × ∆( I ))
P AT
The expression in discussion is the per cent share of (∆I × I ) in the above equation.
This is the percentage contribution of the change in total income to the change in net profit. Assuming that net
profit increased during the year, this is the contribution of increase in the sheer size of the business to the growth in
net profit, with no contribution of the changes (if any) in the profitability of total income.

1240 S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN PROFITABILITY OF INCOME IN CHANGE IN PAT NET OF P&E

Indicator : Share (%) of change in profitability of income in change in PAT net of P&E
Field : pc_chg_in_profitability_with_no_chg_in_income
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the per cent share of the change in the net profit (ie PAT net of P&E) that can be attributed
to the change in the profitability of total income, and assuming that the total income has remained unchanged.
in income. PAT is believed to be derived from total income. Thus, the growth in net profit is the result of either a
growth in total income and/or a growth in the net profitability of total income. The arithmetical relationship can be
expressed as under
P AT
P AT = I × I ,
P AT
P AT
∆P AT = (∆I × I ) + (∆( P AT P AT
I ) × I) + (∆I × ∆( I ))
The expression in discussion is per cent share of (∆( P AT
I ) × I) in the above equation.
This is the percentage contribution of the change in the net profitability of total income to the change in the net
profits.

S HARE (%) OF CHANGE IN PROFITABILITY ON CHANGE IN INCOME IN CHANGE IN PAT NET OF P&E 1241

Indicator : Share (%) of change in profitability on change in income in change in PAT net of
P&E
Field : pc_chg_in_profitability_on_chg_in_inc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This expression measures the per cent share of change in the net profit (ie PAT net of P&E) that can be attributed
to that portion of the change in total income that witnessed a change in profitability. It is the share of the product
of the incremental income and incremental profitability in the overall change in net profits.
in income. PAT is believed to be derived from sales. Thus, the growth in net profit is the result of either a growth in
total income and/or a growth in the net profitability of total income. The arithmetical relationship can be expressed
as under
P AT
P AT = I × I ,
P AT
P AT
∆P AT = (∆I × I ) + (∆( P AT P AT
I ) × I) + (∆I × ∆( I ))
The first expression in the above equation is the contribution of the increase in total income to the increase in net
profits. To isolate this effect on the change in net profits, the profitability level is kept unchanged. The change in
total income is thus multiplied with the unchanged (previous period’s) profitability.
The second expression in the above equation is the contribution of the increase in profitability of total income. To
isolate this effect on the change in net profit, the total income level is kept unchanged. The change in profitability
of income is thus multiplied with the unchanged (previous period’s) total income.
The percentage share of the last expression, (∆I × ∆( P AT I ) in the above equation in the overall change in net profit
is under discussion here. This is the per cent contribution of the increased / decreased total income generated at the
increased/ decreased profitability. It is the product of the incremental total income and the incremental profitability
of total income.

1242 T OTAL LIABILITIES

Indicator : Total liabilities
Field : total_liabilities
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total liabilities disclosed by companies in their annual report.
Total liabilities of a company is the sum of all the resources deployed by it. It includes all sums it owes to the
shareholders in the form of share capital and reserves & surpluses, all sums it owes to its lenders in the form of
secured and unsecured loans and all current liabilities and provisions. It also includes deferred tax liability.
In the Prowess database, total liabilities balance total assets and, total liabilities is the sum of the following:
1. Total capital which includes paid up equity capital, forfeited equity capital, paid up preference capital, capital
contribution and funds by government, money received against share warrants and minority interest reserves.
2. Reserves and funds, net of accumulated losses, if any. While revaluation reserves is included here, in most
presentations of Prowess, it is netted out.
3. Share application money & suspense account
4. Deposits
5. Non-current liabilities
6. Current liabilities & Provisions
7. Deferred tax liability
The annual report provides a lot of information besides a structured presentation as outlined above. For example, it
provides details of the authorised capital, issued and subscribed capital, number of shares held by holding company,
details of buy-backs, etc. All of this is covered under the Addendum information of Liabilities in Prowess.
Prowess makes fine distinctions in defining shareholders funds and net worth. It defines free and specific reserves
and capital employed clearly so that the same definitions apply to all companies. All this is covered under Derived
Indicators of Liabilities in Prowess. This also includes an entire section“Secured & unsecured borrowings”. This
section helps in the selection of indicators relating to borrowings directly.

T OTAL CAPITAL 1243

Indicator : Total capital
Field : total_capital
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the capital infused by the owners of the company, the capitalised profits of the company and
the capital issued but forfeited by the company.
In the former two cases which involve issuance of securities, total capital includes only that part which represents
the total face value of the securities issued. If the securities were issued at a premium, the premium is not included
but only the face value is included in total capital.
Total capital includes the face value of the shares issued by the company irrespective of whether the shares were is-
sued for cash or for consideration other than cash. It includes the face value of those shares even if no consideration
was received against those shares issued.
Capital infused by the owners of the company includes share capital and even the capital contributions against
which no shares are issued.
Promoters of a company may infuse capital into a company either by subscribing to the equity shares of the com-
pany or to the preference shares of the company or by making a contribution to the capital of the company without
having any shares issued against that contribution. Such contributions, which do not involve issue of any shares
against them, are generally found in case of government-owned organisations or organisations such as the UTI or
the IDBI which are created by special acts of Parliament. When banks were fully owned by the Central Govern-
ment, the government’s contribution had no shares issued against it. Such contribution was classified as capital
contribution. Funds infused by parents of foreign banks into their Indian branches or subsidiaries is classified
as capital contribution. No shares are issued to the parent companies in cases of such contributions. Yet, such
contributions form part of total capital of the company.
Capitalised profits refer to the face value of the bonus shares issued by the company to the existing equity sharehold-
ers by capitalising either the share premium received by the company or the accumulated profits of the company.
Such capitalised profits become part of share capital and therefore part of total capital of the company.
Forfeited share capital is that part of the share capital of the company which represents the amount received against
shares that were once issued but later cancelled for reasons such as non-payment of balance calls. This money is
retained by the company and thus forms part of the total capital of the company.

1244 PAID UP EQUITY CAPITAL ( NET OF FORFEITED EQUITY CAPITAL )

Indicator : Paid up equity capital (net of forfeited equity capital)
Field : paidup_equity_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the paid up value of equity shares of a company that have been subscribed and allotted.
The amount of paid up capital is less than the subscribed capital where there are amounts pending to be called by
the company or there are any calls in arrears. Paid up capital does not include the amount paid up and forfeited on
the forfeited shares of the company. The forfeited amount is reported separately in the Prowess database.
When a company decides to issue equity shares for cash, investors apply to the company to subscribe to these
equity shares. The company then allots these shares to the investors in consideration of cash. Such shares that are
allotted to the applicants are known as subscribed equity shares. The company also issues shares for consideration
without cash. Examples of such issuances are bonus shares, shares issued on conversion of convertible debentures,
shares issued pursuant to amalgamation. Sometimes companies issue shares that are paid for in parts. The company
makes calls for payments of such shares.
Paid up equity shares are those equity shares on which calls (if any) made by the company have been responded
to with payments and the process of allotment has been completed. Where there is any amount pending on the
calls made by the company then such amount is deducted from the value of the subscribed share capital and the net
amount is reported as its paid up capital. If some investors fail to make payment for the shares allotted to them, the
company forfeits their shares.

F ULLY PAID UP EQUITY CAPITAL 1245

Indicator : Fully paid up equity capital
Field : subscribed_fully_paid_up_eqty_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the paid up value of the equity shares of a company that have been subscribed to and paid for
by the investor.
When a company decides to issue equity shares, investors apply to the company to subscribe to these. The company
then allots these shares to the investors. The shares that are allotted to the applicants are known as subscribed equity
shares.
The amount of money which is completely paid by the investors to the company for the equity shares subscribed to
by the investors is known as fully paid up equity capital.

1246 PARTLY PAID UP EQUITY CAPITAL ( NET OF FORFEITED CAPITAL )

Indicator : Partly paid up equity capital (net of forfeited capital)
Field : subscribed_not_fully_paid_up_eqty_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total partly paid up value of the equity shares of a company that have been subscribed to
by the investors.
shares.
The amount partially paid by the investors to the company for the equity shares subscribed to by the investors is
known as partly paid up equity capital.

F ORFEITED EQUITY CAPITAL 1247

Indicator : Forfeited equity capital
Field : paidup_forfeited_equity_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount retained by companies on forfeited shares.
When a company issues shares, it decides the price of the shares to be issued and investors apply to subscribe to
these shares. Investors pay the full price or a part of it, depending upon the offer from the company. If the company
offers a part payment facility during application, then, it either takes the remaining payment upon allotment or upon
an explicit call at a later date.
When the allottees do not pay the allotment money or the call money, their shares are forfeited, after giving them
due notice. Such forfeited shares become the property of the company and it may re-sell these or it may cancel
them. Rights with respect to the shares, of the person whose shares were forfeited are extinguished once the shares
are forfeited. The amount, which is already paid up, on these forfeited shares is not returned to them but is retained
by the company. The amount already received and retained by the company on these forfeited shares is transferred
to a separate account called “Forfeited Share Capital Account”.

1248 PAID UP PREFERENCE CAPITAL ( NET OF FORFEITED PREFERENCE CAPITAL )

Indicator : Paid up preference capital (net of forfeited preference capital)
Field : paidup_pref_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of paid up preference shares of a company that have been subscribed to and paid
for. This is net of the value of forfeited shares.
Preference shares have no voting rights and no rights over the profits. However, they have a preferential rights over
dividends.
Generally, preference shares are shown in the annual reports along with equity shares. Even in the Prowess database
preference shares appear just after equity shares.
For all analytical purposes and in all ratio computations in Prowess, preference shares are considered as borrowings.
Also, preference capital is shown as part of shareholders funds but not as part of net worth in Prowess.

F ULLY PAID UP PREFERENCE CAPITAL 1249

Indicator : Fully paid up preference capital
Field : subscribed_fully_paid_up_pref_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total paid up value of the preference shares issued by the company and subscribed to and
fully paid up for by the investors/shareholders.
Preference shares are shares that have preferential rights over ordinary shares, usually in respect of dividend distri-
butions. The specific rights and benefits of preferential shares are commercial decisions decided by each company
and they are contained in the memorandum, articles or resolutions creating such shares.
Preference shares have no voting rights and no rights over the profits. However, they have a preferential right over
dividends.

1250 PARTLY PAID UP PREFERENCE CAPITAL ( NET OF FORFEITED CAPITAL )

Indicator : Partly paid up preference capital (net of forfeited capital)
Field : subscribed_not_fully_paid_up_pref_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
partly paid up for by the investors/shareholders.
dividends.

C APITAL / DEEMED CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS / SECURITIES IN THE NATURE OF CAPITAL 1251

Indicator : Capital/deemed capital contributions/securities in the nature of capital
Field : cap_contrib_by_govt_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is the capital contributed by the government or government bodies towards an organisation created through a
special statute. This is generally the case with the government owned companies formed by an Act of Parliament
or by a special act, for example UTI and IDBI were formed under special acts of Parliament. Such contribution can
be made in other entities as well.

1252 M ONEY RECEIVED AGAINST CONVERTIBLE SHARE WARRANTS

Indicator : Money received against convertible share warrants
Field : convertible_warrants
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A Warrant is a security that gives the holder the right to purchase securities (usually, but not necessarily, equity)
from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame.
Warrants which are convertible into shares are called as share warrants and they entitle the holders to buy a specific
number of shares in that company at a specific price (the exercise price), at a specific time or during a specific
period in the future.
They are generally issued as sweeteners along with other financial instruments. Sometimes the issuers establish a
market for the warrants by registering and listing the warrants with stock exchanges.
This data field captures the value of the outstanding warrants at the end of the accounting period.

R ESERVES AND FUNDS 1253

Indicator : Reserves and funds
Field : resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Reserves are that portion of accumulated profits that are retained in the business and not distributed to shareholders.
They are monies set aside from the accumulated profits of the company for specific purposes, usually to act as a
buffer against future losses.
Reserves are created out of a company’s accumulated profits for specific purposes. Some of these are created in
adherence with statutory requirements, some in order to avail of tax benefits and some others are general in nature.
Companies have substantial leeway in the creation and utilisation of specific reserves.
CMIE captures various types of reserves separately. It organises the various types of reserves created into the
following individual data fields.
1. Security premium reserve (these are not created through surpluses)
2. Capital redemption reserve
3. Capital reserve
4. Debenture/bond redemption reserve (a statutory reserve)
5. Investment allowance reserve (a reserve for a tax benefit)
6. Dividend equalisation reserv
7. Foreign project reserve
8. Tariff & dividend control reserve (an industry specific reserve)
9. Other statutory reserve
10. Investment fluctuation reserve
11. Surplus/deficit on mergers
12. Forex fluctation reserve
13. Lease equalisation reserv
14. Employee stock option reserv
15. General reserve
16. Contingency reserve
17. Other specific reserve
18. Other reserve
19. Revaluation reserve

1254 S ECURITY PREMIUM RESERVES ( NET OF DEDUCTIONS )

Indicator : Security premium reserves (net of deductions)
Field : sec_premium_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956 requires that if a company issues securities at a premium to its face value,
whether for cash or otherwise, then the aggregate value of such premium has to be allocated to a reserve named
Securities Premium Account.
A company may add to security premium reserves during a year by issuance of new securities at a premium. It may
also utilise these for specified purposes, such as, writing off preliminary expenses or issuing bonus shares, etc.
Section 78 of the Act restricts the usage of such a securities premium reserve only towards the following:-
1. To issue fully paid up bonus shares
2. To write off the company’s preliminary expenses
3. To write off any expense, commission or discount allowed on issue of shares or debentures
4. To provide for premium on redemption of shares or debentures
This data field captures the outstanding value of a company’s security premium reserves at the end of the year.

A DDITIONS DURING THE YEAR 1255

Indicator : Additions during the year
Field : sec_premium_resv_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the additions to the security premium reserves during a year.
According to Section 78 of the Companies Act 1956, if a company issues securities at a premium to its face
value then the value of premium collected has to be transferred to the Securities Premium reserve. Thereafter, the
company may add to security premium reserves during a year by issuing new securities at a premium. This data
field captures the additions to a company’s securities premium reserves during a year.

1256 S EC . PREMIUM RESERVE USED FOR ISSUE OF BONUS SHARES

Indicator : Sec. premium reserve used for issue of bonus shares
Field : sec_premium_resv_utilised_bonus
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per section 78 of the Companies Act 1956, if a company issues securities at a premium to its face value, whether
for cash or otherwise, then the aggregate value of such premium has to be allocated to a reserve named Securities
Premium Account.
The security premium reserve utilised for issue of bonus shares during a year is reported in this data field.

S EC . PREMIUM RESERVE USED FOR ISSUE EXPENSES 1257

Indicator : Sec. premium reserve used for issue expenses
Field : sec_premium_resv_utilised_issue_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956 states that a company issuing securities at a premium to its face value,
whether for cash or otherwise, should allocate the aggregate value of such premium to a reserve named Securities
Premium Account.
The security premium reserve utilised for writing off security issue expenses during a year is reported in this data
field.

1258 S EC . PREMIUM RESERVE USED FOR WRITE OFF OF PREMIUM

Indicator : Sec. premium reserve used for write off of premium
Field : sec_premium_resv_utilised_redemp_w_off
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of security premium reserve that has been utilised for writing off premium paid
on redemption of preference shares/debentures/bonds during a year.

S EC . PREMIUM RESERVE USED FOR BUY- BACK 1259

Indicator : Sec. premium reserve used for buy-back
Field : sec_premium_resv_utilised_buyback
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Premium Account.
Section 78 of the Act restricts the usage of such a securities premium reserve towards the following:-
Buyback of shares is the amount paid by the company to purchase its own shares. This data field captures the
utilisation of the Security premium reserve to write off the discount on the buy back of a company’s shares or other
specified securities.

1260 C APITAL , DEBT, INVESTMENT & OTHER RESERVES

Indicator : Capital, debt, investment & other reserves
Field : cap_debt_invest_oth_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the aggregate value of all of a company’s reserves, barring its security premium reserves.
These include:-
2. Capital reserve
5. Dividend equalisation reserve
10. Suplus/deficit on mergers
12. Lease equalisation reserve
13. Employee stock option reserve
14. General reserve
17. Other reserve

C APITAL REDEMPTION RESERVES 1261

Indicator : Capital redemption reserves
Field : cap_redemp_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Capital Redemption Reserve is a reserve created by a company when its preference shares are redeemed out of the
profits available for distribution as dividend and not out of issue of fresh capital. It is also created when the shares
of the company are cancelled on buy-back by utilising the accumulated reserves and not from the proceeds of fresh
issue of capital.
According to Section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956, preference shares can be redeemed only out of that portion
of a company’s profits which are available for distribution as dividend. The section also states that if the company
does not redeem its preference shares out of the profits which are available for distribution as dividend, then a fresh
issue of shares shall be made and the proceeds of such a fresh issue shall be utilised for the purpose of redemption
of preference shares.
Also, section 77A of the Act permits a company to purchase its own shares or other securities (i.e. buy-back) from
its accumulated free reserves, securities premium reserve or from proceeds of fresh issue of capital.
Both of these sections also specify that if a company redeems its preference shares or buys back its shares/securities
out of the distributable profits then a sum equal to the nominal amount of shares redeemed/bought-back have to be
transferred to a reserve called Capital Redemption Reserve.
Capital Redemption Reserve can be utilised only for issuing fully paid bonus shares to the members of the company.
The Capital Redemption Reserve is created mainly in order to protect the interest of a company’s creditors and to
maintain its working capital. Redemption of preference shares involves the repayment of capital, while superceding
the interest of creditors. In addition, the outflow of cash will result in lower working capital in the hands of the
company. Such a situation is averted by the creation of the Capital Redemption Reserve, which is drawn from
profits which were available for distribution of dividend.

1262 C APITAL RESERVES ( INCL . GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES )

Indicator : Capital reserves (incl. grants and subsidies)
Field : cap_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Schedule VI to the Companies Act 1956, defines Capital Reserve as ’a reserve which does not include any amount
regarded as free for distribution through the profit and loss account’.
A capital reserve is created out of the capital profits earned by a company, and therefore does not include profits
earned during the normal course of business. It is created from profits earned from transactions such as profit
on sale of fixed assets or investments, realisation of profits on issue of forfeited shares, government grants and
subsidies received but unutilised, etc. It also includes amounts, which because of their origin or the purposes for
which they are held, are not considered by the directors as available for distribution as dividend. A capital reserve
can be utilised for writing down fictitious assets or losses or for issuing bonus shares if it is realised in cash.
In case of amalgamations in the nature of a business purchase, if the purchase consideration paid by the acquiring
company is less than the net assets acquired (i.e. total assets - total liabilities) then the excess of net assets over
purchase consideration is credited to the capital reserve account. However, though the surplus arising on this
arrangement (amalgamation, etc.) is capital in nature, CMIE does not capture it in this data field, as it is captured
in a separate field for surplus/deficit arising on amalgamation/acquisition/merger.

S UBSIDIES AND GRANTS 1263

Indicator : Subsidies and grants
Field : grants_subsidies_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Government grants/subsidies are defined as any assistance received by a company from the government in cash or
kind for its compliance with certain conditions in the past, or its agreement to comply with certain conditions in
the future. Government grants do not include those forms which can not be reasonably valued, and whch cannot be
distinguished from the normal trading transactions of the enterprise.
approach) or as an income (income approach). In the income approach, the grant is recorded as ’other income’
on a systematic basis over the periods corresponding with their related costs (costs which they are intended to
compensate for). On the other hand, the capital approach involves crediting government grants to capital reserve.
This data field captures government grants in the nature of promoters’ contribution which have been credited to a
company’s capital reserve.
Where companies report assets net of grants, CMIE also reports the net value of the asset, i.e. assets reduced by
the value of the specific grant. In such cases grants are not reported separately under the data field Subsidies and
Grants under Reserves.

1264 D EBENTURE AND BOND REDEMPTION RESERVES

Indicator : Debenture and bond redemption reserves
Field : deb_bond_redemp_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Section 117C of the Companies Act, 1956, a company issuing debentures is under an obligation to create
a Debenture Redemption Reserve by allocating an adequate amount every year out of its profits as laid down for
different classes of companies, until such debentures/bonds are redeemed. The amounts credited to the debenture
redemption reserve cannot be utilised by the company for any purpose other than for the redemption of debentures
and bonds.
This data field captures the outstanding value of the amount credited to a company’s debenture/bond redemption
reserve.
Debenture redemption reserve is created for setting apart sufficient funds to facilitate the redemption of debentures
and bonds. Upon redemption, any surplus in this reserve becomes free and available for appropriation. Hence, after
redemptions, this reserve is transferred back to the profit and loss account or to the general reserve.

I NVESTMENT ALLOWANCE RESERVES 1265

Indicator : Investment allowance reserves
Field : invest_allow_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies usually create investment allowance reserves to avail the benefit available to them under the Section
32A of the Income Tax Act. However, this provision has been withdrawn and no deduction is available under this
section now.
Such allowances continue to be created by shipping companies governed by Section 33AC of Income Tax Act.
According to Section 33AC of the Income tax Act, a government company or a public company registered in India
with the main object of carrying on the business of operation of ships can claim deduction in respect of an amount
transferred to a special reserve called the Investment Allowance Reserve. This reserve should be utilised for the
purpose of building or acquiring new ships.
However, deduction under Income Tax Act is restricted to 100 percent of the profits derived from this business and
cannot exceed twice the paid up capital of the company.

1266 D IVIDEND EQUALISATION RESERVE

Indicator : Dividend equalisation reserve
Field : div_equalisation_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Since there can be a sharp fluctuaution in a company’s earnings over a series of financial years, it becomes necessary
for a company to allocate surplus earned from higher than average earnings in years of good performance to sustain
dividend payouts even during not-so-good years. Dividend equalisation reserve is a specific reserve which is set up
to ensure that the year-on-year dividends paid by the company remain stable despite changes in its earnings.
Companies that regularly pay dividend generally try to keep their year-on-year dividend paying rate more or less
constant/stable. In order to maintain this consistency, these companies transfer certain amount out of their prof-
its of a year to the dividend equalisation reserve. This reserve can be utilised only for the purpose of paying
dividends/maintaining the dividend rate in the years when the company incurs losses or has insufficient profits.

E XPORTS AND F OREIGN PROJECTS RESERVE 1267

Indicator : Exports and Foreign projects reserve
Field : frgn_proj_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Certain Indian companies engaged in foreign projects are entitled to tax deductions under sections 80HHB and
80HHC of the Income Tax Act, 1961. In order to qualify for this deduction, they are required to create a reserve
out of the foreign exchange proceeds earned abroad, called Foreign Project Reserve. Deduction under these two
sections are restricted to the profits transferred during the year.
A maximum deduction equal to 50% of the profits was previously allowed under section 80HHB upto the financial
year 1999-2000. However, from the financial year 2000-01, this deduction began to be phased out by a reduction
of 10% every year. Therefore, the last year in which the company can claim such a deduction was 2003-04. Thus,
from the financial year 2004–05, no deduction under section 80 HHB was available.
Deduction under section 80HHC is in respect of profits retained from exports. No deduction is allowed under this
section in respect of the assessment year beginning on or after 1 April, 2005. However, foreign project reserves
created in earlier years are reported by companies under their current balance sheet.

1268 TARIFFS AND DIVIDEND CONTROL RESERVES

Indicator : Tariffs and dividend control reserves
Field : tariff_div_control_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies engaged in the business of electricity generation and distribution are required by statute to maintain a
reserve called Tariff & Dividend Control Reserve. It is created mainly for the purpose of maintaining the rate of
tariffs and dividend in the future.
Tariff & Dividend Control Reserve is a statutory reserve which is created out of the profits earned by an electricity
generation and distribution company in excess of allowable ’reasonable return’. If the ’clear profit’ of a licensee for
any year is more than the amount of reasonable return, then one-third of such excess, not exceeding five percent of
the amount of reasonable return, will be at the disposal of the undertaking. Out of the balance of excess, one-half
is appropriated to the Tariffs and Dividends Control Reserve. When the reasonable return for any particular year is
not sufficient then this reserve is utilised.

OTHER STATUTORY RESERVES 1269

Indicator : Other statutory reserves
Field : oth_statutory_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Reserves created under the provisions of law/statute are termed as Statutory Reserves. CMIE captures the Tariffs
and Dividend Control Reserves (a statutory requirement for electricity companies) separately. Section 117C of the
Companies Act, 1956 requires that a company issuing debentures should create a Debenture Redemption Reserve
for the redemption of such debentures. CMIE captures this information also separately. It also captures the capital
redemption reserve separately that is mandated by Section 80 of the Companies Act.
All statutory reserves other than the three described above are captured in this data field.
Examples of statutory reserves reported in this data field are:
1. Reserve Fund (Banks): According to Section 17 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, every banking com-
pany incorporated in India should create a reserve fund. Banks transfer to the reserve fund a sum equivalent
to not less than 20% of their profits.
2. Reserve Fund (NBFC’s & other finance companies): According to Section 45-IC of the Reserve Bank of
India Act, 1934, every non-banking finance company should create a reserve fund and transfer therein a sum
not less than 20 % of its net profit every year.

1270 I NVESTMENT FLUCTUATION RESERVE

Indicator : Investment fluctuation reserve
Field : invest_fluct_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The Investment Fluctuation Reserve is maintained by banks and financial institutions for whom investments form
a major part of their assets and treasury operations are one of the prime activities. This reserve is created to guard
against fall in returns or diminution in value of investments. The reserve is also created in order to enable banks to
be better placed in order to meet interest rate risks.
This reserve came into effect as per the provisions stated in RBI’s Circular (dated September 2, 2003), Prudential
Norms for Classification, Valuation and Operation of Investment Portfolio by Banks.
As mandated by RBI, investment portfolio of banks are expected to be classified under three categories, viz., ’Held
to Maturity’ (HTM), ’Available for Sale’ (AFS) and ’Held for Trading’ (HFT). However, in the balance sheet, the
investments are disclosed as per six classifications, namely, a) Government securities, b) Other approved securities,
c) Shares, d) Debentures & Bonds, e) Subsidiaries/ joint ventures and f) Others (i.e. Commercial Papers, Mutual
Fund Units, etc.).
The Investment Fluctuation Reserve is required to be created for investments in the HFT and AFS categories.
However, it is not mandatory to create this reserve for investments in the HTM category.
Banks have to transfer the maximum amount of gains realised on sale of investment in securities to the Investment
Fluctuation Reserve (IFR) Account. It has to build up this reserve equivalent to at least five percent of their
investments under ’Held for Trading’ and ’Available for Sale’ categories within five years, out of profits available
after appropriation of the Statutory Reserve as per the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. However, it has the freedom
to build up a higher percentage of Investment Fluctuation Reserve up to 10 percent of its portfolios.
This reserve is a mandatory requirement only for banking companies and financial institutions, yet many large
companies having substantial amount of investments create this reserve as a good business practice. They generally
transfer their extra–ordinary gains from investments to the Investment Fluctuation Reserve.

S URPLUS AND DEFICIT ON MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS 1271

Indicator : Surplus and deficit on mergers & acquisitions
Field : amalgam_mna_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is relevant during amalgamations following mergers, or during demergers. If the purchase con-
sideration for the business purchase is more than the net assets, then the excess amount is debited to the General
Reserve and credited to the reserves for mergers & acquisitions. On the other hand, if the purchase consideration
is less than the net assets, then the amount is credited to the General Reserves and correspondingly debited to the
reserves for mergers & acquisitions. This data field captures the amounts routed through the reserves for mergers
& acquisitions in such cases.
Accounting Standard 14 on Accounting for Amalgamations issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India states that in case of amalgamations in the nature of purchase, if the purchase consideration paid by the
amalgamated company is less than the acquired net assets of the amalgamating company, then the difference (pur-
chase consideration - net assets) shall be transfered to a separate reserve called the Amalgamation Reserve. If the
consideration is more than the value of net assets then the positive difference shall be treated as goodwill.

1272 F OREX FLUCTUATION RESERVES

Indicator : Forex fluctuation reserves
Field : forex_fluct_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Forex Fluctuation Reserve is a specific reserve created for guarding the organisation against losses emanating from
fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. The reserve is also called as Foreign Currency Risk Fund, Reserve for
Foreign Exchange Transactions, Exchange Variation Reserve, Devaluation Exchange Reserve, etc.

L EASE EQUALISATION RESERVES 1273

Indicator : Lease equalisation reserves
Field : lease_equalisation_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The lease equalisation reserve was created to maintain a balance between the capital recovery inherent in lease
rental charges, and the depreciation of the leased assets chargeable as per the Companies Act, 1956. Companies
which leased out their assets created a lease equalisation reserve in order to write-off such capital recovery amounts,
so as to leave only financing charges in their revenue statements. This data field captures amounts booked in the
lease equalisation reserve.
With the introduction of Accounting Standard 19 (AS-19) on Leases w.e.f. 1 April 2001, the guidance note, which
prescribes the above treatment, was repealed. Also the treatment prescribed by the accounting standard does not
require any lease equalisation adjustment account. Nevertheless, this guidance note is still applicable to lease
agreements prior to 1 April 2001. Considering the fact that lease transactions are usually for a longer duration, this
item is likely to feature in financial statements of many companies for some years to come.

1274 C ONTINGENCY RESERVES

Indicator : Contingency reserves
Field : contingency_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A contingency is a future event or circumstance the occurence of which is possible, but can not be predicted with
certainty. A Contingency Reserve is created to safeguard a company against any possible losses or uncertain events
that may occur in future. This data field captures such contingency reserves. Unlike provisions that are charged
against revenues, reserves are appropriations from the profits of the firm.
This data field has two sub-categories - one for reserves for bad and doubtful loans’ and the other being residual in
nature, i.e. ’other contingency reserves’.

R ESERVES FOR BAD AND DOUBTFUL LOANS 1275

Indicator : Reserves for bad and doubtful loans
Field : resv_bad_doubtful_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The reserve for bad and doubtful loans is created to safeguard a company against unexpected losses that might
arise if the loans/advances given by the company turn bad, i.e. become irrecoverable. It is mainly created by non-
banking finance companies (NBFCs). However, companies with huge loan portfolios also maintain such a reserve
as a matter of prudent accounting policy.

1276 OTHER CONTINGENCY RESERVES

Indicator : Other contingency reserves
Field : oth_contingency_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies create contingency reserves in order to safeguard themselves from industry-specific contingencies. This
data field captures any contingency reserve created by a company for any purpose other than for bad and doubtful
loans.

OTHER SPECIFIC RESERVES AND FUNDS ( INCL . DEVELOPMENT RESERVE FUND ) 1277

Indicator : Other specific reserves and funds (incl. development reserve fund)
Field : oth_specific_resv_funds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A specific reserve is a reserve created out of the profits of the company for some specific purpose. It can be utilised
only for the purpose for which it has been created. In ordinary circumstances, it cannot be utilised to pay dividends,
unless the purpose which it was created has been fulfilled.
Any reserve created for any specific purpose for which a separate field does not exist, is reported in this data field.
Specific reserves other than those mentioned below are disclosed under this head:
1. Securities Premium Reserve
2. Dividend Equalisation Reserve
3. Investment Fluctuation Reserve
4. Amalgamation Reserve
5. Investment Allowance Reserve
6. Capital Redemption Reserve
7. Debenture Redemption Reserve
8. Foreign Project Reserve
9. Forex Fluctuation Reserve
10. Lease Equalisation Reserve
11. Revaluation Reserve
12. Contingency Reserve
Some of the specific reserves included in this data field are as under:-
1. Special Reserve under section 36(1)(viii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961: This is a specific reserve created by
companies involved in providing long term finance for industrial development, agricultural development and
infrastructural development for availing tax deductions under the Act.
2. Tea Deposit Account: For companies growing or manufacturing tea in India, a deduction is available from
taxable income, if a certain amount is deposited in the Tea Deposit Account opened with any Nationalised
Bank. The deduction is available to the extent of the amount deposited or 20% of the profits, whichever is
less. If the balance in the Tea Deposit Account is utilised for any purpose other than those specified in the
scheme framed by the Tea Board, then it is added to the taxable income in the year of utilisation. Any amount
against this Tea Deposit Account is included in this data field.
3. Development Reserves including Development Rebate Reserve: Some industrial undertakings are obligated
by law or agreement to create a separate reserve for development purposes, such reserves are called Develop-
ment Reserves and are included under other specific reserves.

1278 OTHER SPECIFIC RESERVES AND FUNDS ( INCL . DEVELOPMENT RESERVE FUND )
4. Research and Development Fund: Generally, companies involved in research and development appropriate a
part of their profits for creating a separate reserve called the Research and Development Fund. This reserve
is created to fund research and development activities.

OTHER REVENUE RESERVES 1279

Indicator : Other revenue reserves
Field : oth_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Free reserves that are not captured in separate specific data fields are reported in this data field. It does not include
any specific or statutory reserve.
Other reserves are different from other specific reserves in the sense that other reserves are free reserves which are
available for distribution of dividend to shareholders. Other specific reserves, in contrast, are not free reserves, and
can not be utilised for the purpose of distribution.

1280 A RREARS OF DEPRECIATION

Indicator : Arrears of depreciation
Field : arrears_of_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
There are circumstances where a company might not have provided for depreciation in the past. Loss-making
companies and sick companies, for instance, do not provide for depreciation in order to understate their losses.
This data field captures such accumulated depreciation which a company has not provided for in its profit and loss
accounts for any financial year/s in the past.
Arrears of depreciation do not form part of the balance sheet or profit and loss account, or even the schedules to
accounts. It is reported as a note in the Notes to Accounts. A company has to report the cumulative depreciation
and the depreciation for the year not provided, in its notes to accounts. The arrears of depreciation may be termed
as accumulated depreciation not charged/provided for by the company.

F IXED ASSETS REVALUATION RESERVE 1281

Indicator : Fixed assets revaluation reserve
Field : reval_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The revaluation reserve comes into being when a company revalues its assets and the revalued assets are of greater
value as compared to their earlier valuation. The difference between the revalued amount and the historical cost is
recorded as the revaluation reserve. The revaluation reserve is not a free reserve, and is not available for distribution
of dividend or issue of bonus shares.
Generally, the revaluation reserve is created only for revaluation of fixed assets, in accordance with para 13 of
Accounting Standard 10 (AS-10) on ’Accounting for Fixed Assets’. However, certain companies revalue their
investments, stocks and other current assets and create the corresponding revaluation reserves. Although this is an
unusual accounting practice, CMIE includes the same in this data field.

1282 R EVALUATION OF FIXED ASSETS DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Revaluation of fixed assets during the year
Field : reval_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Revaluation reserves comes into being when a company revalues its assets and the revalued assets are of greater
Revaluation reserve represents the difference between the estimated present market value and the book value of the
fixed assets. Revaluation reserve is only a book adjustment and does not represent any realised gain. This data field
captures the revaluation of fixed assets during a year.

R EVERSAL OF PRIOR REVALUATION OF FIXED ASSETS DURING THE YEAR 1283

Indicator : Reversal of prior revaluation of fixed assets during the year
Field : reversal_prior_reval_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
There is a possibility of a previously-executed upward-revaluation of fixed/assets/stock and current as-
sets/investments being reversed in subsequent years. Such a reversal is captured in this data field.

1284 T RANSFER TO P&L ACCOUNT FOR DEPRECIATION DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Transfer to P & L account for depreciation during the year
Field : dep_trf_to_pnl
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
After fixed assets are revalued, depreciation is charged on the revalued figure of assets. However, the additional
depreciation on the increase in the value of fixed assets, arising on revaluation, can be charged against the revalua-
tion reserve created for these assets. Thus, after charging full depreciation on the revalued assets to Profit & Loss
Account, this amount of additional depreciation is taken back from revaluation reserve to Profit & Loss Account.
Any such transfer from revaluation reserve to the Profit & Loss Account pertaining to depreciation of revalued
assets is reported in this data field.

E MPLOYEE STOCK OPTION RESERVE 1285

Indicator : Employee stock option reserve
Field : esop_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An employee stock option plan (ESOP) gives an employee a right to buy a specific number of shares of the com-
pany’s stock during the time frame and at a price that the company specifies. The right to exercise the option,
however, vests with employees, and they exercise it to maximise their benefits. ESOPs are used to attract and retain
employees.
This data field reports the amount of money set aside for the issuance of shares on employee stock option at the
time of conversion of these options into equity by the employee.

1286 E MPLOYEE STOCK OPTION RESERVE ADDITION

Indicator : Employee stock option reserve addition
Field : esop_resv_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
employees.
A reserve called ’employee stock option reserve’ is created to provide for the issuance of shares at the time of
exercise of an ESOP by an employee. This data field captures additions to employee stock option reserve.

E MPLOYEE STOCK OPTION RESERVE USED 1287

Indicator : Employee stock option reserve used
Field : esop_resv_used
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports that portion of the employee stock option reserve that has been utilised for the issuance of
shares on the exercise of ESOPs by employees.

1288 G ENERAL RESERVES

Indicator : General reserves
Field : general_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A General Reserve is a revenue reserve which is created out of the company’s profits and is free for distribution for
any purpose. Therefore, it is also called a free reserve. A part of the company’s earnings for the year are transferred
to this reserve to be used in future for any purpose, including declaring dividends when the profits for the current
year are insufficient, providing for buy-back of shares/redemption of preference shares when the redemption is not
from a fresh issue of shares but from accumulated reserves, financing expansions and modifications, augmenting
working capital, applying to offset specific future losses, etc.

S URPLUS / DEFICIT AS AT THE END OF THE YEAR 1289

Indicator : Surplus/deficit as at the end of the year
Field : bal_as_per_pnl_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is the accumulated profit / loss at the end of the year and includes the current year’s net profit after all
appropriations. Generally, the current year’s retained earning is added to the profits / losses accumulated over the
years and the sum of the two is reported by the companies in the schedule of Reserves & Surplus in their balance
sheet. The same number is captured in Prowess as surplus / deficit at the end of the year.
If a company has accumulated losses, then this data field will show a negative number.

1290 S URPLUS / DEFICIT AS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR

Indicator : Surplus/deficit as at the beginning of the year
Field : bal_brought_fwd
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field represents the accumulated profit/ loss as at the beginning of the year. In other words, it is the
profit / loss as at end of the previous accounting period. It is the amount brought forward to the profit & loss
(appropriation) account and to which profit/ loss of the current year is added.
However, many a times companies increase /decrease the profits available for appropriation by making an adjust-
ment in the profit figure brought forward from the previous year. In all such cases CMIE also increases or reduces
the amount in this data field. Such instances would arise, either when companies carry out a capital reduction and
increase the brought forward profit by that amount or say, when companies issue bonus shares from Profit and Loss
Appropriation and reduce the profit brought forward last year.
There may be cases when a new AS is made mandatory and companies bring into effect its provisions in their
accounts for the first time. They may choose to provide the effect of the transition retrospectively and thus make
adjustments to the brought forward profits. Thus, the balance brought forward from the previous year may be
increased or reduced accordingly. Such adjustments were reported by companies at the time of applicability of
AS-15, AS-22 and AS-30.
Under exceptional circumstances i.e. in case of a buy back etc. companies may write back the dividend provision
for prior years. Such a write back too would necessitate adjustment with brought forward profits from last year, if
the company may so choose.

R ETAINED PROFITS / LOSSES DURING THE YEAR 1291

Indicator : Retained profits/losses during the year
Field : retained_profits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Retained profit is the currnet year’s net profit retained by the company in the business after paying dividends to
its shareholders. It is computed by subtracting equity and preference dividends and dividend tax from the current
year’s net profit.
When a company incurs a net loss during the year, this data field will show the amount of net loss, which will be a
negative number.

1292 D IVIDEND PAID AND PROPOSED

Indicator : Dividend paid and proposed
Field : total_div
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the cash dividend given out to shareholders and proposed dividend (provisions made for
dividend) by the company during an accounting period. It includes all interim and final dividend on equity shares,
if any, dividend on preference shares and dividend tax paid (or provided for) during the accounting period.
Dividend declared in previous years but paid in the current year (prior-period dividend) is also reported here.

E QUITY DIVIDEND 1293

Indicator : Equity dividend
Field : equity_div_inc_dist
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the dividend given out to equity shareholders and proposed dividend (provisions made for
dividend) by the company on equity shares during an accounting period. It includes both interim and final dividend
declared during an accounting period. It excludes preference dividend and dividend taxes. These are captured
separately.
Equity dividend declared in previous years but paid in current year (prior-period dividend) is also reported here.

1294 I NTERIM DIVIDEND

Indicator : Interim dividend
Field : equity_div_interim
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend is said to be an interim dividend, if it is declared by the board of directors between two annual general
meetings of the company. A board meeting should be called and the rate at which dividend is payable must be
specifically stated in the resolution passed for declaration of interim dividend. All the provisions relating to the
payment of dividend shall be applicable on interim dividend also.
If interim dividend is approved by the board of directors, the amount of interim dividend shall be included in the
profit & loss (appropriation) account for the year and also in the directors’ report along with the final dividend, if
any, proposed for the approval of the members at the forthcoming annual general meeting.
This data field captures the amount of interim dividend reported by the company.

F INAL DIVIDEND ( INCLUDING SPECIAL DIVIDEND ) 1295

Indicator : Final dividend (including special dividend)
Field : equity_div_final
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Final dividend is proposed by the board of directors and need to be approved by the shareholders in the forthcoming
annual general meeting of the company. These are proposed and declared only after the profits of the company have
been determined. However, companies are not bound to link the final dividend to the performance of the company
during a particular accounting period. Dividends can be declared by the company out of accumulated profits subject
to certain conditions.
Final dividend once declared becomes a debt enforceable against the company. A provision is made for final
dividend proposed by the board of directors in the profit & loss (appropriation) account for the year. Prowess
captures the provision for proposed dividend in this data field.
Special dividend, if any, proposed by the company and also dividend proposed and provided for previous years if
any, in the current year (prior-period dividend) is also reported here.

1296 P REFERENCE DIVIDEND

Indicator : Preference dividend
Field : pref_div
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field refers to the dividend paid or proposed to be paid on preference share capital of a company.
Interim dividend paid on preference shares, if any, and any dividend declared in previous years on preference shares
but paid in the current year (prior-period dividend) are also reported in this data field.

D IVIDEND TAX 1297

Indicator : Dividend tax
Field : div_tax
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend tax was introduced in 1996-97. Thus, this data is available only from this year.
Companies are liable to pay additional income tax on any amount declared, distributed or paid by them by way of
dividend (whether interim or otherwise, whether out of current or accumulated profits). Such additional income tax
on dividends, called dividend tax, is payable even if no income tax is payable by such company on its total income.
Tax laws mandated that dividends would not be taxed at the hands of the shareholders but companies would pay
a tax on the dividends distributed to the shareholders. This tax is called the dividend tax and it is captured in this
data field.

1298 T RANSFERS FROM RESERVES TO S URPLUS / DEFICIT A / C

Indicator : Transfers from reserves to Surplus/deficit a/c
Field : trf_frm_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores any amount transferred from specific reserves and general reserve back to the Profit and Loss
(Appropriation) Account. Specific reserves are created for specified purposes. They are created by transferring
amounts from the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account to the specific reserve account. When the reserves are
no longer required for the purpose for which they were created, they are transferred back to the Profit and Loss
Appropriation Account. General Reserve is a revenue reserve which is created out of the company’s profits and is
free for distribution for any purpose. This data field represents the amount transferred back from these reserves to
P&L account and is the sum of any or all of the following:
1. Transfer from Capital Reserve
2. Transfer from Capital Redemption reserve
3. Transfer from Securities Premium Reserve
4. Transfer from Debenture and Bond Redemption Reserve
5. Transfer from Export and Foreign Project Reserve
6. Transfer from Tariffs and Dividend Control Reserve (for electricity companies)
7. Transfer from Other Statutory Reserves (including electricity related reserves)
8. Transfer from Dividend Equalisation Reserve
9. Transfer from Contingency Reserve
10. Transfer from Amalgamation Reserve
11. Transfer from General Reserve
12. Transfer from Other Specific Reserve
13. Transfer from Revaluation Reserve
14. Transfer from Other Revenue Reserves
15. Transfer from Overseas Principals of Banks
16. Transfer on Account of Merger

T RANSFER FROM CAPITAL RESERVE ( INCL . GRANTS , SUBSIDIES , ETC ) 1299

Indicator : Transfer from capital reserve (incl. grants, subsidies, etc)
Field : trf_frm_capital_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Capital reserve is a reserve created to meet general unspecified contingencies. It is not a free reserve and hence
no amount can be transferred from it to the profit and loss account for the purpose of dividend distribution. It is
created through the profit earned from certain types of transactions such as sale of fixed assets, issue of forfeited
shares, government grants and subsidies received but unutilised, etc. It also includes amounts which, because of
their origin or the purposes for which they are held, are not regarded by the directors as free for distribution as
dividend through the profit and loss account.
Thus the amount transferred from capital reserve can be utilised only for meeting a specific purpose. This data field
represents any amount transferred from the Capital Reserve Account to the Profit and Loss Account.

1300 T RANSFER FROM CAPITAL REDEMPTION RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer from capital redemption reserve
Field : trf_frm_cap_redm_res
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount transferred from capital redemption reserve account to Profit and Loss account.
This information is captured as reported in the ‘Capital redemption reserve’ section of the ‘Reserves & Surplus’
schedule of the annual report of the company.
issue of capital.

T RANSFER FROM S ECURITIES P REMIUM R ESERVE 1301

Indicator : Transfer from Securities Premium Reserve
Field : trf_frm_share_premium_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956, where a company issues securities at a premium, whether for
cash or otherwise, a sum equal to the aggregate amount of the premium on those shares shall be transferred to an
account to be called the Securities Premium Account. The net balance in such an account is reported in the financial
statements as Securities Premium Account. This account includes not only premium received on issue of shares of
the company but also includes any premium received on issue of debentures.
This data field reports any amount transferred from Securities Premium Reserve to Profit and Loss Account. How-
ever, Share/Debenture Issue expenses written off directly from securities premium reserve account or amount trans-
ferred to Profit and loss account for writing off share/debenture issue expenses is not considered as a transfer and
thus not reported in this data field. It is reported elsewhere. Only in exceptional cases, where a company may
transfer an amount from the Securities premium reserve, for say, writing off accumulated losses, this data field
would get populated.

1302 T RANSFER FROM DEBENTURE AND BOND REDEMPTION RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer from debenture and bond redemption reserve
Field : trf_frm_deb_bond_redemp_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures any transfer from Debenture Redemption Reserve to the Profit and Loss account. When
debentures for which the reserve was created are redeemed, the balance of unutilised reserve is transferred back to
the Profit and Loss account. Such a transfer is captured in this data field.
A debenture redemption reserve is created, as an obligation, by the company issuing debentures. This reserve is
created by allocating, every year, an adequate amount out of the profits of the company until such debentures/bonds
are redeemed. Debenture redemption reserve is created for setting apart sufficient funds to facilitate the redemption
of debentures and bonds.

T RANSFER FROM INVESTMENT FLUCTUATION RESERVE 1303

Indicator : Transfer from investment fluctuation reserve
Field : trf_frm_invest_fluctn_res
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field represents any amount transferred from Investment Fluctuation Reserve Account to the profit and
loss account. Investment Fluctuation Reserve is created generally by banks and financial institutions for whom
investments form a major part of their assets and treasury operations are one of the prime activities. This reserve is
created to guard against fall in returns or diminution in value of investments.

1304 T RANSFER FROM EXPORT AND FOREIGN PROJECT RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer from export and foreign project reserve
Field : trf_frm_export_frgn_proj_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount transferred from the Export / Foreign Project reserve account to the Profit and
Loss account. Such a transfer may occur when the purpose for which the reserve was created ceases to exist and
the reserves become free.

T RANSFER FROM TARIFFS AND DIVIDEND CONTROL RESERVE ( FOR ELECTRICITY COMPANIES ) 1305

Indicator : Transfer from tariffs and dividend control reserve (for electricity companies)
Field : trf_frm_tariffs_div_control_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
For companies engaged in the business of electricity / power generation and distribution, the statute requires such
companies to maintain a reserve called ‘Tariffs and Dividend Control Reserve’. This reserve is created mainly for
the purpose of maintaining the rate of tariffs and dividend in the future years. The amount transferred from this
reserve to the Profit & Loss Account is reported in this data field.

1306 T RANSFER FROM OTHER STATUTORY RESERVES

Indicator : Transfer from other statutory reserves
Field : trf_frm_oth_statutory_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field represents any amount transferred from the ‘Other statutory reserve’ account to the profit and loss
account.
Reserves, other than capital reserve, debenture / bond redemption reserve and tariffs and dividend control reserves
are classified as other statutory reserves. Reserves created under the provisions of law/statute are termed as ‘Statu-
tory reserves’. Examples of other statutory reserves are Reserve Fund (Banks), Reserve Fund (NBFC & other
finance companies) and tonnage tax reserve account.

T RANSFER FROM DIVIDEND EQUALISATION RESERVE 1307

Indicator : Transfer from dividend equalisation reserve
Field : trf_frm_div_equalisation_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount transferred from ‘Dividend equalisation reserve’ account to profit and loss account
for paying dividends.
Dividend equalisation reserve is a specific reserve which is set up to ensure that the year–on–year dividends paid
by the company remain stable despite changes in the earnings of the company. The purpose of this reserve is to
maintain a steady rate of dividend.
The earnings of a company may not remain stable every year. However, the board of directors may wish to keep a
stable payout of dividend to the shareholders of the company. In order to achieve this, dividend equalisation reserve
is created and a certain portion of profit earned during good years is transferred to this reserve.

1308 T RANSFER FROM INVESTMENT ALLOWANCE RESERVES

Indicator : Transfer from investment allowance reserves
Field : trf_frm_invst_allow_res
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount transferred from investment allowance reserve account to the profit and loss
account. Investment Allowance Reserve is a reserve which is created by a company for the purpose of replacement
of the assets of the company. The balance amount in this reserve is transferred to profit and loss account after the
purpose for which it is created is met.

T RANSFER FROM CONTINGENCY RESERVE 1309

Indicator : Transfer from contingency reserve
Field : trf_frm_contingency_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Contingency, as per Accounting Standard 4, refers to a situation whose outcome (in the form of loss or gain)
depends on the occurrence or non-occurrence of unforeseen future events. Thus contingency reserve is a reserve
created to provide for any possible loss on materialisation of such unforeseen future events. A contingency reserve
is not required anymore when the contingency is no more expected to materialise and this reserve is then written
back to profit and loss account. This data field reports the amount so transferred back to the profit and loss account
from the ‘Contingency reserve’ account.

1310 T RANSFER FROM AMALGAMATION RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer from amalgamation reserve
Field : trf_frm_amalgam_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount transferred from the amalgamation reserve account to the profit and loss account.
Excess of net assets taken over (assets at market value less liabilities) of the transferor company adjusted for
purchase consideration is credited to amalgamation reserve in the books of the transferee company.

T RANSFER FROM FOREX FLUCTUATION RESERVES 1311

Indicator : Transfer from forex fluctuation reserves
Field : trf_frm_forex_fluctn_res
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount transferred from forex fluctuation reserve account to the profit and loss account.
Forex fluctuation reserve is created by a company to protect itself from high volatility in currency exchange rates.
This reserve is mostly created by companies that have large transactions in foreign currency. The balance amount
in this reserve is transferred to profit and loss account after the purpose for which it is created is met.

1312 T RANSFER FROM LEASE EQUALISATION RESERVES

Indicator : Transfer from lease equalisation reserves
Field : trf_frm_lease_eqln_res
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount transferred from lease equalisation reserve account to the profit and loss account.

T RANSFER FROM GENERAL RESERVE 1313

Indicator : Transfer from general reserve
Field : trf_frm_general_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount transferred from the ‘General reserve’ account to the profit and loss account. A
General Reserve is a revenue reserve which is created out of the company’s profits and is free for distribution for
any purpose. A transfer from general reserve is normally done to appropriate the free reserve to some specific
reserve or to utilise it for some purpose by routing it through the profit and loss account.
This value is captured as reported in the details of general reserve account given in schedules/notes to accounts of
the annual report.

1314 T RANSFER FROM OTHER SPECIFIC RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer from other specific reserve
Field : trf_frm_oth_specific_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores any amount transferred from the specific reserve accounts (other than those specified else-
where in Prowess) to the profit and loss account.
Other specific reserve accounts are other than securities premium reserve, dividend equalisation reserve, investment
fluctuation reserve, amalgamation reserve, investment allowance reserve, capital redemption reserve, debenture
redemption reserve, foreign project reserve, forex fluctuation reserve, lease equalisation reserve, revaluation reserve
and contingency reserve.
Some of the specific reserves classified as other specific reserves are special reserve under section 36(1)(viii) of the
Income Tax Act, 1961, tea deposit account, development reserves (including development rebate reserve), research
and development fund, etc.

T RANSFER FROM FIXED ASSETS REVALUATION RESERVE 1315

Indicator : Transfer from fixed assets revaluation reserve
Field : trf_frm_reval_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount transferred from the revaluation reserve to the profit and loss account for a
purpose other than charging depreciation on revalued portion of assets. Depreciation on revalued portion of assets
cannot be charged to current year’s profit, but it is set off against the revaluation reserve. CMIE does not report
such a set off under this data field. It is reported elsewhere.
Only in exceptional cases where a company may transfer an amount from the revaluation reserve for say, writing
off accumulated losses, this data field would get populated.

1316 T RANSFER FROM OTHER REVENUE RESERVES

Indicator : Transfer from other revenue reserves
Field : trf_frm_oth_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount transferred from other reserves account to the profit and loss (appropriation)
account.
Companies disclose the value of ’Other reserves’ in their schedules/notes to accounts of their annual reports. If
a company reports ’Transfer from other reserves’ under ‘Other reserves’, without providing information as to the
nature and purpose of the reserve then, this value is captured in this field. ‘Other reserve’ is reserve other than
Capital Reserve, Securities Premium Reserve, Debenture/bond Redemption Reserve, Exports and Foreign Projects
Reserve, Tariffs and Dividend Control Reserve (For electricity companies), Other Statutory Reserves, Dividend
Equalisation Reserve, Contingency Reserve, Amalgamation Reserve, General Reserve, Other Specific Reserve and
the Revaluation Reserve.

T RANSFER FROM EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION RESERVE 1317

Indicator : Transfer from employee stock option reserve
Field : trf_frm_esop_res
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount transferred from employee stock option reserve account to the profit and loss
account.
Employee stock option reserve is created to set aside money for the issunace of shares on employee stock option
plan at the time of conversion of these options into equity by the employee.
An employee stock option plan (ESOP) gives an employee a right to buy a specific number of shares of the company
during a time frame and at a price that the company specifies. The right to exercise the option, however, vests with
employees, and they exercise it to maximise their benefits. ESOPs are used to attract and retain employees.
The balance amount in this reserve is transferred to profit and loss account when the purpose for which it is made
is met.

1318 T RANSFER FROM OVERSEAS PRINCIPALS OF BANKS

Indicator : Transfer from overseas principals of banks
Field : trf_frm_overseas_principals
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field represents any amount transferred by the foreign principal to its Indian branch. This transfer can be
for providing support for setting up of the initial operations in India or it may even be to provide monetary support
to branch(es) incurring losses.
This data field is used only when the company shows such transfer in its appropriations. If this features in the
balance sheet, it is not captured in this data field.

T RANSFER ON ACCOUNT OF MERGER 1319

Indicator : Transfer on account of merger
Field : trf_frm_merger_hiveoff
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is relevant when a business unit gets merged into the company. In such times, this data field captures
the profits or loss of the merged entity during the year of the merger that was transferred into the books of the
company. This data field is populated with such a figure only if it is reflected by the company in the profit and loss
account. If the company chooses to show such amounts only in the Balance Sheet and not in the Profit and Loss
Account, then it is not shown in the Profit and Loss Account.

1320 T RANSFERS TO RESERVES FROM SURPLUS / DEFICIT A / C

Indicator : Transfers to reserves from surplus/deficit a/c
Field : trf_to_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount transferred to reserves from the Profit and Loss (Appropriation) Account. Spe-
cific reserves are created for specified purposes. They are created by transferring amounts from the Profit and Loss
Appropriation Account to the specific reserve account. The amount so transferred is reported in this data field.
Transfer to general reserve and other reserves is also captured in this data field. This data field is the sum of any or
all of the following:
1. Transfer to Capital Reserve
2. Transfer to Capital Redemption Reserve
3. Transfer to Debenture and Bond Redemption Reserve
4. Transfer to Investment Allowance Reserve
5. Transfer to Dividend Equalisation Reserve
6. Transfer to Investment Fluctuation Reserve
7. Transfer to Export and Foreign Project Reserve
8. Transfer to Tariffs and Dividend Control Reserve (for electricity companies)
9. Transfer to Other Statutory Reserves
10. Transfer to Contingency Reserve
11. Transfer to Forex Fluctuation Reserve
12. Transfer to General Reserve
13. Transfer to Other Specific Reserve
14. Transfer to Revaluation Reserve
15. Transfer to Other Reserves
16. Transfer to Employee Stock Option Reserve
17. Transfer to Overseas Principals of Banks
18. Transfer on account of hiving off and de-merger

T RANSFER TO CAPITAL RESERVE ( INCL . GRANTS , SUBSIDIES , ETC ) 1321

Indicator : Transfer to capital reserve (incl. grants, subsidies, etc)
Field : trf_to_capital_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports the amount transferred from the profit & loss appropriation account of the company to
the Capital Reserve account. It represents the amount being set aside for specified purposes as described by the
company.

1322 T RANSFER TO CAPITAL REDEMPTION RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer to capital redemption reserve
Field : trf_to_cap_redm_res
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports the amount transferred by a company from its profit & loss appropriation account to Capital
redemption reserve account.
Whenever a company redeems its preference shares then the nominal value or face value of the shares is put into
capital redemption reserve fund. Capital redemption revere is also created when a company buys it owns shares
which reduces its share capital.
This fund can be utilised only for issuing fully paid bonus shares. No dividend can be distributed out of this fund.
Redemption of preference shares involves repayment of capital before paying creditors of the company. This may
affect the interest of creditors. When the amount is capitalised by creating capital redemption reserve, it will not be
available for distribution of dividends. Thus, it helps to protect interest of creditors.

T RANSFER TO DEBENTURE AND BOND REDEMPTION RESERVE 1323

Indicator : Transfer to debenture and bond redemption reserve
Field : trf_to_deb_bond_redemp_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports the amount transferred by the company during the financial year from its profits & loss
appropriation account to the Debenture Redemption Reserve account.
According to The Companies Act, 1956, it is mandatory for a company to create a Debenture Redemption Reserve
for the non-convertible debentures issued by it. Creating such a reserve for convertible debentures is optional.
To protect the interest of the debenture holders, the Companies Act made it mandatory for every company that
issued debenutres to create debenture redemption reserve. A company is required to credit adequate amount to
debenture redemption reserve from its profits every year until such debentures are redeemed. The amount credited
to the DRR shall not be utilised by the company except for the redemption of debentures.

1324 T RANSFER TO INVESTMENT ALLOWANCE RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer to investment allowance reserve
Field : trf_to_invest_allow_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount of profit which is appropriated as Investment Allowance Reserve for the purpose
of replacement of the company’s assets. Investment Allowance Reserve is a reserve which is created by a company
for the purpose of replacement of the assets of the company.

T RANSFER TO DIVIDEND EQUALISATION RESERVE 1325

Indicator : Transfer to dividend equalisation reserve
Field : trf_to_div_equalisation_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount of profit appropriated during the financial year to the Dividend Equalisation
Reserve. Dividend Equalisation Reserve is a specific reserve set up by a company to ensure that the year–on–year
dividends paid by the company remain stable despite changes in its earnings.

1326 T RANSFER TO INVESTMENT FLUCTUATION RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer to investment fluctuation reserve
Field : trf_to_invest_fluct_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount of profit appropriated during the financial year to the Investment Fluctuation
Reserve. Investment Fluctuation Reserve is a reserve created by a company to provide for any diminution in the
value of long term investment. This is a mandatory requirement in case of banks.

T RANSFER TO EXPORT AND FOREIGN PROJECT RESERVE 1327

Indicator : Transfer to export and foreign project reserve
Field : trf_to_export_frgn_proj_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports the amount of profits which are transferred in a particular year to the Foreign Project Reserve
or Export Reserve account. The amounts so transferred are eligible for deduction (tax concessions) under section
80 HHB subject to certain limitations. The section deals with deductions in respect of profits and gains from
projects outside India.
A maximum deduction equal to 50% of the profits was allowed till the financial year 1999–2000. Since 2000–01,
this deduction was gradually phased out i.e. reduced by 10% every year and the last year in which the companies
could claim such a deduction was 2003–04. Thus, from the financial year 2004–05, no deduction under section 80
HHB is available. Nevertheless, if a company continues to so transfer amounts, it is reported in this data field.

1328 T RANSFER TO TARIFFS AND DIVIDEND CONTROL RESERVES ( FOR ELECTRICITY COMPANIES )

Indicator : Transfer to tariffs and dividend control reserves (for electricity companies)
Field : trf_to_tariffs_div_control_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount of profit transferred during the financial year to Tariffs and Dividend Control
Reserve. Such transfers are mostly found in financial statements of electricity/ power generation and distribution
companies. This reserve is created mainly for the purpose of maintaining the rate of tariffs and dividends in the
future years.

T RANSFER TO OTHER STATUTORY RESERVES ( INCLUDING ELECTRICITY RELATED RESERVES ) 1329

Indicator : Transfer to other statutory reserves (including electricity related reserves)
Field : trf_to_oth_statutory_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports the amount transfered from current year’s profit to any statutory reserve not otherwise
captured separately. Transfers to statutory reserves captured separately are: Transfer to Capital Reserves, Transfer
to the Debenture / Bond Redemption Reserves and Transfer to Tariffs and Dividend Control Reserves. Examples of
other statutory reserves are Reserve Fund (Banks), Reserve Fund (NBFC & other finance companies) under section
45-IC and Tonnage Tax Reserve Account.
Statutory reserve, also called as legal reserve, is a reserve required to be created by law. At times companies, which
are formed under different statutes or are incorporated by any Act of Parliament, then such companies have to
follow the reserve requirements stipulated by the respective Statutes/Acts under which they are incorporated. For
example, 20
Transfer of profits to such reserves is captured in this data field.

1330 T RANSFER TO CONTINGENCY RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer to contingency reserve
Field : trf_to_contingency_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports the amount, which is transferred from the profits of the company to the Contingency Reserve
Account. Contingency, as per Accounting Standard 4, refers to a situation whose outcome (in the form of loss or
gain) depends on the occurrence or non-occurrence of unforeseen future events. Thus, contingency reserve is a
reserve created to provide for any possible loss on materialisation of such unforeseen future events.

T RANSFER TO FOREX FLUCTUATION RESERVE 1331

Indicator : Transfer to forex fluctuation reserve
Field : trf_to_forex_fluctn_res
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any transfer of profits from the profit & loss appropriation account to forex fluctuation reserve account during an
accounting period is reported in this data field.
Forex fluctuation reserve is created by a company to protect itself from high volatility in currency exchange rates.
This reserve is mostly created by companies that have large transactions in foreign currency.

1332 T RANSFER TO GENERAL RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer to general reserve
Field : trf_to_general_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports the amount of profit transferred to the General Reserve. The transfers are generally shown as
a part of the appropriations out of profit available to shareholders i.e. after profit after tax. The General Reserve as
reported by the company in the schedule of reserves in the balance sheet also reflects the amount of such transfers
that have been done to this reserve during the year. No company can declare dividend, without transferring specified
percentage of profit to general reserve in compliance with Companies (Transfer of profits to reserves) rules, 1975.

T RANSFER TO OTHER SPECIFIC RESERVES 1333

Indicator : Transfer to other specific reserves
Field : trf_to_oth_specific_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field represents any appropriation out of profits to specific reserves other than those that form a part of
the list of ‘specific reserve heads’ in Prowess.
Specific reserves are those that companies create for a specific purpose. Certain specific reserves are very peculiar
to the business that a company is into and it is not possible to classify these into any of the ‘specific reserves
heads’ in Prowess. For example, transfer to reserves like SEZ reinvestment allowance reserve, Insurance reserve,
corporate social responsibility reserve, business progressive fund, metal price fluctuation reserve, etc, cannot be
captured under any of the specific reserves heads in Prowess.
Transfer to such reserves is captured as transfer to other specific reserves in Prowess.

1334 T RANSFER TO FIXED ASSET REVALUATION RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer to fixed asset revaluation reserve
Field : trf_to_reval_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports any amount transferred to the revaluation reserve from the profit and loss appropriation
account. Revaluation reserves are created when assets are revalued. Usually, there are no transfers to the revaluation
reserves from the profit and loss account. However, there are rare cases where such a transfer has been observed
during a change in the accounting policy of companies that have already created revaluation reserves. This data
field captures such cases.

T RANSFER TO OTHER REVENUE RESERVES 1335

Indicator : Transfer to other revenue reserves
Field : trf_to_oth_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is a residuary data field. When a transfer to reserves from the profit and loss account cannot be captured under
any specific head, then such an appropriation is shown as transfer to other revenue reserves.

1336 T RANSFER TO EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTION RESERVE

Indicator : Transfer to employee stock option reserve
Field : trf_to_esop_res
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures appropriations out profits to employee stock option reserve.
Employee stock option reserve is created to set aside money for the issunace of shares on employee stock option
plan at the time of conversion of these options into equity by the employee.
An employee stock option plan (ESOP) gives an employee a right to buy a specific number of shares of the company
during a time frame and at a price that the company specifies. The right to exercise the option, however, vests with
employees, and they exercise it to maximise their benefits. ESOPs are used to attract and retain employees.

T RANSFER TO OVERSEAS PRINCIPALS OF BANKS 1337

Indicator : Transfer to overseas principals of banks
Field : trf_to_overseas_principals
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is for entities operating as branches of a foreign company. When a foreign principal starts operations
in India through its branch then any amount transferred by the Indian branch to its foreign principal and shown by
the branch as ’appropriations’ is reported in this data field. This amount may be remittances out of profits to its
principal. This data field reports only the amount disclosed as appropriation out of profit by the company.

1338 T RANSFER ON ACCOUNT OF HIVING OFF AND DE - MERGER

Indicator : Transfer on account of hiving off and de-merger
Field : trf_to_merger_hiveoff
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is relevant when a business unit gets hived off or de-merged from the company. During such times,
this data field captures the profits or loss of the de-merged entity during the year of the merger that was transferred
to the books of the company. This data field is populated only if the company reflects the transaction in the profit
and loss appropriation account. If the company chooses to show such amount only in the balance sheet and not in
the profit and loss appropriations account, then it is not captured in this data field.

OTHER ADDITIONS /( DEDUCTION ) TO SURPLUS / DEFICIT A / C 1339

Indicator : Other additions/(deduction) to surplus/deficit a/c
Field : oth_add_dedu_to_surplus_deficit_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1340 OTHER ADJUSTMENTS TO SURPLUS / DEFICIT A / C

Indicator : Other adjustments to surplus/deficit a/c
Field : oth_adjust_to_surplus_deficit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

R EVENUE EXPENSES DIRECTLY CHARGED TO RESERVES 1341

Indicator : Revenue expenses directly charged to reserves
Field : revenue_exp_charged_to_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
All revenue expenses are normally charged to profit & loss account. However, certain expenses like share issue
expense which is a deferred revenue expense, is permitted to be written off against the accumulated reserves without
routing it through the profit & loss account.
But, companies, may charge some of the revenue expenses, which should ideally be charged to the profit & loss
account, directly to the reserves. This is an unusual practice.
However, CMIE captures this even if it is an unusual practice.Therefore, any such write off appearing in the balance
sheet of the company (liability side) is captured in this data field.
The capture of such a figure directly into the balance sheet mars the comparability of the accounts with other
normal accounts. There is thus a case that CMIE’s normalisation should route such expenses through the Profit and
Loss Account. However, the figure given in the balance sheet does not necessarily pertain to a single accounting
period. If such a figure is taken to the profit & loss account it could make the financial statements for that year non-
comparable to other financial statements. Thus, the solution to one problem could create another instead. CMIE
therefore, does not route such a figure through the profit & loss account.

1342 S HARE APPLICATION MONEY & SUSPENSE ACCOUNT

Indicator : Share application money & suspense account
Field : share_appl_money_susp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field, which is part of liabilities in the balance sheet of a company, captures the consideration (whether in
terms of cash or otherwise) received by a company for shares that have not yet been allotted.
This data field is restricted only to that part of the consideration received to the extent of the face value of yet-to-
be-allotted shares. Any premium received or to be received against these shares is not included. It does not even
take into account discount, if any, to be offered on yet-to-be-allotted shares.
There can be two cases in which money or other consideration may be received by a company but the shares are
not allotted by the company by the balance sheet date.
The first case pertains to cash received towards share application money. This is the money that is received by the
company from investors when the company is making a share capital issue. The funds remain are recorded as a
liability till the time the shares are allotted, in which case such share application money (to the extent of shares
allotted) is transferred to the share capital account. In case some applications are rejected, the entire cash might
either be refunded to applicants, or some part of the application money received might be adjusted with the amount
to be raised on allotment of shares.
This share application money could be for the equity shares of the company or for the preference shares of the
company. Application money received by the company for either is included in this data field. Upon allotment this
share application money will become the paid up capital of the company.
In the second case, sometimes the company is unable to allot the shares either due to litigation or due to some
scheme of restructuring. Generally in case of amalgamations/acquisitions, companies issue shares pursuant to the
scheme of amalgamation/acquisition for consideration other than cash. In such cases, the shares are not allotted
until the scheme of amalgamation is completed. In the meantime, a share suspense account is temporarily created
for receipts on issue of shares or re-issue of shares (forfeited shares) in case of a pending decision regarding that
receipt. It is used to store funds received for the shares to be issued until a permanent decision is made about the
allocation and allotment of those shares. This data field includes the consideration received against the face value
of such shares. Once the litigation is resolved and the shares allotted, this amount becomes part of share capital of
the company. Till the allotment, the amount continues to reside in the share application & suspense account.

S HARE APPLICATION MONEY AND ADVANCES – EQUITY 1343

Indicator : Share application money and advances – equity
Field : share_appl_money_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Equity share application money is the amount received by a company from investors who have applied for allot-
ment. When a company makes an issue of equity shares, it receives applications from the potential investors along
with the application money. Such application money which is collected from the potential investors is known as
share application money. It is deposited in a separate bank account and is not transferred to the share capital account
until the shares are allotted to the investors.
Upon allotment of shares, monies received on application is transfered to share capital account. Sometimes a part
of the amount received is transfered to share capital account while the balance portion is kept aside to be adjusted
against future calls. All amounts received against equity shares but not transferred to share capital account are

1344 S HARE APPLICATION MONEY AND ADVANCES – PREFERENCE SHARES

Indicator : Share application money and advances – preference shares
Field : share_appl_money_pref
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company makes an issue of preference shares, it receives applications from the potential investors along
with some initial money. Such money which is collected from potential investors for preference sgares is known
as share application money. This money is deposited in a separate bank account and is not transferred to the share
capital account until the shares are alloted to the investors.
Sometimes, a part of the amount is transfered to share capital account while the balance portion is kept aside to be
adjusted against future calls.
All amounts received against preference shares but not transferred to the share capital account are captured in this
data field.

E QUITY CAPITAL SUSPENSE 1345

Indicator : Equity capital suspense
Field : equity_cap_susp_and_oth_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The equity capital suspense account represents the equity share capital of the company which has been issued but
not yet allotted either due to litigation or because of some scheme of restructuring.
Generally in case of amalgamations/acquisitions, companies issue shares pursuant to the scheme of amalgama-
tion/acquisition for consideration other than cash. In such cases, the shares are not allotted until the scheme of
amalgamation is completed. Such shares are then transferred to the share capital suspense account, till they are
allotted.

1346 P REFERENCE CAPITAL SUSPENSE ACCOUNT

Indicator : Preference capital suspense account
Field : pref_cap_susp_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Preference capital suspense account represents the preference share capital of the company which has been issued
but not yet allotted. The allotment of such shares might be pending either due to litigation or because of some
scheme of restructuring.
Generally, in case of amalgamations/acquisitions, companies issue shares pursuant to the scheme of amalgama-
tion/acquisition for a consideration other than cash. In such cases, the shares are not allotted until the scheme of
amalgamation is completed. Such shares are then transferred to the share capital suspense account till the time they
are allotted.

D EPOSITS ( ACCEPTED BY COMMERCIAL BANKS ) 1347

Indicator : Deposits (accepted by commercial banks)
Field : deposits_commercial_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount of deposits collected by commercial banks only. It does not capture deposits
that may be collected by non-banking companies.
Receiving of deposits is one of the primary functions of a commercial bank. There are three types of deposits that
banks accept: demand deposits, savings deposits and term deposits. This data field captures the total amount of
deposits collected and outstanding with the bank as on the balance sheet date. Since all the deposits accepted by a
bank are repayable on demand or at maturity, it is a part of the total liabilities of a bank.

1348 D EMAND DEPOSITS

Indicator : Demand deposits
Field : demand_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A demand deposit is a bank deposit from which the deposited funds can be withdrawn at any time, as per the
requirement of the depositor, without any advance notice to the bank. It includes all bank deposits repayable on
demand. Deposits in current account, credit balance in overdrafts, cash credit accounts, deposits payable at call,
overdue deposits, inoperative current accounts, matured time deposits and cash certificates, demand draft, etc. are
included under demand deposits of banks.
This data field captures the total demand deposits outstanding with the bank as on the balance sheet date.

D EMAND DEPOSITS FROM BANKS 1349

Indicator : Demand deposits from banks
Field : demand_deposits_frm_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When banks receive demand deposits from other banks, it is captured in this data field.

1350 D EMAND DEPOSITS FROM OTHERS

Indicator : Demand deposits from others
Field : demand_deposits_frm_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Demand deposits accepted by banks from entities other than the banking companies are reported in this data field.

S AVING DEPOSITS 1351

Indicator : Saving deposits
Field : saving_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
These are savings deposits accepted by banks.
Saving deposits have characteristics of demand deposits as well as term deposits. There is no limit on the number
of deposits made to the saving deposit account but there is a limit on the number of withdrawals per day. Saving
deposits earn a specified rate of interest, and usually a minimum balance has to be maintained on an on-going basis
to enable the holder to issue cheques. Saving deposits are generally made by individual investors and form a major
part of the sources of funds for the banking companies.
This data field captures the total savings deposits outstanding with the bank as on the balance sheet date.

1352 T ERM DEPOSITS

Indicator : Term deposits
Field : lt_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unlike a demand deposit, term deposit is a type of account which cannot be accessed for a predetermined period.
A deposit made into a term deposit account is subject to remaining in the account until a specified maturity date or
term, which ranges between one month and ten years. Term deposit accounts generally assess a penalty for early
withdrawal, requiring advance notice in many cases. These type of accounts also pay a higher rate of interest than
demand deposit or other type of savings accounts. Individuals, business institutions use term deposit accounts to
park liquid funds which are not in use.
This data field captures the total term deposits outstanding with the bank on the balance sheet date.

T ERM DEPOSITS FROM BANKS 1353

Indicator : Term deposits from banks
Field : lt_deposits_frm_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When the term deposits are accepted by a bank from other banking companies, they are disclosed under the head
“Term deposits from banks”. These are captured in this data field.

1354 T ERM DEPOSITS FROM OTHERS

Indicator : Term deposits from others
Field : lt_deposits_frm_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Term deposits accepted by banks from entities other than other banking companies are reported in this data field.

N ON - CURRENT LIABILITIES 1355

Indicator : Non-current liabilities
Field : non_current_liabilities
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Non-current liabilities are a part of the total liabilities of a company. Liabilities which are not expected to be
settled in the company’s normal operating cycle or within 12 months from the balance sheet date are classified as
non-current liabilities and captured in this data field.
Non-current liabilities include:
1. Long term borrowings excluding current portion
3. Long term trade and capital payables and acceptances
4. Deposits and advances from customers and employees (long term)
5. Interest accrued but not due (long term)
6. Other miscellaneous long term liabilities
7. Long term provisions
The revised schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956 requires companies to segregate their assets and liabilities into
current and non-current portions. Any liability which is expected to be settled within 12 months from the balance
sheet date has to be classified under current liabilities. For instance, the portion of long term debt, which is due for
repayment within 12 months from the balance sheet date will have to be classified under ‘other current liabilities’.
Only long term borrowings excluding current portion will be classified under non-current liabilities.
Companies have been presenting their financial statements in the new disclosure format since April 2012. Hence,
data on non-current liabilities is available in Prowess only from March 2011 onwards.

1356 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Long term borrowings excl current portion
Field : long_term_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures only that portion of the total long term borrowings of a company which is not expected to be
repaid within the next 12 months from the balance sheet date. The portion which is to be repaid within 12 months
is captured separately as ‘current maturities of long term borrowings’ and is classified under current liabilities.
Long term borrowings excluding current portion forms a part of non-current liabilities of a company.
The revised schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956 requires companies to segregate their assets and liabilities into
current and non-current portions. Any liability which is expected to be settled within 12 months from the balance
sheet date has to be classified under current liabilities. Liabilities which are not expected to be settled during the
normal operating cycle of the company or within 12 months of the reporting date will be classified as non-current
liabilities.
Companies have been presenting their financial statements in the new disclosure format since April 2012. Hence,
data on total long-term borrowings excluding current portion is available in Prowess only from March 2011 on-
wards.

L ONG TERM BORROWING FROM BANKS 1357

Indicator : Long term borrowing from banks
Field : lt_borr_from_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of long term borrowings taken by companies from banks, both secured or
unsecured. Money borrowed from banks for a period of more than 12 months is classified as long term borrowings
from banks.
A company may borrow from a single bank or a number of banks or from a banking syndicate. All of these are
included in this data field. Long term borrowings which is syndicated across banks and financial institutions is
captured separately elsewhere. If a company borrows foreign currency from banks then these are reported in the
data field ‘Long Term Foreign Currency Borrowings’ and not in this data field.
The classification of long term bank borrowings as secured and unsecured is disclosed separately in the sched-
ules/notes to accounts section of the annual report. This classification of long term bank borrowings is captured
separately.
This field is relevant to all companies except for banking companies, since it is not mandatory for banks to classify
their borrowings into long and short term, viz. the revised schedule VI is not applicable to them. Since this field has
been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by companies in accordance with the revised Schedule
VI format, data is available only post-March 2011.
Since April 2012, companies have been presenting their financial data in the new disclosure format given in the
Schedule VI of The Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. The revised
schedule VI makes it mandatory for companies to broadly classify assets and liabilities as ‘Current’ and ‘Non-
current’.
The current portion of long term borrowings, whether individual classes of borrowings or the total sum of all
the types of borrowings, is also required to be reported separately. Current portion refers to that portion of a
conventional long term item that is expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet
date. This data field captures the total value of a company’s long term borrowings from banks including the current
portion of such borrowings.

1358 S ECURED LONG TERM BANK BORROWINGS

Indicator : Secured long term bank borrowings
Field : sec_lt_borr_from_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount of secured long term bank borrowings of a company as on a date. Money borrowed
from banks for a period of more than 12 months is classified as long term borrowings from banks.
ules/notes to accounts section of the annual report. The secured portion of such borrowings is captured in this data
field.
Secured loan means a loan made on the security of asset the market value of which is not at any time less than the
amount of such loan. The borrower pledges some assets with the lender as collateral for the loan taken. In case
of default of secured loans, the lender has the authority to sell the pledged assets and recover the due. One of the
advantage of a secured loan to the borrower is that the rate of interest charged is low as compared to that of an
unsecured loan.
A company may borrow from a single bank or a number of banks or from a syndicate of banks. All of these are
included in this data field. If a company takes foreign currency loans from banks then these are reported in the data
field ‘Long Term Foreign Currency Borrowings’ and not in this data field.
Since April 2012, companies present their financial data in the new disclosure format given in schedule VI of
the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. The revised schedule VI has
mandated the classification of liabilities into ’current’ and ’non-current’ categories for all companies except banking
companies.
The revised schedule VI also requires the disclosure of the current portion of conventional long term liabili-
ties/assets. The current portion of a long term borrowing refers to that portion which is expected to be paid off
within a period of 12 months from the date of reporting, i.e balance sheet date. This data field captures the total
value of secured long term borrowings from banks, including the current portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM BANK BORROWINGS 1359

Indicator : Unsecured long term bank borrowings
Field : unsec_lt_borr_from_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount of unsecured long term bank borrowings of a company as on a date. Money
borrowed from banks for a period of more than 12 months is classified as long term borrowings from banks.
ules/notes to accounts section of the annual report. The unsecured portion of such borrowings is captured in this
data field.
The borrower does not has to pledge any assets with the lender as collateral for the loan. Secured loan means a
loan made on the security of asset the market value of which is not at any time less than the amount of such loan;
and "unsecured loan or advance" means a loan not so secured.
In comparison with secured borrowings, unsecured borrowings have high interest rates.
included in this data field. If a company takes unsecured foreign currency loans from banks then these are reported
in the data field ‘Unsecured Long Term Foreign Currency Borrowings’ and not in this data field.
Since April 2012, companies present their financial data in the new disclosure format given in the Schedule VI of
the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. The revised schedule VI makes it
mandatory for companies to broadly classify liabilities as ’Current liabilities’ and ’Non-current liabilities’.
The revised schedule VI also requires companies to disclose the current portion of conventional long term borrow-
ings. Current portion of long term borrowings can be defined as that portion of such borrowings that are expected
to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field reports the total value of
unsecured long term bank borrowings including the current portion thereof.

1360 C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM BORROWING FROM BANKS

Indicator : Current portion of long term borrowing from banks
Field : curr_portion_lt_borr_from_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores that outstanding portion of long term bank borrowings which is to be repaid within the period
of 12 months from the balance sheet date. This value is called the current portion of long term bank borrowings.
included in this data field. Current portion of long term foreign currency bank borrowings are captured elsewhere.
The value of this data field may be of secured bank borrowings or unsecured bank borrowings or both. This is an
addendum information field. Subsequently, the amount is clubbed under the head "Current maturities of long term
debt" as a current liability.
their borrowings into long term, short term and current portion of long term, viz. the revised schedule VI is not
applicable to them. Since this field has been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by companies
in accordance with the revised Schedule VI format, data is available only post-March 2011.
The Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. The revised schedule VI makes
it mandatory for companies to broadly classify liabilities as ‘Current liabilities’ and ‘Non-current liabilities’. The
current portion of long term borrowings, whether individual classes of borrowings or the total sum of all the types
of borrowings, is also required to be reported separately.

L ONG TERM BORROWING FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING NBFC’ S 1361

Indicator : Long term borrowing from financial institutions including NBFC’s
Field : lt_borr_from_fin_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total amount of long term borrowings from financial institutions(FI), both secured and
unsecured. Money borrowed for a period of more than 12 months is classified as long term borrowings.
Some of the domestic financial institutions are SIDBI, HUDCO, NABARD, IFCI and SFCs. In the past it included
IDBI, ICICI and IDFC as well. However, IDBI and ICICI have since merged into commercial banks with similar
names and IDFC is an NBFC. A company may borrow loans from a single FI or a number of FIs or from a
syndication of FIs, all of these are a part of secured FI borrowings.
This data field includes foreign currency rupee loans from financial institutions. Long term foreign currency loans
from financial institutions are captured in the field ‘Long Term Foreign Currency Borrowings’.
ules/notes to accounts section of the annual report. This classification of long term borrowings from financial
institutions is also captured separately.
The Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. The revised schedule VI makes it
mandatory for companies to broadly classify liabilities as ‘Current liabilities’ and ‘Non-current liabilities’.
The current portion of long term borrowings, whether individual classes of borrowings or the total sum of all the
types of borrowings, is also required to be reported separately. Current portion of any long term item refers to that
portion which is expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the date of reporting, i.e. the balance sheet
date. This data field captures the total value of a company’s total long term borrowings from financial institutions,
including the current portion thereof.

1362 S ECURED LONG TERM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONAL BORROWINGS INCLUDING NBFC’ S

Indicator : Secured long term financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s
Field : sec_lt_borr_from_fin_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the outstanding amount of secured long term borrowings of a comapany from financial insti-
tutions. Long term borrowings from financial institutions is the money borrowed from financial institutions for a
period of more than 12 months.
field.
unsecured loan.
Some of the domestic financial institutions(FI) are SIDBI, HUDCO, NABARD, IFCI and SFCs. In the past it
included IDBI, ICICI and IDFC as well. However, IDBI and ICICI have since merged into commercial banks with
similar names and IDFC is an NBFC. A company may borrow money from a single FI or a number of FIs or from
a syndication of FIs, all of these are a part of secured FI borrowings.
This data field includes foreign currency rupee loans from financial institutions. Long term foreign currency loans
from financial institutions are captured in the field ‘Long Term Foreign Currency Borrowings’.
The current portion of conventional long term items, whether individual classes of borrowings or the total sum of
all the types of borrowings, is also required to be reported separately. The current portion of any long term item
refers to that portion which is expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the date of reporting, i.e.
the balance sheet date. This data field captures the total value of a company’s total secured long term borrowings
from financial institutions, including the current portion thereof.

OF WHICH : SECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY RUPEE LOANS 1363

Indicator : Of which: secured long term foreign currency rupee loans
Field : sec_lt_foreign_currency_rupee_loan
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign currency rupee loan represent the money borrowed from financial institutions situated in India in foreign
currency and repayable in the domestic currency.
The interest amount and the repayment installments on foreign currency rupee loans is calculated in foreign cur-
rency but is repaid in equivalent rupee amount. Financial institutions provide foreign currency loans when Indian
companies find it difficult to raise money overseas.
This data field captures the value of secured long term foreign currency rupee loans taken from financial institutions.
The amount captured in this data field is including the current portion (the amount which is expected to be repaid
within a period of 12 months from the date of balance sheet) of the loan. This is an addendum information field
under the head ’long term borrowing from financial institutions’
The revised schedule VI, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements, mandates the disclosure of assets and
liabilities into current and non-current portions.
Current portion refers to that portion of a conventional long term item that is expected to be paid off within a
period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. In the light of the new guidelines of the revised schedule VI,
companies segregate the current portion from conventional long term items in their balance sheet. Accordingly,
some companies report the gross value of their long term items with a separate disclosure of the current portion
thereof, while some others show long term items net of the current portion.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ secured long term foreign currency rupee loans, which have
been reported as a gross figure, with a seperate disclosure of current portion thereof.

1364 U NSECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING NBFC’ S

Indicator : Unsecured long term borrowings from financial institutions including NBFC’s
Field : unsec_lt_borr_from_fin_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount of outstanding unsecured long term borrowings from financial institutions. This
is money borrowed from financial institutions for a period of more than 12 months.
The classification of long term borrowings from financial institutions as secured and unsecured is disclosed sepa-
rately in the schedules/notes to accounts section of the annual report. The unsecured portion of such borrowings is
Unsecured loan means a loan which is not secured. Secured loan means a loan made on the security of asset the
market value of which is not at any time less than the amount of such loan. Hence, the borrower does not has to
pledge any assets with the lender as collateral for the loan.
Some of the domestic financial institutions(FI) are SIDBI, HUDCO, NABARD, IFCI and SFCs. In the past it
included IDBI, ICICI and IDFC as well. However, IDBI and ICICI have since merged into commercial banks with
similar names and IDFC is an NBFC. A company may borrow money from a single FI or a number of FIs or from
a syndication of FIs, all of these are a part of secured FI borrowings.
The current portion of conventional long term items, whether individual classes of borrowings or the total sum
of all the types of borrowings, is also required to be reported separately. The current portion of any long term
borrowing, for instance, refers to that portion which is expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the
date of reporting, i.e. the balance sheet date. This data field captures the total value of a company’s total unsecured
long term borrowings from financial institutions, including the current portion thereof.

C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM BORROWING FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING NBFC’ S 1365

Indicator : Current portion of long term borrowing from financial institutions including
NBFC’s
Field : curr_portion_lt_borr_from_fin_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores that outstanding portion of long term borrowings from financial institutions which is to be
repaid within the period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. This value is called the current portion of long
term borrowings from financial institutions.
A company may borrow from a single financial institution(FI) or a number of FIs or a syndication of FIs. All
of these are included in this data field. Current portion of long term foreign currency borrowings from financial
institutions are captured elsewhere.
The value of this data field may be of secured borrowings or unsecured borrowings or both. This is an addendum
information field. Subsequently, the amount is clubbed under the head "Current maturities of long term debt" as a
current liability.

1366 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT

Indicator : Long term borrowings from central & state govt
Field : lt_borr_central_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total amount of long term borrowings from central and state government, both secured
and unsecured. Money borrowed for a period of more than 12 months is classified as long term borrowings.
Companies, in the notes to accounts/schedules of their annual report, disclose detailed break-up of the borrowings.
The value of this data field is the sum of the following:
• Secured long term borrowings from government of India
• Secured long term borrowings from state governments
• Unsecured long term borrowings from government of India
• Unsecured long term borrowings from state governments
Money borrowed by companies from development boards is captured in this data field. These boards are set
up by an act of parliament and are funded by Central Government. For example, borrowings from Oil Industry
Development Board (OIDB). OIDB was set up in January 1975 under the Oil Industry (Development) Act, 1974 to
provide financial assistance for the development of oil industry. This data field also includes borrowings from state
government.
date. This data field captures the total value of a company’s long term borrowings from central and state government
including the current portion of such borrowings. The value of total long term borrowings from central and state
government excluding current portion is captured separately in the field “Long term borrowings from central &
state govt excl current portion”.

S ECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT 1367

Indicator : Secured long term borrowings from central & state govt
Field : sec_lt_borr_central_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of total secured long term borrowings from central & state government. Money
borrowed for a period of more than 12 months is classified as long term borrowings.
• Secured long term borrowings from government of India
• Secured long term borrowings from state governments
advantage of a secured loan to the borrower is that the rate of interest charged is low as compared to that for an
unsecured loan.
provide financial assistance for the development of oil industry. This data field also includes borrowings from state
government.
The value of this field includes the current portion of secured long term borrowings from central & state govern-
ment.

1368 S ECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

Indicator : Secured long term borrowings from government of india
Field : sec_lt_borr_central_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of total secured long term borrowings from the central government. Money borrowed
for a period of more than 12 months is classified as long term borrowings.
The value of this data field is the amount of borrowings from government of India classified as secured borrowings
as disclosed in the notes to accounts/schedule of borrowings.
unsecured loan.
provide financial assistance for the development of oil industry.
The value of this field also includes the current portion of secured long term borrowings from central government.

S ECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM STATE GOVERNMENTS 1369

Indicator : Secured long term borrowings from state governments
Field : sec_lt_borr_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of total secured long term borrowings from the state government. Money borrowed
for a period of more than 12 months is classified as long term borrowings.
Companies, in the notes to accounts/schedules of their annual report, disclose detailed break-up of the borrow-
ings. The value of this data field is the amount of borrowings from state government as disclosed in the notes to
accounts/schedule of borrowings.
unsecured loan.
An example of such a loan would be the loan taken by Bihar Sponge Iron Ltd. from Government of Jharkhand
under Industries Rehabilitation scheme 2003.
mandatory for companies to broadly classify liabilities as ‘Current liabilities’ and ‘Non-current liabilities’. Com-
panies also have to diclose current maturities of long term borrowings separately in the annual report.
The value of this field includes the current portion of secured long term borrowings from state government.

1370 U NSECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT

Indicator : Unsecured long term borrowings from central & state govt
Field : unsec_lt_borr_central_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of total unsecured long term borrowings from central & state government. Money
• Unsecured long term borrowings from government of India
• Unsecured long term borrowings from state governments
market value of which is not at any time less than the amount of such loan. Hence, the borrower does not have to
The value of this field includes the current portion of unsecured long term borrowings from central & state govern-
ment.

U NSECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 1371

Indicator : Unsecured long term borrowings from government of india
Field : unsec_lt_borr_central_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of total unsecured long term borrowings from the central government. Money
Companies, in the notes to accounts/schedules of their annual report, disclose detailed break-up of the borrow-
ings. The value of this data field is the amount of borrowings from government of India classified as unsecured
borrowings as disclosed in the notes to accounts/schedule of borrowings.
Unsecured borrowings from international agencies through Government of India are also captured in this data
field. Delhi Metro Rail Corpn. Ltd.’s long term borrowings from Government of India against Japan International
Cooperation Agency(JICA) amounting to Rs.154,800 million as on March 2012 is captured under this field.
The value of this field includes the current portion of unsecured long term borrowings from central government.

1372 U NSECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM STATE GOVERNMENTS

Indicator : Unsecured long term borrowings from state governments
Field : unsec_lt_borr_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of total unsecured long term borrowings from the state governments. Money
The value of this data field is the amount of borrowings from state governments classified as unsecured borrowings
as disclosed in the notes to accounts/schedule of borrowings.
Examples of borrowings from state governments for the year ended March 2012 are borrowings of Rs.1,747.10
million by Durgapur Projects Ltd. from Government of West Bengal, borrowings of Rs.1,470 million by Gujarat
Power Corpn. Ltd. from Government of Gujarat, etc.
The value of this field includes the current portion of unsecured long term borrowings from state governments.

C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT 1373

Indicator : Current portion of long term borrowings from central & state govt
Field : curr_portion_lt_borr_central_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the outstanding portion of long term borrowings from central & state government which is to
be repaid within the period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. This value is called the current portion of
long term borrowings from central & state govt.
current liability.

1374 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS

Indicator : Long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
Field : lt_borr_syndicated_banks_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies often approach a number of banks and / or financial institutions for loans. When companies require
huge funds, a single bank or a single financial institution usually cannot meet the entire requirement of the company.
Banks and financial institutions approached by the company often form a consortium and then lend money to the
company. In such an arrangement, each bank or FI has a share in the total borrowings of the company. Banks and
FIs do this to spread the risk of lending to one large borrower. This data field stores the total long term borrowings
from such a consortium.
In such cases, many companies disclose the total secured borrowings and total unsecured borrowings without giving
any bifurcation of the amount of borrowings from banks and that from financial institutions. All such borrowings
syndicated across banks and financial institutions are reported in this data field.
It must be noted that this form of syndication is different from that of only banks and only financial institutions.
The latter two are a part ‘Long term borrowing from Banks’ and ‘Long term borrowing from financial institutions’,
respectively. Where companies just provide a composite disclosure of loans taken from banks and FIs, it does not
necessarily mean that the loan is a syndicated loan. Hence only those loans which are specifically reported by the
company as "syndicated" are reported in this data field.
date. This data field captures the total value of a company’s long term borrowings syndicated across banks &
institutions including the current portion of such borrowings. The value of total long term borrowings syndicated
across banks & institutions excluding current portion is captured separately in the field “Long term borrowings
syndicated across banks & institutions excl current portion”.

S ECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS 1375

Indicator : Secured long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
Field : sec_lt_borr_syndicated_banks_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
FIs do this to spread the risk of lending to one large borrower. This data field stores the total secured long term
borrowings from such a consortium.
In such cases, many companies disclose the total secured borrowings without giving any bifurcation of the amount
of borrowings from banks and that from financial institutions. All such secured borrowings syndicated across banks
and financial institutions are reported in this data field.
unsecured loan.
within a period of 12 months from the date of reporting, i.e balance sheet date. This data field captures the to-
tal value of secured long term borrowings syndicated across banks and institutions, including the current portion
thereof.

1376 U NSECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS

Indicator : Unsecured long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
Field : unsec_lt_borr_syndicated_banks_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
FIs do this to spread the risk of lending to one large borrower. This data field stores the total unsecured long term
borrowings from such a consortium.
In such cases, many companies disclose the total unsecured borrowings without giving any bifurcation of the
amount of borrowings from banks and that from financial institutions. All such unsecured borrowings syndicated
across banks and financial institutions are reported in this data field.
within a period of 12 months from the date of reporting, i.e balance sheet date. This data field captures the to-
tal value of secured long term borrowings syndicated across banks and institutions, including the current portion
thereof.

C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS 1377

Indicator : Current portion of long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
Field : curr_portion_lt_borr_synd_banks_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
FIs do this to spread the risk of lending to one large borrower. This data field stores the outstanding portion of long
term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions which is to be repaid within the period of 12 months from
the balance sheet date. This value is called the current portion of long term borrowings syndicated across banks &
institutions.
current liability.

1378 L ONG TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Long term debentures and bonds
Field : lt_debentures_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company can borrow by issuing securities to potential investors that entitle the investors to the receipt of an
agreed amount at an agreed date. Bonds and debentures are examples of such securities.
Bonds / debentures can be partly, fully or optionally convertible into equity shares or they may be non-convertible
in nature. They may be secured or unsecured. In case of secured debentures or bonds, the holders have a lien over
the company’s specific assets. Debentures and bonds can be unsecured also. Usually, privately placed debentures
are unsecured.
Prowess captures secured and unsecured debentures & bonds separately. This data field is the sum of these two
issued for a period of more than 12 months.
The current portion of long term borrowings, whether individual classes of borrowings or the total sum of all the
types of borrowings, is also required to be reported separately. Current portion of any long term item refers to that
portion which is expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the date of reporting, i.e. the balance
sheet date. This data field captures the total value of a company’s total long term borrowings by issuing debentures
and bonds, including their current portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1379

Indicator : Secured long term debentures and bonds
Field : sec_lt_debentures_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Bonds / debentures can be partly, fully or optionally convertible into equity shares or they may be non-convertible
are unsecured.
The classification of long term debentures and bonds as secured and unsecured is disclosed separately in the sched-
ules/notes to accounts section of the annual report. This data field stores the total secured debentures and bonds
refers to that portion which is expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the date of reporting, i.e.
the balance sheet date. This data field captures the total value of a company’s total secured long term debentures
and bonds, including the current portion thereof.

1380 S ECURED LONG TERM NON - CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Secured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds
Field : sec_lt_non_convert_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
field. This data field stores the total secured non-convertible debentures and bonds issued for a period of more than
12 months.
According to Issuance of Non-Convertible Debentures (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2010, ‘Non-Convertible Deben-
ture (NCD) means a debt instrument issued by a corporate (including NBFCs) with original or initial maturity up
to one year and issued by way of private placement’. The directions also state that the non-convertible debentures
should not be issued for maturities of less than 90 days from the date of issue. NCDs may be issued to and held
by individuals, banks, Primary Dealers (PDs), other corporate bodies including insurance companies and mutual
funds registered or incorporated in India and unincorporated bodies, Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Foreign
Institutional Investors (FIIs).
Unlike convertible debentures, non-convertible debentures are those debentures which are not convertible to equity
shares on maturity. Till maturity, these debentures earn regular income in the form of interest and upon maturity the
issuing company redeems the debentures. As compared to convertible debentures, NCDs generally attract higher
interest rates.
refers to that portion which is expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the date of reporting, i.e. the
balance sheet date. This data field captures the total value of a company’s total secured long term non-convertible
debentures and bonds, including the current portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM ZERO INTEREST BONDS 1381

Indicator : Secured long term zero interest bonds
Field : sec_lt_zero_interest_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Zero interest bonds are debt instruments that do not carry any interest payment until maturity. However, these
bonds are issued at a discount to the face value and redeemed for its full face value at maturity.
Zero coupon bonds are also termed as discount bonds or deep discount bonds because they are issued at a discount
to the face value.
The value of secured long term zero interest bonds issued by a company is captured in this data field. These bonds
are classified under ‘secured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds’ in Prowess.
thereof, while some others show long term items net of the current portion. This data field captures the value
of those companies’ secured long term zero interest bonds, which have been reported as a gross figure, without
excluding the current portion thereof.

1382 S ECURED LONG TERM CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Secured long term convertible debentures and bonds
Field : sec_lt_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debentures or bonds that can be converted, fully or partly, into ordinary shares of the issuing company or some
other company at the option of the holder and / or the issuer at a specified date in the future and a specified price
are called convertible debentures and bonds.
The outstanding value of convertible debentures and bonds is captured in this data field.
thereof, while some others show long term items net of the current portion. This data field captures the value of
those companies’ secured long term convertible debentures and bonds, which have been reported as a gross figure,
without excluding the current portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM FULLY CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1383

Indicator : Secured long term fully convertible debentures and bonds
Field : sec_lt_fully_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding amount of such fully convertible debentures issued by a company and not
yet converted into equity shares as on the date of the balance sheet.
those companies’ secured long term fully convertible debentures and bonds, which have been reported as a gross
figure, without excluding the current portion thereof.

1384 S ECURED LONG TERM PARTLY CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Secured long term partly convertible debentures and bonds
Field : sec_lt_partly_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Partly convertible debentures/bonds are those where a part of the amount paid for the debentures/ bonds is con-
verted into equity shares of the issuing company after a specified period of time. The remaining portion of deben-
tures/bonds are redeemed on a pre-determined basis.
This data field captures the outstanding amount of such partly convertible debentures issued by a company but not
yet converted into equity shares as on the date of the balance sheet.
those companies’ secured long term partly convertible debentures and bonds, which have been reported as a gross

S ECURED LONG TERM OPTIONALLY CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1385

Indicator : Secured long term optionally convertible debentures and bonds
Field : sec_lt_optionally_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debentures or bonds that are convertible into shares of the issuing company at the option of the holder of the
instrument, are called optionally convertible debentures or bonds. The conversion is as per the terms of issue. Such
instruments may be partly or fully convertible into shares of the company.
This data field captures the outstanding amount of such optionally convertible debentures issued by the company
but not yet converted into shares as on the date of the balance sheet.
those companies’ secured long term optionally convertible debentures and bonds, which have been reported as a
gross figure, without excluding the current portion thereof.

1386 C URRENT PORTION OF SECURED DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Current portion of secured debentures and bonds
Field : sec_lt_deb_bonds_curr_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debentures and bonds are debt instruments issued by the company to raise resources from potential investors. These
are long term debt instruments which entitle the holders the receipt of an agreed amount on the date of redemption
of the securities.
The current portion of secured debentures and bonds captures the value of debentures / bonds that is due for
redemption within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
The revised schedule VI requires companies to segregate assets and liabilities into their current and non-current
portions. Thus, companies are required to classify the amount of long term borrowings that are due for payment
in the next one year as ‘current maturities of long term borrowings’ report it under other current liabilities in the
balance sheet.
Companies have been presenting their financial statements as per the new schedule VI only since April 2012.
Hence, this data is available only from March 2011 onwards.
This data field is only an addendum information under non-current liabilities. Current portion of any long term
borrowings ideally forms a part of current liabilities. Hence, current maturities of all long term borrowings is
included in current liabilities.

U NSECURED LONG TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1387

Indicator : Unsecured long term debentures and bonds
Field : unsec_lt_debentures_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debentures and bonds are fixed income debt instruments, issued by companies in order to raise funds. Long term
debentures and bonds are instruments with a maturity period of over 12 months. This data field captures the sum
total of all outstanding unsecured long term debentures and bonds issued by the company. Secured long term bonds
and debentures are captured separately.
Bonds/debentures can be partly, fully or optionally convertible into equity shares or they may be non-convertible
are unsecured.
Secured borrowings are those which are backed by a lien on the borrower’s assets. It gives the lender the right to
liquidate the said assets in order to recover dues in the event of a default in repayment on the part of the borrower.
On the other hand, unsecured borrowings are not backed by any asset. Hence, they are high risk and command
a high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures the value of a company’s
unsecured long term debentures & bonds.
Current portion refers to that portion of a conventional long term item that is expected to be paid off within a period
of 12 months from the balance sheet date. In the light of the new guidelines of the revised schedule VI, companies
are expected to segregate the current portion from conventional long term items.
Accordingly, some companies report the gross value of their long term items with a separate disclosure of the
current portion thereof, while some others show long term items net of the current portion. This data field captures
the value of those companies’ unsecured long term debentures & bonds which have been reported as a gross figure,

1388 U NSECURED LONG TERM CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Unsecured long term convertible debentures and bonds
Field : unsec_lt_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
agreed amount at an agreed date. Debentures and bonds are fixed income debt instruments, issued by companies
in order to raise funds. Long term debentures and bonds are instruments with a maturity period of over 12 months.
This data field captures the sum total of all outstanding unsecured long term convertible debentures and bonds
issued by the company.
Bonds/debentures can be partly, fully or optionally convertible into equity shares or they may be non-convertible in
nature. They may be secured or unsecured. In case of secured debentures or bonds, the holders have a lien over the
company’s specific assets. This data field captures long term debentures and bonds which at some predetermined
time, get converted, either fully or partially, into ordinary shares of a company. Debentures or bonds that can be
converted, fully or partially, into ordinary shares of the issuing company or some other company at the option of
the holder and/or the issuer at a specified date in the future and a specified price are called convertible debentures.
The outstanding value of such convertible debentures which do not have any lien over the company’s assets, but
with a maturity period of over 12 months are captured under this field.
On the other hand, unsecured borrowings are not backed by any asset. Hence, they are high risk and command a
high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached.
the value of those companies’ unsecured long term convertible debentures & bonds, which have been reported as a
gross figure, without excluding the current portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM NON - CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1389

Indicator : Unsecured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds
Field : unsec_lt_non_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
in order to raise funds. They are either issued at a discount to their face value or are redeemed at a premium. They
can carry a fixed or variable interest rates or coupons.
There are infinite varieties of debentures and bonds. One variant is a convertible debenture. These, at some
predetermined time, get converted, either fully or partly, into ordinary shares of the company. Debentures that
are not convertible into ordinary shares of the company are termed as non-convertible debentures. This data field
captures the outstanding value of such non convertible debentures and bonds which are unsecured in nature and
have a maturity period exceeding 12 months.
high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures the value of unsecured long term
non-convertible debentures and bonds.
the value of those companies’ unsecured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds, which have been reported
as a gross figure, without excluding the current portion thereof.

1390 C URRENT PORTION OF UNSECURED DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Current portion of unsecured debentures and bonds
Field : unsec_lt_deb_bonds_curr_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debentures are debt instruments issued by the company to raise resources from potential investors. They are either
issued at a discount to their face value or are redeemed at a premium. They can carry a fixed or variable interest
rates or coupons. Debentures and bonds can be either secured or unsecured in nature.
Current portion of debentures and bonds includes that portion which is expected to be pe paid off in the next
12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field captures the value of such current portion of long term
unsecured debentures and bonds.
This data field is merely an additional information field, which does not have an impact on the company’s financials.

C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1391

Indicator : Current portion of long term debentures and bonds
Field : curr_portion_lt_debentures_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debentures are debt instruments issued by the company to raise resources from potential investors. They are either
issued at a discount to their face value or are redeemed at a premium. They can carry a fixed or variable interest
rates or coupons. Debentures and bonds can be either secured or unsecured in nature.
Current portion of debentures and bonds includes that portion which is expected to be pe paid off within 12 months
from the balance sheet date. This data field captures the value of the current portion of long term debentures and
bonds.
This data field is merely an additional information field under non-current liabilities. The current portion of any long
term borrowings ideally forms a part of current liabilities. Hence, current maturities of all long term borrowings is
included in current liabilities.

1392 L ONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS

Indicator : Long term foreign currency borrowings
Field : lt_foreign_currency_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any loan taken by the company in a currency other than in Indian rupees is a foreign currency loan. Examples
of such loans are loans taken from foreign banks, foreign currency loans taken from foreign branches of Indian
banks, foreign currency loans taken from Indian banks, loans taken from EXIM banks, loans taken from multina-
tional lending institutions such as the World Bank, IBRD, and the Asian Development Bank, external commercial
borrowings, global depository receipts and American depository receipts.
This data field captures the total foreign currency borrowings of a company, irrespective of whether it is secured or
unsecured, which is long term in nature. A long term borrowing is one which has been taken for a period exceeding
12 months.
This data field is relevant only for non-banking companies, since banks are not required to adhere to the revised
schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956. The revised schedule VI, which is in accordance with the IFRS require-
ments, mandates the disclosure of assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions. It therefore requires
the separate disclosure of long term and short term borrowings.
This field has been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by companies in accordance with the
revised Schedule VI format. Such data is usually available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards.
are expected to segregate the current portion from conventional long term items. Accordingly, some companies
report the gross value of their long term items with a separate disclosure of the current portion thereof, while some
others show long term items net of the current portion. This data field captures the value of those companies’ long
term foreign currency borrowings which have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current portion
thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS 1393

Indicator : Secured long term foreign currency borrowings
Field : sec_lt_foreign_currency_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any loan taken by the company in a currency other than in Indian rupees is a foreign currency borrowing. Exam-
ples of such loans are loans taken from foreign banks, foreign currency loans taken from foreign branches of Indian
This data field captures the secured long term foreign currency borrowings of a company. A long term borrowing
is one which has been taken for a period exceeding 12 months. Secured loans are those which have a lien over
specific assets of the borrowing company. They give the lender the right to liquidate the said assets in order to
recover dues in the event of a default in repayment.
others show long term items net of the current portion. This data field captures the value of those companies’
secured long term foreign currency borrowings which have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the
current portion thereof.

1394 S ECURED LONG TERM EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS ( INCLUDING EURO BONDS )

Indicator : Secured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds)
Field : sec_lt_borr_through_ecb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) are a route that facilitate corporates’ access to foreign loans. ECBs could
be in the form of commercial bank loans, suppliers’ credit, securitised instruments such as Floating Rate Notes and
fixed rate bonds such as euro bonds or FCCBs or FCEBs etc. It also includes credit from official export credit
agencies and commercial borrowings from the private sector window of multilateral Financial Institutions such as
International Finance Corporation (Washington), ADB, AFIC, CDC, etc.
The Finance Ministry has set an annual cap on the total ECBs that Indian corporates can access in a year. The
government has also put restrictions on the maturity profile of the borrowings. ECBs cannot be used for investment
in stock market or speculation in real estate.
This data field captures secured long term funds raised through all the aforementioned sources except through
foreign supplier’s credit are reported here. Foreign supplier’s credit is reported separately.
ments, mandates the disclosure of assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions. In other words, it
requires the separate disclosure of long term and short term borrowings.
This field is one among the many introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by companies in accordance
with the revised Schedule VI format. Such data is usually available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards.
companies are expected to segregate the current portion from conventional long term items. Accordingly, some
companies report the gross value of their long term items with a separate disclosure of the current portion thereof,
while some others show long term items net of the current portion. This data field captures the value of those
companies’ secured long term borrowings through the ECB route, which have been reported as a gross figure,

OF WHICH : SECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY CONVERTIBLE BONDS 1395

Indicator : Of which : secured long term foreign currency convertible bonds
Field : sec_lt_euro_convert_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) are debt instruments/bonds issued by an Indian company in a foreign
currency, offering the investor an option to convert them into ordinary shares of the issuer company. They are
to be issued in accordance with the Issue of Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds and Ordinary Shares (through
depository receipt mechanism) Scheme, 1993, and are to be subscribed to only by non-residents. Both, the principal
and interest components of such instruments are payable in foreign currency. Since debt is usually available at
cheaper rates in many countries outside India, FCCBs play the role of a quasi-debt instrument which facilitate
raising funds at attractive rates.
This data field captures the outstanding value of secured FCCBs with a maturity period exceeding 12 months. It is
merely an additional information field.

1396 OF WHICH : SECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY NON - CONVERTIBLE BONDS

Indicator : Of which : secured long term foreign currency non-convertible bonds
Field : sec_lt_frgn_curr_non_conv_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign currency non-convertible bonds are debt instruments/bonds which are issued by Indian companies in for-
eign currency. Unlike foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs), the holder of these bonds do not have an
option to convert them into ordinary shares of the issuer company.
This data field captures the value of secured foreign currency non-convertible bonds having maturity period ex-
ceeding 12 months. This is an addendum information item.

S ECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN SUPPLIERS ’ CREDIT 1397

Indicator : Secured long term foreign suppliers’ credit
Field : sec_lt_foreign_suppl_crd
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign suppliers’ credit can be defined as credit for imports into India extended to a buyer by overseas suppliers,
against a guarantee. Secured credit granted by foreign suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods is
Suppliers’ credit is different from sundry creditors. Sundry creditors include liabilities to regular suppliers from
whom the company has bought goods on credit and to whom payments are due in the course of routine trading and
operating activities such as purchase of goods, materials and services. Suppliers’ credit is generally obtained for
capital goods.
In many cases, this line of supplier credit may be structured in a manner that calls for the importer to pay a
percentage of the total contract price up front, and issue some type of promissory note to the supplier for the
remainder of the outstanding balance. The importer may also arrange a delayed draft to settle the difference, with
the draft set to clear the importer’s bank account at a specified future date.
Usually suppliers’ credit is payable within a year. However, when the quantum of capital goods is high and the
amount is huge, the credit period may extend to beyond a year. This is particularly in the case of sectors like power
and telecommunication where large and costly machinery is bought and where installation of such machinery takes
a long time.
When such foreign suppliers’ credit is reported as secured and for a period of more than 12 months, CMIE reports
it in this data field. On the other hand, in case the company has not classified foreign suppliers’ credit as secured or
unsecured then the same is reported as "foreign suppliers’ credit" under unsecured borrowings and not as secured.
Domestic suppliers’ credit is not a part of this data field but is reported separately.
secured long term foreign suppliers’ credit, which have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the

1398 U NSECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS

Indicator : Unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings
Field : unsec_lt_foreign_currency_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any loan taken in a currency other than in Indian rupees is a foreign currency loan. Borrowings can be either
secured or unsecured in nature. Secured borrowings are those which are backed by the lien of borrower-owned
assets. This gives the lender the right to liquidate the said assets in order to recover dues in the event of a default
in repayment. On the other hand, unsecured loans are not backed by any assets. Hence, they are high risk and
command a higher rate of interest in order to compensate the lender for the risk attached. This data field captures
the sum of a company’s unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings. Example of such borrowings are listed
below:-
1. Unsecured loans taken from foreign banks
2. Unsecured foreign currency loans taken from foreign branches of Indian banks
3. Unsecured foreign currency loans taken from Indian banks
4. Unsecured foreign currency loans taken from Indian branches of foreign banks
5. Unsecured loans taken from foreign financial institutions (including foreign EXIM banks)
6. Unsecured loans taken from international development institutions like World Bank, Asian Development
Bank, etc.
7. Outstanding external commercial borrowings including Euro bonds
8. Outstanding Global Depository Receipts or American Depository Receipts issued.
In other words, any unsecured loan taken in a foreign currency, whether it is taken from India or from abroad and
from any source, for a period of over one year, is reported in this data field.
unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings which have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding
the current portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS ( INCLUDING EURO BONDS ) 1399

Indicator : Unsecured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds)
Field : unsec_lt_borr_through_ecb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) facilitate corporates’ access to foreign loans. They could be in the
form of commercial bank loans, suppliers’ credit, securitised instruments such as Floating Rate Notes and fixed
rate bonds such as euro bonds or FCCBs or FCEBs etc. They also includes credit from official export credit
On the other hand, unsecured borrowings are not backed by any security. Hence they are high risk, and command
a higher rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures the value of a company’s
unsecured long term funds raised through external commercial borrowings except through foreign supplier’s credit.
Foreign supplier’s credit is reported separately.
unsecured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) which have been reported as a gross

1400 OF WHICH : UNSECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY CONVERTIBLE BONDS

Indicator : Of which : unsecured long term foreign currency convertible bonds
Field : unsec_lt_euro_convert_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of unsecured FCCBs with a maturity period exceeding 12 months. It
is merely an additional information field.

OF WHICH : UNSECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY NON - CONVERTIBLE BONDS 1401

Indicator : Of which : unsecured long term foreign currency non-convertible bonds
Field : unsec_lt_frgn_curr_non_conv_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of unsecured foreign currency non-convertible bonds having maturity period
exceeding 12 months. This is an addendum information item.

1402 O F WHICH : UNSECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY SUB - ORDINATED DEBT

Indicator : Of which : unsecured long term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt
Field : unsec_lt_frgn_curr_subord_debt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debt financing by corporates includes senior debt (from commercial banks) and sub-ordinated debt. A sub-
ordinated debt is a loan (through the issue of bonds / debentures) that ranks below other loans with regards to
claims on assets or earnings of the issuer for the payment of interest and principal. In the case of default, lenders
wouldn’t get paid out until after the senior debtholders were paid in full. Therefore, the lender’s risk in subordinate
financing is higher than that of senior debt lenders because the claim on assets is lower.
Since sub-ordinated debt lenders assume higher risk, they charge higher interest than senior debt lenders. Many
times sub-ordinated debt includes equity features, where the lender also receives some rights to acquire equity, to
further compensate the lenders for the additional risk and lack of asset security.
This data field captures the value of long term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt raised by a company.
companies’ unsecured long term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt, which have been reported as a gross figure,

U NSECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN SUPPLIERS ’ CREDIT 1403

Indicator : Unsecured long term foreign suppliers’ credit
Field : unsec_lt_foreign_suppl_crd
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of credit granted by foreign suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital
goods to a company, which is long term and unsecured in nature. Suppliers’ credit is distinct from sundry creditors,
the difference being the nature of goods that have been supplied.
Usually suppliers’ credit is payable within an year, however, when the quantum of capital goods supplied and the
amount involved is large, the credit period may extend beyond one year. This is particularly so in the case of
sectors like power and telecommunication where large and costly machinery is bought and where installation of
such machinery takes a long time.
Unsecured foreign suppliers’ credit would mean credit which is not backed by a lien on the assets of the beneficiary
of the credit (the company). The absence of any security means that such a credit is high risk. In case the company
has not classified foreign suppliers’ credit as secured or unsecured then the same is reported in this data field,
provided it is not payable within a period of one year from the balance sheet date.
liabilities into current and non-current portions. In other words, it requires the separate disclosure of long term and
short term borrowings. This field is one among the many introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by
companies in accordance with the revised Schedule VI format. Such data is usually available from the financial
year 2011-12 onwards.
unsecured long term foreign suppliers credit which has been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the

1404 C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS

Indicator : Current portion of long term foreign currency borrowings
Field : curr_portion_lt_foreign_currency_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any loan taken by the company in a currency other than in Indian rupees is a foreign currency loan. Examples
of such loans are loans taken from foreign banks, foreign currency loans taken from foreign branches of Indian
others show long term items net of the current portion.
This data field captures the current portion of long term foreign currency borrowings of companies.
This data field is merely an additional information field under non-current liabilities. Current portion of any long
term borrowings ideally forms a part of current liabilities. Hence, current maturities of all long term borrowings is
captured separately under current liabilities.

L ONG TERM LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS ( INDIVIDUALS ) 1405

Indicator : Long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals)
Field : lt_loans_from_promoters
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sometimes, promoters, directors and shareholders of companies provide loans to the company. Such loans are
usually unsecured in nature. This data field captures both secured and unsecured long term loans provided by
promoters, directors and shareholders of a company. It therefore represents the total outstanding value of long term
loans sourced from promoters, directors and shareholders in their individual capacities.
If the promoter of a company is a business entity and not an individual, then the loans provided by such an entity are
captured elsewhere. In this data field, only loans provided by promoters, directors and shareholders as individuals
is captured.
This data field is relevant only for companies other than banks, since banks are not required to adhere to the
revised schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956. The revised schedule VI, which is in accordance with the IFRS
requirements, mandates the disclosure of assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions. It therefore
This field is one among the many that have been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by companies
in accordance with the revised Schedule VI format. Such data is usually available from the financial year 2011-12
onwards.
Current portion refers to that portion of a conventional long term item that is expected to be paid off/written off
within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. In the light of the new guidelines of the revised schedule
VI, companies need to segregate the current portion from conventional long term items.
Some companies report the gross value of their long term items with a separate disclosure of the current portion
those companies’ long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders which have been reported as a gross

1406 S ECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS ( INDIVIDUALS )

Indicator : Secured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals)
Field : sec_lt_loans_from_promoters
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The outstanding value of secured long term loans taken by the company from its promoters, directors and share-
holders is reported in this data field. By default, such loans are unsecured in nature. Therefore, only if a company
explicitly specifies that these loans are secured, then they are captured in this data field.
The amount captured in this data field is restricted to such loans taken from promoters, directors or shareholders in
their capacities as individuals, and not from business entities. If the promoter or shareholder is a company then it
is reported under loan from group and associate companies and not under this field.
This data field is relevant for all companies other than banks, since banks are not required to adhere to the revised
onwards.
need to segregate the current portion from conventional long term items.
those companies’ secured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders, which have been reported

U NSECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS 1407

Indicator : Unsecured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders
Field : unsec_lt_loans_from_promoters
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any unsecured long term loan taken by a company from its promoters/directors/shareholders, where such pro-
moters, directors and shareholders are individuals, is captured in this data field. If the promoter or shareholder is
another business entity, then the loan is classified as a loan from group and associate companies and not as loan
from promoters/directors/shareholders.
Generally, such loans are unsecured and are reported in this data field by default. However, if a company specifies
that these loans are secured then they are reported in a similar data field under secured borrowings.
On the other hand, unsecured loans are not backed by any security. Hence, they are high risk and command a
higher rate of interest in order to compensate for the risk attached.
the separate disclosure of long term and short term borrowings. This field is one among the many that have been
introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by companies in accordance with the revised Schedule VI
format. Such data is usually available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards.
are required to segregate the current portion from conventional long term items.
those companies’ unsecured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders, which have been reported

C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS
1408 ( INDIVIDUALS )

Indicator : Current portion of long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders
(individuals)
Field : curr_portion_lt_loans_from_promoters
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the current portion of the total outstanding value of long term loans sourced from promoters,
directors and shareholders in their individual capacities. In other words, only that portion of long term loans from
promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals) which is expected to be repaid within 12 months from the
balance sheet date are captured in this field.
This data field captures the current portion of long term loans taken by companies from their promoters, directors
and shareholders, which have been reported as gross values, without excluding the current portion.
This data field is merely an additional information field.

L ONG TERM INTER - CORPORATE LOANS 1409

Indicator : Long term inter-corporate loans
Field : lt_corporate_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are loans provided by one company to another. Such companies need not be sister concerns.
This data field captures inter-corporate loans that have been taken on a long term basis.
The Prowess database captures secured and unsecured long term inter-corporate borrowings separately. This data
field is the sum of these two and it therefore represents the total outstanding long term inter-corporate loans of the
company.
A company that lends an inter-corporate loan is required to adhere to the stipulations contained in Section 372A of
the Companies Act, 1956. The lending company can lend to the extent of 60% of its paid-up share capital and free
reserves, or 100% of its free reserves, whichever is higher. If it seeks to lend an amount above the aforementioned
limit, it is required to seek approval by way of a special resolution. The loan can not be lent at rates lower than the
prevailing bank rate. Also, if the lending company is in default under section 58A of the Companies Act, 1956, then
it is not allowed to lend to other corporates. Additionally, the lending company is required to maintain a register of
loans with prescribed details.
onwards.
are required to segregate the current portion from conventional long term items.
those companies’ long term inter-corporate loans which have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the

1410 S ECURED LONG TERM INTER - CORPORATE LOANS

Indicator : Secured long term inter-corporate loans
Field : sec_lt_corporate_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures inter-corporate loans that have been taken on a long term basis. The Prowess database
captures secured and unsecured long term inter-corporate borrowings separately. This data field pertains to the
total outstanding value of secured long term inter-corporate loans.
Secured long term borrowings by the company from business enterprises, excluding banks and financial institutions,
are captured in this data field. These inter-corporate loans exclude loans taken from individuals and from banks
and financial institutions. They include only those secured borrowings that are sourced from business enterprises
for a period of more than 12 months. These could include loans from subsidiaries, group or associate companies
as well.
onwards.
of those companies’ secured long term inter-corporate loans which have been reported as a gross figure, without
Secured long term inter-corporate loans can be sub-classified into loans taken from subsidiary companies, from
group and associate business enterprises, and from other business enterprises. Accordingly, this data field has three
sub-categories.

S ECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES 1411

Indicator : Secured long term loans from subsidiary companies
Field : sec_lt_loans_from_subs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are loans provided by one company to another. They can be sourced from either subsidiary
companies, from group companies & associated business enterprises, or from any other company.
This data field captures secured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company on a long term basis, from
its subsidiary companies.
onwards.
those companies’ secured long term loans from subsidiary companies which have been reported as a gross figure,

1412 S ECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM GROUP AND ASSOC . BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Secured long term loans from group and assoc. business enterprises
Field : sec_lt_loans_from_assoc_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are loans provided by one company to another. They can be sourced either from subsidiary
companies, or from group companies & associated business enterprises, or from any other company. This data
field captures secured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company on a long term basis, from other
companies belonging to the same business group/other associate business enterprises.
onwards.
the value of those companies’ secured long term loans from group and associate business enterprises, which have
been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 1413

Indicator : Secured long term loans from other business enterprises
Field : sec_lt_loans_from_oth_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
companies, or from group companies & associated business enterprises, or from any other company.
companies that are neither subsidiaries nor group companies & associated business enterprises.
This data field captures the secured portion of long term loans from other business enterprises.
onwards.
the value of those companies’ secured long term inter-corporate loans from sources other than subsidiary companies
and group/associated business enterprises, which have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current
portion thereof.

1414 U NSECURED LONG TERM INTER - CORPORATE LOANS

Indicator : Unsecured long term inter-corporate loans
Field : unsec_lt_corporate_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are loans provided by one company to another. This data field captures inter-corporate loans
that have been taken on a long term basis, i.e. for a period exceeding 12 months. The Prowess database cap-
tures secured and unsecured long term inter-corporate borrowings separately. This data field pertains to the total
outstanding value of unsecured long term inter-corporate loans.
On the other hand, unsecured borrowings are not backed by any security. Hence, they are high risk and command
a high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached.
This data field stores the outstanding value of unsecured long term borrowings by the company from business
enterprises, excluding banks and financial institutions. These include loans from subsidiaries, group or associate
companies. However, loans taken from banks and financial institutions are not included here, since they are cap-
tured separately.
onwards.
are expected to segregate the current portion from conventional long term items. Some companies report the gross
value of their long term items with a separate disclosure of the current portion thereof, while some others show long
term items net of the current portion. This data field captures the value of those companies’ unsecured long term
inter-corporate loans which have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current portion thereof.
Inter-corporate loans can be sub-classified into loans taken from subsidiary companies, from group and associate
business enterprises, and from other business enterprises. Accordingly, unsecured long term inter-corporate loans
have three sub-categories.

U NSECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES 1415

Indicator : Unsecured long term loans from subsidiary companies
Field : unsec_lt_loans_from_subs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are loans provided by one company to another. They include loans sourced from subsidiary
companies and from group companies & associated business enterprises.
This data field captures unsecured loans that have been taken by a company from its subsidiaries on a long term
basis, i.e. for a period exceeding 12 months.
high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures a company’s unsecured long
term loans from its subsidiaries.
onwards.
companies’ unsecured long term loans from subsidiary companies, which have been reported as a gross figure,

1416 U NSECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM GROUP & ASSOCIATE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Unsecured long term loans from group & associate business enterprises
Field : unsec_lt_loans_from_assoc_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are, simply put, loans provided by one company to another. They can be sourced from any
company, including subsidiary companies, or group companies & associated business enterprises. This data field
captures unsecured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company on a long term basis, from other
companies belonging to the same business group/other associate business enterprises. Loans taken from banks and
financial institutions are not included here, since they are captured separately.
On the other hand, unsecured borrowings are not backed by any asset. Hence, they command a high rate of interest
as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures a company’s unsecured long term loans from its
group and associate business enterprises.
onwards.
the value of those companies’ unsecured long term loans from group and associated business enterprises, which
have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 1417

Indicator : Unsecured long term loans from other business enterprises
Field : unsec_lt_loans_from_oth_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are simply defined as loans taken by a company from another. They can be sourced from any
company, including subsidiary companies, or from group companies & associated business enterprises.
This data field captures unsecured loans that have been taken by a company on a long term basis, i.e. for a period
exceeding 12 months, from companies that are neither subsidiaries nor group companies & associated business
enterprises. Loans taken from banks and financial institutions are also not included here, since they are captured
separately.
as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures the value of a company’s unsecured long term
inter-corporate loans from sources other than subsidiaries and group/associated business enterprises.
onwards.
the value of those companies’ unsecured long term loans from business enterprises other than subsidiaries and
group/associated enterprises, which have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current portion
thereof.

1418 C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM INTER - CORPORATE LOANS

Indicator : Current portion of long term inter-corporate loans
Field : curr_portion_lt_corporate_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are those taken by a company from another. They can be sourced from any company, including
subsidiaries and group companies/associated business enterprises. Prowess does not include loans taken from banks
and other financial institutions under inter-corporate loans, since they are captured separately.
This data field captures the current portion of long term inter-corporate loans as recorded by companies which
report the gross value thereof. It is an additional information field.

C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM LOANS FROM SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES 1419

Indicator : Current portion of long term loans from subsidiary companies
Field : curr_portion_lt_loans_from_subs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
companies, or from group companies & associated business enterprises, or from any other company. Loans taken
from banks and financial institutions are not included here, since they are captured separately.
as compensation for the risk attached.
This data field captures the current portion of the companies’ secured and unsecured long term loans from subsidary
companies.

1420 C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM LOANS FROM GROUP & ASSOCIATE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Current portion of long term loans from group & associate business enterprises
Field : curr_portion_lt_loans_from_assoc_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
from banks & financial institutions are not included here, since they are captured separately.
are expected to segregate the current portion from conventional long term items.This data field captures the current
portion of the company’s secured and unsecured long term loans from group & associated business enterprises.

C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM LOANS FROM OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 1421

Indicator : Current portion of long term loans from other business enterprises
Field : curr_portion_lt_loans_from_oth_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
from banks and financial institutions are not included here, since they are captured separately.
are expected to segregate the current portion from conventional long term items.This data field captures the current
portion of the companies’ secured and unsecured long term loans from other business enterprises.

1422 L ONG TERM DEFERRED CREDIT

Indicator : Long term deferred credit
Field : lt_deferred_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Deferred credit is an arrangement wherein an enterprise is allowed to defer its liabilities, usually pertaining to cap-
ital expenditures and payments due to the government. Such credits are usually granted by government authorities
for industrial promotion or backward area development or by suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital
goods. Long term deferred credit is usually repayable over a period exceeding one year.
Deferred credit pertaining to sales tax liabilities, more commonly referred to as sales tax deferral, is the most com-
mon form of deferred credit. It involves the government permitting a company to postpone its sales tax payments
for a block of years. The sales tax liability for the said years is accumulated and shown as Sales Tax Deferred in
the company’s balance sheet. The payment of this liability commences after an agreed moratorium period lapses.
Suppliers’ credit is another form of deferred credit. The suppliers of capital goods, more particularly of plant and
machinery, give the company a longer time to repay the liability if the amount involved is large. Prowess already
captures foreign suppliers’ credit separately, and hence it does not fall within our purview of ’deferred credit’.
Instead, it falls under ’foreign currency borrowings’.
Deferred credit is usually unsecured in nature. Hence, unless a company specifically states that a particular deferred
credit is secured, Prowess captures it as unsecured debt.
This data field represents the sum of secured and unsecured long term deferred credit. It is relevant for all companies
other than banks, since banks are not required to adhere to the revised schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956.
The revised schedule VI, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements, mandates the segregation of assets
and liabilities into current and non-current portions
onwards.
Current portion refers to that portion of a conventional long term item that is expected to be written off within a
companies are expected to segregate the current portion from conventional long term items.
those companies’ long term deferred credit which has been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current
portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM DEFERRED CREDIT 1423

Indicator : Secured long term deferred credit
Field : sec_lt_deferred_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Deferred credit is an arrangement wherein an enterprise is allowed to defer its liabilities towards certain payments
for a block of years. Such liabilities are usually pertaining to capital expenditures and dues to the government. Such
credits are usually granted by the government authorities for industry promotion or backward area development or
by suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods. Long term deferred credit would essentially mean
liabilities which are allowed a deferment of a period exceeding one year.
Deferred credit is usually unsecured in nature. However, if a company specifies that a particular deferred credit is
secured, then the same is reported in this data field accordingly. This data field is used to capture the value of long
term deferred credit which has been expressly classified by a company to be secured in nature.
Deferred credit for sales tax, more commonly referred to as sales tax deferral, is the most common form of deferred
credit. Here, the government permits a company to postpone its sales tax payments for a block of years. The sales
tax liability for the said years is accumulated and shown as Sales Tax Deferred in the company’s balance sheet. The
payment of this liability commences after the moratorium period gets over.
Suppliers’ credit is another form of deferred credit. The suppliers of capital goods, more particularly plant and
machinery, give the company a longer time to repay the liability if the amount involved is large. However, it should
be noted that foreign suppliers’ credit is excluded from the purview of this data field, since it is captured separately,
under the group ’foreign currency borrowings’. Hence, this field only includes domestic suppliers’ credit.
ments, mandates the segregation of assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions. This field is one
among the many that have been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by companies in accordance
the value of those companies’ secured long term deferred credit which has been reported as a gross figure, without

1424 S ECURED LONG TERM DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS / BUYER CREDIT

Indicator : Secured long term domestic suppliers / buyer credit
Field : sec_lt_domestic_suppliers_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Suppliers’ credit generally relates to credit for imports into India extended by overseas suppliers or financial in-
stitutions outside India. However, there are cases of credit extended by domestic suppliers as well. Where "seed
money" to launch the business is needed to cover costs related to equipment, fixtures, supplies, among others, buy-
ers might seek to finance their start-ups with the help of suppliers’ credit. Many suppliers have developed credit
programs whereby they provide goods on credit, to be re-paid with interest, over a specified period. This reduces
an enterprise’s need for short-term loans from banks.
Long term domestic suppliers’ credit falls under the head ’long term deferred credit’. ’Foreign suppliers’ credit’ is
recorded separately, under ’Foreign currency borrowings’.
Suppliers’ credit is distinct from sundry creditors. Sundry creditors include liabilities to regular suppliers from
operating activities such as purchase of goods, materials and services. The facility to make payment at a deferred
date is availed in the normal course of business with no extra cost.
Suppliers’ credit, on the other hand, is in the nature of a loan for capital goods. Normally suppliers’ credit is payable
within a year. However, when the quantum of capital goods supplied and the amount involved is large, the credit
period may extend beyond one year. This is particularly so in the case of sectors like power and telecommunication
where large and costly machinery is bought and where installation of such machinery takes a long time.
This data field captures the value of a company’s long term domestic suppliers’ credit, which is secured by a lien
on the company’s assets. It includes secured long term credit granted by domestic suppliers of plant and machinery
or other capital goods. It captures suppliers credit from domestic suppliers alone.
In case the company has not classified suppliers’ credit as secured or unsecured then the same is reported by CMIE
as "suppliers’ credit" under unsecured long/short term borrowings respectively, and not here.
The revised schedule VI, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements, requires the segregation of assets and
liabilities into current and non-current portions. It applies to all companies, except banks. This field is one among
the many that have been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by companies in accordance with
the revised Schedule VI format. Such data is usually available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards.
the value of those companies’ secured long term domestic suppliers credit which has been reported as a gross

U NSECURED LONG TERM DEFERRED CREDIT 1425

Indicator : Unsecured long term deferred credit
Field : unsec_lt_deferred_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for a block of years. Such liabilities are usually pertaining to capital expenditures and dues to the government.
Deferred credits are usually granted by the government authorities for industry promotion or backward area devel-
opment or by suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods. Long term deferred credit would essentially
mean liabilities which are allowed a deferment of a period exceeding one year.
secured, then the same is captured accordingly. This data field is used to capture the value of unsecured long term
deferred credit.
Deferred credit for sales tax (commonly referred to as sales tax deferral) is the most common example of deferred
credit. It involves the government permitting a company to postpone its sales tax payments for a block of years.
The sales tax liability for the said years is accumulated and shown as ’Sales Tax Deferred’ in the company’s balance
sheet. The payment of this liability commences after the agreed moratorium period lapses.
machinery, give the company a longer time to clear dues if the amount involved is large. However, foreign suppliers’
credit is excluded from the purview of this data field, since it is captured separately, under the group ’foreign
currency borrowings’. Hence, this field only includes domestic suppliers’ credit.
and liabilities into current and non-current portions. It applies to all companies, except banks. This field is one
with the revised Schedule VI format. Such data is available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards, in most cases.
companies’ unsecured long term deferred credit which has been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the

1426 U NSECURED LONG TERM DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS / BUYERS CREDIT

Indicator : Unsecured long term domestic suppliers / buyers credit
Field : unsec_lt_domestic_suppliers_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Suppliers’ credit usually pertains to credit on imports extended by overseas suppliers or financial institutions outside
India. However, there are certain cases of credit being extended by domestic suppliers as well. Buyers might seek
to cover costs related to equipment, fixtures, supplies, among others, for their start-up businesses, with the help
of suppliers’ credit. Many suppliers have developed credit programs whereby they provide goods on credit, to be
re-paid with interest, over a specified period. This reduces an enterprise’s reliance on banks for short-term loans.
Long term domestic suppliers’ credit falls under the head ’long term deferred credit’. ’Foreign suppliers’ credit’,
on the other hand, is recorded separately, under ’Foreign currency borrowings’.
operating activities such as purchase of goods, materials and services. Here, credit is availed in the normal course
of business with no extra cost.
On the other hand, suppliers’ credit is in the nature of a loan for capital goods. Although it is usually payable within
a year, it can extend to beyond a year when the quantum of capital goods supplied and the amount involved is large.
This is particularly so in the case of sectors like power and telecommunication where large and costly machinery
is bought and where installation of such machinery takes a long time.
This data field captures the value of a company’s long term domestic suppliers’ credit, which are not secured by a
charge on the company’s assets.
as unsecured.
value of their long term items with a separate disclosure of the current portion thereof, while some others show
long term items net of the current portion. This data field captures the value of those companies’ unsecured long
term domestic suppliers’ credit which has been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current portion
thereof.

C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM DEFERRED CREDIT 1427

Indicator : Current portion of long term deferred credit
Field : curr_portion_lt_deferred_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Deferred credit is an arrangement in which an enterprise is permitted to defer payments towards liabilities, usually
pertaining to capital expenditures and payments due to the government. Such credits are usually granted by gov-
ernment authorities for industrial promotion or backward area development or by suppliers of plant and machinery
or other capital goods. Long term deferred credit is usually repayable over a period exceeding one year.
for a block of years. Suppliers’ credit is another form of deferred credit. The suppliers of capital goods, more
particularly of plant and machinery, give the company a longer time to repay the liability if the amount involved is
large. Prowess already captures foreign suppliers’ credit separately, and hence it does not fall within our purview
of ’deferred credit’. Instead, it falls under ’foreign currency borrowings’.
This data field captures the current portion of long term deferred credit as recorded by companies which have
reported the gross value and current portion separately. It is an additional information field.

1428 I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ( LONG TERM ) ON BORROWINGS

Indicator : Interest accrued and due (long term) on borrowings
Field : lt_int_accr_due_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Interest payments on borrowings that were due for payment but were not paid as on the date of the balance sheet
are termed as interest accrued and due. These are reported in this data field.
liabilities into current and non-current portions. Accordingly, companies report the current portion and non-current
portion of the long term borrowings, separately.
This data field captures the gross amount of interest accrued and due on borrowings i.e. interest accrued and due
on current portion of borrowings and interest accrued and due on long term portion of borrowings.

I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ( LONG TERM ) ON SECURED BORROWINGS 1429

Indicator : Interest accrued and due (long term) on secured borrowings
Field : lt_int_accr_due_sec_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
are termed as interest accrued and due. Interest accrued and due on secured borrowings is reported in this data
field.
This data field captures the gross amount of interest accrued and due on secured borrowings i.e. interest accrued
and due on current portion of secured borrowings and interest accrued and due on long term portion of secured
borrowings.

1430 I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ( LONG TERM ) ON UNSECURED BORROWINGS

Indicator : Interest accrued and due (long term) on unsecured borrowings
Field : lt_int_accr_due_unsec_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
are termed as interest accrued and due. Interest accrued and due on unsecured borrowings is reported in this data
field.
This data field captures the gross amount of interest accrued and due on secured borrowings i.e. interest accrued
and due on current portion of unsecured borrowings and interest accrued and due on long term portion of unsecured
borrowings.

C URRENT PORTION OF INTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ( LONG TERM ) ON BORROWINGS 1431

Indicator : Current portion of interest accrued and due (long term) on borrowings
Field : curr_portion_lt_int_accr_due_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
are termed as interest accrued and due. The current portion of interest accrued and due on long term borrowings is
portion of the long term borrowings, separately. Current portion represents the amount of long term borrowings
that is due for repayment within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
This data field captures the total interest accrued and due on current maturities of long term borrowings.

1432 L ONG TERM MATURITIES OF FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS

Indicator : Long term maturities of finance lease obligations
Field : lt_mat_fin_lease_obligations
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Some firms choose to lease long-term assets rather than buy them for a variety of reasons like tax benefits, more
flexibility in terms of adjusting to changes in technology and capacity needs. Lease payments create the same kind
of obligation that interest payments create on borrowings, and have to be viewed in similar light.
In a finance lease, the lessee assumes some kind of the risks of ownership and enjoys some of the benefits. Conse-
quently, the lease is recognised both as an asset and as a liability (for the lease obligations).
This data field stores the outstanding value of finance lease obligations as on the balance sheet date. This value is
called the long term maturities of finance lease obligations.
The value of this data field may be of secured finance lease obligations or unsecured finance lease obligations or
both.
The revised schedule VI makes it mandatory for all companies (except banking companies) to segregate assets
and liabilities into their current and non-current portions. Thus, companies are required to classify the amount
of finance lease obligations that are due for payment in the next one year as ‘current maturities of finance lease
obligations’ and report it under ‘other current liabilities’ in the balance sheet.
This data field captures the gross figure of outstanding finance lease obligation, without excluding the current
portion thereof. If a company reports long term items net of current portion, Prowess adds non-current and current
maturities of finance lease obligations and reports the total amount in this data field.

S ECURED LONG TERM MATURITIES OF FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS 1433

Indicator : Secured long term maturities of finance lease obligations
Field : sec_lt_mat_fin_lease_obligations
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The outstanding value of finance lease obligations as on the balance sheet date is called the long term maturities
of finance lease obligations. The classification of finance lease obligations as secured and unsecured is disclosed
separately in the schedule of borrowings in the balance sheet. The secured portion of finance lease obligations is
Secured finance lease obligations are usually secured by the hypothecation of leased assets.
This data field captures the gross figure of outstanding secured finance lease obligation, without excluding the
current portion thereof. If a company reports long term items net of current portion, Prowess adds non-current and
current maturities of secured finance lease obligations and reports the total amount in this data field.

1434 U NSECURED LONG TERM MATURITIES OF FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS

Indicator : Unsecured long term maturities of finance lease obligations
Field : unsec_lt_mat_fin_lease_obligations
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The outstanding value of finance lease obligations as on the balance sheet date is called the long term maturities
of finance lease obligations. The classification of finance lease obligations as secured and unsecured is disclosed
separately in the schedule of borrowings in the balance sheet. The unsecured portion of finance lease obligations is
This data field captures the gross figure of outstanding unsecured finance lease obligation, without excluding the
current portion thereof. If a company reports long term items net of current portion, Prowess adds non-current and
current maturities of unsecured finance lease obligations and reports the total amount in this data field.

C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM MATURITIES OF FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS 1435

Indicator : Current portion of long term maturities of finance lease obligations
Field : curr_portion_lt_mat_fin_lease_oblig
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the outstanding value of finance lease obligations which are due for payment within 12
months from the balance sheet date. This value is called the current portion of long term maturities of finance lease
obligations.
This data field is merely an addendum information under long term maturities of finance lease obligations. Prowess
captures it separately under current liabilities as ‘current maturities of finance lease obligations’.

1436 L ONG TERM FIXED DEPOSITS

Indicator : Long term fixed deposits
Field : lt_fixed_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is a financial instrument, usually non-tradeable, that is used by companies other than banks to raise
financial resources directly from retail savers. A fixed deposit is usually unsecured. It offers a fixed or variable
interest on deposits for a fixed term. If the maturity period exceeds one year, it is classified as long term fixed
deposit.
Fixed deposits do not include trade deposits, security deposits or other deposits of similar nature.
Companies often provide a break-up of fixed deposits on the basis of source - whether they have been raised
from the general public or from others. Wherever such a break-up is available, CMIE captures them separately in
different data fields.
Deposits taken by financial institutions are also included in this data field. Financial institutions are like banks, but
are not allowed to raise deposits like banks do. Therefore, deposits raised by them are captured separately. This
data field also captures deposits raised from the public by non-banking finance companies (NBFCs).
This data field represents the sum of long term fixed deposits raised by non-banking companies from the public,
from promoters/directors or shareholders, and deposits raised by financial institutions & NBFCs.
and liabilities into current and non-current portions. The revised schedule VI applies to all companies, except
banks. This field is one among the many that have been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made
by companies in accordance with the revised Schedule VI format. Such data is available from the financial year
2011-12 onwards, in most cases.
term fixed deposits which have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current portion thereof.

L ONG TERM FIXED DEPOSITS FROM PUBLIC 1437

Indicator : Long term fixed deposits from public
Field : lt_fixed_deposits_from_public
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is a financial instrument, usually non-tradeable, that is used by non-banking companies to raise
financial resources directly from retail savers. It is usually unsecured in nature. It offers a fixed or variable rate
of interest on deposits, for a fixed term. If the maturity period exceeds one year, it is classified as long term fixed
deposit.
This data field captures long term fixed deposits accepted by the company from the public.
It does not include deposits received from institutions such as government departments, banks, other companies,
etc. It also does not include deposits received as guarantees from employees, or received in the form of a security
or an advance in the course of business or otherwise. It also excludes unsecured loans (including fixed deposits) re-
ceived from directors/promoters of the company. Fixed deposits from directors/promoters/shareholders is captured
elsewhere separately.
of those companies’ long term fixed deposits raised from the public, which have been reported as a gross figure,

1438 L ONG TERM FIXED DEPOSITS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS .

Indicator : Long term fixed deposits from promoters, directors and shareholders.
Field : lt_fixed_deposits_from_promoters_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is a financial instrument, usually non-tradeable, that non-banking companies use to attract financial
resources directly from retail savers. It is usually unsecured in nature. It offers a fixed or variable interest on
deposits for a fixed term. If the maturity period exceeds one year, it is classified as long term fixed deposit. They
do not include trade deposits, security deposits or other deposits of similar nature.
from the general public or from others. Fixed deposits received by a company from its promoters, directors and
shareholders are captured in this data field.
liabilities into current and non-current portions, i.e. long term and short term. It applies to all companies, except
banks. This field is one among the many that have been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by
non-banking companies in accordance with the revised Schedule VI format, and is not relevant to banks. Such data
is usually available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards.
those companies’ long term fixed deposits received from their promoters, directors and shareholders, which have
been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current portion thereof.

L ONG TERM FIXED DEPOSITS RAISED BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND NBFC S 1439

Indicator : Long term fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs
Field : lt_fixed_deposits_raised_by_fin_inst_nbfcs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is a financial instrument (usually non-tradeable) that is used by non-banking companies to raise
deposit.
Companies often provide a break-up of fixed deposits on the basis of source - whether they have been raised from
the general public or from others. Deposits taken by financial institutions is another category. Financial institutions
are like banks, but are not allowed to raise deposits like banks do. Therefore, deposits raised by them are captured
separately. Deposits raised from the public by non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) are also captured. This
data field captures such long term fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs.
the value of those companies’ long term fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs, which have been
reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current portion thereof.

1440 C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM FIXED DEPOSITS

Indicator : Current portion of long term fixed deposits
Field : curr_portion_lt_fixed_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Fixed deposits are financial instruments (usually non-tradeable and unsecured in nature) that non-banking compa-
nies use to attract financial resources from retail savers. It offers a fixed or variable interest for a fixed term. If the
maturity period of such an instrument exceeds one year, it is classified as a long term fixed deposit. It does not
include trade deposits, security deposits or other deposits of similar nature.
This data field captures the value of the current portion of long term fixed deposits as recorded by companies which
have reported the gross value and current portion separately. It is an additional information field.

OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS 1441

Indicator : Other long term borrowings
Field : other_long_term_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings are created when a company takes finance from lenders, with a plan to repay the same with interest
over a period. They are also called debt.
As per the guidelines of the revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, companies are required to classify
their assets and liabilities into non-current and current portions. Accordingly, borrowings are to be classified on the
basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where a lender takes debt with the agreement of repaying it
over a period exceeding 12 months, it is classified as a long term borrowing.
’Other borrowings’ is a classification under which borrowings that are not recorded separately are clubbed together,
i.e. it is a head for residual non-categorised debt. Thus, it includes all borrowings other than those mentioned
below:-
1. Borrowings from banks
2. Borrowings from financial institutions
3. Borrowings from central & state govt
4. Borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
5. Debentures and bonds
6. Foreign currency borrowings
7. Loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals)
8. Inter-corporate loans
9. Deferred credit
10. Interest accrued and due on borrowings
11. Maturities of finance lease obligations
12. Fixed deposits
13. Sub-ordinated debt
14. Borrowings from RBI
This data field captures other borrowings that are not expected to be paid off within a period of one year, i.e.
’other long term borrowings’. It includes amounts reported by companies in their Annual Reports as "borrowings
from other sources". It is relevant only for non-banking companies, since banks are not required to adhere to the

1442 OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS
onwards.
long term items net of the current portion. This data field captures the value of those companies’ other long term
borrowings which have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding the current portion thereof.

S ECURED OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS 1443

Indicator : Secured other long term borrowings
Field : sec_other_lt_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings can be defined as finance taken from lenders, with a plan to repay the same with interest over a period.
They are also called debt.
their assets and liabilities into non-current and current portions. Therefore, borrowings are to be classified on the
basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where debt is agreed to be repaid over a period exceeding
12 months, it is classified as a long term borrowing.
’Other borrowings’ is a classification under which borrowings that can not be captured in the existing category
data fields on Prowess are clubbed together, i.e. it is a head for residual non-categorised debt. Thus, it includes all
borrowings other than those mentioned below:-
9. Deferred credit
12. Fixed deposits
Other borrowings would majorly include amounts reported by companies in their Annual Reports as ’borrowings
from other sources’ or similar heads.
This data field captures other borrowings that are not expected to be paid off within a period of one year, i.e. ’other
long term borrowings’, and which are secured in nature.

1444 S ECURED OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS
onwards.
the value of those companies’ secured other long term borrowings which have been reported as a gross figure,

U NSECURED OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS 1445

Indicator : Unsecured other long term borrowings
Field : unsec_other_lt_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings are defined as finance taken from lenders, with a plan to repay the same with interest over a period.
They are also called debt. The revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, requires companies to classify
9. Deferred credit
12. Fixed deposits
long term borrowings’, and which are not secured by the borrower’s assets.

1446 U NSECURED OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS
onwards.
the value of those companies’ unsecured other long term borrowings which have been reported as a gross figure,

C URRENT PORTION OF OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS 1447

Indicator : Current portion of other long term borrowings
Field : curr_portion_other_lt_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
9. Deferred credit
12. Fixed deposits

1448 C URRENT PORTION OF OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS
This data field is an addendum information field which captures the current portion of other long term borrowings
as recorded by companies which have reported the gross value and current portion separately.

L ONG TERM SUB - ORDINATED DEBT 1449

Indicator : Long term sub-ordinated debt
Field : lt_subordinated_debt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A simple definition of subordinate debt is one which is repaid only after all other loans and debt have been settled,
in case the borrowing company goes bankrupt and its assets are to be liquidated in order to repay outstanding debt.
In other words, it is that class of loans that commands a lower priority vis-a-vis other loans in terms of claims on
the borrowing company’s assets or earnings.
This data field is used to capture the value of such subordinate debt which has been issued by a bank or a finance
company for a period exceeding 12 months. It is not applicable to other companies.
The BASEL-norms disclosures mandated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) requires a bank’s regulatory capital
to be classified into tier 1 capital and tier 2 capital. Tier 1 capital, also known as core capital, is essentially the
highest quality capital of a bank, because it is fully available to cover losses. It consists mainly of share capital,
disclosed reserves, high-quality innovative perpetual debt and other capital instruments. Tier II capital, on the other
hand, is of inferior quality as compared to tier I capital with respect to absorption capacity in the covering of losses.
It consists of certain reserves and certain types of subordinated debt.
Subordinated debt, therefore, forms a part of a banking or finance company’s non-core capital, i.e. Tier II and Tier
III capital. The RBI guidelines state that subordinated debt instruments should be "plain vanilla" with no special
features like options, etc.

1450 C URRENT PORTION OF SUB - ORDINATED DEBT

Indicator : Current portion of sub-ordinated debt
Field : curr_portion_subordinated_debt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Subordinate debt can be simply defined as one which is repaid only after all other loans and debt have been settled,
in case the borrowing company goes bankrupt. In other words, it is that class of loans that commands a lower
priority vis-a-vis other loans in terms of claims on the borrowing company’s assets or earnings.
Subordinated debt, therefore, forms a part of a banking or finance company’s non-core capital, i.e. Tier II and Tier
III capital. The RBI guidelines state that subordinated debt instruments should be "plain vanilla" with no special
This data field captures the current portion of such long term subordinated debt. In other words, it captures that part
of long term subordinated debt that is expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet
date. It is merely an addendum information field. The amount is subsequently clubbed with ’current maturities of
long term debt’ under current liabilities.

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM RBI 1451

Indicator : Long term borrowings from RBI
Field : bank_borr_from_rbi
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
By virtue of being the central bank, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) controls the entire currency and banking
system in India. It acts as a banker to both, state governments as well as the central government in India. It also
acts as the banker to banks in India.
The RBI acts as a ’lender of last resort’ to Indian banks. Therefore, banks cn borrow from the RBI on the basis of
eligible securities or any other arrangement. Also, in times of crisis, they can approach the RBI for financial help.
Apart from the RBI, banks can also borrow money from other banking companies. This data field is used to capture
only amounts that a bank borrows from the RBI.
2011-12 onwards, in most cases. This data field captures the value of borrowings from the RBI which are long
term in nature, i.e. which have been taken for a period exceeding 12 months.
those companies’ long term borrowings from the RBI which have been reported as a gross figure, without excluding
the current portion thereof.

1452 C URRENT PORTION OF BORROWINGS FROM RBI

Indicator : Current portion of borrowings from RBI
Field : curr_portion_bank_borr_rbi
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
acts as a ’lender of last resort’ to Indian banks. Therefore, banks cn borrow from the RBI on the basis of eligible
securities or any other arrangement. Also, in times of crisis, they can approach the RBI for financial help.
This data field is is an addendum information field that is used to capture the current portion of the outstanding
value of long term borrowings from the RBI, as recorded by companies which have reported the gross value and
current portion separately.

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS GUARANTEED BY DIRECTORS 1453

Indicator : Long term borrowings guaranteed by directors
Field : lt_borr_gauranteed_by_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is an addendum information field. It reports the value of a company’s long term borrowings which
have been guaranteed by its directors. Companies disclose such information either by explicitly mentioning that a
loan has been guaranteed by a director(s), or it might specify that a particular loan has been taken in the name of a
director.
As per the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI’s) guidelines, banks are permitted to take personal guarantees of directors
only when the same is absolutely warranted after a careful examination of the circumstances of the case.
As per the RBI’s guidelines, there are certain circumstances in which seeking a director’s personal guarantee is
considered helpful. These are:-
1. In the case of closely held private or public companies, except in respect of companies where, by court or
statutory order, the management of a company is vested in a person or group of persons, who are not required
to be elected by shareholders
2. In order to ensure continuity of a company’s management or to mitigate the negative impact of a different
group acquiring control of the company, even if it is not a closely held company
3. In the case of public limited companies other than those rated first class where the loan is unsecured and
where the company’s financial position and/or cash position is deemed to be unsatisfactory
4. In order to cover up for the interim period between the disbursement of loan and creation of charge on the
borrowing company’s assets, where there is a delay in the creation of such a charge
5. In the case of subsidiary companies whose financial condition is considered unsatisfactory
6. In the case of interlocking of funds between a company and other concerns owned or managed by the same
group
7. In the case of sick units, so as to instill greater accountability and responsibility, and in order to motivate the
management to run the assisted units on sound and healthy lines and to ensure financial descipline

1454 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS GUARANTEED BY DIRECTORS
the value of those companies’ long term borrowings guaranteed by directors, which have been reported as a gross

C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM BORROWINGS GUARANTEED BY DIRECTORS 1455

Indicator : Current portion of long term borrowings guaranteed by directors
Field : curr_portion_lt_borr_grntd_by_dirs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is an addendum information field which captures the current portion of a company’s long term borrowings that
have been guaranteed by is directors. Current portion refers to that portion which is expected to be repaid within a
period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.
Companies disclose such information either by explicitly mentioning that a loan has been guaranteed by a direc-
tor(s), or it might specify that a particular loan has been taken in the name of a director.
group
This data field is is an addendum information field that is used to capture the current portion of a company’s long
term borrowings guaranteed by its directors, as recorded by companies which have reported the gross value and
current portion separately.

1456 C URRENT PORTION OF LONG TERM BORROWINGS

Indicator : Current portion of long term borrowings
Field : curr_portion_lt_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the current portion of all of a company’s long term borrowings. Current portion refers to
all that portion which is expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. In effect,
it refers to that part of long term borrowings which needs to be excluded therefrom and reported under current
liabilities instead.
This data field captures the current portion of all kinds of long term borrowings, namely:-
1. Borrowing from banks
2. Borrowing from financial institutions
3. Borrowings from central & state governments
7. Loans from promoters, directors and shareholders
9. Deferred credit
10. Interest accrued and due
12. Fixed deposits
15. Other long term borrowings
This aggregate value then gets reported under current liabilities under the head "current maturities on long term
debt".
This data field is is used to capture the current portion of a company’s long term borrowings as recorded by
companies which have reported the gross value and current portion thereof separately.

L ONG TERM BORROWING FROM BANKS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1457

Indicator : Long term borrowing from banks excl current portion
Field : lt_borr_from_banks_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of long term borrowings taken by companies from banks, whether secured
or unsecured. Money borrowed by companies from banks for a period of more than 12 months is classified as ’long
term borrowings from banks’.
Companies may borrow from a single bank or a number of banks or from a banking syndicate. This data field
captures long term borrowings taken from all of these sources. However, foreign currency borrowings from banks
are not captured in this field. Instead, they are reported in the field ’Long Term Foreign Currency Borrowings’.
This data field captures long term borrowings from banks irrespective of whether they are secured or otherwise.
The classification of long term bank borrowings as secured and unsecured is sourced from the schedules/notes to
accounts section of companies’ annual reports. Such a classification of long term bank borrowings as secured or
unsecured is captured in this field’s child indicators.
their borrowings into long and short term, viz. the revised schedule VI is not applicable to them. Since this field
has been introduced to capture the additional disclosures required to be made by companies in accordance with the
revised Schedule VI format, data is available only after the year ending March 2011.
Since April 2012, all companies apart from banking companies present their financial data in the revised schedule
VI disclosure format of the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. The revised
schedule VI makes it mandatory for companies to broadly classify their liabilities into ’Current’ and ’Non-current’
categories.
In the light of the new guidelines of the revised schedule VI, companies are expected to segregate the current
portion from conventional long term items. Accordingly, some companies report the gross value of their long term
items with a separate disclosure of the current portion thereof, while some others show long term items net of the
current portion. Current portion refers to that portion of a conventional long term item that is expected to be paid
off within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field captures the value of those companies’
total long term bank borrowings which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1458 S ECURED LONG TERM BANK BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term bank borrowings excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_borr_from_banks_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the outstanding amount of secured long term bank borrowings of a company as on any given
balance sheet date. Long term bank borrowings is defined as borrowings taken from banks for a period of more
than 12 months. The classification of long term bank borrowings as secured and unsecured is available in the
schedules/notes to accounts section of a company’s annual report. This data field captures the secured portion of
such long term borrowings.
Secured loans are defined as loans backed by the security of a pledged asset, the market value of which at any point
in time is never less than the amount of such a loan. Borrowers of secured loans pledge their assets with the lender
as collateral for the loan taken. In the case of default in the repayment of secured loans, the lender has the authority
to sell the pledged assets and thereby recover the amount due.
A company might choose to borrow either from a single bank or a number of banks or from a syndicate of banks.
LOng term borrowings from all of these sources are captured in this data field. However, foreign currency loans
from banks are not included herein. They are captured in the data field ’Long Term Foreign Currency Borrowings’.
their borrowings into long and short term, viz. the revised schedule VIdo not apply to them. Since this field has
been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by companies in accordance with the revised format of
schedule VI, data is available only post-March 2011.
Since April 2012, companies present their financial data in the new disclosure format given in schedule VI of
the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. The revised schedule VI has
mandated the classification of liabilities into ’current’ and ’non-current’ categories for all companies except banking
companies.
secured long term bank borrowings which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM BANK BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1459

Indicator : Unsecured long term bank borrowings excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_borr_from_banks_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the outstanding amount of unsecured long term bank borrowings in the books of a company as
on a balance sheet date. Money borrowed from banks for a period of more than 12 months is classified as long term
borrowings from banks. The classification of a company’s long term bank borrowings as secured and unsecured is
available from the schedules/notes to accounts section of its annual report. This data field stores only the unsecured
portion of a company’s total long term borrowings.
An unsecured loan is one which does not require a borrower to pledge any of his assets with the lender as a collateral
for the said loan. In comparison with secured borrowings, unsecured borrowings have high interest rates, due to
the higher degree of risk associated with it in the absense of a collateral.
A company may borrow either from a single bank or from a number of banks or from a syndicate of banks.
Unsecured long term loans taken from all of these sources are included in this data field. However, unsecured
foreign currency loans from banks are not reported in this data field. They are captured separately under the field
’Unsecured Long Term Foreign Currency Borrowings’.
This field pertains to all companies except for banking companies, since it is not mandatory for banks to classify
their borrowings into long and short term, viz. the revised schedule VI is not applicable to banks. Since this
field has been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by companies in accordance with the revised
Schedule VI format, data is available only post-March 2011.
unsecured long term bank borrowings which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1460L ONG TERM BORROWING FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING NBFC’ S EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Long term borrowing from financial institutions including NBFC’s excl current
portion
Field : lt_borr_from_fin_inst_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Money borrowed for a period of more than 12 months is classified as long term borrowings. Secured borrowings
are those which are backed by the pledging of the borrower’s assets as collateral. Such a security gives the lender
the right to liquidate such an asset in order to recover his dues in case of a default on the part of the borrower. This
data field stores the total amount of long term borrowings from financial institutions (FIs) other than banks, both
secured as well as unsecured.
SIDBI, HUDCO, NABARD, IFCI and SFCs are some examples of domestic financial institutions. A company may
borrow loans from a single FI or from a number of FIs, or from a syndicate of FIs. Long term borrowings from all
of these sources are included in this data field.
This data field also includes foreign currency rupee loans from financial institutions. Long term foreign currency
loans from financial institutions, however, are captured in a separate field ’Long Term Foreign Currency Bor-
rowings’. The categorisation of long term borrowings from financial institutions into secured and unsecured is
disclosed separately in the schedules/notes to accounts section of companies’ annual reports. Likewise, such a
secured/unsecured classification of long term borrowings from financial institutions is also captured separately.
Starting from the financial year ended March 2012, companies present their financial data in the new disclosure
format of schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. The
revised schedule VI makes it mandatory for companies to broadly classify their liabilities as ’Current liabilities’
and ’Non-current liabilities’.
long term borrowings from financial institutions which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONAL BORROWINGS INCLUDING NBFC’ S EXCL CURRENT
PORTION 1461

Indicator : Secured long term financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s excl
current portion
Field : sec_lt_borr_from_fin_inst_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Long term borrowings can be defined as those borrowings which have been taken for a period exceeding 12 months.
Secured borrowings are those which are backed by assets owned by a borrower being pledged as a collateral with
the lender, giving the lender the right to liquidate the same in order to recover dues in case of a default. The market
value of such pledged assets is at no point of time lower than the value of the loan taken.
This data field stores the outstanding amount of a company’s secured long term borrowings from financial institu-
tions other than banks. The classification of long term borrowings as secured and unsecured is disclosed separately
in the schedules/notes to accounts section of a company’s annual report.
A company may borrow money from a single financial institution (FI), or from a number of FIs, or from a syndicate
of FIs. SIDBI, HUDCO, NABARD, IFCI and SFCs are some examples of domestic financial institutions.
This data field also includes foreign currency rupee loans from financial institutions. However, long term foreign
currency loans from financial institutions are not captured here. They are recorded separately in the field ’Long
Term Foreign Currency Borrowings’.
their borrowings into long and short term, viz. the revised schedule VI does not apply to them. This field has been
format. Hence, data pertaining to this format is available only post-March 2011.
Since the financial year beginning April 2011, companies present their financial data in the new disclosure format of
schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. The revised schedule
VI makes it mandatory for companies to broadly classify their liabilities as ’Current liabilities’ and ’Non-current
liabilities’.
secured long term borrowings from financial institutions that have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1462 OF WHICH : SECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY RUPEE LOANS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Of which: secured long term foreign currency rupee loans excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_foreign_currency_rupee_loan_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign currency rupee loan represent the money borrowed from financial institutions situated in India in foreign
currency and repayable in the domestic currency.
rency but is repaid in equivalent rupee amount. Financial institutions provide foreign currency loans when Indian
companies find it difficult to raise money overseas.
This data field captures the value of secured long term foreign currency rupee loans taken from financial institutions.
The amount captured in this data field is excluding the current portion (the amount which is expected to be repaid
within a period of 12 months from the date of balance sheet) of the loan.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ secured long term foreign currency rupee loans, which have
been reported as a net figure, after excluding the current portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING NBFC’ S EXCL
CURRENT PORTION 1463

Indicator : Unsecured long term borrowings from financial institutions including NBFC’s
excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_borr_from_fin_inst_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Long term borrowings are those borrowings which have been taken for a period exceeding 12 months. Borrowings
can be secured or unsecured in nature. Secured borrowings are those which are backed by assets owned by a
borrower being pledged as a collateral with the lender, giving the lender the right to liquidate the same in order to
recover dues in case of a default. The market value of such pledged assets is at no point of time lower than the
value of the loan taken.
In contrast, unsecured borrowings are not backed by any security whatsoever, and are therefore risky for the lender.
Hence, they usually command a higher rate of interest, as compensation for the higher risk attached thereto. This
data field stores the outstanding amount of a company’s unsecured long term borrowings from financial institutions
other than banks. The classification of long term borrowings as secured and unsecured is disclosed separately in
the schedules/notes to accounts section of a company’s annual report.
A company may borrow money from a single financial institution (FI), or from a number of FIs, or from a syndicate
of FIs. SIDBI, HUDCO, NABARD, IFCI and SFCs are some examples of domestic financial institutions.
This data field also includes foreign currency rupee loans from financial institutions. However, long term foreign
currency loans from financial institutions are not captured here. They are recorded separately in the field ’Long
Term Foreign Currency Borrowings’.
liabilities’.
In the light of the new guidelines of the revised schedule VI, companies are expected to segregate the current portion
from conventional long term items. Accordingly, some companies report the gross value of their long term items
with a separate disclosure of the current portion thereof, while some others show long term items net of the current
portion. Current portion refers to that portion of a conventional long term item that is expected to be paid off within
a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field captures the value of those companies’ unsecured
long term borrowings from financial institutions that have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1464 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Long term borrowings from central & state govt excl current portion
Field : lt_borr_central_state_govt_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies borrow from sources other than banks and financial institutions. This data field captures companies’
borrowing from central and state governments, which are long term in nature i.e. which have been taken for a
period exceeding 12 months. This field includes all such long term borrowings from governments, whether secured
or otherwise. It includes all borrowings from central, state and local governments.
Governments usually lend to public sector enterprises. They also lend to corporates under various schemes, which
are expected to aid the development of the public at large, whether in terms of employment, or provision of so-
cial amenities, or rural development, etc. Governments might also lend in order to support loss-making and sick
companies.
Apart from lending of monies, governments may provide assistance or funding to companies in various forms such
as grants, subsidies, development funds, tax deferrals, etc. These, however, are not captured here.
liabilities’.
long term borrowings from central & state governments which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1465

Indicator : Secured long term borrowings from central & state govt excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_borr_central_state_govt_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
borrowings from central and state governments, which are long term in nature i.e. which have been taken for a
period exceeding 12 months.
Borrowings can be secured or unsecured in nature. Secured borrowings are those which are backed by the bor-
rower’s assets. The borrower pledges assets to the lender, giving him the right to liquidate it in order to recover
dues in case of a default in repayment. This data field captures such secured long term borrowings of companies
taken from governments.
companies.
Since April 2012, companies are required to present their financial data in the new disclosure format of schedule VI
of the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. Therefore, such data is usually
available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards. The revised schedule VI makes it mandatory for companies to
broadly classify their liabilities as ’Current liabilities’ and ’Non-current liabilities’.
In the light of the new guidelines of the revised schedule VI, companies are expected to draw out the current portion
of conventional long term items. Accordingly, some companies report the gross value of their long term items with
a separate disclosure of the current portion thereof, while some others show long term items net of the current
a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field captures the value of those companies’ secured
long term borrowings from central & state governments which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1466 S ECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM G OVERNMENT OF I NDIA EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term borrowings from Government of India excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_borr_central_govt_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
borrowings from the central government of India, which are long term i.e. which have been taken for a period
exceeding 12 months and secured in nature.
taken from the central government of India.
are expected to facilitate the welfare of the public at large, whether in terms of employment, or provision of
social amenities, or rural development, etc. Governments might also lend in order to support loss-making and sick
companies. Apart from lending of monies, governments may provide assistance or funding to companies in various
forms such as grants, subsidies, development funds, tax deferrals, etc. These, however, are not captured here. This
field captures only secured long term borrowings in terms of monies, that too only from the central government.
secured long term borrowings from the central government of India, which have been reported net of the current
portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM STATE GOVERNMENTS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1467

Indicator : Secured long term borrowings from state governments excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_borr_state_govt_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
borrowings from various state governments, which are long term i.e. which have been taken for a period exceeding
12 months and secured in nature.
taken from state governments.
social amenities, or rural development, etc. Governments might also lend in order to support loss-making and sick
companies. Apart from lending of monies, governments may provide assistance or funding to companies in various
forms such as grants, subsidies, development funds, tax deferrals, etc. These, however, are not captured here. This
field captures only secured long term borrowings in terms of monies, exclusively from various state governments.
secured long term borrowings from various state governments, which have been reported net of the current portion
thereof.

1468 U NSECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Unsecured long term borrowings from central & state govt excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_borr_central_state_govt_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
unsecured long term borrowings from central and state governments.
dues in case of a default in repayment. In contrast, unsecured borrowings do not have the backing of any asset, and
thus involve high risk. As a result, they also command higher rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached.
This data field captures unsecured long term borrowings of companies taken from governments.
companies.
format. Hence, data in this format is available only post-March 2011.
unsecured long term borrowings from central and state governments, which have been reported net of the current
portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM G OVERNMENT OF I NDIA EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1469

Indicator : Unsecured long term borrowings from Government of India excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_borr_central_govt_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
borrowings from the central government of India, which are long term i.e. which have been taken for a period
exceeding 12 months and unsecured in nature.
dues in case of a default in repayment. In contrast, unsecured borrowings do not have the security of borrowers’
assets and are therefore high risk. Consequently, they command a higher rate of interest as compensation for the
higher risk attached thereto. This data field captures unsecured long term borrowings of companies taken from the
central government of India.
social amenities, or rural development, etc. Governments might also lend in order to support loss-making and
sick companies. Apart from lending of monies, governments may provide assistance or funding to companies in
various forms such as grants, subsidies, development funds, tax deferrals, etc. These, however, are not captured
here. This field only captures unsecured long term borrowings in terms of monies, and only exclusively from the
central government.
unsecured long term borrowings from the central government of India, which have been reported net of the current
portion thereof.

1470 U NSECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM STATE GOVERNMENTS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Unsecured long term borrowings from state governments excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_borr_state_govt_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
borrowings from various state governments, which are long term i.e. which have been taken for a period exceeding
12 months and unsecured in nature.
dues in case of a default in repayment. On the other hand, unsecured borrowings are not backed by any asset,
rendering them high risk in nature. As a result, they command a high rate of interest as compensation for the risk
attached. This data field captures such unsecured long term borrowings of companies taken from state governments.
social amenities, or rural development, etc. Governments might also lend in order to support loss-making and
sick companies. Apart from lending of monies, governments may provide assistance or funding to companies in
various forms such as grants, subsidies, development funds, tax deferrals, etc. These, however, are not captured
here. This field captures only unsecured long term borrowings in terms of monies, exclusively from various state
governments.
This field is only relevant to non-banking companies, since it is not mandatory for banks to classify their borrowings
into long and short term, viz. the revised schedule VI does not apply to them. This field has been introduced to
capture the additional disclosures made by companies in accordance with the revised Schedule VI format. Hence,
data pertaining to this format is available only post-March 2011.
long term borrowings from various state governments, which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1471

Indicator : Long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions excl current portion
Field : lt_borr_syndicated_banks_inst_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Syndicated borrowings involve the coming together of a group of lenders to lend to a single borrower. Such a group
is known as a syndicate. Although syndicates usually consist of banks, a variety of institutional investors can also
participate. Syndicates usually come together to lend when companies require huge funds which can not be met
by a single bank or a single financial institution. In such an arrangement, each bank or financial institution (FI) has
a share in the total borrowings of the company. Banks and FIs do this to spread the risk of lending to one large
borrower.
This data field captures the total value of a company’s long term borrowings syndicated across various banks and
FIs.
The latter two are a part of secured bank borrowings or secured financial institutional borrowing, respectively.
Where companies just provide a composite disclosure of loans taken from banks and FIs, it does not necessarily
mean that the loan is a syndicated loan. Hence only those loans which are specifically reported by the company as
"syndicated" are reported in this data field.
total long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions, which have been reported net of the current
portion thereof.

1472
S ECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions excl current
portion
Field : sec_lt_borr_syndicated_banks_inst_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Usually, when companies require huge funds that can not be met by a single bank or a single financial institution
(FI), a group/consortium of banks/FIs come together to lend. Such a group is known as a syndicate. Although
syndicates usually consist of banks, a variety of institutional investors can also participate. In such an arrangement,
each bank or financial institution (FI) has a share in the total borrowings of the company. Banks and FIs do this to
spread the risk of lending to one large borrower.
This data field captures the total value of a company’s secured long term borrowings syndicated across various
banks and FIs. Secured borrowings are those which are backed by a borrower’s assets. They give the lender the
right to liquidate the said assets in order to recover dues, in the event of a default in repayment.
secured long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions, which have been reported net of the current
portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS EXCL CURRENT
PORTION 1473

Indicator : Unsecured long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions excl
current portion
Field : unsec_lt_borr_syndicated_banks_inst_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
(FI), a group/consortium of banks/FIs come together to lend. Such a group is known as a syndicate. Although
syndicates usually consist of banks, a variety of institutional investors can also participate. In such an arrangement,
each bank or financial institution (FI) has a share in the total borrowings of the company. Banks and FIs do this to
spread the risk of lending to one large borrower.
Secured borrowings are those which are backed by a borrower’s assets. They give the lender the right to liquidate
the said assets in order to recover dues, in the event of a default in repayment. In contrast, unsecured borrowings
are not backed by any security, and are therefore risky. As a result, they carry a higher rate of interest in order
to compensate for the risk attached. This data field captures the total value of a company’s unsecured long term
borrowings syndicated across various banks and FIs.
long term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions, which have been reported net of the current portion
thereof.

1474 L ONG TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Long term debentures and bonds excl current portion
Field : lt_debentures_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
agreed amount at an agreed date, i.e. on the date of redemption of the securities. Bonds and debentures are
examples of such securities.
Bonds/debentures are long term debt instruments. These can be partly or fully convertible into equity shares or
they may be non-convertible in nature. They may be secured or unsecured. In case of secured debentures or bonds,
the holders have a lien over the company’s specific assets. Debentures and bonds can be unsecured also. Usually,
privately placed debentures are unsecured.
Prowess captures secured and unsecured debentures & bonds separately. This data field is the sum of these two
categories, issued for a period of more than 12 months.
the value of those companies’ long term debentures & bonds which have been reported net of the current portion
thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1475

Indicator : Secured long term debentures and bonds excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_debentures_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
are unsecured.
those companies’ secured long term debentures and bonds which have been reported net of the current portion
thereof.

1476 S ECURED LONG TERM NON - CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_non_convert_deb_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
ules/notes to accounts section of companies’ annual reports. The secured portion of such borrowings is captured in
this data field. This data field stores the total secured non-convertible debentures and bonds issued for a period of
more than 12 months.
Unlike convertible debentures, non-convertible debentures (NCDs) are those debentures which are not convertible
to equity shares on maturity. Till maturity, these debentures earn regular income in the form of interest and upon
maturity the issuing company redeems them. As compared to convertible debentures, NCDs generally attract higher
interest rates. According to the Issuance of Non-Convertible Debentures (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2010, an NCD
refers to a debt instrument issued by corporates (including NBFCs) with original or initial maturity up to one year,
and issued by way of private placement. The directions also state that non-convertible debentures should not be
issued for maturities of less than 90 days from the date of issue.
NCDs may be issued to and held by individuals, banks, Primary Dealers (PDs), other corporate bodies including
insurance companies and mutual funds registered or incorporated in India and unincorporated bodies, Non-Resident
Indians (NRIs) and Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs).
the value of those companies’ secured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds which have been reported
net of the current portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM ZERO INTEREST BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1477

Indicator : Secured long term zero interest bonds excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_zero_interest_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Zero interest bonds are debt instruments that do not carry any interest payment until maturity. However, these
bonds are issued at a discount to the face value and redeemed for its full face value at maturity.
Zero coupon bonds are also termed as discount bonds or deep discount bonds because they are issued at a discount
to the face value.
This data field captures the value of non-current portion of secured long term zero interest bonds issued by a
company, i.e. it excludes the value of bonds that are due for redemption within 12 months from the balance sheet
date. It is termed as ‘secured long term zero interest bonds excluding current portion’ in Prowess.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ secured long term zero interest bonds, which have been
reported as a net figure, after excluding the current portion thereof. In case a company reports gross value of its
long term items with a separate disclosure of the current portion, Prowess deducts the current portion and reports
the net value in this data field.

1478 S ECURED LONG TERM CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_convertible_deb_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
other company at the option of the holder and / or the issuer at a specified date in the future and a specified price
are called convertible debentures and bonds.
The outstanding value of the non-current portion of convertible debentures and bonds is captured in this data field.
This means this data field excludes the value of convertible debentures that are due for redemption within 12 months
from the balance sheet date. It is termed as ‘secured long term convertible debentures and bonds excluding current
portion’ in Prowess.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ secured long term convertible debentures and bonds, which
have been reported as a net figure, after excluding the current portion thereof. In case a company reports gross
value of its long term items with a separate disclosure of the current portion, Prowess deducts the current portion
and reports the net value in this data field.

S ECURED LONG TERM FULLY CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1479

Indicator : Secured long term fully convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_fully_convertible_deb_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding amount of the non-current portion of such fully convertible debentures
issued by a company but which have not yet been converted into equity shares. Thus, the data field excludes the
value of fully convertible debentures and bonds that are due for redemption within 12 months from the balance
sheet date. It is termed as ‘secured long term fully convertible debentures and bonds excluding current portion’ in
Prowess.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ secured long term fully convertible debentures and bonds,
which have been reported as a net figure, after excluding the current portion thereof. In case a company reports
gross value of its long term items with a separate disclosure of the current portion, Prowess deducts the current
portion and reports the net value in this data field.

1480 S ECURED LONG TERM PARTLY CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term partly convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_partly_convertible_deb_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Partly convertible debentures/bonds are those where a part of the amount paid for the debentures/ bonds is con-
verted into equity shares of the issuing company after a specified period of time. The remaining portion of deben-
tures/bonds are redeemed on a pre-determined basis.
This data field captures the outstanding amount of the non-current portion of such partly convertible debentures
issued by a company but not yet converted into equity shares. Thus, the data field excludes the value of partly
convertible debentures and bonds that are due for redemption within 12 months from the balance sheet date. It is
termed as ‘secured long term partly convertible and bonds excluding current portion’.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ secured long term partly convertible debentures and bonds,

S ECURED LONG TERM OPTIONALLY CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1481

Indicator : Secured long term optionally convertible debentures and bonds excl current
portion
Field : sec_lt_optionally_convertible_deb_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debentures or bonds that are convertible into shares of the issuing company at the option of the holder of the
instrument, are called optionally convertible debentures or bonds. The conversion is as per the terms of issue. Such
instruments may be partly or fully convertible into shares of the company.
This data field captures the outstanding amount of the non-current portion of such optionally convertible debentures
issued by a company but not yet converted into equity shares. Thus, the data field excludes the value of optionally
convertible debentures and bonds that are due for redemption within 12 months from the balance sheet date. It is
termed as ‘secured long term optionally convertible and bonds excluding current portion’.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ secured long term optionally convertible debentures and
bonds, which have been reported as a net figure, after excluding the current portion thereof. In case a company
reports gross value of its long term items with a separate disclosure of the current portion, Prowess deducts the
current portion and reports the net value in this data field.

1482 U NSECURED LONG TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Unsecured long term debentures and bonds excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_debentures_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debentures and bonds are fixed income debt instruments, issued by companies in order to raise funds. Long term
debentures and bonds are instruments with a maturity period of over 12 months. This data field captures the sum
total of all outstanding unsecured long term debentures and bonds issued by the company. Secured long term bonds
and debentures are captured separately.
are unsecured.
On the other hand, unsecured borrowings are not backed by any asset. Hence, they are high risk and command
a high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures the value of a company’s
unsecured long term debentures & bonds.
the value of those companies’ unsecured long term debentures & bonds, which have been reported net of the current
portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1483

Indicator : Unsecured long term convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_convertible_deb_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
in order to raise funds. Long term debentures and bonds are instruments with a maturity period of over 12 months.
This data field captures the sum total of all outstanding unsecured long term convertible debentures and bonds
issued by the company.
Bonds/debentures can be partly, fully or optionally convertible into equity shares or they may be non-convertible in
nature. They may be secured or unsecured. In case of secured debentures or bonds, the holders have a lien over the
company’s specific assets. This data field captures long term debentures and bonds which at some predetermined
time, get converted, either fully or partially, into ordinary shares of a company. Debentures or bonds that can be
converted, fully or partially, into ordinary shares of the issuing company or some other company at the option of
the holder and/or the issuer at a specified date in the future and a specified price are called convertible debentures.
The outstanding value of such convertible debentures which do not have any lien over the company’s assets, but
with a maturity period of over 12 months are captured under this field.
high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached.
of those companies’unsecured long term convertible debentures and bonds, which have been reported net of the

1484 U NSECURED LONG TERM NON - CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Unsecured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_non_convertible_deb_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
in order to raise funds. They are either issued at a discount to their face value or are redeemed at a premium. They
can carry a fixed or variable interest rates or coupons.
There are infinite varieties of debentures and bonds. One variant is a convertible debenture. These, at some
predetermined time, get converted, either fully or partly, into ordinary shares of the company. Debentures that
are not convertible into ordinary shares of the company are termed as non-convertible debentures. This data field
captures the outstanding value of such non convertible debentures and bonds which are unsecured in nature and
have a maturity period exceeding 12 months.
high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures the value of unsecured long term
non-convertible debentures and bonds.
the value of those companies’ unsecured long term non-convertible debentures and bonds, s which have been
reported net of the current portion thereof.

L ONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1485

Indicator : Long term foreign currency borrowings excl current portion
Field : lt_foreign_currency_borr_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
borrowings.
This data field captures the total foreign currency borrowings of a company, irrespective of whether it is secured or
unsecured, which is long term in nature. A long term borrowing is one which has been taken for a period exceeding
12 months.
term foreign currency borrowings which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1486 S ECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term foreign currency borrowings excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_foreign_currency_borr_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the secured long term foreign currency borrowings of a company. A long term borrowing
is one which has been taken for a period exceeding 12 months. Secured loans are those which have a lien over
specific assets of the borrowing company. They give the lender the right to liquidate the said assets in order to
recover dues in the event of a default in repayment.
secured long term foreign currency borrowings which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS ( INCLUDING EURO BONDS ) EXCL CURRENT
PORTION 1487

Indicator : Secured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) excl
current portion
Field : sec_lt_borr_through_ecb_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures secured long term funds raised through all the aforementioned sources except through
foreign supplier’s credit are reported here. Foreign supplier’s credit is reported separately.
secured long term extra commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) that have been reported net of the current
portion thereof.

1488O F WHICH : SECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY CONVERTIBLE BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Of which : secured long term foreign currency convertible bonds excl current
portion
Field : sec_lt_euro_convert_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
and interest components of such instruments are payable in foreign currency.
FCCBs are a mix between debt and equity instruments. They are like bonds as companies make regular coupon
and principal payments and these bonds also give the bondholder the option to convert the bond into stock as per
the terms of the issue.
Due to the equity side of the bond, the coupon payments on the bond are lower for the company, thereby reducing
its debt financing costs.
This data field captures the outstanding value of the non-current portion of secured FCCBs, i.e. FCCBs with a
maturity period exceeding 12 months. It is an additional information field under secured long term foreign currency
borrowings excluding current portion.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ secured long term foreign currency convertible bonds, which
have been reported as a net figure, after excluding the current portion thereof. In case a company reports gross
value of its long term items with a separate disclosure of the current portion, Prowess deducts the current portion
and reports the net value in this data field.

O F WHICH : SECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY NON - CONVERTIBLE BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION
1489

Indicator : Of which : secured long term foreign currency non-convertible bonds excl current
portion
Field : sec_lt_frgn_curr_non_conv_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of non-current portion of secured long term foreign currency non-convertible
bonds issued by a company, i.e. it excludes the value of bonds that are due for redemption within 12 months from
the balance sheet date. This is an additional information field under secured long term foreign currency borrowing
excluding current portion.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ secured long term foreign currency non-convertible bonds,

1490 S ECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN SUPPLIERS ’ CREDIT EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term foreign suppliers’ credit excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_foreign_suppl_crd_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign suppliers’ credit can be defined as credit for imports into India extended to a buyer by overseas suppliers,
against a guarantee. Secured credit granted by foreign suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods is
capital goods.
Usually suppliers’ credit is payable within a year. However, when the quantum of capital goods is high and the
amount is huge, the credit period may extend to beyond a year. This is particularly in the case of sectors like power
and telecommunication where large and costly machinery is bought and where installation of such machinery takes
a long time.
When such foreign suppliers’ credit is reported as secured and for a period of more than 12 months, CMIE reports
it in this data field. On the other hand, in case the company has not classified foreign suppliers’ credit as secured or
unsecured then the same is reported as "foreign suppliers’ credit" under unsecured borrowings and not as secured.
term foreign suppliers’ credit, which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1491

Indicator : Unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_foreign_currency_borr_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
command a higher rate of interest in order to compensate the lender for the risk attached. This data field captures a
company’s unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings. Example of such borrowings are listed below:-
5. Unsecured loans taken from foreign financial institutions (including foreign EXIM banks)
6. Unsecured loans taken from international development institutions like World Bank, Asian Development
Bank, etc.
In other words, any unsecured loan taken in a foreign currency, whether it is taken from India or from abroad and
from any source, for a period of over one year, is reported in this data field.
unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS ( INCLUDING EURO BONDS ) EXCL
1492 CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Unsecured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) excl
current portion
Field : unsec_lt_borr_through_ecb_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An external commercial borrowing (ECB) is an instrument that facilitates the access of Indian companies to foreign
funds. It could be in the form of commercial bank loans, suppliers’ credit, securitised instruments such as Floating
Rate Notes and fixed rate bonds such as euro bonds or FCCBs or FCEBs, etc. It could also be in the form of credit
from official export credit agencies and commercial borrowings from the private sector window of multilateral
financial institutions such as International Finance Corporation (Washington), ADB, AFIC, CDC, etc.
The Finance Ministry has placed limits on the total amount of ECBs that Indian corporates can access in a year.
The government has also put restrictions on the maturity profile of such borrowings. ECBs cannot be used for
investment in stock market or speculation in real estate.
On the other hand, unsecured borrowings are not backed by any security. Hence, they are high risk, and therefore
command a higher rate of interest in order to compensate for the risk attached. This data field captures the value of a
company’s unsecured long term external commercial borrowings except through foreign supplier’s credit. Foreign
supplier’s credit is reported separately.
unsecured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) which have been reported net of the

OF WHICH : UNSECURED FOREIGN CURRENCY CONVERTIBLE BONDS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1493

Indicator : Of which : unsecured foreign currency convertible bonds excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_euro_convert_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
and interest components of such instruments are payable in foreign currency.
FCCBs are a mix between debt and equity instruments. They are like bonds as companies make regular coupon
and principal payments and these bonds also give the bondholder the option to convert the bond into stock as per
the terms of the issue.
Due to the equity side of the bond, the coupon payments on the bond are lower for the company, thereby reducing
its debt financing costs.
This data field captures the outstanding value of the non-current portion of unsecured FCCBs, i.e. unsecured
FCCBs with a maturity period exceeding 12 months. It is an additional information field under unsecured long
term foreign currency borrowings excluding current portion.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ unsecured long term foreign currency convertible bonds,

OF WHICH : UNSECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY NON - CONVERTIBLE BONDS EXCL CURRENT
1494 PORTION

Indicator : Of which : unsecured long term foreign currency non-convertible bonds excl
current portion
Field : unsec_lt_frgn_curr_non_conv_bonds_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of non-current portion of unsecured long term foreign currency non-convertible
bonds issued by a company, i.e. it excludes the value of bonds that are due for redemption within 12 months
from the balance sheet date. This is an additional information field under ’Unsecured long term foreign currency
borrowing excluding current portion’.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ secured long term foreign currency non-convertible bonds,

OF WHICH : UNSECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY SUB - ORDINATED DEBT EXCL CURRENT PORTION
1495

Indicator : Of which : unsecured long term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt excl current
portion
Field : unsec_lt_frgn_curr_subord_debt_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of the non-current portion of long term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt raised
by a company, i.e. sub-ordinated debt with a maturity period of more than 12 months. It is termed as ‘unsecured
long term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt excl current portion’ in Prowess.
This data field captures the value of those companies’ unsecured long term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt,
which has been reported as a net figure, after excluding the current portion thereof. In case a company reports a
portion and reports the net figure in this data field.

1496 U NSECURED LONG TERM FOREIGN SUPPLIERS ’ CREDIT EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Unsecured long term foreign suppliers’ credit excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_foreign_suppl_crd_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of credit granted by foreign suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital
goods to a company, which is long term and unsecured in nature. Suppliers’ credit is distinct from sundry creditors,
the difference being the nature of goods that have been supplied.
Unsecured foreign suppliers’ credit would mean credit which is not backed by a lien on the assets of the beneficiary
of the credit (the company). The absence of any security means that such a credit is high risk. In case the company
has not classified foreign suppliers’ credit as secured or unsecured then the same is reported in this data field,
provided it is not payable within a period of one year from the balance sheet date.
liabilities into current and non-current portions. In other words, it requires the separate disclosure of long term and
short term borrowings. This field is one among the many introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by
companies in accordance with the revised Schedule VI format. Such data is usually available from the financial
year 2011-12 onwards.
unsecured long term foreign suppliers’ credit which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

L ONG TERM LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS ( INDIVIDUALS ) EXCL CURRENT
PORTION 1497

Indicator : Long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals) excl
current portion
Field : lt_loans_from_promoters_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
is captured.
This data field is relevant only for companies other than banks, since banks are not required to adhere to the
onwards.
those companies’ long term borrowings from promoters, directors and shareholders, which have been reported net
of the current portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS ( INDIVIDUALS ) EXCL
1498 CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals)
excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_loans_from_promoters_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The outstanding value of secured long term loans taken by the company from its promoters, directors and share-
holders is reported in this data field. By default, such loans are unsecured in nature. Therefore, only if a company
explicitly specifies that these loans are secured, then they are captured in this data field.
The amount captured in this data field is restricted to such loans taken from promoters, directors or shareholders in
their capacities as individuals, and not from business entities. If the promoter or shareholder is a company then it
is reported under loan from group and associate companies and not under this field.
onwards.
those companies’ secured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders, which have been reported

U NSECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS EXCL CURRENT
PORTION 1499

Indicator : Unsecured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders excl
current portion
Field : unsec_lt_loans_from_promoters_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any unsecured long term loan taken by a company from its promoters/directors/shareholders, where such pro-
moters, directors and shareholders are individuals, is captured in this data field. If the promoter or shareholder is
another business entity, then the loan is classified as a loan from group and associate companies and not as loan
from promoters/directors/shareholders.
Generally, such loans are unsecured and are reported in this data field by default. However, if a company specifies
that these loans are secured then they are reported in a similar data field under secured borrowings.
On the other hand, unsecured loans are not backed by any security. Hence, they are high risk and command a
higher rate of interest in order to compensate for the risk attached.
those companies’ unsecured long term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders which have been reported

1500 L ONG TERM INTER - CORPORATE LOANS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Long term inter-corporate loans excl current portion
Field : lt_corporate_loans_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures inter-corporate loans that have been taken on a long term basis, net of the current portion.
The Prowess database captures secured and unsecured long term inter-corporate borrowings separately. This data
field is the sum of these two and it therefore represents the total outstanding long term inter-corporate loans of the
company.
onwards.
those companies’ long term inter-corporate loans which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM INTER - CORPORATE LOANS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1501

Indicator : Secured long term inter-corporate loans excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_corporate_loans_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures inter-corporate loans that have been taken on a long term basis. The Prowess database
total outstanding value of secured long term inter-corporate loans, net of the current portion thereof.
as well.
onwards.
of those companies’ secured long term inter-corporate loans which have been reported net of the current portion
thereof.
Secured long term inter-corporate loans can be sub-classified into loans taken from subsidiary companies, from
group and associate business enterprises, and from other business enterprises. Accordingly, this data field has three
sub-categories.

1502 S ECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term loans from subsidiary companies excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_loans_from_subs_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
companies, from group companies & associated business enterprises, or from any other company. This data field
captures secured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company on a long term basis, from its subsidiary
companies.
onwards.
those companies’ secured long term loans from subsidiary companies which have been reported net of the current
portion thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM GROUP AND ASSOC . BUSINESS ENTERPRISES EXCL CURRENT PORTION
1503

Indicator : Secured long term loans from group and assoc. business enterprises excl current
portion
Field : sec_lt_loans_from_assoc_ent_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
field captures secured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company on a long term basis, from other
companies belonging to the same business group/other associate business enterprises.
onwards.
the value of those companies’ secured long term loans from group and associate business enterprises, which have
been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1504 S ECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term loans from other business enterprises excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_loans_from_oth_ent_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
companies that are neither subsidiaries nor group companies & associated business enterprises.
This data field captures the secured portion of long term loans from other business enterprises.
onwards.
the value of those companies’ secured long term inter-corporate loans from sources other than subsidiary companies
or group/associated business enterprises, which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM INTER - CORPORATE LOANS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1505

Indicator : Unsecured long term inter-corporate loans excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_corporate_loans_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
that have been taken on a long term basis, i.e. for a period exceeding 12 months. The Prowess database cap-
tures secured and unsecured long term inter-corporate borrowings separately. This data field pertains to the total
outstanding value of unsecured long term inter-corporate loans.
On the other hand, unsecured borrowings are not backed by any security. Hence, they are high risk and command
a high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached.
This data field stores the outstanding value of unsecured long term borrowings by the company from business
enterprises, excluding banks and financial institutions. These include loans from subsidiaries, group or associate
companies. However, loans taken from banks and financial institutions are not included here, since they are cap-
tured separately.
onwards.
those companies’ unsecured long term inter-corporate loans which have been reported net of the current portion
thereof.
Inter-corporate loans can be sub-classified into loans taken from subsidiary companies, from group and associate
business enterprises, and from other business enterprises. Accordingly, unsecured long term inter-corporate loans
have three sub-categories.

1506 U NSECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Unsecured long term loans from subsidiary companies excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_loans_from_subs_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
companies and from group companies & associated business enterprises.
This data field captures unsecured loans that have been taken by a company from its subsidiaries on a long term
basis, i.e. for a period exceeding 12 months.
high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures a company’s unsecured long
onwards.
of those companies’ unsecured long term loans from subsidiary companies which have been reported net of the

U NSECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM GROUP & ASSOCIATE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES EXCL CURRENT
PORTION 1507

Indicator : Unsecured long term loans from group & associate business enterprises excl
current portion
Field : unsec_lt_loans_from_assoc_ent_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are, simply put, loans provided by one company to another. They can be sourced from any
company, including subsidiary companies, or group companies & associated business enterprises. This data field
captures unsecured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company on a long term basis, from other
companies belonging to the same business group/other associate business enterprises. Loans taken from banks and
financial institutions are not included here, since they are captured separately.
as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures a company’s unsecured long term loans from its
group and associate business enterprises.
onwards.
the value of those companies’ unsecured long term loans from group and associated business enterprises which
have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1508 U NSECURED LONG TERM LOANS FROM OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Unsecured long term loans from other business enterprises excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_loans_from_oth_ent_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are simply defined as loans taken by a company from another. They can be sourced from any
company, including subsidiary companies, or from group companies & associated business enterprises.
This data field captures unsecured loans that have been taken by a company on a long term basis, i.e. for a period
exceeding 12 months, from companies that are neither subsidiaries nor group companies & associated business
enterprises. Loans taken from banks and financial institutions are also not included here, since they are captured
separately.
as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures the value of a company’s unsecured long term
inter-corporate loans from sources other than subsidiaries and group/associated business enterprises.
onwards.
Some companies report the gross value of their long term items with a separate disclosure of the current por-
tion thereof, while some others show long term items net of the current portion. This data field captures the
value of those companies’ unsecured long term inter-corporate loans from sources other than subsidiaries and
group/associated enterprises, which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

L ONG TERM DEFERRED CREDIT EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1509

Indicator : Long term deferred credit excl current portion
Field : lt_deferred_credit_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
goods. Long term deferred credit is usually repayable over a period exceeding one year.
credit is secured, Prowess captures it as unsecured debt.
This data field represents the sum of secured and unsecured long term deferred credit. It is relevant for all companies
other than banks, since banks are not required to adhere to the revised schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956.
and liabilities into current and non-current portions
onwards.
the value of those companies’ long term deferred credit which has been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1510 S ECURED LONG TERM DEFERRED CREDIT EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term deferred credit excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_deferred_credit_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for a block of years. Such liabilities are usually pertaining to capital expenditures and dues to the government. Such
credits are usually granted by the government authorities for industry promotion or backward area development or
by suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods. Long term deferred credit would essentially mean
liabilities which are allowed a deferment of a period exceeding one year.
secured, then the same is reported in this data field accordingly. This data field is used to capture the value of long
term deferred credit which has been expressly classified by a company to be secured in nature.
the value of those companies’ secured long term deferred credit which has been reported net of the current portion
thereof.

S ECURED LONG TERM DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS / BUYER CREDIT EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1511

Indicator : Secured long term domestic suppliers / buyer credit excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_domestic_suppliers_credit_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Suppliers’ credit generally relates to credit for imports into India extended by overseas suppliers or financial in-
stitutions outside India. However, there are cases of credit extended by domestic suppliers as well. Where "seed
money" to launch the business is needed to cover costs related to equipment, fixtures, supplies, among others, buy-
ers might seek to finance their start-ups with the help of suppliers’ credit. Many suppliers have developed credit
programs whereby they provide goods on credit, to be re-paid with interest, over a specified period. This reduces
an enterprise’s need for short-term loans from banks.
Long term domestic suppliers’ credit falls under the head ’long term deferred credit’. ’Foreign suppliers’ credit’ is
recorded separately, under ’Foreign currency borrowings’.
This data field captures the value of a company’s long term domestic suppliers’ credit, which is secured by a lien
on the company’s assets. It includes secured long term credit granted by domestic suppliers of plant and machinery
or other capital goods. It captures suppliers credit from domestic suppliers alone.
as "suppliers’ credit" under unsecured long/short term borrowings respectively, and not here.
the value of those companies’ secured long term domestic suppliers’ credit which has been reported net of the

1512 U NSECURED LONG TERM DEFERRED CREDIT EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Unsecured long term deferred credit excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_deferred_credit_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for a block of years. Such liabilities are usually pertaining to capital expenditures and dues to the government.
Deferred credits are usually granted by the government authorities for industry promotion or backward area devel-
opment or by suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods. Long term deferred credit would essentially
mean liabilities which are allowed a deferment of a period exceeding one year.
secured, then the same is captured accordingly. This data field is used to capture the value of unsecured long term
deferred credit.
Deferred credit for sales tax (commonly referred to as sales tax deferral) is the most common example of deferred
credit. It involves the government permitting a company to postpone its sales tax payments for a block of years.
The sales tax liability for the said years is accumulated and shown as ’Sales Tax Deferred’ in the company’s balance
sheet. The payment of this liability commences after the agreed moratorium period lapses.
machinery, give the company a longer time to clear dues if the amount involved is large. However, foreign suppliers’
credit is excluded from the purview of this data field, since it is captured separately, under the group ’foreign
currency borrowings’. Hence, this field only includes domestic suppliers’ credit.
those companies’ unsecured long term deferred credit which has been reported net of the current portion thereof.

U NSECURED LONG TERM DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS / BUYERS CREDIT EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1513

Indicator : Unsecured long term domestic suppliers / buyers credit excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_domestic_suppliers_credit_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Suppliers’ credit usually pertains to credit on imports extended by overseas suppliers or financial institutions outside
India. However, there are certain cases of credit being extended by domestic suppliers as well. Buyers might seek
to cover costs related to equipment, fixtures, supplies, among others, for their start-up businesses, with the help
of suppliers’ credit. Many suppliers have developed credit programs whereby they provide goods on credit, to be
re-paid with interest, over a specified period. This reduces an enterprise’s reliance on banks for short-term loans.
Long term domestic suppliers’ credit falls under the head ’long term deferred credit’. ’Foreign suppliers’ credit’,
on the other hand, is recorded separately, under ’Foreign currency borrowings’.
operating activities such as purchase of goods, materials and services. Here, credit is availed in the normal course
of business with no extra cost.
On the other hand, suppliers’ credit is in the nature of a loan for capital goods. Although it is usually payable within
a year, it can extend to beyond a year when the quantum of capital goods supplied and the amount involved is large.
This is particularly so in the case of sectors like power and telecommunication where large and costly machinery
is bought and where installation of such machinery takes a long time.
This data field captures the value of a company’s long term domestic suppliers’ credit, which are not secured by a
charge on the company’s assets.
as unsecured.
long term items net of the current portion. This data field captures the value of those companies’ unsecured long
term domestic suppliers’ credit, which has been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1514 I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ( LONG TERM ) ON BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Interest accrued and due (long term) on borrowings excl current portion
Field : lt_int_accr_due_borr_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures Interest accrued and due (long term) on borrowings excl current portion.

I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ( LONG TERM ) ON SECURED BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1515

Indicator : Interest accrued and due (long term) on secured borrowings excl current portion
Field : lt_int_accr_due_sec_borr_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
are termed as interest accrued & due. These are reported in this data field.
The revised schedule VI, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements, mandates the disclosure of assets &
liabilities into current & non-current portions. Accordingly, companies report the current portion & non-current
This data field captures the amount of interest accrued & due on long term borrowings which are both secured
excluding current portion.

1516 I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ( LONG TERM ) ON UNSECURED BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Interest accrued and due (long term) on unsecured borrowings excl current portion
Field : lt_int_accr_due_unsec_borr_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures Interest accrued and due on on unsecured long term borrowings excluding current portion.

L ONG TERM MATURITIES OF FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1517

Indicator : Long term maturities of finance lease obligations excl current portion
Field : lt_mat_fin_lease_obligations_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the outstanding value of the non-current portion of finance lease obligations. Thus, the amount
of lease obligations due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date are excluded from this data field.
This value is called the long term maturities of finance lease obligations excluding current portion.
both.
This data field captures the net figure of outstanding finance lease obligation, after excluding the current portion
thereof. In case a company reports gross value of its long term items with a separate disclosure of the current
portion, Prowess deducts the current portion of finance lease obligations and reports the net amount in this data
field.

1518 S ECURED LONG TERM MATURITIES OF FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured long term maturities of finance lease obligations excl current portion
Field : sec_lt_mat_fin_lease_obligations_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The outstanding value of finance lease obligations as on the balance sheet date is called the long term maturities of
finance lease obligations.
The classification of finance lease obligations as secured and unsecured is disclosed separately in the schedule of
borrowings in the balance sheet. The secured portion of finance lease obligations, excluding the amount that is due
for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date, is captured in this data field.
Secured finance lease obligations are usually secured by the hypothecation of leased assets.
This data field captures the net figure of outstanding secured finance lease obligation, after excluding the current
portion thereof. In case a company reports gross value of its long term items with a separate disclosure of the
current portion, Prowess deducts the current portion of finance lease obligations and reports the net amount in this
data field.

U NSECURED LONG TERM MATURITIES OF FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1519

Indicator : Unsecured long term maturities of finance lease obligations excl current portion
Field : unsec_lt_mat_fin_lease_obligations_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The outstanding value of finance lease obligations as on the balance sheet date is called the long term maturities of
finance lease obligations.
borrowings in the balance sheet. The unsecured portion of finance lease obligations, excluding the amount that is
due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date, is captured in this data field.
This data field captures the net figure of outstanding unsecured finance lease obligation, after excluding the current
portion thereof. In case a company reports gross value of its long term items with a separate disclosure of the
current portion, Prowess deducts the current portion of finance lease obligations and reports the net amount in this
data field.

1520 L ONG TERM FIXED DEPOSITS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Long term fixed deposits excl current portion
Field : lt_fixed_deposits_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is a financial instrument, usually non-tradeable, that is used by companies other than banks to raise
deposit.
Deposits taken by financial institutions are also included in this data field. Financial institutions are like banks, but
are not allowed to raise deposits like banks do. Therefore, deposits raised by them are captured separately. This
data field also captures deposits raised from the public by non-banking finance companies (NBFCs).
This data field represents the sum of long term fixed deposits raised by non-banking companies from the public,
from promoters/directors or shareholders, and deposits raised by financial institutions & NBFCs.
term fixed deposits which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

L ONG TERM FIXED DEPOSITS FROM PUBLIC EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1521

Indicator : Long term fixed deposits from public excl current portion
Field : lt_fixed_deposits_from_public_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
financial resources directly from retail savers. It is usually unsecured in nature. It offers a fixed or variable rate
of interest on deposits, for a fixed term. If the maturity period exceeds one year, it is classified as long term fixed
deposit.
This data field captures long term fixed deposits accepted by the company from the public.
etc. It also does not include deposits received as guarantees from employees, or received in the form of a security
or an advance in the course of business or otherwise. It also excludes unsecured loans (including fixed deposits) re-
ceived from directors/promoters of the company. Fixed deposits from directors/promoters/shareholders is captured
elsewhere separately.
those companies’ total term bank fixed deposits raised from the public, which have been reported net of the current
portion thereof.

1522
L ONG TERM FIXED DEPOSITS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Long term fixed deposits from promoters, directors and shareholders excl current
portion
Field : lt_fixed_deposits_from_promoters_directors_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is a financial instrument, usually non-tradeable, that non-banking companies use to attract financial
resources directly from retail savers. It is usually unsecured in nature. It offers a fixed or variable interest on
deposits for a fixed term. If the maturity period exceeds one year, it is classified as long term fixed deposit. They
do not include trade deposits, security deposits or other deposits of similar nature.
from the general public or from others. Fixed deposits received by a company from its promoters, directors and
shareholders are captured in this data field.
liabilities into current and non-current portions, i.e. long term and short term. It applies to all companies, except
banks. This field is one among the many that have been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by
non-banking companies in accordance with the revised Schedule VI format, and is not relevant to banks. Such data
is usually available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards.
of those companies’ long term fixed deposits from their promoters, directors and shareholders, which have been

L ONG TERM FIXED DEPOSITS RAISED BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND NBFC S 1523
EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Long term fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs excl current
portion
Field : lt_fixed_deposits_raised_by_fin_inst_nbfcs_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is a financial instrument (usually non-tradeable) that is used by non-banking companies to raise
deposits.
the general public or from others. Deposits taken by financial institutions is another category. Financial institutions
are like banks, but are not allowed to raise deposits like banks do. Therefore, deposits raised by them are captured
separately. This includes deposits raised from the public by non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). This data
field captures such long term fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs.
the value of those companies’ long term fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs which have been

1524 OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Other long term borrowings excl current portion
Field : other_long_term_borrowings_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings are created when a company takes finance from lenders, with a plan to repay the same with interest
over a period. They are also called debt.
their assets and liabilities into non-current and current portions. Accordingly, borrowings are to be classified on the
basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where a lender takes debt with the agreement of repaying it
over a period exceeding 12 months, it is classified as a long term borrowing.
’Other borrowings’ is a classification under which borrowings that are not recorded separately are clubbed together,
i.e. it is a head for residual non-categorised debt. Thus, it includes all borrowings other than those mentioned
below:-
9. Deferred credit
12. Fixed deposits
This data field captures other borrowings that are not expected to be paid off within a period of one year, i.e.
’other long term borrowings’. It includes amounts reported by companies in their Annual Reports as "borrowings
from other sources". It is relevant only for non-banking companies, since banks are not required to adhere to the

OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1525
onwards.
those companies’ other long term borrowings which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1526 S ECURED OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Secured other long term borrowings excl current portion
Field : sec_other_lt_borrowings_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings can be defined as finance taken from lenders, with a plan to repay the same with interest over a period.
They are also called debt.
9. Deferred credit
12. Fixed deposits
long term borrowings’, and which are secured in nature.

S ECURED OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1527
onwards.
those companies’ secured other long term borrowings which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1528 U NSECURED OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Unsecured other long term borrowings excl current portion
Field : unsec_other_lt_borrowings_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
9. Deferred credit
12. Fixed deposits
long term borrowings’, and which are not secured by the borrower’s assets.

U NSECURED OTHER LONG TERM BORROWINGS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1529
onwards.
of those companies’ unsecured other long term borrowings which have been reported net of the current portion
thereof.

1530 S UB - ORDINATED DEBT EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Sub-ordinated debt excl current portion
Field : subordinated_debt_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A sub-ordinated debt is a loan (through the issue of bonds / debentures) that ranks below other loans with regards
to claims on assets or earnings of the issuer for the payment of interest and principal. In the case of default, lenders
wouldn’t get paid out until after other loans are paid in full. Therefore, the lender’s risk in subordinate financing
is higher than that of senior debt lenders because the claim on assets is lower. Since sub-ordinated debt lenders
assume higher risk, they charge higher interest than senior debt lenders.
This data field captures non-current portion of such subordinate debt which has been issued by a bank or a finance
company, i.e. it excludes the value of debt that is due for repayment within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
Subordinated debt, therefore, forms a part of a banking or finance company’s non-core capital, i.e. Tier II and
Tier III capital. RBI guidelines state that subordinated debt instruments should be "plain vanilla" with no special
This data field captures the value of those subordinated debts issued by banks/finance companies which have been
reported as a net figure, after excluding the current portion thereof.

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM RBI EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1531

Indicator : Long term borrowings from RBI excl current portion
Field : bank_borr_rbi_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
acts as the banker to banks in India.
The RBI acts as a ’lender of last resort’ to Indian banks. Therefore, banks cn borrow from the RBI on the basis of
eligible securities or any other arrangement. Also, in times of crisis, they can approach the RBI for financial help.
Apart from the RBI, banks can also borrow money from other banking companies. This data field is used to capture
only amounts that a bank borrows from the RBI.
2011-12 onwards, in most cases. This data field captures the value of borrowings from the RBI which are long
term in nature, i.e. which have been taken for a period exceeding 12 months.
those companies’ long term bank borrowings from RBI which have been reported net of the current portion thereof.

1532 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS GUARANTEED BY DIRECTORS EXCL CURRENT PORTION

Indicator : Long term borrowings guaranteed by directors excl current portion
Field : lt_borr_gauranteed_by_directors_ecp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
director.
group

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS GUARANTEED BY DIRECTORS EXCL CURRENT PORTION 1533
the value of those companies’ long term borrowings guaranteed by directors, which have been reported net of the

1534 D EFERRED TAX LIABILITY

Indicator : Deferred tax liability
Field : deferred_tax_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Deferred tax liability / asset arises because of the difference between the profit as computed by using generally
accepted accounting principles and taxable profit as computed using the direct tax laws. Deferred taxes can be
assets as well as liabilities.
If the generally accepted accounting principles lead to the computation of profit that is lower than the taxable profit
computed using direct tax laws then, this gives rise to a deferred tax asset.
Similarly, if the generally accepted accounting principles lead to the computation of profit that is higher than the
taxable profit computed using direct tax laws then, this gives rise to a deferred tax liability.
The present data field refers to the outstanding deferred tax liability at the end of the current accounting period.
Tax laws may allow a 100% depreciation on certain assets acquired by the company, in the year of the acquistion.
This could be a form of promotional accelerated depreciation to enable lower tax payment in a year. But a company
may actually write off the asset over a number of years in its financials – as is usually the case.
For example, a company invests Rs.10 lakh in a machinery for research. As per Income Tax Laws this amount is
fully deductible in the year of purchase. So, the tax filing by the company reflects Rs.10 lakh as depreciation. The
company may, however, in its books depreciate this asset by straight line method @ say, 25%.
The reduction in the tax liability in the first year because of the accelerated depreciation is essentially a reflection
of a tax sop. Therefore, the enhanced profit is not a correct representation of the profits made by the company.
Companies therefore report different profits to shareholders and to tax authorities.
Such a practice gives rise to the difference in the estimation of profits in the year between the presentation in the
Annual Report and the tax returns. The Annual Report shows a lower depreciation and therefore a higher profit
than the profits estimated for tax payments during the year of the acquisition of the machinery. Since the Annual
Report shows higher profits, it also shows a higher tax liability. The excess of this tax liability over that computed
for the tax authorities is deferred tax liability.
In the aforesaid case, assuming a tax rate of 40 per cent, deferred tax liability generated will be 40 per cent of
Rs.7.5 lakh (Rs.10 lakh less Rs.2.5 lakh) or Rs.3 lakh.
In subsequent years, the company would continue to depreciate the machinery in its books based on the straight
line method but, the tax authorities, having permitted accelerated depreciation in the first year would not recognise
this depreciation any more.
Most of the companies report this information at net value. i.e. while there are certain items in the profit and loss
account which give rise to deferred tax liability, there are some other items which give rise to deferred tax asset.
Companies usually disclose the net value of deferred tax assets or liability in their balance sheets. As a result their
balance sheets will have either deferred tax liability or deferred tax asset. CMIE reports this item at gross amount
to the extent the details are available in the Annual Report.

OTHER LONG TERM LIABILITIES 1535

Indicator : Other long term liabilities
Field : other_long_term_liabilities
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Other long term liabilities are a part of the total non-current liabilities in Prowess. Non-current liabilities are those
which would not become due for payment during the normal operating cycle of the company or within 12 months
from the reporting date.
All non-current liabilities other than long term borrowings, deferred tax liability and long term provisions are
classified as ‘Other long term liabilities’ in Prowess.
Other long term liabilities include:
• Long term trade and capital payables and acceptances
• Deposits and advances from customers and employees (long term)
• Interest accrued but not due (long term)
• Other miscellaneous long term liabilities
The total amount of all the above liabilities is captured as other long term liabilities of a company.

1536 L ONG TERM TRADE AND CAPITAL PAYABLES AND ACCEPTANCES

Indicator : Long term trade and capital payables and acceptances
Field : lt_trade_paybl_acceptances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Long term trade payables and acceptances form a part of other long term liabilities in Prowess.
Trade payables are liabilities owed to suppliers, creditors, lenders or vendors for purchases of goods or services
received. This data field captures all long term trade payables, i.e. which are not expected to become due for
payment within next 12 months. It include long term trade payables for goods and services and long term payables
for capital works. Payables for capital projects could be for purchase of fixed assets or for other expenses on capital
projects being undertaken by a company.
Acceptances by a company, which are not expected to mature within the next 12 months also form a part of this
data field. A trade acceptance is a time draft drawn by the seller of goods on a buyer. It is a contractual agreement
where buyer agrees to pay the amount due at a specified date in future. Since the company will have to honor the
payment at a specified date in future, a trade acceptance creates a liability for the company for the goods purchased
or services received.

L ONG TERM TRADE AND CAPITAL PAYABLES 1537

Indicator : Long term trade and capital payables
Field : lt_trade_and_capital_payables
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
received. This data field captures all long term trade payables, i.e. which are not expected to become due for
payment within next 12 months from the balance sheet date. It include long term trade payables for goods and
services and long term payables for capital works. Payables for capital works could be for purchase of fixed assets
or for other expenses on capital projects being undertaken by a company.

1538 L ONG TERM TRADE PAYABLES

Indicator : Long term trade payables
Field : lt_trade_payables
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
received. This data field captures long term trade payables, i.e. which are not expected to become due for payment
within next 12 months from the balance sheet date. It include all long term trade payables for goods and services.

L ONG TERM PAYABLES / CREDITORS FOR EXPENSES 1539

Indicator : Long term payables/creditors for expenses
Field : lt_payables_expenses
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1540 L ONG TERM PAYABLES FOR CAPITAL WORKS

Indicator : Long term payables for capital works
Field : lt_trade_payables_capital_works
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
All payables for capital projects which are not expected to become due for payment withing the next 12 months
from the balance sheet date are a part of the non-current liabilities of a company. These payables are captured as
long term payables for capital works in Prowess. Payables for capital works could be for purchase of fixed assets
or for other expenses on capital projects being undertaken by a company.

L ONG TERM ACCEPTANCES 1541

Indicator : Long term acceptances
Field : lt_acceptances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Acceptances by a company, which are not expected to mature within the next 12 months from the balance sheet
date are captured in this data field. A trade acceptance is a time draft drawn by the seller of goods on a buyer. It is
a contractual agreement where buyer agrees to pay the amount due at a specified date in future. Since the company
will have to honor the payment at a specified date in future, a trade acceptance creates a liability for the company
for the goods purchased or services received.

1542 D EPOSITS AND ADVANCES FROM CUSTOMERS AND EMPLOYEES ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Deposits and advances from customers and employees (long term)
Field : lt_deposits_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The non-current portion of all kind of deposits and advances accepted by a company are reported in this data field.
This includes deposits in the form of a security, a trade deposit or a dealer deposit. It includes advances received
from customers for goods and services to be provided by the company and also deposits the company may have
taken from its employees.
The non-current portion of each of the above mentioned items are captured separately in Prowess. This data field
is the sum of all these constituents. The non-current portion is that portion which is unlikely to mature within 12
months from the date of the balance sheet.

L ONG TERM SECURITY DEPOSITS AND TRADE DEPOSITS AND DEALER DEPOSITS 1543

Indicator : Long term security deposits and trade deposits and dealer deposits
Field : lt_security_trade_dealer_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures several kinds of deposits accepted by a company. These are described below.
Security deposit is the money accepted by the company as a security from its customers for the assets given to
them for use. These are usually accepted by companies providing basic services, for instance telephone companies
accept deposits from customers for providing telephone connections and telephone sets whereas gas companies
accept security deposits for LPG cylinders they provide to the customers.
Trade deposits are accepted by companies from their customers in accordance with the norms of the trade.
Dealers deposit is the amount of deposit accepted by the company from its dealers as an assurance on their part to
provide the due services to the company’s customers.
This data field also includes leased deposits (including advances against leased assets), margin money, earnest or
retention money.
Non-refundable deposits are also a non-current liability and hence are reported in this data field.
Prowess reports security deposits, trade deposit, dealers’ deposit under current liabilities even if these are reported
under secured / unsecured borrowings by a company.
Only the non-current portion of deposits is captured here. This is that portion which is not expected to mature
within 12 months from the balance sheet date.

1544 L ONG TERM ADVANCES FROM CUSTOMERS ON CAPITAL ACCOUNT

Indicator : Long term advances from customers on capital account
Field : lt_advances_frm_cust_cap_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Advances accepted by the company on account of sale of assets (other than current assets), such as plant and
machinery, land, building, investments etc or advances received in respect of some capital projects are advances
from customers on capital account. These are reported in this data field.
Only the non-current portion of advances is captured here. This is that portion which is not expected to mature

L ONG TERM ADVANCES FROM CUSTOMERS ON REVENUE ACCOUNT 1545

Indicator : Long term advances from customers on revenue account
Field : lt_advances_frm_cust_rev_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Advances received from customers against the goods to be sold to them or services to be provided, are reported in
this data field. If the company does not specify whether the advances are on capital or revenue account then it is
assumed that they are on revenue account.
Only the non-current portion of advances is captured here. This is that portion which is not expected to mature

1546 L ONG TERM DEPOSITS FROM EMPLOYEES

Indicator : Long term deposits from employees
Field : lt_deposits_frm_empl
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The non-current portion of the deposits accepted by a company from its employees is reported in this data field.
The non-current portion is that portion which is not expected to mature within 12 months from the date of balance
sheet.

I NTEREST ACCRUED BUT NOT DUE ( LONG TERM ) 1547

Indicator : Interest accrued but not due (long term)
Field : lt_int_accrued_but_not_due
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Interest payments on borrowings that are accrued but a re not due for payment as on the date of the balance sheet
are termed as interest accrued but not due. These are reported in this data field.
This data field captures interest accrued of long term loans but not due for payment as on the date of balance sheet.

1548 I NTEREST ACCRUED BUT NOT DUE ON LONG TERM BORROWINGS

Indicator : Interest accrued but not due on long term borrowings
Field : int_accrued_but_not_due_lt_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Interest payments on borrowings that are accrued but are not due for payment as on the date of the balance sheet
This data field captured interest accrued but not due on long term borrowings.

I NTEREST ACCRUED AND NOT DUE ON SECURED BORROWINGS ( LONG TERM ) 1549

Indicator : Interest accrued and not due on secured borrowings (long term)
Field : int_accrued_but_not_due_sec_lt_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captured interest accrued but not due on secured long term borrowings.

1550 I NTEREST ACCRUED AND NOT DUE ON UNSECURED BORROWINGS ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Interest accrued and not due on unsecured borrowings (long term)
Field : int_accrued_but_not_due_unsec_lt_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captured interest accrued but not due on unsecured long term borrowings.

I NTEREST ACCRUED ON TRADE PAYABLES ( LONG TERM ) 1551

Indicator : Interest accrued on trade payables (long term)
Field : int_accrued_lt_trade_payables
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Accrued interest is the interest payable that has been recognised but not yet paid.
Interest accrues as soon as the time passes but it is due only on a specific date. This data field captures the amount
of long-term interest accrued on Trade payables. It is a part of non-current liabilities of a company’s Balance Sheet.
The value of Interest accrued on trade payables is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities.
’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under total liabilities in
Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies except for banking companies
are required to present their financial statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies
except for banking companies are required to segregate their assets and liabilities into current and non-current
portions.
Hence, the non-current Interest accrued on trade payables is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Interest
accrued on trade payables (long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Interest
accrued on trade payables (short term)’.
As companies have been presenting their financial statements in the new format only since April 2011, the time-
series for current and non-current liabilities is available only since 2010-11. Such data is not available for years
prior to 2010-11.

1552 I NTEREST ACCRUED ON OTHERS ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Interest accrued on others (long term)
Field : int_accrued_on_oth_lt_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
In some cases companies do not provide the nature of other loans/liabilities.The interest accrued on such
loans/liabilities are captured in this data field.
The total value of Interest accrued on other is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities.
portions.
Hence, the non-current Interest accrued on other loans/liabilities is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Interest
accrued on others (long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Interest accrued on
others (short term)’.
prior to 2010-11.

D EFERRED INCOME ( LONG TERM ) 1553

Indicator : Deferred income (long term)
Field : lt_liab_deferred_income
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1554 N ON - CURRENT REGULATORY DEFERRAL LIABILITIES

Indicator : Non-current regulatory deferral liabilities
Field : non_curr_regulatory_deferral_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Regulatory deferral asset, liabilities, income & expenses is applicable to companies which conducts rate-regulated
activities. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) has issued a ’Guidance Note on Accounting
for Rate Regulated Activities’ which is applicable w.e.f. 1st April, 2015 to entities that provide goods or services
whose prices are subject to cost of service regulations and the Tariff determined by the regulator is binding on
the customers (beneficiaries).From the application of Ind AS for financial reporting, such rate regulated items
are to be accounted for as per Ind AS 114- ’Regulatory Deferral Accounts.’ Ind AS 114 allows an entity to
continue to apply previous GAAP accounting policies.For example:- S J V N LTD. is primarily engaged in the
business of generation and sale of power which is subject to cost of service regulation, hence it is applicable to the
company.Consequently,amount to the extent recoverable from or payable to the beneficiaries in subsequent periods
as per CERC Tariff Regulations are accounted as ’Regulatory asset/liability’ and adjusted from the year in which
the same becomes recoverable from or payable to the beneficiaries through regulatory income/expense.
This field capture the regulatory deferral liabilities which is going to be settled after the period of 12 month from
balance sheet date.

L EASE EQUALISATION LIABILITIES / RESERVE ( LONG TERM ) 1555

Indicator : Lease equalisation liabilities/reserve (long term)
Field : lt_lease_equalisation_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Ind AS 17 lease payments under an operating lease shall be recognised as an expenseon a straight-line basis
over the lease term unless another systematic basis ismore representative of the time pattern of the user’s benefit.
Hence straight lining of lease payment would result in difference between recognition of expenses & its payment,
consequently an asset or a liabilities for this difference would arise for the period of lease term.
For example:- Company A has provided a building on operating lease to company B for a period of two year
under the terms of payment of lease rental for the year 1 at Rs.10000 and for the year 2 at Rs. 20000. As per the
process of straight lining of lease rental, Company B would book Rs. 15000 as an expenses in profit or loss with
corresponding creation of a lease equalisation liability of Rs.5000 in the year 1. Lease rent by straight lining of
Rs. 15000 is derived by totalling up all the lease rental payments and dividing it by the number of lease term. In
year 2, Company B would book Rs 15000 as an expenses in profit or loss with corresponding settlement of lease
equalisation liability of Rs.5000.
Companies report this lease equalisation liability differently under financial liabilities or non financial liabilities
or under provision.Out of the process of normalisation, we capture non current portion of the lease equalisation
liabilities in this field under ’Other long term non-financial liabilities’.

1556 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS LONG TERM LIABILITIES

Indicator : Other miscellaneous long term liabilities
Field : other_misc_lt_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is a residuary data field. Any long term liability which cannot be captured under any of the specific heads,
which form a part of long term liabilities in Prowess, is reported in this data field.

L ONG TERM PROVISIONS 1557

Indicator : Long term provisions
Field : long_term_provisions
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The accounting principles of conservatism and prudence require that companies not only record liabilities that have
been incurred, but also make provisions for potential liabilities. A provision is usually made for a possible future
Provisions are meant to set aside an amount to provide for a known liability. The liability should be a present
obligation, which has arisen as a result of a past event and where payment is probable, and the amount can be
estimated reliably.
their assets and liabilities into non-current and current portions. Similarly, a company’s provisions can be classified
on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ (non-current) and ’short term’ (current) portions. Accordingly, a long
term provision is one that is created to take care of a long term liability, i.e. a liability that is not expected to become
due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date. Hence, such provisions will remain outstanding
in the balance sheet for a period exceeding 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field captures the
aggregate outstanding value of all of a company’s long term provisions.
onwards. It is likely to arise only in the case of non-banking financial institutions, since banks are not expected to
adhere to the revised schedule VI.
This data field captures the aggregate value of a company’s long term provisons, and can be broadly sub-classified
into the following:-
• Corporate tax provision (long term)
• Other direct & indirect tax provisions (long term)
• Provision for employee benefits (long term)
• Provision for long term trade receivables, long term advances & NPAs; and
• Other long term provisions
Each of the above provisions are captured separately. This data field is the sum of all the above provisions.

1558 C ORPORATE TAX PROVISION ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Corporate tax provision (long term)
Field : lt_corporate_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
estimated reliably.
aggregate outstanding value of all of a company’s long term corporate tax provisions.
Corporate tax provisions (long term) are provisions made by a company for its liabilities towards corporate tax
dues, which are not expected to become due within 12 months from the balance sheet date. These provisions are
made on the basis of taxable profits and not book profits.
This data field records the gross provision for corporate taxes. If a company reports tax provision net of advance
taxes paid then Prowess adds back the advance tax and reports this separately under loans and advances.

OTHER DIRECT & INDIRECT TAX PROVISIONS ( LONG TERM ) 1559

Indicator : Other direct & indirect tax provisions (long term)
Field : lt_oth_direct_indirect_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
estimated reliably.
aggregate outstanding value of all of a company’s long term provisions towards its direct & indirect tax liabilities.
This data field captures the value of a company’s provisions for all other direct taxes (other than corporate tax
provisions) and indirect taxes. Other direct tax provisions cover taxes like wealth tax and agricultural tax and
indirect taxes include taxes like excise duty, sales tax, etc. By long term provisions for other direct & indirect taxes,
we can imply that these tax liabilities or the payments for these taxes are not expected to become due within a
This data field captures the aggregate of a company’s long term provisions towards an array of direct & indirect tax
liabilities. It represents the sum of long term provisions towards the following:-
• Wealth tax provision (long term)
• Agricultural tax provision (long term)
• Provision for indirect taxes (long term); and
• Other direct tax provisions (long term)

1560 W EALTH TAX PROVISION ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Wealth tax provision (long term)
Field : lt_wealth_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of the long term provisions created by a company towards its wealth
tax liabilities.
estimated reliably.
outstanding value of a company’s long term provisions towards its wealth tax liabilities, which are not expected to
become due within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.
Net wealth means the excess of assets over debts. Wealth tax is levied at the rate of one per cent on the amount by
which the assessee’s net wealth exceeds Rs.30 lakh. The tax is to be paid year after year based on market value,
whether or not such property yields any income.
Wealth tax is levied only on the value of those assets (including deemed assets but excluding exempt assets) as
defined under section 2(e/a) after deduction of debts which are incurred in relation to such assets therefrom.
The term assets as per the Wealth Tax Act includes the following:
1. House - whether used for residential or commercial purposes or for maintaining a guest house or a farm house
in an urban area, except those exclusively meant for residential purposes and allotted by a company to an em-
ployee, houses held as stock-in-trade, occupied for the assessee’s business or profession, residential properties
let out for a minimum 300 days during a previous year and commercial establishments or complexes.
2. Motor cars (except those used in hiring business or held as stock-in-trade
3. Jewellery (excluding stock-in-trade)
4. Yachts, boats and aircraft (other than those used for commercial purposes)

W EALTH TAX PROVISION ( LONG TERM ) 1561
5. Land situated in an urban area

1562 AGRICULTURAL TAX PROVISION ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Agricultural tax provision (long term)
Field : lt_agricultural_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of the long term provisions created by a company towards its agri-
cultural tax liabilities.
reliably estimated.
various state governments on a company’s income that it taxable as agricultural income.
on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ (non-current) and ’short term’ (current) portions. Accordingly, a
long term provision is one that is created to take care of a long term liability, i.e. a liability that is not expected
to become due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date. Hence, such provisions will remain
outstanding in the balance sheet for a period exceeding 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field
captures the outstanding value of a company’s long term provisions towards its agricultural tax liabilities, which
are not expected to become due within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.

P ROVISION FOR INDIRECT TAXES ( LONG TERM ) 1563

Indicator : Provision for indirect taxes (long term)
Field : lt_indirect_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of the long term provisions created by a company towards its indirect
tax liabilities. Indirect taxes include taxes like excise duty, sales tax, service tax, etc.
Unlike direct taxes, where taxes are levied and collected directly from the assessee earning income from sales,
indirect taxes are collected at various points during the course of production and sales/delivery of both goods and
services. Also, a large part of the burden of taxation is passed onto consumers.
reliably estimated.
outstanding value of a company’s long term provisions towards its indirect tax liabilities, which are not expected
to become due within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.

1564 OTHER DIRECT TAX PROVISION ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Other direct tax provision (long term)
Field : lt_oth_direct_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of the long term provisions created by a company towards its direct
tax liabilities, other than corporate tax, wealth tax and agricultural income taxes. Also, where a company reports a
liability item like ’provisions towards direct taxes’, without specifying which kind of direct tax it is, it is captured
in this field. It usually mainly includes long term provisions towards fringe benefit tax.
reliably estimated.
on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ (non-current) and ’short term’ (current) portions. Accordingly, a
long term provision is one that is created to take care of a long term liability, i.e. a liability that is not expected
to become due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date. Hence, such provisions will remain
outstanding in the balance sheet for a period exceeding 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field
captures the outstanding value of a company’s long term provisions towards its other direct tax liabilities, which
are not expected to become due within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.

P ROVISION FOR EMPLOYEE BENEFITS ( LONG TERM ) 1565

Indicator : Provision for employee benefits (long term)
Field : lt_prov_for_empl_benefits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Accounting Standard 15 (AS-15) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India deals with ’Employee
Benefits’. The definition of ’Employee Benefits’ as can be construed therefrom is that it includes all forms of
consideration given by an employer to an employee in exchange for services rendered.
This data field captures the value of long term provisions made by a company for employee benefits like pay-
ment towards employees’ gratuity or towards voluntary retirement schemes or towards any other issues related to
compensation of employees.
reliably estimated.
due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field captures the outstanding value of a
company’s long term provisions towards employee benefits.
This data field captures the aggregate value of all of a company’s long term provisions towards employee benefits.
It can be classified into three categories, namely:-
• Provision for gratuity (long term)
• Provision for VRS (long term); and
• Long term provision for other employee related issues (leave, wage agreement, etc.)
Each of the above provisions are captured separately. This data field is the sum of these provisions.

1566 P ROVISION FOR GRATUITY ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Provision for gratuity (long term)
Field : lt_prov_for_gratuity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Gratuity is a form of employee benefit. It is a lump sum payment made to employees on the basis of the duration of
their service. Gratuity is payable at the time of cessation of an individual’s employee, either by way of resignation,
death, retirement, or by way of termination of service. The last drawn salary is considered as a basis for calculation
of gratuity payable. Gratuity payments in India are governed by the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972.
This data field captures the outstanding value of the long term provision made by a company for the payment of
gratuity to its employees.
reliably estimated.
company’s long term provisions for gratuity payments.

P ROVISION FOR VRS ( LONG TERM ) 1567

Indicator : Provision for vrs (long term)
Field : lt_prov_for_vrs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is considered to be a humane technique that a company can implement in
order to trim its workforce. A company might want to dispose off its excess manpower in order to cut costs and
improve its performance. Under the VRS, employees who have put in 20 or more number of years of service are
given an option to opt for early retirement, for which they are given certain benefits and a lump-sum amount in lieu
of the foregone period of their employment, when they leave the company.
This data field captures the outstanding value of a company’s long term provisions for the payment of VRS benefits
to employees opting for the scheme.
reliably estimated.
company’s long term provisions for meeting its VRS liabilities.

1568 L ONG TERM PROVISION FOR OTHER EMPLOYEE RELATED ISSUES ( LEAVE , WAGE AGREEMENT, ETC .)

Indicator : Long term provision for other employee related issues (leave, wage agreement,
etc.)
Field : lt_prov_oth_empl_issues
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures all long term provisions made by a company towards payments to be made to employ-
ees, with respect to employee benefits other than gratuity and VRS. Such ’other employee related issues’ includes
employee benefits like bonus, leave encashment, leave travel assistance, performance-related pay/incentive, super-
annuation fund, pension fund, wage revision, etc. It also includes provisions made by a company that are simply
reported as ’long term provision for employee benefits’ and the like, wherein the type of benefit is not specified.
reliably estimated.
company’s long term provisions for other employee related issues.

P ROVISION FOR LONG TERM TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES , LONG TERM ADVANCES & NPAS 1569

Indicator : Provision for long term trade and other receivables, long term advances & npas
Field : prov_lt_trade_recv_adv_npa
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of the long term provisions created by a company for meeting po-
tential losses that could arise on account of default on the part of trade receivables, loans & advances, and non-
performing assets (NPAs) in the case of non banking finance companies).
Although some companies might report the value of provisions for doubtful assets separately, most of them usually
report provisions for doubtful assets in the schedules/notes to accounts pertaining to the asset classes, i.e. trade
receivables, advances, etc, wherein they are deducted from the gross value of the asset so as to arrive at the value
of the asset net of provision for the doubtful portion. For instance, companies might report the value of trade
receivables net of provision for doubtful trade receivables. However, Prowess captures the gross value of the asset
classes without deducting the value of the doubtful portion, and presents the provision for doubtful assets separately,
wherever it is possible.
reliably estimated.
company’s long term provisions for doubtful long term trade receivables, long term advances and NPAs.
The data captured in this particular field can be segregated into two categories, for which separate fields are available
in Prowess, namely:-
• Provision for trade receivables (long term); and
• Provision for advances & npas (long term)
However, it is not necessary that the amount captured in this field has to be be allocated among the child fields.
This is because sometimes, companies might simply report an item in the like of ’provision for doubtful assets’
without showing how much pertains to trade receivables, and how much relates to loans & advances, etc.
adhere to the revised schedule VI. Banks are not required to segregate their provisions for doubtful assets into long
term and short term sections. Provisions for doubtful assets and NPAs pertaining to banks can be found in the ’auto
calculations’ section of indicators of the query builder.

1570 P ROVISION FOR DOUBTFUL TRADE RECEIVABLES ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Provision for doubtful trade receivables (long term)
Field : prov_lt_trade_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of the long term provisions created by a company for meeting poten-
tial losses that could arise on account of default on the part of its trade receivables. In other words, it captures the
outstanding value of a company’s long term provisions for doubtful trade receivables.
From the point of view of any company, ’trade receivables’ refer to amounts that are due to be received by it on
account of goods sold and/or services rendered in the normal course of business. Prior to the revised schedule VI,
trade receivables were known as ’sundry debtors’. The revised schedule VI not only required the renaming of the
term, but also invoked a slight change in the definition/scope of the term so that it now no longer includes amounts
due on account of other contractual obligations.
Doubtful trade receivables (whether secured or unsecured) are those which are considered doubtful in terms of
credit-worthiness, i.e. there is a perception of a high risk of default with respect to this class of receivables. In other
words, it is that class of a company’s trade receivables for which a company has braced itself to expect a substantial
or a complete default. Accordingly, the company creates a provision for the same.
reliably estimated.
Although some companies might report the value of provisions for doubtful trade receivables separately, most of
them usually report provisions for doubtful trade receivables in the schedules/notes to accounts pertaining to trade
receivables, wherein they are deducted from the gross value so as to arrive at the value of trade receivables net of
the provision for the doubtful portion. However, Prowess captures the gross value without deducting the value of
the doubtful portion, and presents the provision for doubtful trade receivables separately, wherever it is possible.
term provision is one that is created to take care of a long term liability, i.e. a liability that is not expected to
become due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field captures the outstanding
value of a company’s provisions for doubtful long term trade receivables. Being long term in nature, this provision
is expected to stay in the company’s books for more than a year from the current balance sheet date.
This field is one among the many that have been introduced to capture the disclosures made by companies in
accordance with the revised Schedule VI format. Such data is usually available from the financial year 2011-12

P ROVISION FOR LONG TERM ADVANCES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES INCLDG . NPA S 1571

Indicator : Provision for long term advances and other receivables incldg. NPAs
Field : prov_lt_advances_npas
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of the long term provisions created by a company for meeting poten-
tial losses that could arise on account of default on the part of its loans & advances. In other words, it captures the
outstanding value of a company’s long term provisions for doubtful loans and advances in the case of non-finance
companies and long term provisions for non performing assets (NPAs) in the case of finance companies.
A large chunk of a finance company’s assets are in the nature of financial and legal claims on the property and
wealth of other entities. Loans & advances form a major part of a finance company’s assets. An asset becomes
a non-performing when it ceases to generate income. Earlier an asset was considered as a non-performing asset
(NPA) based on the concept of ’Past Due’. An NPA was defined as an asset in respect of which interest and/or
installment of principal has remained ’past due’ for a specific period of time. An amount was considered as past
due, when it remains outstanding for 30 days beyond the due date. With effect from 31 March 2001, however, the
overdue period is calculated from the due date of payment.
Since 31 March 2004, ’90 days overdue’ norms for the identification of NPAs were made applicable in order
to effect a transition towards international best practices and to ensure greater transparency. Hence, NPAs were
defined as loans & advances where:-
• In respect of a term loan, interest and/or installment of principal remains overdue for a period of more than
90 days.
• In respect of an overdraft/cash credit (OD/CC) facility, the account remains ’Out of order’ for a period ex-
ceeding 90 days
• In the case of bills purchased and discounted, the bill remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days
• In the case of direct agricultural advances for short duration crops, where there is an overdue for two crop
seasons. A direct agricultural loan granted for long duration crops will be treated as NPA, if the installment
of principal or interest thereon remains overdue for one crop season. In other cases, identification of NPAs
would be done on the same basis as non-agricultural advances.
• In respect of other accounts, where any amount to be received remains overdue for a period of more than 90
days
This data field stores the outstanding value of of long term provisions made in a finance company’s books in order
to meet the possibility of NPAs.
A non-finance company might also have assets in terms of advances, by way of monies lent to other entities. As in
the case of NPAs of finance companies, it might need to make provisions for doubtful advances.

1572 P ROVISION FOR LONG TERM ADVANCES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES INCLDG . NPA S
reliably estimated.
due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field captures the outstanding value of
a company’s long term provisions for doubtful advances and NPAs. Being long term in nature, this provision is
expected to stay in the company’s books for more than a year from the current balance sheet date.
onwards. It is likely to arise only in the case of non finance companies and non-banking financial companies, since
banks are not expected to adhere to the revised schedule VI.

L ONG TERM PROVISION FOR RESTORATION COSTS 1573

Indicator : Long term provision for restoration costs
Field : lt_prov_restoration_cost
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
According to Ind AS 16- "Property, Plant and Equipment", the cost of dismantling & removing the asset and
restoring the site, that is expected to be incurred on derecognition of the asset, is included in the cost of the asset.
The corresponding effect of this cost is taken as provision for restoration costs.For example provision for mine
closure and restoration charges,provision for decommissioning,restoration & overhaul cost.
This amount is utilised at the time of disposal of the asset, when the entity has to incur expense for dismatling
the asset. Since the actual expense is to be incurred only at the end of the life of the asset, these expenses are
often discounted to their present value on recognition of the provision amount. This discount is the unwinded i.e.,
recorded as finance cost over the life of the asset.
The non current portion of provision outstanding against restoration costs as the balance sheet date are captured in
this data field.

1574 OTHER LONG TERM PROVISIONS

Indicator : Other long term provisions
Field : other_lt_provisions
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is residual in nature, which captures the aggregate of the outstanding values of all long term provi-
sions in the books of a company apart from those which are separately captured in Prowess. Thus it captures the
outstanding value of all long term provisions reported by a company, other than:-
• Corporate tax provision (long term)
• Other direct & indirect tax provisions (long term)
• Provision for employee benefits (long term); and
• Provision for doubtful trade receivables, advances & NPAs (long term)
Other long term provisions include long term provision for premium payable on redemption of bonds, long term
provision for estimated loss on derivatives, long term provision for warranty and long term provision for estimated
loss on onerous contracts. Each of these are captured separately on Prowess. Apart from these, any other long term
provision which cannot be captured elsewhere are also reported in this data field.
reliably estimated.
become due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field captures the aggregate of
the outstanding values of a company’s other long term provisions, which are expected to stay in the company’s
books for more than a year from the current balance sheet date.

L ONG TERM PROVISION FOR PREMIUM PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION OF BONDS 1575

Indicator : Long term provision for premium payable on redemption of bonds
Field : lt_prov_paym_payable_bonds_redemp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding values of the long term provisions created by a company towards premium
payable on bonds and debentures issued. Debentures and bonds are avenues for a company to raise funds through
the debt route. They entitle holders to interest income. Apart from this, debenture and bond holders are also offered
the incentive of a premium payable on the face value at the time of redemption. Companies are required to make a
provision for such premium payable on the redemption of bonds and debentures.
reliably estimated.
become due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field captures the outstanding
value of a company’s long term provision for premium payable on redemption of bonds and debentures, which is
not expected to become due within a period of 12 months from the current balance sheet date.

1576 L ONG TERM PROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOSS ON DERIVATIVES

Indicator : Long term provision for estimated loss on derivatives
Field : lt_prov_estimated_loss_derivatives
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A derivative is a financial instrument which derives its value from the underlying variable like interest rate, forex
rate, financial instrument prices etc. and is settled at specified date.
Financial derivative instruments create rights and obligations that have the effect of transferring between the parties
to the instrument one or more of the financial risks(such as interest rate risk, currency, equity and commodity price
risk, credit risk, etc.) inherent in an underlying primary financial instrument(such as receivables, payables and
equity instruments).These are used for a number of purposes including risk management, hedging, arbitrage in
or between markets, and speculation. These are marketed either over-the-counter (OTC) or through an exchange
(exchange traded).A derivative instrument is classified as fair value through profit & loss and or fair value through
other comprehensive income on the basis of holding it for hedging or trading.There are various types of financial
derivative instruments such as futures, forwards, swaps & options,interest rate caps, collars and floors.
On inception, financial derivative instruments give one party a contractual right to exchange financial assets or
financial liabilities with another party under conditions that are potentially favourable, or a contractual obliga-
tion to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another party under conditions that are potentially
unfavourable. However, they generally do not result in a transfer of the underlying primary financial instrument
on inception of the contract, nor does such a transfer necessarily take place on maturity of the contract. Some
instruments embody both a right and an obligation to make an exchange. Because the terms of the exchange are
determined on inception of the derivative instrument, as prices in financial markets change those terms may become
either favourable or unfavourable.After inception, changes of prices in financial markets which makes terms of the
exchange unfavourable leads to recognition of financial derivative liabilities.
E.g. A forward contract to be settled in six months time in which one party (the purchaser) promises to de-
liver Rs.1,000,000 cash in exchange for Rs.1,000,000 face amount of fixed rate government bonds, and the other
party (the seller) promises to deliver Rs.1,000,000 face amount of fixed rate government bonds in exchange for
Rs.1,000,000 cash. During the six months, both parties have a contractual right and a contractual obligation to ex-
change financial instruments. If the market price of the government bonds rises above Rs.1,000,000, the conditions
will be favourable to the purchaser and unfavourable to the seller; if the market price falls below Rs.1,000,000, the
effect will be the opposite. The purchaser has a contractual right (a financial asset) similar to the right under a call
option held and a contractual obligation (a financial liability) similar to the obligation under a put option written;
the seller has a contractual right (a financial asset) similar to the right under a put option held and a contractual obli-
gation (a financial liability) similar to the obligation under a call option written. As with options, these contractual
rights and obligations constitute financial assets and financial liabilities separate and distinct from the underlying
financial instruments (the bonds and cash to be exchanged). Both parties to a forward contract have an obligation
to perform at the agreed time, whereas performance under an option contract occurs only if and when the holder of
the option chooses to exercise it.
Contracts to buy or sell non-financial items do not meet the definition of a financial instrument because the con-
tractual right of one party to receive a non- financial asset or service and the corresponding obligation of the other
party do not establish a present right or obligation of either party to receive, deliver or exchange a financial asset.
For example, contracts that provide for settlement only by the receipt or delivery of a non-financial item (eg an

L ONG TERM PROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOSS ON DERIVATIVES 1577
option, futures or forward contract on silver) are not financial instruments.However, some contracts to buy or sell
non-financial items that can be settled net or by exchanging financial instruments, or in which the non-financial
item is readily convertible to cash, are within the ambit of financial derivative instrument.
IND AS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation & IND AS 109 Financial Instruments governes the recognition
and presentation of financial derivative instrument.However there is no accounting standard specified in IGAAP
for recognition of financial derivative instrument.The accounting principles of conservatism and prudence require
that companies not only record liabilities that have been incurred, but also make provisions for potential liabili-
ties.Therefore,any provision for estimated loss on derivative reported by companies which is not expected to be-
come due within the period of 12 months from the balance sheet date is captured in this field.In case of IND AS,
this field captures non current portion of derivative financial instruments liabilities.

1578 L ONG TERM PROVISION FOR WARRANTY

Indicator : Long term provision for warranty
Field : lt_prov_warranty
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding values of the long term provisions created by a company towards meeting
warranties.
When companies provide warranties on products that they sell, they need to make a provision for the probability
of the product failing to deliver and thereby invoking a warranty claim. In other words, companies need to make
a provision for warranty expenses that may arise. Such estimates can be established using historical information
on the nature, frequency and average cost of warranty claims, and management estimates regarding possible future
incidence based on corrective actions on product failures. This data field captures the outstanding value of the long
term provision for warranty in the books of a company.
reliably estimated.
a company’s long term provision for warranty costs, which are not expected to arise within a period of 12 months
from the current balance sheet date.

L ONG TERM PROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOSS ON ONEROUS CONTRACTS 1579

Indicator : Long term provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts
Field : lt_prov_estimated_contracts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding values of the long term provisions created by a company for estimated
losses on onerous contracts.
The definition of ’onerous contracts’ is covered in the text of Accounting Standard 29 (AS-29) issued by the Insti-
tute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). It is defined as a contract in which the unavoidable costs of meeting
the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it. ’Unavoidable
costs’ would refer to the lower of the cost of fulfilling the said contract and any compensation/penalty arising from
the failure to fulfil it.
An example of an onerous contract would be the case of a company having entered into a contract to supply goods to
another party at a fixed rate throughout an agreed period. If during the course of this period, the cost of production
of the said product goes up, then the contract will become onerous.
As per AS-29, if a company has a contract that is onerous, the present obligation under the contract is required to
be recognised and measured. However, a provision will be recognised only if the enterprise has a present obligation
due to a past event, if it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to
settle the obligation, and if it is possible to make a reliable estimate of the amount of obligation.
This data field is used to capture the outstanding value of the long term provision created by a company in order to
account for estimated losses on onerous contracts.
reliably estimated.
due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet date.

1580 L ONG TERM PROVISION FOR INVENTORIES INCL PROV FOR SLOW MOVING INVENTORIES

Indicator : Long term provision for inventories incl prov for slow moving inventories
Field : lt_prov_inventories
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

L ONG TERM PROVISION FOR RESTRUCTURING COSTS 1581

Indicator : Long term provision for restructuring costs
Field : lt_prov_restructuring_cost
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A provision shall be recognised when: (a) an entity has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a
past event; (b) it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle
the obligation; and (c) a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If these conditions are not
met, no provision shall be recognised.
We captured non current portion of provision for divestment / restructuring in this field.
For example:- Glaxosmithkline Pharmaceuticals Ltd. reported the provision for divestment / restructuring in the
annual report of 2016-17.We captured it in this field.

1582 C URRENT LIABILITIES & PROVISIONS

Indicator : Current liabilities & provisions
Field : curr_liab_n_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Current liabilities on the balance sheet represent all of the liabilities or debts a company owes to its suppliers,
vendors, banks and others, which must be paid within one year. Current liabilities include short term loans, accounts
payable, acceptances, deposits and advances from customers, accrued liabilities, among others.
Provisions are amounts set aside from the current year’s profits to meet future uncertain liabilities or losses. A
liability may be known but the amount is uncertain. Thus, a provision is the amount of a liability that an entity
elects to recognise now, before it has precise information about the exact amount of the liability. For example, an
entity routinely records provisions for bad debts, taxes, employee benefits, loss on derivative contracts, etc.
This data field captures the total amount of current liabilities and provisions reported by a company as on the date
of the balance sheet.


Field : current_liabilities
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is thus the sum of the following fields in Prowess
1. Short term borrowings
2. Short term trade payables and acceptances
3. Current maturities of long term debt & lease
4. Deposits & advances from customers and employees
5. Interest accrued but not due
6. Share application money and advances - oversubscribed and refundable amount
7. Other current liabilities

1584 S HORT- TERM BORROWINGS

Indicator : Short-term borrowings
Field : short_term_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the short-term borrowings taken by the company. Short term borrowings are borrowings
which have to be repaid within a period of 12 months.
Short-term borrowings are classified as:
• Short-term borrowings from banks
• Short-term borrowings from financial institutions
• Short-term borrowings from central & state government
• Short-term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
• short-term debentures and bonds
• Short-term foreign currency borrowings
• Short-term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders
• Short-term inter-corporate loans
• Short-term deferred credit
• Interest accrued and due on borrowings
• Short-term fixed deposits
• Commercial papers
• Other short-term borrowings

S HORT- TERM BORROWING FROM BANKS 1585

Indicator : Short-term borrowing from banks
Field : st_borr_from_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the short-term borrowings taken by the company from banks.
These short term borrowings have to be repaid by the company within a period of 12 months.
Short-term bank borrowings are classified as:
• Secured short-term bank borrowings
• Unsecured short-term bank borrowings
The secured short-term bank borrowings in Prowess are further classified as ‘Bank Overdraft’ and ’Cash credit’.

1586 S ECURED BANK BORROWINGS ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Secured bank borrowings (short term)
Field : sec_st_borr_from_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the secured short-term bank borrowings disclosed by companies in their annual reports.
When a company borrows money from banks and provides them security in form of some claim over assets in the
event of a default, then such borrowings are termed as secured bank borrowings.
Loans taken from banks for a period of less than 12 months are classified as short term bank borrowings. These
loans are generally for funding the working capital requirements of the company.
Companies usually do not bifurcate their bank borrowings into short term or long term but as working capital loans
and term loans. Working capital loans are necessarily short term borrowings. They can be of the form of cash
credit, bridge loans, packing credit, overdraft, pre-shipment export credit, post-shipment credit or working capital
demand loan. Short term bank borrowings do not include the portion of long-term loans that are payable within the
next 12 months. Where the companies report "bank loans" or "bank borrowings" under current liabilities, without
classifying into short term or long term CMIE reports them in the data field, "Secured short term bank borrowings’.

BANK OVERDRAFT ( SHORT TERM ) 1587

Indicator : Bank overdraft (short term)
Field : sec_st_bank_overdraft
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the funds withdrawn by the company exceeding the funds deposited by the company in a
bank.
An overdraft is a facility granted by the bank to the company enabling the company to carry out debit transactions
even when the amount available on the account is insufficient, and up to a predefined maximum amount agreed
upon by the bank and the company.

1588 C ASH CREDIT ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Cash credit (short term)
Field : sec_st_cash_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cash credit to a company. A cash credit is a short-term loan to a company. A bank provides
short-term cash loans to companies against inventories of goods.

U NSECURED BANK BORROWINGS ( SHORT TERM ) 1589

Indicator : Unsecured bank borrowings (short term)
Field : unsec_st_borr_from_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the unsecured short-term bank borrowings disclosed by companies in their annual reports.
These unsecured short term borrowings have to be repaid by the company within a period of 12 months.
Companies usually do not bifurcate their bank borrowings into short term or long term, but they do classify them
as working capital loans and term loans. Unsecured working capital loans are considered as unsecured short term
bank borrowings. They can be in the form of bridge loans, packing credit, overdraft, pre-shipment export credit,
post-shipment credit, working capital demand loan or short-term loan.

1590 S HORT TERM BORROWING FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING NBFC’ S

Indicator : Short term borrowing from financial institutions including NBFC’s
Field : st_borr_from_fin_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the short-term borrowings taken by the company from the financial institutions.
These short term borrowings from financial institutions have to be repaid by the company within a period of 12
months.
Short-term borrowings from financial institutions are classified as:
• Secured short-term financial institutional borrowings
• Unsecured short term borrowings from financial institutions
If information about foreign currency rupee loan taken by companies from a financial institution is available in the
annual report, then it is captured separately in the data field "Of which: secured foreign currency rupee loans".

S ECURED SHORT TERM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONAL BORROWINGS INCLUDING NBFC’ S 1591

Indicator : Secured short term financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s
Field : sec_st_borr_from_fin_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the secured short term borrowings taken by the company from financial institutions. The
amount captured in this data field essentially represents;
1. that the loan is taken from a financial institution or institutions
2. that the loan was taken for a period of less than an year
3. and, that the loan is secured by some asset.
Such loans taken by companies from financial institutions can be either by mortgaging or hypothecating or pledging
some or all of its fixed and/or current assets. Such secured short term borrowings from financial institutions have
to be repaid by the company within a period of 12 months.
A company may borrow loans from a single FI or a number of FIs or from a syndication of FIs. All of these as long
as they are secured and for short term are reported in the secured financial institution borrowings.
Examples of domestic financial institutions are as follows; SIDBI, HUDCO, NABARD, IFCI and SFCs. IDBI,
ICICI and IDFC were domestic financial institutions in the past. However, IDBI and ICICI have since merged into
commercial banks with similar names and IDFC converted to a NBFC in August 2006.

1592 OF WHICH : SECURED SHORT TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY RUPEE LOANS

Indicator : Of which: secured short term foreign currency rupee loans
Field : sec_st_foreign_currency_rupee_loan
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the secured short term foreign currency rupee loans taken by the company from financial
institutions.
The secured short term foreign currency loans (in rupees) taken by companies from financial institutions have to
be repaid by the company within a period of 12 months.

U NSECURED SHORT TERM BORROWINGS FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING NBFC’ S 1593

Indicator : Unsecured short term borrowings from financial institutions including NBFC’s
Field : unsec_st_borr_from_fin_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the unsecured short term borrowings taken by the company from financial institutions. The
amount captured in this data field essentially represents;
• that the loan is taken from a financial institution or institutions
• that the loan was taken for a period of less than an year
• and, that the loan is unsecured.
Such loans taken by companies from financial institutions are without mortgaging or hypothecating or pledging
some or all of its fixed and/or current assets. Such unsecured short term borrowings from financial institutions have
to be repaid by the company within a period of 12 months.
A company may borrow loans from a single FI or a number of FIs or from a syndication of FIs. All of these as long
as they are unsecured and for short term are reported in the unsecured financial institution borrowings.
Examples of domestic financial institutions are as follows; SIDBI, HUDCO, NABARD, IFCI and SFCs. IDBI,
ICICI and IDFC were domestic financial institutions in the past. However, IDBI and ICICI have since merged into
commercial banks with similar names and IDFC converted to a NBFC in August 2006.

1594 S HORT TERM BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT

Indicator : Short term borrowings from central & state govt
Field : st_borr_central_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the short term borrowings taken by the company from central and state government.
This indicator sums all of these. It therefore represents the company’s total borrowings from the government.
This field includes all the borrowings from central, state and local governments. Governments may provide assis-
tance or funding to companies in various forms such as grants, subsidies, development funds, tax deferrals, etc.
These are not captured here. This field captures only the money borrowed from the government.

S ECURED SHORT TERM BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT 1595

Indicator : Secured short term borrowings from central & state govt
Field : sec_st_borr_central_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the secured short term borrowings disclosed by companies in their annual reports.
This includes all the secured borrowings from central, state or local governments.
Governments may provide assistance or funding to companies in various forms such as subsidies, grants, develop-
ment funds, tax deferrals, etc.
However, all of these are not reported in this data field. This data field includes only the money borrowed by
companies from the central or state governments against mortgage, hypothecation or pledge of some security.

1596 S ECURED SHORT TERM BORROWINGS FROM G OVERNMENT OF I NDIA

Indicator : Secured short term borrowings from Government of India
Field : sec_st_borr_central_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the secured short term borrowings from the government of India.
The central government may provide assistance / funding to companies in various forms like subsidies, grants,
development funds, tax deferrals etc. However, all of these are not reported in this data field. Only the money
borrowed by companies from the Union government of India against mortgage, hypothecation or pledge of some
security is reported in this data field.

S ECURED SHORT TERM BORROWINGS FROM STATE GOVERNMENTS 1597

Indicator : Secured short term borrowings from state governments
Field : sec_st_borr_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the secured short term borrowings from the state and local governments.
State governments may provide assistance / funding to companies in various forms like subsidies, grants, develop-
ment funds, tax deferrals, etc. However, all of these are not reported in this data field. Only the money borrowed
by companies from the State governments against mortgage, hypothecation or pledge of some security is reported
in this data field.

1598 U NSECURED SHORT TERM BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT

Indicator : Unsecured short term borrowings from central & state govt
Field : unsec_st_borr_central_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the unsecured short term borrowings from all the central and local governments.
These unsecured short term borrowings from central and local governments have to be repaid by the company
within a period of 12 months.

U NSECURED SHORT TERM BORROWINGS FROM G OVERNMENT OF I NDIA 1599

Indicator : Unsecured short term borrowings from Government of India
Field : unsec_st_borr_central_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the unsecured short term borrowings from government of India.
These unsecured short term borrowings from government of India have to be repaid by the company within a period
of 12 months.

1600 U NSECURED SHORT TERM BORROWINGS FROM STATE GOVERNMENTS

Indicator : Unsecured short term borrowings from state governments
Field : unsec_st_borr_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the unsecured short term borrowings from the state and local governments.
These unsecured short term borrowings from the state government have to be repaid by the company within a
period of 12 months.

S HORT TERM BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS 1601

Indicator : Short term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
Field : st_borr_syndicated_banks_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the short term borrowings disclosed by companies without specifying any bifurcation of the
amount of borrowings from banks and that from the financial institution. All such borrowings syndicated across
banks and financial institutions are reported in this data field.
These syndicated short term borrowings from banks and financial institutions have to be repaid by the company
Companies often approach a number of banks and/or financial institutions for loans. When companies require huge
funds, a single bank or a single financial institution usually cannot meet the entire requirement of the company.
company. In such an arrangement, each bank or financial institution has a share in the total borrowings of the
company. Banks and financial institutions do this to spread the risk of lending to one large borrower.
The latter two are a part of bank borrowings or financial institutional borrowing, respectively. Where companies
just provide a composite disclosure of loans taken from banks and financial institutions in their Annual Report, it
does not necessarily mean that the loan is a syndicated loan. Hence only those loans which are specifically reported
by the company in their annual report as "syndicated" are reported in this data field.

1602 S ECURED SHORT TERM BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS

Indicator : Secured short term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
Field : sec_st_borr_syndicated_banks_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total secured borrowings disclosed by companies syndicated across banks and financial
institutions.
Many companies disclose the total secured borrowings in their Annual Reports without giving any bifurcation of
the amount of borrowings from banks and that from financial institutions. All such borrowings syndicated across
These syndicated short term borrowings from banks and financial institutions have to be repaid by the company
Where companies just provide a composite disclosure of loans taken from banks and financial institutions, it does
not necessarily mean that the loan is a syndicated loan. Hence only those loans which are specifically reported by
the company as "syndicated" are reported in this data field.

U NSECURED SHORT TERM BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS 1603

Indicator : Unsecured short term borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
Field : unsec_st_borr_syndicated_banks_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total unsecured borrowings disclosed by companies syndicated across banks and financial
institutions.
Many companies disclose the total unsecured borrowings in their annual report without giving any bifurcation of
the amount of borrowings from banks and that from financial institutions. All such borrowings syndicated across
The latter two are a part of unsecured bank borrowings or unsecured financial institutional borrowing, respectively.
Where companies just provide a composite disclosure of loans taken from banks and financial institutions, it does
not necessarily mean that the loan is a syndicated loan. Hence only those loans which are specifically reported by
the company as "syndicated" are reported in this data field.

1604 S HORT TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Short term debentures and bonds
Field : st_debentures_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total money raised by companies through bonds and debentures. A company can raise
money by issuing securities to potential investors that entitle the investors to the receipt of an agreed amount at an
agreed date i.e. the date of redemption of securities.
The term "Bonds" and "Debentures" are used interchangeably in common parlance. A debenture is like a certificate
of loan or a loan bond evidencing the fact that the company is liable to pay a specified amount with interest.
Debentures and bonds differ from loans as often, they can be traded in the secondary markets. Loans are not traded
in the secondary market.
As per Companies Act, section 2, sub-section 12, ""Debenture" includes debenture stock bonds and any other
securities of a company, whether constituting a charge on the assets of the company or not"
Debentures and bonds generally have a face value and carry interest rates. They are generally issued for a fixed
tenure.
The money raised through debentures and bonds have to be repaid by the company within a period of 12 months.
At the end of the tenure, the company buys back the instruments. It pays the lender/ investor only the face value.
This is because interest was already paid separately on a quarterly or a half yearly basis or on an annual basis. At
the end of the tenure, the instrument is normally surrendered to the company when the company pays back the
money. Sometimes the money is paid back and the bonds and debentures issued to the investor is just cancelled by
the company.
Money raised through debentures and bonds are classified as:
• Secured short term debentures and bonds
• Unsecured short term debentures and bonds

S ECURED SHORT TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1605

Indicator : Secured short term debentures and bonds
Field : sec_st_debentures_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company can raise funds by issuing debt securities to potential investors that entitle the said investors to the
receipt of an agreed amount at an agreed date. Debentures and bonds are examples of such securities.
Debentures and bonds can be either partly, fully or optionally convertible into equity shares, or they might be non-
convertible in nature. Also, they might either be secured or unsecured. In case of secured debentures or bonds,
security holders have a lien over the company’s specific assets. Debentures and bonds can be unsecured also.
Usually, privately-placed debentures are unsecured. This data field captures the value of secured debentures and
bonds that are short term in nature, i.e. they are expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance
sheet date.
ules/notes to accounts section of the annual report. This data field captures the value of a company’s secured
debentures and bonds, which have been issued for a period not exceeding 12 months.
onwards.

1606 N ON - CONVERTIBLE SECURED SHORT TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Non-convertible secured short term debentures and bonds
Field : sec_st_non_convert_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total money raised by companies through debentures and bonds that are not convertible
into ordinary shares of the company at the end of the accounting period.
This data field stores the outstanding value of such non-convertible debentures. When the company does not issue
shares to the investors/lenders at the end of the period, when only money is to be repaid, they are known as non-
convertible debentures.
All debentures are non-convertible unless otherwise mentioned in the Annual Report of the company.

S ECURED SHORT TERM ZERO INTEREST BONDS 1607

Indicator : Secured short term zero interest bonds
Field : sec_st_zero_interest_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount raised by company through zero interest bonds or zero coupon bonds.
Zero interest bond is a debt instrument that does not carry any interest payment. It is issued at a discount to the
face value and is redeemed at par. Zero interest bonds are also termed as discount bonds or deep discount bonds
because they are issued at a discount to the face value.

1608 C ONVERTIBLE SECURED SHORT TERM DEBENTURES

Indicator : Convertible secured short term debentures
Field : sec_st_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total money raised by companies through debentures and bonds that are fully or partly or
optionally convertible into ordinary shares at the end of the accounting period.
This data field stores the outstanding value of such convertible debentures and bonds.

F ULLY CONVERTIBLE SECURED SHORT TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1609

Indicator : Fully convertible secured short term debentures and bonds
Field : sec_st_fully_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total money raised by companies through debentures and bonds that are fully convertible
into equity shares at the end of the accounting period.
Debentures are debt instruments issued by the company to raise resources from potential investors. There is infinite
variety in the characteristics of debentures and bonds. One variant is a convertible debenture or bond. These, at
some predetermined time, get converted, either fully or partly into ordinary shares of the companies.
Fully convertible debentures/bonds are those where the entire amount paid for the debentures/ bonds are converted
into equity shares after a specified period of time.
This data field captures the outstanding amount of such fully convertible debentures and bonds issued by the
company and not converted into shares as of the date of the balance sheet.

1610 PARTLY CONVERTIBLE SECURED SHORT TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Partly convertible secured short term debentures and bonds
Field : sec_st_partly_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total money raised by companies through debentures and bonds that are partly convertible
into equity shares at the end of the accounting period. The remaining debentures and bonds are redeemed on a
pre-determined basis.
variety in the characteristics of debentures and bonds. One variant is a convertible debenture or bond. These, at
some predetermined time, get converted, either fully or partly into ordinary shares of the companies.
Partly convertible debentures/bonds are those where a part of the amount paid for the debentures/ bonds are con-
verted into equity shares after a specified period of time. The remaining debentures/bonds are redeemed on a
pre-determined basis.
This data field captures the outstanding amount of such partly convertible debentures and bonds issued by the
company and not converted into shares as of the balance sheet date.

O PTIONALLY CONVERTIBLE SECURED SHORT TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1611

Indicator : Optionally convertible secured short term debentures and bonds
Field : sec_st_optionally_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total money raised by companies through debentures and bonds that are optionally con-
vertible into equity shares at the end of the accounting period.
variety in the characteristics of debentures and bonds. One variant is a convertible debenture. These, at some
predetermined time, get converted, either fully or partly into ordinary shares of the companies.
When the company gives the investor the option to either take money or take shares at the end of the accounting
period, it is said to have issued optionally convertible debentures and bonds.

1612 U NSECURED SHORT TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Unsecured short term debentures and bonds
Field : unsec_st_debentures_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the sum total of all outstanding unsecured debentures and bonds issued by the company.
This data field reports the unsecured bonds, privately placed debentures and non convertible debentures.
In case of banks, this data field also includes innovative perpetual debt instruments, perpetual non cumulative
preference shares (PNPS), perpetual cumulative preference shares (PCPS), redeemable non-cumulative preference
shares (RNCPS) and redeemable cumulative preference shares (RCPS).

C ONVERTIBLE UNSECURED SHORT TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1613

Indicator : Convertible unsecured short term debentures and bonds
Field : unsec_st_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total unsecured debentures and bonds that are convertible into ordinary shares of the
company at the end of the accounting period.

1614 N ON - CONVERTIBLE UNSECURED SHORT TERM DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Non-convertible unsecured short term debentures and bonds
Field : unsec_st_non_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total unsecured debentures and bonds that are not convertible into ordinary shares of the
This data field stores the outstanding value of such non-convertible debentures. When the company does not issue
shares to the investors/lenders at the end of the period, when only money is to be repaid, they are known as non-
convertible debentures.
All debentures are non-convertible unless otherwise mentioned in the Annual Report of the company.

S HORT TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS 1615

Indicator : Short term foreign currency borrowings
Field : st_foreign_currency_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
From the perspective of an Indian company, a foreign currency borrowing is defined as any loan taken by a company
in a currency other than in Indian rupees. Examples of such loans are loans taken from foreign banks, foreign
currency loans taken from foreign branches of Indian banks, foreign currency loans taken from Indian banks,
loans taken from EXIM banks, loans taken from multinational lending institutions such as the World Bank (WB),
the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the Asian Development Bank (ADB),
external commercial borrowings (ECBs), global depository receipts (GDRs) and American depository receipts
(ADRs).
If the loan has been taken for a period exceeding 12 months, it is classified as a long term loan. Alternatively, if the
tenure is less than 12 months, then it is a short term loan. This data field captures the outstanding value of the sum
of secured and unsecured foreign currency borrowings, which are short term in nature.

1616 S ECURED SHORT TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS

Indicator : Secured short term foreign currency borrowings
Field : sec_st_foreign_currency_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
From the perspective of an Indian company, a foreign currency borrowing is defined as any loan taken in a currency
other than Indian rupees. The sum of all secured short term foreign currency borrowings is reported in this data
field. Secured loans are those which have a lien over specific assets of the company. Examples of such borrowings
are listed below:
1. Loans taken from foreign banks
2. Foreign currency loans taken from foreign branches of Indian banks
3. Foreign currency loans taken from Indian banks
4. Foreign currency loans taken from Indian branches of foreign banks
5. Loans taken from foreign Financial Institutions (including foreign EXIM banks)
6. Loans taken from International Development Institutions like World Bank, Asian Development Bank, etc.
In other words, any secured loan taken in a foreign currency, whether it is taken from India or from abroad and
from any source, for a period of less than 12 months, is reported in this data field.

S ECURED SHORT TERM EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS ( INCLUDING EURO BONDS ) 1617

Indicator : Secured short term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds)
Field : sec_st_borr_through_ecb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An external commercial borrowing (ECB) is an instrument used in India to facilitate access to foreign money by
Indian companies. ECBs include commercial loans in the form of bank loans, suppliers’ credit, securitised instru-
ments like fixed rate bonds such as euro bonds or FCCBs or FCEBs, non-convertible, optionally-convertible or
partially-convertible preference shares, etc. It also includes credit from official export credit agencies and com-
mercial borrowings from the private sector window of multilateral financial institutions such as the International
Finance Corporation, Asian Development Bank, etc.
Secured short term funds raised through each of the sources mentioned above, except foreign supplier’s credit, are
captured in this data field. Foreign supplier’s credit is reported separately.

1618 O F WHICH : SECURED SHORT TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY CONVERTIBLE BONDS

Indicator : Of which : secured short term foreign currency convertible bonds
Field : sec_st_euro_convert_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) are bonds issued by an Indian company expressed in foreign cur-
rency, and the principal and interest in respect of which is payable in foreign currency. Further the bonds are
required to be issued in accordance with the scheme viz., "Issue of foreign currency convertible bonds and ordi-
nary shares (through depository receipt mechanism) scheme, 1993", and subscribed by a non-resident in foreign
currency and convertible into ordinary shares of the issuing company on the basis of any equity related warrants
attached to debt instruments. The policy for ECBs is also applicable to FCCBs. The issue of FCCBs are also
required to adhere to the provisions of Notification FEMA No. 120/RB-2004 dated July 7, 2004 as amended from
time to time.
Foreign Currency Exchangeable Bonds (FCEB) are bonds expressed in foreign currency, the principal and interest
in respect of which is payable in foreign currency, issued by an issuing company and subscribed to by a person
who is a resident outside India, in foreign currency and exchangeable into equity share of another company, to be
called the offered company on the basis of any equity related warrants attached to debt instruments. The FCEB
must comply with the "Issue of foreign currency exchangeable bonds (FCEB) scheme, 2008", notified by the
Government of India.
This data field is an additional information field capturing data on short term foreign currency convertible bonds
(expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the date of issue) and which are secured, i.e. which are
backed by the security of the issuer’s assets.

OF WHICH : SECURED SHORT TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY NON - CONVERTIBLE BONDS 1619

Indicator : Of which : secured short term foreign currency non-convertible bonds
Field : sec_st_frgn_curr_non_conv_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign Currency non-convertible Bonds are bonds issued by an Indian company expressed in foreign currency, and
the principal and interest in respect of which are payable in terms of foreign currency. Such bonds are subscribed
to by non-residents in foreign currency. They are similar to Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) except
that they are not convertible into ordinary shares. On maturity, the issuer pays off the security holder in terms of
foreign currency.
This data field captures the outstanding value of a company’s short term foreign currency non-convertible bonds
(expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the date of issue) and which are secured, i.e. which are
backed by the security of the issuer’s assets.
the revised Schedule VI format. Such data is usually available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards. However,
since it is only applicable to companies other than banks, this data field is only relevant to non-banking companies.

1620 S ECURED SHORT TERM FOREIGN SUPPLIERS ’ CREDIT

Indicator : Secured short term foreign suppliers’ credit
Field : sec_st_foreign_suppl_crd
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign suppliers’ credit can be defined as credit granted by overseas suppliers for imports of capital goods into
India, against a guarantee. Secured credit granted by foreign suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital
goods is reported in this data field.
operating activities such as purchase of goods, materials and services. Suppliers’ credit is obtained generally for
capital goods.
Usually suppliers’ credit is payable within a period of year. However, when the quantum of capital goods is high
and the amount is huge, the credit period may extend beyond one year. This is particularly in the case of sectors
like power and telecommunication where large and costly machinery is bought and where installation of such
machinery takes a long time.
When such foreign suppliers’ credit is reported as secured and is expected to be repaid within a period of one year,
CMIE reports it in this data field. In case the company has not classified foreign suppliers’ credit as secured or
unsecured, then the same is reported as "foreign suppliers’ credit" under unsecured borrowings and not as secured.

U NSECURED SHORT TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS 1621

Indicator : Unsecured short term foreign currency borrowings
Field : unsec_st_foreign_currency_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
From the perspective of an Indian company, any loan taken in a currency other than Indian rupees is a foreign
currency borrowing. Example of such borrowings are as listed below:-
5. Unsecured loans taken from foreign Financial Institutions (including foreign EXIM banks)
6. Unsecured loans taken from International Development Institutions like World Bank, Asian Development
Bank, etc.
This data field captures the value of unsecured short term foreign currency borrowings. In other words, any un-
secured loan taken in a foreign currency, whether it is taken from India or from abroad and from any source for a
period of less than 12 months is reported in this data field.

1622 U NSECURED SHORT TERM EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS ( INCLUDING EURO BONDS )

Indicator : Unsecured short term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds)
Field : unsec_st_borr_through_ecb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign currency borrowings raised by Indian corporates from sources outside India are called "External Commer-
cial Borrowings" (ECBs). These include commercial loans, syndicated loans, floating or fixed rate notes/bonds,
lines of credit from foreign banks, loans from export credit agencies of other countries, foreign currency convertible
bonds, suppliers’ credit, etc.
This data field includes the values of ECBs which are unsecured in nature and which are expected to be repaid
within a period of one year.

OF WHICH : UNSECURED SHORT TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY CONVERTIBLE BONDS 1623

Indicator : Of which : unsecured short term foreign currency convertible bonds
Field : unsec_st_euro_convert_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign currency non-convertible bonds are bonds issued by an Indian company expressed in foreign currency, and
foreign currency.
(expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the date of issue) and which are unsecured, i.e. they are
not backed by a lien on the issuer’s assets.

1624 OF WHICH : UNSECURED SHORT TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY NON - CONVERTIBLE BONDS

Indicator : Of which : unsecured short term foreign currency non-convertible bonds
Field : unsec_st_frgn_curr_non_conv_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign currency non-convertible bonds are bonds issued by an Indian company expressed in foreign currency, and
foreign currency.
(expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the date of issue) and which are unsecured, i.e. they are
not backed by a lien on the issuer’s assets.

OF WHICH : UNSECURED SHORT TERM FOREIGN CURRENCY SUB - ORDINATED DEBT 1625

Indicator : Of which : unsecured short term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt
Field : unsec_st_frgn_curr_subord_debt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Subordinated debt is a debt which ranks after other debts. It is a loan or security that ranks below other loans. It
has a lower priority than other bonds of the issuer in case of liquidation during bankruptcy.
Borrowers of the subordinate debt are usually large business houses.This data field captures subordinated debt
raised by the banks in foreign currency.
An example of subordinated debts are bonds issued by the banks.

1626 U NSECURED SHORT TERM FOREIGN SUPPLIERS ’ CREDIT

Indicator : Unsecured short term foreign suppliers’ credit
Field : unsec_st_foreign_suppl_crd
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures credit granted by foreign suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods for a short
term, and which in unsecured in nature. Suppliers’ credit is different from sundry creditors, the point of distinction
being the nature of goods supplied. Sundry creditors are creditors for the supply of goods and services, which are
directly linked to the operations of the company.
Usually, suppliers’ credit is payable within a period of one year. However, when the quantum of capital goods
supplied and the amount involved is large, the credit period may extend beyond one year. This is particularly so
in the case of sectors like power and telecommunication, where large and costly machinery is bought and where
installation of such machinery takes a long time.
This data field captures foreign suppliers’ credit which is unsecured in nature, and which has been granted for a
period of less than one year. Secured suppliers’ credit and domestic suppliers’ credit are not a part of this data
field, since they are reported separately elsewhere. In case the company has not classified foreign suppliers’ credit
as secured or unsecured then the same is reported in this data field, provided it is payable within one year.

S HORT TERM LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS ( INDIVIDUALS ) 1627

Indicator : Short term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals)
Field : st_loans_from_promoters
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any loan taken from promoters, directors and shareholders of a company for a period of less than 12 months
is reported in this data field. This data field captures both secured and unsecured long term loans provided by
is captured.

1628 S ECURED SHORT TERM LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS ( INDIVIDUALS )

Indicator : Secured short term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals)
Field : sec_st_loans_from_promoters
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any secured short term loan taken by the company from its promoters, directors and shareholders, and outstanding
at the end of the year is reported in this data field. It is necessary that such a loan is explicitly classified as a secured
loan in the Annual Report because by default such loans are unsecured. If a company specifies that these loans are
secure only then the same is reported in this data field. Else, it is reported as an unsecured loan.
is captured.

U NSECURED SHORT TERM LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS ( INDIVIDUALS ) 1629

Indicator : Unsecured short term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders
(individuals)
Field : unsec_st_loans_from_promoters
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of unsecured short term loans from promoters, directors and shareholders. Gen-
erally, such loans are unsecured and are reported in this data field by default. However, if a company specifies that
these loans are secured then they are reported in a similar data field under secured borrowings.
is captured.

1630 S HORT TERM INTER - CORPORATE LOANS

Indicator : Short term inter-corporate loans
Field : st_corporate_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures inter-corporate loans that have been taken for a short term basis, i.e. for a period not
exceeding 12 months. Hence, it is grouped under current liabilities, as has been prescribed by the revised Schedule
VI of the Companies Act, 1956.
The Prowess database captures secured and unsecured short term inter-corporate borrowings separately. This data
field is the sum of both secured as well as unsecured inter-corporate borrowings, and therefore represents the total
outstanding short term inter-corporate loans of the company.
limit, it is required to seek approval by way of a special resolution. The loan can not be given at rates lower than the
onwards.

S ECURED SHORT TERM INTER - CORPORATE LOANS 1631

Indicator : Secured short term inter-corporate loans
Field : sec_st_corporate_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures inter-corporate loans that have been taken on a short term basis, i.e. for a period not
exceeding 12 months. The Prowess database captures secured and unsecured short term inter-corporate borrowings
separately. This data field covers the total outstanding value of a company’s secured short term inter-corporate
loans.
as well.
Secured borrowings are those which are backed by a lien on the borrower’s assets. They give the lender the right to
This data field captures the secured portion of short term loans taken by a company from other companies.
onwards.

1632 S ECURED SHORT TERM LOANS FROM SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Indicator : Secured short term loans from subsidiary companies
Field : sec_st_loans_from_subs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
companies, from group companies & associated business enterprises, or from any other company.
This data field captures secured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company from its subsidiary com-
panies, on a short term basis.
This data field captures the secured portion of short term loans taken by a company from its subsidiaries.
onwards.

S ECURED SHORT TERM LOANS FROM GROUP AND ASSOC . BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 1633

Indicator : Secured short term loans from group and assoc. business enterprises
Field : sec_st_loans_from_assoc_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
companies, or from group companies & associated business enterprises, or from any other company. This data field
captures secured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company from other companies belonging to the
same business group/other associate business enterprises, on a short-term basis, i.e. for a period not exceeding 12
months. It falls under current liabilities.
This data field captures secured short term loans from group and associate business enterprises.
schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with IFRS requirements. The revised schedule
VI mandates the disclosure of assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions. It therefore requires the
separate disclosure of long term and short term borrowings.
onwards.

1634 S ECURED SHORT TERM LOANS FROM OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Secured short term loans from other business enterprises
Field : sec_st_loans_from_oth_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures secured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company from companies that are
neither subsidiaries nor group companies & associated business enterprises, on a short term basis, i.e. for a period
not exceeding 12 months.
This data field captures the value of secured short term loans from companies other than subsidiaries and group &
associate business enterprises.
onwards.

U NSECURED SHORT TERM INTER - CORPORATE LOANS 1635

Indicator : Unsecured short term inter-corporate loans
Field : unsec_st_corporate_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
that have been taken on a short term basis, i.e. for a period not exceeding 12 months. The Prowess database
total outstanding value of unsecured short term inter-corporate loans.
On the other hand, unsecured borrowings are not backed by any security. Since there is risk associated with
unsecured loans, they command a relatively high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached.
A company which is a lender of an inter-corporate loan is required to adhere to the stipulations contained in Section
372A of the Companies Act, 1956. The lending company can lend to the extent of 60% of its paid-up share capital
and free reserves, or 100% of its free reserves, whichever is higher. If it seeks to lend an amount above the
aforementioned limit, it is required to seek approval by way of a special resolution. The loan can not be lent at rates
lower than the prevailing bank rate. Also, if the lending company is in default under section 58A of the Companies
Act, 1956, then it is not allowed to lend to other corporates. Additionally, the lending company is required to
maintain a register of loans with prescribed details.
This data field stores the outstanding value of unsecured short term borrowings by the company from business
enterprises (excluding loans from banks and financial institutions). These include loans from subsidiaries and from
group or associate companies. Loans taken from banks and financial institutions are not included here, since they
are captured separately.
This data field is relevant for all companies other than banks, since banks are not required to adhere to the re-
vised schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. This revised
Schedule VI mandates the disclosure of assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions. In other words,
it requires the separate disclosure of long term and short term borrowings. This field is one among the many
that have been introduced to capture the additional disclosures made by companies in accordance with the revised
Schedule VI format. Such data is usually available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards.

1636 U NSECURED SHORT TERM LOANS FROM SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Indicator : Unsecured short term loans from subsidiary companies
Field : unsec_st_loans_from_subs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
companies and from group companies & associated business enterprises. This data field captures unsecured loans
that have been taken by a company from its subsidiaries on a short term basis, i.e. for a period not exceeding 12
months.
high rate of interest as compensation for the risk attached. This data field captures a company’s unsecured short
372A of the Companies Act, 1956. The lending company, in this case a subsidiary company, can lend to the extent
of 60% of its paid-up share capital and free reserves, or 100% of its free reserves, whichever is higher. If it seeks
to lend an amount above the aforementioned limit, it is required to seek approval by way of a special resolution.
The loan can not be lent at rates lower than the prevailing bank rate. Also, if the lending company is in default
under section 58A of the Companies Act, 1956, then it is not allowed to lend to other corporates. Additionally, the
lending company is required to maintain a register of loans with prescribed details.

U NSECURED SHORT TERM LOANS FROM GROUP & ASSOCIATE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 1637

Indicator : Unsecured short term loans from group & associate business enterprises
Field : unsec_st_loans_from_assoc_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are loans that are taken by one company from another. They can be sourced either from
subsidiary companies, or from group companies & associated business enterprises, or from any other company.
This data field captures the outstanding value of unsecured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company
from other companies belonging to the same business group/other associate business enterprises, on a short-term
basis, i.e. for a period not exceeding 12 months. It falls under current liabilities.
On the other hand, unsecured loans are not back by any assets, and therefore there is risk attached to such loans.
Hence, they command a higher rate of interest. This data field captures the value of unsecured short term loans
from group and associate business enterprises.
the Companies Act, 1956. The lending company, in this case a group or associate business enterprise, can lend to
the extent of 60% of its paid-up share capital and free reserves, or 100% of its free reserves, whichever is higher.
If it seeks to lend an amount above the aforementioned limit, it is required to seek approval by way of a special
resolution. The loan can not be lent at rates lower than the prevailing bank rate. Also, if the lending company
is in default under section 58A of the Companies Act, 1956, then it is not allowed to lend to other corporates.
Additionally, the lending company is required to maintain a register of loans with prescribed details.
schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with IFRS requirements. The revised schedule
VI mandates the disclosure of assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions. It therefore requires the
separate disclosure of long term and short term borrowings.
onwards.

1638 U NSECURED SHORT TERM LOANS FROM OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Unsecured short term loans from other business enterprises
Field : unsec_st_loans_from_oth_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
captures the value of unsecured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company from companies that are
neither subsidiaries nor group companies & associated business enterprises for a short term basis, i.e. for a period
not exceeding 12 months.
This data field captures the value of secured short term loans from companies other than subsidiaries and group &
associate business enterprises.
372A of the Companies Act, 1956. The lending company, in this case a subsidiary company, can lend to the extent
of 60% of its paid-up share capital and free reserves, or 100% of its free reserves, whichever is higher. If it seeks
to lend an amount above the aforementioned limit, it is required to seek approval by way of a special resolution.
The loan can not be lent at rates lower than the prevailing bank rate. Also, if the lending company is in default
under section 58A of the Companies Act, 1956, then it is not allowed to lend to other corporates. Additionally, the
lending company is required to maintain a register of loans with prescribed details.
onwards.

S HORT TERM DEFERRED CREDIT 1639

Indicator : Short term deferred credit
Field : st_deferred_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
goods. Deferred credit can be classified into non-current and current portions, depending on the tenure. This data
field captures the value of a company’s short term deferred credit, i.e. deferred credit that is expected to be written
off within a period of 12 months.
credit is secured, Prowess captures it as unsecured debt. This data field represents the sum of secured and unsecured
short term deferred credit.
ments, mandates the segregation of assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions. Also, deferred credit
is not an item that is likely to arise in the case of finance companies.
onwards.

1640 S ECURED SHORT TERM DEFERRED CREDIT

Indicator : Secured short term deferred credit
Field : sec_st_deferred_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for a block of years. Such liabilities are usually pertaining to capital expenditures and dues payable to the gov-
ernment. Such credits are usually granted by the government authorities for industry promotion or backward area
development or by suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods. Deferred credit can be classified into
current and non-current portions, i.e. into short and long term categories, depending on the tenure for which they
are expected to stand in a company’s books of accounts. This data field captures the value of a company’s secured
short term deferred credit, i.e. liabilities which are allowed a deferment for a period not exceeding 12 months.
secured, then the same is reported in this data field accordingly. This data field is used to capture the value of short
term deferred credit which has been expressly classified by a company to be secured in nature, i.e. it is backed by
the assets of the party availing of the credit and is expected to be paid of within a period of 12 months from the
balance sheet date.

S ECURED SHORT TERM DOMESTIC SUPPLIER ’ S / BUYER ’ S CREDIT 1641

Indicator : Secured short term domestic supplier’s/buyer’s credit
Field : sec_st_domestic_suppliers_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Suppliers’ credit generally relates to credit for imports into India extended by overseas suppliers or financial institu-
tions outside India. However, there are cases of credit extended by domestic suppliers as well. Where ’seed capital’
to launch the business is needed to cover costs related to equipment, fixtures, supplies, among others, buyers might
seek to finance their start-ups with the help of suppliers’ credit. Many suppliers have developed credit programs
whereby they provide capital goods on credit, to be re-paid with interest, over a specified period. This reduces an
enterprise’s need for short-term loans from banks.
This data field captures the value of a company’s secured short term domestic suppliers’ credit, which falls under
the head ’short term deferred credit’. ’Foreign suppliers’ credit’ is recorded separately, under ’Foreign currency
borrowings’.
date is availed in the normal course of business at no extra cost.
This data field captures the value of a company’s secured short term domestic suppliers’ credit, which is secured
by a lien on the company’s assets. It includes secured short term credit granted by domestic suppliers of plant and
machinery or other capital goods.
In case the company has not classified suppliers’ credit as secured or unsecured then the same is assumed to be
unsecured and is reported by CMIE as suppliers’ credit under unsecured borrowings respectively, and not here.

1642 U NSECURED SHORT TERM DEFERRED CREDIT

Indicator : Unsecured short term deferred credit
Field : unsec_st_deferred_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for a block of years. Such liabilities are usually pertaining to capital expenditures and dues payable to the gov-
ernment. Such credits are usually granted by the government authorities for industry promotion or backward area
development or by suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods. Deferred credit can be classified into
current and non-current portions, i.e. into short and long term categories, depending on the tenure for which they
are expected to stand in a company’s books of accounts. This data field captures the value of a company’s unsecured
short term deferred credit, i.e. liabilities which are allowed a deferment for a period not exceeding 12 months.
secured, then the same is reported in this data field accordingly. This data field is used to capture the value of short
term deferred credit which is unsecured in nature, i.e. it is not backed by the assets of the party availing of the
credit, and is expected to be paid of within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.

U NSECURED SHORT TERM DOMESTIC SUPPLIER ’ S / BUYER ’ S CREDIT 1643

Indicator : Unsecured short term domestic supplier’s/buyer’s credit
Field : unsec_st_domestic_suppliers_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Suppliers’ credit generally relates to credit for imports into India extended by overseas suppliers or financial institu-
tions outside India. However, there are cases of credit extended by domestic suppliers as well. Where ’seed capital’
to launch the business is needed to cover costs related to equipment, fixtures, supplies, among others, buyers might
seek to finance their start-ups with the help of suppliers’ credit. Many suppliers have developed credit programs
whereby they provide capital goods on credit, to be re-paid with interest, over a specified period. This reduces an
enterprise’s need for short-term loans from banks.
This data field captures the value of a company’s unsecured short term domestic suppliers’ credit, which falls under
the head ’short term deferred credit’. ’Foreign suppliers’ credit’ is recorded separately, under ’Foreign currency
borrowings’.
date is availed in the normal course of business at no extra cost.
This data field captures the value of a company’s unsecured short term domestic suppliers’ credit, which is secured
by a lien on the company’s assets. It includes secured short term credit granted by domestic suppliers of plant and
machinery or other capital goods.

1644 I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ON BORROWINGS

Indicator : Interest accrued and due on borrowings
Field : int_accrued_and_due_st_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures interest accrued & due on short term secured & unsecured borrowings.

I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ON SECURED BORROWINGS 1645

Indicator : Interest accrued and due on secured borrowings
Field : int_accr_n_due_sec_st_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures interest accrued & due on secured short term borrowings.

1646 I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ON UNSECURED BORROWINGS

Indicator : Interest accrued and due on unsecured borrowings
Field : int_accr_n_due_unsec_st_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures interest accrued & due on unsecured short term borrowings.

S HORT TERM FIXED DEPOSITS 1647

Indicator : Short term fixed deposits
Field : st_fixed_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
financial resources directly from retail savers. A fixed deposit is usually unsecured in nature. It offers a fixed or
variable interest on deposits for a fixed term. If the maturity periodof such an instrument is less than one year, it
is classified as short term fixed deposit. Fixed deposits do not include trade deposits, security deposits or other
deposits of similar nature.
One more class of deposits is captured separately. These are deposits taken by financial institutions. Financial
institutions are like banks, but are not allowed to raise deposits like banks do. Therefore, deposits raised by them
are captured separately. This data field, however, also captures deposits raised from the public by non-banking
finance companies (NBFCs).
This data field represents the sum of all short term fixed deposits raised by non-banking companies from the public,
from promoters/directors or shareholders, and deposits raised by financial institutions and from NBFCs.

1648 S HORT TERM FIXED DEPOSITS FROM PUBLIC

Indicator : Short term fixed deposits from public
Field : st_fixed_deposits_from_public
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is defined as a financial instrument (usually non-tradeable) which is used by non-banking companies
to raise financial resources directly from retail savers. It is usually unsecured in nature. It offers a fixed or variable
interest on deposits for a fixed term. Fixed deposits which have a maturity period of less than 12 months are
classified as short term fixed deposits. This data field captures such short term fixed deposits accepted by the
company, which have been raised from the general public.
Deposits received from institutions such as government departments, banks, other companies, etc. do not fall
within the scope of short term fixed deposits from public. The term also excludes deposits received as guarantees
from employees, or received in the form of a security or an advance in the course of business or otherwise. It
also excludes unsecured loans (including fixed deposits) received from directors/promoters of the company. Fixed
deposits from directors/promoters/shareholders are captured elsewhere separately.

S HORT TERM FIXED DEPOSITS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS . 1649

Indicator : Short term fixed deposits from promoters, directors and shareholders.
Field : st_fixed_deposits_from_promoters_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Fixed deposits are usually non-tradeable financial instruments that non-banking companies use to attract financial
resources directly from retail savers. They are usually unsecured in nature. They offers a fixed or variable interest
on deposits for a fixed term. They do not include trade deposits, security deposits or other deposits of similar
nature.
the general public or from others. This data field captures fixed deposits received by the company from promoters,
directors and shareholders, which are short term in nature, i.e. which are expected to be repaid within a period of
12 months.

1650 S HORT TERM FIXED DEPOSITS RAISED BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND NBFC S

Indicator : Short term fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs
Field : st_fixed_deposits_raised_by_fin_inst_nbfcs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is defined as a financial instrument that is used by non-banking companies to raise financial re-
sources directly from retail savers. It is usually non-tradeable and unsecured in nature. It is issued for a fixed
term, and can offer either a fixed or variable rate of interest. Fixed deposits do not include trade deposits, security
deposits or other deposits of similar nature.
Companies classify fixed deposits on the basis of sources from where they have been raised - whether they have
been raised from the general public or from other sources. Wherever such a break-up is available, CMIE captures
them separately in different data fields. Deposits taken by financial institutions is also captured here. Financial
institutions are like banks, but are not allowed to raise deposits like banks do. Deposits raised from the public by
non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) are also captured in this category.
This data field captures such fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs, with the expectation of
being repaid within a period of 12 months.

S HORT TERM COMMERCIAL PAPERS 1651

Indicator : Short term commercial papers
Field : st_commercial_papers
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Commercial paper is an unsecured money market instrument that is issued in the form of a promissory note. It was
introduced in India in 1990 as an additional instrument for raising funds and as another option for investors.
As per the RBI, commercial papers can be issued for a maturity period between a minimum of seven days and a
maximum of upto one year. Their short tenure gives them the characteristics of a current liability. However, this
is an explicit borrowing by the company and was therefore classified as a part of borrowings. The guidelines of
revised schedule VI, however, have necessarily grouped this instrument under short term borrowings, and therefore
as a current liability. Hence, Prowess reports commercial papers as a borrowing where provisions of the revised
schedule VI are not applicable, and as a current liability where the revised schedule VI comes into play.
Commercial papers are always issued by companies at a discount to face value. They can be issued in denomi-
nations of Rs.5 lakh or multiples thereof. Not all companies are eligible to issue commercial papers. In order to
qualify to issue commercial papers, a company needs to satisfy the following conditions:-
1. Its tangible net worth as per the latest audited balance sheet should be at least Rs.4 crore
2. It should have been sanctioned a certain working capital limit by banks or all-India financial institutions; and
3. The borrowal account of such a company should be classified as a Standard Asset by financing
banks/institutions
This data field captures the outstanding value of commercial papers issued by a company as on the balance sheet
date.

1652 M AXIMUM SHORT TERM COMMERCIAL PAPER OUTSTANDING DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Maximum short term commercial paper outstanding during the year
Field : max_st_commercial_paper_os
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Section 58A of the Companies Act, 1956, regulates the invitation and acceptance of deposits by non-banking non-
financial companies. It prescribes the limit upto which, the manner in which, and the conditions subject to which
deposits may be invited and/or accepted. As per this section, at the time of inviting deposits, companies are required
to advertise their summarised financial position as per the two audited balance sheets immediately preceding the
date of advertisement. It also provides for the repayment of the amounts raised as deposits in contravention of the
said section.
However, notification no. GSR 1075 (E) dated 29/12/1989 issued by the Central Government has exempted non-
banking companies with respect to issue of commercial papers, from the purview of these guidelines, subject to the
following conditions:-
1. The companies shall comply with the terms and conditions stipulated from time to time, by the Reserve Bank
of India relating to the issue of such commercial paper; and
2. The companies shall, in their annual accounts disclose the maximum amount raised at any time during a
financial year and the amount outstanding as at the end of the financial year
This data field, which is an addendum information field, is used to capture the disclosure of such maximum out-
standing values of commercial papers issued by a company during a year. Such information is usually reported by
companies in their notes to accounts.

OTHER SHORT TERM BORROWINGS 1653

Indicator : Other short term borrowings
Field : other_short_term_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings, also known as debt, are created when a company takes finance from lenders, with an agreement to
repay the said amount with interest over a period of time.
Guidelines of the revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, requires companies to classify their assets and
liabilities as current and non-current. Accordingly, borrowings are to be classified on the basis of their tenure,
into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where a lender borrows an amount with the agreement of repaying it within 12
months, it is classified as a short term borrowing.
Borrowings can be classified on the basis of various parameters - their sources, nature of instruments used to raise
funds, etc. Other borrowings are those borrowings that can not be classified under any other specific category.
Thus, it includes all borrowings other than those mentioned below:-
9. Deferred credit
12. Fixed deposits
This data field captures such other borrowings that are expected to be paid off within a period of one year, i.e.
’oter short term borrowings’. It includes amounts reported by companies in their Annual Reports as "short term
borrowings from other sources".

1654 OTHER SECURED SHORT TERM BORROWINGS

Indicator : Other secured short term borrowings
Field : sec_other_st_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Guidelines of the revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, requires companies to classify their assets and
liabilities as current and non-current. Accordingly, borrowings are to be classified on the basis of their tenure,
into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where a lender borrows an amount with the agreement of repaying it within 12
months, it is classified as a short term borrowing.
Borrowings can be classified on the basis of various parameters - their sources, nature of instruments used to raise
funds, etc. Other borrowings are those borrowings that can not be classified under any other specific category.
Thus, it includes all borrowings other than those mentioned below:-
9. Deferred credit
12. Fixed deposits
This data field captures such other borrowings that are expected to be paid off within a period of one year, i.e.
’other short term borrowings’, and which are secured in nature.
Sometimes companies classify their total borrowings as borrowings from banks and borrowings from others. When
the source or nature of secured borrowings from "others" is not known, it is reported in this data field. Rupee tied
loans taken from entities other than financial institutions are also reported here.

OTHER UNSECURED SHORT TERM BORROWINGS 1655

Indicator : Other unsecured short term borrowings
Field : unsec_other_st_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Guidelines of the revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, require companies to classify their assets and
liabilities as current and non-current. Accordingly, a company’s borrowings are to be classified on the basis of their
tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Borrowings taken with the agreement of repaying them within 12 months
are classified as short term borrowings.
Borrowings can also be classified on the basis of various other parameters - their sources, nature of instruments
used to raise funds, etc. Other borrowings are those borrowings that could not be classified under any other specific
category. Thus, it includes all borrowings other than those mentioned below:-
9. Deferred credit
12. Fixed deposits
This data field captures such "other" borrowings that are not secured, and which are expected to be paid off within
a period of one year. It usually captures a disclosure by companies that merely states "other unsecured borrowings"
without describing it any further.

1656 S HORT TERM TRADE PAYABLES AND ACCEPTANCES

Indicator : Short term trade payables and acceptances
Field : short_term_trade_paybl_acceptances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Short term trade payables and acceptances form a part of the total current liabilities of a company.
received. This data field captures all short term trade payables, i.e. which are due within next 12 months. It include
short term trade payables for goods and services and short term payables for capital works. Trade payables due to
group companies and subsidiary companies in the next one year are also included in short term trade payables.
Acceptances by a company, which are due to mature within the next 12 months also form a part of this data field. A
trade acceptance is a time draft drawn by the seller of goods on a buyer. It is a contractual agreement where buyer
agrees to pay the amount due at a specified date in future.

S HORT TERM TRADE PAYABLES 1657

Indicator : Short term trade payables
Field : st_sundry_creditors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Trade payables that are due withing the next 12 months from the balance sheet date are reported in this data field.
received. This data field captures short term trade payables for goods and services and short term payables for
capital works. Trade payables due to group companies and subsidiary companies in the next one year are also
included in short term trade payables.

1658 S UNDRY TRADE PAYABLES FOR GOODS AND SERVICES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Sundry trade payables for goods and services (short term)
Field : st_creditors_goods_and_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports trade payables for goods purchased and services received and which are due within the next
12 months from the balance sheet date. Payables for goods purchased and services received from group companies
and subsidiary companies are also included here if they are due in the next one year.

S UNDRY PAYABLES / CREDITORS FOR EXPENSES ( SHORT TERM ) 1659

Indicator : Sundry payables/creditors for expenses (short term)
Field : st_creditors_expenses
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1660 S UNDRY TRADE PAYABLES FOR CAPITAL WORKS ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Sundry trade payables for capital works (short term)
Field : st_creditors_capital_works
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
All payables for capital projects which are due in the next 12 months are a part of current liabilities of a company.
This data field captures the amount of trade payables for capital works due within a year of the balance sheet date.
The payables could be for purchase of fixed assets or for other expenses on capital projects.

OF WHICH : SHORT TERM TRADE PAYABLES OWED TO RELATED PARTIES 1661

Indicator : Of which: short term trade payables owed to related parties
Field : st_creditors_group_subs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is an addendum information of short term trade payables. The data field reports the amount of trade payables
due to group companies and subsidiary companies and which are due within 12 months from the balance sheet
date.

1662 S HORT TERM ACCEPTANCES

Indicator : Short term acceptances
Field : st_acceptances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Acceptances by a company which are due to mature within the next 12 months are a part of current liabilities and
are reported in this data field. A trade acceptance is a time draft drawn by the seller of goods on a buyer. It is a
contractual agreement where buyer agrees to pay the amount due at a specified date in future.

C URRENT MATURITIES OF LONG TERM DEBT & LEASE 1663

Indicator : Current maturities of long term debt & lease
Field : curr_mat_long_term_debt_lease
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The outstanding amount of long term borrowings, which is to be repaid within 12 months from the date of the
balance sheet is called the current maturities of long term debt. It is reported by companies as ‘other current
liabilities’ in their balance sheet. Prowess captures this as a separate item under current liabilities.
Along with current maturities of long term debt, this data field also captures current maturities of finance lease
obligations.
quently, the lease is recognised both as an asset and as a liability (for the lease payments). Lease payments create
the same kind of obligation that interest payments create on borrowings, and have to be viewed in similar light.
This data field stores the outstanding portion of finance lease obligations, both secured and unsecured, which is to
be paid within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
and liabilities into their current and non-current portions. Thus, companies are required to classify the outstanding
amount of borrowings and finance lease obligations that are due for payment in the next one year as ‘current
maturities of long term debt and lease’ and report it under ‘other current liabilities’ in the balance sheet.
Companies have been presenting their financial data in the new disclosure format given in the schedule VI, which
is in accordance with the IFRS requirements only since April 2012. Thus, this data is available in Prowess only
post-March 2011.

1664 C URRENT MATURITIES OF LONG TERM DEBT

Indicator : Current maturities of long term debt
Field : curr_mat_long_term_debt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The outstanding amount of long term borrowings, which is to be repaid within 12 months from the date of the
balance sheet is called the current maturities of long term debt. It is reported by companies as ‘other current
liabilities’ in their balance sheet. Prowess captures this as a separate item under current liabilities.
and liabilities into their current and non-current portions. Thus, companies are required to classify the outstanding
amount of borrowings that is due for payment in the next one year as ‘current maturities of long term debt’ and
report it under ‘other current liabilities’ in the balance sheet.
is in accordance with the IFRS requirements, only since April 2012. Thus, this data is available in Prowess only
post-March 2011.

C URRENT MATURITIES OF FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATION 1665

Indicator : Current maturities of finance lease obligation
Field : curr_mat_fin_lease_oblig
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the outstanding portion of finance lease obligations, which is to be paid within 12 months
from the balance sheet date. This value is called the current maturities of finance lease obligations.
both.
is in accordance with the IFRS requirements only since April 2012. Thus, this data is available in Prowess only
post-March 2011.

1666 C URRENT MATURITIES OF SECURED FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS

Indicator : Current maturities of secured finance lease obligations
Field : curr_mat_sec_fin_lease_oblig
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount of current maturities of secured finance lease obligations of a company as on the
balance sheet date. The outstanding amount of finance lease obligations which are due within 12 months from the
balance sheet date are classified as current maturities of finance lease obligations.
borrowings in the balance sheet. The secured portion of finance lease obligations is captured in this data field.
Secured finance lease obligations are usually secured by the hypothecation of the leased assets.

C URRENT MATURITIES OF UNSECURED FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATIONS 1667

Indicator : Current maturities of unsecured finance lease obligations
Field : curr_mat_unsec_fin_lease_oblig
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount of current maturities of unsecured finance lease obligations of a company as on
the balance sheet date. The outstanding amount of finance lease obligations which are due within 12 months from
the balance sheet date are classified as current maturities of finance lease obligations.
borrowings in the balance sheet. The unsecured portion of finance lease obligations is captured in this data field.

1668 D EPOSITS & ADVANCES FROM CUSTOMERS AND EMPLOYEES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Deposits & advances from customers and employees (short term)
Field : st_deposits_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company’s current liabilities includes "deposits & advances from customers and employees". All kinds of de-
posits and advances accepted by the company are reported in this data field. It includes deposits in the form of a
security, a trade deposit or a dealer’s deposit. It includes advances received from customers for goods and services
to be provided by the company. Advances received for sale of assets and deposits taken from employees are also
captured in this data field. All such deposits and advances that are expected to be repaid within a period of 12
months are captured in this data field.
The field "Deposits & advances from customers and employees" can be sub-categorised as follows:-
1. Security, trade and dealer deposits
2. Advances from customers on capital account
3. Advances from customers on revenue account; and
4. Deposits from employees
Accordingly, Prowess has provided separate data fields to capture data pertaining to each of these categories.

S HORT TERM SECURITY, TRADE AND DEALER DEPOSITS 1669

Indicator : Short term security, trade and dealer deposits
Field : st_security_trade_dealer_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures several kinds of deposits accepted by the company, which are short term in nature. It mainly
includes security deposits, trade deposits and dealer deposits.
Security deposit is the money taken by a company as a form of security from its customers for the use of assets.
These are usually accepted by companies providing basic services. Telecommunication service providers, for in-
stance, accept security deposits from customers for providing telephone connections and telephone sets. Similarly,
LPG distributors accept security deposits for the LPG cylinders that they provide to customers. Internet service
providers might collect a security deposit from subscribers for the use of the modems they install. Such security
deposits may or may not be refundable.
Trade deposits can be defined as deposits taken by companies from their customers in accordance with the prevail-
ing trading norms.
Dealer deposits can be defined are taken by a company from its dealers as an assurance on their part towards
the provision of the services expected to the company’s customers. In case the services provided by the dealers
is proved to be insufficient or not upto-the-mark, the company might choose to forfeit such a deposit in lieu of
damage to the company’s established reputation.
This data field also includes lease deposits (including advances against leased assets), margin money, earnest or
retention money. Non-refundable deposits are also a current liability and hence are reported in this data field.
CMIE reports security deposits, trade deposit, dealers’ deposit under current liabilities even if companies report
these as secured/unsecured borrowings. This is done in order to maintain uniformity in reporting.

1670 S HORT TERM ADVANCES FROM CUSTOMERS ON CAPITAL ACCOUNT

Indicator : Short term advances from customers on capital account
Field : st_customer_adv_capital_acct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies might take advances from buyers of both, capital as well as current assets (goods and services). Ad-
vances on capital account would essentially mean advances taken from customers against assets to be sold on a
future date. In other words, it is cash received in advance before the delivery of the selling company’s assets.
This data field captures advances taken by companies on account of sale of assets (other than current assets), such
as plant and machinery, land, building, investments, etc. It also includes advances taken in respect of some capital
projects.

S HORT TERM ADVANCES FROM CUSTOMERS ON REVENUE ACCOUNT 1671

Indicator : Short term advances from customers on revenue account
Field : st_customer_adv_revenue_acct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Advances from customers on revenue account refers to advances taken from customers against goods to be sold or
services to be provided to them on a future date. In simple words, it can be described as a concept of "cash before
delivery". This data field captures such advances from customers on revenue account, which have been taken on a
short term basis. If the company’s financial statements are silent on whether the advances taken are on capital or
revenue account, then they are assumed to have been taken on revenue account.
An example of advances from customers taken against revenues would be that of advances taken by most public
sector power companies. They report an item "Income received in advance on account of advance against depreci-
ation (AAD)" under sources of funds in their balance sheet. Power companies are legally allowed, when they fall
short of cash, to collect a higher tariff than due from consumers. This "higher-than-due" tariff is basically an ad-
vance collected from customers. When the company’s cash flows eventually come back on track, then the company
collects lower-than-due tariff from customers, thereby adjusting for the advance collected earlier. The tariff charged
by electricity companies consists of depreciation, AAD, interest on loans, interest on working capital, operation
and maintenance expenses and return on equity.
The Supreme Court allowed power companies to collect an advance against a future expense, in this case being
depreciation. AAD is nothing but an adjustment by reducing the normal depreciation includible in the future years
in such a manner that at the end of useful life of the plant (which is normally 30 years) the same would be reduced
to nil. Therefore, the assessee cannot use the AAD for any other purpose (which is otherwise possible in the case
of a reserve) except to adjust the same against future depreciation so as to reduce the tariff in the future years.
Such a receipt is not a loan because there is no interest payable. Since it is against a service that is to be ren-
dered/provided in future, it is an advance. AAD is an amount that is under obligation,right from the inception, to
get adjusted in the future. It is not a reserve because it is not unencumbered, as the corresponding value is to be
repaid. It is not an appropriation of profits either.
CMIE thus reports any amount reported by a company in its Annual Report as "Income received in advance on
account of advance against depreciation" under this data field. Consequently, a difference might arise in the figure
of current liabilities as arrived at by CMIE and by an electricity company.

1672 S HORT TERM DEPOSITS FROM EMPLOYEES

Indicator : Short term deposits from employees
Field : st_deposits_from_employees
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Deposits from employees can simply be defined as deposits that a company accepts from its employees. It can
either be in the form of an ordinary deposit sought in order to raise finance, or a security deposit.
Deposits from employees (and even ex-employees) fall within the purview of deposits received from public. Hence,
they are subject to the provisions of section 58A of the Companies Act, 1956. This section prescribes the limit upto
which, the manner in which, and the conditions subject to which deposits may be invited and/or accepted by such
companies. As per this section, at the time of inviting deposits, companies are required to advertise their sum-
marised financial position as per the two audited balance sheets immediately preceding the date of advertisement.
It also provides for the repayment of the amounts raised as deposits in contravention of the said section.
This data field captures the value of deposits accepted by a company from its employees, and which are expected
to be repaid within a period of 12 months.

I NTEREST ACCRUED BUT NOT DUE ( SHORT TERM ) 1673

Indicator : Interest accrued but not due (short term)
Field : st_int_accrued_but_not_due_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:

1674 I NTEREST ACCRUED BUT NOT DUE ON BORROWINGS ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Interest accrued but not due on borrowings (short term)
Field : st_int_accrued_but_not_due
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Accrued interest is the interest payable that has been recognised but not yet paid. Interest accrued but not due is
interest that has been recognised but is not yet scheduled for payment.
For example, a company takes loan on 1 January 2014 and interest is payable half yearly. In this case, the first
interest installment will be payable on 30 June 2014. When the company prepares its balance sheet as on 31 March
2014, it will show interest accrued for the period 1 January 2014 to 31 March 2014 but it is not due for payment as
it will be paid only on 30 June 2014. Hence, in this case there is interest accrued but not due.
of interest accrued but not due on short term borrowings. It is a part of current liabilities of a company.

I NTEREST ACCRUED AND NOT DUE ON SECURED BORROWINGS ( SHORT TERM ) 1675

Indicator : Interest accrued and not due on secured borrowings (short term)
Field : st_int_accr_n_not_due_sec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of interest accrued but not due on secured short term borrowings. It is a part of current liabilities of a company.

1676 I NTEREST ACCRUED AND NOT DUE ON UNSECURED BORROWINGS ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Interest accrued and not due on unsecured borrowings (short term)
Field : st_int_accr_n_not_due_unsec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of interest accrued but not due on unsecured short term borrowings. It is a part of current liabilities of a company.

I NTEREST ACCRUED ON TRADE PAYABLES ( SHORT TERM ) 1677

Indicator : Interest accrued on trade payables (short term)
Field : st_int_accrued_on_trade_payables
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of short-term interest accrued on Trade payables. It is a part of current liabilities of a company’s Balance Sheet.
The value of Interest accrued on trade payables is captured separately under non-current and current liabilities.
portions.
Hence, the non-current Interest accrued on trade payables is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Interest
accrued on trade payables (long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Interest
accrued on trade payables (short term)’.
prior to 2010-11.

1678 I NTEREST ACCRUED ON OTHERS ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Interest accrued on others (short term)
Field : st_int_accrued_on_others
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
In some cases company does not provide the nature of loans/liabilities reported in the balance sheet.The interest
accrued on such loans/liabilities are captured in this data field.
The total value of Interest accrued on other loans/liabilities is also captured separately under non-current and
current liabilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under
total liabilities in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies except for
banking companies are required to present their financial statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new
schedule, companies except for banking companies are required to segregate their assets and liabilities into current
and non-current portions.
Hence, the non-current Interest accrued on other loans/liabilities is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Interest
accrued on others (long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Interest accrued on
others (short term)’.
prior to 2010-11.

S HARE APPLICATION MONEY AND ADVANCES - OVERSUBSCRIBED AND REFUNDABLE AMOUNT 1679

Indicator : Share application money and advances - oversubscribed and refundable amount
Field : share_appl_oversub
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Oversubscribed equity share and preference share application money outstanding at the end of the year and that is
to be refunded to the applicants forms a part of the current liabilities of a company and is reported in this data field.

1680S HARE APPLICATION MONEY AND ADVANCES – EQUITY – OVERSUBSCRIBED AND REFUNDABLE AMOUNT

Indicator : Share application money and advances – equity – oversubscribed and refundable
amount
Field : share_appl_equity_oversub
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Oversubscribed equity share application money outstanding at the end of the year and that is to be refunded to
the applicants is included under current liabilties of a company and such amount is captured in this data field.
If a portion of the oversubscribed amount is not refunded because claims were not made, then in such cases the
disclosure is generally made as ’Unclaimed public issue refund orders’. Such amounts are also reported in this data
field.
The amount refundable only to equity shareholders is captured in this data field. The amount refundable to prefer-
ence shareholders is captured separately.

S HARE APPLICATION MONEY REFUNDABLE – PREFERENCE SHARES 1681

Indicator : Share application money refundable – preference shares
Field : share_appl_pref_oversub
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Oversubscribed preference share application money outstanding at the end of the year and that is to be refunded to
the applicants is reported in this data field.

1682 OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Indicator : Other current liabilities
Field : oth_curr_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Current liabilities are defined as a company’s debts or obligations that are due within one year. They are classified
into various categories. Other current liabilities would include all of a company’s current liabilities other than:-
1. Short term borrowings - borrowings from banks and other financial institutions, from governments, borrow-
ings syndicated across banks & institutions, debentures & bonds, foreign currency borrowings, borrowings
from promoters, directors & shareholders, inter-corporate loans, deferred credit, interest accrued & due on
borrowings, fixed deposits and commercial papers
4. Deposits and advances
5. Interest accrued but not due (short term); and
Other current liabilities mainly include unclaimed dividends, unclaimed public deposits, unclaimed redeemable
preference share and unclaimed redeemable debentures. In the case of banks, it also includes inter-office liability
adjustments. Dues to employees like salaries outstanding also form part of this head. Overall, it captures all other
current liabilities that can not be captured in any other explicit data field.

I NTER - OFFICE ADJUSTMENTS ( LIABILITIES ) 1683

Indicator : Inter-office adjustments (liabilities)
Field : inter_office_adj_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-office adjustments is a term mainly relevant to banks. This data field reflects the outstanding liabilities arising
from inter-office adjustments.
A bank might receive periodical statements from its branches with respect to inter-branch transactions. There is
a possibility of some entries remaining unadjusted in the head office of the bank at the close of the financial year.
Such entries are recorded in the bank’s balance sheet under the sub-heading ’Branch Adjustments’. If such branch
adjustments have a debit balance, then they are reported under the assets side. Accordingly, they are reported on the
liabilities side if there is a credit balance. This data field captures such a credit balance with respect to inter-branch
adjustments.
There are a number of transactions between different branches of a bank, or between different branch offices of non
banking companies. These might involve a wide array of financial instruments, such as bills of exchange, demand
drafts, telegraphic transfers, travellers cheques, cash remittances, currency-chest transactions, merchant banking
activities, FCNR transactions, foreign drafts, etc.

1684 U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID DIVIDEND PAYABLE

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid dividend payable
Field : unclaimed_div_payable
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of all unclaimed and unpaid dividend payable by a company. This
is the amount of dividend declared by the company but not yet paid to the shareholders mostly because it was not
claimed by the shareholders. Since it is expected to be paid off immediately, it features under current liabilities.
As per Section 205A of the Companies Act, 1956, if a company declares dividend and the same is not paid to any
shareholder(s) entitled to the payment thereof within a period of 30 days from the date on which such a dividend
was declared, then the company shall, within seven days from the expiry of the said 30 days, transfer the total
amount of dividend which remains unpaid to a special account called ’Unpaid Dividend Account’.
The unpaid dividend account is to be opened by the company with any scheduled bank. Section 205C of the
Companies Act, 1956, mandated that any dividend amount lying unclaimed in this account for a period of seven
years eventually gets transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF). Subsequently, no claims are
entertained against the company or the IEPF for any money transferred to the fund in accordance with the relevant
provisions.

U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID DEPOSITS 1685

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid deposits
Field : unclaimed_public_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of all of a company’s deposits which have matured, but have not yet
been claimed by the holders thereof. In ordinary parlance, the term "unclaimed deposits" would relate to deposits
accepted by banks. However, this data field covers unclaimed and unpaid deposits which have been accepted by all
kinds of companies. A significant portion of such deposits pertains to deposits raised from the public.
Companies usually report such amounts as "Unclaimed and unpaid matured deposits". More often than not, it
is reported so as to include "interest accrued thereon" as well. Where a break-up of the principal and interest
components is not made available, Prowess reports the entire amount under this data field. If, however, a break-up
of interest is made available by the company in its Annual Report, Prowess captures such an interest component
under the head "Interest on unclaimed and unpaid dues".
Since unclaimed and unpaid deposits are payable as soon as the depositor makes a claim, they are classified by
CMIE as a current liability, even if certain companies report them under unsecured borrowings. If, however, such
deposits remain unclaimed for a period of seven years, they get transferred to an account named the "Investor
Education and Protection Fund (IEPF) as mandated by section 205 of the Companies Act, 1956. Subsequently, no
claims are entertained against the company or the IEPF for any money transferred to the fund in accordance with
the relevant provisions.

1686 U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID PORTION OF REDEEMED PREFERENCE SHARES

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed preference shares
Field : unclaimed_redeemed_pref_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per section 100 of the Companies Act, 1956, it is mandatory for companies who have raised money through the
issue of redeemable preference shares to return the amount due on the maturity thereof, whether or not the company
needs to be liquidated. Therefore, the entire sum raised in such a manner becomes due to investors on the maturity
date. However, some investors might not be able to be traced. As a result, such unclaimed and unpaid portion of
redeemed preference shares is recorded in the company’s books as a current liability.
This data field captures the outstanding value of redeemable preference share capital that has become due to in-
vestors for repayment, but have not yet been claimed for various reasons.

U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID PORTION OF REDEEMED DEBENTURES 1687

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed debentures
Field : unclaimed_redeemed_deb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debentures are a class of debt instruments issued by a company. They can be issued either at par, at a premium, or
at a discount to their face value. Companies pay a specified rate of interest at fixed intervals to debenture holders.
By virtue of being creditors to a company, debenture holders are senior to preference shareholders and equity
shareholders in terms of claims. There are various kinds of debentures. Redeemable debentures are those which
are to be paid back within a specified period.
There is a possibility of certain debenture holders not coming forward to claim the proceeds of redeemed deben-
tures. Also, certain claims might not be entertained, for reasons such as non-surrender of duly discharged debenture
certificates by a person claiming to be a debenture-holder. Such an unclaimed and unpaid redeemable debentures
are to be recorded under the head "Unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed debentures", albeit for a maximum
period of seven years. This data field captures such an outstanding value of redeemed debentures that have become
due to investors for repayment, but have not yet been claimed for various reasons. Since they are to be paid as soon
as a claim is made, they feature under current liabilities.
Section 205C of the Companies Act, 1956, has mandated the creation of an Investor Education and Protection
Fund (IEPF) which should be used to credit proceeds of such redeemed debentures and interest thereon, which
have remained unclaimed and unpaid for a period of seven years from the date they became due for payment. Once
a certain amount is transferred to the IEPF, no claim thereon shall be entertained. The fund is to be used for the
promotion of investors’ awareness and protection of investors’ interest in accordance with the rules prescribed from
time to time.

1688 I NTEREST ON UNCLAIMED AND UNPAID DUES

Indicator : Interest on unclaimed and unpaid dues
Field : int_on_unclaimed_unpaid_dues
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Where a company discloses a combined figure of interest, if any, on unclaimed and unpaid dues i.e. without
specifying the amount on unpaid or unclaimed dividend, or on unclaimed and unpaid deposits or on unclaimed and
unpaid portion of redeemed preference shares or on unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed debentures, the
same is reported in this data field. Where the specific break up is provided then the amount of interest is included
along with the unpaid or unclaimed amount under the respective heads.

S TATUTORY REMITTANCES PAYABLE 1689

Indicator : Statutory remittances payable
Field : statutory_remittances_payable
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The revised schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, requires companies to disclose the value of its liabilities
pertaining to "statutory remittances" in its notes to accounts. These statutory remittances are required to be re-
ported under "other current liabilities". Statutory remittances would essentially include a company’s dues towards
contribution to Provident Fund and the Employees’ State Insurance Corporation, withholding taxes, excise duty,
value added tax, service tax, etc.
This data field captures all of a company’s outstanding dues towards statutory remittances. Most companies report
such an amount simply as "statutory liabilities".

1690 D EFERRED INCOME LIABILITIES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Deferred income liabilities (short term)
Field : st_liab_deferred_income
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

OTHER MISCELLANEOUS SHORT- TERM LIABILITIES ( INCL LEASE TERMINAL ADJ ) 1691

Indicator : Other miscellaneous short-term liabilities(incl lease terminal adj)
Field : st_other_misc_curr_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is a residuary data field. Any current liability which cannot be captured under any of the specific heads, which
form a part of current liabilities in Prowess, is reported in this data field.
The amount of current portion of lease terminal adjustment is also reported in this data field.

1692 P ROVISIONS OUTSTANDING ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Provisions outstanding (short term)
Field : st_provisions
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provision, generally, is to prepare in advance for an event that is projected to take place in the future. In accounting,
it is an amount charged against profits for a specific liability arising from past events, the settlement of which is
expected to result in an outflow of funds.
By making provisions companies set aside an amount to provide for a known liability. The liability should be a
present obligation, which has arisen as a result of a past event and where payment is probable (more likely than
not) and the amount can be estimated reliably.
The total amount of short term provisions made by a company during the year is captured in this data field. In
Prowess, provisions are classified as:
• Corporate tax provision
• Other direct & indirect tax provisions
• Provision for bad and doubtful advances and debts
• Dividend provision
• Dividend tax provision
• Provision for employee benefits
• Other short term provisions

C ORPORATE TAX PROVISION ( SHORT TERM ) 1693

Indicator : Corporate tax provision (short term)
Field : st_corporate_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the provision a company makes for direct taxes. These provisions are made on the basis of
taxable profits and not book profits.
This data field records the gross provision for tax. If a company reports tax provision net of advance taxes paid
then Prowess adds back the advance tax and reports this separately under loans and advances.

1694 OTHER DIRECT & INDIRECT TAX PROVISIONS ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Other direct & indirect tax provisions (short term)
Field : st_direct_indirect_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Short term provisions for all other direct taxes except for corporate tax provisions are reported in this data field.
Other direct tax provisions include provision for wealth tax and agricultural tax. All short term provisions made
for indirect taxes like excise, sales tax, etc, are also reported in this data field.
The amount in this data field is the sum of short term provision for all other direct taxes (except corporate tax) and
indirect taxes.

W EALTH TAX PROVISION ( SHORT TERM ) 1695

Indicator : Wealth tax provision (short term)
Field : st_wealth_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Wealth tax is charged in respect of net wealth of a company at the rate of one per cent of the amount by which the
amount exceeds Rs.15 lakh.
Wealth tax is levied only on the value of those assets (including deemed assets but excluding exempt assets) as
defined under section 2(e/a) after deduction therefrom of the debts which are incurred in relation to such assets.
Assets include any building, residential or commercial, motor cars, jewellery, bullion or any other article made of
gold, yachts, boats and aircrafts, cash in hand.
This data field captures the amount of short term provision for wealth tax made by a company during the year.

1696 AGRICULTURAL TAX PROVISION ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Agricultural tax provision (short term)
Field : st_agricultural_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures short term provisions made for agricultural income tax in the company’s profit & loss
statement.
various state governments.

P ROVISION FOR INDIRECT TAXES ( SHORT TERM ) 1697

Indicator : Provision for indirect taxes (short term)
Field : st_indirect_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provisions made by a company for indirect taxes like excise duty, sales tax, service tax, etc are captured in this data
field.

1698 OTHER DIRECT TAX PROVISION ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Other direct tax provision (short term)
Field : st_other_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any provision made by a company for direct taxes other than corporate tax, wealth tax and agricultural income tax
are reported in this data field.
Other direct tax provisions mainly includes fringe benefit tax.

S HORT TERM PROVISION FOR BAD AND DOUBTFUL ADVANCES , DEBTS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 1699

Indicator : Short term provision for bad and doubtful advances, debts and other receivables
Field : st_doubtful_adv_debts_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
These are the provisions made by a company for advances, debts and debtors that are considered to be unrecov-
erable. This includes such provisions made by banks,and NBFCs, provisions for bad loans given by non-finance
companies and provisions for bad sundry debtors.This data field captures Provision for bad and doubtful advances
and debts which are short term in nature.
Where the individual provisions made against advances debts and debtors or specific loans are disclosed, they are
deducted from the respective asset head and not separately disclosed. But where a combined amount of provision
is disclosed without providing a break up and hence it is not possible to deduct the amount from respective asset
heads, CMIE discloses the amount of provision separately in this data field.
The value of provision for bad and doubtful advances and debts is captured separately under non-current and
current liabilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under
Hence, the non-current portion of provision for bad and doubtful advances and debts is captured under non-current
liabilities as ’Provision for long term trade receivables, long term advances & npas’ and the current portion is
captured under current liabilities as ’Short term provision for bad and doubtful advances and debts’.
prior to 2010-11.

1700 S HORT TERM PROVISION FOR DOUBTFUL TRADE RECEIVABLES O / S FOR OVER SIX MONTHS

Indicator : Short term provision for doubtful trade receivables o/s for over six months
Field : st_s_drs_provn_doubtful
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sundry debtors is the amount that the company’s customers owe it for goods and services provided to them by the
company. Doubtful trade receivables or bad debts are amounts that a firm believes it may be unable to recover based
on a customer’s payment history or delay in paying for goods and services. The company then makes allowance
for doubtful debts in the form of provisions.
This data field captures the provisions the company has made for sundry debtors that have been outstanding for
more than six months whether secured or unsecured and whose recovery is considered doubtful.
Where the Annual Report does not specify whether the provision for bad / doubtful debtors is in respect of debtors
outstanding for a period less than six months or in respect of debtors outstanding for a period over six months,
Prowess considers the provision to be against debts outstanding for a period over six months whose recovery is
doubtful.

S HORT TERM PROVISION FOR DOUBTFUL TRADE RECEIVABLES O / S FOR LESS THAN SIX MONTHS 1701

Indicator : Short term provision for doubtful trade receivables o/s for less than six months
Field : st_s_drs_unsec_provn_doubt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
company. Doubtful trade receivables or bad debts are amounts that a firm believes it may be unable to recover based
on a customer’s payment history or delay in paying for goods and services. The company then makes allowance
for doubtful debts in the form of provisions.
This data field captures the provisions the company has made for sundry debtors that have been outstanding for a
period of six months or less, whether secured or unsecured, and whose recovery is considered doubtful.

1702 S HORT TERM PROVISION FOR ADVANCES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES INCLDG . NPA S

Indicator : Short term provision for advances and other receivables incldg. NPAs
Field : st_prov_advances_npas
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of the short term provisions created by a company for meeting potential losses
that could arise on account of default in its loans & advances. In other words, it captures the outstanding value of
a company’s short term provisions for doubtful loans and advances in the case of non-finance companies and short
term provisions for non performing assets (NPAs) in the case of finance companies.
reliably estimated.
Similarly, a company’s provisions can be classified on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ (non-current) and
’short term’ (current) portions. Accordingly, a short term provision is one that is created to take care of a short
term liability, i.e. a liability that is expected to become due for payment within 12 months from the balance sheet
date. This data field captures the outstanding value of a company’s short term provisions for doubtful advances and
NPAs.

D IVIDEND PROVISIONS 1703

Indicator : Dividend provisions
Field : total_div_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend can be defined as that portion of a company’s earnings that are distributed to shareholders. It is that
portion of a corporate’s profits that have been set aside and declared by the company, and which are to be shared
by each individual member of a company. A company cannot declare dividend unless it has accumulated profits
or if it has failed to redeem its preference shares as per the provisions of section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956.
Dividend is declared as per the recommendation of a company’s Board of Directors (BoD) and with the approval
of shareholders. Dividend is paid on equity shares and preference shares. It can also be classified on the basis of
the day on which its distribution is announced, into interim and final dividend.
There is usually a time lag between the date the BoD announces a dividend, and the actual payout thereof. Hence,
companies are required to make provisions for dividend which has not been paid out before the balance sheet date.
This data field captures the sum of the outstanding amounts of its interim dividend and the amount proposed as
final dividend.
Interim dividend is the dividend declared by the BoD between the two Annual General Meetings (AGM). The BoD
sometimes declares interim dividend before the completion of the financial year, on the basis of the company’s
estimated profits for the year. Such dividend is generally distributed before the completion of the financial year.
However, in some cases, it might not be distributed before the balance sheet date. Such interim dividend declared
during the year but which has not been disbursed before the end of the accounting year is captured in this field.
Amounts proposed by the BoD towards payment of final dividend is also captured in this data field. Final dividend
is always declared on the date of the AGM, and therefore is bound to be paid in the subsequent year. Hence, a
major part of a company’s dividend provisions is likely to be composed of final dividend.
This data field is broadly divided into two categories, namely "Provision for interim dividend" and "Provision for
final dividend".

1704 P ROVISION FOR INTERIM DIVIDEND

Indicator : Provision for interim dividend
Field : interim_div_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend is that portion of a company’s earnings that is distributed to shareholders. A company cannot declare
dividend unless it has accumulated profits or if it has failed to redeem its preference shares as per the provisions of
section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956. Dividend is declared as per the recommendation of a company’s Board of
Directors (BoD) and with the approval of shareholders.
Dividend is paid on both, equity as well as preference shares. Dividend can also be classified on the basis of the
day on which it is announced, into interim and final dividend. Interim dividend is the dividend declared by the
board of directors between the two Annual General Meetings (AGMs).
Since interim dividend is declared during the course of a financial year, it usually gets distributed before the year
lapses. However, in some cases, the same might not be paid out till the balance sheet date. Such interim dividend
which has been declared but is yet to be paid till the end of the accounting year is provided for in the company’s
balance sheet. This data field captures the value of such a provision for interim dividend.
As per the Companies Ammendment Bill, 2003, interim dividend once declared cannot be revoked or modified.
Interim dividend can be bifurcated into interim dividend on equity shares and interim dividend on preference shares.
Accordingly, the provision for interim dividend can also be bifurcated likewise.

P ROVISION FOR INTERIM EQUITY DIVIDEND 1705

Indicator : Provision for interim equity dividend
Field : interim_equity_dividend_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend can be defined as that portion of a company’s profits that have been set aside and declared by the company,
and which is to be shared by each individual member of a company. A company cannot declare dividend unless it
has accumulated profits or if it has failed to redeem its preference shares as per the provisions of section 80 of the
Companies Act, 1956. Dividend is declared as per the recommendation of a company’s Board of Directors (BoD)
and with the approval of shareholders.
Dividend can be classified on the basis of the type of share capital it is being paid on (equity and preference
dividend) and also on the basis of the day on which it is announced (interim and final dividend). Interim dividend
is defined as the dividend declared by a company’s BoD between two Annual General Meetings (AGMs).
lapses. However, in some cases, the same might not be paid out till the balance sheet date. Companies are required
to make a provision for such interim dividend which has been declared but is yet to be paid. As per the Companies
Ammendment Bill, 2003, interim dividend once declared cannot be revoked or modified.
This data field captures the value of provisions made by the company towards the payment of interim dividend on
equity shares.

1706 P ROVISION FOR INTERIM PREFERENCE DIVIDEND

Indicator : Provision for interim preference dividend
Field : interim_pref_dividend_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend means that portion of the corporate profit set aside and declared by the company which will be shared
of shareholders.
Dividend can be classified on the basis of the category of share capital it is being paid on (equity and preference
dividend) and also on the basis of the date of its announcement (interim and final dividend). Interim dividend
is defined as the dividend declared by a company’s BoD between two Annual General Meetings (AGMs), after
considering the company’s estimated earnings for the current year.
Since interim dividend is declared during the course of a financial year, it is usually paid out before the year lapses.
However, in cases where the same might not be paid out till the balance sheet date, companies are required to make
a provision for the impending payment thereof. As per the Companies Ammendment Bill, 2003, interim dividend
once declared cannot be revoked or modified.
Consequently, the provision for interim dividend can also be bifurcated likewise.
preference shares. Preference shares carry a preferential right in terms of distribution of dividend, in accordance
with the terms of issue and the company’s Articles of Association. However, this right is subject to the availability
of distributable profits.

P ROVISION FOR FINAL DIVIDEND 1707

Indicator : Provision for final dividend
Field : div_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend is defined as that part of the profits of a company which is distributed amongst its shareholders. The
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) defines dividend as "a distribution to shareholders out of profits
or reserves available for this purpose."
Dividend is always declared by way of a recommendation by a company’s board of directors (BoD), and subject
to approval by shareholders. However, a company cannot declare dividend unless it has made profits in that par-
ticular year, or unless it has redeemed its preference shares under section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956. A valid
declaration of dividend can be made either at the company’s annual general meeting (AGM) or during the course
of the year. In case a company declares a dividend, but does not disburse the same before the year lapses, then it is
supposed to make a provision for the same in its books of accounts.
The dividend declared at an AGM is known as final dividend. It is declared and paid in compliance with section
217 of the Companies Act, 1956. Since it is declared at the AGM, it is bound to be paid in the subsequent year.
Therefore, it is also known as proposed dividend. A provision needs to be created in the year of declaration of a
final dividend for the payment thereof. Such a provision created for the payment of final dividend is captured in
this data field.
This data field has two sub-categories based on the type of share capital the final dividend pertains to. Accordingly,
the child indicators are "provision for equity dividend" and "provision for preference dividend".

1708 P ROVISION FOR EQUITY DIVIDEND

Indicator : Provision for equity dividend
Field : equity_dividend_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend is that part of a company’s profits which is distributed amongst its shareholders. The Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India (ICAI) defines dividend as "a distribution to shareholders out of profits or reserves available
for this purpose."
Dividend is always declared by way of a recommendation by a company’s board of directors (BoD), subject to
approval by shareholders. However, a company cannot declare dividend unless it has made profits in that particular
year, or unless it has redeemed its preference shares under section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956. A valid dec-
laration of dividend can be made either at the company’s annual general meeting (AGM) or during the course of
the year. In case a company declares a dividend, but does not disburse the same before the year lapses, then it is
Hence, it is also known as proposed dividend. A provision needs to be created in the year of declaration of a final
dividend for the payment thereof.
dividend). However, it is not mandatory for companies to disclose the provision for equity dividend and that for
preference dividend separately. Hence, most companies usually only report "proposed dividend" or "provision for
proposed dividend" or other similar heads, without disclosing a break-up for equity shares and preference shares.
Some might, however, provide this break-up in their notes to accounts. Where such a break-up is available, CMIE
captures these values accordingly.
This data field captures provisions for final dividend specifically pertaining to equity shares.

P ROVISION FOR PREFERENCE DIVIDEND 1709

Indicator : Provision for preference dividend
Field : pref_dividend_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for this purpose."
year, or unless it has redeemed its preference shares under section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956. A valid decla-
ration of dividend can be made either at the company’s annual general meeting (AGM) or during the course of the
year.
In case a company declares a dividend, but does not disburse the same before the year lapses, then it is supposed to
make a provision for the same in its books of accounts.
This data field captures provisions for final dividend specifically pertaining to preference shares.

1710 D IVIDEND TAX PROVISION

Indicator : Dividend tax provision
Field : div_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend tax is defined as a type of income tax levied on any amount declared, distributed or paid by a company as
dividend (whether interim or otherwise) to its shareholders. In financial and legal parlance, it is known as ’dividend
distribution tax’ (DDT). Currently, it is levied at the rate of 15%. Such distributed dividend is exempt in the hands
of the recipients.
This data field captures the value of provisions made by a company for its tax payable on dividend proposed to be
paid or already paid out.
The Finance Act 1997 introduced the DDT for the first time in India. While it was under implementation, dividend
was not taxable in the hands of shareholders. DDT was rolled back in the Union Budget 2002-03, only to be
re-introduced in 2003-04. DDT was introduced since it was easier to tax companies rather than track millions of
investors. Besides, it promised to save on tax administration costs.

P ROVISION FOR EMPLOYEE BENEFITS ( SHORT TERM ) 1711

Indicator : Provision for employee benefits (short term)
Field : st_employees_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Benefits’. The definition of ’Employee Benefits’ as can be construed from this standard is that it includes all forms
of consideration given by an employer to an employee in exchange for services rendered.
This data field captures the value of short term provisions made by a company for employee benefits like pay-
ment towards employees’ gratuity or towards voluntary retirement schemes or towards any other issues related to
compensation of employees.
reliably estimated.
on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ (non-current) and ’short term’ (current) portions. Accordingly, a short
term provision is one that is created to take care of a short term liability, i.e. a liability that is expected to become
a company’s short term provisions towards employee benefits, which are expected to become due and to be met
within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.

1712 P ROVISION FOR GRATUITY ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Provision for gratuity (short term)
Field : st_gratuity_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Gratuity is a form of employee benefit. It is a lump sum payment made to employees on the basis of the duration of
their service. Gratuity is payable at the time of cessation of an individual’s employee, either by way of resignation,
death, retirement, or by way of termination of service. The last drawn salary is considered as a basis for calculation
of gratuity payable. Gratuity payments in India are governed by the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972.
This data field captures all short term provisions made by a company towards payment of gratuity to its employees.
reliably estimated.
company’s short term provisions for gratuity payments.

P ROVISION FOR VRS ( SHORT TERM ) 1713

Indicator : Provision for VRS (short term)
Field : st_vrs_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is considered to be a humane technique that a company can implement in
order to trim its workforce. A company might want to dispose off its excess manpower in order to cut costs and
improve its performance. Under the VRS, employees who have put in 20 or more number of years of service are
given an option to opt for early retirement, for which they are given certain benefits and a lumpsum amount in lieu
of the foregone period of their employment, when they leave the company.
Short term provisions made by the company for the payment of VRS benefits to employees opting for the scheme
are captured in this data field.
reliably estimated.
company’s short term provisions for meeting its VRS liabilities.

1714 P ROVISION FOR OTHER EMPLOYEE RELATED ISSUES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Provision for other employee related issues (short term)
Field : st_other_employee_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures all short term provisions made by a company towards payments to be made to employ-
ees, with respect to employee benefits other than gratuity and VRS. Such ’other employee related issues’ includes
employee benefits like bonus, leave encashment, leave travel assistance, performance-related pay/incentive, super-
annuation fund, pension fund, wage revision, etc. It also includes provisions made by a company that are simply
reported as ’short term provision for employee benefits’ and the like, wherein the type of benefit is not specified.
reliably estimated.
company’s short term provisions for other employee related issues.

S HORT TERM PROVISION FOR RESTORATION COSTS 1715

Indicator : Short term provision for restoration costs
Field : st_prov_restoration_cost
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
According to Ind AS 16- "Property, Plant and Equipment", the cost of dismantling & removing the asset and
restoring the site, that is expected to be incurred on derecognition of the asset, is included in the cost of the asset.
The corresponding effect of this cost is taken as provision for restoration costs.For example provision for mine
closure and restoration charges,provision for decommissioning,restoration & overhaul cost
This amount is utilised at the time of disposal of the asset, when the entity has to incur expense for dismatling
the asset. Since the actual expense is to be incurred only at the end of the life of the asset, these expenses are
often discounted to their present value on recognition of the provision amount. This discount is the unwinded i.e.,
recorded as finance cost over the life of the asset.
The current portion of provision outstanding against restoration costs as on the balance sheet date are captured in
this data field.

1716 OTHER SHORT TERM PROVISIONS

Indicator : Other short term provisions
Field : st_other_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is a residuary data field for short term provisions. Provisions which cannot be classified as those for taxes,
dividneds, bad debts, or those for employees are reported in this data field.
Other short term provisions include provision for premium payable on redemption of bonds, provision for estimated
loss on derivatives, provision for warranty and provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts. Apart from these,
any other short term provision which cannot be captured under any of the specific heads in Prowess are also reported
in this data field.

P ROVISION FOR PREMIUM PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION OF BONDS ( SHORT TERM ) 1717

Indicator : Provision for premium payable on redemption of bonds (short term)
Field : st_prov_paym_payable_bonds_redemp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When bonds issued by a company become due for redemption, it has to create a provision for premium payable on
redemption of bonds. This provision is captured in this data field.

1718 P ROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOSS ON DERIVATIVES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Provision for estimated loss on derivatives (short term)
Field : st_prov_estimated_loss_derivatives
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A derivative is a financial instrument which derives its value from the underlying variable like interest rate, forex
rate, financial instrument prices etc. and is settled at specified date.
Financial derivative instruments create rights and obligations that have the effect of transferring between the parties
to the instrument one or more of the financial risks(such as interest rate risk, currency, equity and commodity price
risk, credit risk, etc.) inherent in an underlying primary financial instrument(such as receivables, payables and
equity instruments).These are used for a number of purposes including risk management, hedging, arbitrage in
or between markets, and speculation. These are marketed either over-the-counter (OTC) or through an exchange
(exchange traded).A derivative instrument is classified as fair value through profit & loss and or fair value through
other comprehensive income on the basis of holding it for hedging or trading.There are various types of financial
derivative instruments such as futures, forwards, swaps & options,interest rate caps, collars and floors.
On inception, financial derivative instruments give one party a contractual right to exchange financial assets or
financial liabilities with another party under conditions that are potentially favourable, or a contractual obliga-
tion to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another party under conditions that are potentially
unfavourable. However, they generally do not result in a transfer of the underlying primary financial instrument
on inception of the contract, nor does such a transfer necessarily take place on maturity of the contract. Some
instruments embody both a right and an obligation to make an exchange. Because the terms of the exchange are
determined on inception of the derivative instrument, as prices in financial markets change those terms may become
either favourable or unfavourable.After inception, changes of prices in financial markets which makes terms of the
exchange unfavourable leads to recognition of financial derivative liabilities.
E.g. A forward contract to be settled in six months time in which one party (the purchaser) promises to de-
liver Rs.1,000,000 cash in exchange for Rs.1,000,000 face amount of fixed rate government bonds, and the other
party (the seller) promises to deliver Rs.1,000,000 face amount of fixed rate government bonds in exchange for
Rs.1,000,000 cash. During the six months, both parties have a contractual right and a contractual obligation to ex-
change financial instruments. If the market price of the government bonds rises above Rs.1,000,000, the conditions
will be favourable to the purchaser and unfavourable to the seller; if the market price falls below Rs.1,000,000, the
effect will be the opposite. The purchaser has a contractual right (a financial asset) similar to the right under a call
option held and a contractual obligation (a financial liability) similar to the obligation under a put option written;
the seller has a contractual right (a financial asset) similar to the right under a put option held and a contractual obli-
gation (a financial liability) similar to the obligation under a call option written. As with options, these contractual
rights and obligations constitute financial assets and financial liabilities separate and distinct from the underlying
financial instruments (the bonds and cash to be exchanged). Both parties to a forward contract have an obligation
to perform at the agreed time, whereas performance under an option contract occurs only if and when the holder of
the option chooses to exercise it.
Contracts to buy or sell non-financial items do not meet the definition of a financial instrument because the con-
tractual right of one party to receive a non- financial asset or service and the corresponding obligation of the other
party do not establish a present right or obligation of either party to receive, deliver or exchange a financial asset.
For example, contracts that provide for settlement only by the receipt or delivery of a non-financial item (eg an

P ROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOSS ON DERIVATIVES ( SHORT TERM ) 1719
option, futures or forward contract on silver) are not financial instruments.However, some contracts to buy or sell
non-financial items that can be settled net or by exchanging financial instruments, or in which the non-financial
item is readily convertible to cash, are within the ambit of financial derivative instrument.
IND AS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation & IND AS 109 Financial Instruments governes the recognition
and presentation of financial derivative instrument.However there is no accounting standard specified in IGAAP
for recognition of financial derivative instrument.The accounting principles of conservatism and prudence require
that companies not only record liabilities that have been incurred, but also make provisions for potential liabili-
ties.Therefore,any provision for estimated loss on derivative reported by companies which is expected to become
due within the period of 12 months from the balance sheet date is captured in this field.In case of IND AS, this field
captures current portion of derivative financial instruments liabilities.

1720 P ROVISION FOR WARRANTY ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Provision for warranty (short term)
Field : st_prov_warranty
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When companies provide warranty for products they sell, they make provision for warranty costs, which may
arise. The estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of
warranty claims and management estimates regarding possible future incidence based on corrective actions on
product failures.
The outstanding amount of provision for warranty as on the date of the balance sheet is captured in this data field.

P ROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOSS ON ONEROUS CONTRACTS ( SHORT TERM ) 1721

Indicator : Provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts (short term)
Field : st_prov_estimated_contracts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An onerous contract is a contract in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract
exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it. Provision made by a company for estimated loss on
such onerous contracts are recorded in this data field.

1722 S HORT TERM PROVISION FOR INVENTORIES INCL PROV FOR SLOW MOVING INVENTORIES

Indicator : Short term provision for inventories incl prov for slow moving inventories
Field : st_prov_inventories
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inventories may get obsolete during the year on account of various reasons. For eg. Electronic items may get
obsolete because of outdated technology or clothing may get out of fashion. Companies make a provision for such
obsolescence of inventories.Current portion of such a provision is captured under this data field.

S HORT TERM PROVISION FOR RESTRUCTURING COSTS 1723

Indicator : Short term provision for restructuring costs
Field : st_prov_restructuring_cost
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A provision shall be recognised when:
(a) an entity has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event;
(b) it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation;
and
(c) a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
If these conditions are not met, no provision shall be recognised.
We capture current portion of provision for divestment / restructuring in this field.

1724 I NVESTOR EDUCATION AND PROTECTION FUND

Indicator : Investor education and protection fund
Field : invest_edu_protection_fund
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The total amount transferred by a company to Investor Education and Protection fund is reported in this data field.
Investor Education and Protection Fund is set up under section 205C of the companies act, 1956 by way of the
Companies (Amendment) Act, 1999. Certain amounts belonging to investors or shareholders of the company that
remain unpaid or unclaimed for a period of seven years from the day they become due for payment are credited to
this fund.
The following amounts are credited to this fund: unclaimed and unpaid dividend, unclaimed and unpaid fixed
deposits, unclaimed and unpaid debentures, application monies received by companies for allotment of securities
and due for refund and interest accrued on any of the above. Grants and donations by the Central Government,
State Government, companies or any other institutions, the interest or other income received out of investment
made from the fund are also credited here.

U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID DIVIDEND 1725

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid dividend
Field : unclaimed_div
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unclaimed / unpaid dividends transferred by the company to the Investor Education and Protection Fund is reported
in this data field.
As per section 205 A of the Companies Act, 1956, any dividend declared by a company which remains unpaid or
unclaimed for a period of 30 days from the date of declaration shall be transfered within seven days after the expiry
of the 30 days to an account called “unpaid dividend account”.
Further as per section 205 C (1) of the Companies Act, 1956, any money transferred to the unpaid dividend account
of a company in pursuance of section 205 A, which remains unpaid or unclaimed for a period of seven years from
the date of such transfer shall be transferred by the company to “Investor Education & Protection Fund” established
by the Central Government.

1726 U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID FIXED DEPOSITS

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid fixed deposits
Field : unclaimed_fixed_deposit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unclaimed fixed deposits transfered to Investor Education and Protection Fund is reported in this data field.
As per section 205C of the Companies Act, 1956 fixed deposits which have remained unclaimed and unpaid for a
period of seven years from the date they became due for payment shall be credited to the investor education and
protection fund.

U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID DEBENTURES 1727

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid debentures
Field : unclaimed_deb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unclaimed / unpaid amount of redeemed debentures transferred by the company to the “Investor Education and
Protection Fund” is reported in this data field.
On maturity of debentures, the debenture holders are paid back the assured sum. However, there are instances
where the debenture holders have not claimed there dues. Such unclaimed amount of redemption dues is transfered
by the company to a separate account and is reported by the companies under current liabilities. If this amount
remains unclaimed / unpaid for seven years from the date of transfer to the said account, it is credited to the
“Investor Education and Protection Fund”. The unclaimed portion of redeemed debentures includes the premium
payable on the debenture on redemption.

1728 U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID INTEREST

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid interest
Field : unclaimed_int
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Interest payable on debentures/ bonds/ other instruments which remains unpaid / unclaimed for seven years from the
due date is transferred to “Investor Education and Protection Fund”. Any amount of interest which was transfered
to this account by the company during the year is reported in this data field.

U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID OTHERS 1729

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid others
Field : unclaimed_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any amount other than dividends, fixed deposits, debentures and interest that remains unpaid and which is trans-
ferred during the year to the Investor Education and Protection Fund is reported in this data field.

1730 OF WHICH CURRENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS DUE TO SSI S AND SME S

Indicator : Of which current liabilities and provisions due to SSIs and SMEs
Field : curr_liab_prov_ssis_smes
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Schedule VI to the Companies Act,1956, companies are required to disclose as a part of the current liabil-
ities, the outstanding dues to SSIs (small scale industrial undertakings) and SMEs (small and medium enterprises)
and to creditors other than small scale industrial undertakings separately.
This data field captures the outstanding dues to SSIs and SMEs as disclosed by the company. It is an additional
information under current liabilities and provisions.

AUTHORISED EQUITY SHARES 1731

Indicator : Authorised equity shares
Field : authorised_equity_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
Authorised equity shares is the maximum number of equity shares that a company is allowed to issue in order to
raise equity share capital. This number is decided by the company and put in writing in its Memorandum & Articles
of Association (MoA). The company decides on the total authorised capital in term of rupees, the face value of the
shares to be issued and the number of shares that can be issued. A company is required to stipulate its authorised
equity capital at at least rupees one lakh.
This maximum limit also takes into consideration shares that would arise on conversion of convertible debt instru-
ments. Equity shares carry voting rights and carry the right to share the profits in the company.
This data field records the number of equity shares the company is authorised to issue.

1732 AUTHORISED PREFERENCE SHARES

Indicator : Authorised preference shares
Field : authorised_pref_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
Authorised preference shares is the maximum number of preference shares that a company is allowed to issue in
order to raise funds. This number is decided by the company and put in writing in its Memorandum & Articles of
Association (MoA). The company determines the total authorised capital in term of rupees, the face value of the
shares to be issued and the number of shares that can be issued. This data field captures the value of the maximum
number of preference shares that a company is allowed to issue.
Preference shares earn a fixed rate of dividend, unlike equity shares on which dividend rates fluctuate. They carry
a preferential right with respect to dividends. They also command a precedence over equity shares in the event of a
liquidation, i.e. they command a greater claim on a company’s assets as compared to equity shares. They, however,
do not carry voting rights.

AUTHORISED UNCLASSIFIED SHARES 1733

Indicator : Authorised unclassified shares
Field : authorised_shares_unclassified
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
Companies can issue two types of shares, viz. equity shares and preference shares. While preparing and registering
the Memorandum & Articles of Association, companies are required to stipulate their maximum authorised capital
in terms of value in rupees, face value and maximum number of shares that can be issued. Sometimes, companies
might not classify shares at the time of incorporation, or they might not clearly present the type of shares in their
annual reports.
In such cases, where it is not possible to decipher the type of shares for which maximum limits have been prescribed,
Prowess captures them as authorised unclassified shares. This data field captures the maximum number of such
unclassified authorised shares that a company is allowed to issue.

1734 AUTHORISED EQUITY CAPITAL

Indicator : Authorised equity capital
Field : authorised_equity_capital
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Authorised equity capital is the maximum amount of funds that a company is allowed to raise via the issue of equity
shares. Such a limit is decided by the company and put in writing in its Memorandum & Articles of Association
(MoA). The company decides on the total authorised equity capital in term of rupees, the face value of the shares
to be issued and the number of shares that can be issued. A company’s authorised equity capital is required to be
stipulated at at least rupees one lakh. This data field records the maximum amount that a company can raise via the
issue of equity shares, i.e. the authorised equity capital.
This maximum limit also takes into consideration shares that would arise on conversion of convertible debt in-
struments. Equity shares carry voting rights and carry the right to share the profits in the company, by way of a
dividend.

AUTHORISED PREFERENCE CAPITAL 1735

Indicator : Authorised preference capital
Field : authorised_pref_capital
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Authorised preference capital is the maximum amount in rupees that a company is allowed to raise by way of an
issue of preference shares. This limit is decided by the company and put in writing in its Memorandum & Articles
of Association (MoA). The company determines the total authorised preference capital in term of rupees, the face
value of the shares to be issued and the number of shares that can be issued. This data field captures the value of
the authorised preference share capital of a company.
Preference shares earn a fixed rate of dividend, unlike equity shares on which dividend rates fluctuate. They
command a preferential right with respect to dividends. Preference shareholders enjoy a precedence over equity
shareholders in the event of a liquidation, i.e. they command a greater claim on a company’s assets as compared to
equity shares. Preference shares, however, do not carry voting rights.

1736 AUTHORISED UNCLASSIFIED CAPITAL

Indicator : Authorised unclassified capital
Field : authorised_cap_unclassified
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies can issue two types of shares, viz. equity shares and preference shares. While preparing and registering
the Memorandum & Articles of Association, companies are required to stipulate their maximum authorised capital
in terms of value in rupees, face value and maximum number of shares that can be issued. Sometimes, companies
might not classify their authorised share capital at the time of incorporation, or they might not clearly present the
type of shares in their annual reports.
In such cases, where it is not possible to decipher the type of shares for which maximum limits have been prescribed,
Prowess captures them as authorised unclassified shares. This data field captures the maximum value of such
authorised share capital that has not been classified, that a company is allowed to raise.

I SSUED EQUITY SHARES 1737

Indicator : Issued equity shares
Field : issued_equity_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field captures the number of equity shares issued by a company. Usually the number of issued shares is the
same as the number of outstanding shares except in cases where there have been stock repurchases. The maximum
number of equity shares that a company can issue depends on the ’authorised equity shares’ that a company has
laid down in its Memorandum & Articles of Association. This maximum limit also takes into consideration shares
that would arise on conversion of convertible debt instruments.
Equity shares carry voting rights and carry the right to share the profits in the company, by way of a dividend.
Issued equity shares include shares issued against American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository
Receipts (GDRs). Companies have to lodge the shares against which GDRs/ADRs are issued with overseas depos-
itory banks. GDRs and ADRs are then issued to investors against these shares. Issued equity shares also include
shares issued on conversion of shares warrants or convertible debts or loans.

1738 I SSUED PREFERENCE SHARES

Indicator : Issued preference shares
Field : issued_pref_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field captures the number of preference shares issued by the company. It includes all kinds of preference
shares that have been issued, irrespective of whether they are redeemable or irredeemable, cumulative or non-
cumulative, convertible or non-convertible. The maximum number of preference shares that a company can issue
depends on the ’authorised preference shares’ that a company has laid down in its Memorandum & Articles of
Association.
do not carry voting rights.

I SSUED EQUITY CAPITAL 1739

Indicator : Issued equity capital
Field : issued_equity_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount (in value) of equity shares issued by a company. It includes shares issued for
consideration other than cash. It can be represented by the sum of the face values of all equity shares that have been
issued by the company. It excludes the premium, which is captured separately and is a part of reserves.
The amount of capital that a company raises via the issue of equity shares is subject to a limit laid down in the
company’s Memorandum & Articles of Association. This limit is known as ’authorised equity capital’. This
maximum limit also takes into consideration shares that would arise on conversion of convertible debt instruments.
Hence, at no point in time can issued equity capital ever exceed the authorised equity capital. A company can issue
any amount of equity capital as long as it does not exceed the authorised equity capital.
Equity shares carry voting rights and carry the right to share the profits in the company, by way of a dividend.
Hence, equity capital essentially amounts to the stake of the real owners of a company.
Issued equity shares include shares issued against American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and Global Depository
Receipts (GDRs). Companies have to lodge the shares against which GDRs/ADRs are issued with overseas depos-
itory banks. GDRs and ADRs are then issued to investors against these shares. Issued equity shares also include
shares issued on conversion of shares warrants or convertible debts or loans.

1740 I SSUED PREFERENCE CAPITAL

Indicator : Issued preference capital
Field : issued_pref_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount (in value) of preference shares issued by a company. In other words, it is the
sum of the face values of all preference shares issued by a company. It includes the value of all issued preference
shares irrespective of whether they are redeemable or irredeemable, cumulative or non-cumulative, convertible or
non-convertible.
The amount of capital that a company raises via the issue of preference shares is subject to the ’authorised pref-
erence capital’ prescribed and laid down in the company’s Memorandum & Articles of Association. Hence, at no
point in time can issued preference capital ever exceed the authorised preference capital. A company can issue any
amount of preference share capital, as long as it does not exceed the authorised preference share capital.
do not carry voting rights. Hence, although preference shareholders are said to own capital, they are not owners of
the company in the true sense.

S UBSCRIBED EQUITY SHARES 1741

Indicator : Subscribed equity shares
Field : subscribed_net_equity_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
The number of equity shares that a company can issue in order to raise capital is subject to the limit prescribed and
laid down in its Memorandum & Articles of Association. This is known as ’authorised equity shares’. Hence, a
company can issue as many number of equity shares, as long as it does not exceed the number of authorised equity
shares. However, whether or not capital is actually raised from the shares issued depends on whether investors
actually subscribe to these shares. This data field captures the number of shares from the issued equity shares that
have actually been subscribed to.
shares.
If some investors fail to make payment for the shares allotted to them, the company forfeits their shares. Such
forfeited shares become the property of the company, which it may choose to either re-sell or cancel outright while
retaining the call monies collected thus far. Rights with respect to the shares, of the person whose shares were
forfeited are extinguished once shares are forfeited.
This data field captures the quantity of equity shares of a company that have been subscribed to. The quantity is
net of forfeited shares.

1742 S UBSCRIBED PREFERENCE SHARES

Indicator : Subscribed preference shares
Field : subscribed_net_pref_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
The number of preference shares that a company can issue in order to raise capital is subject to the limit prescribed
and laid down in its Memorandum & Articles of Association. This is known as ’authorised preference shares’.
Hence, a company can issue as many number of preference shares, as long as it does not exceed the number of
authorised preference shares. However, whether or not capital is actually raised from the shares issued depends on
whether investors actually subscribe to these shares. This data field captures the number of shares from the issued
preference shares that have actually been subscribed to.
Preference shares differ from equity shares. Preference shares carry a preferential right of dividends and a prefer-
ential right over the paid-up capital. However, they do not carry voting rights.
When a company decides to issue preference shares, investors apply to subscribe to these. The company then allots
these shares to the investors. These preference shares allotted to the applicants are known as subscribed preference
shares.
Sometimes, certain investors might fail to make payment for the preference shares allotted to them. In such cases,
the company might forfeit such shares. Such forfeited shares become the property of the company, which it may
choose to either re-sell or cancel outright while retaining the call monies collected thereon. Rights with respect to
the shares, of the person whose shares were forfeited are extinguished once the shares are forfeited.
This data field captures the number of preference shares of a company that have been subscribed to. This quantity
is net of forfeited shares.

S UBSCRIBED EQUITY CAPITAL 1743

Indicator : Subscribed equity capital
Field : subscribed_net_equity_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The amount of capital that a company is allowed to raise via the issue of equity shares is subject to the limit
prescribed and laid down in its Memorandum & Articles of Association. This is known as ’authorised equity
capital’. Hence, a company can issue and raise as much funds through equity shares, as long as the amount does
not exceed the authorised equity capital. However, whether or not capital is actually raised from the shares issued
depends on whether investors actually subscribe to these shares. This data field captures the value of capital raised
through equity shares that have actually been subscribed to.
shares.
This data field captures the quantum of capital raised through equity shares of a company that have been subscribed
to. This value is net of the value of forfeited shares.

1744 S UBSCRIBED PREFERENCE CAPITAL

Indicator : Subscribed preference capital
Field : subscribed_net_pref_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The amount of capital that a company is allowed to raise via the issue of preference shares is subject to the limit
prescribed and laid down in its Memorandum & Articles of Association. This is known as ’authorised preference
share capital’. Hence, a company can issue and raise as much funds through preference shares, as long as the
amount does not exceed the authorised preference share capital. However, whether or not capital is actually raised
from the shares issued depends on whether investors actually subscribe to these shares. This data field captures the
value of capital raised through preference shares that have actually been subscribed to.
Preference shares differ from equity shares. They earn a fixed rate of dividend, unlike equity shares on which
dividend rates fluctuate. They carry a preferential right with respect to dividends. They also command a precedence
over equity shares in the event of a liquidation, i.e. they command a greater claim on a company’s assets as
compared to equity shares. They, however, do not carry voting rights.
When a company decides to issue preference shares, investors apply to the company to subscribe to these. The
company then allots these shares to the investors. The shares that are allotted to the applicants are known as
subscribed preference shares.
This data field captures the quantum of capital raised through preference shares of a company that have been
subscribed to. This value is net of the value of forfeited shares.

PAID UP EQUITY SHARES 1745

Indicator : Paid up equity shares
Field : paidup_equity_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field captures the quantity of paid up equity shares of a company that have been subscribed to and paid
for. The quantities are net of forfeited shares.
When a company decides to issue equity shares for cash, investors apply to the company to subscribe to these.
The company then allots these shares to the investors. Such shares that are alloted to the applicants are known as
subscribed equity shares.
The company also issues shares for consideration without cash. Examples of such issuances are bonus shares,
shares issued on conversion of convertible debentures, shares issued pursuant to amalgamation. These are also
included in paid up equity shares.
Sometimes companies issue and allot shares that are paid for in parts. The company makes calls for payments of
such shares.

1746 PAID UP PREFERENCE SHARES

Indicator : Paid up preference shares
Field : paidup_pref_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field captures the value of the preference shares of a company that have been subscribed to and paid for.
This figure captured is net of the value of forfeited shares.
Preference shares have no voting rights and no rights over the company’s profits. However, they have a preferential
right over dividends. Preference shareholders are entitled to a fixed rate of dividend, irrespective of whether the
company earns profits or not, as against equity shareholders who are not entitled to dividend in times of loss.
Preference shareholders also enjoy superior claim over the company’s assets in the eventuality of winding up and
liquidation.
Preference shares are generally shown in the Annual Reports and many other presentations along with equity
shares. Prowess also shows them just after equity shares in its reports. However, for all analytical purposes and
in all ratio computations, Prowess considers preference shares to be at par with borrowings. In Prowess reports,
preference capital is shown as part of a company’s shareholders funds but is excluded from the computation of its
net worth.

D EPOSIT KEPT WITH RBI ( FOR FOREIGN BANKS ) 1747

Indicator : Deposit kept with RBI (for foreign banks)
Field : share_cap_deposit_rbi
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Section 11(2)(b) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, a bank incorporated outside India is required to
deposit with the RBI an amount of at least rupees fifteen lakh (rupees twenty lakh in case it has a place or places of
business in Mumbai and/or Kolkata). Such a deposit can either be in the form cash or in the form of unencumbered
approved securities. Apart from this, an amount calculated at twenty per cent of such a bank’s profits every year is
also supposed to be deposited likewise.
This data field captures the outstanding value of such deposits that banks incorporated abroad keep with the RBI.

1748 N UMBER OF SHARES HELD BY HOLDING COMPANY

Indicator : Number of shares held by holding company
Field : shares_nos_holding_co
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
Accounting Standard 21 on ’Consolidation of financial statements’ issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India (ICAI) states that a holding-subsidiary relationship between two companies can be established when one
company owns, directly or indirectly (through its subsidiary/ies), more than one-half of the voting power of another
company, or if it controls the composition of the Board of Directors in another company.
The company that holds the voting power or controls the composition of another company’s Board of Directors is
known as the ’holding company’ and the other company in which its holds the said power or control, is called a
’subsidiary’.
This data field captures the number of equity shares of a company that are being held by its holding company.

N UMBER OF SHARES HELD BY HOLDING COMPANY (%) 1749

Indicator : Number of shares held by holding company (%)
Field : shares_pct_holding_co
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
Accounting Standard 21 (Consolidation of financial statements) states that there is a holding–subsidiary relation-
ship between two companies when one company owns directly or indirectly (through its subsidiary/ies) more than
one–half of the voting power of another company or it controls the composition of the board of directors in another
company.
The company that holds the voting power or controls the composition of the Board of Directors is called as the
“holding company” and the company in which its holds the said power or control, is called the “subsidiary”.
Per cent of equity shares of the company held by the holding company is reported in this field.

1750 E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED WITHOUT PAYMENT BEING RECEIVED IN CASH

Indicator : Equity shares allotted without payment being received in cash
Field : equity_allot_without_payment
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
Often, a company allots its equity shares for considerations other than cash. Examples of such cases are conversion
of a convertible debt instruments into equity shares, share swaps or shares issued at the time of a merger/acquisition,
etc. Other instances are the exercising of the Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) by employees and the issuance
of shares to lenders in lieu of a loan settlement. Such share issues do not involve the inflow of cash.
This data field captures the number of all types of equity shares allotted without a consideration being received in
cash. Companies are required to make a disclosure of such shares issued for consideration other than cash in their
balance sheets under ’subscribed share capital’ in the note on share capital, either as ’subscribed and fully paid-up’
or ’subscribed but not fully paid-up’ as the case might be.

E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED PURSUANT TO THE SCHEME OF MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS 1751

Indicator : Equity shares allotted pursuant to the scheme of mergers & acquisitions
Field : equity_allot_mna
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
When a company allots shares in accordance with a scheme of merger/acquisition to other entities for consideration
other than cash then the number of such shares allotted are reported in this data field.

1752 E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED ON CONVERSION OF LOANS AND DEBT

Indicator : Equity shares allotted on conversion of loans and debt
Field : equity_allot_loan_debt_conv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
At the time of conversion of convertible debentures companies allot equity shares to the debenture holders. Such
shares alloted against the debentures are usually reported as equity shares alloted on conversion of loans/debt. The
number of shares allotted in such cases is captured in this data field.
Sometimes, banks/ financial institutions at the time of one time settlement of an advance, accept equity shares
against outstanding debt from companies which are not in a position to repay the debt in cash. The number of these
shares is also captured in this data field.

E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED ON CONVERSION OF CONVERTIBLE WARRANTS 1753

Indicator : Equity shares allotted on conversion of convertible warrants
Field : equity_allot_convertible_warrants
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
A warrant is a security that gives the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a
specific price within a certain time frame. If equity shares are alloted upon the conversion of convertible warrants
then the number of shares so alloted is reported in this data field.

1754 E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED ON CONVERSION OF ECB, FCCB

Indicator : Equity shares allotted on conversion of ECB, FCCB
Field : equity_allot_gdr_ecb_conv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field is one of the indicators on Prowess presented as being part of the section ’equity shares allotted
without payment being received in cash’. It captures the value of those equity shares of a company that have been
issued without consideration having been received in cash, pursuant to the conversion of ECBs and FCCBs to
equity.
An ECB (External Commercial Borrowing) is an instrument used in India to facilitate Indian companies’ access
to foreign funds. These include fixed rate bonds such as Euro bonds or Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds
(FCCBs). Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) are bonds issued by an Indian company, expressed in
foreign currency, and the principal and interest in respect of which is payable in foreign currency. Further, the
bonds are required to be issued in accordance with a scheme viz., ’Issue of foreign currency convertible bonds
and ordinary shares (through depositary receipt mechanism) scheme, 1993’, and subscribed by a non-resident in
foreign currency and converted into ordinary shares of the issuing company on the basis of any equity related
warrants attached to debt instruments.
This data field captures the number of shares that have been allotted as ’fully paid up’ pursuant to the conversion
of ECBs and FCCBs till the balance sheet date. It is an outstanding figure. In other words, it represents the number
of shares that have arisen due to conversion till the previous balance sheet date, increased by the number of shares
issued during the current accounting period.

E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED IN ESOP S 1755

Indicator : Equity shares allotted in ESOPs
Field : equity_allot_esop
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
“Employee Stock Option” is an option given to the specified employees of a company to purchase, at a future date,
the securities offered by the company at a predetermined price. The number of shares allotted under Employee
Stock Option Scheme is reported in this data field.

1756 E QUITY SHARE ALLOTTED ON CONVERSION OF PREFERENCE SHARE

Indicator : Equity share allotted on conversion of preference share
Field : equity_allot_pref_share_conv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
A company might allot its equity shares for considerations other than cash in certain circumstances. Such circum-
stances include the conversion of a convertible debt instrument into equity, or mergers/acquisitions wherein shares
are issued to the shareholders of merged entities. Other instances involving the allotment of shares otherwise than
for cash are the exercising of the Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) by employees, and the issuance of shares to
lenders in lieu of a loan settlement, or issuing of shares against warrants, etc.
Companies might choose to raise capital by issuing preference shares that carry an option of either being redeemed
for cash or that can be converted into equity shares at the option of the company. If at the time of the maturity of the
said preference shares, the company opts to convert the same into equity shares, it would not need to pay in cash.
In other words, the conversion of preference shares to equity shares would result in the issue of equity shares for a
consideration otherwise than for cash. Such shares are usually reported as ’equity shares allotted on conversion of
convertible preference shares’.
This data field captures the number of such shares allotted against convertible preference shares. It is an additional
information field.

E QUITY SHARES ISSUED AGAINST ADR S /GDR S 1757

Indicator : Equity shares issued against ADRs/GDRs
Field : eqty_sh_issued_agnst_adr_gdr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This field is one of the child indicators listed under the "paid up capital" data field on Prowess. It is an addendum
information field, which captures the value of the number of a company’s equity shares which has been issued
pursuant to the issue of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and/or Global Depository Receipts (GDRs).
Depository receipts (DRs) are negotiable securities through which Indian companies can raise capital from abroad.
They represent rupee-denominated equity shares of a company, held as deposit by a custodian bank in India. De-
pository receipts are traded on various stock exchanges abroad - USA, Singapore, Luxembourg, London, etc. DRs
listed and traded in the US markets are known as American Depository Receipts (ADRs), while those listed and
traded elsewhere are known as Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). From the point of view of Indian companies,
ADRs/GDRs are foreign direct investment (FDI).
Indian companies can issue ADRs/GDRs in accordance with the Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds and Ordinary
Shares (Through Depository Receipt Mechanism) Scheme, 1993 and guidelines issued by the Government of India
thereunder from time to time. There are certain conditions that need to be complied with in order to be able to issue
ADRs/GDRs, namely:-
1. A company can issue ADRs/GDRs, if it is eligible to issue shares to a person resident outside India under the
FDI scheme. However, a listed company, which is no longer eligible to raise funds from the Indian capital
market, including a company which has been restrained from accessing the securities market by the Securities
and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), is not eligible to issue ADRs/GDRs.
2. Unlisted companies which have so far not made use of the ADR/GDR route to raise capital would require
prior or simultaneous listing in the domestic market, while seeking to issue such overseas instruments. Un-
listed companies which have already issued ADRs/GDRs in the international market are required to get listed
on domestic markets from the time they earn profits or within three years of such issue of ADRs/GDRs,
whichever is earlier.
3. ADRs/GDRs are issued on the basis of the ratio worked out by the company seeking to raise capital, in
consultation with the Lead Manager to the issue. The funds so raised are supposed to be kept abroad till
actually required in India. Pending repatriation or utilisation of the proceeds, the Indian company can invest
the funds in:-
a. Deposits with, or Certificate of Deposit or other instruments offered by banks which have been rated by
agencies such as Standard and Poors, Fitch or Moody’s, etc. Such ratings should not be lower than that
stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time for the purpose;
b. Deposits with branches of Indian authorised dealers outside India; and
c. Treasury bills and other monetary instruments with a maturity or un-expired maturity of one year or less.
There is no monetary limit with regard to the amount that a company can raise through ADRs/GDRs. Also, there
are no restrictions on the end use of funds thus raised, except in case a ban has been imposed on the deploy-
ment/investment of such funds in real estate or in the stock market.

1758 E QUITY SHARES ISSUED AGAINST ADR S /GDR S
The pricing of ADR/GDR issues are determined under the provisions of the Scheme of issue of Foreign Currency
Convertible Bonds and Ordinary Shares (Through Depository Receipt Mechanism) Scheme, 1993 and guidelines
issued by the Government of India and directions issued by the Reserve Bank, from time to time.

E QUITY SHARES RE - CONVERTED IN ADR S AND GDR S 1759

Indicator : Equity shares re-converted in ADRs and GDRs
Field : equity_share_reconv_adr_gdr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This field is one of the child indicators listed under the data field ’paid up capital’. It is an addendum information
field, which captures the value of the number of company’s equity shares that were issued against ADRs/GDRs,
were subsequently cancelled at the option of a seller, and which have thereafter been reconverted into the same
when a new buyer enters the scene.
Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) and American Depository Receipts (ADRs) are quasi-capital instruments,
since they are backed by equity shares. Companies raising capital through GDRs/ADRs have to lodge the shares
against which the depository receipts are issued with overseas depository banks.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), vide AP (DIR) Circular No.21 dated 13 February 2002, has issued operative
guidelines for the two-way fungibility of ADRs/GDRs. Two-way fungibility means that the depository receipts can
be converted into underlying shares and underlying shares can be converted into depository receipts.
An investor who holds ADRs/GDRs can cancel them with the depository and sell the underlying shares in the
domestic market. The company can then issue fresh ADRs/GDRs to the extent of shares cancelled. Stock brokers
in India have been authorised to purchase such shares for re-conversion. The domestic custodian coordinates with
the overseas depository and the Indian company to verify the quantum of re-conversion which is possible and also
to ensure that the sectoral cap is not breached. The domestic custodian would then inform the overseas depository
bank to issue ADR/GDR to the new overseas investor. No specific permission of the RBI is required for a re-
conversion.
Two-way fungibility helps in increasing liquidity and facilitates the realignment of prices, thus minimising the
divergent premium/discount levels prevailing between ADR/GDR prices and domestic stock prices.

1760 E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED DURING PAST FIVE YEARS WITHOUT PAYMENT BEING RECEIVED IN CASH

Indicator : Equity shares allotted during past five years without payment being received in
cash
Field : eqty_sh_past_five_yrs_without_cash
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
Often a company allots its equity shares for considerations other than cash. This usually happens during the
conversion of a convertible debt instrument into equity, or during a merger/acquisition wherein shares are issued to
the shareholders of merged entities. Other instances are the exercising of the Employee Stock Option by employees
and the issuance of shares to lenders in lieu of a loan settlement. The number of such equity shares allotted for
consideration other than cash is captured in this data field.
With respect to shares issued to persons for consideration other than cash as part of a settlement of a contract for
services or for transfer of assets, the contract for such a service or transfer of assets needs to be filed with the
Registrar of Companies within a period of 30 days from the data of such an allotment.
This data field captures the outstanding value of the number of shares allotted for consideration other than cash
during the five year period ending as on a given balance sheet date. It is an addendum information field.

E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED DURING PAST FIVE YEARS PURSUANT TO THE SCHEME OF MERGERS &
ACQUISITIONS 1761

Indicator : Equity shares allotted during past five years pursuant to the scheme of mergers &
acquisitions
Field : eqty_sh_past_five_yrs_merger_and_acq
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
A company might allot its equity shares for considerations other than cash in certain circumstances. This could
happen during the conversion of a convertible debt instrument into equity, or during a merger/acquisition wherein
shares are issued to the shareholders of merged entities. Other instances involving the allotment of shares otherwise
than for cash are the exercising of the Employee Stock Option Plan by employees, and the issuance of shares to
lenders in lieu of a loan settlement.
Mergers and acquisitions, acquisitions in particular, involve the allotment of shares of the transferee company to
the shareholders of the transferor companies, in the exchange ratio calculated in the light of the business purchase
value of the acquired entity and the market value/intrinsic value of shares.
This data field is an addendum information field. It captures the outstanding value of the number of shares allotted
for consideration other than cash during the five year period ending as on a given balance sheet date, emanating
from schemes of mergers & acquisitions.

1762 E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED DURING PAST FIVE YEARS ON CONVERSION OF LOANS AND DEBT

Indicator : Equity shares allotted during past five years on conversion of loans and debt
Field : eqty_sh_past_five_yrs_conver_loan
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
lenders in lieu of a loan settlement.
At the time of conversion of convertible debentures, companies allot equity shares to the debenture holders. Such
shares allotted against debentures are usually reported as ’equity shares allotted on conversion of loans/debt’.
This data field captures the number of such shares allotted against convertible debt instruments. Sometimes,
banks/financial institutions at the time of one-time settlement of an advance, accept equity shares against out-
standing debt from companies which are not in a position to repay the debt in cash. The number of these shares is
also captured in this data field (from the point of view of the issuing company).
for consideration other than cash during the five year period ending as on a given balance sheet date, pertaining to
conversion of loans and debt.

E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED DURING PAST FIVE YEARS ON CONVERSION OF CONVERTIBLE WARRANTS 1763

Indicator : Equity shares allotted during past five years on conversion of convertible warrants
Field : eqty_sh_past_five_yrs_convr_warrants
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
Warrants are similar to stock options. They give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an underlying
security at a specific price, a specific quantity and at a future date. The major difference between a warrant and an
option is that warrants are issued by a company, whereas an option is an instrument of the stock exchange. The
security represented in the warrant (usually equity shares) are delivered by the issuing company instead of by an
investor holding the shares.
Companies often issue warrants with an intention to entice investors into buying the underlying stock. Warrants can
increase a shareholder’s confidence in a stock, provided the underlying value of the security increases over time.
for consideration other than cash during the five year period ending as on a given balance sheet date, on the
conversion of warrants.

1764 E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED DURING PAST FIVE YEARS ON CONVERSION OF ECB, FCCB.

Indicator : Equity shares allotted during past five years on conversion of ECB, FCCB.
Field : eqty_sh_past_five_yrs_conver_gdr_ecb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
External Commercial Borrowings (ECBs) are instruments used to facilitate access to foreign money by Indian
companies. These include fixed rate bonds such as Euro bonds or Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs).
FCCBs are bonds issued by an Indian company and expressed in foreign currency, the principal and interest in
respect of which are payable in foreign currency. They are required to be issued in accordance with the "Issue of
foreign currency convertible bonds and ordinary shares (through depositary receipt mechanism) scheme, 1993",
and subscribed to by non-residents in foreign currency and converted into ordinary shares of the issuing company
on the basis of any equity related warrants attached to debt instruments.
This data field is an addendum information field. It captures the number of paid up shares that have been allotted
by way of conversion of ECBs and FCCBs during the last five years ending as on a given balance sheet date. In
other words, it is the cumulative number of shares that have been allotted otherwise than in terms of cash in the
past five years, pursuant to the conversion of ECBs and FCCBs.

E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED DURING PAST FIVE YEARS IN ESOP S 1765

Indicator : Equity shares allotted during past five years in ESOPs
Field : eqty_sh_past_five_yrs_alloted_in_esop
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
"Employee Stock Option" is an option given to the specified employees of a company to purchase, at a future date,
the securities offered by the company at a predetermined price. Employees have to wait for a certain duration,
known as the vesting period, before such an ESOP can be exercised. ESOPs help the company reward employees
and help in motivating them, without having to actively spend cash.
This data field is an addendum information field. It captures the number of paid up shares that have been allotted
in the past five years ending on the specified balance sheet date, that have been issued towards the exercise of an
ESOP scheme.

1766 E QUITY SHARES ALLOTTED DURING PAST FIVE YEARS ON CONVERSION OF PREFERENCE SHARE

Indicator : Equity shares allotted during past five years on conversion of preference share
Field : eqty_sh_past_five_yrs_convr_pref_share
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
Companies might choose to raise capital by issuing preference shares that carry an option of either being redeemed
for cash or that can be converted into equity shares at the option of the company. If at the time of the maturity of the
said preference shares, the company opts to convert the same into equity shares, it would not need to pay in cash.
In other words, the conversion of preference shares to equity shares would result in the issue of equity shares for
a consideration otherwise than for cash. Such shares are usually reported as ’equity shares allotted on conversion
of convertible preference shares’. This data field captures the number of such shares allotted against convertible
preference shares.
This data field captures the number of paid up shares that have been allotted in the past five years preceding the
specified balance sheet date, that have been issued pursuant to the conversion of preference shares to equity shares.
It is an additional information field.

E QUITY SHARES ISSUED AGAINST ADR S /GDR S DURING PAST FIVE YEARS 1767

Indicator : Equity shares issued against ADRs/GDRs during past five years
Field : eqty_sh_past_five_yrs_issued_agnst_adr_gdr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field captures the value of the number of equity shares issued by a company pursuant to the issue of
American Depository Receipts (ADRs) and/or Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) during the five-year period
immediately preceding the current year. It is an additional information field.
Depository receipts (DRs) are negotiable securities through which Indian companies can raise capital from abroad.
They represent rupee-denominated equity shares of a company, held as deposit by a custodian bank in India. De-
pository receipts are traded on various stock exchanges abroad - USA, Singapore, Luxembourg, London, etc. DRs
listed and traded in the US markets are known as American Depository Receipts (ADRs), while those listed and
traded elsewhere are known as Global Depository Receipts (GDRs). From the point of view of Indian companies,
ADRs/GDRs are foreign direct investment (FDI).
ADRs/GDRs are issued by a domestic custodian bank, and are purchased by foreign investors who deposit the
underlying shares in a foreign depository bank. Each depository receipt can represent a fraction of a domestic
share, or a single share, or multiple shares. The price of a depository receipt tracks the price of the underlying
shares.
Indian companies can issue ADRs/GDRs in accordance with the Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds and Ordinary
Shares (Through Depository Receipt Mechanism) Scheme, 1993 and guidelines issued by the Government of India
thereunder from time to time. There are certain conditions that need to be complied with in order to be able to issue
ADRs/GDRs, namely:-
1. A company can issue ADRs/GDRs, if it is eligible to issue shares to a person resident outside India under the
FDI scheme. However, a listed company, which is no longer eligible to raise funds from the Indian capital
market, including a company which has been restrained from accessing the securities market by the Securities
and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), is not eligible to issue ADRs/GDRs.
2. Unlisted companies which have so far not made use of the ADR/GDR route to raise capital would require
prior or simultaneous listing in the domestic market, while seeking to issue such overseas instruments. Un-
listed companies which have already issued ADRs/GDRs in the international market are required to get listed
on domestic markets from the time they earn profits or within three years of such issue of ADRs/GDRs,
whichever is earlier.
3. ADRs/GDRs are issued on the basis of the ratio worked out by the company seeking to raise capital, in
consultation with the Lead Manager to the issue. The funds so raised are supposed to be kept abroad till
actually required in India. Pending repatriation or utilisation of the proceeds, the Indian company can invest
the funds in:-
a. Deposits with, or Certificate of Deposit or other instruments offered by banks which have been rated by
agencies such as Standard and Poors, Fitch or Moody’s, etc. Such ratings should not be lower than that
stipulated by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time for the purpose;
b. Deposits with branches of Indian authorised dealers outside India; and
c. Treasury bills and other monetary instruments with a maturity or un-expired maturity of one year or less.

1768 E QUITY SHARES ISSUED AGAINST ADR S /GDR S DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
There is no monetary limit with regard to the amount that a company can raise through ADRs/GDRs. Also, there
are no restrictions on the end use of funds thus raised, except in case a ban has been imposed on the deploy-
ment/investment of such funds in real estate or in the stock market.

E QUITY SHARES RE - CONVERTED IN ADR S AND GDR S DURING PAST FIVE YEARS 1769

Indicator : Equity shares re-converted in ADRs and GDRs during past five years
Field : eqty_sh_past_five_yrs_reconv_adr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This field is an addendum information field, which captures the number of a company’s equity shares that were
issued against ADRs/GDRs, were subsequently cancelled at the option of a seller, and which have thereafter been
re-converted into ADRs/GDRs with the entry of a new foreign investor. It captures the number of such shares
issued during the five-year period immediately preceding the current year.
Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) and American Depository Receipts (ADRs) are quasi-capital instruments,
since they are backed by equity shares. Companies raising capital through GDRs/ADRs have to lodge the shares
against which the depository receipts are issued with overseas depository banks.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), vide AP (DIR) Circular No.21 dated 13 February 2002, has issued operative
guidelines for the two-way fungibility of ADRs/GDRs. Two-way fungibility means that the depository receipts can
be converted into underlying shares and underlying shares can be converted into depository receipts.
An investor who holds ADRs/GDRs can cancel them with the depository and sell the underlying shares in the
domestic market. The company can then issue fresh ADRs/GDRs to the extent of shares cancelled. Stock brokers
in India have been authorised to purchase such shares for re-conversion. The domestic custodian coordinates with
the overseas depository and the Indian company to verify the quantum of re-conversion which is possible and also
to ensure that the sectoral cap is not breached. The domestic custodian would then inform the overseas depository
bank to issue ADR/GDR to the new overseas investor. No specific permission of the RBI is required for a re-
conversion.
Two-way fungibility helps in increasing liquidity and facilitates the realignment of prices, thus minimising the
divergent premium/discount levels prevailing between ADR/GDR prices and domestic stock prices.

1770 C ALL IN ARREARS AMOUNT

Indicator : Call in arrears amount
Field : call_in_arrears
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When shares are issued and allotted, the entire amount thereon might not be collected at one point in time. A
certain portion is collected at the time of application of shares, a certain portion at the time of allotment, and the
remaining might be called up in one or more installments in the future. A call is a demand made by a company on
its shareholders to pay the whole or a part of the balance unpaid price on shares allotted. If such call money is not
received by the company on time, then such an amount which has been called up but not received is recorded under
’calls in arrears’. The amount of calls in arrears is reduced from the face value of the allotted shares to arrive at the
paid-up capital.
This data field captures the total outstanding amount pertaining to call in arrears, as at the end of an accounting
period.

C ALL IN ARREARS ( DIRECTORS ) 1771

Indicator : Call in arrears (directors)
Field : call_in_arrears_frm_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
paid-up capital.
As per Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, calls in arrears are classified into those from the directors and
from others. This data field captures the portion that is attributed to a company’s directors.

1772 C ALL IN ARREARS ( OTHERS )

Indicator : Call in arrears (others)
Field : call_in_arrears_frm_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
paid-up capital.
As per Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, calls in arrears are classified into those due from the directors and
the residual amount due from persons other than directors, i.e. ’others’. This data field captures the portion that is
attributed to persons other than the issuing company’s directors.

R EDUCTION IN EQUITY CAPITAL – AMOUNT 1773

Indicator : Reduction in equity capital – amount
Field : reduct_equity_cap_amt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A reduction in a company’s equity share capital can be effected only in the manner prescribed in sections 100 to
104 of the Companies Act, 1956, or by way of a buy back under section 77 A and 77 B of the same Act. Notice of
alteration to share capital is required to be filed with the registrar of the company within 30 days of the alteration
of the capital clause of the Memorandum of Association. The Registrar shall record the notice and make necessary
alteration in Memorandum and Articles of Association of the company. Any default in giving notice to the registrar
renders company and its officers in default liable to punishment with fine.
This data field captures the reduction in the nominal value of equity share capital of a company carried out by way
of buy back of equity shares or any other manner as specified in the Act, in the current year. It can be segregated
into reduction in equity capital via buy-back of shares, and by means other than a buy-back, for each of which
separate data fields exist.

1774 B UY BACK OF SHARES – AMOUNT

Indicator : Buy back of shares – amount
Field : buyback_amt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A buy-back of shares can be done in two ways. One method involves an entity issuing shares and buying them back
again on a future date, according to a pre-decided fixed agreement. This could happen in the case of a company
buying back its shares from an investor, who put venture capital up for the formation of the company. The other
type involves the buying-back by a corporation of its own stock in the open market in order to reduce the number of
outstanding shares, i.e. to reduce its share capital. This data field captures the nominal value of share capital bought
back by a company during the current year in order to reduce its outstanding issued and paid up share capital.
Section 77 A of the Companies Act, 1956 talks about buy-back of shares. A buy-back can only be done for fully
paid up securities. A buy-back of shares has to be done out of the company’s free reserves, or out of proceeds
of issue of securities other than the type being bought back. The company is not allowed to make an issue of the
same type of securities being bought back for a period of six months from the date of the buy-back (except in the
form of bonus shares or sweat-equity or for discharge of obligations). The buy-back should be authorised by the
company’s Articles of Association, failing which the company should pass a special resolution in a general body
meeting (valid for 12 months). There should be a gap of at least 365 days between two successive buy-backs.
Companies resort to a buy back of shares to improve shareholder value, since with fewer shares earning per share
of the remaining shares will increase. The stock’s price rises due to a restriction in the supply. This helps the
company support its stock price during times of temporary weakness. This measure also helps the company return
surplus cash to shareholders and thereby ensure better management of its working capital.
This data field records the reduction in the nominal value of capital brought about by a buy-back of shares. Only
that part of the consideration that has been paid towards the nominal value of the shares purchased is reported here.
The amount of premium if any, paid by the company is not included in this field.

R EDUCTION IN EQUITY CAPITAL ( OTHER THAN BUY- BACK ) – AMOUNT 1775

Indicator : Reduction in equity capital (other than buy-back) – amount
Field : oth_reduct_equity_cap_amt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the reduction in a company’s equity capital for reasons other than a buy-back of shares.
A reduction in a company’s equity capital could be undertaken pursuant to a scheme of internal reconstruction. It
could also be because of a demerger, hiving off, or because of an extinguishing of shares because of the capital not
being paid.
An internal reconstruction is an arrangement made by companies whereby the claims of shareholders, debenture
holders, creditors and other liabilities are altered or reduced in order to help the company reduce its accumulated
losses. It is a measure undertaken, with the approval of all parties involved, so as to help the company alleviate its
financial condition and eventually return to profits. A scheme of internal reconstruction requires the sanction of the
Court and a special resolution. The paid up value of equity shares or the face value of equity shares is reduced so
as to reduce the company’s liability towards shareholders.

1776 R EDUCTION IN EQUITY CAPITAL – SHARES

Indicator : Reduction in equity capital – shares
Field : reduct_equity_cap_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A reduction in a company’s equity share capital can be effected only in the manner prescribed in sections 100 to
104 of the Companies Act, 1956, or by way of a buy back under section 77 A and 77 B of the same Act. Notice of
alteration to share capital is required to be filed with the registrar of the company within 30 days of the alteration
of the capital clause of the Memorandum of Association. The Registrar shall record the notice and make necessary
alteration in Memorandum and Articles of Association of the company. Any default in giving notice to the registrar
renders company and its officers in default liable to punishment with fine.
This data field captures the reduction in the equity share capital of a company carried out by way of buy back of
equity shares or any other manner as specified in the Act, in the current year, in terms of number of shares reduced
from the outstanding number of shares issued. It can be segregated into reduction in equity capital via buy-back of
shares, and by means other than a buy-back.

B UY BACK OF SHARES – SHARES 1777

Indicator : Buy back of shares – shares
Field : buyback_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
A buy-back of shares can be done in two ways. One method involves the entity issuing shares and buying them back
again on a future date, according to a pre-decided fixed agreement. This could happen in the case of a company
buying back its shares from an investor, who put venture capital up for the formation of the company. The other
type involves the buying-back by a corporation of its own stock in the open market in order to reduce the number of
outstanding shares, i.e. to reduce its share capital. This data field captures the value of the number of shares bought
back by a company during the current year in order to reduce its outstanding issued and paid up share capital.
Section 77 A of the Companies Act, 1956 talks about buy-back of shares. A buy-back can only be done for fully
paid up securities. A buy-back of shares has to be done out of the company’s free reserves, or out of proceeds
This data field records the number of shares bought-back by the company pursuant to a reduction in its share capital.

1778 R EDUCTION IN EQUITY CAPITAL ( OTHER THAN BUY- BACK ) – SHARES

Indicator : Reduction in equity capital (other than buy-back) – shares
Field : oth_reduct_equity_cap_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
This data field captures the reduction in a company’s equity capital in terms of the number of equity shares written
off, for reasons other than because of a buy-back. This could be because of a demerger, hiving off, or because of an
extinguishing of shares because of the capital not being paid. Thus, only those transactions that involve the actually
reduction in the outstanding number of shares issued are captured here.

T OTAL AMOUNT PAID ON BUY- BACK INCLUDING PREMIUM 1779

Indicator : Total amount paid on buy-back including premium
Field : buyback_amt_paid_incl_premium
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A buy-back of shares can be done in two ways. One method involves an entity issuing shares and buying them back
again on a future date, according to a pre-decided fixed agreement. The other method involves the buying-back by
a corporation of its own stock in the open market in order to reduce the number of outstanding shares, i.e. to reduce
its share capital.
Buy-back of shares is governed by section 77 A of the Companies Act, 1956. A buy-back can only be done for
fully paid up securities. A buy-back of shares has to be done out of the company’s free reserves, or out of proceeds
In order to encourage shareholders to sell their shares back to the company, the company obviously has to offer a
price that is better than the market price. Hence, it pays not just the face value of the shares, but also a premium on
shares. This data field captures the amount paid by a company to investors pursuant to a buy-back, including both
the nominal value as well as the premium paid on the shares bought back.

1780 B ONUS SHARE CAPITAL

Indicator : Bonus share capital
Field : bonus_share_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Bonus shares are shares issued by a company to existing shareholders at no additional cost to the shareholder.
They are issued on the basis of the number of shares already held by the shareholder. They are issued in a definite
proportion to the existing holding. For instance, a company might issue bonus shares in the ratio of 2:1, which
means that for every single share held, the company will issue two additional bonus shares to a shareholder. This
data field captures the sum of the face values of all bonus shares it has issued, i.e. that portion of its share capital
that can be attributed to issue of bonus shares.
There are certain conditions that need to be fulfilled before a company issues bonus shares. Such an issue of shares
should be authorised by the company;s articles of association or should be authorised by a resolution passed at a
general body meeting. Bonus shares can be issued only out of the company’s free reserves. The company should
not have defaulted in the payment of principal or interest on fixed deposits or securities issued, or in the payment
of statutory dues of employees such as provident fund, gratuity and bonus payments. Once a decision to make a
bonus issue is announced, it can not be withdrawn.
Bonus shares are issued by profitable companies in order to reward shareholders, without having to incur any cash
outflow. It also helps the company improve the liquidity of its shares, because share prices usually fall when bonus
shares are issued. This helps in making a company’s shares more affordable.

B ONUS SHARES ISSUED DURING PAST FIVE YEARS 1781

Indicator : Bonus shares issued during past five years
Field : bonus_shares_issued_past_five_yrs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
data field captures the cumulative value of the number of bonus shares a company has issued during the five-year
period immediately preceding the current year. It is an additional information field.
Companies usually disclose this information under the schedule/notes to accounts pertaining to ’Share Capital’.

1782 B ONUS SHARES ISSUED

Indicator : Bonus shares issued
Field : bonus_shares_issued
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
data field captures the value of the number of bonus shares a company has issued during the current year. It is
an additional information field. Companies usually disclose this information under the schedule/notes to accounts
pertaining to ’Share Capital’.

R IGHTS SHARES ISSUED DURING THE YEAR 1783

Indicator : Rights shares issued during the year
Field : rights_shares_issued_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Numbers
Description:
A rights issue refers to rights issued by a company to its shareholders to buy additional shares in the company.
The rights issue offer the right to buy a specified number of shares at a specific price. Such shares are usually
offered at a discounted price. The holders of such rights can sell the same in the market. Company makes rights
issues as a measure to quickly raise cash, without having to go through lengthy procedures like making a public
announcement, inviting applications, etc.
This data field captures the value of the number of shares issued by way of a rights issue during the current year.

1784 B ILLS FOR COLLECTION ( BANKS )

Indicator : Bills for collection (banks)
Field : bills_for_collection
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The bills held by the banks on behalf of its customers for the purpose of collection are known as “bills held for
collection”. This data field is applicable to banking companies. This data field shows the outstanding amount of
bills received for collection reported by the bank.

D EPOSITS FROM INDIA 1785

Indicator : Deposits from india
Field : deposits_frm_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures that part of the total deposits of banks that have been accepted by the banks from cus-
tomers in India. It excludes deposits accepted from overseas. This data field is a part of addendum information of
Liabilities. It is mainly applicable to banks.

1786 D EPOSITS FROM OUTSIDE INDIA

Indicator : Deposits from outside india
Field : deposits_frm_outside_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures that part of the total deposits of banks that have been accepted from overseas. Total deposits
from outside India include term depsoits, savings depositis and demand deposits outside India. It excludes deposits
accepted from within India.
This data field is a part of addendum information of liabilities and is mainly applicable to banks.

T ERM DEPOSITS FROM OUTSIDE I NDIA 1787

Indicator : Term deposits from outside India
Field : lt_deposits_frm_outside_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures deposits of banks that have been accepted from overseas in the form of term deposits. It
excludes deposits accepted from within India.

1788 S AVINGS DEPOSITS FROM OUTSIDE I NDIA

Indicator : Savings deposits from outside India
Field : savings_deposits_frm_outside_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding amount of saving deposits accepted by all the foreign branches of a bank
in India. It is an additional information under liabilities of banks.

D EMAND DEPOSITS FROM OUTSIDE I NDIA 1789

Indicator : Demand deposits from outside India
Field : demand_deposits_frm_outside_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total demand deposits accepted by all the foreign branches of a bank in India. It is a
part of the additional information of liabilities of banks.

1790 AUTHORISED EQUITY SHARES ( IN LAKHS )

Indicator : Authorised equity shares (in lakhs)
Field : authorised_equity_shares_in_lakhs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Lakh numbers

I SSUED EQUITY SHARES (I N LAKHS ) 1791

Indicator : Issued equity shares (In lakhs)
Field : issued_equity_shares_in_lakhs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Lakh numbers

1792 S UBSCRIBED NET EQUITY SHARES

Indicator : Subscribed net equity shares
Field : subscribed_net_equity_shares_in_lakhs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Lakh numbers

PAID - UP EQUITY SHARES 1793

Indicator : Paid-up equity shares
Field : paidup_equity_shares_in_lakhs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Lakh numbers

1794 PAID - UP PREF SHARES

Indicator : Paid-up pref shares
Field : paidup_pref_shares_in_lakhs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Lakh numbers

E QUITY ALLOT WITHOUT PAYMENT 1795

Indicator : Equity allot without payment
Field : equity_allot_without_payment_in_lakhs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Lakh numbers

1796 R EDUCTION IN EQUITY CAP SHARES

Indicator : Reduction in equity cap shares
Field : reduct_equity_cap_shares_in_lakhs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Lakh numbers

E QUITY CAPITAL ALLOTED WITHOUT PAYMENT 1797

Indicator : Equity capital alloted without payment
Field : equity_capital_allot_without_payment
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1798 S HAREHOLDERS FUNDS

Indicator : Shareholders funds
Field : shareholders_funds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Shareholders’ funds are those funds that the company owes its equity and preference shareholders. This consists of
the monies put into the company by the share holders in the form of equity and preference capital and the profits
generated and retained as reserves by the company.
Shareholders funds is the sum of net worth (which includes only equity shareholders funds and reserves) and
preference share capital.
The share capital put into the company by the shareholders is reflected in the balance sheet as paid up equity and
preference capital. This is the sum of the face value of shares subscribed to by the shareholders. Any premiums
paid over the face value is accounted for as security premium reserves which is a part of the overall reserves of the
company. These are also included in the shareholders funds.
Forfeited share capital and convertible warrants are also included in shareholders funds.
The data field includes contribution made by government to infuse capital into public institutions and share appli-
cation monies or amounts in suspense account relating to equity or preference shares.
Reserves are the funds generated by the company largely through the profits of the business. All of these are a part
of the shareholders funds.
Revaluation reserves that are also a part of reserves are excluded from the computation of the net worth.

N ET WORTH 1799

Indicator : Net worth
Field : net_worth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The net worth of a company is what it owes its equity share holders. This consists of the monies put into the
company by the equity share holders in the form of equity capital and the profits generated and retained as reserves
by the company.
The equity capital put into the company by the equity shareholders is reflected in the balance sheet as paid up
equity capital. This is the sum of the face value of shares subscribed to by the equity shareholders. Any premiums
paid over the face value is not included here. It is accounted for as security premium reserves which is a part of the
overall reserves of the company. These are also included in the net worth.
The paid up equity shares include all bonus shares issued by the company. Bonus shares are a conversion of reserves
into equity shares. The net worth also include forfeited equity share capital.
The net worth excludes preference share capital. Preference share capital is considered to be a borrowing which
is ultimately redeemed by its share holders. It is therefore not considered a part of net worth which is strictly
the monies owed by the company to its equity shareholders – the providers of long term capital which cannot be
redeemed.
Net worth includes convertible warrants. While warrants are not equity capital they are rights to purchase them at
a later date. They therefore have the same characteristic (although not the rights) as equity shares.
Net worth includes contribution made by government to infuse capital into public institutions. It also includes
equity share application monies or amounts in suspense account relating to equity shares.
Reserves are the funds generated by the company largely through the profits of the business. All of these are
considered as funds that belong to the equity shareholders and are therefore a part of the net worth. Reserves
include security premium reserves (these are given by the shareholders and not generated through the profits of the
business), specific reserves such as redemption reserves and employee stock option reserves and general reserves.
Revaluation reserves that are also a part of reserves are excluded from the computation of the net worth.

1800 TANGIBLE NET WORTH

Indicator : Tangible net worth
Field : tangible_net_worth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Net worth represents the value of the assets of a company on which there is no claim of outsiders. The proceeds on
disposing off these assets belong entirely to the owners of the company i.e. the equity shareholders of the company.
This value is equal to the money brought in by the owners as capital plus the profits accumulated by the owners
over time.
Now, where a lender wishes to lend money to a company, he would invariably look at the net worth of the company.
He would be happy lending such an amount to a company which is not more than the net worth of the company.
This would provide the lender sufficient coverage for his loan. Net worth, however, is not the sole parameter for
evaluating the credit worthiness of a company. In reality, lenders are happy to lend, say, upto 3-5 times the net
worth of the company if the company satisfies their other parameters of credit worthiness. These other parameters,
for example, include nature of business, estimated growth during the loan servicing period, debt servicing ability
etc.
If a company defaults on loan, the recourse for a lender is the assets of the company. The lender can sell the assets
of the company and recover his dues. However, the lender is not the only one to have claim on the assets. There
are others. It is therefore the value of the assets that remain with the company after these others are paid off that
the lender is interested in. This value is the net worth of the company. But the lender would like to take additional
precaution. The lender would also like to remove those assets which are conventionally understood to be not easily
saleable.
Lenders typically believe that while intangible assets command good value, they cannot be easily sold off. For
example, not many in the market would be willing to buy goodwill, unless they buy the company outright. In other
words, lenders believe that intangible assets cannot be disposed off or sold as easily as tangible assets. And that it
may even be difficult to realise the book value in some cases. Hence they prefer to use tangible net worth rather
than total net worth of a company.
While it is good to look at tangible net worth, one cannot conclude that net worth is an inadequate indicator or
unrepresentative indicator of the value of a company. For example, a lender may have a valid point in looking
at the tangible net worth when there is a considerable amount included in the assets as goodwill. However, there
may be cases where the intangible assets may include assets such as patents and copyrights and mining rights or
exclusive marketing rights which are saleable. It would therefore be a good idea to look at both, net worth and
tangible net worth while forming a view on the value of the company.
The formula for tangible net worth in Prowess is as follows; tangiblenetworth = networth −
netintangibleassets where networth = ((totalcapital−paiduppref erencecapital)+(shareapplicationsuspensemoney−
pref erenceshareapplicationmoney−pref erencecapitalsuspenseaccount)+(reserves−revaluationreserves−
miscellaneousexpenseswrittenof f )) and netintangibleassets = netgoodwill + netsof twareassets +
netotherintangibleassets.

S HARE APPLICATION MONEY AND ADVANCES (E Q & P REF ) 1801

Indicator : Share application money and advances (Eq & Pref)
Field : share_appln_money
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Share application money is the amount received by a company from applicants who wish to purchase its shares. It
is the money received in respect to an initial public offering of shares.
Usually, during share subscription, payment is divided into payment on application, on allotment and call payments.
The total amount received on application of shares which are yet to be allotted as on the date of balance sheet is
In Prowess, this is the sum of two Indicators, both of which are captured separately. The two Indicators are: share
application money and advances – equity, and share application money and advances – preference shares.
Share application money is converted into equity capital of an enterprise after allotment of shares to qualifying
applications. The share application money becomes equity after the completion of the allotment process.

1802 C UMULATIVE RETAINED PROFITS

Indicator : Cumulative retained profits
Field : cumulative_retained_profits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Cumulative retained profits is the sum of all profits that the company generated over its lifetime and retained with
itself after paying all taxes and distributing dividends.
Prowess contains an Indicator, “retained profits”, which is the profits that a company generates during a year and
retains with itself after having paid taxes and distributed dividends during the year. This is the profits that the
company retained from the current year’s profits. It is derived from the profit and loss statement of the company.
Cumulative retained profits is derived from the assets and liabilities statements. It is derived by adding the outstand-
ing reserves and bonus shares and deducting security premium reserves, revaluation reserves and miscellaneous
expenses not written off.
Reserves is the accumulation of profits. However, some of it is converted into equity share capital through the
issuance of bonus shares. Therefore, bonus shares are added to reserves.
Reserves includes security premium reserves. Security premium is the premium amount paid by the shareholders
over the par value of shares while subscribing to the shares of the company. Therefore it is not a part of the
accumulated profits. Hence, these are deducted from reserves to compute the accumulated profits.
All computations in Prowess that involve reserves always are net of revaluation reserves and miscellaneous ex-
penses not written off. None of these are derived from profits and are therefore excluded from here too.

F REE RESERVES 1803

Indicator : Free reserves
Field : free_reserves
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Reserves can be classified into two types free reserves and specific reserves. Free reserves are those reserves which
are free for distribution as dividend. Unlike specific reserves, free reserves are not created for some specified
purpose.
As per the Companies Act, 1956, free reserves are all reserves created out of the profits and share premium account
but does not include reserves created out of revaluation of assets, write back of depreciation provisions and amal-
gamation. Free reserves include balance to the credit of the securities premium account but shall not include share
application money.
In Prowess, free reserves is defined as the sum of general reserve, balance as per profit & loss account and other
revenue reserves. These are reserves that are not specific reserves and are generally believed to be free reserves,
although companies do not necessarily classify them as such.
Revaluation reserves, if any are not considered as free reserves.
In their balance sheets, companies generally do not provide a classification of reserves into specific or free reserves.
Prowess identifies each reserve created by the company and segregates it into specific reserve or free reserve.
The purpose of segregating the reserves into free and specific reserves is to give an idea to the shareholders, how
much free reserves does the company have, which can be drawn upon freely. Since there is no specific purpose for
free reserves, a company can draw upon them freely. Free reserves can be used to declare dividends, to issue bonus
shares, to write off accumulated losses and to write off share issue expenses.

1804 S PECIFIC RESERVES

Indicator : Specific reserves
Field : specific_reserves
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Specific reserve is created out of profits for a particular purpose. Such reserves can be used only for the purpose for
which they are created and not for any other purpose. The following kinds of reserves are considered to be specific
reserves: security premium reserves, capital redemption reserves, debenture redemption reserves, employee stock
option reserves and a host of other specific reserves.
In their balance sheets, companies generally do not provide a classification of reserves into specific or free reserves.
Prowess identifies each reserve created by the company and segregates it into specific reserve or free reserve.
Prowess classifies reserves by six types: security premium reserves, capital, debt, investment & other reserves,
revaluation reserves, employee stock option reserve, general reserve and surplus / (deficit) at the end of the year.
Of these, security premium reserves, capital, debt, investment & other reserves and employee stock option reserves
are classified as specific reserves. General reserves and balance as per profit & loss account are classified as
free reserves. The purpose of segregating the reserves into free and specific reserves is to give an idea to the
shareholders, how much free reserves does the company have, which can be drawn upon freely. Since there is no
specific purpose for free reserves, a company can draw upon them freely. Free reserves can be used to declare
dividends, to issue bonus shares, to write off accumulated losses and to write off share issue expenses.
Revaluation reserves is not included in either specific reserves or free reserves.

T OTAL OUTSIDE LIABILITIES 1805

Indicator : Total outside liabilities
Field : total_outside_liabilities
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Total outside liabilities include the entire borrowings of a company and the amount of current liabilities as on the
date of the balance sheet. This is the amount that the company owes to outsiders at the end of the year.
The formula for total outside liabilities in Prowess is as follows;
totaloutsideliabilities = totalborrowings + currentliabilities

1806 T OTAL TERM LIABILITIES

Indicator : Total term liabilities
Field : total_term_liabilities
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Total term liabilities include all liabilities of a company which are not payable in the next one year. In prowess,
term liabilities is calculated as total borrowings less short-term borrowings. This is the amount of borrowings that
will be due for re-payment after a period of one year from the balance sheet date.
The formula for total term liabilities in Prowess is as follows;
totaltermliabilities = totalborrowings − shorttermborrowings

C URRENT LIABILITIES INCL LONG TERM PORTION 1807

Indicator : Current liabilities incl long term portion
Field : current_liab_incl_lt_portion
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1808 C OST OF PRODUCTION - WORK IN PROGRESS

Indicator : Cost of production - work in progress
Field : cost_of_prod_wip
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data item denotes the manufacturing cost of finished goods produced during an accounting period. This
includes the cost of raw materials consumed, stores and spares, power and fuel and water charges, employee
compensation, royalties and technical know-how fees, rent, repairs and maintenance expenses, depreciation and
other manufacturing overheads that can be allocated to the cost of finished goods produced during the year.

D ECREASE INCREASE IN WORKING CAPITAL 1809

Indicator : Decrease increase in working capital
Field : decr_incr_wk_capital
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1810 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS CENTRAL STATE GOVT

Indicator : Long term borrowings central state govt
Field : lt_borrowing_central_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS CORPORATE 1811

Indicator : Long term borrowings corporate
Field : lt_borrowing_corporate
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1812 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS DEBENTURES BONDS

Indicator : Long term borrowings debentures bonds
Field : lt_borrowing_debentures_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS DEFERRED CREDIT 1813

Indicator : Long term borrowings deferred credit
Field : lt_borrowing_deferred_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1814 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS FIXED DEPOSITS

Indicator : Long term borrowings fixed deposits
Field : lt_borrowing_fixed_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS FOREIGN CURRENCY 1815

Indicator : Long term borrowings foreign currency
Field : lt_borrowing_foreign_currency
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1816 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM BANKS

Indicator : Long term borrowings from banks
Field : lt_borrowing_from_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM FIN INST 1817

Indicator : Long term borrowings from fin inst
Field : lt_borrowing_from_fin_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1818 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS FROM PROMOTERS

Indicator : Long term borrowings from promoters
Field : lt_borrowing_from_promoters
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS INT ACCR DUE 1819

Indicator : Long term borrowings int accr due
Field : lt_borrowing_int_accr_due
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1820 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS MAT FIN LEASE OBLIGATIONS

Indicator : Long term borrowings mat fin lease obligations
Field : lt_borrowing_mat_fin_lease_obligations
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS OTHER 1821

Indicator : Long term borrowings other
Field : lt_borrowing_other
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1822 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS SUBORDINATED DEBT

Indicator : Long term borrowings subordinated debt
Field : lt_borrowing_subordinated_debt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS SYNDICATED BANKS INSTITUTIONS 1823

Indicator : Long term borrowings syndicated banks institutions
Field : lt_borrowing_syndicated_banks_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1824 D EBT

Indicator : Debt
Field : debt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
In normal parlance debt is the same as borrowing. In Prowess the two have slightly different meanings. Debt
is borrowings plus preference share capital plus recallable/defaulted loans. For all analytical purposes, Prowess
considers preference share capital as the company’s debt towards its preference share holders. Preference shares are
redeemed and are often serviced like a debt instrument. These are therefore considered similar to other borrowings
and included with them.
When the company defaults on payment of interest or the principal amount of the loan, they become callable or
repayable on demand. Generally, such loans that are repayable on demand are disclosed by companies under ’Other
current liabilities’ and in prowess this amount is captured under ’Other current liabilities - Recallable/defaulted
loans/borrowings’ For all analytical purposes, Prowess considers ’Recallable/defaulted loans/borrowings’ as the
company’s debt.
The amount of debt of a company in prowess is, thus, the sum of total borrowings, preference share capital and
recallable/defaulted loans.

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS INCL CURRENT PORTION 1825

Indicator : Long term borrowings incl current portion
Field : long_term_borrowings_incl_curr_portion
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of long term borrowings by a company, including the current portion of
long term borrowings. The current portion is that portion of long term borrowings which is due for repayment
within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
Companies have been reporting non-current and current portion of long term liabilities and assets since April 2012,
after the introduction of revised schedule VI, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements. The revised
schedule VI requires companies to segregate their assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions. The
current portion is that portion which is expected to mature within 12 months from the date of balance sheet. Any
liability or asset that is not due to mature within next one year is classified as long term.
Since companies have been presenting their financial statements as per the new schedule VI only since April 2012,
the data for long term borrowings incl current portion is available in Prowess only from 2010-11 onwards. Such
data for years prior to 2010-11 is not available in Prowess.

1826 S ECURED BORROWINGS

Indicator : Secured borrowings
Field : secured_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total outstanding amount of secured borrowings of a company as on the date of the balance
sheet.
The classification of borrowings as secured and unsecured is disclosed in the schedules / notes to accounts section
of the annual report. The total amount of secured portion of each type of borrowings is captured in this data field.
Secured loan means a loan made on the security of asset, the market value of which is not at any time less than the
unsecured loan.

U NSECURED BORROWINGS 1827

Indicator : Unsecured borrowings
Field : unsecured_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total outstanding amount of unsecured borrowings of a company as on the date of the
balance sheet.
The classification of borrowings as secured and unsecured is disclosed in the schedules / notes to accounts section
of the annual report. The total amount of the unsecured portion of each type of borrowings is captured in this data
field.
In case of unsecured loans, the borrower does not have to pledge any assets with the lender as collateral for the
loan. Secured loan means a loan made on the security of asset the market value of which is not at any time less
than the amount of such loan; and "unsecured loan or advance" means a loan not so secured.
An unsecured loan means the lender relies on the borrower’s promise to pay it back. Due to the increased risk
involved, interest rates for unsecured loans tend to be higher in comparison to secured loans.

1828 S HORT TERM BANK BORROWINGS

Indicator : Short term bank borrowings
Field : short_term_bank_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount of short term borrowings taken from banks. Short term borrowings other than
bank borrowings are not captured here.
Short term bank borrowings are those that are taken from banks for a period of 12 months or less. Generally, these
loans are for funding working capital requirements of the company.
Prior to the introduction of revised schedule VI, companies did not usually classify their loans into short-term and
long term. Thus, borrowings classified by companies as working capital loans from banks were being captured as
short-term loans. Working capital loans can be in the form of cash credit, bridge loans, packing credit, overdraft,
pre-shipment export credit or post-shipment credit. Such types of loans are necessarily for the short-term and were
being captured as short-term bank borrowings, prior to introduction of revised schedule VI.
The revised schedule VI was introduced from April 2012. The new schedule requires companies to segregate
their assets and liabilities into long-term and short-term. Thus, companies have started to classify their borrowings
into short-term and long term since April 2012. Short term borrowings taken from banks are captured here from
2011-12 onwards.
Prowess captures secured and unsecured short term bank borrowings separately. This Indicator is the sum of the
two. It therefore represents the total short term bank borrowings of the company.

L ONG TERM BANK BORROWINGS 1829

Indicator : Long term bank borrowings
Field : long_term_bank_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount of long term borrowings taken from banks. Long term borrowings other than
bank borrowings are not captured here.
Long term bank borrowings are those that are taken from banks for a period of more than 12 months. These mostly
include term loans from banks.
Prior to the introduction of revised schedule VI, companies did not usually classify their loans into short-term
and long term. Thus, Prowess classified all loans from banks for purpose other than for working capital as long
term bank borrowings, prior to introduction of revised schedule VI. Working capital loans are necessarily for the
short-term purpose.
The revised schedule VI was introduced from April 2012. The new schedule requires companies to segregate
their assets and liabilities into long-term and short-term. Thus, companies have started to classify their borrowings
into short-term and long term since April 2012. Long term borrowings taken from banks are captured here from
2011-12 onwards.
Prowess captures secured and unsecured long term bank borrowings separately. This Indicator is the sum of the
two. It therefore represents the total long term bank borrowings of the company.

1830 N ON - CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES

Indicator : Non-convertible debentures
Field : borr_by_unsec_debentures
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company can borrow by issuing debentures to potential investors that entitle the investors to the receipt of an
agreed amount at an agreed date, ie on the date of redemption of the debentures. Debentures are a form of a debt
instrument.
Debentures are long term debt instruments. These can be partly or fully convertible into equity shares or they may
be non-convertible in nature. They may be secured or unsecured.
Prowess captures secured & unsecured and convertible & non-convertible debentures separately. This data field is
the sum of the outstanding amount of secured and unsecured non-convertible debentures issued by a company.

E XTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS 1831

Indicator : External commercial borrowings
Field : ecb_euro_bond
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
External commercial borrowing (ECB) is an instrument used in India to facilitate the access of foreign money by
Indian companies. These include commercial bank loans, Floating Rate Notes, etc. They also include credit from
official export credit agencies and commercial borrowing from the private sector window of multilateral financial
institutions such as IBRD, World Bank and Asian Development Bank.
Suppliers’ credit is not included here.
The Prowess database captures secured and unsecured ECBs separately, to the extent such information is available
separately or can be classified separately with the available information. This Indicator is the sum of both – secured
and unsecured external commercial borrowings.

1832 E URO CONVERTIBLE BONDS

Indicator : Euro convertible bonds
Field : euro_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An euro convertible bond is a bond issued by a company in a market other than its country of operation. It is issued
in a currency different than the issuer’s domestic currency. These are international bonds not necessarily issued in
Europe or in the Euro currency. These bonds can be converted into a pre-determined number of equity shares of
the issuing company.
Euro convertible bonds include Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds (FCCBs) and Foreign Currency Exchangeable
Bonds (FCEBs).
Prowess captures secured and unsecured euro convertible bonds separately. This datafield is the sum of these and
therefore represents the total outstanding amount of euro convertible bonds issued by the company.

F OREIGN SUPPLIERS CREDIT 1833

Indicator : Foreign suppliers credit
Field : frgn_suppliers_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign suppliers’ credit is the credit extended by overseas suppliers to Indian importers against a guarantee. This
is usually for plant and machinery and capital goods, in general.
The Prowess database captures secured and unsecured foreign suppliers’ credit separately. This data field is the
sum of these two and therfore represents the total foreign suppliers’ credit outstanding on the date of the balance
sheet.

1834 C APITAL EMPLOYED

Indicator : Capital employed
Field : capital_employed
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Capital employed is the sum of total shareholders funds and total borrowings. This is the total funds deployed into
the business by owners of equity and preference capital and from lenders.
The measure includes paid up equity capital, paid up forfeited equity capital, contribution made to capital by
government, accumulated reserves, all convertible warrants and all borrowings. However, revaluation reserves and
miscellaneous expenses not written off are deducted from the above.

TOL/TNW ( TIMES ) 1835

Indicator : TOL/TNW (times)
Field : tol_tnw
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
This ratio is a part of derived indicators of liabilities. It measures the total outside liabilities of a company against
the value of the company ‘net of outside liabilities’, i.e. tangible net worth. A company’s total outside liabilities
should be less than its tangible net worth. A higher ratio would indicate excessive dependence on outside funds
and limit the borrowing capacity of a company. A firm with a low ratio will have a greater flexibility to borrow in
the future.
Total outside liabilities include the entire borrowings and the amount of current liabilities as on the date of the
balance sheet. This is the amount that the company owes to outsiders at the end of the year.
over time.
saleable.

1836 T OTAL TERM LIABILITIES / TANGIBLE NET WORTH

Indicator : Total term liabilities / tangible net worth
Field : ttl_tnw
Data Type : Number
Unit : Times
Description:
This ratio is a part of derived indicators of liabilities. It measures the total term liabilities of a company against the
value of the company ‘net of outside liabilities’, i.e. tangible net worth. Ideally, a company’s total term liabilities
should be less than its tangible net worth. A higher ratio would indicate excessive dependence on borrowed funds
and limit the borrowing capacity of a company. A firm with a low ratio will have a greater flexibility to borrow in
the future.
Total term liabilities include all liabilities which are not payable within one year. In prowess, term liabilities is
calculated as total borrowings less short-term borrowings. This is the amount of borrowings that will be due for
re-payment after a period of one year.
over time.
saleable.

C ONTINGENT LIABILITIES / N ET WORTH (%) 1837

Indicator : Contingent liabilities / Net worth (%)
Field : contingent_liab_pc_net_worth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This ratio measures the contingent liabilities of a company against its net worth. Here, contingent liabilities are
expressed as percentage of net worth. The ratio could, in principle, be greater than 100 per cent.
Contingent liabilities are a possible future obligation, but these are not recognised in the financial statements be-
cause the obligation is not a certainity. It is contingent upon future events whose outcomes are unknown. In
case contingent liability materialises, it can have an impact on the company’s profits and reserves. The contingent
liabilities are disclosed under notes to financial statements.
The ratio of contingent liabilities-to-net worth measures these possible liabilities against the stake of the equity
owners in the company, i.e. against the net worth. Ultimately, these liabilities will have to be offset against the net
worth of the company.
The ratio is computed only if the net worth is positive. If the net worth is zero or negative, the result is either not
computable or it is mis-leading.

1838 T OTAL INTER OFFICE ADJ RECV

Indicator : Total inter office adj recv
Field : total_inter_office_adj_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

T OTAL LEASE RENT RECV 1839

Indicator : Total lease rent recv
Field : total_lease_rent_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1840 T OTAL OTHER RECEIVABLES

Indicator : Total other receivables
Field : total_other_receivables
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

T OTAL OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES 1841

Indicator : Total other current liabilities
Field : total_oth_curr_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1842 T OTAL OTHER NON - BANKING CURRENT ASSETS

Indicator : Total other non-banking current assets
Field : total_oth_non_banking_curr_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

T OTAL RECVEIVABLES DUE TO FOREIGN EXCHANGE FLUCTUATIONS 1843

Indicator : Total recveivables due to foreign exchange fluctuations
Field : total_recv_dueto_exch_fluct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

1844 T OTAL RECEIVABLES FOR SALE OF INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Total receivables for sale of investments
Field : total_recv_for_sale_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

N ET DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES 1845

Indicator : Net deferred tax liabilities
Field : net_deferred_tax_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of net deferred tax liabilities of a company. It is a part of derived indicators of
liabilities in Prowess. It is derived by deducting total deferred tax assets from total deferred tax liabilities.
Deferred tax assets / liabilities arise due to difference between profit as per books of accounts and profit as per
Income Tax Act.
Depreciation is the main reason for difference in the profits as per books of accounts and taxable profits as per
Income Tax Act. Both Income Tax Act and Companies Act prescribe different rates of depreciation for different
categories of assets.
Net deferred tax assets simply means that the company will definitely have a tax liability of that much in future
years.

1846 N ET DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES AS % OF NET WORTH

Indicator : Net deferred tax liabilities as % of net worth
Field : net_deferred_tax_liab_pc_networth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is net deferred tax liabilities arising because of time difference as a per cent of net worth.

N ET DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES AS % OF TOTAL LIABILITIES 1847

Indicator : Net deferred tax liabilities as % of total liabilities
Field : net_deferred_tax_liab_pc_total_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
This is net deferred tax liabilities arising because of time difference as a per cent of total liabilities.

1848 T OTAL LIABILITIES

Indicator : Total liabilities
Field : total_liabilities
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total liabilities disclosed by companies in their annual report.
Total liabilities of a company is the sum of all the resources deployed by it. It includes all sums it owes to the
shareholders in the form of share capital and reserves & surpluses, all sums it owes to its lenders in the form of
secured and unsecured loans and all current liabilities and provisions. It also includes deferred tax liability.
In the Prowess database, total liabilities balance total assets and, total liabilities is the sum of the following:
1. Total capital which includes paid up equity capital, forfeited equity capital, paid up preference capital, capital
contribution and funds by government, money received against share warrants and minority interest reserves.
2. Reserves and funds, net of accumulated losses, if any. While revaluation reserves is included here, in most
presentations of Prowess, it is netted out.
3. Share application money & suspense account
4. Deposits
5. Non-current liabilities
6. Current liabilities & Provisions
The annual report provides a lot of information besides a structured presentation as outlined above. For example, it
provides details of the authorised capital, issued and subscribed capital, number of shares held by holding company,
details of buy-backs, etc. All of this is covered under the Addendum information of Liabilities in Prowess.
Prowess makes fine distinctions in defining shareholders funds and net worth. It defines free and specific reserves
and capital employed clearly so that the same definitions apply to all companies. All this is covered under Derived
Indicators of Liabilities in Prowess. This also includes an entire section“Secured & unsecured borrowings”. This
section helps in the selection of indicators relating to borrowings directly.

T OTAL CAPITAL 1849

Indicator : Total capital
Field : total_capital
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the capital infused by the owners of the company, the capitalised profits of the company and
the capital issued but forfeited by the company.
In the former two cases which involve issuance of securities, total capital includes only that part which represents
the total face value of the securities issued. If the securities were issued at a premium, the premium is not included
but only the face value is included in total capital.
Total capital includes the face value of the shares issued by the company irrespective of whether the shares were is-
sued for cash or for consideration other than cash. It includes the face value of those shares even if no consideration
was received against those shares issued.
Capital infused by the owners of the company includes share capital and even the capital contributions against
which no shares are issued.
Promoters of a company may infuse capital into a company either by subscribing to the equity shares of the com-
pany or to the preference shares of the company or by making a contribution to the capital of the company without
having any shares issued against that contribution. Such contributions, which do not involve issue of any shares
against them, are generally found in case of government-owned organisations or organisations such as the UTI or
the IDBI which are created by special acts of Parliament. When banks were fully owned by the Central Govern-
ment, the government’s contribution had no shares issued against it. Such contribution was classified as capital
contribution. Funds infused by parents of foreign banks into their Indian branches or subsidiaries is classified
as capital contribution. No shares are issued to the parent companies in cases of such contributions. Yet, such
contributions form part of total capital of the company.
Capitalised profits refer to the face value of the bonus shares issued by the company to the existing equity sharehold-
ers by capitalising either the share premium received by the company or the accumulated profits of the company.
Such capitalised profits become part of share capital and therefore part of total capital of the company.
Forfeited share capital is that part of the share capital of the company which represents the amount received against
shares that were once issued but later cancelled for reasons such as non-payment of balance calls. This money is
retained by the company and thus forms part of the total capital of the company.

1850 PAID UP EQUITY CAPITAL ( NET OF FORFEITED EQUITY CAPITAL )

Indicator : Paid up equity capital (net of forfeited equity capital)
Field : paidup_equity_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the paid up value of equity shares of a company that have been subscribed and allotted.
The amount of paid up capital is less than the subscribed capital where there are amounts pending to be called by
the company or there are any calls in arrears. Paid up capital does not include the amount paid up and forfeited on
the forfeited shares of the company. The forfeited amount is reported separately in the Prowess database.
When a company decides to issue equity shares for cash, investors apply to the company to subscribe to these
equity shares. The company then allots these shares to the investors in consideration of cash. Such shares that are
allotted to the applicants are known as subscribed equity shares. The company also issues shares for consideration
without cash. Examples of such issuances are bonus shares, shares issued on conversion of convertible debentures,
shares issued pursuant to amalgamation. Sometimes companies issue shares that are paid for in parts. The company
makes calls for payments of such shares.
Paid up equity shares are those equity shares on which calls (if any) made by the company have been responded
to with payments and the process of allotment has been completed. Where there is any amount pending on the
calls made by the company then such amount is deducted from the value of the subscribed share capital and the net
amount is reported as its paid up capital. If some investors fail to make payment for the shares allotted to them, the
company forfeits their shares.

F ULLY PAID UP EQUITY CAPITAL 1851

Indicator : Fully paid up equity capital
Field : subscribed_fully_paid_up_eqty_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the paid up value of the equity shares of a company that have been subscribed to and paid for
by the investor.
shares.
The amount of money which is completely paid by the investors to the company for the equity shares subscribed to
by the investors is known as fully paid up equity capital.

1852 PARTLY PAID UP EQUITY CAPITAL ( NET OF FORFEITED CAPITAL )

Indicator : Partly paid up equity capital (net of forfeited capital)
Field : subscribed_not_fully_paid_up_eqty_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total partly paid up value of the equity shares of a company that have been subscribed to
by the investors.
shares.
The amount partially paid by the investors to the company for the equity shares subscribed to by the investors is
known as partly paid up equity capital.

F ORFEITED EQUITY CAPITAL 1853

Indicator : Forfeited equity capital
Field : paidup_forfeited_equity_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount retained by companies on forfeited shares.
When a company issues shares, it decides the price of the shares to be issued and investors apply to subscribe to
these shares. Investors pay the full price or a part of it, depending upon the offer from the company. If the company
offers a part payment facility during application, then, it either takes the remaining payment upon allotment or upon
an explicit call at a later date.
When the allottees do not pay the allotment money or the call money, their shares are forfeited, after giving them
due notice. Such forfeited shares become the property of the company and it may re-sell these or it may cancel
them. Rights with respect to the shares, of the person whose shares were forfeited are extinguished once the shares
are forfeited. The amount, which is already paid up, on these forfeited shares is not returned to them but is retained
by the company. The amount already received and retained by the company on these forfeited shares is transferred
to a separate account called “Forfeited Share Capital Account”.

1854 PAID UP PREFERENCE CAPITAL ( NET OF FORFEITED PREFERENCE CAPITAL )

Indicator : Paid up preference capital (net of forfeited preference capital)
Field : paidup_pref_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of paid up preference shares of a company that have been subscribed to and paid
for. This is net of the value of forfeited shares.
Preference shares have no voting rights and no rights over the profits. However, they have a preferential rights over
dividends.
Generally, preference shares are shown in the annual reports along with equity shares. Even in the Prowess database
preference shares appear just after equity shares.
For all analytical purposes and in all ratio computations in Prowess, preference shares are considered as borrowings.
Also, preference capital is shown as part of shareholders funds but not as part of net worth in Prowess.

F ULLY PAID UP PREFERENCE CAPITAL 1855

Indicator : Fully paid up preference capital
Field : subscribed_fully_paid_up_pref_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
fully paid up for by the investors/shareholders.
dividends.

1856 PARTLY PAID UP PREFERENCE CAPITAL ( NET OF FORFEITED CAPITAL )

Indicator : Partly paid up preference capital (net of forfeited capital)
Field : subscribed_not_fully_paid_up_pref_cap
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
partly paid up for by the investors/shareholders.
dividends.

C APITAL CONTRIBUTION AND FUNDS BY GOVT, OTHERS 1857

Indicator : Capital contribution and funds by govt, others
Field : cap_contrib_by_govt_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is the capital contributed by the government or government bodies towards an organisation created through a
special statute. This is generally the case with the government owned companies formed by an Act of Parliament
or by a special act, for example UTI and IDBI were formed under special acts of Parliament. Such contribution can
be made in other entities as well.

1858 M ONEY RECEIVED AGAINST CONVERTIBLE SHARE WARRANTS

Indicator : Money received against convertible share warrants
Field : convertible_warrants
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A Warrant is a security that gives the holder the right to purchase securities (usually, but not necessarily, equity)
from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame.
Warrants which are convertible into shares are called as share warrants and they entitle the holders to buy a specific
number of shares in that company at a specific price (the exercise price), at a specific time or during a specific
period in the future.
They are generally issued as sweeteners along with other financial instruments. Sometimes the issuers establish a
market for the warrants by registering and listing the warrants with stock exchanges.
This data field captures the value of the outstanding warrants at the end of the accounting period.

R ESERVES AND FUNDS 1859

Indicator : Reserves and funds
Field : resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Reserves are that portion of accumulated profits that are retained in the business and not distributed to shareholders.
They are monies set aside from the accumulated profits of the company for specific purposes, usually to act as a
buffer against future losses.
Reserves are created out of a company’s accumulated profits for specific purposes. Some of these are created in
adherence with statutory requirements, some in order to avail of tax benefits and some others are general in nature.
Companies have substantial leeway in the creation and utilisation of specific reserves.
CMIE captures various types of reserves separately. It organises the various types of reserves created into the
following individual data fields.
1. Security premium reserve (these are not created through surpluses)
3. Capital reserve
6. Dividend equalisation reserv
11. Surplus/deficit on mergers
13. Lease equalisation reserv
14. Employee stock option reserv
15. General reserve
18. Other reserve
19. Revaluation reserve

1860 S ECURITY PREMIUM RESERVES ( NET OF DEDUCTIONS )

Indicator : Security premium reserves (net of deductions)
Field : sec_premium_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company may add to security premium reserves during a year by issuance of new securities at a premium. It may
also utilise these for specified purposes, such as, writing off preliminary expenses or issuing bonus shares, etc.
This data field captures the outstanding value of a company’s security premium reserves at the end of the year.

A DDITIONS DURING THE YEAR 1861

Indicator : Additions during the year
Field : sec_premium_resv_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the additions to the security premium reserves during a year.
According to Section 78 of the Companies Act 1956, if a company issues securities at a premium to its face
value then the value of premium collected has to be transferred to the Securities Premium reserve. Thereafter, the
company may add to security premium reserves during a year by issuing new securities at a premium. This data
field captures the additions to a company’s securities premium reserves during a year.

1862 S EC . PREMIUM RESERVE USED FOR ISSUE OF BONUS SHARES

Indicator : Sec. premium reserve used for issue of bonus shares
Field : sec_premium_resv_utilised_bonus
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Premium Account.
The security premium reserve utilised for issue of bonus shares during a year is reported in this data field.

S EC . PREMIUM RESERVE USED FOR ISSUE EXPENSES 1863

Indicator : Sec. premium reserve used for issue expenses
Field : sec_premium_resv_utilised_issue_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Section 78 of the Companies Act, 1956 states that a company issuing securities at a premium to its face value,
whether for cash or otherwise, should allocate the aggregate value of such premium to a reserve named Securities
Premium Account.
The security premium reserve utilised for writing off security issue expenses during a year is reported in this data
field.

1864 S EC . PREMIUM RESERVE USED FOR WRITE OFF OF PREMIUM

Indicator : Sec. premium reserve used for write off of premium
Field : sec_premium_resv_utilised_redemp_w_off
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of security premium reserve that has been utilised for writing off premium paid
on redemption of preference shares/debentures/bonds during a year.

S EC . PREMIUM RESERVE USED FOR BUY- BACK 1865

Indicator : Sec. premium reserve used for buy-back
Field : sec_premium_resv_utilised_buyback
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Premium Account.
Section 78 of the Act restricts the usage of such a securities premium reserve towards the following:-
Buyback of shares is the amount paid by the company to purchase its own shares. This data field captures the
utilisation of the Security premium reserve to write off the discount on the buy back of a company’s shares or other
specified securities.

1866 C APITAL , DEBT, INVESTMENT & OTHER RESERVES

Indicator : Capital, debt, investment & other reserves
Field : cap_debt_invest_oth_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the aggregate value of all of a company’s reserves, barring its security premium reserves.
These include:-
2. Capital reserve
5. Dividend equalisation reserve
10. Suplus/deficit on mergers
12. Lease equalisation reserve
13. Employee stock option reserve
14. General reserve
17. Other reserve

C APITAL REDEMPTION RESERVES 1867

Indicator : Capital redemption reserves
Field : cap_redemp_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
issue of capital.
The Capital Redemption Reserve is created mainly in order to protect the interest of a company’s creditors and to
maintain its working capital. Redemption of preference shares involves the repayment of capital, while superceding
the interest of creditors. In addition, the outflow of cash will result in lower working capital in the hands of the
company. Such a situation is averted by the creation of the Capital Redemption Reserve, which is drawn from
profits which were available for distribution of dividend.

1868 C APITAL RESERVES ( INCL . GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES )

Indicator : Capital reserves (incl. grants and subsidies)
Field : cap_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Schedule VI to the Companies Act 1956, defines Capital Reserve as ’a reserve which does not include any amount
regarded as free for distribution through the profit and loss account’.
A capital reserve is created out of the capital profits earned by a company, and therefore does not include profits
earned during the normal course of business. It is created from profits earned from transactions such as profit
on sale of fixed assets or investments, realisation of profits on issue of forfeited shares, government grants and
subsidies received but unutilised, etc. It also includes amounts, which because of their origin or the purposes for
which they are held, are not considered by the directors as available for distribution as dividend. A capital reserve
can be utilised for writing down fictitious assets or losses or for issuing bonus shares if it is realised in cash.
In case of amalgamations in the nature of a business purchase, if the purchase consideration paid by the acquiring
company is less than the net assets acquired (i.e. total assets - total liabilities) then the excess of net assets over
purchase consideration is credited to the capital reserve account. However, though the surplus arising on this
arrangement (amalgamation, etc.) is capital in nature, CMIE does not capture it in this data field, as it is captured
in a separate field for surplus/deficit arising on amalgamation/acquisition/merger.

S UBSIDIES AND GRANTS 1869

Indicator : Subsidies and grants
Field : grants_subsidies_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Government grants/subsidies are defined as any assistance received by a company from the government in cash or
kind for its compliance with certain conditions in the past, or its agreement to comply with certain conditions in
the future. Government grants do not include those forms which can not be reasonably valued, and whch cannot be
distinguished from the normal trading transactions of the enterprise.
approach) or as an income (income approach). In the income approach, the grant is recorded as ’other income’
on a systematic basis over the periods corresponding with their related costs (costs which they are intended to
compensate for). On the other hand, the capital approach involves crediting government grants to capital reserve.
This data field captures government grants in the nature of promoters’ contribution which have been credited to a
company’s capital reserve.
Where companies report assets net of grants, CMIE also reports the net value of the asset, i.e. assets reduced by
the value of the specific grant. In such cases grants are not reported separately under the data field Subsidies and
Grants under Reserves.

1870 D EBENTURE AND BOND REDEMPTION RESERVES

Indicator : Debenture and bond redemption reserves
Field : deb_bond_redemp_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Section 117C of the Companies Act, 1956, a company issuing debentures is under an obligation to create
a Debenture Redemption Reserve by allocating an adequate amount every year out of its profits as laid down for
different classes of companies, until such debentures/bonds are redeemed. The amounts credited to the debenture
redemption reserve cannot be utilised by the company for any purpose other than for the redemption of debentures
and bonds.
This data field captures the outstanding value of the amount credited to a company’s debenture/bond redemption
reserve.
Debenture redemption reserve is created for setting apart sufficient funds to facilitate the redemption of debentures
and bonds. Upon redemption, any surplus in this reserve becomes free and available for appropriation. Hence, after
redemptions, this reserve is transferred back to the profit and loss account or to the general reserve.

I NVESTMENT ALLOWANCE RESERVES 1871

Indicator : Investment allowance reserves
Field : invest_allow_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies usually create investment allowance reserves to avail the benefit available to them under the Section
32A of the Income Tax Act. However, this provision has been withdrawn and no deduction is available under this
section now.
Such allowances continue to be created by shipping companies governed by Section 33AC of Income Tax Act.
According to Section 33AC of the Income tax Act, a government company or a public company registered in India
with the main object of carrying on the business of operation of ships can claim deduction in respect of an amount
transferred to a special reserve called the Investment Allowance Reserve. This reserve should be utilised for the
purpose of building or acquiring new ships.
However, deduction under Income Tax Act is restricted to 100 percent of the profits derived from this business and
cannot exceed twice the paid up capital of the company.

1872 D IVIDEND EQUALISATION RESERVE

Indicator : Dividend equalisation reserve
Field : div_equalisation_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Since there can be a sharp fluctuaution in a company’s earnings over a series of financial years, it becomes necessary
for a company to allocate surplus earned from higher than average earnings in years of good performance to sustain
dividend payouts even during not-so-good years. Dividend equalisation reserve is a specific reserve which is set up
to ensure that the year-on-year dividends paid by the company remain stable despite changes in its earnings.
Companies that regularly pay dividend generally try to keep their year-on-year dividend paying rate more or less
constant/stable. In order to maintain this consistency, these companies transfer certain amount out of their prof-
its of a year to the dividend equalisation reserve. This reserve can be utilised only for the purpose of paying
dividends/maintaining the dividend rate in the years when the company incurs losses or has insufficient profits.

E XPORTS AND F OREIGN PROJECTS RESERVE 1873

Indicator : Exports and Foreign projects reserve
Field : frgn_proj_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Certain Indian companies engaged in foreign projects are entitled to tax deductions under sections 80HHB and
80HHC of the Income Tax Act, 1961. In order to qualify for this deduction, they are required to create a reserve
out of the foreign exchange proceeds earned abroad, called Foreign Project Reserve. Deduction under these two
sections are restricted to the profits transferred during the year.
A maximum deduction equal to 50% of the profits was previously allowed under section 80HHB upto the financial
year 1999-2000. However, from the financial year 2000-01, this deduction began to be phased out by a reduction
of 10% every year. Therefore, the last year in which the company can claim such a deduction was 2003-04. Thus,
from the financial year 2004–05, no deduction under section 80 HHB was available.
Deduction under section 80HHC is in respect of profits retained from exports. No deduction is allowed under this
section in respect of the assessment year beginning on or after 1 April, 2005. However, foreign project reserves
created in earlier years are reported by companies under their current balance sheet.

1874 TARIFFS AND DIVIDEND CONTROL RESERVES

Indicator : Tariffs and dividend control reserves
Field : tariff_div_control_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies engaged in the business of electricity generation and distribution are required by statute to maintain a
reserve called Tariff & Dividend Control Reserve. It is created mainly for the purpose of maintaining the rate of
tariffs and dividend in the future.
Tariff & Dividend Control Reserve is a statutory reserve which is created out of the profits earned by an electricity
generation and distribution company in excess of allowable ’reasonable return’. If the ’clear profit’ of a licensee for
any year is more than the amount of reasonable return, then one-third of such excess, not exceeding five percent of
the amount of reasonable return, will be at the disposal of the undertaking. Out of the balance of excess, one-half
is appropriated to the Tariffs and Dividends Control Reserve. When the reasonable return for any particular year is
not sufficient then this reserve is utilised.

OTHER STATUTORY RESERVES 1875

Indicator : Other statutory reserves
Field : oth_statutory_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Reserves created under the provisions of law/statute are termed as Statutory Reserves. CMIE captures the Tariffs
and Dividend Control Reserves (a statutory requirement for electricity companies) separately. Section 117C of the
Companies Act, 1956 requires that a company issuing debentures should create a Debenture Redemption Reserve
for the redemption of such debentures. CMIE captures this information also separately. It also captures the capital
redemption reserve separately that is mandated by Section 80 of the Companies Act.
All statutory reserves other than the three described above are captured in this data field.
Examples of statutory reserves reported in this data field are:
1. Reserve Fund (Banks): According to Section 17 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, every banking com-
pany incorporated in India should create a reserve fund. Banks transfer to the reserve fund a sum equivalent
to not less than 20% of their profits.
2. Reserve Fund (NBFC’s & other finance companies): According to Section 45-IC of the Reserve Bank of
India Act, 1934, every non-banking finance company should create a reserve fund and transfer therein a sum
not less than 20 % of its net profit every year.

1876 I NVESTMENT FLUCTUATION RESERVE

Indicator : Investment fluctuation reserve
Field : invest_fluct_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The Investment Fluctuation Reserve is maintained by banks and financial institutions for whom investments form
a major part of their assets and treasury operations are one of the prime activities. This reserve is created to guard
against fall in returns or diminution in value of investments. The reserve is also created in order to enable banks to
be better placed in order to meet interest rate risks.
This reserve came into effect as per the provisions stated in RBI’s Circular (dated September 2, 2003), Prudential
Norms for Classification, Valuation and Operation of Investment Portfolio by Banks.
As mandated by RBI, investment portfolio of banks are expected to be classified under three categories, viz., ’Held
to Maturity’ (HTM), ’Available for Sale’ (AFS) and ’Held for Trading’ (HFT). However, in the balance sheet, the
investments are disclosed as per six classifications, namely, a) Government securities, b) Other approved securities,
c) Shares, d) Debentures & Bonds, e) Subsidiaries/ joint ventures and f) Others (i.e. Commercial Papers, Mutual
Fund Units, etc.).
The Investment Fluctuation Reserve is required to be created for investments in the HFT and AFS categories.
However, it is not mandatory to create this reserve for investments in the HTM category.
Banks have to transfer the maximum amount of gains realised on sale of investment in securities to the Investment
Fluctuation Reserve (IFR) Account. It has to build up this reserve equivalent to at least five percent of their
investments under ’Held for Trading’ and ’Available for Sale’ categories within five years, out of profits available
after appropriation of the Statutory Reserve as per the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. However, it has the freedom
to build up a higher percentage of Investment Fluctuation Reserve up to 10 percent of its portfolios.
This reserve is a mandatory requirement only for banking companies and financial institutions, yet many large
companies having substantial amount of investments create this reserve as a good business practice. They generally
transfer their extra–ordinary gains from investments to the Investment Fluctuation Reserve.

S URPLUS AND DEFICIT ON MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS 1877

Indicator : Surplus and deficit on mergers & acquisitions
Field : amalgam_mna_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is relevant during amalgamations following mergers, or during demergers. If the purchase con-
sideration for the business purchase is more than the net assets, then the excess amount is debited to the General
Reserve and credited to the reserves for mergers & acquisitions. On the other hand, if the purchase consideration
is less than the net assets, then the amount is credited to the General Reserves and correspondingly debited to the
reserves for mergers & acquisitions. This data field captures the amounts routed through the reserves for mergers
& acquisitions in such cases.
Accounting Standard 14 on Accounting for Amalgamations issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of
India states that in case of amalgamations in the nature of purchase, if the purchase consideration paid by the
amalgamated company is less than the acquired net assets of the amalgamating company, then the difference (pur-
chase consideration - net assets) shall be transfered to a separate reserve called the Amalgamation Reserve. If the
consideration is more than the value of net assets then the positive difference shall be treated as goodwill.

1878 F OREX FLUCTUATION RESERVES

Indicator : Forex fluctuation reserves
Field : forex_fluct_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Forex Fluctuation Reserve is a specific reserve created for guarding the organisation against losses emanating from
fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. The reserve is also called as Foreign Currency Risk Fund, Reserve for
Foreign Exchange Transactions, Exchange Variation Reserve, Devaluation Exchange Reserve, etc.

L EASE EQUALISATION RESERVES 1879

Indicator : Lease equalisation reserves
Field : lease_equalisation_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The lease equalisation reserve was created to maintain a balance between the capital recovery inherent in lease
rental charges, and the depreciation of the leased assets chargeable as per the Companies Act, 1956. Companies
which leased out their assets created a lease equalisation reserve in order to write-off such capital recovery amounts,
so as to leave only financing charges in their revenue statements. This data field captures amounts booked in the
lease equalisation reserve.
With the introduction of Accounting Standard 19 (AS-19) on Leases w.e.f. 1 April 2001, the guidance note, which
prescribes the above treatment, was repealed. Also the treatment prescribed by the accounting standard does not
require any lease equalisation adjustment account. Nevertheless, this guidance note is still applicable to lease
agreements prior to 1 April 2001. Considering the fact that lease transactions are usually for a longer duration, this
item is likely to feature in financial statements of many companies for some years to come.

1880 C ONTINGENCY RESERVES

Indicator : Contingency reserves
Field : contingency_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A contingency is a future event or circumstance the occurence of which is possible, but can not be predicted with
certainty. A Contingency Reserve is created to safeguard a company against any possible losses or uncertain events
that may occur in future. This data field captures such contingency reserves. Unlike provisions that are charged
against revenues, reserves are appropriations from the profits of the firm.
This data field has two sub-categories - one for reserves for bad and doubtful loans’ and the other being residual in
nature, i.e. ’other contingency reserves’.

R ESERVES FOR BAD AND DOUBTFUL LOANS 1881

Indicator : Reserves for bad and doubtful loans
Field : resv_bad_doubtful_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The reserve for bad and doubtful loans is created to safeguard a company against unexpected losses that might
arise if the loans/advances given by the company turn bad, i.e. become irrecoverable. It is mainly created by non-
banking finance companies (NBFCs). However, companies with huge loan portfolios also maintain such a reserve
as a matter of prudent accounting policy.

1882 OTHER CONTINGENCY RESERVES

Indicator : Other contingency reserves
Field : oth_contingency_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies create contingency reserves in order to safeguard themselves from industry-specific contingencies. This
data field captures any contingency reserve created by a company for any purpose other than for bad and doubtful
loans.

OTHER SPECIFIC RESERVES AND FUNDS ( INCL . DEVELOPMENT RESERVE FUND ) 1883

Indicator : Other specific reserves and funds (incl. development reserve fund)
Field : oth_specific_resv_funds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A specific reserve is a reserve created out of the profits of the company for some specific purpose. It can be utilised
only for the purpose for which it has been created. In ordinary circumstances, it cannot be utilised to pay dividends,
unless the purpose which it was created has been fulfilled.
Any reserve created for any specific purpose for which a separate field does not exist, is reported in this data field.
Specific reserves other than those mentioned below are disclosed under this head:
1. Securities Premium Reserve
2. Dividend Equalisation Reserve
3. Investment Fluctuation Reserve
4. Amalgamation Reserve
5. Investment Allowance Reserve
6. Capital Redemption Reserve
7. Debenture Redemption Reserve
8. Foreign Project Reserve
9. Forex Fluctuation Reserve
10. Lease Equalisation Reserve
11. Revaluation Reserve
12. Contingency Reserve
Some of the specific reserves included in this data field are as under:-
1. Special Reserve under section 36(1)(viii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961: This is a specific reserve created by
companies involved in providing long term finance for industrial development, agricultural development and
infrastructural development for availing tax deductions under the Act.
2. Tea Deposit Account: For companies growing or manufacturing tea in India, a deduction is available from
taxable income, if a certain amount is deposited in the Tea Deposit Account opened with any Nationalised
Bank. The deduction is available to the extent of the amount deposited or 20% of the profits, whichever is
less. If the balance in the Tea Deposit Account is utilised for any purpose other than those specified in the
scheme framed by the Tea Board, then it is added to the taxable income in the year of utilisation. Any amount
against this Tea Deposit Account is included in this data field.
3. Development Reserves including Development Rebate Reserve: Some industrial undertakings are obligated
by law or agreement to create a separate reserve for development purposes, such reserves are called Develop-
ment Reserves and are included under other specific reserves.

1884 OTHER SPECIFIC RESERVES AND FUNDS ( INCL . DEVELOPMENT RESERVE FUND )
4. Research and Development Fund: Generally, companies involved in research and development appropriate a
part of their profits for creating a separate reserve called the Research and Development Fund. This reserve
is created to fund research and development activities.

OTHER REVENUE RESERVES 1885

Indicator : Other revenue reserves
Field : oth_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Free reserves that are not captured in separate specific data fields are reported in this data field. It does not include
any specific or statutory reserve.
Other reserves are different from other specific reserves in the sense that other reserves are free reserves which are
available for distribution of dividend to shareholders. Other specific reserves, in contrast, are not free reserves, and
can not be utilised for the purpose of distribution.

1886 A RREARS OF DEPRECIATION

Indicator : Arrears of depreciation
Field : arrears_of_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
There are circumstances where a company might not have provided for depreciation in the past. Loss-making
companies and sick companies, for instance, do not provide for depreciation in order to understate their losses.
This data field captures such accumulated depreciation which a company has not provided for in its profit and loss
accounts for any financial year/s in the past.
Arrears of depreciation do not form part of the balance sheet or profit and loss account, or even the schedules to
accounts. It is reported as a note in the Notes to Accounts. A company has to report the cumulative depreciation
and the depreciation for the year not provided, in its notes to accounts. The arrears of depreciation may be termed
as accumulated depreciation not charged/provided for by the company.

F IXED ASSETS REVALUATION RESERVE 1887

Indicator : Fixed assets revaluation reserve
Field : reval_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The revaluation reserve comes into being when a company revalues its assets and the revalued assets are of greater
Generally, the revaluation reserve is created only for revaluation of fixed assets, in accordance with para 13 of
Accounting Standard 10 (AS-10) on ’Accounting for Fixed Assets’. However, certain companies revalue their
investments, stocks and other current assets and create the corresponding revaluation reserves. Although this is an
unusual accounting practice, CMIE includes the same in this data field.

1888 R EVALUATION OF FIXED ASSETS

Indicator : Revaluation of fixed assets
Field : reval_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Revaluation reserves comes into being when a company revalues its assets and the revalued assets are of greater
Revaluation reserve represents the difference between the estimated present market value and the book value of the
fixed assets. Revaluation reserve is only a book adjustment and does not represent any realised gain. This data field
captures the revaluation of fixed assets during a year.

R EVERSAL OF PRIOR REVALUATION OF FIXED ASSETS 1889

Indicator : Reversal of prior revaluation of fixed assets
Field : reversal_prior_reval_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
There is a possibility of a previously-executed upward-revaluation of fixed/assets/stock and current as-
sets/investments being reversed in subsequent years. Such a reversal is captured in this data field.

1890 T RANSFER TO P&L ACCOUNT FOR DEPRECIATION

Indicator : Transfer to P & L account for depreciation
Field : dep_trf_to_pnl
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
After fixed assets are revalued, depreciation is charged on the revalued figure of assets. However, the additional
depreciation on the increase in the value of fixed assets, arising on revaluation, can be charged against the revalua-
tion reserve created for these assets. Thus, after charging full depreciation on the revalued assets to Profit & Loss
Account, this amount of additional depreciation is taken back from revaluation reserve to Profit & Loss Account.
Any such transfer from revaluation reserve to the Profit & Loss Account pertaining to depreciation of revalued
assets is reported in this data field.

E MPLOYEE STOCK OPTION RESERVE 1891

Indicator : Employee stock option reserve
Field : esop_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
employees.
This data field reports the amount of money set aside for the issuance of shares on employee stock option at the
time of conversion of these options into equity by the employee.

1892 E MPLOYEE STOCK OPTION RESERVE ADDITION

Indicator : Employee stock option reserve addition
Field : esop_resv_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
employees.
A reserve called ’employee stock option reserve’ is created to provide for the issuance of shares at the time of
exercise of an ESOP by an employee. This data field captures additions to employee stock option reserve.

E MPLOYEE STOCK OPTION RESERVE USED 1893

Indicator : Employee stock option reserve used
Field : esop_resv_used
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports that portion of the employee stock option reserve that has been utilised for the issuance of
shares on the exercise of ESOPs by employees.

1894 G ENERAL RESERVES

Indicator : General reserves
Field : general_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A General Reserve is a revenue reserve which is created out of the company’s profits and is free for distribution for
any purpose. Therefore, it is also called a free reserve. A part of the company’s earnings for the year are transferred
to this reserve to be used in future for any purpose, including declaring dividends when the profits for the current
year are insufficient, providing for buy-back of shares/redemption of preference shares when the redemption is not
from a fresh issue of shares but from accumulated reserves, financing expansions and modifications, augmenting
working capital, applying to offset specific future losses, etc.

S URPLUS / DEFICIT AS AT THE END OF THE YEAR 1895

Indicator : Surplus/deficit as at the end of the year
Field : bal_as_per_pnl_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is the accumulated profit / loss at the end of the year and includes the current year’s net profit after all
appropriations. Generally, the current year’s retained earning is added to the profits / losses accumulated over the
years and the sum of the two is reported by the companies in the schedule of Reserves & Surplus in their balance
sheet. The same number is captured in Prowess as surplus / deficit at the end of the year.
If a company has accumulated losses, then this data field will show a negative number.

1896 R EVENUE EXPENSES DIRECTLY CHARGED TO RESERVES

Indicator : Revenue expenses directly charged to reserves
Field : revenue_exp_charged_to_resv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
All revenue expenses are normally charged to profit & loss account. However, certain expenses like share issue
expense which is a deferred revenue expense, is permitted to be written off against the accumulated reserves without
routing it through the profit & loss account.
But, companies, may charge some of the revenue expenses, which should ideally be charged to the profit & loss
account, directly to the reserves. This is an unusual practice.
However, CMIE captures this even if it is an unusual practice.Therefore, any such write off appearing in the balance
sheet of the company (liability side) is captured in this data field.
The capture of such a figure directly into the balance sheet mars the comparability of the accounts with other
normal accounts. There is thus a case that CMIE’s normalisation should route such expenses through the Profit and
Loss Account. However, the figure given in the balance sheet does not necessarily pertain to a single accounting
period. If such a figure is taken to the profit & loss account it could make the financial statements for that year non-
comparable to other financial statements. Thus, the solution to one problem could create another instead. CMIE
therefore, does not route such a figure through the profit & loss account.

S HARE APPLICATION MONEY & SUSPENSE ACCOUNT 1897

Indicator : Share application money & suspense account
Field : share_appl_money_susp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field, which is part of liabilities in the balance sheet of a company, captures the consideration (whether in
terms of cash or otherwise) received by a company for shares that have not yet been allotted.
This data field is restricted only to that part of the consideration received to the extent of the face value of yet-to-
be-allotted shares. Any premium received or to be received against these shares is not included. It does not even
take into account discount, if any, to be offered on yet-to-be-allotted shares.
There can be two cases in which money or other consideration may be received by a company but the shares are
not allotted by the company by the balance sheet date.
The first case pertains to cash received towards share application money. This is the money that is received by the
company from investors when the company is making a share capital issue. The funds remain are recorded as a
liability till the time the shares are allotted, in which case such share application money (to the extent of shares
allotted) is transferred to the share capital account. In case some applications are rejected, the entire cash might
either be refunded to applicants, or some part of the application money received might be adjusted with the amount
to be raised on allotment of shares.
This share application money could be for the equity shares of the company or for the preference shares of the
company. Application money received by the company for either is included in this data field. Upon allotment this
share application money will become the paid up capital of the company.
In the second case, sometimes the company is unable to allot the shares either due to litigation or due to some
scheme of restructuring. Generally in case of amalgamations/acquisitions, companies issue shares pursuant to the
scheme of amalgamation/acquisition for consideration other than cash. In such cases, the shares are not allotted
until the scheme of amalgamation is completed. In the meantime, a share suspense account is temporarily created
for receipts on issue of shares or re-issue of shares (forfeited shares) in case of a pending decision regarding that
receipt. It is used to store funds received for the shares to be issued until a permanent decision is made about the
allocation and allotment of those shares. This data field includes the consideration received against the face value
of such shares. Once the litigation is resolved and the shares allotted, this amount becomes part of share capital of
the company. Till the allotment, the amount continues to reside in the share application & suspense account.

1898 S HARE APPLICATION MONEY AND ADVANCES – EQUITY

Indicator : Share application money and advances – equity
Field : share_appl_money_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Equity share application money is the amount received by a company from investors who have applied for allot-
ment. When a company makes an issue of equity shares, it receives applications from the potential investors along
with the application money. Such application money which is collected from the potential investors is known as
share application money. It is deposited in a separate bank account and is not transferred to the share capital account
until the shares are allotted to the investors.
Upon allotment of shares, monies received on application is transfered to share capital account. Sometimes a part
of the amount received is transfered to share capital account while the balance portion is kept aside to be adjusted
against future calls. All amounts received against equity shares but not transferred to share capital account are

S HARE APPLICATION MONEY AND ADVANCES – PREFERENCE SHARES 1899

Indicator : Share application money and advances – preference shares
Field : share_appl_money_pref
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company makes an issue of preference shares, it receives applications from the potential investors along
with some initial money. Such money which is collected from potential investors for preference sgares is known
as share application money. This money is deposited in a separate bank account and is not transferred to the share
capital account until the shares are alloted to the investors.
Sometimes, a part of the amount is transfered to share capital account while the balance portion is kept aside to be
adjusted against future calls.
All amounts received against preference shares but not transferred to the share capital account are captured in this
data field.

1900 E QUITY CAPITAL SUSPENSE

Indicator : Equity capital suspense
Field : equity_cap_susp_and_oth_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The equity capital suspense account represents the equity share capital of the company which has been issued but
not yet allotted either due to litigation or because of some scheme of restructuring.
Generally in case of amalgamations/acquisitions, companies issue shares pursuant to the scheme of amalgama-
tion/acquisition for consideration other than cash. In such cases, the shares are not allotted until the scheme of
amalgamation is completed. Such shares are then transferred to the share capital suspense account, till they are
allotted.

P REFERENCE CAPITAL SUSPENSE ACCOUNT 1901

Indicator : Preference capital suspense account
Field : pref_cap_susp_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Preference capital suspense account represents the preference share capital of the company which has been issued
but not yet allotted. The allotment of such shares might be pending either due to litigation or because of some
scheme of restructuring.
Generally, in case of amalgamations/acquisitions, companies issue shares pursuant to the scheme of amalgama-
tion/acquisition for a consideration other than cash. In such cases, the shares are not allotted until the scheme of
amalgamation is completed. Such shares are then transferred to the share capital suspense account till the time they
are allotted.

1902 D EPOSITS ( ACCEPTED BY COMMERCIAL BANKS )

Indicator : Deposits (accepted by commercial banks)
Field : deposits_commercial_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount of deposits collected by commercial banks only. It does not capture deposits
that may be collected by non-banking companies.
Receiving of deposits is one of the primary functions of a commercial bank. There are three types of deposits that
banks accept: demand deposits, savings deposits and term deposits. This data field captures the total amount of
deposits collected and outstanding with the bank as on the balance sheet date. Since all the deposits accepted by a
bank are repayable on demand or at maturity, it is a part of the total liabilities of a bank.

D EMAND DEPOSITS 1903

Indicator : Demand deposits
Field : demand_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A demand deposit is a bank deposit from which the deposited funds can be withdrawn at any time, as per the
requirement of the depositor, without any advance notice to the bank. It includes all bank deposits repayable on
demand. Deposits in current account, credit balance in overdrafts, cash credit accounts, deposits payable at call,
overdue deposits, inoperative current accounts, matured time deposits and cash certificates, demand draft, etc. are
included under demand deposits of banks.
This data field captures the total demand deposits outstanding with the bank as on the balance sheet date.

1904 D EMAND DEPOSITS FROM BANKS

Indicator : Demand deposits from banks
Field : demand_deposits_frm_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When banks receive demand deposits from other banks, it is captured in this data field.

D EMAND DEPOSITS FROM OTHERS 1905

Indicator : Demand deposits from others
Field : demand_deposits_frm_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Demand deposits accepted by banks from entities other than the banking companies are reported in this data field.

1906 S AVING DEPOSITS

Indicator : Saving deposits
Field : saving_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
These are savings deposits accepted by banks.
Saving deposits have characteristics of demand deposits as well as term deposits. There is no limit on the number
of deposits made to the saving deposit account but there is a limit on the number of withdrawals per day. Saving
deposits earn a specified rate of interest, and usually a minimum balance has to be maintained on an on-going basis
to enable the holder to issue cheques. Saving deposits are generally made by individual investors and form a major
part of the sources of funds for the banking companies.
This data field captures the total savings deposits outstanding with the bank as on the balance sheet date.

T ERM DEPOSITS 1907

Indicator : Term deposits
Field : lt_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unlike a demand deposit, term deposit is a type of account which cannot be accessed for a predetermined period.
A deposit made into a term deposit account is subject to remaining in the account until a specified maturity date or
term, which ranges between one month and ten years. Term deposit accounts generally assess a penalty for early
withdrawal, requiring advance notice in many cases. These type of accounts also pay a higher rate of interest than
demand deposit or other type of savings accounts. Individuals, business institutions use term deposit accounts to
park liquid funds which are not in use.
This data field captures the total term deposits outstanding with the bank on the balance sheet date.

1908 T ERM DEPOSITS FROM BANKS

Indicator : Term deposits from banks
Field : lt_deposits_frm_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When the term deposits are accepted by a bank from other banking companies, they are disclosed under the head
“Term deposits from banks”. These are captured in this data field.

T ERM DEPOSITS FROM OTHERS 1909

Indicator : Term deposits from others
Field : lt_deposits_frm_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Term deposits accepted by banks from entities other than other banking companies are reported in this data field.

1910 D EPOSITS FROM INDIA

Indicator : Deposits from india
Field : deposits_frm_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures that part of the total deposits of banks that have been accepted by the banks from cus-
tomers in India. It excludes deposits accepted from overseas. This data field is a part of addendum information of
Liabilities. It is mainly applicable to banks.

D EPOSITS FROM OUTSIDE INDIA 1911

Indicator : Deposits from outside india
Field : deposits_frm_outside_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures that part of the total deposits of banks that have been accepted from overseas. Total deposits
from outside India include term depsoits, savings depositis and demand deposits outside India. It excludes deposits
accepted from within India.
This data field is a part of addendum information of liabilities and is mainly applicable to banks.

1912 T ERM DEPOSITS FROM OUTSIDE I NDIA

Indicator : Term deposits from outside India
Field : lt_deposits_frm_outside_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures deposits of banks that have been accepted from overseas in the form of term deposits. It
excludes deposits accepted from within India.

S AVINGS DEPOSITS FROM OUTSIDE I NDIA 1913

Indicator : Savings deposits from outside India
Field : savings_deposits_frm_outside_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding amount of saving deposits accepted by all the foreign branches of a bank
in India. It is an additional information under liabilities of banks.

1914 D EMAND DEPOSITS FROM OUTSIDE I NDIA

Indicator : Demand deposits from outside India
Field : demand_deposits_frm_outside_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total demand deposits accepted by all the foreign branches of a bank in India. It is a
part of the additional information of liabilities of banks.

B ORROWINGS 1915

Indicator : Borrowings
Field : borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of total borrowings of a company. It is a sum of different types of
borrowings of a company.
Total borrowings include:
• Borrowing from banks
• Borrowing from financial institutions

• Borrowings from central & state govt
• Borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
• Debentures and bonds
• Foreign currency borrowings
• Loans from promoters, directors and shareholders (individuals)

• Inter-corporate loans
• Deferred credit
• Interest accrued and due
• Hire purchase loans
• Fixed deposits
• Commercial papers
• Other borrowings
• Sub-ordinated debt (banks and finance companies)
• Borrowings from rbi

The total amount of borrowings of a company are also captured seperately under current and non-current liabilities.
Since April 2011, companies are required to present their financial statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the
new schedule, companies are required to segregate their assets and liabities into current and non-current portions.
Hence, the non-current portion of borrowings is captured under non-current liabilities as ’long term borrowings
excluding current portion’ and the current portion of borrowings is captured under current liabilities as ’short term
borrowings’. The current portion of long term borrowings is also required to be reported separately under current
liabilities as ’current maturities of long term debt & lease’. Current portion of long term borrowing refers to that
portion of a conventional long term borrowing that is expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the
balance sheet date.

1916 B ORROWINGS
prior to 2010-11.
To maintain a time series, it becomes necessary for us to continue to capture data in old format as well. Thus, while
the non-current and current borrowings are captured under non-current and current liabilities, the total amount
of borrowings (long term borrowings + short term borrowings + current maturities of long term debt & lease) is
captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

B ORROWING FROM BANKS 1917

Indicator : Borrowing from banks
Field : bank_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowing from banks are a part of total borrowings by a company. This data field captures the outstanding value
of funds raised by a company through banks.
Bank borrowings may be secured or unsecured. In case of secured bank borrowings, the bank has a lien over the
company’s specific assets. Prowess captures secured and unsecured bank borrowings separately. This data field is
the sum of these two.
The total amount of bank borrowings of a company are also captured seperately under current and non-current
liabilities. Since April 2011, companies are required to present their financial statements as per revised schedule
VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to segregate their assets and liabities into current and non-
current portions.
Hence, the non-current portion of bank borrowings is captured under non-current liabilities as ’long term borrowing
from banks’ and the current portion of bank borrowings is captured under current liabilities as ’short term borrowing
from banks’.
prior to 2010-11.
To maintain a time series, it becomes necessary for us to continue to capture data in old format as well. Thus,
while the non-current and current bank borrowings are captured under non-current and current liabilities, the total
amount of bank borrowings (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is
available.
Long term bank borrowings in this data field are gross of current portion thereof. Current portion of long term item
refers to that portion of a conventional long term borrowing that is expected to be paid off within a period of 12
months from the balance sheet date.
However, where companies show long term items net of the current portion and do not report current portion for
individual class of borrowing, then this data field includes long term bank borrowing excluding current portion.

1918 S ECURED BANK BORROWINGS

Indicator : Secured bank borrowings
Field : sec_bank_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company borrows money from banks and provides them security in form of some claim over assets in the
event of a default, then such borrowings are termed as secured bank borrowings. A company may borrow loans
from a single bank or a number of banks or from a syndication of banks; all of these are a part of secured bank
borrowings.
Secured bank borrowings are divided into secured short-term bank borrowings and secured term bank borrowings.
and term loans. Working capital loans are necessarily short term borrowings. Term loans are the same as long-term
loans. Loans for vehicles is a part of ’secured term bank borrowings’.
Where companies report, ’bank loans’ or ’bank borrowings’ under secured loans without classifying into short or
long term, CMIE classifies such borrowings under the data field ’Secured term bank borrowings’.
This data field captures the total value of outstanding secured bank borrowings as at the balance sheet date. It is
sum total of secured short term bank borrowings and secured term bank borrowing.
The total amount of secured bank borrowings of a company are also captured separately under current and non-
current liabilities. Since April 2011, companies are required to present their financial statements as per revised
schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to segregate their assets and liabities into current
Hence, the non-current portion of secured bank borrowings is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Secured
long term borrowing’ and the current portion of bank borrowings is captured under current liabilities as ’Secured
short term borrowing from banks’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current secured bank borrowings are captured under non-current and current liabilities,
the total amount of secured bank borrowings (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long
time-series is available.
Secured long term bank borrowings in this data field are gross of current portion thereof. Current portion of long
term item refers to that portion of a conventional long term borrowing that is expected to be paid off within a period
of 12 months from the balance sheet date.
individual class of borrowing, then this data field includes secured long term bank borrowing excluding current
portion.

S ECURED SHORT- TERM BANK BORROWINGS 1919

Indicator : Secured short-term bank borrowings
Field : sec_st_bank_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Secured short-term bank borrowings are a part of total borrowings by a company. This data field captures the
outstanding value of secured short-term bank borrowings. Loans taken from banks for a period of less than 12
months are classified as short term bank borrowings. These loans are generally for funding the working capital
requirements of the company.
and term loans. Working capital loans are necessarily short term borrowings. They can be in the form of cash
credit, bridge loans, packing credit, overdraft, pre-shipment export credit, post-shipment credit or working capital
demand loan.
Short term bank borrowings do not include the portion of long-term loans that are payable within the next 12
months.
The amount of secured short term bank borrowings is also captured under current liabilities in Prowess. Total lia-
bilities have been segregated into ’Current liabilities’ and ’Non-current liabilities’ after the introduction of revised
schedule VI. Since April 2011, all companies except for banking companies are required to present their financial
statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to segregate their assets and
liabities into current and non-current portions. Hence, the data on secured short-term bank borrowings is captured
under current liabilities as ’Secured shot-term borrowings from banks’.
However, as companies have been presenting their financial statements in the new format only since April 2011,
the time-series for current and non-current liabilities is available only since 2010-11. Such data is not available for
years prior to 2010-11.
To maintain a time series, it becomes necessary for us to continue to capture data in old format as well. Accordingly,
this data field continues to capture data in the old format. It provides a long time-series for secured short term bank
borrowings for the years prior to 2010-11 and also for years beyond 2010-11.

1920 BANK OVERDRAFT

Indicator : Bank overdraft
Field : sec_st_bank_borr_overdraft
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures data on funds withdrawn by the company exceeding the funds deposited by the company
in a bank.
An overdraft is a facility granted by the bank to the company enabling the company to carry out debit transactions
even when the amount available on the account is insufficient, and up to a predefined maximum amount agreed
upon by the bank and the company. This data field captures secured short term overdraft from bank.
Bank overdraft is a part of total borrowings by a company. This data field captures the outstanding value of secured
short-term overdraft from bank.
The amount of secured short term bank borrowings is also captured under current liabilities in Prowess. Total lia-
bilities have been segregated into ’Current liabilities’ and ’Non-current liabilities’ after the introduction of revised
statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to segregate their assets
and liabities into current and non-current portions. Hence, the data on secured short-term overdraft from bank is
captured under current liabilities as ’Secured shot-term bank overdraft’.
this data field continues to capture data in the old format. It provides a long time-series for secured short term
overdraft from banks for the years prior to 2010-11 and also for years beyond 2010-11.

C ASH CREDIT 1921

Indicator : Cash credit
Field : sec_st_bank_borr_cash_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures cash credit to a company. A cash credit is a short term loan to a company. A bank provides
short term cash loans to companies against inventories of goods.
Secured short-term cash credit from banks is a part of total borrowings by a company. This data field captures the
outstanding value of secured short-term cash credit from banks.
The amount of secured short term cash credit from banks is also captured under current liabilities in Prowess.
Total liabilities have been segregated into ’Current liabilities’ and ’Non-current liabilities’ after the introduction of
revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, all companies except for banking companies are required to present their
financial statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to segregate their
assets and liabities into current and non-current portions. Hence, the data on secured short-term cash credit from
banks is captured under current liabilities as ’Secured shot-term cash credit’.
this data field continues to capture data in the old format. It provides a long time-series for secured short term cash
credit from banks for the years prior to 2010-11 and also for years beyond 2010-11.

1922 S ECURED TERM BANK BORROWINGS

Indicator : Secured term bank borrowings
Field : sec_lt_bank_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Loans taken from banks for a period exceeding 12 months are classified as term bank borrowings. Term loans are
raised by companies to fund its capital expenditures such as capacity expansions, setting up of a new project or
procurement of some machinery or other fixed assets.
Not many companies provide a bifurcation of bank borrowings. As a general rule, in the absence of explicit infor-
mation, CMIE classifies all loans from banks for purposes other than for working capital as term bank borrowings.
Term bank borrowings may be secured or unsecured. This data field captures secured term bank borrowings.
The amount of secured term bank borrowing is also captured separately under ’non-current liabilities’ in Prowess.
’Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total liabilities’ in prowess after the introduc-
tion of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, all companies except for banking companies are required to present
their financial statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to segregate
their assets and liabities into current and non-current portions. Hence, the data on secured term bank borrowing is
captured under non-current liabilities as ’Secured long term bank borrowing’.
this data field continues to capture data in the old format. It provides a long time-series for secured long term bank

U NSECURED BANK BORROWINGS 1923

Indicator : Unsecured Bank borrowings
Field : unsec_bank_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company borrows money from banks without providing them security then such borrowings is termed as
unsecured bank borrowings. A company may borrow these loans from a single bank or a number of banks or from
a syndication of banks, all of which, together is reported here in unsecured bank borrowings.
This data field is the sum total of unsecured short-term bank borrowings and unsecured term bank borrowings.
The total amount of unsecured bank borrowings of a company are also captured separately under current and non-
schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to segregate their assets and liabities into current
Hence, the non-current portion of unsecured bank borrowings is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Unse-
cured long term bank borrowing’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Unsecured short
term borrowing from banks’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current unsecured bank borrowings are captured under non-current and current liabilities, the
total amount of unsecured bank borrowings (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long
Unsecured long term bank borrowings in this data field are gross of current portion thereof. Current portion of long
term item refers to that portion of a conventional long term borrowing that is expected to be paid off within a period
of 12 months from the balance sheet date.
individual class of borrowing, then this data field includes unsecured long term bank borrowing excluding current
portion.

1924 U NSECURED SHORT- TERM BANK BORROWINGS

Indicator : Unsecured short-term bank borrowings
Field : unsec_st_bank_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unsecured loans taken from banks for a period of less than 12 months are termed as short term bank borrowings.
Companies usually do not bifurcate their bank borrowings into short term or long term but they do classify them
as working capital loans and term loans. Unsecured working capital loans are considered as unsecured short term
bank borrowings. They can be in the form of bridge loans, packing credit, overdraft, pre-shipment export credit,
post-shipment credit, working capital demand loan or short-term loan.
A term-loan payable within 12 months or a portion of a term-loan that is payable with 12 months is not considered
as a short-term loan.
The amount of unsecured short term bank borrowings is also captured under current liabilities in Prowess. Total li-
abilities have been segregated into ’Current liabilities’ and ’Non-current liabilities’ after the introduction of revised
and liabities into current and non-current portions. Hence, the data on unsecured short-term bank borrowings is
captured under current liabilities as ’Unsecured shot-term borrowings from banks’.
this data field continues to capture data in the old format. It provides a long time-series for unsecured short term
bank borrowings for the years prior to 2010-11 and also for years beyond 2010-11.

U NSECURED TERM BANK BORROWINGS 1925

Indicator : Unsecured term bank borrowings
Field : unsec_lt_bank_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Loans taken from banks for a period exceeding 12 months are classified as term bank borrowings. These include
term-loans of earlier years that are due for repayment in less than 12 months. This data field captures unsecured
portion of term bank borrowings.
The amount of unsecured term bank borrowing is also captured separately under ’non-current liabilities’ in Prowess.
’Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total liabilities’ in prowess after the introduc-
tion of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, all companies except for banking companies are required to present
their assets and liabities into current and non-current portions. Hence, the data on unsecured term bank borrowing
is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Unsecured long term bank borrowing’.
this data field continues to capture data in the old format. It provides a long time-series for unsecured term bank

1926 B ORROWING FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING NBFC’ S

Indicator : Borrowing from financial institutions including NBFC’s
Field : fin_inst_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowing from financial institutions are a part of total borrowings by a company. This data field captures the
outstanding value of funds raised by a company through financial institutions.
Borrowings from financial institutions may be secured or unsecured. In case of secured borrowings, the financial
institution has a lien over the company’s specific assets. Prowess captures secured and unsecured borrowings from
financial institutions separately. This data field is the sum of these two.
The total amount of borrowings from financial institutions are also captured separately under current and non-
schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to segregate their assets and liabilities into current
Hence, the non-current portion of borrowings from financial institutions is captured under non-current liabilities as
’long term borrowing from financial institutions’ and the current portion thereof is captured under current liabilities
as ’ short term borrowings from financial institution’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current borrowings from financial institutions are captured under non-current and current lia-
bilities, the total amount of borrowings from financial institutions (long term borrowings from financial institutions
+ short term borrowings from financial institutions ) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is
available.
The value of long term borrowing from financial institutions used for calculating this data field is including the
current portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the date
of balance sheet date. However, where companies do not report the current portion of long term borrowing for
individual class of borrowing or reports current portion for the total sum of all types of borrowings, then this data
field might sometimes include long term borrowings from financial institutions excluding current portion of bank
borrowing.

S ECURED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONAL BORROWINGS INCLUDING NBFC’ S 1927

Indicator : Secured financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s
Field : sec_fin_inst_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company takes a loan from a financial institution by mortgaging, hypothecating or pledging some or all of
its fixed and/or current assets then such loans are classified as secured financial institutional borrowings. Following
are some of the domestic financial institutions, SIDBI, HUDCO, NABARD, IFCI and SFCs. In the past it included
IDBI, ICICI and IDFC as well. However, IDBI and ICICI have since merged into commercial banks with similar
names and IDFC is an NBFC.
A company may borrow loans from a single FI or a number of FIs or from a syndication of FIs, all of these are a
part of secured FI borrowings.
Secured financial institutional borrowing can be in the form of secured term loans, optional fully convertible loans,
secured loan from a consortium of financial institutions, zero coupon loan, etc.
The total amount of secured financial institutional borrowings are also captured separately under current and non-
Hence, non-current portion of secured financial institutional borrowings are captured under non-current liabilities
as ’Secured long term borrowing from financial institutions’ and the current portion is captured under current
liabilities as ’Secured short term borrowing from financial institutions’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current secured borrowings from financial institutions are captured under non-current
and current liabilities, the total amount of secured borrowings from financial institutions (non-current + current) is
The value of secured long term borrowing from financial institutions used for calculating this data field is including
the current portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the date
field might sometimes include secured long term borrowings from financial institutions excluding current portion
of bank borrowing.

1928 S ECURED SHORT- TERM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONAL BORROWINGS INCLUDING NBFC’ S

Indicator : Secured short-term financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s
Field : sec_st_inst_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Secured short term financial institutional borrowings represent secured loans taken from domestic financial insti-
tutions for a period not exceeding 12 months. This excludes term loans that have a maturity of over 12 months but
are due to mature in less than 12 months.
The amount of secured short term financial institutional borrowings is also captured under current liabilities in
Prowess. Total liabilities have been segregated into ’Current liabilities’ and ’Non-current liabilities’ after the in-
troduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, all companies except for banking companies are required to
present their financial statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required
to segregate their assets and liabities into current and non-current portions. Hence, the data on secured short-
term financial institutional borrowings is captured under current liabilities as ’Secured short-term borrowings from
financial institutions’.
this data field continues to capture data in the old format. It provides a long time-series for secured short term
financial institutional borrowings for the years prior to 2010-11 and also for years beyond 2010-11.

S ECURED TERM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONAL BORROWINGS INCLUDING NBFC’ S 1929

Indicator : Secured term financial institutional borrowings including NBFC’s
Field : sec_lt_inst_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Secured term financial institutional borrowings is a secured loan taken from a financial institution for a period
exceeding 12 months. Term loans are raised by companies generally to fund purchase of new machinery, expansion
of existing plant, undertaking new projects, etc.
All the secured long term loans taken from domestic financial institutions including the loans in rupee denominated
foreign currency i.e. foreign currency rupee loans, taken from domestic financial institutions are reported under
this data field.
However, loans taken from the domestic financial institutions in foreign currency are reported under ’Foreign
Currency Borrowings’.
The amount of secured term financial institutional borrowings is also captured separately under ’non-current liabil-
ities’ in Prowess. ’Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total liabilities’ in prowess
after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, all companies except for banking companies are
required to present their financial statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are
required to segregate their assets and liabities into current and non-current portions. Hence, the data on secured
term financial institutional borrowings is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Secured long term financial
institutional borrowings’.
this data field continues to capture data in the old format. It provides a long time-series for secured long term
financial institutional borrowings for the years prior to 2010-11 and also for years beyond 2010-11.

1930 OF WHICH : FOREIGN CURRENCY RUPEE LOANS

Indicator : Of which: foreign currency rupee loans
Field : sec_frgn_crncy_rupee_loan
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the secured portion of foreign currency rupee loans.
Foreign currency rupee loan represents money borrowed in foreign currency and repayable in domestic currency
from financial institutions situated in India.
rency but is repaid in equivalent rupee amount.
Financial institutions provide foreign currency loans in rupee terms when Indian companies can not borrow over-
seas easily. Financial institutions fund the foreign currency loan requirements of companies by raising the foreign
currency funds itself and then financing the needs of Indian companies. This is a part of the financial institu-
tional lending to companies. If a company provides information on the foreign currency component of its rupee
borrowings from financial institutions then such information is captured in this data field.
The total amount of secured foreign currency rupee loans are also captured separately under current and non-
Hence, non-current portion of secured foreign currency rupee loans are captured under non-current liabilities as
’Secured long term foreign currency rupee loans’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as
’Secured short term foreign currency rupee loans’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current secured foreign currency rupee loans are captured under non-current and current
liabilities, the total amount of secured foreign currency rupee loans (non-current + current) is captured in this data
field, for which a long time-series is available.
The value of secured long term foreign currency rupee loans used for calculating this data field is including the
individual class of borrowing or reports current portion for the total sum of all types of borrowings, then this
data field might sometimes include secured long term foreign currency rupee loans excluding current portion of
borrowing.

U NSECURED BORROWINGS FROM FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING NBFC’ S 1931

Indicator : Unsecured borrowings from financial institutions including NBFC’s
Field : unsec_fin_inst_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company takes a loan from a financial institution without mortgaging, hypothecating or pledging its assets
then such a loan is termed as unsecured financial institutional borrowing.
If an unsecured foreign currency loan is taken from a financial institution, then it is reported in the data field
’Foreign currency loans’ and not in this data field.
The total amount of unsecured financial institutional borrowings are also captured separately under current and
non-current liabilities. Since April 2011, companies are required to present their financial statements as per revised
Hence, non-current portion of unsecured financial institutional borrowings are captured under non-current liabilities
as ’Unsecured long term borrowing from financial institutions’ and the current portion is captured under current
liabilities as ’Unsecured short term borrowing from financial institutions’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current unsecured borrowings from financial institutions are captured under non-current and
current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured borrowings from financial institutions (non-current + current) is
The value of unsecured long term borrowing from financial institutions used for calculating this data field is in-
cluding the current portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from
the date of balance sheet date. However, where companies do not report the current portion of long term borrowing
for individual class of borrowing or reports current portion for the total sum of all types of borrowings, then this
data field might sometimes include unsecured long term borrowings from financial institutions excluding current
portion of bank borrowing.

1932 B ORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT

Indicator : Borrowings from central & state govt
Field : borr_central_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings from central & state governments are a part of total borrowings by a company. This data field captures
the outstanding value of funds raised by a company from central & state government.
Borrowings from central & state govt may be secured or unsecured. Prowess captures secured and unsecured
borrowings from central & state govt separately. This data field is the sum of these two.
The total amount of borrowings from central & state govt are also captured separately under current and non-
Hence, the non- current portion of borrowings from central & state govt is captured under non-current liabilities
as ’long term borrowings from central & state government’ and the current portion of borrowings from central &
state govt is captured under current liabilities as ’short term borrowings from central & state government’..
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current borrowings from central & state govt are captured under non-current and current
liabilities, the total amount of borrowings from central & state govt (long term borrowings from central & state
govt + short term borrowings from central & state govt) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series
is available.
The value of long term borrowing from central & state govt used for calculating this data field is including the
field might sometimes include long term borrowings from central & state govt excluding current portion of bank
borrowing.

S ECURED BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT 1933

Indicator : Secured borrowings from central & state govt
Field : sec_borr_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings from central & state governments are a part of total borrowings by a company. Such borrowings may
be secured or unsecured. This data field captures the outstanding value of funds raised by a company from central
& state government which are secured.
The total amount of secured borrowings from central & state govt are also captured separately under current and
non-current liabilities in Prowess. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as a seperate
section under total liabilities in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies
are required to segregate their assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions.
Hence, non-current portion of secured borrowings from central & state govt is captured under non-current liabilities
as ’secured long term borrowings from central & state government’ and the current portion of secured borrowings
from central & state govt is captured under current liabilities as secured short term borrowings from central & state
government’..
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current secured borrowings from central & state govt are captured under non-current and
current liabilities, the total amount of secured borrowings from central & state govt (secured long term borrowings
from central & state govt + secured short term borrowings from central & state govt) is captured in this data field,
for which a long time-series is available.
The value of secured long term borrowing from central & state govt used for calculating this data field is including
field might sometimes include secured long term borrowings from central & state govt excluding current portion
of borrowing.

1934 S ECURED BORROWINGS FROM GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

Indicator : Secured borrowings from government of india
Field : sec_borr_central_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of secured borrowings from the Government of India. It is a part of
total borrowings of a company.
The total amount of secured borrowings from central government are also captured separately under current and
Hence, non-current portion of secured borrowings from central government are captured under non-current liabil-
ities as ’secured long term borrowings from government of India’ and the current portion of secured borrowings
from central government are captured under current liabilities as ’secured short term borrowing from government
of India’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current secured borrowings from central govt are captured under non-current and current
liabilities, the total amount of secured borrowings from central govt (secured long term borrowings from central
govt + secured short term borrowings from central govt) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series
is available.
The value of secured long term borrowing from central govt used for calculating this data field is including the
data field might sometimes include secured long term borrowings from central govt excluding current portion of
borrowing.

S ECURED BORROWINGS FROM STATE GOVERNMENTS 1935

Indicator : Secured borrowings from state governments
Field : sec_borr_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of secured borrowings from the state governments. It is a part of total
borrowings of a company.
The total amount of secured borrowings from state governments are also captured separately under current and
Hence, secured long term borrowings from state governments are captured under non-current liabilities and secured
short term borrowings from state governments are captured under current liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current secured borrowings from state governments are captured under non-current and
current liabilities, the total amount of secured borrowings from state governments (secured long term borrowings
from state governments + secured short term borrowings from state governments) is captured in this data field, for
which a long time-series is available.
The value of secured long term borrowing from state governments used for calculating this data field is including
field might sometimes include secured long term borrowings from state governments excluding current portion of
borrowing.

1936 U NSECURED BORROWINGS FROM CENTRAL & STATE GOVT

Indicator : Unsecured borrowings from central & state govt
Field : unsec_borr_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings from central & state governments are a part of total borrowings by a company. Such borrowings may
be secured or unsecured. This data field captures the outstanding value of funds raised by a company from central
& state government which are unsecured.
The total amount of unsecured borrowings from central & state govt are also captured separately under current and
Hence, unsecured long term borrowings from central & state govt are captured under non-current liabilities and
secured short term borrowings from central & state govt are captured under current liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current unsecured borrowings from central & state govt are captured under non-current
and current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured borrowings from central & state govt (unsecured long term
borrowings from central & state govt + unsecured short term borrowings from central & state govt) is captured in
this data field, for which a long time-series is available.
The value of unsecured long term borrowing from central & state govt used for calculating this data field is includ-
ing the current portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the
date of balance sheet date. However, where companies do not report the current portion of long term borrowing for
field might sometimes include unsecured long term borrowings from central & state govt excluding current portion
of borrowing.

U NSECURED BORROWINGS FROM GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 1937

Indicator : Unsecured borrowings from government of india
Field : unsec_borr_central_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of unsecured borrowings from the Government of India. It is a part
of total borrowings of a company.
The total amount of unsecured borrowings from central government are also captured separately under current and
Hence, unsecured long term borrowings from central government are captured under non-current liabilities and
unsecured short term borrowings from central government are captured under current liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current unsecured borrowings from central govt are captured under non-current and
current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured borrowings from central govt (unsecured long term borrowings
from central govt + unsecured short term borrowings from central govt) is captured in this data field, for which a
long time-series is available.
The value of unsecured long term borrowing from central govt used for calculating this data field is including
the current portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the
date of balance sheet date. However, where companies do not report the current portion of long term borrowing
data field might sometimes include unsecured long term borrowings from central govt excluding current portion of
borrowing.

1938 U NSECURED BORROWINGS FROM STATE GOVERNMENTS

Indicator : Unsecured borrowings from state governments
Field : unsec_borr_state_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of unsecured borrowings from the state governments. It is a part of
total borrowings of a company.
The total amount of unsecured borrowings from state governments are also captured separately under current and
Hence, unsecured long term borrowings from state governments are captured under non-current liabilities and
unsecured short term borrowings from state governments are captured under current liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current unsecured borrowings from state governments are captured under non-current
and current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured borrowings from state governments (unsecured long term
borrowings from state governments + unsecured short term borrowings from state governments) is captured in this
data field, for which a long time-series is available.
The value of unsecured long term borrowing from state governments used for calculating this data field is including
field might sometimes include unsecured long term borrowings from state governments excluding current portion
of borrowing.

B ORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS 1939

Indicator : Borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
Field : borr_syndicated_banks_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Syndicated borrowings involve the coming together of a group of lenders to lend to a single borrower. Such a
group is known as a syndicate. Although syndicates usually consist of banks, a variety of institutional investors
can also participate. Syndicates usually come together to lend when companies require huge funds which can not
be met by a single bank or a single financial institution. In such an arrangement, each bank or financial institution
(FI) has a share in the total borrowings of the company. Banks and FIs do this to spread the risk of lending to one
large borrower. This data field captures the aggregate of the values of a company’s long term as well as short term
borrowings syndicated across various banks and FIs.
Since the financial year 2011-12, all companies apart from banking companies present their financial data in the
revised schedule VI disclosure format of the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS require-
ments. The revised schedule VI makes it mandatory for companies to broadly classify their assets and liabilities
into ’Current’ and ’Non-current’ categories. Current liabilities are those that are expected to settled within a period
of 12 months from the balance sheet date, while non-current liabilities are expected to stay in the company’s books
for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a company’s borrowings syndicated across banks
& institutions are also required to be segregated into non-current and current categories. This data field, however,
captures the sum of both, long term as well as short term components.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s borrowings syndicated across
banks & institutions is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data is
not available prior to 2011-12. As a result, this restriction makes it difficult to make a comparison between such
long term/short term portions of a company’s borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions as reported after
2011-12 with the combined/non-classified values captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the period before the
revised schedule VI guidelines were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also captured in this field.
Hence, this field facilitates the comparability of relevant data across time.
In summary, this data field captures historical data of a company’s borrowings syndicated across various banks and
FIs as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised schedule VI was applied) and the sum of the long term and
short term classifications of the same, reported as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

1940 S ECURED BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS

Indicator : Secured borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
Field : sec_borr_syndicated_banks_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
(FI), a group/consortium of banks/FIs might come together to lend to such a company. Such a group of lenders is
known as a syndicate. Although syndicates usually consist of banks, a variety of institutional investors can also
participate. In such an arrangement, each bank or financial institution (FI) has a share in the total borrowings of the
company. Banks and FIs might also do this to spread the risk of lending to one large borrower.
The latter two are a part of secured bank borrowings or secured financial institutional borrowings, respectively.
Secured borrowings are those which are backed by a borrower’s assets. They give the lender the right to liquidate
the said assets in order to recover dues, in the event of a default in repayment. This data field captures the aggregate
of the values of a company’s long term as well as short term secured borrowings syndicated across various banks
and FIs.
into ’Current’ and ’Non-current’ categories. Current liabilities are those that are expected to settled within a pe-
riod of 12 months from the balance sheet date, while non-current liabilities are expected to stay in the company’s
books for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a company’s secured borrowings syndicated
across banks & institutions are also required to be segregated into non-current and current categories. This data
field, however, captures the sum of both, long term as well as short term components.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s secured borrowings syndicated
across banks & institutions is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of
data is not available prior to 2011-12. As a result, this restriction makes it difficult to make a comparison between
such long term/short term portions of a company’s secured borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions as
reported after 2011-12 with the combined/non-classified values captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the
period before the revised schedule VI guidelines were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also
captured in this field. Hence, this field facilitates the comparability of relevant data across time.
In summary, this data field captures historical data of a company’s secured borrowings syndicated across various
banks and FIs as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised schedule VI was applied) and the sum of the long
term and short term classifications of the same, reported as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

U NSECURED BORROWINGS SYNDICATED ACROSS BANKS & INSTITUTIONS 1941

Indicator : Unsecured borrowings syndicated across banks & institutions
Field : unsec_borr_syndicated_banks_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
(FI), a group/consortium of banks/FIs might come together to lend to such a company. Such a group of lenders is
known as a syndicate. Although syndicates usually consist of banks, a variety of institutional investors can also
participate. In such an arrangement, each bank or financial institution (FI) has a share in the total borrowings of the
company. Banks and FIs might also do this to spread the risk of lending to one large borrower.
The latter two are a part of secured bank borrowings or secured financial institutional borrowings, respectively.
Secured borrowings are those which are backed by a borrower’s assets. They give the lender the right to liquidate the
said assets in order to recover dues, in the event of a default in repayment. On the other hand, unsecured borrowings
are those that are not backed by a charge on the borrower’s assets. This data field captures the aggregate of the
values of a company’s long term as well as short term unsecured borrowings syndicated across various banks and
FIs.
for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a company’s unsecured borrowings syndicated
across banks & institutions are also required to be segregated into non-current and current categories. This data
field, however, captures the sum of both, long term as well as short term components.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s unsecured borrowings syndi-
cated across banks & institutions is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segrega-
tion of data is not available prior to 2011-12. As a result, this restriction makes it difficult to make a comparison
between such long term/short term portions of a company’s unsecured borrowings syndicated across banks & in-
stitutions as reported after 2011-12 with the combined/non-classified values captured before 2011-12. Historical
data for the period before the revised schedule VI guidelines were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12,
is also captured in this field. Hence, this field facilitates the comparability of relevant data across time.
In summary, this data field captures historical data of a company’s unsecured borrowings syndicated across various
banks and FIs as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised schedule VI was applied) and the sum of the long
term and short term classifications of the same, reported as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

1942 D EBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Debentures and bonds
Field : deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debentures and bonds are a part of total borrowings by a company. This data field captures the outstanding value
of funds raised by a company through issue of debentures and bonds.
Bonds / debentures are long term debt instruments. These can be partly, fully or optionally convertible into equity
shares or they may be non-convertible in nature. They may be secured or unsecured. In case of secured debentures
or bonds, the holders have a lien over the company’s specific assets. Debentures and bonds can be unsecured also.
Usually, privately placed debentures are unsecured.
Prowess captures secured and unsecured debentures and bonds separately. This data field is the sum of these two.
The total amount of debentures and bonds issued by a company are also captured separately under ‘non-current
liabilities’ in Prowess. ‘Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total liabilities’ in
Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required to present their
assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions.
Hence, the non-current portion of debentures and bonds is captured under non-current liabilities and the current
portion is captured under current liabilities as ‘current maturities of long term borrowings’. However, as companies
have been presenting their financial statements in the new format only since April 2011, the time-series for non-
current and current portion is available only since 2010-11. Such data is not available for years prior to 2010-11.
To maintain a time-series, it becomes necessary for us to continue to capture data in the old format as well. Thus,
while the non-current and current portion of debentures and bonds are captured under non-current liabilities and
current liabilities, the total amount of debentures and bonds (non-current + current) is captured in this data field,

S ECURED DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1943

Indicator : Secured debentures and bonds
Field : sec_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of funds raised by a company through issue of secured debentures and bonds.
Prowess captures secured and unsecured debentures and bonds separately. This data field captures the total amount
of secured debentures and bonds issued by a company and which are outstanding as on the date of the balance
sheet.
The total amount of secured debentures and bonds issued by a company are also captured separately under ‘non-
current liabilities’ in Prowess. ‘Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total liabilities’
in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required to present their
Hence, the non-current portion of secured debentures and bonds is captured under non-current liabilities and the
current portion is captured under current liabilities as ‘current maturities of long term borrowings’. However, as
companies have been presenting their financial statements in the new format only since April 2011, the time-series
for non-current and current portion is available only since 2010-11. Such data is not available for years prior to
2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of debentures and bonds are captured under non-current liabilities and
current liabilities, the total amount of secured debentures and bonds (non-current + current) is captured in this data

1944 N ON - CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Non-convertible debentures and bonds
Field : non_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of funds raised by a company through issue of non-convertible debentures and bonds.
shares or they may be non-convertible in nature.
Debentures that are not convertible into ordinary shares of the company are termed as non-convertible debentures.
This data field captures the outstanding value of such non-convertible debentures and bonds.
The total amount of non-convertible debentures and bonds issued by a company are also captured separately under
‘non-current liabilities’ in Prowess. ‘Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total
liabilities’ in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required to
present their financial statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to
segregate their assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions.
Hence, the non-current portion of non-convertible debentures and bonds is captured under non-current liabilities
and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ‘current maturities of long term borrowings’. How-
ever, as companies have been presenting their financial statements in the new format only since April 2011, the
time-series for non-current and current portion is available only since 2010-11. Such data is not available for years
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of non-convertible debentures and bonds are captured under non-current
liabilities and current liabilities, the total amount of debentures and bonds (non-current + current) is captured in

Z ERO INTEREST BONDS 1945

Indicator : Zero interest bonds
Field : zero_int_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Zero interest bond is a debt instrument that does not carry any interest payment. It is issued at a discount to the face
value and is redeemed at par on maturity. Zero interest bonds are also termed as discount bonds or deep discount
bonds because they are issued at a discount to the face value.
This data field captures the outstanding amount of zero interest bonds as on the date of the balance sheet.
The total amount of zero interest bonds issued by a company are also captured separately under ‘non-current
Hence, the non-current portion of zero interest bonds is captured under non-current liabilities and the current
portion is captured under current liabilities as ‘current maturities of long term borrowings’. However, as companies
have been presenting their financial statements in the new format only since April 2011, the time-series for non-
current and current portion is available only since 2010-11. Such data is not available for years prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of zero interest bonds are captured under non-current liabilities and
current liabilities, the total amount of zero interest bonds (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for

1946 C ONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES

Indicator : Convertible debentures
Field : convertible_deb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
variety in the characteristics of debentures and bonds. One variant is a convertible debenture. These, at some
predetermined time, get converted, either fully or partly into ordinary shares of the companies.
other company at the option of the holder and/or the issuer at a specified date in the future and a specified price are
called as convertible debentures.
The outstanding value of convertible debentures is captured in this data field.
The total amount of convertible debentures and bonds issued by a company are also captured separately under ‘non-
Hence, the non-current portion of convertible debentures and bonds is captured under non-current liabilities and
the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ‘current maturities of long term borrowings’. However, as
2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of convertible debentures and bonds are captured under non-current
liabilities and current liabilities, the total amount of convertible debentures and bonds (non-current + current) is

F ULLY CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1947

Indicator : Fully convertible debentures and bonds
Field : fully_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of funds raised by a company through issue of fully convertible debentures and bonds.
Fully convertible debentures / bonds are those where the entire amount paid for the debentures / bonds are converted
into equity shares after a specified period of time.
This data field captures the outstanding amount of such fully convertible debentures issued by the company and not
converted into shares as on the date of the balance sheet.
The total amount of fully convertible debentures and bonds issued by a company is also captured separately under
Hence, the non-current portion of fully convertible debentures and bonds is captured under non-current liabilities
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of fully convertible debentures and bonds are captured under non-current
liabilities and current liabilities, the total amount of fully convertible debentures and bonds (non-current + current)
is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

1948 PARTLY CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Partly convertible debentures and bonds
Field : partly_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of funds raised by a company through issue of partly convertible debentures and bonds.
Partly convertible debentures / bonds are those where a part of the amount paid for the debentures/ bonds are
converted into equity shares after a specified period of time. The remaining portion of debentures / bonds are
redeemed on a pre-determined basis.
This data field captures the outstanding amount of such partly convertible debentures issued by the company and
not converted into shares as on the date of the balance sheet.
The total amount of partly convertible debentures and bonds issued by a company is also captured separately under
Hence, the non-current portion of partly convertible debentures and bonds is captured under non-current liabilities
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of partly convertible debentures and bonds are captured under non-current
liabilities and current liabilities, the total amount of partly convertible debentures and bonds (non-current + current)

O PTIONALLY CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1949

Indicator : Optionally convertible debentures and bonds
Field : opt_convertible_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of funds raised by a company through issue of optionally convertible debentures and bonds.
Debentures or bonds that are convertible into shares of the company at the option of the holder of the instrument,
are called optionally convertible debentures or bonds. The conversion is as per the terms of issue. Such instruments
may be partly or fully convertible into shares of the company.
This data field captures the outstanding amount of such optionally convertible debentures issued by the company
and not converted into shares as on the date of the balance sheet.
The total amount of optionally convertible debentures and bonds issued by a company is also captured separately
under ‘non-current liabilities’ in Prowess. ‘Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total
Hence, the non-current portion of optionally convertible debentures and bonds is captured under non-current lia-
bilities and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ‘current maturities of long term borrowings’.
the time-series for non-current and current portion is available only since 2010-11. Such data is not available for
while the non-current and current portion of optionally convertible debentures and bonds are captured under non-
current liabilities and current liabilities, the total amount of optionally convertible debentures and bonds (non-
current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

1950 B ONDS REDEEMABLE IN THE CURRENT YEAR

Indicator : Bonds redeemable in the current year
Field : redeem_sec_deb_curr_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The value of debentures / bonds redeemable within the one year from the date of the balance sheet is reported in
this data field.

U NSECURED DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1951

Indicator : Unsecured debentures and bonds
Field : unsec_deb_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of funds raised by a company through issue of unsecured debentures and bonds.
Prowess captures secured and unsecured debentures and bonds separately. This data field captures the outstanding
amount of unsecured debentures and bonds issued by a company.
The total amount of unsecured debentures and bonds issued by a company are also captured separately under ‘non-
Hence, the non-current portion of unsecured debentures and bonds is captured under non-current liabilities and the
current portion is captured under current liabilities as ‘current maturities of long term borrowings’. However, as
2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of unsecured debentures and bonds are captured under non-current liabil-
ities and current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured debentures and bonds (non-current + current) is captured
in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

1952 U NSECURED CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS

Indicator : Unsecured convertible debentures and bonds
Field : unsec_convert_debentures
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of funds raised by a company through issue of unsecured convertible debentures and bonds.
amount of unsecured convertible debentures and bonds issued by a company.
The total amount of unsecured convertible debentures and bonds issued by a company are also captured separately
under ‘non-current liabilities’ in Prowess. ‘Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total
Hence, the non-current portion of unsecured convertible debentures and bonds is captured under non-current lia-
bilities and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ‘current maturities of long term borrowings’.
while the non-current and current portion of unsecured convertible debentures and bonds are captured under non-
current liabilities and current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured convertible debentures and bonds (non-
current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

U NSECURED NON - CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND BONDS 1953

Indicator : Unsecured non-convertible debentures and bonds
Field : unsec_non_convert_debentures
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of funds raised by a company through issue of unsecured non-convertible debentures and bonds.
amount of unsecured non-convertible debentures and bonds issued by a company.
The total amount of unsecured non-convertible debentures and bonds issued by a company are also captured sep-
arately under ‘non-current liabilities’ in Prowess. ‘Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section
under ’total liabilities’ in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are
required to segregate their assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions.
Hence, the non-current portion of unsecured non-convertible debentures and bonds is captured under non-current
liabilities and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ‘current maturities of long term borrowings’.
while the non-current and current portion of unsecured non-convertible debentures and bonds are captured under
non-current liabilities and current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured non-convertible debentures and bonds
(non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

1954 D EBENTURES AND BONDS REDEEMABLE IN THE CURRENT YEAR

Indicator : Debentures and bonds redeemable in the current year
Field : redeem_unsec_deb_curr_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The amount of unsecured debentures / bonds redeemable within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet are
reported under this field.

F OREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS 1955

Indicator : Foreign currency borrowings
Field : frgn_crncy_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
From the perspective of an Indian company, any loan taken in a currency other than in Indian rupees is a foreign
currency loan. Examples of such loans are loans taken from foreign banks, foreign currency loans taken from
foreign branches of Indian banks, foreign currency loans taken from Indian banks, loans taken from EXIM banks,
loans taken from multinational lending institutions such as the World Bank, IBRD, and the Asian Development
Bank, external commercial borrowings (ECBs), global depository receipts (GDRs) and American depository re-
ceipts (ADRs). Foreign currency borrowings can be either secured or unsecured in nature.
This data field captures the aggregate value of a company’s foreign currency borrowings, i.e. the sum of both long
term as well as short term foreign currency borrowings. It represents the sum of both secured and unsecured foreign
currency borrowings.
for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a company’s foreign currency borrowings are also
required to be segregated into non-current and current categories. This data field, however, captures the sum of
both, long term as well as short term components.
Since banks are not required to adhere to the IFRS-based guidelines of the revised schedule VI, they are not required
to segregate their foreign currency borrowings into long and short term categories. Hence, this is the only field in
which their foreign currency borrowings can be captured. Hence, this field is more relevant to banking companies
than it is to non-financial companies.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s foreign currency borrowings is
captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data is not available prior to
2011-12. As a result, this restriction makes it difficult to make a comparison between such long term/short term
portions of a company’s foreign currency borrowings as reported after 2011-12 with the combined/non-classified
values captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the period before the revised schedule VI guidelines were
applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also captured in this field. Hence, this field facilitates the
comparability of relevant data across time.
In summary, this data field primarily captures the value of a banking company’s foreign currency borrowings. It
also captures historical data of foreign currency borrowings of all non-banking companies as reported prior to
2011-12 (before the revised schedule VI was applied) and the sum of the long term and short term classifications
of the same, reported as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

1956 S ECURED FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS

Indicator : Secured foreign currency borrowings
Field : sec_frgn_crncy_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
From the perspective of an Indian company, any loan taken in a currency other than in Indian rupees is a foreign
currency loan. Examples of such loans are loans taken from foreign banks, foreign currency loans taken from
foreign branches of Indian banks, foreign currency loans taken from Indian banks, loans taken from EXIM banks,
loans taken from multinational lending institutions such as the World Bank, IBRD, and the Asian Development
Bank, external commercial borrowings (ECBs), global depository receipts (GDRs) and American depository re-
ceipts (ADRs).
Foreign currency borrowings can be either secured or unsecured in nature. This data field captures the aggregate
value of a company’s secured foreign currency borrowings, i.e. the sum of both long term as well as short term
secured foreign currency borrowings.
for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a company is required to segregate its secured
foreign currency borrowings into non-current and current categories. This data field, however, captures the sum of
both, long term as well as short term components.
to segregate their secured foreign currency borrowings into long and short term categories. Hence, this is the only
field in which their secured foreign currency borrowings can be captured. Hence, this field is more relevant to
banking companies than it is to non-financial companies.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s secured foreign currency bor-
rowings is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data was not
available prior to 2011-12. As a result, there is no way to make a comparison between such long term/short term
portions of a company’s foreign currency borrowings as reported after 2011-12 with the combined/non-classified
values captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the period before the guidelines of the revised schedule VI
were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also captured in this field. Hence, this field facilitates the
comparability of relevant data across time.
In summary, this data field primarily captures the value of a banking company’s secured foreign currency bor-
rowings. It also captures historical data of secured foreign currency borrowings of all non-banking companies as
reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised schedule VI was applied) and the sum of the long term and short term
classifications of the same, reported as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

S ECURED EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS ( INCLUDING EURO BONDS ) 1957

Indicator : Secured external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds)
Field : sec_ecb_euro_bond
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the aggregate outstanding value of secured external commercial borrowings in the books
of a company irrespective of the tenure, i.e. the aggregate of both long term as well as short term secured external
commercial borrowings.
for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a non-finance company is required to segregate its
secured external commercial borrowings into non-current and current categories. This data field, however, captures
the sum of both, long term as well as short term components of the same.
to segregate their secured external commercial borrowings into long and short term categories. Hence, this is the
only field in which their secured external commercial borrowings can be captured. This field is, therefore, more
relevant to banking companies than it is to non-financial companies.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s secured external commercial
borrowings is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data was not
portions of a company’s secured external commercial borrowings as reported after 2011-12 with the combined/non-
classified values captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the period before the guidelines of the revised sched-
ule VI were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also captured in this field. Hence, this field facilitates
the comparability of relevant data across time.
In summary, this data field primarily captures the value of a banking company’s secured external commercial bor-
rowings. It also captures historical data of secured external commercial borrowings of all non-banking companies
as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised schedule VI was applied) and the sum of the long term and short
term classifications of the same, reported as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

1958 S ECURED FOREIGN CURRENCY CONVERTIBLE BONDS

Indicator : Secured foreign currency convertible bonds
Field : sec_euro_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the aggregate outstanding value of all of the secured FCCBs in the books of a company, i.e.
the aggregate of both long term as well as short term secured foreign currency convertible bonds.
for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a non-finance company is required to segregate
its secured foreign currency convertible bonds into non-current and current categories. This data field, however,
captures the sum of both, long term as well as short term components of the same.
to segregate their secured foreign currency convertible bonds into long and short term categories. Hence, this is the
only field in which their secured foreign currency convertible bonds can be captured. This field is, therefore, more
relevant to banking companies than it is to non-financial companies.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s secured foreign currency con-
vertible bonds is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data was not
available prior to 2011-12. As a result, there is no way to make a comparison between such long term/short
term portions of a company’s secured foreign currency convertible bonds as reported after 2011-12 with the
combined/non-classified values captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the period before the guidelines of
the revised schedule VI were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also captured in this field. Hence,
this field facilitates the comparability of relevant data across time.
In summary, this data field primarily captures the value of a banking company’s secured foreign currency con-
vertible bonds. It also captures historical data of secured foreign currency convertible bonds of all non-banking
companies as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised schedule VI was applied) and the sum of the long term
and short term classifications of the same, reported as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

S ECURED FOREIGN CURRENCY NON - CONVERTIBLE BONDS 1959

Indicator : Secured foreign currency non-convertible bonds
Field : sec_frgn_curr_non_conv_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign Currency non-convertible Bonds are bonds issued by an Indian company expressed in foreign currency, and
foreign currency.
This data field captures the aggregate of the outstanding values of a company’s secured foreign currency non-
convertible bonds, i.e. the aggregate of both long term as well as short term secured foreign currency non-
convertible bonds.
secured foreign currency non-convertible bonds into non-current and current categories. This data field, however,
to segregate their secured foreign currency non-convertible bonds into long and short term categories. Hence, this
is the only field in which their secured foreign currency non-convertible bonds can be captured. This field is,
therefore, more relevant to banking companies than it is to non-financial companies.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s secured foreign currency non-
convertible bonds is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data was
not available prior to 2011-12. As a result, there is no way to make a comparison between such long term/short
term portions of a company’s secured foreign currency non-convertible bonds as reported after 2011-12 with the
combined/non-classified values captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the period before the guidelines of the
revised schedule VI were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also captured in this field. Hence, this
field facilitates the comparability of relevant data across time.
In summary, this data field primarily captures the value of a banking company’s secured foreign currency non-
convertible bonds. It also captures historical data of secured foreign currency non-convertible bonds of all non-
banking companies as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised schedule VI was applied) and the sum of the
long term and short term classifications of the same, reported as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

1960 S ECURED FOREIGN SUPPLIERS ’ CREDIT

Indicator : Secured foreign suppliers’ credit
Field : sec_frgn_suppliers_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of secured foreign suppliers’ credit. Foreign suppliers’ credit can
be defined as credit for imports into India extended to a buyer by overseas suppliers, against a guarantee. Secured
credit granted by foreign suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods is captured in this data field.
capital goods.
The total amount of secured foreign suppliers’ credit is also captured separately under current and non-current lia-
bilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as a seperate section under total liabilities
Hence, secured long term foreign suppliers’ credit is captured under non-current liabilities and the secured short
term foreign suppliers’ credit is captured under current liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current secured foreign suppliers’ credit is captured under non-current and current liabilities,
the total amount of secured foreign suppliers’ credit (secured long term foreign suppliers’ credit + secured short
term foreign suppliers’ credit) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.
The value of secured long term foreign suppliers’ credit used for calculating this data field is including the current
portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the date of balance
sheet date. However, where companies do not report the current portion of long term borrowing for individual
class of borrowing or reports current portion for the total sum of all types of borrowings, then this data field might
sometimes include secured long term foreign suppliers’ credit excluding current portion of bank borrowing.

U NSECURED FOREIGN CURRENCY BORROWINGS 1961

Indicator : Unsecured foreign currency borrowings
Field : unsec_frgn_crncy_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
command a higher rate of interest in order to compensate the lender for the risk attached. This data field captures
the outstanding value of a company’s unsecured foreign currency borrowings.
The total amount of unsecured foreign currency borrowings are also captured separately under current and non-
current liabilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under total
liabilities in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required to
Hence, unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings are captured under non-current liabilities and the unse-
cured short term foreign currency borrowings are captured under current liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current unsecured foreign currency borrowings are captured under non-current and cur-
rent liabilities, the total amount of unsecured foreign currency borrowings (unsecured long term foreign currency
borrowings + unsecured short term foreign currency borrowings) is captured in this data field, for which a long
The value of unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings used for calculating this data field is including the
current portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the balance
sometimes include unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings excluding current portion of borrowing.

1962 U NSECURED EXTERNAL COMMERCIAL BORROWINGS ( INCLUDING EURO BONDS )

Indicator : Unsecured external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds)
Field : unsec_ecb_euro_bond
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of a company’s unsecured external commercial borrowings (including
euro bonds).
Foreign currency borrowings raised by Indian corporates from sources outside India are called ’External Commer-
cial Borrowings’. These include commercial loans, syndicated loans, floating or fixed rate notes or bonds, lines of
credit from foreign banks, loans from export credit agencies of other countries, foreign currency convertible bonds,
suppliers’ credit, etc.
The total amount of unsecured external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) are also captured separately
under current and non-current liabilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as
separate sections under total liabilities in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011,
companies are required to present their financial statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule,
companies are required to segregate their assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions.
Hence, unsecured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) are captured under non-current
liabilities and the unsecured short term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) are captured under
current liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current unsecured external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) are captured
under non-current and current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured external commercial borrowings (including
euro bonds) (unsecured long term external commercial borrowings + unsecured short term external commercial
borrowings) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.
The value of unsecured long term external commercial borrowings (including euro bonds) used for calculating this
data field is including the current portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12
months from the date of balance sheet. However, where companies do not report the current portion of long term
borrowing for individual class of borrowing or reports current portion for the total sum of all types of borrowings,
then this data field might sometimes include unsecured long term foreign currency borrowings excluding current
portion of the borrowing.

U NSECURED FOREIGN CURRENCY CONVERTIBLE BONDS 1963

Indicator : Unsecured foreign currency convertible bonds
Field : unsec_euro_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the aggregate outstanding value of all of the unsecured FCCBs in the books of a company,
i.e. the aggregate of both long term as well as short term unsecured foreign currency convertible bonds.
for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a non-finance company is required to segregate
its unsecured foreign currency convertible bonds into non-current and current categories. This data field, however,
to segregate their unsecured foreign currency convertible bonds into long and short term categories. Hence, this is
the only field in which their unsecured foreign currency convertible bonds can be captured. This field is, therefore,
more relevant to banking companies than it is to non-financial companies.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s unsecured foreign currency
convertible bonds is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data was
term portions of a company’s unsecured foreign currency convertible bonds as reported after 2011-12 with the
In summary, this data field primarily captures the value of a banking company’s unsecured foreign currency con-
vertible bonds. It also captures historical data of unsecured foreign currency convertible bonds of all non-banking

1964 U NSECURED FOREIGN CURRENCY NON - CONVERTIBLE BONDS

Indicator : Unsecured foreign currency non-convertible bonds
Field : unsec_frgn_curr_non_conv_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Foreign currency non-convertible Bonds are bonds issued by an Indian company expressed in foreign currency, and
foreign currency.
This data field captures the aggregate of the outstanding values of a company’s unsecured foreign currency non-
convertible bonds, i.e. the aggregate of both long term as well as short term unsecured foreign currency non-
convertible bonds.
into ’Current’ and ’Non-current’ categories. Current liabilities are those that are expected to be settled within a
period of 12 months from the balance sheet date, while non-current liabilities are expected to stay in the company’s
books for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a non-finance company is required to segre-
gate its unsecured foreign currency non-convertible bonds into non-current and current categories. This data field,
however, captures the sum of both, long term as well as short term components of the same.
to segregate their secured foreign currency non-convertible bonds into long and short term categories. Hence, this
is the only field in which their unsecured foreign currency non-convertible bonds can be captured. This field is,
therefore, more relevant to banking companies than it is to non-financial companies.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s unsecured foreign currency
non-convertible bonds is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data
was not available prior to 2011-12. As a result, there is no way to make a comparison between such long term/short
term portions of a company’s unsecured foreign currency non-convertible bonds as reported after 2011-12 with the
In summary, this data field primarily captures the value of a banking company’s unsecured foreign currency non-
convertible bonds. It also captures historical data of unsecured foreign currency non-convertible bonds of all
non-banking companies as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised schedule VI was applied) and the sum
of the long term and short term classifications of the same, reported as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI
guidelines.

U NSECURED FOREIGN CURRENCY SUB - ORDINATED DEBT 1965

Indicator : Unsecured foreign currency sub-ordinated debt
Field : unsec_frgn_curr_subord_debt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of unsecured foreign currency sub-ordinated debt raised by a company.
The total amount of unsecured foreign currency sub-ordinated debt are also captured separately under current and
non-current liabilities in Prowess. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as a separate
Hence, non-current portion of unsecured foreign currency sub-ordinated debt is captured under non-current liabili-
ties as ’Unsecured long term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt’ and the current portion is captured under current
liabilities as ’Unsecured short term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current unsecured foreign currency sub-ordinated debt is captured under non-current
and current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured foreign currency sub-ordinated debt (non-current + current) is
The value of unsecured long term foreign currency sub-ordinated debt used for calculating this data field is includ-
ing the current portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the
date of balance sheet date. However, where companies do not report the current portion of long term borrowing
data field might sometimes include unsecured foreign currency sub-ordinated debt excluding current portion of the
borrowing.

1966 U NSECURED FOREIGN SUPPLIERS ’ CREDIT

Indicator : Unsecured foreign suppliers’ credit
Field : unsec_frgn_suppliers_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of unsecured foreign suppliers’ credit. Foreign suppliers’ credit can
be defined as credit for imports into India extended to a buyer by overseas suppliers and which is unsecured in
nature. Unsecured credit granted by foreign suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods is captured in
this data field.
capital goods.
The total amount of unsecured foreign suppliers’ credit is also captured separately under current and non-current
liabilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under total liabil-
ities in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required to present
their assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions.
Hence, unsecured long term foreign suppliers’ credit is captured under non-current liabilities and the unsecured
short term foreign suppliers’ credit is captured under current liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current unsecured foreign suppliers’ credit is captured under non-current and current liabilities,
the total amount of unsecured foreign suppliers’ credit (unsecured long term foreign suppliers’ credit + unsecured
short term foreign suppliers’ credit) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.
The value of unsecured long term foreign suppliers’ credit used for calculating this data field is including the current
sometimes include unsecured long term foreign suppliers’ credit excluding current portion of borrowing.

L OANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS 1967

Indicator : Loans from promoters, directors and shareholders
Field : loan_frm_promoters
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
promoters, directors and shareholders of a company. It therefore represents the total outstanding value of loans
sourced from promoters, directors and shareholders in their individual capacities.
is captured.
This data field captures the aggregate value of all loans from promoters, directors and shareholders, i.e. the aggre-
gate of both long term as well as short term components thereof.
loans from promoters, directors and shareholders into non-current and current categories. This data field, however,
to segregate their loans from promoters, directors and shareholders into long and short term categories. Hence, this
is the only field in which their loans from promoters, directors and shareholders can be captured.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s loans from promoters, directors
and shareholders is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data was
term portions of a company’s loans from promoters, directors and shareholders as reported after 2011-12 with the
In summary, this data field primarily captures the value of a banking company’s loans from promoters, directors and
shareholders. It also captures historical data of loans from promoters, directors and shareholders of all non-banking

1968 S ECURED LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS

Indicator : Secured loans from promoters, directors and shareholders
Field : sec_loan_frm_promoters_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
usually unsecured in nature, unless a company explicitly specifies that these loans are secured in nature. Secured
borrowings are those which are backed by a lien on the borrower’s assets. It gives the lender the right to liquidate
the said assets in order to recover dues in the event of a default in repayment on the part of the borrower.
This data field exclusively pertains to secured loans provided by promoters, directors and shareholders of a com-
pany. It therefore represents the total outstanding value of loans sourced from promoters, directors and shareholders
in their individual capacities, i.e. the aggregate of both, long term as well as short term secured loans from promot-
ers, directors and shareholders.
is captured.
secured loans provided by promoters, directors and shareholders into non-current and current categories. This data
field, however, captures the sum of both, long term as well as short term components of the same.
Since banks are not required to adhere to the IFRS-based guidelines of the revised schedule VI, they are not
required to segregate their secured loans provided by promoters, directors and shareholders into long and short
term categories. Hence, this is the only field in which their secured foreign currency non-convertible bonds can be
captured. This field is, therefore, more relevant to banking companies than it is to non-financial companies.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s secured loans provided by
promoters, directors and shareholders is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a
segregation of data was not available prior to 2011-12. As a result, there is no way to make a comparison between
such long term/short term portions of a company’s secured loans provided by promoters, directors and shareholders
as reported after 2011-12 with the combined/non-classified values captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the
period before the guidelines of the revised schedule VI were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also
captured in this field. Hence, this field facilitates the comparability of relevant data across time.
In summary, this data field primarily captures the value of a banking company’s secured loans provided by pro-
moters, directors and shareholders. It also captures historical data of secured loans from promoters, directors and
shareholders in their individual capacities, of all non-banking companies as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the
revised schedule VI was applied) and the sum of the long term and short term classifications of the same, reported
as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

U NSECURED LOANS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS 1969

Indicator : Unsecured loans from promoters, directors and shareholders
Field : unsec_loan_frm_promoters_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
usually unsecured in nature, unless a company explicitly specifies that these loans are secured in nature. Unsecured
borrowings are those which are backed by a lien on the borrower’s assets.
This data field exclusively pertains to unsecured loans provided by promoters, directors and shareholders of a
company. It therefore represents the total outstanding value of unsecured loans sourced from promoters, directors
and shareholders in their individual capacities, i.e. the aggregate of both, long term as well as short term unsecured
loans from promoters, directors and shareholders.
If the promoter of a company is a business entity and not an individual, then the loans provided by such an entity
are captured elsewhere. In this data field, only unsecured loans provided by promoters, directors and shareholders
as individuals is captured.
unsecured loans provided by promoters, directors and shareholders into non-current and current categories. This
data field, however, captures the sum of both, long term as well as short term components of the same.
Since banks are not required to adhere to the IFRS-based guidelines of the revised schedule VI, they are not
required to segregate their unsecured loans provided by promoters, directors and shareholders into long and short
term categories. Hence, this is the only field in which their unsecured foreign currency non-convertible bonds can
be captured. This field is, therefore, more relevant to banking companies than it is to non-financial companies.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s unsecured loans provided
by promoters, directors and shareholders is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such
a segregation of data was not available prior to 2011-12. As a result, there is no way to make a comparison
between such long term/short term portions of a company’s unsecured loans provided by promoters, directors and
shareholders as reported after 2011-12 with the combined/non-classified values captured before 2011-12. Historical
data for the period before the guidelines of the revised schedule VI were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year
2011-12, is also captured in this field. Hence, this field facilitates the comparability of relevant data across time.
In summary, this data field primarily captures the value of a banking company’s unsecured loans provided by
promoters, directors and shareholders. It also captures historical data of unsecured loans provided by promoters,
directors and shareholders of all non-banking companies as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised schedule
VI was applied) and the sum of the long term and short term classifications of the same, reported as per the IFRS-
based revised schedule VI guidelines.

1970 I NTER - CORPORATE LOANS

Indicator : Inter-corporate loans
Field : inter_corp_loan
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The Prowess database captures secured and unsecured short term inter-corporate borrowings separately. This data
field is the sum of both secured as well as unsecured inter-corporate borrowings, and therefore represents the total
outstanding inter-corporate loans of the company.
limit, it is required to seek approval by way of a special resolution. The loan can not be given at rates lower than the
This data field captures the aggregate value of inter-corporate loans taken by a company, irrespective of the tenure,
i.e. the aggregate of both long term as well as short term inter-corporate loans.
into ’Current’ and ’Non-current’ categories. Current liabilities are those that are expected to settled within a pe-
riod of 12 months from the balance sheet date, while non-current liabilities are expected to stay in the company’s
books for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a company is required to categorise its
inter-corporate loans into non-current and current categories.
to segregate their inter-corporate loans into long and short term categories. Hence, this is the only field in which
their inter-corporate loans can be captured.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s inter-corporate loans is captured
in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data was not available prior to 2011-12.
As a result, there is no way to make a comparison between such long term/short term portions of a company’s
inter-corporate loans as reported after 2011-12 with the combined/non-classified values captured before 2011-12.
Historical data for the period before the guidelines of the revised schedule VI were applied, i.e. prior to the financial
year 2011-12, is also captured in this field. Hence, this field facilitates the comparability of relevant data across
time. It is a derived field created on Prowess in order to facilitate comparability between historical data prior to the
applicability of the IFRS-based revised schedule VI and the new format of data as per the revised schedule VI.
In summary, this data field captures the value of a banking company’s inter-corporate loans, the historical data of
inter-corporate loans of all non-banking companies as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised schedule VI
was applied) and the sum of the long term and short term classifications of the same, reported as per the IFRS-based
revised schedule VI guidelines.

S ECURED INTER - CORPORATE LOANS 1971

Indicator : Secured inter-corporate loans
Field : sec_inter_corp_loan
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The Prowess database captures secured and unsecured inter-corporate borrowings separately. This data field per-
tains to the total outstanding value of secured inter-corporate loans.
This data field captures the value of secured borrowings by the company from business enterprises, excluding
banks and financial institutions. These inter-corporate loans exclude loans taken from individuals and from banks
and financial institutions. It includes loans from subsidiaries, group or associate companies as well.
This data field captures the aggregate value of secured inter-corporate loans taken by a company irrespective of the
tenure, i.e. the aggregate of both long term as well as short term secured inter-corporate loans.
for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a company is required to categorise its secured
inter-corporate loans into non-current and current categories.
to segregate their secured inter-corporate loans into long and short term categories. Hence, this is the only field in
which their secured inter-corporate loans can be captured.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s secured inter-corporate loans
is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data was not available
prior to 2011-12. As a result, there is no way to make a comparison between such long term/short term portions
of a company’s secured inter-corporate loans as reported after 2011-12 with the combined/non-classified values
captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the period before the guidelines of the revised schedule VI were
applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also captured in this field. Hence, this field facilitates the
comparability of relevant data across time. It is a derived field created on Prowess in order to facilitate comparability
between historical data prior to the applicability of the IFRS-based revised schedule VI and the new format of data
as per the revised schedule VI.
In summary, this data field captures the value of a banking company’s secured inter-corporate loans, the historical
data of secured inter-corporate loans of all non-banking companies as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised

1972 S ECURED INTER - CORPORATE LOANS
schedule VI was applied) and the sum of the long term and short term classifications of the same, reported as per
the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

S ECURED LOANS FROM SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES 1973

Indicator : Secured loans from subsidiary companies
Field : sec_loan_frm_subsi_co
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
companies, from group companies & associated business enterprises, or from any other company. This data field
captures secured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company from its subsidiary companies.
This data field captures the secured portion of term loans taken by a company from its subsidiaries.
This data field captures the aggregate value of secured loans taken by a company from its subsidiary, i.e. the
aggregate of both long term as well as short term secured loans from subsidiary companies.
loans from subsidiary companies into non-current and current categories.
to segregate their secured loans from subsidiaries into long and short term categories. Hence, this is the only field
in which their secured loans from subsidiary companies can be captured.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s secured loans from subsidiary
companies is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data was not
portions of a company’s secured loans from subsidiary companies as reported after 2011-12 with the combined/non-
classified values captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the period before the guidelines of the revised sched-
ule VI were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also captured in this field. Hence, this field facilitates
the comparability of relevant data across time. It is a derived field created on Prowess in order to facilitate compa-
rability between historical data prior to the applicability of the IFRS-based revised schedule VI and the new format
of data as per the revised schedule VI.
In summary, this data field captures the value of a banking company’s secured loans from subsidiary companies,
the historical data of secured loans from subsidiary companies of all non-banking companies as reported prior to

1974 S ECURED LOANS FROM SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
of the same, reported as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

S ECURED LOANS FROM GROUP AND ASSOC . BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 1975

Indicator : Secured loans from group and assoc. business enterprises
Field : sec_loan_frm_gp_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
captures secured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company from other companies belonging to the
same business group/other associate business enterprises.
This data field captures the aggregate value of secured loans taken by a company from its group companies and
associated business enterprises, i.e. the aggregate of both long term as well as short term secured loans from group
and associated business enterprises.
loans from group and associated business enterprises into non-current and current categories.
to segregate their secured loans from group and associated business enterprises into long and short term categories.
Hence, this is the only field in which their secured loans from group and associated business enterprises can be
captured.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s secured loans from group and
associated business enterprises is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation
of data was not available prior to 2011-12. As a result, there is no way to make a comparison between such
long term/short term portions of a company’s secured loans from group and associate companies as reported after
2011-12 with the combined/non-classified values captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the period before
the guidelines of the revised schedule VI were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also captured in
this field. Hence, this field facilitates the comparability of relevant data across time. It is a derived field created
on Prowess in order to facilitate comparability between historical data prior to the applicability of the IFRS-based
revised schedule VI and the new format of data as per the revised schedule VI.
In summary, this data field captures the value of a banking company’s secured loans from group companies and
associated business enterprises, the historical data of the same of all non-banking companies as reported prior to

1976 S ECURED LOANS FROM GROUP AND ASSOC . BUSINESS ENTERPRISES
thereof reported as per the IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

S ECURED LOANS FROM OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 1977

Indicator : Secured loans from other business enterprises
Field : sec_loan_frm_oth_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
field captures secured inter-corporate loans that have been taken by a company from ’other business enterprises’,
i.e. companies that are neither subsidiaries nor group companies & associated business enterprises.
This data field captures the value of secured loans from ’other business enterprises’.
This data field captures the aggregate value of secured loans taken by a company from ’other business enterprises’
- companies that are neither subsidiaries nor group companies & associated business enterprises, i.e. the aggregate
of both long term as well as short term secured loans from ’other business enterprises’.
loans from other business enterprises into long and short term categories.
to segregate their secured loans from other business enterprises into long and short term categories. Hence, this is
the only field in which their secured loans from ’other business enterprises’ can be captured.
Although data pertaining to long term and short term classification of a company’s secured loans from other busi-
ness enterprises is captured in separate fields on Prowess from 2011-12 onwards, such a segregation of data was
term portions of a company’s secured loans from group and associate companies as reported after 2011-12 with
the combined/non-classified values captured before 2011-12. Historical data for the period before the guidelines of
the revised schedule VI were applied, i.e. prior to the financial year 2011-12, is also captured in this field. Hence,
this field facilitates the comparability of relevant data across time. It is a derived field created on Prowess in order
to facilitate comparability between historical data prior to the applicability of the IFRS-based revised schedule VI
and the new format of data as per the revised schedule VI.

1978 S ECURED LOANS FROM OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES
In summary, this data field captures the value of a banking company’s secured loans from other business enterprises,
the historical data of the same of all non-banking companies as reported prior to 2011-12 (before the revised
schedule VI was applied) and the sum of the long term and short term classifications thereof reported as per the
IFRS-based revised schedule VI guidelines.

U NSECURED INTER - CORPORATE LOANS 1979

Indicator : Unsecured inter-corporate loans
Field : unsec_inter_corp_loan
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are loans provided by one company to another. Such loans include loans taken from subsidiary
companies, group & associate companies and other companies.
The Prowess database captures secured and unsecured inter-corporate borrowings separately. This data field cap-
tures the outstanding value of unsecured inter-corporate loans of the company.
prevailing bank rate. Also, if the lending company is in default under section 58A of the Companies Act, 1956,
then it is not allowed to lend to other corporate. Additionally, the lending company is required to maintain a register
of loans with prescribed details.
The total amount of unsecured inter-corporate loans is also captured separately under current and non-current lia-
bilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under total liabilities
Hence, unsecured long term inter-corporate loans is captured under non-current liabilities and the unsecured short
term inter-corporate loans is captured under current liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current unsecured inter-corporate loans is captured under non-current and current liabilities,
the total amount of unsecured inter-corporate loans (unsecured long term inter-corporate loans + unsecured short
term inter-corporate loans) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.
The value of unsecured long term inter-corporate loans used for calculating this data field is including the current
sometimes include unsecured long term inter-corporate loans excluding current portion of borrowing.

1980 U NSECURED LOANS FROM SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Indicator : Unsecured loans from subsidiary companies
Field : unsec_loan_frm_subsi_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are loans provided by one company to another. Such loans include loans taken from sub-
sidiary companies, group & associate companies and other companies. The Prowess database captures secured and
unsecured inter-corporate borrowings separately.
This data field captures the outstanding value of the unsecured loans taken by a company from its subsidiary
company.
The total amount of unsecured loans from subsidiary companie is also captured separately under current and non-
Hence, unsecured long term loans from subsidiary companies is captured under non-current liabilities and the
unsecured short term loans from subsidiary companies is captured under current liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current unsecured loans from subsidiary companies is captured under non-current and
current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured loans from subsidiary companies (unsecured long term loans from
subsidiary companies + unsecured short term loans from subsidiary companies) is captured in this data field, for
The value of unsecured long term loans from subsidiary companies used for calculating this data field is including
the current portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months from the
balance sheet date. However, where companies do not report the current portion of long term borrowing for
field might sometimes include unsecured long term loans from subsidiary companies excluding current portion of
borrowing.

U NSECURED LOANS FROM GROUP & ASSOCIATE BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 1981

Indicator : Unsecured loans from group & associate business enterprises
Field : unsec_loan_frm_gp_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are loans provided by one company to another. Such loans include loans taken from sub-
sidiary companies, group & associate companies and other companies. The Prowess database captures secured and
unsecured inter-corporate borrowings separately.
This data field captures the outstanding value of any unsecured loans taken from business entities belonging to the
same business group.
The total amount of unsecured loans from group & associate business enterprises is also captured separately under
current and non-current liabilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate
sections under total liabilities in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies
Hence, unsecured long term loans from group & associate business enterprises is captured under non-current lia-
bilities and the unsecured short term loans from group & associate business enterprises is captured under current
liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current unsecured loans from group & associate business enterprises is captured under
non-current and current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured loans from group & associate business enterprises
(unsecured long term loans from group & associate business enterprises + unsecured short term loans from group
& associate business enterprises) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.
The value of unsecured long term loans from group & associate business enterprises used for calculating this data
field is including the current portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12
months from the balance sheet date. However, where companies do not report the current portion of long term
borrowing for individual class of borrowing or reports current portion for the total sum of all types of borrowings,
then this data field might sometimes include unsecured long term loans from group & associate business enterprises
excluding current portion of borrowing.

1982 U NSECURED LOANS FROM OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Unsecured loans from other business enterprises
Field : unsec_loan_frm_oth_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-corporate loans are loans provided by one company to another. Such loans include loans taken from subsidiary
companies, group & associate companies and other companies. This data field captures all loans taken from
business entities other than subsidiaries and group companies.
The Prowess database captures secured and unsecured inter-corporate borrowings separately. This data field cap-
tures the outstanding value of all unsecured loans taken from business entities other than subsidiaries and group
companies.
Loans taken from firms and corporates in which a director (other than a promoter director) of the company has a
substantial interest but are not subsidiaries or group companies is also reported in this field.
The total amount of unsecured loans from other business enterprises is also captured separately under current and
non-current liabilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under
total liabilities in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required
to present their financial statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required
to segregate their assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions.
Hence, unsecured long term loans from other business enterprises is captured under non-current liabilities and the
unsecured short term loans from other business enterprises is captured under current liabilities.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current unsecured loans from other business enterprises is captured under non-current
and current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured loans from other business enterprises (unsecured long term
loans from other business enterprises + unsecured short term loans from other business enterprises) is captured in
The value of unsecured long term loans from other business enterprises used for calculating this data field is
including the current portion of the borrowings which are expected to be paid off within a period of 12 months
from the balance sheet date. However, where companies do not report the current portion of long term borrowing

U NSECURED LOANS FROM OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 1983
data field might sometimes include unsecured long term loans from other business enterprises excluding current
portion of borrowing.

1984 D EFERRED CREDIT

Indicator : Deferred credit
Field : deferred_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Deferred credit is an arrangement where the liability, which is usually repayable in one year, can be repaid over
a period exceeding one year by an enterprise. Such credits are usually granted by government authorities for
industrial promotion or for backward area development or by suppliers of plant and machinery and other capital
goods.
credit. Here the government permits the company not to pay sales tax for a block of years. The sales tax liability
for the said years is accumulated and shown as Sales Tax Deferred in the company’s balance sheet. The payment
of this liability commences after the moratorium period gets over.
machinery, give the company a longer time to repay the liability if the amount involved is large.
Deferred credit is an unsecured debt. However, if a company specifically states that a particular deferred credit is
secured then, Prowess captures it as a secured credit.
This Indicator is the sum of secured and unsecured deferred credit.
The total amount of deferred credit is also captured separately under ‘non-current liabilities’ in Prowess. ‘Non-
current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total liabilities’ in Prowess after the introduction of
revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required to present their financial statements as per revised
Hence, the non-current portion of deferred credit is captured under non-current liabilities as ‘long term deferred
credit’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ‘short term deferred credit’. However, as
2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of deferred credit is captured under non-current liabilities and current
liabilities, the total amount of deferred credit (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long

S ECURED DEFERRED CREDIT 1985

Indicator : Secured deferred credit
Field : sec_deferred_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
goods.
secured then, Prowess captures it as a secured credit. If the company does not classify it into secured or unsecured
then the amount of deferred credit is reported in the data field ‘Unsecured deferred credit’ and not in this data field.
This Indicator captures the amount of secured deferred credit.
The total amount of secured deferred credit is also captured separately under ‘non-current liabilities’ in Prowess.
‘Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total liabilities’ in Prowess after the introduc-
tion of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required to present their financial statements as per
revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to segregate their assets and liabilities into
current and non-current portions.
Hence, the non-current portion of secured deferred credit is captured under non-current liabilities under ‘long term
deferred credit’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities under ‘short term deferred credit’.
while the non-current and current portion of secured deferred credit is captured under non-current liabilities and
current liabilities, the total amount of secured deferred credit (non-current + current) is captured in this data field,

1986 S ECURED DOMESTIC SUPPLIER ’ S CREDIT

Indicator : Secured domestic supplier’s credit
Field : sec_domestic_suppliers_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Suppliers Credit generally relates to credit for imports into India extended by the overseas suppliers or financial
institutions outside India. However, there are cases of such credit from domestic suppliers as well. Where “seed
money” to launch the business is needed to cover costs related to equipment, fixtures, supplies, among others,
buyers may finance their start up with suppliers credit. Many suppliers have developed credit programs where they
provide the goods on credit; re-paid with interest, over a specified period. It reduces the need for short-term loans
from banks.
Suppliers credit is different from sundry creditors. Sundry creditors include liabilities to regular suppliers from
Suppliers credit on the other hand is in the nature of a short term loan for capital goods. Normally suppliers’
credit is payable within a year, however, when the quantum of capital goods supplied and the amount involved is
large, the credit period may extend beyond one year. This is particularly so in the case of sectors like power and
telecommunication where large and costly machinery is bought and where installation of such machinery takes a
long time.
Secured credit granted by domestic suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods is reported in this data
field. It captures suppliers credit from domestic suppliers alone. Foreign suppliers’ credit is not a part of this data
field, it is reported separately. In case the company has not classified suppliers’ credit as secured or unsecured then
the same is reported by Prowess as ‘unsecured domestic suppliers’ credit’.
If a company reports only ‘Suppliers Credit’ in its balance sheet and does not report ‘Sundry Creditors for goods’
anywhere including the notes to accounts, then in such a case, Prowess assumes that the ‘Suppliers Credit’ given in
the balance sheet is for goods and services. And, it is reported as ‘Sundry creditors for goods and services’ under
Current Liabilities and Provisions, and not in this data field.
The total amount of unsecured domestic supplier’s credit is also captured separately under current and non-current
liabilities in Prowess. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as a separate section under
Hence, the non-current portion of secured domestic supplier’s credit is captured under non-current liabilities as
’Secured long term domestic suppliers/buyer credit’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as
’Secured short term domestic suppliers/buyer credit’.
prior to 2010-11.

S ECURED DOMESTIC SUPPLIER ’ S CREDIT 1987
the non-current and current secured domestic suppliers credit is captured under non-current and current liabilities,
the total amount of secured domestic suppliers credit (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which
a long time-series is available.
The value of secured long term domestic supplier’s credit used for calculating this data field is including the current
sometimes include secured long term domestic supplier’s credit excluding current portion of borrowing.

1988 U NSECURED DEFERRED CREDIT

Indicator : Unsecured deferred credit
Field : unsec_deferred_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
goods.
secured then, Prowess captures it as a secured credit. If the company does not classify it into secured or unsecured
then the amount of deferred credit is reported in the data field ‘Unsecured deferred credit’ and not in this data field.
This Indicator captures the amount of unsecured deferred credit.
The total amount of unsecured deferred credit is also captured separately under ‘non-current liabilities’ in Prowess.
Hence, the non-current portion of unsecured deferred credit is captured under non-current liabilities under ‘long
term deferred credit’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities under ‘short term deferred credit’.
while the non-current and current portion of unsecured deferred credit is captured under non-current liabilities and
current liabilities, the total amount of unsecured deferred credit (non-current + current) is captured in this data field,

U NSECURED DOMESTIC SUPPLIER ’ S CREDIT 1989

Indicator : Unsecured domestic supplier’s credit
Field : unsec_domestic_suppliers_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Credit granted by domestic suppliers of plant and machinery or other capital goods is reported in this data field.
Suppliers credit is different from sundry creditors, the distinction being that supplier’s credit pertains to credit for
large capital goods items.
Suppliers’ credit is generally unsecured in nature and all such credits is reported in this data field. Only in cases
where a company specifically classifies suppliers’ credit as secured, then it is captured as secured supplier’s credit.
In all other cases, supplier’s credit is captured as unsecured.
Foreign suppliers’ credit is not a part of this data field. It is reported separately.
If a company reports only ’Suppliers Credit’ in its balance sheet and does not report ’Sundry Creditors for goods’
anywhere including the notes to accounts, then in such a case, Prowess assumes that the ’Suppliers Credit’ given in
the balance sheet is for goods and services. And, it is reported as ’Sundry creditors for goods and services’ under
Current Liabilities and Provisions, and not in this data field.
The total amount of unsecured domestic supplier’s credit is also captured separately under current and non-current
liabilities in Prowess. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as a separate section under
Hence, the non-current portion of unsecured domestic supplier’s credit is captured under non-current liabilities as
’Unsecured long term domestic suppliers/buyers credit’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities
as ’Unsecured short term domestic suppliers/buyers credit’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current unsecured domestic supplier’s credit is captured under non-current and current
liabilities, the total amount of unsecured domestic suppliers credit (non-current + current) is captured in this data
The value of unsecured long term domestic suppliers credit used for calculating this data field is including the

1990 U NSECURED DOMESTIC SUPPLIER ’ S CREDIT
data field might sometimes include unsecured long term domestic supplier’s credit excluding current portion of
borrowing.

I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE 1991

Indicator : Interest accrued and due
Field : int_accrued_and_due
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, interest accrued and due on borrowings should be clubbed with
the respective loans. However, CMIE captures this data separately, wherever such information is available. It also
captures secured and unsecured interest accrued and due separately. This data field represents the total interest
accrued and due. It is the sum of secured and unsecured interest accrued and due.

1992 I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ( ON SECURED BORROWINGS )

Indicator : Interest accrued and due (on secured borrowings)
Field : sec_borr_int_accr_and_due
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Interest payments on secured borrowings that were due for payment but were not paid as on the date of the balance
sheet are termed as interest accrued and due on secured borrowings. These are reported in this data field.
the respective loans i.e. interest accrued and due on secured borrowings should be added to secured borrowings
and interest accrued and due on unsecured borrowings should be added to unsecured borrowings. CMIE reports
these separately, in this data field, whenever such data is available.

I NTEREST ACCRUED AND DUE ( UN - SECURED BORROWINGS ) 1993

Indicator : Interest accrued and due (un-secured borrowings)
Field : unsec_borr_int_accr_and_due
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Interest payments on unsecured borrowings that were due for payment but were not paid as on the date of the
balance sheet are termed as interest accrued and due on unsecured borrowings. These are reported in this data field.
the respective loans i.e. interest accrued and due on secured borrowings should be added to secured borrowings
and interest accrued and due on unsecured borrowings should be added to unsecured borrowings. CMIE captures
this data separately, wherever it is available.

1994 H IRE PURCHASE LOANS

Indicator : Hire purchase loans
Field : hire_purchase_loan
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the outstanding value of finance lease obligations as on the balance sheet date. The value of
this data field may be of secured finance lease obligations or unsecured finance lease obligations or both. It is a
part of total borrowings of a company.
The outstanding value of finance lease obligations is also captured separately under ’non-current liabilities’ in
Prowess. ’Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total liabilities’ in Prowess after the
introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required to present their financial statements
as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to segregate their assets and liabilities
into current and non-current portions.
Hence, the non-current portion of finance lease obligations is captured under non-current liabilities and the cur-
rent portion is captured under current liabilities as ’current maturities of finance lease obligations’ However, as
for current and non-current liabilities is available only since 2010-11. Such data is not available for years prior to
2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of the finance lease obligation is captured under non-current and current
liabilities, the total amount of finance lease obligation (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for

F IXED DEPOSITS 1995

Indicator : Fixed deposits
Field : fixed_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is a financial instrument, usually, not a tradable instrument, that is used by non-banking companies
to attract financial resources directly from retail savers. A fixed deposit is usually unsecured. It offers a fixed or
variable interest on the deposits for a fixed term.
Companies often provide a break-up of the fixed deposits by the source – as in from the general public or from
others. Wherever such break-up is available, Prowess captures these separately in different data fields. One more
class of deposits is captured separately. These are deposits taken by financial institutions. Financial institutions
are like banks but, are not allowed to raise deposits like banks do. Therefore, deposits raised by these is captured
separately.
One more class of deposits is captured separately. These are deposits taken by financial institutions. Financial
institutions are like banks but, are not allowed to raise deposits like banks do. Therefore, deposits raised by these
is captured separately.
This data field also captures deposits raised from the public by non-banking finance companies.
This data field is thus the sum of fixed deposits raised by the non-banking companies from the public or from others
and the deposits raised by financial institutions and non-banking finance companies.
The total amount of fixed deposits raised by a company is also captured separately under ‘non-current liabilities’ in
Prowess. ‘Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total liabilities’ in Prowess after the
Hence, the non-current portion of fixed deposits is captured under non-current liabilities as ‘long term fixed de-
posits’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ‘short term fixed deposits’. However, as
2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of fixed deposits are captured under non-current liabilities and current
liabilities, the total amount of fixed deposits(non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long

1996 F IXED DEPOSITS FROM PUBLIC

Indicator : Fixed deposits from public
Field : fixed_deposits_public
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Fixed deposits accepted by a company from the public is reported in this data field. This data field is a part of the
total fixed deposits raised by a company.
etc. It also does not include deposits received as guarantees from employees. It does not include deposits received
in the form of a security or an advance in the course of business or otherwise. It also excludes unsecured loans
(including fixed deposits) received from directors / promoters of the company. Fixed deposits from directors /
promoters / shareholders is captured separately.
The total amount of fixed deposits from public is also captured separately under ‘non-current liabilities’ in Prowess.
Hence, the non-current portion of fixed deposits raised from public is captured under non-current liabilities under
‘long term fixed deposits’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities under‘short term fixed de-
posits’. However, as companies have been presenting their financial statements in the new format only since April
2011, the time-series for non-current and current portion is available only since 2010-11. Such data is not available
for years prior to 2010-11.
liabilities, the total amount of fixed deposits from public (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for

F IXED DEPOSITS FROM PROMOTERS , DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS 1997

Indicator : Fixed deposits from promoters, directors and shareholders
Field : fixed_deposits_frm_promoters_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Fixed deposits received by the company from promoters, directors and shareholders is reported in this data field.
This field is a part of the total fixed deposits raised by a company.
Hence, the non-current portion of fixed deposits from promoters / directors / shareholders is captured under non-
current liabilities under ‘long term fixed deposits’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities under
‘short term fixed deposits’. However, as companies have been presenting their financial statements in the new
format only since April 2011, the time-series for non-current and current portion is available only since 2010-11.
Such data is not available for years prior to 2010-11.
liabilities, the total amount of fixed deposits(non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long

1998 F IXED DEPOSITS RAISED BY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND NBFC S

Indicator : Fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFCs
Field : fixed_deposits_raised_by_fin_inst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Financial institutions and NBFCs do not raise deposits like banks do. But, in the exceptional cases when they do,
the data is captured in this data field.
Hence, the non-current portion of fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NNFCs is captured under non-
current liabilities under ‘long term fixed deposits’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities under
‘short term fixed deposits’. However, as companies have been presenting their financial statements in the new
format only since April 2011, the time-series for non-current and current portion is available only since 2010-11.
Such data is not available for years prior to 2010-11.
liabilities, the total amount of fixed deposits raised by financial institutions and NBFC(non-current + current) is

C OMMERCIAL PAPERS 1999

Indicator : Commercial papers
Field : commercial_papers
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Commercial paper is a short-term, unsecured promissory note issued at a discount to face value by companies.
Commercial papers are issued with a minimum maturity period of 7 days and a maximum maturity of 1 year. Their
short duration nature gives them the characteristics of a current liability. However, this is an explicit borrowing by
the company and is therefore classified as a part of borrowing.
This data field captures the outstanding commercial paper issued by the company at the end of the accounting
period.
The outstanding amount of commercial papers is also captured separately under ‘current liabilities’ in Prowess. It
is captured as a part of short term borrowings in current liabilities.

2000 M AXIMUM COMMERCIAL PAPER OUTSTANDING DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Maximum commercial paper outstanding during the year
Field : max_commercial_paper_os
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies are required to mention the maximum amount of outstanding commercial paper during a year. They
usually provide such information in the notes to accounts. Such information is captured in this data field.
This data is also caputred under current liabilities under short term borrowings in prowess.

OTHER BORROWINGS 2001

Indicator : Other borrowings
Field : oth_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings that cannot be classified into any of the specific heads that from a part of ‘borrowings’ section in
Prowess are captured here. Hence, this is a residuary data field under borrowings in Prowess.
The secured and unsecured portion of other borrowings is captured separately. This data field is the sum of secured
and unsecured other borrowings by a company.
the source or nature of borrowings from “others” is not known, it is reported in this data field.
The total amount of other borrowings raised by a company is also captured separately under ‘non-current liabilities’
in Prowess. ‘Non-current liabilities’ has been added as a separate section under ’total liabilities’ in Prowess after the
Hence, the non-current portion of other borrowings is captured under non-current liabilities and the current portion
is captured under current liabilities. However, as companies have been presenting their financial statements in
the new format only since April 2011, the time-series for non-current and current portion is available only since
2010-11. Such data is not available for years prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of other borrowings are captured under non-current liabilities and current
liabilities, the total amount of other borrowings (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a
long time-series is available.

2002 OTHER SECURED BORROWINGS

Indicator : Other secured borrowings
Field : oth_sec_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings that cannot by classified into any of the specific heads that from a part of ‘borrowings’ section in
Prowess are captured as ‘other borrowings’. Hence, this is a residuary data field under borrowings in Prowess.
The secured and unsecured portion of other borrowings is captured separately. This data field reports secured other
borrowings by a company.
the source or nature of borrowings from “others” is not known and if it is a secured borrowing, it is captured in this
data field.
The total amount of other secured borrowings raised by a company is also captured separately under ‘non-current
Hence, the non-current portion of other secured borrowings is captured under non-current liabilities under ‘other
long term borrowings’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities under ‘other short term borrow-
ings’. However, as companies have been presenting their financial statements in the new format only since April
while the non-current and current portion of other secured borrowings are captured under non-current liabilities
and current liabilities, the total amount of other secured borrowings (non-current + current) is captured in this data

OTHER UNSECURED BORROWINGS 2003

Indicator : Other unsecured borrowings
Field : oth_unsec_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings that cannot by classified into any of the specific heads that from a part of ‘borrowings’ section in
Prowess are captured as ‘other borrowings’. Hence, this is a residuary data field under borrowings in Prowess.
The secured and unsecured portion of other borrowings is captured separately. This data field reports unsecured
other borrowings by a company.
the source or nature of borrowings from “others” is not known and if it is an unsecured borrowing, it is captured in
this data field.
The total amount of other unsecured borrowings raised by a company is also captured separately under ‘non-
Hence, the non-current portion of other unsecured borrowings is captured under non-current liabilities under ‘other
long term borrowings’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities under ‘other short term borrow-
ings’. However, as companies have been presenting their financial statements in the new format only since April
while the non-current and current portion of other unsecured borrowings are captured under non-current liabilities
and current liabilities, the total amount of other unsecured borrowings (non-current + current) is captured in this
data field, for which a long time-series is available.

2004 S UB - ORDINATED DEBT

Indicator : Sub-ordinated debt
Field : subordinated_debt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
“Subordinated debt” is applicable in the case of banks. It forms a part of Tier II and Tier III capital of a bank.
Subordinated debt (also called Mezzanine Finance) ranks before equity but after senior debt in terms of collateral
rights and rights to cash flow. Reserve Bank of India guidelines states that subordinated debt instruments should
be “plain vanilla” with no special features like options, etc.

B ORROWINGS FROM RBI 2005

Indicator : Borrowings from RBI
Field : bank_borr_frm_rbi
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Banks borrow money from other banking companies as well as RBI. Only the amount that a bank borrows from
the Reserve Bank of India is reported in this data field.

2006 BANK ’ S BORROWINGS FROM OTHERS

Indicator : Bank’s borrowings from others
Field : bank_borr_frm_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Schedule 3 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, banks are required to disclose their borrowings from RBI,
other banks and other institutions and agencies separately. A bank’s borrowings other than from RBI, reported
under this data field. These borrowings can be from domestic sources as well as foreign sources.

BANK ’ S BORROWINGS FROM OTHER DOMESTIC SOURCES 2007

Indicator : Bank’s borrowings from other domestic sources
Field : bank_borr_frm_oth_domestic_sources
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings by a bank from domestic sources other than borrowings from RBI, are reported in this data field. Such
borrowings include:
• Refinance obtained from other commercial banks
• Loans from cooperative banks
• Loans from financial institutions
• Refinance from EXIM bank
• Loans from NABARD
• Liability against participation certificates
• Money at call
• Banks borrowings other domestic banks

2008 BANK ’ S BORROWINGS FROM OTHER FOREIGN SOURCES

Indicator : Bank’s borrowings from other foreign sources
Field : bank_borr_frm_oth_frgn_sources
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Borrowings by a bank from foreign sources are reported in this data field. This includes all of the borrowings from
foreign banks and financial institutions.

S ECURED BORROWINGS ( FOR BANKS ) 2009

Indicator : Secured borrowings (for banks)
Field : sec_borr_of_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This information data field captures the amount of secured borrowings taken by a bank.

2010 L OAN TRANSFER ON HIVING OFF UNIT

Indicator : Loan transfer on hiving off unit
Field : loan_trf_on_hiving_unit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Accounting Standard (AS) 24 - Discontinuing Operations, requires companies to disclose information relating to
discontinuing operations (units hived off)in their financial statements. These disclosures inter alia include the car-
rying amounts, as of the balance sheet date, of total assets to be disposed off and the total liabilites to be settled,
the amounts of revenue and expenses attributable to the discontinuing operation,the amount of pre-tax profit or loss
from ordinary activities attributable to the discontinuing operation and the income tax expense related thereto, the
amounts of net cash flows attributable to the operating, investing, and financial activities of the discontinuing oper-
ation.Companies disclose these details in their annual report under notes to accounts. In prowess,this information
is captured under miscellaneous disclosures.
This data field captures loan amount tranferred on hiving off unit. This data field is the summation of secured and
unsecured portions of the loan which are captured separately if disclosed separately by the company.

L OAN TRANSFER ON HIVING OFF UNIT, SECURED 2011

Indicator : Loan transfer on hiving off unit, secured
Field : loan_trf_on_hiving_unit_sec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is the child field of Loan transfer on hiving off unit. It captures the secured portion of the loan
transferred. This information is captured only if it is separately disclosed by the company.

2012 L OAN TRANSFER ON HIVING OFF UNIT, UNSECURED

Indicator : Loan transfer on hiving off unit, unsecured
Field : loan_trf_on_hiving_unit_unsec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is the child field of Loan transfer on hiving off unit. It captures the unsecured portion of the loan
transferred. This information is captured only if it is separately disclosed by the company.

L OAN TRANSFER ON MERGER 2013

Indicator : Loan transfer on merger
Field : loan_trf_on_merger
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Accounting Standard (AS) 14- Accounting for Amalagamations, deals with merger. As per AS 14, in pooling of
interest (merger) method, while preparing the financial statements, the transferee company should record the assets,
liabilities and reserves of the transferor company at their existing carrying amounts and in the same form as at the
date of amalgamation. The balance of the Profit & Loss Account of the transferor company should be aggregated
with the corresponding balance of the transferee company or transferred to the General Reserve, if any. Companies
disclose these details in their annual report under notes to accounts. In prowess,this information is captured under
miscellaneous disclosures.
This data field captures loan amount transferred on merger. This data field is the summation of secured and unse-
cured portions of the loan transferred. This information is separately disclosed by companies and hence captured
in respective data fields which are the child fields of this data field.

2014 L OAN TRANSFER ON MERGER , SECURED

Indicator : Loan transfer on merger, secured
Field : loan_trf_on_merger_sec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is the child field of Loan transfer on merger. It captures the secured portion of the loan transferred
as disclosed by the companies.

L OAN TRANSFER ON MERGER , UNSECURED 2015

Indicator : Loan transfer on merger, unsecured
Field : loan_trf_on_merger_unsec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is the child field of Loan transfer on merger. It captures the unsecured portion of the loan transferred
as disclosed by the companies.

2016 C URRENT PORTION OF SECURED AND UNSECURED DEBT

Indicator : Current portion of secured and unsecured debt
Field : curr_portion_lt_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the portion of the borrowings that are due within a period of one year of the date of the
balance sheet. This addendum information data field captures the current portion of both secured and unsecured
debt.

C URRENT PORTION OF SECURED BORROWINGS 2017

Indicator : Current portion of secured borrowings
Field : curr_portion_sec_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The amount of secured borrowing which is due for repayment within 12 months from the date of Balance Sheet is
reported under this data field. It includes debenture redemptions.

2018 C URRENT PORTION OF UNSECURED BORROWINGS

Indicator : Current portion of unsecured borrowings
Field : curr_portion_unsec_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The amount of unsecured borrowing which is due for repayment within 12 months from the date of the balance
sheet is reported under this data field. It includes debenture redemptions.

L ONG TERM BORROWINGS GUARANTEED BY DIRECTORS 2019

Indicator : Long term borrowings guaranteed by directors
Field : lt_borr_gauranteed_by_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
director.
group

2020 L ONG TERM BORROWINGS GUARANTEED BY DIRECTORS
the value of those companies’ long term borrowings guaranteed by directors, which have been reported as a gross

D EFERRED TAX LIABILITY 2021

Indicator : Deferred tax liability
Field : deferred_tax_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The present data field refers to the outstanding deferred tax liability at the end of the current accounting period.
balance sheets will have either deferred tax liability or deferred tax asset. CMIE reports this item at gross amount
to the extent the details are available in the Annual Report.

2022 C URRENT LIABILITIES & PROVISIONS

Indicator : Current liabilities & provisions
Field : curr_liab_n_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provisions are amounts set aside from the current year’s profits to meet future uncertain liabilities or losses. A
liability may be known but the amount is uncertain. Thus, a provision is the amount of a liability that an entity
elects to recognise now, before it has precise information about the exact amount of the liability. For example, an
entity routinely records provisions for bad debts, taxes, employee benefits, loss on derivative contracts, etc.
This data field captures the total amount of current liabilities and provisions reported by a company as on the date


Field : current_liabilities
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is thus the sum of the following fields in Prowess
1. Short term borrowings
4. Deposits & advances from customers and employees
5. Interest accrued but not due
7. Other current liabilities

2024 T RADE PAYABLES

Indicator : Trade payables
Field : sundry_creditors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Trade payables are liabilities owed to suppliers, creditors, lendors or vendors for purchase of goods or services
received. This data field captures trade payables for goods and services and for capital works. Trade payables due
to group companies and subsidiary companies are also included in this data field.
At times, companies report share application money refundable as a part of trade payables. CMIE excludes such
entries from trade payables and reports them separately under ’Share application money pending refund’.
The total value of trade payables is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities. ’Non-current
liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under total liabilities in Prowess after the
Hence, the non-current portion of trade payables is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Long term trade and
capital payables’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Short term trade payable’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of trade payables is captured under non-current and current liabilities,
the total value of trade payables (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series
is available.

S UNDRY TRADE PAYABLES FOR GOODS AND SERVICES 2025

Indicator : Sundry trade payables for goods and services
Field : sundry_creditors_goods_serv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports trade payables for goods purchased and services received. Payables for goods purchased and
services received from group companies and subsidiary companies are also included here.
If the company reports sundry creditors without further classifying as to whether they are for goods and services or
for capital works, CMIE classifies them as sundry creditors for goods and services. Sometimes companies report
creditors for expenses. These are also reported in this data field.
The total value of sundry creditors for goods & services is also captured separately under non-current and current
assets. ’Non-current assets’ and ’Current assets’ have been added as separate sections under total assets in Prowess
after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required to present their financial
and liabilities into current and non-current portions.
Hence, the non-current portion of sundry creditors for goods & services is captured under non-current assets as
’Long term trade payables’ and the current portion is captured under current assets as ’Sundry trade payables for
goods and services (short term)’.
series for current and non-current assets is available only since 2010-11. Such data is not available for years prior
to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of sundry trade payables for goods and services is captured under non-
current and current assets, the total value of sundry trade payables for goods and services (non-current + current)

2026 S UNDRY TRADE PAYABLES FOR CAPITAL WORKS

Indicator : Sundry trade payables for capital works
Field : sundry_creditors_cap_works
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sundry creditors for capital works is the amount that a company owes to vendors for capital goods purchased by
it on credit. CMIE distinguishes sundry creditors for goods and services from those for capital works. In this data
field only sundry creditors for capital works is captured.
If the company reports sundry creditors without further classifying as to whether they are for goods and services or
for capital works, CMIE classifies them as sundry creditors for goods and services.
The total value of sundry creditors for capital works is also captured separately under non-current and current
Hence, the non-current portion of sundry creditors for capital works is captured under non-current assets as ’Long
term payables for capital works’ and the current portion is captured under current assets as ’Sundry trade payables
for capital works (short term)’.
to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of sundry creditors for capital works is captured under non-current and current
assets, the total value of sundry creditors for capital works (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for

T RADE PAYABLES FROM GROUP AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES 2027

Indicator : Trade payables from group and subsidiary companies
Field : sundry_creditors_gp_n_subsi_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sundry creditors is the amount that a company owes to vendors for products and services purchased by it on credit.
This data field captures the value of the sundry creditors that is due to the company’s subsidiary companies or group
companies. Such information is available in the disclosures under AS 18 regarding Related Party Transactions.

2028 ACCEPTANCES

Indicator : Acceptances
Field : acceptances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Acceptances or Bills Payable is reported in this data field.
A Bill of Exchange is an instrument containing an unconditional order directing an entity to pay a certain sum of
money to the bearer of the instrument.
The drawer of the bill is the entity that has sold the goods or rendered services and has therefore drawn a bill on the
purchaser of the goods, i.e on the drawee. Such Bills unless paid would be reported as Bills Payable or Acceptances
in the books of the drawee and as Bills Receivable in the books of drawer.
This data field captures the Bills Payable or Acceptances Outstanding in the financial statements of the company
– the drawer. In case of banks, Acceptances includes different types of instruments issued by the bank such as
demand drafts, telegraphic transfer, mail transfer, travelers cheque, bankers cheque, pay slips etc which are not
presented for payment as at the date of the balance sheet.
The total value of acceptances is also captured separately under non-current and current assets. ’Non-current assets’
and ’Current assets’ have been added as separate sections under total assets in Prowess after the introduction of
revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required to present their financial statements as per revised
Hence, the non-current portion of acceptances is captured under non-current assets as ’Long term acceptances’ and
the current portion is captured under current assets as ’Short term acceptances’.
to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of acceptances is captured under non-current and current assets, the total value
of acceptances (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

D EPOSITS & ADVANCES FROM CUSTOMERS AND EMPLOYEES 2029

Indicator : Deposits & advances from customers and employees
Field : deposits_adv_cust_employee
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
All kinds of deposits and advances accepted by the company are reported in this data field. This includes deposits
in the form of a security, a trade deposit or a dealer’s deposit. It also includes advances received from customers
for goods and services to be provided by the company and also deposits the company may take from its employees.
The total value of deposits & advances from customers and employees is also captured separately under non-current
and current assets. ’Non-current assets’ and ’Current assets’ have been added as separate sections under total assets
Hence, the non-current portion of deposits & advances from customers and employees is captured under non-
current assets as ’Long term deposits & advances from customers and employees’ and the current portion is cap-
tured under current assets as ’Short term deposits & advances from customers and employees’.
to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of deposits & advances from customers and employees is captured under
non-current and current assets, the total value deposits & advances from customers and employees (non-current +
current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

2030 S ECURITY, TRADE AND DEALER DEPOSITS

Indicator : Security, trade and dealer deposits
Field : security_trade_dealer_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures several kinds of deposits accepted by a company. These are described below.
Security deposit is the money accepted by the company as a security from its customers for the assets given to
them for use. These are usually accepted by companies providing basic services, for instance telephone companies
accept deposits from customers for providing telephone connections and telephone sets whereas gas companies
accept security deposits for LPG cylinders they provide to the customers.
Trade deposits are accepted by companies from their customers in accordance with the norms of the trade.
Dealers deposit is the amount of deposit accepted by the company from its dealers as an assurance on their part to
provide the due services to the company’s customers.
This data field also includes leased deposits (including advances against leased assets), margin money, earnest or
retention money.
The total value of security, trade and dealer deposits is also captured separately under non-current and current
Hence, the non-current portion of security, trade and dealer deposits is captured under non-current assets as ’Long
term deposits security, trade and dealer deposits’ and the current portion is captured under current assets as ’Short
term security, trade and dealer deposits’.
to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of security, trade and dealer deposits is captured under non-current and current
assets, the total value of security, trade and dealer deposits (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for

A DVANCES FROM CUSTOMERS ON CAPITAL ACCOUNT 2031

Indicator : Advances from customers on capital account
Field : adv_cust_capital_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Advances accepted by the company on account of sale of assets (other than current assets), such as plant and
machinery, land, building, investments etc or advances received in respect of some capital projects are advances
from customers on capital account. These are reported in this data field.
The total value of advances from customers on capital account is also captured separately under non-current and
current assets. ’Non-current assets’ and ’Current assets’ have been added as separate sections under total assets in
Hence, the non-current portion of advances from customers on capital account is captured under non-current assets
as ’Long term advances from customers on capital account’ and the current portion is captured under current assets
as ’Short term advances from customers on capital account’.
to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of advances from customers on capital account is captured under non-current
and current assets, the total value of advances from customers on capital account (non-current + current) is captured

2032 A DVANCES FROM CUSTOMERS ON REVENUE ACCOUNT

Indicator : Advances from customers on revenue account
Field : adv_cust_revenue_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Advances received from customers against the goods to be sold to them or services to be provided, are reported in
this data field. If the company does not specify whether the advances are on capital or revenue account then it is
assumed that they are on revenue account.
The total value of advances from customers on revenue account is also captured separately under non-current and
current assets. ’Non-current assets’ and ’Current assets’ have been added as separate sections under total assets in
Hence, the non-current portion of advances from customers on revenue account is captured under non-current assets
as ’Long term advances from customers on revenue account’ and the current portion is captured under current assets
as ’Short term advances from customers on revenue account’.
to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of advances from customers on revenue account is captured under non-
current and current assets, the total value of advances from customers on revenue account (non-current + current)

D EPOSITS FROM EMPLOYEES 2033

Indicator : Deposits from employees
Field : deposits_frm_employees
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Deposits accepted by the company from its employees is reported in this data field.
The total value of deposits from employees is also captured separately under non-current and current assets. ’Non-
current assets’ and ’Current assets’ have been added as separate sections under total assets in Prowess after the
Hence, the non-current portion of deposits from employees is captured under non-current assets as ’Long term
deposits from employees’ and the current portion is captured under current assets as ’Short term deposits from
employees’.
to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of deposits from employees is captured under non-current and current assets,
the total value of deposits from employees (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long

2034 I NTEREST ACCRUED BUT NOT DUE

Indicator : Interest accrued but not due
Field : int_accrued_but_not_due_borr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field captures interest accrued but not due in respect of the following -
• Borrowings
• Trade Payables
• Others
Interest accrued but not due on borrowings/payables comprises of that portion of interest that has accrued upto the
balance sheet date but is due for payment on some future date.
While interest accrued but not due on others, is residuary in nature and in respect of liabilities other than borrowings
and payables.
The amount of interest accrued but not due can be classified as either for long term or short term borrow-
ings/payables/others. This field captures the total amount of interest accrued but not due for both long as well
as short term.
There are instances where companies have reported interest accrued under current liabilities without stating whether
it is due or not. In such cases, CMIE reports this under interest accrued but not due. This is because as per the
Companies Act, companies are required to report interest accrued and not due under current liabilities. As such it
is assumed that the company is following the Companies Act and discloses only the amount of interest accrued and
not due as current liabilities.

I NTEREST ACCRUED BUT NOT DUE ON BORROWINGS 2035

Indicator : Interest accrued but not due on borrowings
Field : int_accr_but_not_due
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Interest on borrowings that has accrued upto the balance sheet date but the due date of payment is some future date
then these interest accruals are termed as interest accrued but not due. And, this is reported in this data field.
There are instances where companies have reported interest accrued under current liabilities without stating whether
it is due or not. In such cases, CMIE reports this under interest accrued but not due. This is because as per the
Companies Act, companies are required to report interest accrued and not due under current liabilities. As such it
is assumed that the company is following the Companies Act and discloses only the amount of interest accrued and
not due as current liabilities.

2036 I NTEREST ACCRUED AND NOT DUE ON SECURED BORROWINGS

Indicator : Interest accrued and not due on secured borrowings
Field : int_accr_but_not_due_sec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Interest on secured borrowings that has accrued upto the balance sheet date but the due date of payment is some
future date is reported in this data field.

I NTEREST ACCRUED AND NOT DUE ON UNSECURED BORROWINGS 2037

Indicator : Interest accrued and not due on unsecured borrowings
Field : int_accr_but_not_due_unsec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Interest on unsecured borrowings that has accrued upto the balance sheet date but the due date of payment is some
future date is reported in this data field.

2038 I NTEREST ACCRUED ON TRADE PAYABLES

Indicator : Interest accrued on trade payables
Field : int_accrued_on_trade_payables
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of interest accrued on Trade payables.

I NTEREST ACCRUED ON OTHERS 2039

Indicator : Interest accrued on others
Field : int_accrued_on_others
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
In some cases companies do not provide the nature of other loans/liabilities.The interest accrued on such
loans/liabilities are captured in this data field.

2040 S HARE APPLICATION MONEY AND ADVANCES - OVERSUBSCRIBED AND REFUNDABLE AMOUNT

Indicator : Share application money and advances - oversubscribed and refundable amount
Field : share_appl_oversub
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Oversubscribed equity share and preference share application money outstanding at the end of the year and that is
to be refunded to the applicants forms a part of the current liabilities of a company and is reported in this data field.

S HARE APPLICATION MONEY AND ADVANCES – EQUITY – 2041
OVERSUBSCRIBED AND REFUNDABLE AMOUNT

Indicator : Share application money and advances – equity – oversubscribed and refundable
amount
Field : share_appl_equity_oversub
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Oversubscribed equity share application money outstanding at the end of the year and that is to be refunded to
the applicants is included under current liabilties of a company and such amount is captured in this data field.
If a portion of the oversubscribed amount is not refunded because claims were not made, then in such cases the
disclosure is generally made as ’Unclaimed public issue refund orders’. Such amounts are also reported in this data
field.
The amount refundable only to equity shareholders is captured in this data field. The amount refundable to prefer-
ence shareholders is captured separately.

2042 S HARE APPLICATION MONEY REFUNDABLE – PREFERENCE SHARES

Indicator : Share application money refundable – preference shares
Field : share_appl_pref_oversub
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Oversubscribed preference share application money outstanding at the end of the year and that is to be refunded to
the applicants is reported in this data field.

OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES 2043

Indicator : Other current liabilities
Field : oth_curr_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Current liabilities are defined as a company’s debts or obligations that are due within one year. They are classified
into various categories. Other current liabilities would include all of a company’s current liabilities other than:-
1. Short term borrowings - borrowings from banks and other financial institutions, from governments, borrow-
ings syndicated across banks & institutions, debentures & bonds, foreign currency borrowings, borrowings
from promoters, directors & shareholders, inter-corporate loans, deferred credit, interest accrued & due on
borrowings, fixed deposits and commercial papers
4. Deposits and advances
5. Interest accrued but not due (short term); and
Other current liabilities mainly include unclaimed dividends, unclaimed public deposits, unclaimed redeemable
preference share and unclaimed redeemable debentures. In the case of banks, it also includes inter-office liability
adjustments. Dues to employees like salaries outstanding also form part of this head. Overall, it captures all other
current liabilities that can not be captured in any other explicit data field.

2044 I NTER - OFFICE ADJUSTMENTS ( LIABILITIES )

Indicator : Inter-office adjustments (liabilities)
Field : inter_office_adj_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inter-office adjustments is a term mainly relevant to banks. This data field reflects the outstanding liabilities arising
from inter-office adjustments.
A bank might receive periodical statements from its branches with respect to inter-branch transactions. There is
a possibility of some entries remaining unadjusted in the head office of the bank at the close of the financial year.
Such entries are recorded in the bank’s balance sheet under the sub-heading ’Branch Adjustments’. If such branch
adjustments have a debit balance, then they are reported under the assets side. Accordingly, they are reported on the
liabilities side if there is a credit balance. This data field captures such a credit balance with respect to inter-branch
adjustments.
There are a number of transactions between different branches of a bank, or between different branch offices of non
banking companies. These might involve a wide array of financial instruments, such as bills of exchange, demand
drafts, telegraphic transfers, travellers cheques, cash remittances, currency-chest transactions, merchant banking
activities, FCNR transactions, foreign drafts, etc.

U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID DIVIDEND PAYABLE 2045

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid dividend payable
Field : unclaimed_div_payable
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of all unclaimed and unpaid dividend payable by a company. This
is the amount of dividend declared by the company but not yet paid to the shareholders mostly because it was not
claimed by the shareholders. Since it is expected to be paid off immediately, it features under current liabilities.
shareholder(s) entitled to the payment thereof within a period of 30 days from the date on which such a dividend
was declared, then the company shall, within seven days from the expiry of the said 30 days, transfer the total
amount of dividend which remains unpaid to a special account called ’Unpaid Dividend Account’.
The unpaid dividend account is to be opened by the company with any scheduled bank. Section 205C of the
Companies Act, 1956, mandated that any dividend amount lying unclaimed in this account for a period of seven
years eventually gets transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF). Subsequently, no claims are
entertained against the company or the IEPF for any money transferred to the fund in accordance with the relevant
provisions.

2046 U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID PUBLIC DEPOSITS

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid public deposits
Field : unclaimed_public_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of all of a company’s deposits which have matured, but have not yet
been claimed by the holders thereof. In ordinary parlance, the term "unclaimed deposits" would relate to deposits
accepted by banks. However, this data field covers unclaimed and unpaid deposits which have been accepted by all
kinds of companies. A significant portion of such deposits pertains to deposits raised from the public.
CMIE as a current liability, even if certain companies report them under unsecured borrowings. If, however, such
deposits remain unclaimed for a period of seven years, they get transferred to an account named the "Investor
Education and Protection Fund (IEPF) as mandated by section 205 of the Companies Act, 1956. Subsequently, no
claims are entertained against the company or the IEPF for any money transferred to the fund in accordance with
the relevant provisions.

U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID PORTION OF REDEEMED PREFERENCE SHARES 2047

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed preference shares
Field : unclaimed_redeemed_pref_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per section 100 of the Companies Act, 1956, it is mandatory for companies who have raised money through the
issue of redeemable preference shares to return the amount due on the maturity thereof, whether or not the company
needs to be liquidated. Therefore, the entire sum raised in such a manner becomes due to investors on the maturity
date. However, some investors might not be able to be traced. As a result, such unclaimed and unpaid portion of
redeemed preference shares is recorded in the company’s books as a current liability.
This data field captures the outstanding value of redeemable preference share capital that has become due to in-
vestors for repayment, but have not yet been claimed for various reasons.

2048 U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID PORTION OF REDEEMED DEBENTURES

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed debentures
Field : unclaimed_redeemed_deb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Debentures are a class of debt instruments issued by a company. They can be issued either at par, at a premium, or
at a discount to their face value. Companies pay a specified rate of interest at fixed intervals to debenture holders.
By virtue of being creditors to a company, debenture holders are senior to preference shareholders and equity
shareholders in terms of claims. There are various kinds of debentures. Redeemable debentures are those which
are to be paid back within a specified period.
There is a possibility of certain debenture holders not coming forward to claim the proceeds of redeemed deben-
tures. Also, certain claims might not be entertained, for reasons such as non-surrender of duly discharged debenture
certificates by a person claiming to be a debenture-holder. Such an unclaimed and unpaid redeemable debentures
are to be recorded under the head "Unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed debentures", albeit for a maximum
period of seven years. This data field captures such an outstanding value of redeemed debentures that have become
due to investors for repayment, but have not yet been claimed for various reasons. Since they are to be paid as soon
as a claim is made, they feature under current liabilities.
Section 205C of the Companies Act, 1956, has mandated the creation of an Investor Education and Protection
Fund (IEPF) which should be used to credit proceeds of such redeemed debentures and interest thereon, which
have remained unclaimed and unpaid for a period of seven years from the date they became due for payment. Once
a certain amount is transferred to the IEPF, no claim thereon shall be entertained. The fund is to be used for the
promotion of investors’ awareness and protection of investors’ interest in accordance with the rules prescribed from
time to time.

I NTEREST ON UNCLAIMED AND UNPAID DUES 2049

Indicator : Interest on unclaimed and unpaid dues
Field : int_on_unclaimed_unpaid_dues
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Where a company discloses a combined figure of interest, if any, on unclaimed and unpaid dues i.e. without
specifying the amount on unpaid or unclaimed dividend, or on unclaimed and unpaid deposits or on unclaimed and
unpaid portion of redeemed preference shares or on unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed debentures, the
same is reported in this data field. Where the specific break up is provided then the amount of interest is included
along with the unpaid or unclaimed amount under the respective heads.

2050 S TATUTORY REMITTANCES PAYABLE

Indicator : Statutory remittances payable
Field : statutory_remittances_payable
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The revised schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, requires companies to disclose the value of its liabilities
pertaining to "statutory remittances" in its notes to accounts. These statutory remittances are required to be re-
ported under "other current liabilities". Statutory remittances would essentially include a company’s dues towards
contribution to Provident Fund and the Employees’ State Insurance Corporation, withholding taxes, excise duty,
value added tax, service tax, etc.
This data field captures all of a company’s outstanding dues towards statutory remittances. Most companies report
such an amount simply as "statutory liabilities".

OTHER MISCELLANEOUS CURRENT LIABILITIES ( INCL LEASE TERMINAL ADJ ) 2051

Indicator : Other miscellaneous current liabilities(incl lease terminal adj)
Field : oth_misc_curr_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is a residual data field that captures all those current liabilities that could not be captured by explicit data fields.

2052 P ROVISIONS OUTSTANDING

Indicator : Provisions outstanding
Field : provisions
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provisions are made by the company for all kinds of liabilities of which the precise amount cannot be determined.
These are captured in this data field. It is the sum of the following data fields: corporate and other tax provisions,
provisions for bad debts or advances, provisions for dividends and dividend taxes and provisions for employee
benefits and all other unclassified provisions. Each of these are captured individually separately.
The total value of provisions is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities. ’Non-current
liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under total liabilities in Prowess after the
Hence, the non-current portion of provisions is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Long term provisions’ and
the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Provisions outstanding (short term)’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of provisions is captured under non-current and current liabilities, the total
value of provisions (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

C ORPORATE TAX PROVISION 2053

Indicator : Corporate tax provision
Field : corporate_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the provision the company makes for payment of direct tax. These provisions are made on
the basis of their taxable profits and not their book profits.
This data field records the gross provision for tax. If a company reports tax provision net of advance taxes paid
then CMIE adds back the advance tax and reports these separately under loans and advances.
The total value of corporate tax provision is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities. ’Non-
current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under total liabilities in Prowess
Hence, the non-current portion of corporate tax provision is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Corporate
tax provision (long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Corporate tax provision
(short term)’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of corporate tax provision is captured under non-current and current liabilities,
the total value of corporate tax provision (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long

2054 OTHER DIRECT & INDIRECT TAX PROVISIONS

Indicator : Other direct & indirect tax provisions
Field : oth_direct_indirect_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field includes provisions made for all kinds of taxes, except for corporate tax.
The total value of other tax provisions is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities. ’Non-
Hence, the non-current portion of other tax provisions is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Other direct &
indirect tax provisions (long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Other short term
direct & indirect tax provisions’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of other tax provisions is captured under non-current and current liabilities, the
total value of other tax provisions (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series
is available.

W EALTH TAX PROVISION 2055

Indicator : Wealth tax provision
Field : wealth_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provision for wealth tax as made by the company is reported in this data field.
The total value of wealth tax provision is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities. ’Non-
Hence, the non-current portion of wealth tax provision is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Wealth tax
provision (long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Wealth tax provision (short
term)’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of wealth tax provision is captured under non-current and current liabilities, the
total value of wealth tax provision (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series
is available.

2056 AGRICULTURAL TAX PROVISION

Indicator : Agricultural tax provision
Field : agri_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Agricultural tax is the tax levied by the Income Tax authorities on the agricultural income of the company. The
balance of agricultural tax provision, standing in the balance sheet of the company as of the balance sheet date is
The total value of agricultural tax provision is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities.
Hence, the non-current portion of provisions is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Agricultural tax provision
(long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Agricultural tax provision (short term)’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of agricultural tax provision is captured under non-current and current
liabilities, the total value of agricultural tax provisions (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for

P ROVISION FOR INDIRECT TAXES 2057

Indicator : Provision for indirect taxes
Field : indirect_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provision for indirect taxes such as excise duty, sales tax, service tax etc, is reported under this data field.
The total value of provisions for indirect taxes is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities.
Hence, the non-current portion of provisions for indirect taxes is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Provision
for indirect taxes (long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Short term provision
for indirect taxes’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of provision for indirect taxes is captured under non-current and current
liabilities, the total value of provision for indirect taxes (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for

2058 OTHER DIRECT TAX PROVISION

Indicator : Other direct tax provision
Field : oth_direct_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any provision made by the company for direct taxes other than corporate tax, wealth tax and agricultural income
tax are reported in this data field. Provision made for fringe benefit tax is reported here.
The total value of other direct tax provision is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities.
Hence, the non-current portion of other direct tax provision is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Other direct
tax provision (long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Other short term direct
tax provision’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of other direct tax provision is captured under non-current and current
liabilities, the total value of other direct tax provision (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which
a long time-series is available.

P ROVISION FOR BAD AND DOUBTFUL ADVANCES , DEBTS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 2059

Indicator : Provision for bad and doubtful advances, debts and other receivables
Field : prov_bad_adv_debts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
These are the provisions made by a company for advances, debts and debtors that are considered to be unrecov-
erable. This includes such provisions made by banks,and NBFCs, provisions for bad loans given by non-finance
companies and provisions for bad sundry debtors.
Where the individual provisions made against advances debts and debtors or specific loans are disclosed, they are
deducted from the respective asset head and not separately disclosed. But where a combined amount of provision
is disclosed without providing a break up and hence it is not possible to deduct the amount from respective asset
heads, CMIE discloses the amount of provision separately in this data field.
The total value of provision for bad and doubtful advances and debts is also captured separately under non-current
and current liabilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under
Hence, the non-current portion of provision for bad and doubtful advances and debts is captured under non-current
liabilities as ’Provision for long term trade receivables, long term advances & npas’ and the current portion is
captured under current liabilities as ’Short term provision for bad and doubtful advances and debts’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of provision for bad and doubtful advances and debts is captured under
non-current and current liabilities, the total value of provision for bad and doubtful advances and debts (non-current
+ current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

2060 P ROVISION FOR DOUBTFUL TRADE RECEIVABLES OUTSTANDING FOR OVER SIX MONTHS

Indicator : Provision for doubtful trade receivables outstanding for over six months
Field : prov_doubtful_debtors_more_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
company. Doubtful accounts, or bad debt, are amounts that a firm believes it may be unable to recover based on
a customer’s payment history or delay in paying for goods or services. The company then makes allowances for
doubtful debts in the form of provisions.
This data field captures the amount of provisions made by the company for payments which it considers doubtful
from debtors outstanding for a period of more than six months, whether secured or not.
The total value of provision for doubtful receivables outstanding for over six months is also captured separately
under the non-current and current liabilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as
separate sections under total liabilities in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011,
companies are required to present their financial statements as per revised schedule VI. As per the new schedule,
companies are required to segregate their assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions. Current portion
of an asset /liability refers to any asset/liability which is expected to be recovered/settled within 12 months from
the balance sheet date. Non-current portion is expected to be recovered/settled after 12 months from the balance
sheet date.
Hence, the provision for doubtful receivables which the company considers doubtful from debtors outstanding for
a period of more than a year (non-current) is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Provision for long term
trade receivables’ and the provision for doubtful receivables which the company considers outstanding for a period
of more than six months but not beyond a year is captured under current liabilities as ’Short term provision for
doubtful trade receivables outstanding for over six months’. Provisions for doubtful receivables outstanding for
less than six months is also captured under current liabilities as ’Short term provision for doubtful trade receivables
outstanding for less than six months’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of provision for doubtful receivables outstanding for over six months is
captured under non-current and current liabilities, the total value of provision for doubtful receivables outstanding
for over six months (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

P ROVISION FOR DOUBTFUL TRADE RECEIVABLES OUTSTANDING FOR LESS THAN SIX MONTHS 2061

Indicator : Provision for doubtful trade receivables outstanding for less than six months
Field : prov_doubtful_debtors_less_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
company. Doubtful accounts, or bad debt, are amounts that a firm believes it may be unable to recover based on
a customer’s payment history or delay in paying for goods or services. The company then makes allowances for
doubtful debts in the form of provisions.
This data field captures the amount of provisions made by the company for payments which it considers doubtful
from debtors outstanding for a period of six months or less, whether secured or not.

2062 P ROVISION FOR ADVANCES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES INCLDG . NPA S

Indicator : Provision for advances and other receivables incldg. NPAs
Field : prov_advances_npas
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provision, generally, is to prepare in advance for an event that is projected to take place in the future. In accounting,
it is an amount charged against profits for a specific liability arising from past events, the settlement of which is
expected to result in an outflow of funds.
By making provisions companies set aside an amount to provide for a known liability. The liability should be a
present obligation, which has arisen as a result of a past event and where payment is probable (more likely than
not) and the amount can be estimated reliably.
As per the circular issued by RBI the primary responsibility for making adequate provisions for any diminution in
the value of loan assets, investment or other assets is that of the bank managements and the statutory auditors.The
amount of provision is to be reported in the Balance Sheet.
This data field captures amount of provision for advances & NPAs.An asset in banks books is considered as NPA
if no income is received from the asset for more than 90 days by the bank.

D IVIDEND PROVISIONS 2063

Indicator : Dividend provisions
Field : total_div_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend can be defined as that portion of a company’s earnings that are distributed to shareholders. It is that
portion of a corporate’s profits that have been set aside and declared by the company, and which are to be shared
of shareholders. Dividend is paid on equity shares and preference shares. It can also be classified on the basis of
the day on which its distribution is announced, into interim and final dividend.
This data field captures the sum of the outstanding amounts of its interim dividend and the amount proposed as
final dividend.
Interim dividend is the dividend declared by the BoD between the two Annual General Meetings (AGM). The BoD
sometimes declares interim dividend before the completion of the financial year, on the basis of the company’s
estimated profits for the year. Such dividend is generally distributed before the completion of the financial year.
However, in some cases, it might not be distributed before the balance sheet date. Such interim dividend declared
during the year but which has not been disbursed before the end of the accounting year is captured in this field.
Amounts proposed by the BoD towards payment of final dividend is also captured in this data field. Final dividend
is always declared on the date of the AGM, and therefore is bound to be paid in the subsequent year. Hence, a
major part of a company’s dividend provisions is likely to be composed of final dividend.
This data field is broadly divided into two categories, namely "Provision for interim dividend" and "Provision for
final dividend".

2064 P ROVISION FOR INTERIM DIVIDEND

Indicator : Provision for interim dividend
Field : interim_div_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend is that portion of a company’s earnings that is distributed to shareholders. A company cannot declare
dividend unless it has accumulated profits or if it has failed to redeem its preference shares as per the provisions of
section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956. Dividend is declared as per the recommendation of a company’s Board of
Directors (BoD) and with the approval of shareholders.
Dividend is paid on both, equity as well as preference shares. Dividend can also be classified on the basis of the
day on which it is announced, into interim and final dividend. Interim dividend is the dividend declared by the
board of directors between the two Annual General Meetings (AGMs).
lapses. However, in some cases, the same might not be paid out till the balance sheet date. Such interim dividend
which has been declared but is yet to be paid till the end of the accounting year is provided for in the company’s
balance sheet. This data field captures the value of such a provision for interim dividend.
As per the Companies Ammendment Bill, 2003, interim dividend once declared cannot be revoked or modified.

P ROVISION FOR INTERIM EQUITY DIVIDEND 2065

Indicator : Provision for interim equity dividend
Field : interim_equity_dividend_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend can be defined as that portion of a company’s profits that have been set aside and declared by the company,
and which is to be shared by each individual member of a company. A company cannot declare dividend unless it
has accumulated profits or if it has failed to redeem its preference shares as per the provisions of section 80 of the
Companies Act, 1956. Dividend is declared as per the recommendation of a company’s Board of Directors (BoD)
and with the approval of shareholders.
dividend) and also on the basis of the day on which it is announced (interim and final dividend). Interim dividend
is defined as the dividend declared by a company’s BoD between two Annual General Meetings (AGMs).
lapses. However, in some cases, the same might not be paid out till the balance sheet date. Companies are required
to make a provision for such interim dividend which has been declared but is yet to be paid. As per the Companies
Ammendment Bill, 2003, interim dividend once declared cannot be revoked or modified.
equity shares.

2066 P ROVISION FOR INTERIM PREFERENCE DIVIDEND

Indicator : Provision for interim preference dividend
Field : interim_pref_dividend_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend means that portion of the corporate profit set aside and declared by the company which will be shared
of shareholders.
Dividend can be classified on the basis of the category of share capital it is being paid on (equity and preference
dividend) and also on the basis of the date of its announcement (interim and final dividend). Interim dividend
is defined as the dividend declared by a company’s BoD between two Annual General Meetings (AGMs), after
considering the company’s estimated earnings for the current year.
Since interim dividend is declared during the course of a financial year, it is usually paid out before the year lapses.
However, in cases where the same might not be paid out till the balance sheet date, companies are required to make
a provision for the impending payment thereof. As per the Companies Ammendment Bill, 2003, interim dividend
once declared cannot be revoked or modified.
Consequently, the provision for interim dividend can also be bifurcated likewise.
preference shares. Preference shares carry a preferential right in terms of distribution of dividend, in accordance
with the terms of issue and the company’s Articles of Association. However, this right is subject to the availability
of distributable profits.

P ROVISION FOR FINAL DIVIDEND 2067

Indicator : Provision for final dividend
Field : div_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend is defined as that part of the profits of a company which is distributed amongst its shareholders. The
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) defines dividend as "a distribution to shareholders out of profits
or reserves available for this purpose."
Dividend is always declared by way of a recommendation by a company’s board of directors (BoD), and subject
to approval by shareholders. However, a company cannot declare dividend unless it has made profits in that par-
ticular year, or unless it has redeemed its preference shares under section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956. A valid
declaration of dividend can be made either at the company’s annual general meeting (AGM) or during the course
of the year. In case a company declares a dividend, but does not disburse the same before the year lapses, then it is
Therefore, it is also known as proposed dividend. A provision needs to be created in the year of declaration of a
final dividend for the payment thereof. Such a provision created for the payment of final dividend is captured in
this data field.
This data field has two sub-categories based on the type of share capital the final dividend pertains to. Accordingly,
the child indicators are "provision for equity dividend" and "provision for preference dividend".

2068 P ROVISION FOR EQUITY DIVIDEND

Indicator : Provision for equity dividend
Field : equity_dividend_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for this purpose."
year, or unless it has redeemed its preference shares under section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956. A valid dec-
laration of dividend can be made either at the company’s annual general meeting (AGM) or during the course of
the year. In case a company declares a dividend, but does not disburse the same before the year lapses, then it is
This data field captures provisions for final dividend specifically pertaining to equity shares.

P ROVISION FOR PREFERENCE DIVIDEND 2069

Indicator : Provision for preference dividend
Field : pref_dividend_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for this purpose."
year, or unless it has redeemed its preference shares under section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956. A valid decla-
ration of dividend can be made either at the company’s annual general meeting (AGM) or during the course of the
year.
In case a company declares a dividend, but does not disburse the same before the year lapses, then it is supposed to
make a provision for the same in its books of accounts.
This data field captures provisions for final dividend specifically pertaining to preference shares.

2070 D IVIDEND TAX PROVISION

Indicator : Dividend tax provision
Field : div_tax_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Dividend tax is defined as a type of income tax levied on any amount declared, distributed or paid by a company as
dividend (whether interim or otherwise) to its shareholders. In financial and legal parlance, it is known as ’dividend
distribution tax’ (DDT). Currently, it is levied at the rate of 15%. Such distributed dividend is exempt in the hands
of the recipients.
This data field captures the value of provisions made by a company for its tax payable on dividend proposed to be
paid or already paid out.
The Finance Act 1997 introduced the DDT for the first time in India. While it was under implementation, dividend
was not taxable in the hands of shareholders. DDT was rolled back in the Union Budget 2002-03, only to be
re-introduced in 2003-04. DDT was introduced since it was easier to tax companies rather than track millions of
investors. Besides, it promised to save on tax administration costs.

P ROVISION FOR EMPLOYEE BENEFITS 2071

Indicator : Provision for employee benefits
Field : employees_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provisions made by the company towards payment of gratuity to the employees or towards voluntary retirement
schemes or towards any other issues related to compensation of employees are reported in this data field.
The total value of provision for employees is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities.
Hence, the non-current portion of provision for employees is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Provision for
employee benefits (long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Short term provision
for employee benefits’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of provision for employee benefits is captured under non-current and current
liabilities, the total value of provision for employee benefits (non-current + current) is captured in this data field,

2072 P ROVISION FOR GRATUITY

Indicator : Provision for gratuity
Field : gratuity_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provisions made by the company towards payment of gratuity to the employees are reported in this data field.
The total value of provision for gratuity is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities. ’Non-
Hence, the non-current portion of provision for gratuity is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Provision
for gratuity (long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Short term provision for
gratuity’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of provision for gratuity is captured under non-current and current liabilities,
the total value of provision for gratuity (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long

P ROVISION FOR VRS 2073

Indicator : Provision for VRS
Field : vrs_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provisions made by the company for payment of Voluntary Retirement Scheme benefits to its employees is reported
in this data field.
The total value of provision for VRS is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities. ’Non-
Hence, the non-current portion of provision for VRS is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Provision for VRS
(long term)’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Short term provision for VRS’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of provision for VRS is captured under non-current and current liabilities, the
total value of provision for VRS (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series
is available.

2074 P ROVISION FOR OTHER EMPLOYEE RELATED ISSUES

Indicator : Provision for other employee related issues
Field : oth_employee_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provisions made by the company towards payments to be made to employees, other than gratuity and VRS, such
as provision for bonus, etc. are reported in this data field.
If the company reports only ’Provision for employees’ without giving the detailed breakup of provision for gratuity,
VRS or other purposes, then in such cases, the full amount is posted in this data field.
The total value of provision for other employee related issues is also captured separately under non-current and
Hence, the non-current portion of provision for other employee related issues is captured under non-current liabil-
ities as ’Long term provision for other employee related issues’ and the current portion is captured under current
liabilities as ’Provision for other employee related issues (short term)’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of provision for other employee related issues is captured under non-current and
current liabilities, the total value of provision for other employee related issues (non-current + current) is captured

OTHER PROVISIONS 2075

Indicator : Other provisions
Field : oth_prov
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provisions which cannot be classified as those for taxes, dividends, bad debts, or those for employees are reported
in this data field.
The total value of other provisions is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities. ’Non-
Hence, the non-current portion of other provision for employees is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Other
long term provisions’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Other short term provisions’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of other provisions is captured under non-current and current liabilities,
the total value of other provisions (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series
is available.

2076 P ROVISION FOR PAYMENT PAYABLE ON REDEMPTION OF BONDS

Indicator : Provision for payment payable on redemption of bonds
Field : prov_paym_payable_bonds_redemp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When bonds issued by a company become due for redemption, it has to create a provision for premium payable on
redemption of bonds. This provision is captured in this data field.
The total value of provision for payment payable on redemption of bonds is also captured separately under non-
current and current liabilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections
under total liabilities in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are
required to segregate their assets and liabilities into current and non-current portions.
Hence, the non-current portion of provision for payment payable on redemption of bonds is captured under non-
current liabilities as ’Long term provision for payment payable on redemption of bonds’ and the current portion is
captured under current liabilities as ’Short term provision for payment payable on redemption of bonds’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of provision for payment payable on redemption of bonds is captured
under non-current and current liabilities, the total value of provision for payment payable on redemption of bonds
(non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

P ROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOSS ON DERIVATIVES 2077

Indicator : Provision for estimated loss on derivatives
Field : prov_estimated_loss_derivatives
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Provision created by a company for estimated loss on derivative transactions on mark-to-market basis as on the
date of balance sheet are captured in this data field.
The total value of provision for estimated loss on derivatives is also captured separately under non-current and
Hence, the non-current portion of provision for estimated loss on derivatives is captured under non-current liabilities
as ’Long term provision for estimated loss on derivatives’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities
as ’Short term provision for estimated loss on derivatives’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of provision for estimated loss on derivatives is captured under non-current and
current liabilities, the total value of provision for estimated loss on derivatives (non-current + current) is captured

2078 P ROVISION FOR WARRANTY

Indicator : Provision for warranty
Field : prov_warranty
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When companies provide warranty for products they sell, they make provision for warranty costs, which may
arise. The estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of
warranty claims and management estimates regarding possible future incidence based on corrective actions on
product failures.
The outstanding amount of provision for warranty as on the date of the balance sheet is captured in this data field.
The total value of provision for warranty is also captured separately under non-current and current liabilities.
’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under total assets in Prowess
Hence, the non-current portion of provision for warranty is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Long term
provision for warranty’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as ’Short term provisions for
warranty’.
prior to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of provision for warranty is captured under non-current and current liabilities,
the total value of provision for warranty (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for which a long

P ROVISION FOR ESTIMATED LOSS ON ONEROUS CONTRACTS 2079

Indicator : Provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts
Field : prov_estimated_contracts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An onerous contract is a contract in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract
exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it. Provision made by a company for estimated loss on
such onerous contracts are recorded in this data field.
The total value of provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts is also captured separately under non-current
and current liabilities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under
total assets in Prowess after the introduction of revised schedule VI. Since April 2011, companies are required to
Hence, the non-current portion of provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts is captured under non-current
liabilities as ’Long term provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts’ and the current portion is captured under
current liabilities as ’Short term provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts’.
prior to 2010-11.
while the non-current and current portion of provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts is captured under
non-current and current liabilities, the total value of provision for estimated loss on onerous contracts (non-current
+ current) is captured in this data field, for which a long time-series is available.

2080 I NVESTOR EDUCATION AND PROTECTION FUND

Indicator : Investor education and protection fund
Field : invest_edu_protection_fund
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The total amount transferred by a company to Investor Education and Protection fund is reported in this data field.
Investor Education and Protection Fund is set up under section 205C of the companies act, 1956 by way of the
Companies (Amendment) Act, 1999. Certain amounts belonging to investors or shareholders of the company that
remain unpaid or unclaimed for a period of seven years from the day they become due for payment are credited to
this fund.
The following amounts are credited to this fund: unclaimed and unpaid dividend, unclaimed and unpaid fixed
deposits, unclaimed and unpaid debentures, application monies received by companies for allotment of securities
and due for refund and interest accrued on any of the above. Grants and donations by the Central Government,
State Government, companies or any other institutions, the interest or other income received out of investment
made from the fund are also credited here.

U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID DIVIDEND 2081

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid dividend
Field : unclaimed_div
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unclaimed / unpaid dividends transferred by the company to the Investor Education and Protection Fund is reported
in this data field.
As per section 205 A of the Companies Act, 1956, any dividend declared by a company which remains unpaid or
unclaimed for a period of 30 days from the date of declaration shall be transfered within seven days after the expiry
of the 30 days to an account called “unpaid dividend account”.
Further as per section 205 C (1) of the Companies Act, 1956, any money transferred to the unpaid dividend account
of a company in pursuance of section 205 A, which remains unpaid or unclaimed for a period of seven years from
the date of such transfer shall be transferred by the company to “Investor Education & Protection Fund” established
by the Central Government.

2082 U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID FIXED DEPOSITS

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid fixed deposits
Field : unclaimed_fixed_deposit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unclaimed fixed deposits transfered to Investor Education and Protection Fund is reported in this data field.
As per section 205C of the Companies Act, 1956 fixed deposits which have remained unclaimed and unpaid for a
period of seven years from the date they became due for payment shall be credited to the investor education and
protection fund.

U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID DEBENTURES 2083

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid debentures
Field : unclaimed_deb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unclaimed / unpaid amount of redeemed debentures transferred by the company to the “Investor Education and
Protection Fund” is reported in this data field.
On maturity of debentures, the debenture holders are paid back the assured sum. However, there are instances
where the debenture holders have not claimed there dues. Such unclaimed amount of redemption dues is transfered
by the company to a separate account and is reported by the companies under current liabilities. If this amount
remains unclaimed / unpaid for seven years from the date of transfer to the said account, it is credited to the
“Investor Education and Protection Fund”. The unclaimed portion of redeemed debentures includes the premium
payable on the debenture on redemption.

2084 U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID INTEREST

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid interest
Field : unclaimed_int
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Interest payable on debentures/ bonds/ other instruments which remains unpaid / unclaimed for seven years from the
due date is transferred to “Investor Education and Protection Fund”. Any amount of interest which was transfered
to this account by the company during the year is reported in this data field.

U NCLAIMED AND UNPAID OTHERS 2085

Indicator : Unclaimed and unpaid others
Field : unclaimed_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any amount other than dividends, fixed deposits, debentures and interest that remains unpaid and which is trans-
ferred during the year to the Investor Education and Protection Fund is reported in this data field.

2086 C URRENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS TRANSFERRED ON ACCOUNT OF HIVING OF UNIT

Indicator : Current liabilities and provisions transferred on account of hiving of unit
Field : curr_liab_prov_trf_for_hiving_unit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Accounting Standard (AS) 24 - Discontinuing Operations, requires companies to disclose information relating to
discontinuing operations (units hived off)in their financial statements. These disclosures inter alia include the car-
rying amounts, as of the balance sheet date, of total assets to be disposed off and the total liabilites to be settled,
the amounts of revenue and expenses attributable to the discontinuing operation,the amount of pre-tax profit or loss
from ordinary activities attributable to the discontinuing operation and the income tax expense related thereto, the
amounts of net cash flows attributable to the operating, investing, and financial activities of the discontinuing oper-
ation.Companies disclose these details in their annual report under notes to accounts. In prowess,this information
is captured under miscellaneous disclosures.
This data field captures current liabilities and provisions of the demerged company transferred to the resulting
company.

C URRENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS TAKEN OVER ON ACCOUNT OF MERGER 2087

Indicator : Current liabilities and provisions taken over on account of merger
Field : curr_liab_prov_trf_for_merger
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Accounting Standard (AS) 14- Accounting for Amalagamations, deals with merger. As per AS 14, in pooling of
interest (merger) method, while preparing the financial statements, the transferee company should record the assets,
liabilities and reserves of the transferor company at their existing carrying amounts and in the same form as at the
date of amalgamation. The balance of the Profit & Loss Account of the transferor company should be aggregated
with the corresponding balance of the transferee company or transferred to the General Reserve, if any. Companies
disclose these details in their annual report under notes to accounts. In prowess,this information is captured under
miscellaneous disclosures.
This data field captures current liabilities and provisions of the target company takenover by the acquiring company.

2088 C URRENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS DUE TO SSI S AND SME S

Indicator : Current liabilities and provisions due to SSIs and SMEs
Field : curr_liab_prov_ssis_smes
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Schedule VI to the Companies Act,1956, companies are required to disclose as a part of the current liabil-
ities, the outstanding dues to SSIs (small scale industrial undertakings) and SMEs (small and medium enterprises)
and to creditors other than small scale industrial undertakings separately.
This data field captures the outstanding dues to SSIs and SMEs as disclosed by the company. It is an additional
information under current liabilities and provisions.

T RADE PAYABLES AND ACCEPTANCES 2089

Indicator : Trade payables and acceptances
Field : trade_paybl_acceptances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Trade payables and acceptances form a part of the total liabilities of a company.
received. This data field captures all short term as well as long term trade payables. It includes trade payables for
goods and services and also for capital works. Trade payables due to group companies and subsidiary companies
are also included in this field.
Acceptances by a company also form a part of this data field. A trade acceptance is a time draft drawn by the seller
of goods on a buyer. It is a contractual agreement where buyer agrees to pay the a mount due at a specified date in
future.
The total value of trade payables and acceptances is also captured separately under non-current and current liabil-
ities. ’Non-current liabilities’ and ’Current liabilities’ have been added as separate sections under total liabilities
Hence, the non-current portion of trade payables and acceptances is captured under non-current liabilities as ’Long
term trade and capital payables and acceptances’ and the current portion is captured under current liabilities as
’Short term trade payables and acceptances’
to 2010-11.
the non-current and current portion of trade payables and acceptances is captured under non-current and current
liabilities, the total value of trade payables and acceptances (non-current + current) is captured in this data field, for

2090 C ONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Indicator : Contingent liabilities
Field : contingent_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A contingent liability is a potential liability that may arise depending on the outcome of a future event such as a
court case. The accrual of this liability depends on the occurrence or non-occurrence of uncertain future events not
wholly within the control of the company. Outstanding lawsuits and product warranties are common examples of
contingent liabilities.
In accounting, a contingent liability and the related contingent loss is recognised in the financial statements only
if the contingency is both probable and the amount of obligation can be estimated. If a contingent liability is only
possible and not probable or if the amount cannot be estimated, then it is not recognised in the financial statements
but only a disclosure is made by way of notes.
As per Accounting Standard 29 on provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India, contingent liabilities are assessed continually. If it becomes probable that an
outflow of resources is required to settle an obligation, which was previously treated as a contingent liability, then
a provision is recognised in the year in which the change in probability occurs.
Then it will no longer be a contingent liability but will become an actual liability. Thus, contingent liabilities are
important because, if that liability materialises, it will have an impact on the profits and reserves of the company.

B ILLS AND CHEQUES DISCOUNTED 2091

Indicator : Bills and cheques discounted
Field : bills_cheques_discounted
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A bill of exchange is a negotiable instrument. A negotiable instrument is one whose ownership can be transferred.
Discounting a bill of exchange means negotiating the bill with a bank before its maturity date to get a prompt
payment against the same. At maturity the bank will present the bill to the drawee for payment.
In case the drawee duly honours the bill the issue ends. But in case the drawee dishonours the bill (defaults in
payment), the bank will recover the entire bill amount from the drawer. It is for this reason that a discounted bill is
treated as a contingent liability of the drawer (seller) till its maturity date. This data field captures the amount of
outstanding bills of exchange when the company is the draweri (seller).

2092 ACCEPTANCES , ENDORSEMENT OBLIGATION ( BANKS )

Indicator : Acceptances, endorsement obligation (banks)
Field : acceptances_endorsement
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A bank endorsement is a document that affirms the bank will honor any obligation that the bank customer makes
in regard to a transaction involving a payment issued to a recipient. Banker’s acceptance and time draft are the two
most common forms of a bank endorsement. The purpose of this type of document is to provide the recipient of
the payment, referred to as the counterparty, with some type of assurance that the payment will be tendered for the
goods or services that the bank customer is buying. Since the issuing bank is providing assurance that the amount
named in the document will be tendered to the seller, this helps to reduce the risk that is taken on by dealing with a
new and relatively unknown buyer.
When a bill is discounted, the drawer of the bill wants acceptance of the drawee’s bank for greater security. Such
banker’s acceptance is considered on par with bank guarantee as the bank is declaring that the payment amount
will be delivered in accordance with the terms and conditions agreed upon by the drawer.
At the end of the accounting period the amounts on such accepted or endorsed bills may remain outstanding till
the time the amount is recovered from the customer or till their date of maturity. These outstanding amounts are
reported as a Contingent liability.

L ETTER OF CREDIT ISSUED BY THE COMPANY 2093

Indicator : Letter of credit issued by the company
Field : letters_of_credit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A letter of credit is a guarantee from an issuing bank to a seller. It is a document issued by a bank, at the instructions
and responsibility of a buyer of merchandise, to a seller, authorizing the seller to draw sums of money upto a
stipulated amount under specified terms and conditions. This mechanism is used by exporters and importers. They
are provided by the importer’s bank to the exporter to safeguard the contractual expectations and financial exposure
of the exporter of the goods or services. The letter of credit essentially guarantees that the bank will pay the seller’s
invoice, on production of certain documents, in case the buyer defaults in making the payment. Hence, the bank
becomes contingently liable to pay the seller in case the importer of goods fails to pay for the goods. The amount
for which the bank may become liable till it is recovered from the buyer is reported as a contingent liability of
banking companies. It is also reported as a contingent liability where a company has guaranteed payment to the
bank on behalf of another company which has obtained a letter of credit from its bank as in such a case the company
may become liable to pay the amount if that another company fails to make payment.
CMIE does not report letter of credit as a contingent liability for companies, which obtain it directly in their favour
from the bank even if these companies report the amount as a contingent liability in their annual report. This is
because the amount is a definite obligation on such companies and not a contingent liability that might arise.

2094 L ETTER OF CREDIT ISSUED BY THE COMPANY FOR GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Letter of credit issued by the company for group companies
Field : letters_of_credit_to_gp_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Where companies guarantee letters of credit obtained by their subsidiaries or group companies, then it is reported
as a contingent liability, as an obligation might arise on the company to pay the amount to the bank if that subsidiary
or group company fails to make the payment.
The amount that the company may become liable to pay on account of letters of credit guaranteed for its group
companies is reported as a contingent liability in this data field.

L ETTER OF CREDIT ISSUED BY BANKS 2095

Indicator : Letter of credit issued by banks
Field : letters_credit_by_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of guarantees given by banks in the form of letter of credit. This field is captured
under the head ’Contingent liabilities’.
A letter of credit is a guarantee from an issuing bank to a seller. It is a document issued by a bank, at the instructions
and responsibility of a buyer of merchandise, to a seller, authorizing the seller to draw sums of money upto a
stipulated amount under specified terms and conditions. Letters of credit are used primarily in the international
trade. They are provided by the importer’s bank to the exporter to safeguard the contractual expectations and
financial exposure of the exporter of the goods or services. The letter of credit essentially guarantees that the bank
will pay the seller’s invoice on production of certain documents in case the buyer defaults in making payment.
Hence the bank becomes contingently liable to pay the seller in case the importer of goods fails to pay for the
goods. The amount for which the bank may become liable till it is recovered from the buyer is reported as a
contingent liability of banking companies.
If a non-fiance company gives in its notes to accounts the value of letter of credit, it is captured under this data field
in PROWESS.

2096 D ISPUTED TAXES

Indicator : Disputed taxes
Field : disputed_taxes
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The value of the claims related to taxes under dispute and those under appeal for which the company is contingently
liable are known as disputed taxes. The disputed taxes pertain to the assessed tax liability, for which the company
has filed appeals but are pending judgement.
This data field provides the total amount of tax claims of a company pending judgement. It includes taxes relating
to income tax, excise, custom duties, sales tax and other taxes including octroi and local taxes.

D ISPUTED INCOME TAX 2097

Indicator : Disputed income tax
Field : disputed_income_tax
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Disputed Income tax means the total income tax determined as payable by the Income tax authorities, under ’The
Income Tax Act in respect of an assessment year, but which remains unpaid on account of some dispute regarding
the levy or assessment of such tax. When a company is aggrieved by an order / demand raised by the Income Tax
authorities it has a right to appeal to the appeallate authorities against such demand. Such income tax in respect
of which appeal is pending with the appeallate authority and thus remains unpaid till the ultimate disposal of the
appeals called disputed income tax. The company has to treat the disputed income tax as a contingent liability.
Companies generally report such disputed income tax amount under the Notes to Accounts. CMIE reports the
amount of disputed taxes in this data field even if the company does not distinctly report it under contingent
liability.

2098 D ISPUTED EXCISE

Indicator : Disputed excise
Field : disputed_excise_duty
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Excise is a tax to be paid by manufacturing companies. Sometimes, there may be a dispute between the manufac-
turer and the excise authorities regarding the levy, assessment, or collection of excise duty.
If a company is aggrieved by any order or decision of any officer of central excise the company may instead of
paying the duty, file an appeal with the authorities (appeallate authorities) against the order. Similarly, an officer
of central excise, if aggrieved by an order passed in favour of the company by a certain appeallate authority, can
appeal against the order to a higher appellate authority.
Such excise duty which has not been paid and in respect of which a dispute is pending with some forum is called
disputed excise duty. Disputed Excise duty is the contingent liability of the company till the case is finally dis-
posed/settled. CMIE reports the amount of such disputed excise duty in this data field.

D ISPUTED CUSTOM DUTIES 2099

Indicator : Disputed custom duties
Field : disputed_custom_duty
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Custom duty is the duty levied on import of goods.
Sometimes, there may be a dispute between the importer and the custom authorities regarding the levy of custom
duty. Similarly, even the custom department can file an appeal against an order issued in favour of the company by
an appellate authority. Such a duty for which an appeal is pending is called disputed custom duty.
Disputed custom duty is the contingent liability of the company. The company continues to be contingently liable
for the disputed customs duty till the final disposal of the appeal. This data field captures the outstanding amount
of customs duties that are disputed.

2100 D ISPUTED SALES TAX

Indicator : Disputed sales tax
Field : disputed_sales_tax
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The tax that is imposed on the value of the goods sold is termed as Sales tax. The Sales Tax Act (both Central and
State sales tax Acts) gives the list of goods on which different percentage of tax rates are applied. The seller who
collects the tax on the goods sold, is bound to pay it further to the Government or respective taxation authorities.
When the company does not agree with the demand raised by the Sales Tax authorities, it has right to appeal against
such demand. Also when the Sales Tax authorities disagree with the orders given in favour of the company they
have the right to appeal against such orders. Where the judgement for such appeal is pending as on the date of
balance sheet, the liability to pay such demand becomes contingent. Thus, the company has to disclose it as a
contingent liability in the financial statement till the final judgement of such dispute is given. These disputed cases
regarding sales tax are captured in this data field.

OTHERS DISPUTED TAXES INCLUDING OCTROI AND LOCAL TAXES 2101

Indicator : Others disputed taxes including octroi and local taxes
Field : oth_disputed_taxes_incl_local_taxes
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures all the disputed amounts related to taxes other than income tax, excise, customs duty and
sales tax. It includes the disputed taxes in respect of octroi and local taxes such as property tax, muncipal tax, water
charges, etc. Sometimes companies do not give the details but just mention other disputed taxes under contingent
liabilities. Such amounts are reported in this data field.
Where the judgement for such disputes is pending as on the date of balance sheet, the liability to pay such amount
becomes contingent. Thus, the company has to disclose it as a contingent liability in the financial statements till
the final judgement of such a dispute is given.

2102 D ISPUTED CLAIMS OR OTHERS

Indicator : Disputed claims or others
Field : disputed_claims
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies generally do not make provision for the claims which are in dispute. The policy of not providing for
is not because the company has not acknowledged it as debt but due to the liability being contingent in nature.
Generally, the amount of claim is ascertained, but due to the contingent nature, it is reported as a contingent
liability. Thus, the amount of claims acknowledged by the company but which are under dispute, are reported in
this data field. These claims relate to matters other than taxes as all disputed tax claims are reported elsewhere.
This data field reports the total amount of contingent liabilities related to license fees, lease rentals or any other
pending claims unpaid by the company as a result of some dispute therein.
This information is disclosed under Contingent Liabilities in the Notes forming a part of the Accounts.

D ISPUTED LICENCE FEES 2103

Indicator : Disputed licence fees
Field : disputed_licence_fees
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When any claim relating to license fees is in dispute with government authorities and an appeal is filed against the
demand raised against the company, then such claims are termed as disputed license fees.
The total amount of disputed license fees is reported in this data field.

2104 D ISPUTED LEASE RENTALS

Indicator : Disputed lease rentals
Field : disputed_lease_rentals
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The value of claims related to lease rentals which are disputed by the company are reported in this data field.
Disputed lease rentals are a contingent liability for a company until the case is finally settled.

OTHER CLAIMS DISPUTED 2105

Indicator : Other claims disputed
Field : oth_disputed_claims
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The value of claims, other than those related to taxes, license fees and lease rentals, which are under dispute and
pending judgement as on the date of the balance sheet are a contingent liability for the company. The total amount
of these other disputed claims is reported in this data field.

2106 G UARANTEES AND COUNTER - GUARANTEES

Indicator : Guarantees and counter-guarantees
Field : guarantees
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A guarantee is a contract to perform the promise, or to discharge the liability, of another person or company in case
of a default by such a person / company. The person who gives the guarantee is called the “Guarantor”.
Counter-guarantees are furnished by a company to the banker or other third party who furnished the principal
guarantee on behalf of the company. If the principal guarantor is called upon to meet his guarantee obligation, he
will proceed against the company in order to recover the amount which he has paid under his guarantee obligation.
i
The only difference between a guarantee and a counter-guarantee in so far as the company is concerned, is that in
the former case, the company is obligated on the guarantee to the person / company to whom it is furnished whereas
in the latter case, it is obligated to the banker or other third party who has furnished the original guarantee.
Till the obligation is met or the liability is discharged by the liable party, the guarantor becomes contingently liable
for it because if the liable party fails to discharge the liability or obligation, then the Guarantor has to discharge the
obligation.
This data field reports the total amount of guarantees and counter guarantees given by a company, i.e. where the
company is the guarantor.

G UARANTEES GIVEN BY COMPANY 2107

Indicator : Guarantees given by company
Field : guarantees_by_co
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A guarantee is a contract to perform the promise, or to discharge the liability, of another person in case of default.
The person who gives the guarantee is called the “Guarantor”.
obligation.
This data field reports the sum of all guarantees given by the company whether to group or non-group companies.
It excludes counter-guarantees.
CMIE does not report the guarantee given by bank/others for the company as a contingent liability of the company.
The company will either honour its obligation or repay its guarantor in case it fails to honour its obligation. Thus,
the obligation is not a contingent liability but an actual liability for the company. It is the contingent liability of the
person who gives the guarantee.

2108 G UARANTEE FOR GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Guarantee for group companies
Field : guarantees_for_gp_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The total amount of guarantees issued by a company, on behalf of its subsidiaries or group companies, which
remains outstanding at the end of the year is reported in this data field.
There may also be a case where the subsidiary provides a guarantee for its holding company. Such guarantees are
also captured here. Thus, a guarantee given by a company for any of its group companies is reported in this data
field.

G UARANTEE GIVEN IN I NDIA ( FOR FINANCE COMPANIES ) 2109

Indicator : Guarantee given in India (for finance companies)
Field : guarantee_given_in_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The person who gives the guarantee is called the "Guarantor".
obligation.
In case of commercial transactions entered into between an Indian party or its wholly owned subsidiary and the
third party, sometimes the third party insists upon the personal guarantee of companies. This data field captures
value of such guarantees given to third party entities.

2110 G UARANTEE GIVEN OUTSIDE I NDIA ( FOR FINANCE COMPANIES )

Indicator : Guarantee given outside India (for finance companies)
Field : guarantee_given_abroad
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The person who gives the guarantee is called the "Guarantor".
obligation.
In case of international commercial transactions entered into between an Indian party or its wholly owned sub-
sidiary abroad and the foreign party, sometimes the foreign party insists upon the personal guarantee of individual
Indian companies for transactions entered by . its wholly owned subsidiary. This data field captures value of such
guarantees given to foreign entities abroad.

C OUNTER GUARANTEES BY COMPANY ON BEHALF OF OTHERS 2111

Indicator : Counter guarantees by company on behalf of others
Field : counter_guarantees_by_co
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Counter-guarantees are furnished by a company to the banker or other third party who furnished the principal
guarantee on behalf of the company. If the principal guarantor is called upon to meet his guarantee obligation, he
will proceed against the company in order to recover the amount which he has paid under his guarantee obligation.
The only difference between a guarantee and a counter-guarantee in so far as the company is concerned, is that in
the former case, the company is obligated on the guarantee to the person to whom it is furnished whereas in the
latter case, it is obligated to the banker or other third party who has furnished the original guarantee.
Counter guarantee is disclosed under contingent liability as the company becomes contingently liable for the the
guarantee till the liability is discharged by the liable party.
This data field captures the total amount of counter guarantees given by a company whether to group companies or
non-group companies.

2112 C OUNTER GUARANTEES FOR GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Counter guarantees for group companies
Field : counter_guarantees_for_gp_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is an additional information field under ‘counter guarantees given by companies’.
This data field captures the total amount of counter guarantees given by a company for its group companies.

B ONDS ISSUED IN FAVOUR OF GOVT AUTHORITIES 2113

Indicator : Bonds issued in favour of govt authorities
Field : bonds_issued_fav_govt_auth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A bond is an instrument by which an obligation to pay money is expressly created. Sometimes, a company might
issue a bond in favour of a government authority/department as a collateral security that will indemnify the govern-
ment authority/department in the event of the issuing company defaulting on the payment of a certain due amount.
In other words, it is issued in order to ensure the payment of appropriate dues. Bonds are furnished to government
authorities to secure due compliance with rules and regulations.
The liability to discharge the bonds issued in favour of government authorities is a contingent event. Hence, it is
not an absolute liability, but is disclosed as a probable/potential liability that can arise in case of a default.
This data field captures the value of all such contingency bonds issued by the company in favour of government
authorities. It is a calculated field and represents the sum of three sub-fields, namely bonds issued by the company
against disputed taxes, bonds issued by directors/promoters in their personal capacity, and bonds issued for other
purposes.

2114 B ONDS ISSUED FOR DISPUTED TAXES

Indicator : Bonds issued for disputed taxes
Field : bonds_issued_disputed_taxes
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of bonds issued by a company in favour of government authorities/departments
in the wake of disputes regarding tax liabilities related to income tax, sales tax, custom duties and excise matters.
Such bonds are usually issued as indemnity in the wake of the dispute. They can also be issued as a surety on
behalf of another party, or under some statutory provision.
This data field has four child fields, which are as follows:-
1. Bonds issued for disputed income tax
2. Bonds issued for disputed excise
3. Bonds issued for disputed custom duties
4. Bonds issued for disputed sales tax

B ONDS ISSUED FOR DISPUTED INCOME TAX 2115

Indicator : Bonds issued for disputed income tax
Field : bonds_issued_disputed_income_tax
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies might issue bonds in favour of government authorities/departments in the wake of disputes regarding
tax liabilities related to income tax, sales tax, custom duties and excise matters. Such bonds are usually issued as
indemnity in the wake of the dispute. They can also be issued as a surety on behalf of another party, or under some
statutory provision. This particular data field captures the value of the bonds issued by the company in favour of
Income Tax authorities pending the settlement of income tax disputes.

2116 B ONDS ISSUED FOR DISPUTED EXCISE

Indicator : Bonds issued for disputed excise
Field : bonds_issued_disputed_excise_duties
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
statutory provision. This particular data field captures the value of the bonds issued by a company in favour of
excise authorities pending the settlement of disputes with respect to excise duty payments.

B ONDS ISSUED FOR DISPUTED CUSTOM DUTIES 2117

Indicator : Bonds issued for disputed custom duties
Field : bonds_issued_disputed_custom_duties
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
statutory provision.
This particular data field captures the value of the bonds issued by a company in favour of customs authorities
pending the settlement of disputes with respect to customs duty payments.

2118 B ONDS ISSUED FOR DISPUTED SALES TAX

Indicator : Bonds issued for disputed sales tax
Field : bonds_issued_disputed_sales_tax
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
statutory provision.
This particular data field captures the value of the bonds issued by a company in favour of sales tax authorities
pending the settlement of disputes with respect its sales tax dues.

B ONDS ISSUED BY DIRECTORS AND PROMOTERS IN THEIR PERSONAL CAPACITY 2119

Indicator : Bonds issued by directors and promoters in their personal capacity
Field : bonds_issued_by_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
In certain cases, a company’s director or promoter might choose to offer a guarantee on behalf of the company,
in his/her personal capacity. In cases where there is a dispute with government authorities/departments regarding
tax liabilities related to income tax, sales tax, custom duties and excise matters, such directors or promoters might
issue bonds in their favour as a collateral security for such disputed dues. This data field captures the value of such
bonds issued by directors and promoters to government authorities in their personal capacities.

2120 B ONDS ISSUED FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Indicator : Bonds issued for other purposes
Field : bonds_issued_for_oth_purposes
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A bond is an instrument by which an obligation to pay money is expressly created. A company might issue a bond
in favour of a party to which it owes an amount or towards which it has a payment obligation. For instance, bonds
might be issued in favour of a government authority/department as a collateral security that will indemnify the
government authority/department in the event of the issuing company defaulting on the payment of a certain due
amount. This data field captures the value of bonds issued by a company in favour of government authorities for
purposes other than disputed taxes.

L IABILITIES ON ACCOUNT OF NON FULFILMENT OF EXPORT OBLIGATION 2121

Indicator : Liabilities on account of non fulfilment of export obligation
Field : liab_wrt_not_fulfil_export_commit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The "Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme" is a scheme offered by the government in its EXIM Policy, whereby
it allows companies to import capital goods for pre-production, production and post-production without paying
import duty, or at concessional rates of import duty, with the understanding that in lieu of the concession offered,
the company will meet a certain level of export obligation. Such an export obligation is in terms of achieving
exports to the extent of a certain number of times of the duty saved.
If, however, the company fails to honour its export obligation within the stipulated period, it becomes liable to pay
all duties/tariffs on the capital imports made which had earlier been waived off. A company might seek to create a
contingent liability in its books to take care of the possibility of such a liability arising in the future. The value of
such a contingent liability arising on account of non-fulfilment of a company’s export obligation is captured in this
data field. It is not an absolute liability, but a probable/potential liability that can arise in case of non-adherence.

2122 L IABILITIES ON ACCOUNT OF FORWARD FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTRACT

Indicator : Liabilities on account of forward foreign exchange contract
Field : liab_wrt_fwd_frgn_exch_contract
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A forward contract is defined as a non-standardised contract between two parties to buy or sell an asset on a
specified future date at a price agreed upon today. It thus follows that a foreign exchange forward contract is one
entered into to buy or sell an asset in a transaction involving payment in foreign exchange terms. This data field
captures the value of a company’s contingent liabilities arising on account of outstanding forward foreign exchange
and derivative contracts. It covers liabilities that could arise on account of forward contracts, interest rate swaps,
currency swaps, forward rate agreement & interest rate futures, foreign currency options, etc. It does not relate to
the amount payable on the expiration of the contract per se, but to the losses arising due to an adverse movement
in the exchange rate of the foreign currency.
The value of those forward exchange contracts that remain to be executed on the date of balance sheet constitute a
contingent liability for the enterprise to the extent of the adverse movement in the exchange rate. If the exchange
rates move adversely as compared to the contracted rate, vis-a-vis the exchange rate prevailing on the date on which
the contract was entered into, then the excess of cash inflow or outflow would constitute a notional loss or gain
for the enterprise. Since the adversity that would arise from the adverse rates that would eventually arise on a
future date cannot be quantified, the liability is not provided for in the books of account. Instead, it is shown as a
contingent liability.

C LAIMS NOT ACKNOWLEDGED AS DEBT 2123

Indicator : Claims not acknowledged as debt
Field : claims_not_acknow_as_debt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sometimes, a party might make a claim on a company, which the company in turn might not acknowledge as a
liability. For instance, a company might take fully-furnished office premises on lease from another party with an
understanding that an agreed amount has to be paid as lease rentals for the entire office premises including the
furniture therein. The lessor, on the other hand might subsequently come forward to claim lease on the furnishings
separately. In such a case, the company might not acknowledge this claim as debt.
This data field captures the value of claims which the company outright refuses to acknowledge as debt. It differs
from claims that are merely disputed. In the case of a disputed claim, the only thing that is being disputed is the
quantum of the claim. In the case of claims not being acknowledged, however, the company refuses the existence
of any liability on its part whatsoever.

2124 OTHER CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Indicator : Other contingent liabilities
Field : oth_contingent_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A contingent liability is a potential liability that may arise depending on the outcome of a future event. The accrual
of such a liability depends on the occurrence or non-occurrence of uncertain future events, which are not wholly
within the control of a company. A contingent liability and related contingent losses are recognised in a company’s
financial statements only if the contingency is both probable and if the amount of obligation can be estimated. If
such a contingent liability is only possible and not probable or if the amount cannot be estimated, then it is not
recognised in the financial statements but only a disclosure is made by way of notes.
Accounting Standard 29 on provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, issued by the Institute of Char-
tered Accountants of India requires contingent liabilities to be assessed on a continuous basis. Hence, if a contin-
gent liability eventually becomes an actual and thereby requires an outflow of resources for a settlement, then a
provision is recognised in the year in which the change in probability occurs. Then it will no longer be a contingent
liability but will become an actual liability.
This data field captures the value of all contingent liabilities other than those mentioned below:-
• Bills and cheques discounted
• Bills for collection (banks)
• Acceptances, endorsement obligation (banks)
• Letter of credit issued by the company
• Disputed taxes
• Disputed claims or others
• Guarantees and counter-guarantees
• Bonds issued in favour of government authorities
• Liabilities on account of non fulfilment of export obligation
• Liabilities on account of forward foreign exchange contract
• Contracts remaining to be executed; and
• Claims not acknowledged as debt
This data field majorly covers the following types of contingent liabilities:-
• Arrears of preference dividend
• Unprovided employee dues
• Liabilities of un-called and partly paid-up shares & debentures
• Liabilities of underwriting obligation

OTHER CONTINGENT LIABILITIES 2125
• Other miscellaneous contingent liabilities

Sometimes, companies might simply report a single amount as ’Contingent liability’, without giving a break-up of
categories constituting such an aggregate figure. Amounts report in such a non-classified manner are also reported
in this data field.

2126 A RREARS OF PREFERENCE DIVIDEND

Indicator : Arrears of preference dividend
Field : arrears_of_pref_div
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of dividend accumulated on preference shares which are payable by a company
but have not been distributed so far for certain reasons.
To cite an example, preference shares might bear cumulative dividend, but there might not be a provision for
payment of arrears of dividends at the time of the liquidation of the company either in the Articles of Association
of the company or the terms of allotment. In case the company has incurred losses for years together and did not
have any divisible profits, no dividend could be distributed. However, eventually in any year, if a company earns
profits, the dividend can be doled out. Also, in case the preference shares reach maturity, they can be redeemed only
after all dividend arrears are paid off. Hence, a contingent liability needs to be created for the probable liability,
which can be estimated. Eventually, this contingent liability is bound to translate into an actual liability.

U NPROVIDED EMPLOYEE DUES 2127

Indicator : Unprovided employee dues
Field : unprovided_employees_dues
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of a company’s contingent liabilities in terms of employee dues that have not been
provided for.
In certain circumstances, companies might not provide for the dues that are payable to employees. This can happen
if such dues are of a contingent nature. A common example of such a contingent liability is leave encashment not
paid because of some dispute with the labour union. The liability to pay such dues to employees would eventually
become probable after the dispute gets settled. Such dues are termed as unprovided employee dues and are reported
as contingent liabilities.

2128 L IABILITIES OF UN - CALLED AND PARTLY PAIDUP SHARES & DEBENTURES

Indicator : Liabilities of un-called and partly paidup shares & debentures
Field : liab_wrt_part_paid_share_deb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of a company’s liability in terms of the un-called portion of partly paid-up
shares/debentures held as investments. It, therefore, relates to investments made by a company in shares/debentures
of other corporates. Partly paid-up shares/debentures are those in respect of which the investee company has only
called for some portion of an investment’s (whether shares or debentures) face value and has thereafter not made
any calls for unpaid portion. This amount due on shares of the investee company which is uncalled for and hence
unpaid is a contingent liability in the books of the investor company, since subsequent calls for monies are sure to
happen in the future, the liability can be estimated in money terms. At the same time, there is no certainty on when
it will translate into an actual liability and cash outgo.

L IABILITIES OF UNDERWRITING OBLIGATION 2129

Indicator : Liabilities of underwriting obligation
Field : liab_wrt_underwriting_obligation
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
within the control of a company. It is recognised in a company’s financial statements only if the contingency is
probable and if the amount of obligation can be estimated. Else, if it is only possible and not probable or if the
amount cannot be estimated, then it is only shown as a disclosure in the notes to accounts.
This data field is relevant to a company which provides underwriting services. Underwriters administer the public
issue and distribution of securities. They also guarantee the purchase of a full issue of securities or agree to buy the
unsold part at a fixed time and price. This is like an assurance to the issuing company. In such an agreement, the
underwriting obligation therefore remains a contingent liability of the underwriter till all the shares under-written
are sold in the open market. This is disclosed under contingent liabilities in the schedule/notes to accounts by the
underwriting company.

2130 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Indicator : Other miscellaneous contingent liabilities
Field : oth_misc_contingent_liab
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
within the control of a company. It is recognised in a company’s financial statements only if the contingency is
probable and if the amount of obligation can be estimated. Else, if it is only possible and not probable or if the
amount cannot be estimated, then it is only shown as a disclosure in the notes to accounts.
This data field is residual in nature. It captures the value of a company’s contingent liabilities which can not be
allocated under any of the existing categories of contingent liabilities on Prowess. Sometimes, companies report
a single amount as ’contingent liabilities’, without elaborating on the nature thereof. Such amounts for which a
bifurcation is not available are captured in this field.
Thus, this data field captures the value of all of a company’s contingent liabilities other than:-
• Bills and cheques discounted
• Bills for collection (banks)
• Acceptances, endorsement obligation (banks)
• Letter of credit issued by the company
• Disputed taxes
• Disputed claims or others
• Guarantees and counter-guarantees
• Bonds issued in favour of government authorities
• Liabilities on account of non fulfilment of export obligation
• Liabilities on account of forward foreign exchange contract
• Contracts remaining to be executed; and
• Claims not acknowledged as debt
• Arrears of preference dividend
• Unprovided employee dues
• Liabilities of un-called and partly paid-up shares & debentures
• Liabilities of underwriting obligation

C OMMITMENTS 2131

Indicator : Commitments
Field : commitments
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The term ’Commitment’ simply implies future liability for contractual expenditure.
The Guidance Note on Terms Used in Financial Statements issued by ICAI defines ’Capital Commitment’ as future
liability for capital expenditure in respect of which contracts have been made.
Accordingly, the ’Other commitments’ would include all expenditure related contractual commitments apart from
capital commitments such as commitments arising from long-term contracts for purchase of raw material, employee
contracts, lease commitments, etc.
As per Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013, commitments shall be classified as:
• Estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for;
• Uncalled liability on shares and other investments partly paid;
• Other commitments
This data field captures amount of total commitments disclosed by company in its financial statements

2132 C OMMITMENT ON CAPITAL ACCOUNT

Indicator : Commitment on capital account
Field : contracts_pending_execution_cap_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company might enter into a contract for the construction/development of a long term fixed asset. It might take a
long time to get such a fixed asset ready for deployment. Nevertheless, the company has an obligation to pay for
the same, which is bound to arise on a future date. Thus, the amount of such a contract that remains to be executed
as on the balance sheet date becomes a contingent liability for the company. Thus, if we take the example of a
contract to build a park, the liability in terms of the amount that is due to be paid for the same on some unknown
future date is a contingent liability that has to be disclosed.
Prowess captures the value of such a contingent liability net of advances (if any) paid by the company in that regard.

C OMMITMENT ON OTHER / REVENUE ACCOUNT 2133

Indicator : Commitment on other/revenue account
Field : commitment_on_other_revenue_ac
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The particulars of aggregate or estimated amount of any other financial commitments so far as not provided for and
are relevant to assessing the company’s state of affairs shall be stated by companies as part of disclosures in their
This data field captures the commitment on revenue account that has not been provided for by the entity.

2134 E XPORT OBLIGATIONS

Indicator : Export obligations
Field : export_obligations
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The "Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme" (EPCG Scheme) is a scheme offered by the government in its
EXIM Policy, whereby it allows companies to import capital goods for pre-production, production and post-
production without paying import duty, or at concessional rates of import duty, with the understanding that in lieu
of the concession offered, the company will meet a certain level of export obligation. Such an export obligation is
in terms of achieving exports to the extent of a certain number of times of the duty saved.
This data field under contingent liabilities and commitments captures the value of export obligations which the
company has to fulfill under the various schemes of Government of India (for e.g. export commitments under
EPCG scheme).

L ETTER OF C OMFORT 2135

Indicator : Letter of Comfort
Field : letter_of_comfort
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Letter of comfort is used by lenders such as banks as ’solvency opinions’ on whether a borrower can meet the
payment obligation of a loan.
Comfort letters are opinions and not guarantees that the underlying company will actually remain solvent
A parent company may also issue letter of comfort to reassure a subsidiary-firm’s lender or supplier that the sub-
sidiary will be able to perform its obligation
Banks or a parent company disclose comfort letters issued by them under contingent liabilities
This data field captures the amount of Letter of comfort issued and disclosed by banks or a parent company under
contingent liabilities

2136 G UARANTEES GIVEN BY COMPANIES BANKERS

Indicator : Guarantees given by companies bankers
Field : guarantee_by_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of guarantees given by banks on behalf of the company.

T OTAL ASSETS 2137

Indicator : Total assets
Field : total_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Total assets refer to sum of all current and non-current assets held by a company as on the last day of an accounting
period.

2138 N ON - CURRENT ASSETS

Indicator : Non-current assets
Field : non_current_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any asset in the balance sheet is classified as non-current asset if the following conditions are satified:
1. The entity does not intend to sell or consume the asset in the normal operating cycle 2. The asset is held
primarily for the purpose other than trading 3. The entity does not expect to realise the asset within 12 months from
the balance sheet date 4. The asset is not easily convertible into cash and is not expected to become cash within 12
months
Non current assets include tangible and intangible assets. It also includes capital work in progress which refers to
fixed assets that are in process of being installed or constructed. The total amount of long term investments, long
term loans and advances and other long term assets of a company are also classified as non current assets.
The data for non current assets is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending March 2012, as the
revised schedule VI was introduced for preparation of financial statements by all companies on or from 1 April
2011. The new schedule VI requires companies to segregate their assets and liabilities into current and non-current
portions. Thus, the data for long-term investments, long-term loans & advances and other long-term assets is
available in the balance sheet of companies only from the year ending 2011-12.

N ET FIXED ASSETS 2139

Indicator : Net fixed assets
Field : net_fixed_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Net fixed assets is the net value of the fixed assets of a company after adjusting for additions/(deductions) to gross
fixed assets and the cumulative depreciation on gross fixed assets.
Net fixed assets is derived as the sum of net intangible assets, net land and buildings, net plant & machinery,
computers and electrical installations, net transport & communication equipment and infrastructure, net furniture,
social amenities and other fixed assets and net lease adjustment reserves. Arrears of depreciation and provisions
for impairment are deducted from the above.

2140 G ROSS FIXED ASSETS

Indicator : Gross fixed assets
Field : gross_fixed_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 10 (AS-10) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, a fixed asset
is defined as an asset that is held by an entity with the intention of being used for the purpose of producing or
providing goods or services and is not held for sale in the normal course of business.
This data field captures the aggregate value of all of a company’s gross fixed assets as on the last day of an
accounting period. It is essentially the sum of the costs of construction/acquisition, i.e. the historical cost of all of
the fixed assets that are in the possession and control of a company. It also takes into account capitalised expenses.
On the other hand, if a fixed asset is sold at any point in time, the historical cost thereof is deducted from the value
of the gross fixed assets.
The value of gross fixed assets at the beginning of an accounting period, also known as gross block, is computed
by adding together the historical cost of all fixed assets purchased/constructed, deducting the historical cost of
assets sold, and adding or deducting the historical cost of assets coming in or going out at the time of acquisitions,
mergers and demergers, etc., as the case may be. This value captured in this data field is thus the sum of gross
intangible assets, gross land & buildings, gross plant & machinery, gross computers, gross electrical installations
& fittings, gross transport infrastructure, gross transport equipment & vehicles, gross communication equipment,
gross furniture & fixtures, gross social amenities and the gross value of any such class of fixed assets.

G ROSS TOTAL ADDITIONS TO FIXED ASSETS DURING THE YEAR 2141

Indicator : Gross total additions to fixed assets during the year
Field : gross_fixed_assets_tot_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2142 G ROSS FIXED ASSETS ADDITIONS

Indicator : Gross fixed assets additions
Field : gross_fixed_ast_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total value of additions made to the gross fixed assets of a company during the year.
It includes additions during the year to intangible assets, land and building, plant & machinery, computers and
electrical installations, transport and communication equipments and infrastructure, furniture and fittings, social
amenities and other fixed assets. However, it does not include additions to such assets due to revaluation.

G ROSS FIXED ASSETS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION 2143

Indicator : Gross fixed assets additions due to revaluation
Field : gross_fixed_ast_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the increase in the value of gross fixed assets of a company during the year due to revaluation
of assets. It includes revaluation of intangible assets, land and building, plant & machinery, computers and electrical
installations, transport and communication equipments and infrastructure, furniture and fixtures, social amenities
and other fixed assets.

G ROSS FIXED ASSETS ADDITIONS DURING THE YEAR DUE TO CURRENCY TRANSLATION / RESTATEMENT
2144 DIFFERENCES

Indicator : Gross fixed assets additions during the year due to currency
translation/restatement differences
Field : tot_fixed_asst_addn_curr_transl_diff
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

G ROSS TOTAL DEDUCTIONS FROM FIXED ASSETS DURING THE YEAR 2145

Indicator : Gross total deductions from fixed assets during the year
Field : gross_fixed_assets_tot_del
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2146 G ROSS FIXED ASSETS DEDUCTIONS

Indicator : Gross fixed assets deductions
Field : gross_fixed_ast_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Gross fixed assets deductions pertain to the decrease in the total value of gross fixed assets of a company during
the year due to sale of assets, write offs and impairment of assets. It includes deductions in gross fixed assets due
to sale of intangible assets, land and building, plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations, transport
and communication equipments and infrastructure, furniture and fixtures, social amenities and other fixed assets.
The data field also includes deductions due to writing off these assets when their written down value becomes zero
and writing down the value of these assets due to impairment in their value and adjustment due to hiving off of a
unit. However, it excludes decrease in the value of such assets arising out of depreciation of assets.

G ROSS FIXED ASSETS DEDUCTION DUE TO REVALUATION 2147

Indicator : Gross fixed assets deduction due to revaluation
Field : tot_fixed_asst_del_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

G ROSS FIXED ASSETS DEDUCTIONS DURING THE YEAR DUE TO CURRENCY TRANSLATION / RESTATEMENT
2148 DIFFERENCES

Indicator : Gross fixed assets deductions during the year due to currency
Field : tot_fixed_asst_del_curr_transl_diff
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

T RANSFERS FROM GROSS FIXED ASSETS INTO NON - CURRENT ASSET HELD FOR SALE 2149

Indicator : Transfers from gross fixed assets into non-current asset held for sale
Field : trf_from_tot_fixed_asst_ncast_held_for_sale
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2150 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON GROSS FIXED ASSETS

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on gross fixed assets
Field : gross_fixed_ast_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is the total accumulated depreciation on all the fixed assets of a company as on the date of the balance sheet.
It includes cumulative depreciation on intangible assets, land and building, plant & machinery, computers and
electrical installations, transport and communication equipments/ and infrastructure, furniture and fixtures, social
amenities and other fixed assets.

G ROSS FIXED ASSETS DEPRECIATION DURING THE YEAR 2151

Indicator : Gross fixed assets depreciation during the year
Field : gross_fixed_ast_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The value of depreciation on all gross fixed assets for the current year is reported in this data field.

2152 N ET INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Indicator : Net intangible assets
Field : net_intangible_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 26 (AS-26) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, an intangible
asset is ’an identifiable non-monetary asset, without physical substance, held for use in the production or supply
of goods or services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes’. Intangible fixed assets usually includes
the gross value of goodwill, and software systems. Some examples of intangible assets are goodwill, computer
software, patents, copyrights, motion picture films, film negatives, telecom service licenses, fishing licenses, import
quotas, franchises, customer loyalty, marketing rights, brands, etc. This data field captures the net value of all of
a company’s intangible fixed assets, after deducting the value of accumulated depreciation thereon from the gross
block of the said assets.
This data field captures the total net intangible assets of a company as on the last day of the accounting period. It
is calculated as the sum of the following data fields:
• Net goodwill assets
• Net software assets
• Net mining rights
• Net other intangible assets
The net value of all intangible assets is the same as (gross value of intangible assets - cumulative depreciation).

G ROSS INTANGIBLE ASSETS 2153

Indicator : Gross intangible assets
Field : intangible_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 26 (AS-26) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, an intangible
asset is ’an identifiable non-monetary asset, without physical substance, held for use in the production or supply of
goods or services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes’. Intangible fixed assets usually includes the
gross value of goodwill, and software systems.
Goodwill refers to the value of a firm in terms of its reputation. Goodwill is categorised as a fixed asset, even though
it is not something that you can touch or feel and is difficult to calculate. It shows the prudent value that a company
has beyond its physical assets, for instance, a strong customer base. It, therefore, helps a company command a
value higher than the aggregate value of its physical assets. Goodwill, however, is recorded in a company’s books
only when some monetary consideration has been paid for it. Hence, it arises in the books of an acquirer only when
assets have been acquired from an acquired company at a purchase consideration higher than the aggregate value
of assets taken over.
This data field also captures the gross value of computer software, which are basically codes and programs which
do not have a physical existence, but are essential for carrying out business activity. Likewise, it also captures the
gross value of other intangible assets that are essential for the conduct of business activity.
This data field captures the total gross value, i.e. the historical cost of acquisition or creation of intangible assets
of a company, as on the last day of an accounting period. It is the same as gross value at the beginning of the
accounting period and any addition or deduction during the year by way of purchases, sale, acquisition, demerger,
etc.
It is calculated as the sum of the following data fields:
• Goodwill
• Software
• Mining Rights
• Licenses & trade related rights
• Brands & trademarks
• Patents & copyrights
• Technical knowhow including product designs/formulae
• Other intangible assets

2154 T OTAL ADDITIONS TO INTANGIBLE ASSETS DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Total additions to intangible assets during the year
Field : gross_intangible_assets_tot_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Intangible assets are those assets which do not have phhysical existence. Nevertheless, benefits are accrued to the
entity from holding them. Therefore, they are recognised in the financial statements of the entity.
This data field stores value of additions made to such intangible assets during the accounting period. These ad-
ditions can be on account of purchases, acquisions of companies, revaluations, foreign exchange translation dif-
ferences etc. The amount captured here is the gross value of additions, before providing for amortisations for the
period.

I NTANGIBLE ASSETS ADDITION IN THE YEAR 2155

Indicator : Intangible assets addition in the year
Field : intangible_ast_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
In the ’schedule of fixed assets’ of a company, the value of gross fixed assets at the end of any given year is
computed by taking the value of gross fixed assets at the beginning of a year and adding to it the value of additions
made during the year (assets acquired) and deducting the value of assets sold/disposed off during a year. This data
field captures the value of all intangible fixed assets added during the accounting period, in the equation mentioned
above.
This data field is computed as the sum of goodwill additions, software additions and other intangible asset additions.
Each of these have separate addendum information data fields. It is an additional information field.

2156 I NTANGIBLE ASSETS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Intangible assets additions due to revaluation
Field : intangible_ast_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores that value of the intangible assets which was created due to revaluation during the accounting
period.

A DDITIONS TO INTANGIBLE ASSETS DURING THE YEAR DUE TO CURRENCY TRANSLATION / RESTATEMENT
DIFFERENCES 2157

Indicator : Additions to intangible assets during the year due to currency
Field : tot_intng_asst_addn_yr_curr_transl_diff
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An asset, whether tangible or intangible, can be acquired by paying or committing to pay for it in a foreign currency.
According to Ind AS 21, ’The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates’, non-monetary items carried at fair
value should be reported at rate as on valuation date. This particular type of transaction gives rise to translation
differences.
This data field captures increase in the value of intangible assets due to foreign currency translation and restate-
ments.

2158 T OTAL DEDUCTIONS FROM INTANGIBLE ASSETS DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Total deductions from intangible assets during the year
Field : gross_intangible_assets_tot_del
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures total deductions in the value of intangible assets plants during the year. Deductions could
arise on account of sale, disposal of subsidiary, transfers out from intangible assets as held for sale, revaluation,
currency translation etc. It excludes decrease in value of assets arising out of amortisation and impairment losses.

I NTANGIBLE ASSETS DEDUCTIONS 2159

Indicator : Intangible assets deductions
Field : intangible_ast_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
In the ’schedule of fixed assets’ of a company, the value of gross fixed assets at the end of any given year is
computed by taking the value of gross fixed assets at the beginning of a year and adding to it the value of additions
made during the year (assets acquired) and deducting the value of assets sold/disposed off during a year. This data
field captures the value of all deductions from intangible fixed assets during an accounting period, as mentioned in
the equation mentioned above.
This data field captures the value of all deductions made from the value of gross block of fixed assets at the
beginning of a year, in order to arrive at the value of gross block of fixed assets at the end of the same year. It
effectively is the sum of the historical cost of all fixed assets that have been sold/disposed off during a year. It is
computed as the sum of three data fields, namely ’goodwill deductions’, ’software deductions’ and ’other intangible
asset deductions’.

2160 D EDUCTION FROM INTANGIBLE ASSETS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Deduction from intangible assets due to revaluation
Field : tot_intng_asst_del_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of intangible assets reduced due to revaluation during an accounting period.

D EDUCTIONS FROM INTANGIBLE ASSETS DURING THE YEAR DUE TO CURRENCY
TRANSLATION / RESTATEMENT DIFFERENCES 2161

Indicator : Deductions from intangible assets during the year due to currency
Field : tot_intng_asst_del_yr_curr_transl_diff
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An asset, whether tangible or intangible, can be acquired by paying or committing to pay for it in a foreign currency.
According to Ind AS 21, ’The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates’, non-monetary items carried at fair
value should be reported at rate as on valuation date. This particular type of transaction gives rise to translation
differences.
This data field captures decrease in the value of intangible assets due to foreign currency translation and restate-
ments.

2162 T RANSFERS FROM INTANGIBLE ASSETS INTO NON - CURRENT ASSET HELD FOR SALE

Indicator : Transfers from intangible assets into non-current asset held for sale
Field : trf_from_tot_intng_asst_ncast_held_for_sale
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
According to Ind AS 105 on Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, non-current assets (or
disposal groups) whose value will be recovered principally through sale rather than through continuing use shall
be presented separately in the balance sheet, Due to this requirement, such assets are deducted from the respective
group and are shown separately by Indian entities.
This data field captures deduction on account of such transfers from intangible assets into assets held for sale.

C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON INTANGIBLE ASSETS 2163

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on intangible assets
Field : intangible_ast_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
In the ’schedule of fixed assets’ of a company, the value of a company’s net fixed assets at the end of any given
year is computed by deducting the aggregate value of depreciation accumulated on the said assets since the time it
first entered the company’s books, from the value of the gross block of fixed assets at the end of such a year. This
data field captures the value of the total depreciation accumulated on a company’s intangible fixed assets upto the
financial year being observed.
This data field captures the aggregate of the values of accumulated amortisation of goodwill, and accumulated
depreciation in the value of software or other intangible assets, right from inception or entry of the said assets in
the books of accounts till the end of the accounting period being observed.

2164 D EPRECIATION ON INTANGIBLE ASSETS FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Depreciation on intangible assets for the year
Field : intangible_ast_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total depreciation and amortisation during the year of all the intangible assets owned by the
company. It includes amortisation of goodwill and the depreciation in the value of software or in other intangible
assets during an accounting period.

G OODWILL , NET 2165

Indicator : Goodwill, net
Field : net_goodwill
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Goodwill is an intangible asset that is reported by companies, usually upon takeovers or amalgamations. It is
also seen in cases of capitalisation of expenses or consolidation of accounts. A goodwill asset is created when
the company pays a goodwill amount to a target entity whose assets are being taken over or amalgamated by the
company.
Different Accouting Standards govern different aspects of goodwill. For example, under I-GAAP, AS-26 on ’Intan-
gible Assets’ states that an entity should not recognise internally generated goodwill. As per the standard, internally
generated goodwill should not be recognised as an asset because the same is not a type of resource that is controlled
by the enterprise, neither can it be measured reliably. Further, goodwill arising on amalgamations and goodwill
arising on consolidations is governed by AS-14 and AS-21 respectively. According to AS-21, ’Consolidated Fi-
nancial Statements’, any excess of the cost to the parent over its portion of equity of the subsidiary, as on the date of
investment is recognised as goodwill; and according to AS-14, ’Accounting for Amalgamations’ , goodwill arising
on amalgamation is amortised over its useful life, which is taken as five years unless a longer period can be justi-
fied. The treatment of goodwill, however, is considerably different as per Indian Accounting Standards. As against
amortisation, Ind AS-36 and Ind AS-3 require annual impairment testing for goodwill, whether or not, acquired in
a business combination.
This data field stores net value of goodwill at the end of accounting period. The net value of goodwill is derived by
deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value.

2166 G OODWILL , GROSS

Indicator : Goodwill, gross
Field : goodwill
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
company.
This data field captures the gross value of goodwill of a company on the last day of the accounting period.

G OODWILL ADDITIONS 2167

Indicator : Goodwill additions
Field : goodwill_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
company.
This data field captures all the additions to goodwill during an accounting period except additions on account of
revaluation and currency translation. Most commonly, this field will include additions on account of purchases
made during the year. However, other types of additions also form part of this data field.

2168 G OODWILL ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Goodwill additions due to revaluation
Field : goodwill_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
company.
This data field captures the value of goodwill created due to revaluation during an accounting period.

G OODWILL DEDUCTIONS 2169

Indicator : Goodwill deductions
Field : goodwill_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
company.
This data field captures deductions in the value of goodwill during the year except deductions on account of revalua-
tion and currency translation. It excludes decrease in value of such assets arising out of amortisation and impairment
losses.

2170 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON GOODWILL

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on goodwill
Field : goodwill_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
company.
This data field captures the value of cumulative amortisation accumulated on goodwill till the end of the accounting
period.

D EPRECIATION ON GOODWILL FOR THE YEAR 2171

Indicator : Depreciation on goodwill for the year
Field : goodwill_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
company.
This data field captures amortisation on goodwill for the current accounting year.

2172 S OFTWARE , NET

Indicator : Software, net
Field : net_sw
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of the software assets of the company at the end of the accounting period.
The net value of software assets is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value of software
assets.

S OFTWARE , GROSS 2173

Indicator : Software, gross
Field : software
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of software of a company on the last day of the accounting period.
Software is a computer program, which provides the instructions that drive the computer hardware to work.
This is the gross value at the end of the accounting period adjusted for any addition or deduction during the year
by way of purchases, sale, revaluation, impairment, acquisition, de-merger, etc.

2174 S OFTWARE ADDITIONS

Indicator : Software additions
Field : sw_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the additions to software assets during an accounting period.
It includes additions due to purchase of additional software or even modifications to old software, if such modifi-
cations are capitalised by the company.

S OFTWARE ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION 2175

Indicator : Software additions due to revaluation
Field : sw_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of a gross software assets created due to revaluation during an accounting period.

2176 S OFTWARE DEDUCTIONS

Indicator : Software deductions
Field : sw_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the deduction or reduction in software assets during an accounting period.
Such reductions could arise because of impairment or the sale of the software asset or writing off of software when
its written down value becomes zero.

C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON SOFTWARE 2177

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on software
Field : sw_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on software assets till the end of the accounting
period.

2178 D EPRECIATION ON SOFTWARE FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Depreciation on software for the year
Field : sw_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount of software assets amortised during an accounting period.

M INING RIGHTS , NET 2179

Indicator : Mining rights, net
Field : net_mining_rights_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Mining right is right granted to occupy land for purpose of mining. In other words, it is a legal right to explore the
specified area and exploit any mineral deposits within it. The companies engaged in mining operations capitalise
the expenditure incurred on procurement of mining rights. Further, Schedule III to Companies Act, 2013 classifies
mining rights under intangible assets.
As per Ind AS 106, ’Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources’, expenditures incurred before the entity
has obtained the legal rights to explore a specific area as well as expenditure incurred after the technical feasibility
and commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource are demonstrable are not covered by the standard. Some
of the examples covered by the standard include acquisition of rights to explore, exploratory drilling, trenching,
sampling, activities in relation to evaluating the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a min-
eral resource etc. The standard provides for classification of exploration and evaluation assets into tangible or
intangible. Prowess database has a separate field for such assets under intangibles.
This data field stores net value of mining rights and intangible exploration and evaluation assets at the end of
accounting period. The net value of mining rights is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross
value.
For example, for Steel Authority of India, as at the year ended March 2016, the net value of mining rights is
Rs. 15,401.20 million; gross value and cumulative depreciation being Rs. 18,032.60 million and 2,631.40 million
respectively.

2180 M INING RIGHTS , GROSS

Indicator : Mining rights, gross
Field : mining_rights_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the gross value of mining rights and intangible exploration and evaluation assets of a
company on the last day of the accounting period. It is adjusted for any addition or deduction during the year by
way of purchases, sale, revaluation etc.

M INING RIGHTS ADDITIONS 2181

Indicator : Mining rights additions
Field : mining_rights_addn_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures all the additions to mining rights and intangible exploration and evaluation assets during an
accounting period except additions on account of revaluation and currency translation. Most commonly, this field
will include additions on account of purchases made during the year. However, other types of additions also form
part of this data field.
For example, Ultratech Cement had a gross block of mining rights worth Rs. 48.25 million as on March 2013
which went up by Rs. 44.23 million during the year on account of additions, resulting in a gross block of Rs. 92.48
million as on March 2014. Whereas, Orient Cement acquired mining rights worth Rs. 131.50 million pursuant to
scheme of arrangement in the year 2013 which is also captured in this data field.

2182 M INING RIGHTS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Mining rights additions due to revaluation
Field : mining_rights_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of mining rights and intangible exploration and evaluation assets created due to
revaluation during an accounting period.

M INING RIGHTS DEDUCTIONS 2183

Indicator : Mining rights deductions
Field : mining_rights_del_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures deductions in the value of mining rights and intangible exploration and evaluation assets
during the year except deductions on account of revaluation and currency translation. Deductions could arise
on account of sale, disposal of subsidiary, transfers out from intangible exploration and evaluation assets etc. It
excludes decrease in value of such assets arising out of amortisation and impairment losses.
For example, Tata Steel in the year 2016 has scrapped / surrendered mines worth Rs. 54.70 million.

2184 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON M INING RIGHTS

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on Mining rights
Field : mining_rights_cum_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of cumulative amortisation accumulated on mining rights and intangible explo-
ration and evaluation assets till the end of the accounting period.

D EPRECIATION ON MINING RIGHTS ETC FOR THE YEAR 2185

Indicator : Depreciation on mining rights etc for the year
Field : mining_rights_dep_for_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures amortisation on mining rights and intangible exploration and evaluation assets for the
current accounting year.

2186 L ICENSES & TRADE RELATED RIGHTS , NET

Indicator : Licenses & trade related rights, net
Field : net_licence_rights_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A license is a contract that grants someone the right to legally use someone else’s intellectual property, goods,
brand name, trademark etc. In the modern times, most common example of a license a business might purchase is
for software.
Type of license depends on the parties to the contract as well as the nature of rights transferred under the contract.
Widely known types of licenses are franchise licenses, government licenses and software licenses. The purchaser of
a franchise license receives the right to sell certain products or services and to use certain trademarks or trade names.
The purchaser of a government license receives the right to engage in regulated business activities. Similarly, the
purchaser of a software license receives the right to use one or more copies of the software without violating
copyrights.
Apart from licenses, companies enter into various agreements for the purpose of transfer of trade related rights. For
example, infrastructure companies possessing rights to collect tolls.
This data field stores net value of licenses and trade related rights at the end of accounting period. The net value of
licenses and trade related rights is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value.
For example, as on March 2015, a telecom player like Bharti Airtel owns net spectrum licenses worth Rs. 2,58,009
million and DLF owns net ’Rights under built, operate and transfer project’ worth Rs. 1,973.60 million. Both will
reflect in this data field.

L ICENSES & TRADE RELATED RIGHTS , GROSS 2187

Indicator : Licenses & trade related rights, gross
Field : licence_rights_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for software.
copyrights.
This data field captures the gross value of licenses and trade related rights of a company on the last day of the
accounting period. It is adjusted for any addition or deduction during the year by way of purchases, sale, revaluation
etc.
For example, DLF had gross trade rights worth Rs. 774.70 million as on March 2012, which saw a sharp rise during
the year 2013 due to additions, resulting into a gross value of Rs. 2,046.70 million for the year ended March 2013.

2188 L ICENSES & TRADE RELATED RIGHTS ADDITIONS

Indicator : Licenses & trade related rights additions
Field : licence_rights_addn_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for software.
copyrights.
This data field captures all the additions to licenses and trade related rights during an accounting period except
additions on account of revaluation and currency translation. Most commonly, this field will include additions on
account of purchases made during the year. However, other types of additions also form part of this data field.
For example, Eros International Media purchased film rights amounting to Rs. 5,057 million during the year 2014.
However, for the company Mumbai Nasik Expressway Limited, expenditure incurred in relation to rights to toll
roads are transferred from WIP to licenses and rights from time to time; therefore for the period ended December
2013, there are additions of Rs. 71.10 million on account of such transfer captured in this data field.

L ICENSES & TRADE RELATED RIGHTS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION 2189

Indicator : Licenses & trade related rights additions due to revaluation
Field : licence_rights_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for software.
copyrights.
This data field captures the value of licenses and trade related rights created due to revaluation during an accounting
period.

2190 L ICENSES & TRADE RELATED RIGHTS DEDUCTIONS

Indicator : Licenses & trade related rights deductions
Field : licence_rights_del_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for software.
copyrights.
This data field captures deductions in the value of licenses and trade related rights during the year except deduc-
tions on account of revaluation and currency translation. Deductions could arise on account of sale, disposal of
subsidiary, transfers out from licenses and trade related rights etc. It excludes decrease in value of such assets
arising out of amortisation and impairment losses.

C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON L ICENSES & TRADE RELATED RIGHTS 2191

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on Licenses & trade related rights
Field : licence_rights_cum_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for software.
copyrights.
This data field captures the value of cumulative amortisation accumulated on licenses and trade related rights till
the end of the accounting period.

2192 D EPRECIATION ON L ICENSES & TRADE RELATED RIGHTS

Indicator : Depreciation on Licenses & trade related rights
Field : licence_rights_dep_for_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
for software.
copyrights.
This data field captures amortisation on licenses and trade related rights for the current accounting year.

B RANDS & TRADEMARK , NET 2193

Indicator : Brands & trademark, net
Field : net_brand_trademark_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Brands and trademarks are one of the most valuable intangible assets that are held by business entities. More often
than not, brand names are looked at as the sole representatives of entity’s image in the market.
Assets held by companies in the nature of brands and trademarks cannot always be entirely separated from each
other. In fact, these two terms are very closely related. While a brand is a symbol, mark, logo, name, word, graphic,
or even a sentence, or any combination of these items used to distinguish the company’s product from that of its
competitors; a trademark is a way for legally protecting these brands from copy.
This data field stores net value of brands and trademarks at the end of accounting period. The net value of Brands
and trademarks is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value.
For example, Asian Paints holds acquired trademarks worth Rs. 5.60 million for its brand as on March 2017.
Further, telecom player Reliance Communications owns net brand licences worth Rs. 440 million for brands like
Reliance Mobile and Reliance Hello among others as on March 2016.

2194 B RANDS & TRADEMARK , GROSS

Indicator : Brands & trademark, gross
Field : brand_trademark_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the gross value of brands and trademarks of a company on the last day of the accounting
period. It is adjusted for any addition or deduction during the year by way of purchases, sale, revaluation etc.

B RANDS & TRADEMARK ADDITIONS 2195

Indicator : Brands & trademark additions
Field : brand_trademark_addn_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures all the additions to brands and trademarks during an accounting period except additions on
account of revaluation and currency translation. Most commonly, this field will include additions on account of
purchases made during the year. However, other types of additions also form part of this data field.
For example, Emami limited had gross brands and trademarks worth Rs. 278.50 million as at the end of the year
March 2015 which shooted up to become Rs. 16,932.50 million as at the year ended March 2016. The addition of
Rs. 16,654 million on account of acquisition of business is captured in this data field.

2196 B RANDS & TRADEMARK ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Brands & trademark additions due to revaluation
Field : brand_trademark_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of brands and trademarks created due to revaluation during an accounting period.

B RANDS & TRADEMARK DEDUCTIONS 2197

Indicator : Brands & trademark deductions
Field : brand_trademark_del_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures deductions in the value of brands and trademarks during the year except deductions on
account of revaluation and currency translation. Deductions could arise on account of sale, disposal of subsidiary
etc. It excludes decrease in value of such assets arising out of amortisation and impairment losses.

2198 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON B RANDS & TRADEMARK

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on Brands & trademark
Field : brand_trademark_cum_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of cumulative amortisation accumulated on brands and trademarks till the end of
the accounting period.

D EPRECIATION ON B RANDS & TRADEMARK 2199

Indicator : Depreciation on Brands & trademark
Field : brand_trademark_dep_for_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures amortisation on brands and trademarks for the current accounting year.

2200 PATENTS & COPYRIGHTS , NET

Indicator : Patents & copyrights, net
Field : net_patent_copyright_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Copyright refers to a legal right that the owner of the intellectual property has to protect the property from copy.
Copyrights are commonly used as a tool to prevent unauthorised duplication in areas like computer software, art,
literature, architecture, films, website etc. On the similar lines, patents refer to exclusive right enjoyed by the holder
over a process, design or formula for a specified period of time.
This data field stores net value of patents and copyrights at the end of accounting period. The net value of patents
and copyrights is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value.

PATENTS & COPYRIGHTS , GROSS 2201

Indicator : Patents & copyrights, gross
Field : patent_copyright_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the gross value of patents and copyrights of a company on the last day of the accounting

2202 PATENTS & COPYRIGHTS ADDITIONS

Indicator : Patents & copyrights additions
Field : patent_copyright_addn_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures all the additions to patents and copyrights during an accounting period except additions on

PATENTS & COPYRIGHTS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION 2203

Indicator : Patents & copyrights additions due to revaluation
Field : patent_copyright_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of patents and copyrights created due to revaluation during an accounting period.

2204 PATENTS & COPYRIGHTS DEDUCTIONS

Indicator : Patents & copyrights deductions
Field : patent_copyright_del_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures deductions in the value of patents and copyrights during the year except deductions on
account of revaluation and currency translation. Deductions could arise on account of sale, disposal of subsidiary
etc. It excludes decrease in value of such assets arising out of amortisation and impairment losses.

C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON PATENTS & COPYRIGHTS CUMULATIVE 2205

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on Patents & copyrights cumulative
Field : patent_copyright_cum_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of cumulative amortisation accumulated on patents and copyrights till the end of

2206 D EPRECIATION ON PATENTS & COPYRIGHTS

Indicator : Depreciation on Patents & copyrights
Field : patent_copyright_dep_for_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures amortisation on patents and copyrights for the current accounting year.

T ECHNICAL KNOWHOW INCL . PRODUCT DESIGNS / FORMULAE ETC ., NET 2207

Indicator : Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc., net
Field : net_tech_knowhow_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
If we go by definition of know-how, it means the knowledge and skill required to do something, especially somehing
technical or practical. It is that expertise required to get the job done, which is not a common knowledge. Therefore,
technical know-how means the knowledge regarding the use of specific technology or way of doing something more
efficiently and effectively.
As for the world of businesses, technical knowhow most of the times, takes shape of computer software, technology
development and related knowledge. However, the meaning is not exhaustive and also includes product designs,
formulae, databases etc. For instance, a company like Bajaj Auto possesses technical knowhow with respect to the
research undertaken by it in the automobile industry only, whereas a diversified HUL owns designs and knowhow
with respect to its various brands.
This data field stores net value of technical knowhow at the end of accounting period. The net value of technical
knowhow is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value.

2208 T ECHNICAL KNOWHOW INCL . PRODUCT DESIGNS / FORMULAE ETC ., GROSS

Indicator : Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc., gross
Field : tech_knowhow_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the gross value of technical knowhow of a company on the last day of the accounting

T ECHNICAL KNOWHOW INCL . PRODUCT DESIGNS / FORMULAE ETC . ADDITIONS 2209

Indicator : Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc. additions
Field : tech_knowhow_addn_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures all the additions to technical knowhow during an accounting period except additions on

2210 T ECHNICAL KNOWHOW INCL . PRODUCT DESIGNS / FORMULAE ETC . ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc. additions due to
revaluation
Field : tech_knowhow_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of technical knowhow created due to revaluation during an accounting period.

T ECHNICAL KNOWHOW INCL . PRODUCT DESIGNS / FORMULAE ETC . DEDUCTIONS 2211

Indicator : Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc. deductions
Field : tech_knowhow_del_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures deductions in the value of technical knowhow during the year except deductions on account
of revaluation and currency translation. Deductions could arise on account of sale, disposal of subsidiary etc. It
excludes decrease in value of such assets arising out of amortisation and impairment losses.

2212 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON T ECHNICAL KNOWHOW INCL . PRODUCT DESIGNS / FORMULAE ETC .

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae
etc.
Field : tech_knowhow_cum_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of cumulative amortisation accumulated on technical knowhow till the end of the
accounting period.

D EPRECIATION ON T ECHNICAL KNOWHOW INCL . PRODUCT DESIGNS / FORMULAE ETC . 2213

Indicator : Depreciation on Technical knowhow incl. product designs/formulae etc.
Field : tech_knowhow_dep_for_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures amortisation on technical knowhow for the current accounting year.

2214 OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS , NET

Indicator : Other intangible assets, net
Field : net_oth_intangible_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of the other intangible assets of the company at the end of the accounting period.
The net value of other intangible assets is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value of
other intangible assets.

OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS , GROSS 2215

Indicator : Other intangible assets, gross
Field : oth_intangible_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of all intangible assets, other than goodwill, software and mining rights as
at the last day of the accounting period. The intangible assets that are covered here include copyrights, patents,
trademarks, brands, technical know-how and licences and similar other assets. Business and commercial rights,
forex broking business rights, media rights, distribution rights, etc. are also classified as intangible assets.
CMIE accepts the company’s view on claims of an intangible asset or in valuing it. Companies report patents as
intangible assets at various stages, from those patents registered to those that are pending registrations. CMIE does
not take a view on the appropriateness of the claim. The company’s view is accepted and the value of such assets
is reported in this data field.
Some companies report stock exchange membership as an intangible asset, some report right of way as an intangible
asset. A right of way provides the right to use a piece of land, but does not transfer the land to the company.
However, tenancy rights and mining rights are classified under land assets that are tangible and not under intangible
assets.
While CMIE accepts the company’s view on including an item as an asset, it may re-classify an asset under intan-
gible asset although the company may have classified it as a tangible asset, if the item’s description provided by the
company matches with the description of intangible assets outlined by CMIE. The reverse case also holds similarly
true. That is if a company has classified an asset as an intangible asset, CMIE may classify it as a tangible asset if
the description of such an asset matches with CMIE’s description of a tangible asset.
An asset classified as intangible asset without any further description in the Annual Report of a company, would be
classified as "other intangible assets" in Prowess.
Gross value of other intangible assets at the end of any accounting period is the gross value at the beginning of the
accounting period adjusted for any addition or deduction during the year by way of purchases, sale, revaluation,
impairment, acquisition, demerger, etc.

2216 OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS ADDITIONS

Indicator : Other intangible assets additions
Field : oth_intangible_ast_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the additions to intangible assets other than goodwill, software and mining rights during an
accounting period.
The intangible assets included in this data field are copyrights, patents, trademarks, brands, technical know-how,
licences and similar other assets. Business and commercial rights, forex broking business rights, media rights,
distribution rights, etc. are also included here.
However, this data field excludes additions in other intangible assets arising out of revaluation of intangible assets.

OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION 2217

Indicator : Other intangible assets additions due to revaluation
Field : oth_intangible_ast_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the additions to intangible assets other than goodwill and software during an accounting
period, which is caused by revaluation of intangible assets during the year.

2218 OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS DEDUCTIONS

Indicator : Other intangible assets deductions
Field : oth_intangible_ast_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the deduction of intangible assets other than goodwill and software during a year. Such
deductions could be because of impairment or sale of other intangible assets or writing off of assets when its
written down value becomes zero.
Deductions in intangible assets caused by depreciation, however, is not covered in this data field.

C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS 2219

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on other intangible assets
Field : oth_intangible_ast_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of depreciation accumulated on intangible assets till the end of the accounting
period. It is the total depreciation provided so far on the intangible assets that exist in the books of accounts of the
enterprise.

2220 D EPRECIATION ON OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Depreciation on other intangible assets for the year
Field : oth_intangible_ast_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the amount of depreciation or amortisation provided for on the intangible assets during the
year.

N ET PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2221

Indicator : Net property, plant and equipment
Field : net_ppe
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2222 G ROSS PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Indicator : Gross property, plant and equipment
Field : gross_property_plant_and_equipment
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

T OTAL ADDITIONS TO PPE DURING THE YEAR 2223

Indicator : Total additions to PPE during the year
Field : total_additions_to_ppe_in_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2224 A DDITIONS TO PPE DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Additions to PPE during the year
Field : additions_to_ppe_in_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

A DDITIONS TO PPE DURING THE YEAR DUE TO REVALUATION 2225

Indicator : Additions to PPE during the year due to revaluation
Field : additions_in_year_due_to_reval_of_ppe
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2226 A DDITIONS TO PPE DURING THE YEAR DUE TO CURRENCY TRANSLATION / RESTATEMENT DIFFERENCES

Indicator : Additions to PPE during the year due to currency translation/restatement
differences
Field : addn_ppe_in_yr_on_curr_transl_diff
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

T OTAL DEDUCTIONS FROM PPE DURING THE YEAR 2227

Indicator : Total deductions from PPE during the year
Field : total_deductions_from_ppe_in_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2228 D EDUCTIONS FROM PPE DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Deductions from PPE during the year
Field : dduct_ppe_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

D EDUCTIONS FROM PPE DURING THE YEAR DUE TO REVALUATION 2229

Indicator : Deductions from PPE during the year due to revaluation
Field : dduct_frm_ppe_in_yr_on_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2230
D EDUCTIONS FROM PPE DURING THE YEAR DUE TO CURRENCY TRANSLATION / RESTATEMENT DIFFERENCES

Indicator : Deductions from PPE during the year due to currency translation/restatement
differences
Field : dduct_ppe_in_yr_on_curr_transl_diff
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

T RANSFERS FROM PPE INTO NON - CURRENT ASSET HELD FOR SALE 2231

Indicator : Transfers from PPE into non-current asset held for sale
Field : trf_frm_ppe_to_ncast_hld_for_sale
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2232 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON PPE

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on PPE
Field : cum_depreciation_ppe
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

D EPRECIATION ON PPE FOR THE YEAR 2233

Indicator : Depreciation on PPE for the year
Field : deprec_on_ppe_for_the_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2234 L AND AND BUILDINGS , NET

Indicator : Land and buildings, net
Field : net_land_n_building
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the net value of a company’s fixed assets in terms of real estate holdings and buildings. In
other words, it captures the value of the historical cost of acquisition deducted by the cumulative depreciation till
date, of the aforementioned fixed assets that are in the possession and control of an entity at the end of the financial
year being queried.
Land could be either freehold land or leasehold land. It includes tenancy rights but it excludes right of way, since
right of way is intangible.
The term ’building’ refers to any kind of superstructure which is more or less permanent in nature, and which
occupies a space of land for use as a dwelling, storehouse, factory, office or some other purpose. It includes staff
quarters, township, temple building, etc. Amounts paid towards know-how for the plans, layout and designs of
buildings are also included herein.
This data field captures the net value of the land and building that the company owns or has taken on lease. The net
value of land and buildings is the same as (gross value of land and buildings - cumulative depreciation).

N ET FREEHOLD & LEASEHOLD LAND 2235

Indicator : Net freehold & leasehold land
Field : net_land
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the net value of a company’s fixed assets in terms of real estate land holdings. It captures
the value of the historical cost of acquisition deducted by the cumulative depreciation thereon till date, on land
holdings that are in the possession and control of an entity at the end of the financial year being queried.
The value includes the cost of acquiring the asset and developing it. Land development costs are also included,
provided such expenditure is capital in nature and is not in the nature of maintenance. Leasehold improvements
on land and mine development costs are examples of such expenses. Leasehold improvements are additions,
alterations, remodelling, or renovations performed on a leased property. Leasehold improvements are carried as an
asset that declines in value over time, since the value diminishes over the life of the lease or the improvement.
Leasehold improvements can be on both land as well as buildings. Where the Annual Report mentions ’Leasehold
improvements’ alone, without specifying whether it pertains to land or building, we need to identify the leased
property to which it pertains and the cost has to be allocated accordingly. Thus, leasehold improvements would be
included in the cost of land either if they are specifically reported as "leasehold improvements on land" or if the
company does not report buildings under its fixed assets. Plantations are also reported under this data field.
Land includes freehold land and leasehold land. It includes tenancy rights. However, it excludes right of way. Right
of way is classified as an intangible asset. However, bridges and roads for a roadways or a toll bridge company
are reported as land. Development expenses like prospecting & boring expenses incurred by mining companies are
also included in the cost of land. On the other hand, any superstructure built upon the land is not a part of land
assets; it is included in building.
This data field captures the net value of land holdings that a company has on its books. The value recorded is (gross
value of land - cumulative depreciation).

2236 G ROSS FREEHOLD & LEASEHOLD LAND

Indicator : Gross freehold & leasehold land
Field : land
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the gross block value of a company’s fixed assets in terms of real estate land holdings. It
captures the value of the historical cost of acquisition of land holdings that are in the possession and control of an
entity at the end of the financial year being queried.
The value includes the cost of acquiring the asset and developing it. Land development costs are also included,
provided such expenditure is capital in nature and is not in the nature of maintenance. Leasehold improvements
on land and mine development costs are examples of such expenses. Leasehold improvements are additions,
alterations, remodelling, or renovations performed on a leased property. Leasehold improvements are carried as an
asset that declines in value over time, since the value diminishes over the life of the lease or the improvement.
Leasehold improvements can be on both land as well as buildings. Where the Annual Report mentions ’Leasehold
improvements’ alone, without specifying whether it pertains to land or building, we need to identify the leased
property to which it pertains and the cost has to be allocated accordingly. Thus, leasehold improvements would be
included in the cost of land either if they are specifically reported as "leasehold improvements on land" or if the
company does not report buildings under its fixed assets. Plantations are also reported under this data field.
Land includes freehold land and leasehold land. It includes mining rights and tenancy rights. However, it excludes
right of way. Right of way is classified as an intangible asset. However, bridges and roads for a roadways or a
toll bridge company are reported as land. Development expenses like prospecting & boring expenses incurred by
mining companies are also included in the cost of land. On the other hand, any superstructure built upon the land
is not a part of land assets; it is included in building.

A DDITIONS TO FREEHOLD & LEASEHOLD LAND DURING THE YEAR 2237

Indicator : Additions to freehold & leasehold land during the year
Field : land_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the additions to a company’s land holdings during a year, either by way of an outright
purchase or incidental to a merger or demerger. It is the cost of acquisition of incremental land holdings of a
company during a particular year. All additions to the value of assets in the form of land, except those related to
revaluation of land are captured in this data field. Expenditure made towards development of the land held by the
company is also captured in this data field.
The value of land additions is one of the components added to the gross block value as on the first day of the year
to arrive at the value of the gross block at the year-end. Depreciation for a year is then calculated on the value of
gross block at the year-end (fixed line method of depreciation) or on the net value of gross block at the year-end
and cumulative depreciation (written down value method of depreciation).
Land includes freehold land and leasehold land. It includes mining rights and tenancy rights. However, it excludes
right of way. Right of way is classified as an intangible asset. However, bridges and roads for a roadways or a
toll bridge company are reported as land. Development expenses like prospecting & boring expenses incurred by
mining companies are also included in the cost of land. On the other hand, any superstructure built upon the land
is not a part of land assets; it is included in building.

2238 A DDITIONS TO FREEHOLD & LEASEHOLD LAND DURING THE YEAR DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Additions to freehold & leasehold land during the year due to revaluation
Field : land_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the additions to a company’s land holdings during a year, either by way of an upward
revaluation in the historical cost thereof.
Revaluation is usually done if it is felt that the historical costs recorded (cost at which asset was actually acquired)
does not show a true and fair picture of the balance sheet, by failing to depict the current monetary value of the asset.
For instance, during a period of rising prices, historical costs would generally be much lower than the replacement
price at prevailing rates. In such a case, the asset will be revalued upwards so as to reflect a price closer to market
prices.

D EDUCTIONS FROM FREEHOLD & LEASEHOLD LAND DURING THE YEAR 2239

Indicator : Deductions from freehold & leasehold land during the year
Field : land_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the deductions from a company’s land holdings during a year by way of an outright sale,
disposal, impairment or as a result of a demerger. It is deducted from the gross block value of land as on the first
day of the year to arrive at the value of the gross block at the year-end. Depreciation for a year is then calculated
on the value of gross block value of land at the year-end (fixed line method of depreciation) or on the net value of
gross block at the year-end and cumulative depreciation (written down value method of depreciation).

2240 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON FREEHOLD & LEASEHOLD LAND

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on freehold & leasehold land
Field : land_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Although land is a fixed asset, it is usually not subject to wear and tear or obsolescence. It, therefore, follows that
land is not subject to depreciation. Accordingly, schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 also does not provide
for depreciation on land. However, there might be exceptional cases which warrant depreciation on land, and this
data field exists to capture information pertaining to such cases.
Leasehold land is not owned by a company. However, companies can provide depreciation on leasehold land over
the lease term of the land holding. Depreciation is provided on the non-refundable payment/revalued figure made
by the lessor company to the lessee. Nevertheless, providing depreciation on leasehold land is not mandatory.
This data field captures the accumulated depreciation on land holdings since the procurement of the land till the
end of the current accounting period.

D EPRECIATION ON FREEHOLD & LEASEHOLD LAND FOR THE YEAR 2241

Indicator : Depreciation on freehold & leasehold land for the year
Field : land_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Although land is a fixed asset, it is usually not subject to wear and tear or obsolescence. It therefore follows that
land is not subject to depreciation. Accordingly, schedule XIV to the Companies Act, 1956 also does not provide
for depreciation on land. However, there might be exceptional cases which warrant depreciation on land, and this
data field exists to capture information pertaining to such cases.
Leasehold land is not owned by a company. However, companies can provide depreciation on leasehold land over
the lease term of the land holding. Depreciation is provided on the non-refundable payment/revalued figure made
by the lessor company to the lessee. Nevertheless, providing depreciation on leasehold land is not mandatory.
This data field captures the depreciation on a company’s land holdings during the current financial year.

2242 N ET FREEHOLD LAND

Indicator : Net freehold land
Field : net_freehold_land
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is an addendum information field, capturing the net value, i.e. the gross block value deducted by the
accumulated depreciation of the freehold land holdings in the books of a company. The net value of land assets is
also the same as (gross value of freehold land - cumulative depreciation).
A freehold land holding is one over which the owner wields full and unconditional rights over the property (within
the provisions of the laws of the land). The title to the property vests with the purchaser via a conveyance or sale
deed. There are no restrictions on the rights of the owner to further sell and transfer the ownership of that property.

N ET LEASEHOLD LAND 2243

Indicator : Net leasehold land
Field : net_leasehold_land
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is an addendum information field, capturing the net value, i.e. the gross block value deducted by the
accumulated depreciation of the leasehold land holdings in the books of a company. The net value of land assets is
also the same as (gross value of leasehold land - cumulative depreciation).
In a leasehold property, the owner of land, i.e. a lessor, gives land on lease to a lessee (in this case, a company
showing leasehold land under fixed assets) for a stipulated period. The land ownership rights remain with the lessor.
The lessee might pay a lease premium and an annual lease rent. Since, the lessee does not have a title, in case it
wants to sell the said property, the lessor’s prior permission is required.

2244 N ET MINING / OIL & GAS PROPERTIES

Indicator : Net mining / oil & gas properties
Field : net_mining_oil_gas_prop
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Mining/oil and gas properties comprises of all the expenditure incurred starting from acquiring rights to explore an
area till the time actual production begins.
Mining activities are divided into four phases:
1) Pre-exploration phase,
2) Exploration and evaluation phase,
3) Development phase and
4) Production phase.
Pre-exploration costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
All the expenditure incurred in the exploration and the evaluation phase till the end of development phase is capi-
talised by the entity. Costs incurred after commencement of commercial production are not to be capitalised.
All the expenditure incurred during the exploration and evaluation phase is capitalised under the head ’exploration
and evaluation assets’.
Expenses incurred during the development phase are capitalised under the head ’CWIP of Mining Properties’.
On commencement of commercial production, all the expenditure incurred till the development phase will be
reclassified under the head ’Mining/oil and gas properties’.
This data field stores net value of mining / oil and gas properties at the end of accounting period. The net value of
mining / oil and gas properties is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value.

G ROSS MINING / OIL & GAS PROPERTIES 2245

Indicator : Gross mining / oil & gas properties
Field : mining_oil_gas_prop
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the gross value of mining/oil and gas properties of a company on the last day of the
accounting period. It is adjusted for any addition or deduction during the year by way of purchases, sale, revaluation
etc.

2246 A DDITIONS TO MINING / OIL & GAS PROPERTIES DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Additions to mining / oil & gas properties during the year
Field : mining_oil_gas_prop_addn_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures all the additions to mining/oil and gas properties during an accounting period except ad-
ditions on account of revaluation and currency translation. Most commonly, this field will include additions on
account of purchases made during the year. However, other types of additions also form part of this data field.

A DDITIONS TO MINING / OIL & GAS PROPERTIES DURING THE YEAR DUE TO REVALUATION 2247

Indicator : Additions to mining / oil & gas properties during the year due to revaluation
Field : mining_oil_gas_prop_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of mining/oil and gas properties created due to revaluation during an accounting
period.

2248 D EDUCTIONS FROM MINING / OIL & GAS PROPERTIES DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Deductions from mining / oil & gas properties during the year
Field : mining_oil_gas_prop_del_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures deductions in the value of mining/oil and gas properties during the year except deductions
on account of revaluation and currency translation. Deductions could arise on account of sale, disposal of sub-
sidiary, transfers out from intangible exploration and evaluation assets etc. It excludes decrease in value of such
assets arising out of amortisation and impairment losses.

C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON MINING / OIL & GAS PROPERTIES 2249

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on mining / oil & gas properties
Field : mining_oil_gas_prop_cum_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of cumulative depreciation accumulated on mining/oil and gas properties till the
end of the accounting period.

2250 D EPRECIATION ON MINING / OIL & GAS PROPERTIES FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Depreciation on mining / oil & gas properties for the year
Field : mining_oil_gas_prop_dep_for_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures depreciation on mining/oil and gas properties for the current accounting year.

N ET BIOLOGICAL ASSETS - BEARER PLANTS 2251

Indicator : Net biological assets - bearer plants
Field : net_bearer_plant
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Biological assets in the nature of bearer plants are covered by Accouting Standard 10 and Ind AS 16, both titled
’Property, Plant and Equipment’. These standards divide biological assets into two parts based on their nature;
bearer plants and other than bearer plants.
A bearer plant is a living plant that:
• is used in the production or supply of agricultural produce;
• is expected to bear produce for more than one period; and
• has a remote likelihood of being sold as agricultural produce, except for incidental scrap sales.
This data field stores net value of biological assets in the nature of bearer plants at the end of accounting period.
The net value of biological assets in the nature of bearer plants is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation
from the gross value.

2252 G ROSS BIOLOGICAL ASSETS - BEARER PLANTS

Indicator : Gross biological assets - bearer plants
Field : bearer_plant
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the gross value of biological assets in the nature of bearer plants of a company on the last
day of the accounting period. It is adjusted for any addition or deduction during the year by way of purchases, sale,
revaluation etc.

A DDITIONS TO BIOLOGICAL ASSETS - BEARER PLANTS DURING THE YEAR 2253

Indicator : Additions to biological assets - bearer plants during the year
Field : bearer_plant_addn_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures all the additions to biological assets in the nature of bearer plants during an accounting
period except additions on account of revaluation and currency translation. Most commonly, this field will include
additions on account of purchases made during the year. However, other types of additions also form part of this
data field.

2254 A DDITIONS TO BIOLOGICAL ASSETS - BEARER PLANTS DURING THE YEAR DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Additions to biological assets - bearer plants during the year due to revaluation
Field : bearer_plant_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of biological assets in the nature of bearer plants created due to revaluation during
an accounting period.

D EDUCTIONS FROM BIOLOGICAL ASSETS - BEARER PLANTS DURING THE YEAR 2255

Indicator : Deductions from biological assets - bearer plants during the year
Field : bearer_plant_del_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures deductions in the value of biological assets in the nature of bearer plants during the year
except deductions on account of revaluation and currency translation. Deductions could arise on account of sale,
disposal of subsidiary, transfers out from biological assets in the nature of bearer plants etc. It excludes decrease in
value of such assets arising out of depreciation and impairment losses.

2256 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON BIOLOGICAL ASSETS - BEARER PLANTS

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on biological assets - bearer plants
Field : bearer_plant_cum_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of cumulative depreciation accumulated on biological assets in the nature of
bearer plants till the end of the accounting period.

D EPRECIATION ON BIOLOGICAL ASSETS - BEARER PLANTS FOR THE YEAR 2257

Indicator : Depreciation on biological assets - bearer plants for the year
Field : bearer_plant_dep_for_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures depreciation on biological assets in the nature of bearer plants for the current accounting
year.

2258 L EASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS , NET

Indicator : Leasehold improvements, net
Field : net_leasehold_imprvmnts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An entity makes use of various kinds of fixed assets. While most of these assets might be owned, some of them
might have been taken on lease. Leasehold improvements are additions, alterations, remodelling, or renovations
performed on leased properties. In other words, when a lessee pays for enhancements to properties it has taken
on lease, it is a leasehold improvement, which is considered as a fixed asset eligible for depreciation. This data
field captures the net value, i.e. the gross block value of leasehold improvements after deducting amortizations
accumulated thereon.
Technically, leasehold improvements are amortized, rather than being depreciated, since the actual ownership vests
with the lessor. The lessee is allowed to make improvements by virtue of having an intangible right to use the
asset during the lease term. Leasehold improvements can be on both land as well as buildings. Some examples of
leasehold improvements are cabinets, light fixtures, and window treatments of a retail store in a leased building.

L EASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS , GROSS 2259

Indicator : Leasehold improvements, gross
Field : gross_leasehold_imprvmnts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
performed on leased properties. In other words, when a lessee pays for enhancements to properties it has taken on
lease, it is a leasehold improvement, which is considered as a fixed asset eligible for depreciation. This data field
captures the gross value, i.e. the gross block value of leasehold improvements, before deducting the accumulated
value of amortization thereon.
Technically, leasehold improvements are amortized, rather than being depreciated, since the actual ownership vests
with the lessor. The lessee is allowed to make improvements by virtue of having an intangible right to use the
asset during the lease term. Leasehold improvements can be on both land as well as buildings. Some examples of
leasehold improvements are cabinets, light fixtures, and window treatments of a retail store in a leased building.

2260 L EASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS ADDITIONS

Indicator : Leasehold improvements additions
Field : leasehold_imprvmnts_addn_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
performed on leased properties. This data field captures the value of additional leasehold improvements made by
a company during a year. All additions to the outstanding value of leasehold improvements in a company’s books,
except those related to revaluation are captured in this data field.
When a lessee pays for enhancements to properties it has taken on lease, it is a leasehold improvement, which is
considered as a fixed asset eligible for depreciation/amortisation. Leasehold improvements can be on both land as
well as buildings. Some examples of leasehold improvements are cabinets, light fixtures, and window treatments
of a retail store in a leased building. The value of additions to leasehold improvements is one of the components
added to the opening gross block of leasehold improvements in order to arrive at the closing balance of leasehold
improvements for any given year.

L EASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION 2261

Indicator : Leasehold improvements additions due to revaluation
Field : leasehold_imprvmnts_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
performed on leased properties. This data field captures the additions to the value of a company’s leasehold im-
provements during a year, by way of an upward revaluation in the historical cost thereof.
When a lessee pays for enhancements to properties it has taken on lease, it is a leasehold improvement, which is
considered as a fixed asset eligible for depreciation/amortisation. Leasehold improvements can be on both land as
well as buildings. Some examples of leasehold improvements are cabinets, light fixtures, and window treatments
of a retail store in a leased building.
Revaluation is usually done if it is felt that the historical cost recorded (costs incurred to acquire/construct the
asset) does not show a true and fair picture of the balance sheet, by failing to depict the current monetary value of
the asset. For instance, during a period of rising prices, historical costs would generally be much lower than the
replacement price of certain assets at the prevailing rates. In such cases, assets are revalued upwards so as to reflect
a price closer to market prices. This data field captures the value of additions thus made in order to upward revalue
a company’s leasehold improvements.

2262 L EASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS DEDUCTIONS

Indicator : Leasehold improvements deductions
Field : leasehold_imprvmnts_del_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the deductions from a company’s fixed assets during a year, in terms of leasehold improve-
ments. Such deductions might be by way of an outright sale, disposal, or an impairment or in any other way which
results in the exclusion of the value of such assets from the company’s books. The value is deducted from the gross
block value of the company’s leasehold improvements as on the first day of the year to arrive at the value of the
gross block at the year-end. Amortisation for the year can then be calculated on the value of gross block value
at the year-end either across the estimated life of the asset or over the lease term, as the company’s policy in this
aspect would warrant.

C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS 2263

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on leasehold improvements
Field : leasehold_imprvmnts_cum_amort
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
In the ’schedule of fixed assets’ of a company, the value of its net fixed assets at the end of any given year is com-
puted by deducting the aggregate value of depreciation/amortisation accumulated on the said assets since the time
they first entered the company’s books, from the value of the gross block of fixed assets at the end of such a year.
This data field captures the value of the total amortisation accumulated on a company’s leasehold improvements
upto the current year.
Amortisation for each year is calculated either across the useful life of the improvements, or across the term of the
lease, whatever the company’s policy in this matter warrants. Deduction of such accumulated amortisation from
the gross block value of the company’s leasehold improvements at the year-end gives us the net value.

2264 D EPRECIATION ON LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Depreciation on leasehold improvements for the year
Field : leasehold_imprvmnts_amort_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
In the ’schedule of fixed assets’ of a company, the value of its net fixed assets at the end of any given year is
computed by deducting the aggregate value of depreciation/amortisation accumulated on the said assets since the
time they first entered the company’s books, from the value of the gross block of fixed assets at the end of such a
year. This data field captures the value of the amortisation calculated on a company’s leasehold improvements for
a particular year.
Amortisation for each year is calculated either across the useful life of the improvements, or across the term of the
lease, whatever the company’s policy in this matter warrants. Deduction of such accumulated amortisation from
the gross block value of the company’s leasehold improvements at the year-end gives us the net value.

B UILDINGS , NET 2265

Indicator : Buildings, net
Field : net_building
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the net value of a company’s fixed assets in terms of buildings. In other words, it captures
the value of the historical cost of acquisition deducted by the cumulative depreciation thereon till date, on buildings
that are in the possession and control of a company at the end of the current financial year.
buildings are also included herein.
This data field captures the net value of building in the company’s books. The net value of buildings is the same as
(gross value of buildings - cumulative depreciation).

2266 B UILDING , GROSS

Indicator : Building, gross
Field : building
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Although the term ’building’ is not legally defined in the Companies Act, 1956, in general parlance it refers any
kind of superstructure constructed to stand more or less permanently, and which occupies a space of land for use as
a dwelling, storehouse, factory, office or some other purpose. It includes structures like staff quarters, townships,
temple buildings, premises, civil works, fencing, industrial galas, storage tanks, temporary structures, etc. Amounts
paid towards know-how for the plans, layout and designs of buildings are also included herein.
This data field captures the gross value of buildings as reported by a company at the end of an accounting year.

B UILDING ADDITIONS 2267

Indicator : Building additions
Field : building_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the additions to a company’s fixed assets in terms of building properties during a year.
Such additions can either be by way of an outright purchase or as a result of a merger or demerger. It is the cost
of acquisition or construction of new building properties of a company during a particular year. All additions to
a company’s buildings, except those related to revaluation are captured in this data field. Capital expenditures
incurred on improvements to owned buildings are also included.
The value of building additions is one of the components added to the gross block value as on the first day of the
year to arrive at the value of the gross block at the year-end. Depreciation for a year is then calculated on the value
of gross block at the year-end (fixed line method of depreciation) or on the net value of gross block at the year-end
and cumulative depreciation (written down value method of depreciation).
Although the term ’building’ is not legally defined in the Companies Act of 1956, in general parlance it refers any

2268 B UILDING ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Building additions due to revaluation
Field : building_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the additions to a company’s building properties during a year, by way of an upward
revaluation in the historical cost thereof.
does not give a true and fair picture of the balance sheet, by failing to depict the current monetary value of the asset.
price at prevailing rates. In such a case, an asset is revalued upwards so as to reflect a value closer to market prices.

B UILDING DEDUCTIONS 2269

Indicator : Building deductions
Field : building_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the deductions from a company’s fixed assets in terms of buildings during a year. Such
deductions can be by way of an outright sale, disposal, impairment or as a result of a demerger. The value is
deducted from the gross block value of buildings as on the first day of the year to arrive at the value of the gross
block at the year-end. Depreciation for a year is then calculated on the value of gross block value of buildings at
the year-end (fixed line method of depreciation) or on the net value of gross block at the year-end and cumulative
depreciation (written down value method of depreciation).

2270 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON BUILDINGS

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on buildings
Field : building_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
computed by deducting the aggregate value of depreciation accumulated on the said assets since the time they first
entered the company’s books, from the value of the gross block of fixed assets at the end of such a year. This
data field captures the value of the total depreciation accumulated on a company’s fixed assets in terms of building
properties upto the financial year being observed.
This data field captures the aggregate of the values of accumulated amortisation on buildings, right from the entry
of the said assets in the books of accounts till the end of the accounting period being observed.

D EPRECIATION ON BUILDINGS FOR THE YEAR 2271

Indicator : Depreciation on buildings for the year
Field : building_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the depreciation computed on a company’s fixed assets in terms of building properties
pertaining to the current financial year. Depending on what the company’s policy on depreciation is, it can be
calculated either on the gross block value (straight line method) or on the net block value (written down method).

2272 L AND AND BUILDING , GROSS

Indicator : Land and building, gross
Field : land_n_building
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the gross block value of the real estate and buildings that the company owns or has taken
on lease. In other words, it captures the historical cost of acquisition of the aforementioned classes of fixed assets,
that are in the possession and control of an entity at the end of the financial year being queried.
Land could be either freehold land or leasehold land. It includes tenancy rights but it excludes right of way, since
right of way is intangible.
buildings are also capitalised and added to the historical cost/gross block value of buildings.

L AND AND BUILDING ADDITIONS DURING THE YEAR 2273

Indicator : Land and building additions during the year
Field : land_building_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the additions to a company’s fixed assets in terms of land holdings (both freehold and
leasehold) and building properties during a year, either by way of an outright purchase or incidental to a merger or
demerger. It captures the cost of acquisition of new land holdings, and the cost of construction or acquisition of
building properties during a particular year. All additions to the value of the aforementioned classes of fixed assets,
except those related to revaluation are captured in this data field. Expenditure made towards development of such
assets is also captured in this data field.
Although the term ’building’ is not legally defined in the Companies Act of 1956, in general parlance it refers any

2274 L AND AND BUILDING ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Land and building additions due to revaluation during the year
Field : land_n_building_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the additions to the value of the real estate and buildings that the company owns or has
taken on lease that arises on account of a revaluation in the value of these assets.

L AND AND BUILDING DEDUCTIONS DURING THE YEAR 2275

Indicator : Land and building deductions during the year
Field : land_n_building_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the deductions from a company’s fixed assets in terms of land holdings (both freehold and
leasehold) and buildings properties, during a year. Such deductions might be by way of an outright sale, disposal,
impairment or as a result of a demerger. The value is deducted from the gross block value of the aggregate of the
said assets as on the first day of the year to arrive at the value of the gross block at the year-end. Depreciation for
a year is then calculated on the value of gross block value at the year-end (fixed line method of depreciation) or on
the net value of gross block at the year-end after deducting cumulative depreciation thereon (written down value
method of depreciation).

2276 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON L AND AND BUILDING

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on Land and building
Field : land_n_building_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
entered the company’s books, from the value of the gross block of fixed assets at the end of such a year. This data
field captures the value of the total accumulated depreciation on the sum of a company’s fixed assets in terms of
land holdings (both freehold and leasehold) and building properties, upto the financial year being observed.
Deduction of such accumulated depreciation from the gross block value of the company’s land and building assets
at the year-end gives us the net value of these two asset classes taken together.

D EPRECIATION ON LAND AND BUILDINGS FOR THE YEAR 2277

Indicator : Depreciation on land and buildings for the year
Field : land_n_building_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
entered the company’s books, from the value of the gross block of fixed assets at the end of such a year. This data
field captures the value of depreciation calculated on a company’s land (both freehold and leasehold) and building
assets taken together during a particular year.
A company might calculate depreciation on its assets either at a fixed rate on the historical cost (straight line
method) or on the net block value (written down value method), as the company policy in this matter may lay
down. Deduction of depreciation accumulated from the gross block value of the said assets gives us the net value
of these two asset classes taken together.

2278 P LANT & MACHINERY, COMPUTERS AND ELECTRICAL ASSETS , NET

Indicator : Plant & machinery, computers and electrical assets, net
Field : net_plant_mach_computer_elec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The data field stores the net value of plant and machinery, computers and its peripherals and electrical installations,
equipment and fittings as at the end of the accounting period.
Plant and machinery are essentially production facilities, typically for manufacturing goods. All computer hardware
are included in this data field. However, computer software is not part of this data field since it is considered to be
an intangible asset and is captured separately in Prowess.
Electrical machinery includes switchgear, transformers and other stationary plant and wiring, fitting of electric light
and fan installations.
Electrical installations includes electrical machinery, energy saving devices, UPS, generator/ diesel generator set,
transformers, etc.
The net value of plant and machinery, computers and its peripherals and electrical installations, equipment and
fittings is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value of plant and machinery, computers
and its peripherals and electrical installations, equipment and fittings.

P LANT AND MACHINERY, NET 2279

Indicator : Plant and machinery, net
Field : net_plant
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of plant and machinery reported by companies at the end of the accounting
period.
Plant and machinery are essentially production facilities, typically for manufacturing goods.
The net value of plant and machinery is calculated by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value of
plant and machinery.
Examples for plant & machinery are air conditioner plant, furnace, boiler, water pumps, effluent treatment plant
(ETP), water treatment plant, moulds, tools, weighing scale, hydraulic works, construction equipment, medical
equipment and surgical instrument, studio equipment, testing equipment, windmill, moulds, workshop equipment,
factory equipment, etc.

2280 P LANT AND MACHINERY, GROSS

Indicator : Plant and machinery, gross
Field : plant
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of plant and machinery reported by companies at the end of the accounting
period.
Plant and machinery are essentially production facilities, typically for manufacturing goods. Gross value of plant
and machinery represents the total un-depreciated value of the installed plant and machinery as at the end of the
accounting period.

P LANT AND MACHINERY ADDITIONS 2281

Indicator : Plant and machinery additions
Field : plant_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the additions to plant and machinery by way of purchase, development or acquisition during
a year.
However, this data field excludes additions in the value of plant and machinery arising out of revaluation.

2282 P LANT AND MACHINERY ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Plant and machinery additions due to revaluation
Field : plant_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the additions to plant and machinery other than by way of purchase, development or acquisi-
tion during a year, which is caused by revaluation of plant and machinery during the year.

P LANT AND MACHINERY DEDUCTIONS 2283

Indicator : Plant and machinery deductions
Field : plant_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of plant and machinery reduced due to sale or impairment, during an accounting
period.
However, a reduction in the value of plant and machinery arising out of depreciation is not included in this data
field.

2284 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON PLANT AND MACHINERY

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on plant and machinery
Field : plant_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated of plant and machinery from the date of accounting
of plant and machinery in the books till the end of the last accounting period.

D EPRECIATION ON PLANT AND MACHINERY FOR THE YEAR 2285

Indicator : Depreciation on plant and machinery for the year
Field : plant_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the depreciation on plant and machinery during an accounting period.

2286 C OMPUTERS AND IT SYSTEMS , NET

Indicator : Computers and IT systems, net
Field : net_computer_it
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of computers and its peripherals owned by the company or leased by it during
Computer software is not part of this data field since it is considered to be an intangible asset and is captured
separately in Prowess. If a company clubs computers along with any other asset, such as plant and machinery, then
it is separated and reported in this data field.
The net value of computers is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value of computers.

C OMPUTERS AND IT SYSTEMS , GROSS 2287

Indicator : Computers and IT systems, gross
Field : computer_it
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of computers and its peripherals owned by the company or leased by it during
Computer software is not a part of this data field since it is considered to be an intangible asset and is captured
separately in Prowess. If a company clubs computers along with any other asset, such as plant and machinery, then
it is separated and reported in this data field.

2288 C OMPUTER SYSTEMS ADDITIONS DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Computer systems additions during the year
Field : computer_it_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all additions to the assets of computers made by the company during an accounting
year. Such additions may arise due to acquisition of additional computers.
However, this data field does not capture the addition in the value of computer assets of the company if such an
increase is caused due to revaluation. This is because revaluation is captured separately in Prowess.

C OMPUTER SYSTEMS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION DURING THE YEAR 2289

Indicator : Computer systems additions due to revaluation during the year
Field : computer_it_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the addition in the value of computer assets of the company which was created due to revalu-
ation during the accounting period.

2290 C OMPUTER SYSTEMS DEDUCTIONS DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Computer systems deductions during the year
Field : computer_it_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all deductions in the computer assets of the company that were sold or disposed
off in any other manner during the accounting period.
However, this data field does not include the deduction in the value of computer assets of the company caused by
depreciation. This is because depreciation is captured separately in Prowess.

C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON COMPUTERS AND IT SYSTEMS 2291

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on computers and IT systems
Field : computer_it_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on computer assets from the date of accounting of
computer assets in the books till the end of the last accounting period.

2292 D EPRECIATION ON COMPUTERS AND IT SYSTEMS FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Depreciation on computers and IT systems for the year
Field : computer_it_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total depreciation on computer and IT systems owned by the company during an account-
ing year.

E LECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS & FITTINGS , NET 2293

Indicator : Electrical installations & fittings, net
Field : net_elec_install_fitting
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of electrical installations and fittings of the company at the end of the accounting
period.
transformers, etc.
The net value of electrical installations is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross value of
electrical installations.

2294 E LECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS & FITTINGS , GROSS

Indicator : Electrical installations & fittings, gross
Field : elec_install_fitting
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of electrical installations and fittings as at the end of the accounting period.
transformers, etc.
Electrical installations are often reported along with plant and machinery by companies in their Annual Report. If
the electrical installation assets can be segregated then it is reported separately in Prowess. Else, it is reported along
with plant and machinery in Prowess.

E LECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS & FITTINGS ADDITIONS 2295

Indicator : Electrical installations & fittings additions
Field : elec_install_fitting_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all additions to the assets of electrical installations and fittings made by the
company during an accounting year.
transformers, etc.
Additions to the assets of electrical installations and fittings may arise because of acquisition of additional electrical
equipment made by the company during an year. However, this data field does not capture the addition in the value
of electrical installations of the company if such an increase is caused by revaluation. This is because revaluation
is captured separately in Prowess.

2296 E LECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS & FITTINGS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Electrical installations & fittings additions due to revaluation
Field : elec_install_fitting_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the addition in the value of electrical installations and fittings of the company that is caused
due to revaluation.
transformers, etc.

E LECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS & FITTINGS DEDUCTIONS 2297

Indicator : Electrical installations & fittings deductions
Field : elec_install_fitting_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all deductions in the electrical installations and fittings of the company during an
year.
Such deductions may arise due to sale of electrical equipments. However, this data field does not capture the
deduction in the value of electrical installations and fittings of the company caused by depreciation. This is because
depreciation is captured separately in Prowess.
transformers, etc.

2298 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS & FITTINGS

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on electrical installations & fittings
Field : elec_install_fitting_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on electrical installations and fittings till the end of
transformers, etc.

D EPRECIATION ON ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS & FITTINGS FOR THE YEAR 2299

Indicator : Depreciation on electrical installations & fittings for the year
Field : elec_install_fitting_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the total depreciation on electrical installations, equipment & fittings owned by the company
during an accounting year.
transformers, etc.

2300 P LANT & MACHINERY, COMPUTERS AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS , GROSS

Indicator : Plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations, gross
Field : plant_mach_computer_elec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of plant and machinery, computers and its peripherals and electrical installa-
tions, equipment and fittings reported by companies at the end of the accounting period.
Plant and machinery are essentially production facilities, typically for manufacturing goods. While all computer
hardware is included, computer software is not part of this data field since it is considered to be an intangible asset
and is captured separately. Electrical machinery includes switchgear, transformers and other stationary plant and
wiring, fitting of electric light and fan installations.

P LANT & MACHINERY, COMPUTER AND ELECTRICAL ASSETS ADDITIONS 2301

Indicator : Plant & machinery, computer and electrical assets additions
Field : plant_mach_computer_elec_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all additions to the assets of plant and machinery, computers and its peripherals
and electrical installations and fittings made by the company during an accounting year.
Additions to the assets of plant and machinery, computers and its peripherals and electrical installations and fittings
could be the result of purchase of new equipments or acquisition of additional assets.
However, this data field does not capture addition in the value of plant and machinery, computers and its peripherals
and electrical installations and fittings caused by revaluation of assets.

2302 P LANT & MACHINERY, COMPUTER AND ELECTRICAL ASSETS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Plant & machinery, computer and electrical assets additions due to revaluation
Field : plant_mach_computer_elec_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the additions to the value of plant and machinery, computers and its peripherals and electrical
installations, equipment and fittings during the accounting period arising out of revaluation of assets.

P LANT & MACHINERY, COMPUTER AND ELECTRICAL ASSETS DEDUCTIONS 2303

Indicator : Plant & machinery, computer and electrical assets deductions
Field : plant_mach_computer_elec_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the deductions in plant and machinery, computers and its peripherals and electrical installa-
tions, equipment and fittings during an year.
Such deductions may arise either due to sale of equipments or acquisition of assets. However, this data field
does not capture the deduction in the value of plant and machinery, computers and its peripherals and electrical
installations, equipment and fittings caused due to depreciation of assets.

2304 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON PLANT & MACHINERY, COMPUTERS AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on plant & machinery, computers and electrical
installations
Field : plant_mach_computer_elec_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on plant and machinery, computers and its periph-
erals and electrical installations, equipment and fittings till the end of the last accounting period.

D EPRECIATION ON PLANT & MACHINERY, COMPUTERS AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS FOR THE YEAR2305

Indicator : Depreciation on plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations for the
year
Field : plant_mach_computer_elec_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the depreciation on plant and machinery, computers and its peripherals and electrical installa-
tions, equipment and fittings that has been charged to revenue in the current accounting period.

2306 T RANSPORT & COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE , NET

Indicator : Transport & communication equipment and infrastructure, net
Field : net_transport_comm_equip_infra
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of the following three kinds of assets.
• Transportation infrastructure
• Transport equipment and vehicles
• Communication equipment
Firstly, this data field includes the net value of transportation infrastructure owned by the company at the end of the
accounting period.
Transportation infrastructure includes railway sidings, bridges, rolling stock, jetties, pipelines, etc.
Secondly, it includes the net value of transport equipment and vehicles owned by the company at the end of the
accounting period.
Transport equipments includes motorcars, trucks, ships, tankers etc.
And, finally, it includes the net value of communication equipment owned or leased by the company at the end of
This data is usually disclosed by aviation companies, telecommunication companies and software companies. Com-
munication equipments include radars, VSAT equipments, air traffic control equipments, telephone, fax etc.
The net value of transport & communication equipment is derived by deducting the cumulative depreciation from
the gross value transport & communication equipment.

T RANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE , NET 2307

Indicator : Transport infrastructure, net
Field : net_transport_infra
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of the transportation infrastructure owned by the company at the end of the
accounting period.
Transportation infrastructure includes railway sidings, bridges, jetties, pipelines, tube well / bore well, transmission
lines, cable network, water works drainage sewerage, reservoirs, dams, barrage, etc. These are distinct from
transport equipments such as trucks and buses. Transport equipments are captured separately in Prowess and
are not included in this data field.
The net value of transportation infrastructure is derived by deducting the cumulative depreciation from the gross
value of transportation infrastructure.

2308 T RANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE , GROSS

Indicator : Transport infrastructure, gross
Field : transport_infra
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of the transportation infrastructure owned by the company at the end of the
accounting period.
Transport infrastructure includes railway sidings, bridges, jetties, pipelines, tube well / bore well, transmission
lines, cable network, water works, drainage, sewerage, reservoirs, dams, barrage, storage tanks etc.
These are such assets held by the company, which provide the infrastructure for storage and transportation of the
raw materials or the finished products of the company. These are distinct from transport equipments such as trucks
and buses. Transport equipments are captured separately in Prowess and are not included in this data field.

T RANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ADDITIONS 2309

Indicator : Transport infrastructure additions
Field : transport_infra_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all additions to transport infrastructure made by the company during an accounting
year.
Additions to the assets of transport infrastructure by the way of purchase, development or acquisition are captured
in this data field. However, this data field does not capture the addition in the value of transport infrastructure of
the company if such an increase is caused by revaluation. This is because revaluation is captured separately in
Prowess.

2310 T RANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Transport infrastructure additions due to revaluation
Field : transport_infra_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the addition in the value of transport infrastructure of the company that is caused due to
revaluation.

T RANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEDUCTIONS 2311

Indicator : Transport infrastructure deductions
Field : transport_infra_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the deductions in transport infrastructure assets during an accounting period.
Such deductions could be due to sale of transport infrastructure assets. However, this data field excludes the
decrease in the value of transport infrastructure assets arising out of depreciation of assets.

2312 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON TRANSPORT & OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on transport & other infrastructure
Field : transport_infra_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on transport infrastructure by the company till the
end of the last accounting period.

D EPRECIATION ON TRANSPORT & OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE YEAR 2313

Indicator : Depreciation on transport & other infrastructure for the year
Field : transport_infra_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the depreciation on transport infrastructure owned by the company during an accounting year.

2314 T RANSPORT EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES , NET

Indicator : Transport equipment and vehicles, net
Field : net_transport_vehicles
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of transport equipment and vehicles reported by the company at the end of the
accounting year.
These transport equipment and vehicles typically include motorcars, trucks, ships, tankers, Earth Moving equip-
ments, Crane, Dredger, Lift, Forklift, Handling equipment, Escalators, Wagons Locomotives, vessels, etc.
The net value of transport equipment and vehicles is derived by deducting the cumulative depreciation from the
gross value of transport equipment and vehicles.

T RANSPORT EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES , GROSS 2315

Indicator : Transport equipment and vehicles, gross
Field : transport_vehicles
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of transport equipment and vehicles reported by the company at the end of the
accounting year.
These transport equipment and vehicles typically include motorcars, trucks, ships, tankers, JCB machines, Earth
Moving equipments, Crane, Dredger, Lift, Forklift, Handling equipment, Escalators, Wagons Locomotives, vessels,
etc.

2316 T RANSPORT EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES ADDITIONS

Indicator : Transport equipment and vehicles additions
Field : transport_vehicles_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all additions to transport equipment and vehicles made by the company during an
accounting year.
However, this data field does not store the addition in the value of transport equipment and vehicles of the company
if such an increase is caused by revaluation.
etc.

T RANSPORT EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION 2317

Indicator : Transport equipment and vehicles additions due to revaluation
Field : transport_vehicles_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the addition in the gross value of transport equipment and vehicles of the company arising on
account of revaluation of such assets.
etc.

2318 T RANSPORT EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES DEDUCTIONS

Indicator : Transport equipment and vehicles deductions
Field : transport_vehicles_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the deductions in transport equipment and vehicles assets of a company during an accounting
period.
Such deductions could be due to sale of transport equipment and vehicles. However, this data field excludes the
decrease in the value of transport equipment and vehicles arising out of depreciation of assets.
etc.

C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES 2319

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on transport equipment and vehicles
Field : transport_vehicles_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on transport equipment and vehicles by the company
till the end of the last accounting period.
etc.

2320 D EPRECIATION ON TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Depreciation on transport equipment and vehicles for the year
Field : transport_vehicles_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the depreciation on transport equipment and vehicles owned by the company during an ac-
counting year.
etc.

C OMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT, NET 2321

Indicator : Communication equipment, net
Field : net_comm_equip
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of communication equipment owned or leased by the company at the end of the
accounting year.
Data on communication equipments is mostly disclosed by the aviation companies, telecommunication compa-
nies and software companies. Such equipment includes radars, VSAT equipments, air traffic control equipments,
telephone, fax etc.
The net value of communication equipment is derived by deducting the cumulative depreciation from the gross
value of communication equipment.

2322 C OMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT, GROSS

Indicator : Communication equipment, gross
Field : comm_equip
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of communication equipment owned or leased by the company at the end of
telephone, fax etc.

C OMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT ADDITIONS 2323

Indicator : Communication equipment additions
Field : comm_equip_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all additions to communication equipment made by the company during an
accounting year.
However, this data field does not store the additions in the value of communication equipment of the company if
such an increase is caused by revaluation.
telephone, fax etc.

2324 C OMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Communication equipment additions due to revaluation
Field : comm_equip_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the addition in the gross value of communication equipments of the company arising on
account of revaluation of such assets.
telephone, fax etc.

C OMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT DEDUCTIONS 2325

Indicator : Communication equipment deductions
Field : comm_equip_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the deductions in communication equipment assets of a company during an accounting period.
Such deductions could be due to sale of the equipments. However, this data field excludes the decrease in the value
of communication equipments arising out of depreciation of assets.
telephone, fax etc.

2326 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on communication equipment
Field : comm_equip_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on communication equipments by the company till
the end of the last accounting period.
telephone, fax etc.

D EPRECIATION ON COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT FOR THE YEAR 2327

Indicator : Depreciation on communication equipment for the year
Field : comm_equip_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the depreciation on communication equipment owned by the company during an accounting
year.
telephone, fax etc.

2328 T RANSPORT & COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE , GROSS

Indicator : Transport & communication equipment and infrastructure, gross
Field : transport_comm_equip_infra
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of three kinds of assets.
• Transportation infrastructure
• Transport equipment and vehicles
• Communication equipment
Transportation infrastructure includes the gross value of transportation infrastructure owned by the company at the
end of the accounting period.
Examples of Transportation infrastructure are railway sidings, bridges, rolling stock, jetties, pipelines, etc.
Transport equipment and vehicles includes the gross value of transport equipment and vehicles reported by the
Examples of transport equipments and vehicles are motorcars, trucks, ships, tankers etc.
Communication equipment includes the gross value of communication equipment owned or leased by the com-
pany at the end of the accounting period. This is mostly disclosed by the aviation companies, telecommunication
companies and software companies.
Examples of communication equipment are radars, VSAT equipments, air traffic control equipments, telephone,
fax etc.

T RANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT ADDITIONS 2329

Indicator : Transport and communication equipment additions
Field : transport_comm_equip_infra_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all additions to assets relating to transport infrastructure, transport equipment and
communication equipment made by the company during an accounting year.
However, this data field does not store the additions in the value of transport infrastructure, transport equipment
and communication equipment of the company if such an increase is caused by revaluation.

2330 T RANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Transport and communication equipment additions due to revaluation
Field : transport_comm_equip_infra_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the addition in the gross value of assets relating to transport infrastructure, transport equipment
and communication equipment arising on account of revaluation of such assets.

T RANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT DEDUCTIONS 2331

Indicator : Transport and communication equipment deductions
Field : transport_comm_equip_infra_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the deductions in the value of assets relating to transport infrastructure, transport equipment
and communication equipment assets during an accounting period.
Such deductions could be due to sale of the equipments. However, this data field excludes the decrease in the value
of transport infrastructure, transport equipment and communication equipment arising out of depreciation of assets.

2332 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON T RANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on Transport and communication equipment
Field : transport_comm_equip_infra_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on all assets relating to transport infrastructure,
transport equipment and communication equipment by the company till the end of the last accounting period.

D EPRECIATION ON TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT FOR THE YEAR 2333

Indicator : Depreciation on transport and communication equipment for the year
Field : transport_comm_equip_infra_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the depreciation on all assets relating to transport infrastructure, transport equipment and
communication equipment owned by the company during an accounting year.

2334 F URNITURE , SOCIAL AMENITIES AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS , NET

Indicator : Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets, net
Field : net_furn_social_oth_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of furniture and fixtures, social amenities and other fixed assets as of the end of
Furniture and fixtures include a wide array of articles used in business. Typically, these include tables, chairs, cup-
boards, storage spaces, fans and lights, etc. Such articles are used functionally, for convenience and for decorations.
This data field also captures the gross value of certain social amenities such as a community latrine or a canteen or
a gymnasium owned by the company for its employees, etc.
The net value of furniture and fixtures, social amenities and other fixed assets is derived by deducting the cumulative
depreciation from the gross value of furniture and fixtures, social amenities and other fixed assets.

F URNITURE AND FIXTURES , NET 2335

Indicator : Furniture and fixtures, net
Field : net_furn_and_fixtures
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of the furniture and fixtures owned by the company at the end of the accounting
period.
Furniture and fixtures include wide array of articles used in a business. Typically, these include tables, chairs, cup-
boards, storage spaces, fans and lights, etc. Such articles are used functionally, for convenience and for decorations.
The net value of furniture and fixtures is derived by deducting the cumulative depreciation from the gross value of
furniture and fixtures.

2336 F URNITURE AND FIXTURES , GROSS

Indicator : Furniture and fixtures, gross
Field : furn_and_fixtures
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of the furniture and fixtures owned by the company at the end of the accounting
period.
Furniture and fittings include wide array of articles used in a business. Typically, these include tables, chairs,
cupboards, storage spaces, fans and lights, cooler, air conditioner, television, wooden structure, interior decoration,
refrigerators, sanitary fittings, etc. Such articles are used functionally, for convenience and for decorations.

F URNITURE AND FIXTURES ADDITIONS 2337

Indicator : Furniture and fixtures additions
Field : furn_and_fixtures_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all additions to furniture and fixtures made by the company during an accounting
year.
However, this data field does not capture the addition in the value of furniture and fixtures of the company if such
an increase is caused by revaluation. This is because revaluation is captured separately in Prowess.

2338 F URNITURE AND FIXTURES ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Furniture and fixtures additions due to revaluation
Field : furn_and_fixtures_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the addition in the value of furniture and fixtures of the company that is caused due to
revaluation.

F URNITURE AND FIXTURES DEDUCTIONS 2339

Indicator : Furniture and fixtures deductions
Field : furn_and_fixtures_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the deductions in furniture and fixtures during an accounting period.
Such deductions could be due to sale of furniture and fixtures assets. However, this data field excludes the decrease
in the value of furniture and fixtures assets arising out of depreciation of assets.

2340 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON FURNITURE AND FIXTURES

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on furniture and fixtures
Field : furn_and_fixtures_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on furniture and fixtures by the company till the end
of the last accounting period.

D EPRECIATION ON FURNITURE AND FIXTURES FOR THE YEAR 2341

Indicator : Depreciation on furniture and fixtures for the year
Field : furn_and_fixtures_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the depreciation on furniture and fixtures owned by the company during an accounting year.

2342 S OCIAL AMENITIES , NET

Indicator : Social amenities, net
Field : net_social_amenities
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of the social amenities owned by the company at the end of the accounting
period.
The net value of social amenities is derived by deducting the cumulative depreciation from the gross value of social
amenities.
Social amenities include community latrine or a canteen or a gymnasium owned by the company for its employees,
etc.

S OCIAL AMENITIES , GROSS 2343

Indicator : Social amenities, gross
Field : social_amenities
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of social amenities owned by the company at the end of the accounting period.
etc.

2344 S OCIAL AMENITIES ADDITIONS

Indicator : Social amenities additions
Field : social_amenities_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all additions to social amenities made by the company during an accounting year.
However, this data field does not capture the addition in the value of social amenities of the company if such an
increase is caused by revaluation. This is because revaluation is captured separately in Prowess.

S OCIAL AMENITIES ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION 2345

Indicator : Social amenities additions due to revaluation
Field : social_amenities_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the addition in the value of social amenities of the company that is caused due to revaluation
during an accounting period.
etc.

2346 S OCIAL AMENITIES DEDUCTIONS

Indicator : Social amenities deductions
Field : social_amenities_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the deductions in social amenities assets during an accounting period.
Such deductions could be due to sale of amenities assets. However, this data field excludes the decrease in the
value of social amenities assets arising out of depreciation of assets.
etc.

C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON SOCIAL AMENITIES 2347

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on social amenities
Field : social_amenities_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on social amenities by the company till the end of
the last accounting period.
etc.

2348 D EPRECIATION ON SOCIAL AMENITIES FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Depreciation on social amenities for the year
Field : social_amenities_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the depreciation on social amenities owned by the company during an accounting year.
etc.

OTHER FIXED ASSETS , NET 2349

Indicator : Other fixed assets, net
Field : net_oth_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the net value of assets that cannot be classified as intangible assets, land and buildings, plant,
machinery and equipment, transport and communication equipment or furniture and fixtures. The value is captured
as at the end of the accounting period.
The net value of other fixed assets is derived by deducting the cumulative depreciation from the gross value of other
fixed assets.

2350 OTHER FIXED ASSETS , GROSS

Indicator : Other fixed assets, gross
Field : oth_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the gross value of assets that cannot be classified as intangible assets, land and buildings,
plant, machinery and equipment, transport and communication equipment or furniture and fixtures. The value is
captured as of the end of the accounting period.

OTHER FIXED ASSETS ADDITIONS 2351

Indicator : Other fixed assets additions
Field : oth_fixed_ast_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of all additions to other fixed assets made by the company during an accounting
period.
However, this data field does not capture the additions in the value of other fixed assets of the company due to
revaluation. This is because revaluation is captured separately in Prowess.

2352 OTHER FIXED ASSETS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Other fixed assets additions due to revaluation
Field : oth_fixed_ast_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the addition in the value of other fixed assets of the company that is caused due to revaluation
during an accounting period.

OTHER FIXED ASSETS DEDUCTIONS 2353

Indicator : Other fixed assets deductions
Field : oth_fixed_ast_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the deductions in other fixed assets during an accounting period.
Such deductions could be due to sale of such other fixed assets. However, this data field excludes the decrease in
the value of other fixed assets arising out of depreciation of assets.

2354 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON OTHER FIXED ASSETS

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on other fixed assets
Field : oth_fixed_ast_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on other fixed assets by the company till the end of
the last accounting period.

D EPRECIATION ON OTHER FIXED ASSETS FOR THE YEAR 2355

Indicator : Depreciation on other fixed assets for the year
Field : oth_fixed_ast_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the depreciation on other fixed assets owned by the company during an accounting year.

2356 F URNITURE , SOCIAL AMENITIES AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS , GROSS

Indicator : Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets, gross
Field : furn_social_oth_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the gross value of furniture and fixtures, social amenities and other fixed assets owned by the
company at the end of the accounting year.
boards, storage spaces, fittings such as fans and lighting, etc. Such articles are used functionally, for convenience
and for decorations.
This data field also captures the gross value of certain social amenities such as a canteen or a gymnasium for
employees owned by the company at the end of the accounting period.

F URNITURE , SOCIAL AMENITIES AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS ADDITIONS 2357

Indicator : Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets additions
Field : furn_social_oth_fixed_ast_addn
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the additions made to assets relating to furniture, fixtures, amenities and other fixed assets
during the year.
However, this data field does not store the additions in the value of furniture, fixtures, amenities and other fixed
assets of the company if such an increase is caused by revaluation.
and for decorations. Social amenities include canteen or a gymnasium for employees.

2358 F URNITURE , SOCIAL AMENITIES AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS ADDITIONS DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets additions due to revaluation
Field : furn_social_oth_fixed_ast_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the addition in the gross value of assets relating to furniture, fixtures, amenities and other
fixed assets arising on account of revaluation of such assets.
and for decorations. Social amenities include a canteen or a gymnasium for employees.

F URNITURE , SOCIAL AMENITIES AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS DEDUCTIONS 2359

Indicator : Furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets deductions
Field : furn_social_oth_fixed_ast_deduct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the deductions in the value of assets relating to furniture, fixtures, amenities and other fixed
assets during an accounting period.
Such deductions could be due to sale of the assets. However, this data field excludes the decrease in the value of
furniture, fixtures, amenities and other fixed assets arising out of depreciation of assets.

2360 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON FURNITURE AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on furniture and other fixed assets
Field : furn_social_oth_fixed_ast_cumm_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the cumulative depreciation accumulated on all assets relating to furniture, fixtures, amenities
and other fixed assets by the company till the end of the last accounting year.

D EPRECIATION ON FURNITURE AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS FOR THE YEAR 2361

Indicator : Depreciation on furniture and other fixed assets for the year
Field : furn_social_oth_fixed_ast_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the depreciation on all assets relating furniture, fixtures, amenities and other fixed assets
owned by the company during an accounting year.

2362 N ET BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS

Indicator : Net biological assets excluding bearer plants
Field : net_biological_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Biological assets other than bearer plants are covered by Accouting Standard 10, ’Property, Plant and Equipment’
and Ind AS 41, ’Agriculture’ for companies following respective standards for prepararing their financial state-
ments. These Standards apply to account for the following when they relate to an agricultural activity:
(a) biological assets;
(b) agricultural produce at the point of harvest; and
(c) specified government grants.
It is worthwhile to note that biological assets in the nature of bearer plants are considered to be a part of Property,
Plant and Equipment under both the standards. Simply speaking, there is a separate standard governing biological
assets other than bearer plants in the Ind AS regime; whereas, in the absence of a seaparate standard, AS-10 has
made a provision to cover accounting for these assets till such time as an Accounting Standard on Agriculture is
issued.
Annual crops like maize and wheat and plants cultivated to be harvested as agricultural produce (for example, trees
grown for use as lumber) are not bearer plants. Therefore, these plans along with livestock will be captured as
biological assets other than bearer plants.
This data field stores net value of biological assets other than bearer plants at the end of accounting period. The net
value of biological assets other than bearer plants is derived by deducting cumulative depreciation from the gross
value.

G ROSS BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS 2363

Indicator : Gross biological assets excluding bearer plants
Field : gross_biological_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
issued.
This data field captures the gross value of biological assets other than bearer plants of a company on the last day
of the accounting period. It is adjusted for any addition or deduction during the year by way of purchases, sale,
revaluation etc.

2364 A DDITIONS TO BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Additions to biological assets excluding bearer plants during the year
Field : biological_assets_addn_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
issued.
This data field captures all the additions to biological assets other than bearer plants during an accounting period
except additions on account of revaluation and currency translation. Most commonly, this field will include addi-
tions on account of purchases made during the year. However, other types of additions also form part of this data
field.

A DDITIONS 2365
TO BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS DURING THE YEAR DUE TO REVALUATION

Indicator : Additions to biological assets excluding bearer plants during the year due to
revaluation
Field : biological_assets_addn_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
issued.
This data field captures the value of biological assets other than bearer plants created due to revaluation during an
accounting period.

2366 D EDUCTIONS FROM BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS DURING THE YEAR

Indicator : Deductions from biological assets excluding bearer plants during the year
Field : biological_assets_del_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
issued.
This data field captures deductions in the value of biological assets other than bearer plants during the year except
deductions on account of revaluation and currency translation. Deductions could arise on account of sale, disposal
of subsidiary, transfers out from intangible exploration and evaluation assets etc. It excludes decrease in value of
such assets arising out of depreciation and impairment losses.

C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS 2367

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on biological assets excluding bearer plants
Field : biological_assets_cum_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
issued.
This data field captures the value of cumulative depreciation accumulated on biological assets other than bearer
plants till the end of the accounting period.

2368 D EPRECIATION ON BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Depreciation on biological assets excluding bearer plants for the year
Field : biological_assets_dep_for_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
issued.
This data field captures depreciation on biological assets other than bearer plants for the current accounting year.

N ET LEASE RESERVE ADJUSTMENT 2369

Indicator : Net lease reserve adjustment
Field : net_lease_resv_adj
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Lease reserve adjustment arises when a company leases out assets. Such a company has to disclose particulars
relating to lease adjustment account.
The lease adjustment account is an equaliser between the capital recovery inherent in the lease rentals and the
depreciation chargeable as per Companies Act. As the lessor company capitalises the asset, it has to charge off
depreciation in books. This depreciation is as per the prescribed rates of book depreciation under the Companies
Act.
The difference between capital recovery and book depreciation is transferred to the lease adjustment account, which
is also sometimes called lease equalisation account.
The amount in lease adjustment account is added to / deducted from the written down value of fixed assets. Thus,
the value of leased assets as on the balance sheet date will be equal to the capital yet to be recovered or outstanding
principal or the present value of future rentals.
This data field captures the net lease reserve adjustment amount for all the leased assets of a company.

2370 C UMULATIVE ARREARS OF DEPRECIATION

Indicator : Cumulative arrears of depreciation
Field : cumm_arrears_of_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Part II of schedule VI requires that if no provision is made for depreciation by a company, the fact that no provision
has been made should be stated and the quantum of arrears of depreciation computed in accordance with section
205(2) of the Companies Act, 1956 shall be disclosed by way of a note.
This data field captures the amount of arrears of depreciation as disclosed by the company.

P ROVISION FOR IMPAIRMENT AND OTHER DIMINUTION 2371

Indicator : Provision for impairment and other diminution
Field : prov_incl_impairment
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Impairment of fixed assets occurs when the recoverable amount of an asset is less than the carrying amount of the
asset in the balance sheet.
The decrease in the fair value of the asset can be due to damage, absolecence, etc.
When impairment of fixed asset occurs, the company has to make a provision for the decrease in its value in the
balance sheet.
The amount of provision for impairment and any other diminution in the value of assets is captured in the data
field. The amount is deducted from fixed assets to arrive at the value of net fixed assets of a company.

2372 P RE - OPERATIVE EXPENSES PENDING ALLOCATION , GROSS

Indicator : Pre-operative expenses pending allocation, gross
Field : gross_pre_op_exp_pending_alloc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Pre operative expenses are expenses incurred by companies prior to commencement of production. These expenses
are not charged to profit & loss account but are capitalised as pre-operative expenses pending allocation. They are
later allocated appropriately as per the management’s decision. The outstanding amount of pre operative expenses
at the end of the accounting period before deducting pre operative incomes, allocation to fixed assets, transfer to
miscellaneous expenditure or write offs, is reported in this data field. It includes the outstanding amount of pre
operative salaries, pre operative interest expenses and pre operative other expenses.
Companies may adjust the pre-operative expenses capitalised with pre operative incomes or report pre-operative
income separately. Where the opening balance of pre-operative incomes is adjusted with the opening balance of
pre-operative expenses, Prowess includes the adjusted figure to arrive at the gross pre-operative expenses pending
allocation at the end of the accounting period and the pre operative income capitalised during the year is reported
separately.

P RE - OPERATIVE I NTEREST EXPENSES , GROSS 2373

Indicator : Pre-operative Interest expenses, gross
Field : gross_pre_op_int_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Interest expenses incurred before commercial production are termed as pre-operative interest expenses. Companies
generally include the amount of pre- operative interest expenses capitalised till the beginning of the accounting
period under the opening balance of pre-operative expenses and report the pre-operative interest expenses incurred
during the year separately to arrive at the gross pre-operating expenses pending allocation at the end of the account-
ing period.
This data field reports the pre operative interest expense incurred and capitalized by the company during the year.
This amount is included under gross pre-operative expenses pending allocation at the end of the accounting period.

2374 P RE - OPERATIVE EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION , GROSS

Indicator : Pre-operative employee compensation, gross
Field : gross_pre_op_salary_wage_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Salary and other expenses forming part of employee compensation which are incurred before commercial produc-
tion begins are called pre operative employee compensation expenses. Companies generally include the amount
of pre- operative employee compensation expenses capitalized till the beginning of the accounting period under
the opening balance of pre-operative expenses and report the pre-operative salaries etc. incurred during the year
separately to arrive at the gross pre-operating expenses pending allocation at the end of the accounting period.
This data field reports the pre operative employee compensation expense incurred and capitalized by the company
during the year. The amount is included under gross pre-operative expenses pending allocation.

P RE - OPERATIVE OTHER EXPENSES , GROSS 2375

Indicator : Pre-operative other expenses, gross
Field : gross_pre_op_oth_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Revenue expenses other than salary and interest incurred before commercial production begins are called other
pre operative expenses. Companies generally report all pre-operative expenses capitalized till the beginning of the
accounting period under the opening balance of pre-operative expenses and report pre-operative expenses capital-
ized during the year separately to arrive at the gross pre-operating expenses pending allocation at the end of the
accounting period.
This data field reports pre operative expenses other than interest and compensation to employees capitalized by the
company during the year. The amount is included under the gross pre- operative expenses pending allocation.

2376 P RE - OPERATIVE INCOME

Indicator : Pre-operative income
Field : pre_op_inc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Incomes earned before commencement of commercial production are not included as revenue in the profit and loss
statement, instead are capitalised and deducted from the gross pre-operative expenses at the end of the accounting
period to derive the outstanding balance of pre operative expenses pending allocation at the end of the accounting
period.
Companies generally adjust the opening balance of pre-operative incomes with the opening balance of pre-operative
expenses and report the adjusted figure. The amount of pre operative incomes capitalised during the year are
reported separately in Prowess.
This data field reports the amount of pre operative incomes capitalised by the company during the accounting
period. The amount gets deducted from the gross pre-operative expenses pending allocation to derive the net
pre-operative expenses pending allocation.

P RE - OPERATIVE EXPENSES ALLOCATED TO FIXED ASSETS 2377

Indicator : Pre-operative expenses allocated to fixed assets
Field : amt_alloc_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field reports the amount of pre-operative expenditure that has been allocated to fixed assets during the
accounting period. The amount is deducted from the gross pre-operative expenses pending allocation to derive the
net pre-operative expenses pending allocation.

2378 P RE - OPERATIVE EXPENSES TRANSFERRED TO MISCELLANEOUS EXPENDITURE

Indicator : Pre-operative expenses transferred to miscellaneous expenditure
Field : pre_op_trf_to_misc_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Those pre-operative expenditures which cannot be allocated to fixed assets nor charged to revenue in a single year
may be deferred to be charged in multiple years. Such expenses are transferred to miscellaneous expenditure and
written off over a period.
Pre-operative expenses transferred to miscellaneous expenditure during the accounting period are reported in this
data field.The amount gets deducted from the gross pre-operative expenses pending allocation to derive the net
pre-operative expenses pending allocation.

P RE - OPERATIVE EXPENSES WRITTEN OFF 2379

Indicator : Pre-operative expenses written off
Field : pre_op_w_offs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Pre-operative expenses written off during the accounting period are reported in this data field.The amount gets
deducted from the gross pre-operative expenses pending allocation to derive the net pre-operative expenses pending
allocation.

2380 N ET PRE - OPERATIVE EXPENSES PENDING ALLOCATION (C LOSING BALANCE )

Indicator : Net pre-operative expenses pending allocation (Closing Balance)
Field : net_pre_op_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is derived by netting out the pre-operative income from pre-operative expenses. Pre-operative
expenses and income are those which accrue before the commencement of commercial production. Pre-operative
expenses include interest, employee compensation and other expenses. If the details are available, each of these
three are captured separately in Prowess. From the sum of these, pre-operative income and pre-operative expenses
that were either allocated to fixed assets, or transferred to miscellaneous expenses or written off, are deducted to
arrive at net pre-operative expenses pending allocation.

CWIP & I NTANGIBLE ASSETS UNDER DEVELOPMENT ( NET OF IMPAIRMENT ) 2381

Indicator : CWIP & Intangible assets under development (net of impairment)
Field : cap_wip
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of capital work in progress.
Capital work in progress is the value of assets that have not been completely constructed or installed. These are in
the process of being installed or constructed.
Capital work in progress is different from work in progress. The latter represents stocks of raw materials under
various stages of processing; these are in the process of being converted to final goods for sale. Capital work in
progress, on the other hand refers to fixed assets that are in process of being installed or constructed.
Sometimes companies report advances for acquisition of fixed assets/ capital assets or capital advances in the
schedule for receivables. Since such advances are made for the purchase of a capital asset, they are in the nature of
capital work-in-progress. CMIE deducts these from receivables and adds it to capital work-in-progress under this
field.
Sometimes the pre-operative expenditure is capitalised as capital work in progress. In such cases where the amount
of preoperative expenditure included in capital work in progress is not mentioned separately, CMIE reports the
same in the manner reported by the company.

2382 L ONG TERM LOANS AND ADVANCES BY FINANCE COMPANIES

Indicator : Long term loans and advances by finance companies
Field : lt_loan_advance_nbfcs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Loans and advances given by banks, financial institutions, non-banking finance companies, housing finance com-
panies and other financial services companies is captured in this data field. It is the sum total of all kinds of loans
and advances made by finance companies. This data field is applicable only for finance companies and loans and
advances provided by non-finance companies is not included here.
Only the non-current portion of loans and advances is captured here. This is that portion which is not expected to
mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date.

T ERM LOANS ( LONG TERM ) 2383

Indicator : Term loans (long term)
Field : long_term_loan_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Term loans are loans from a bank for a specific amount that is repaid in regular installments over a set period of
time. Such loans usually mature between one and 10 years.
The total outstanding amount of term loans given by financial services companies like banks, non-banking finance
companies are captured in this data field. It includes housing loans. Loans given by non-finance companies are not
included here. Further, only long term loans are included in this data field, i.e. loans that are scheduled to mature
only after 12 months from the balance sheet date.

2384 L ONG TERM HOUSING LOANS BY FINANCE COMPANIES

Indicator : Long term housing loans by finance companies
Field : lt_housing_loan
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Advances given for acquiring a house or development of housing projects, are termed as housing loans. Housing
loans are a part of long term loans.
The total outstanding amount of housing loans given by banks, financial institutions, non-banking finance compa-
nies, housing finance companies and other financial services companies are reported in this data field. It includes
all kinds of loans including for purposes such as home purchase, land purchase, home construction, home bridge
loans, etc. given by finance companies to individuals, corporate bodies, builders and co-operative societies.
Loans given by non-finance companies are not included here. Further, only long term housing loans are included
in this data field, i.e. loans that are scheduled to mature only after 12 months from the balance sheet date.

A DVANCES TO FINANCE COMPANIES 2385

Indicator : Advances to finance companies
Field : lt_inst_inter_bank_advance
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is applicable only for financial services companies. Banks and other financial institutions often lend
to other banks and financial institutions. Such institutional and inter-bank lendings are captured in this data field.
Only the long term portion is captured here. This means institution and inter-bank advances that are scheduled to
mature only after 12 months from the balance sheet date are reported in this data field. Advances that are scheduled
to mature earlier are captured under ‘short term loans and advances by finance companies’.

2386 L ONG TERM ADVANCES AND DEPOSITS WITH GOVERNMENT AND STATUTORY AUTHORITIES

Indicator : Long term advances and deposits with government and statutory authorities
Field : lt_deposits_with_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the advances / deposits that finance companies may place with government authorities or
statutory bodies. Advances / deposits given for a period of more than 12 months are captured here. Short-term
advances / deposits are captured separately.

R ECEIVABLES AGAINST STOCK HIRED OUT ( LONG TERM ) 2387

Indicator : Receivables against stock hired out (long term)
Field : recv_against_stock_hired_for_lt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field is applicable for finance companies that are in the business of leasing and hire purchase. For such
companies receivables against stocks hired out are a part of total assets. The long term portion of receivables
against stocks hired out is reported here. This is that portion of receivables which is not expected to become due
before 12 months from the balance sheet date.

2388 N ET INVESTMENTS IN LONG TERM LEASES

Indicator : Net investments in long term leases
Field : net_investments_in_lt_leases
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field is applicable for finance companies that are in the business of leasing. Such companies are required to
recognise asset given under finance lease as receivable at an amount equal to net investment in the lease, as per AS
19 - Accounting for leases.
The lessor’s net investment in the lease is the present value of the gross investment, which is the total of the
minimum lease payments (plus any unguaranteed residual value).
This data field captures the net investment in long term leases by finance companies. This is nothing but receivables
by finance companies, which are expected to become due after 12 months from the balance sheet date.

OTHER LONG TERM ADVANCES BY FINANCE COMPANIES 2389

Indicator : Other long term advances by finance companies
Field : other_long_term_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field is applicable for finance companies. Loans and advances given by finance companies that cannot be clas-
sified specifically as either term loans, institution and inter-bank advances, advances and deposits with government
and statutory authorities and receivables under hire purchase and lease agreements are classified as ‘other long term
advances by finance companies’ in Prowess.
This data field captures only the non-current portion of other advances by finance companies. This means those
loans and advances which are not expected to become due within next 12 months from the balance sheet date.

2390 OF WHICH 1: SECURED LONG TERM LOANS MADE BY FINANCE COMPANIES

Indicator : Of which 1: secured long term loans made by finance companies
Field : sec_lt_loan_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is an additional information field under the head ‘long term loans and advances by finance companies’. This
data field captures the total outstanding amount of secured long term loans given by a finance company.
Loans and advances that are backed by some collateral such as inventories, receivables or fixed assets or any
guarantee are called secured loans. Loans covered by bank / government guarantees are also secured loans.
Only long term secured loans given by finance companies are captured here. These are loans that are not expected
to become due within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.

OF WHICH 2: UNSECURED LONG TERM LOANS MADE BY FINANCE COMPANIES 2391

Indicator : Of which 2: unsecured long term loans made by finance companies
Field : unsec_lt_loan_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is an additional information field under the head ‘long term loans and advances by finance companies’. This
data field captures the total outstanding amount of unsecured long term loans given by a finance company.
Loans and advances that are not backed by any collateral such as inventories, receivables or fixed assets or by any
guarantee are called unsecured loans.
Only long term unsecured loans given by finance companies are captured here. These are loans that are not expected
to become due within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.

2392 OF WHICH 3: DOUBTFUL LONG TERM LOANS MADE BY FINANCE COMPANIES

Indicator : Of which 3: doubtful long term loans made by finance companies
Field : doubtful_lt_loan_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

OF WHICH 4: LONG TERM LOANS TO PRIORITY SECTOR MADE BY FINANCE COMPANIES 2393

Indicator : Of which 4: long term loans to priority sector made by finance companies
Field : lt_loan_to_priority_sector
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The Reserve Bank of India mandates that banks should lend a certain proportion of their resources to select sectors
- called the priority sectors. The precise list of priority sectors has varied over time but it usually includes agricul-
ture, small-scale industries and exports. Finance companies also report the amount of advances to priority sector,
separately under the schedule of advances.
This data field captures the total outstanding amount of long term loans given to priority sector by a finance com-
pany. This is an additional information field under the head ‘long term loans and advances by finance companies’.
Long term loans are those that are not expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet
date. It thus follows that long term loans to priority sector are those loans which are not expected to be repaid
within 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field is relevant exclusively to finance companies.

2394 O F WHICH 5: LONG TERM ADVANCES BY FINANCE COMPANIES TO PUBLIC SECTOR

Indicator : Of which 5: long term advances by finance companies to public sector
Field : lt_advance_public_sector
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is an additional information field, seeking information on how much of other long term advances by finance
companies have been lent to public sector companies. Just like banks, non-banking finance companies (NBFCs)
also report the amount of money advanced to public sector enterprises, separately under the schedule of Advances.
This additional information field captures the outstanding value of such long term advances made by finance com-
panies to the public sector.
Long term advances are those that are not expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance
sheet date. It thus follows that long term advances to public sector are those loans which are not expected to be
repaid within 12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field is relevant exclusively to finance companies.
Although this field is said to be relevant to finance companies, it specifically pertains to NBFCs. This is because
banks are not required to adhere to the IFRS-based guidelines of the revised schedule VI, and hence they do not
need to classify their assets into long term (non-current) and short term (current) categories. Consequently, banks
are not likely to report ’short term loans and advances’.

OF WHICH 6: LONG TERM OVERSEAS LOANS MADE BY FINANCE COMPANIES 2395

Indicator : Of which 6: long term overseas loans made by finance companies
Field : overseas_lt_loan_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures information on how much of other long term advances by finance companies have been
lent to entities outside India. This is an addendum information field under the head ’long term loans and advances
by finance companies’.
Long term advances are those that are not expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance
sheet date. It thus follows that long term overseas loans are those loans which are not expected to be repaid within
12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field is relevant exclusively to finance companies.
Although this field is said to be relevant to finance companies, it specifically pertains to non-banking finance
companies (NBFCs). This is because banks are not required to adhere to the IFRS-based guidelines of the revised
schedule VI, and hence they do not need to classify their assets into long term (non-current) and short term (current)
categories. Consequently, banks are not likely to report ’short term loans and advances’.

2396 L ONG TERM INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Long term investments
Field : non_curr_investments
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Long term investments include all investments made by a company which are not expected to mature within 12
months from the date of the balance sheet. Companies often make investment in shares, debentures, bonds, mutual
funds, immovable properties, capital of partnership firms, etc. The sum of all such investments outstanding at the
end of the balance sheet date for the long term purpose is captured in this data field. Long term investments in
securities of group companies as well as other companies is included in this data field.
There is one exception. Investments made by investment companies that are engaged entirely, or essentially, in the
business of purchase and sale of securities for making profit from these are not included in this data field. Invest-
ments by such companies are treated as stock in trade and not investments. Investments by all other companies are
Immovable properties held for the purpose of earning rentals or for capital appreciation or both are clubbed under
investments. On the other hand, immovable property held for use in the production or supply of goods or services
or for administrative purposes are not investments but fixed assets.
The total value of long term investments is reported net of diminution in the value of investments. However, their
break-up, in terms of equity shares, debt instruments, mutual funds, etc, is reported on a gross basis. This is the
manner in which information is usually disclosed by companies in their annual reports.
The data for long term investments is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending March 2012, as the
revised schedule VI was introduced for preparation of financial statements by all companies on or from 1 April
portions. Thus, the data for long term investments is available in the balance sheet of companies only from the year
ending 2011-12.

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN EQUITY SHARES 2397

Indicator : Long term investment in equity shares
Field : lt_invest_equity_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the long term investments made by a company in equity shares. The investment made in
equity shares of group companies as well as other companies is included here. Long term investments are those
which are not expected to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
The value of investment is reported gross of diminution in value of investments. In other words, if companies report
investments the net amount after deducting provision for diminution in value of investment then Prowess reports
the gross amount in this data field and the provision is shown separately in the field ‘adjustment to the carrying
amount of long term investments’.
The data for long term investments in equity shares is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending
March 2012, as the revised schedule VI was introduced for preparation of financial statements by all companies on
or from 1 April 2011. The new schedule VI requires companies to segregate their assets and liabilities into current
and non-current portions. Thus, the data for long term investments is available in the balance sheet of companies
only from the year ending 2011-12.

2398 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN EQUITY SHARES OF GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Long term investment in equity shares of group companies
Field : lt_invest_equity_of_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the long term investments made by a company in equity shares of group companies. Long
term investments are those which are not expected to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date.

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN EQUITY SHARES OF OTHER THAN GROUP COMPANIES 2399

Indicator : Long term investment in equity shares of other than group companies
Field : lt_invest_oth_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the long term investments made by a company in equity shares of companies other than its
group companies. Long term investments are those which are not expected to mature within 12 months from the
balance sheet date.

2400 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN PREFERENCE SHARES

Indicator : Long term investment in preference shares
Field : lt_invest_pref_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field captures the investments made by a company in preference shares of group companies and other than
group companies.Long term investment is a investment in which company intended to be invested for more than
12 month from the balance sheet date:
the gross amount in this data field and the provision is captured in other field.
This field represents differently under following scenerio.
Under IGAAP scenario:-In case of separate financial statement,this field represents investment in subsidiaries,
associates, joint venture etc. and investment in other than group companies measured at cost as per AS 13 while
in case of consolidated financial statement investment in associates and investment in other than group companies
are represented by this field. Consolidated financial statement presents assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses
and cash flows of the parent,its subsidiaries and joint ventures as a single economic entity (i.e. proportionate
consolidation method).
Under IND AS scenario:-In case of separate financial statement,this field represents investment in subsidiaries,
associates, joint venture etc. and investment in other than group companies measured at cost or as per IND AS 109
(i.e FVTPL,FVTOCI etc.) while in case of consolidated financial statement this field represents the investment in
unconsolidated subsidiaries, investment in associates, joint ventures etc. accounted for other than equity method
(i.e. at FVTPL,FVTOCI etc.) and other than group companies whereas equity method accounted investment in
associates, joint ventures are captured in "Long term Investments accounted for using the equity method (net of
impairment)".Under consolidated financial statement companies are required to consolidate the financial statement
of subsidiaries as per the requirement of relevant IND AS.However in case of some types of companies (investment
entities) and under some conditions, some or all subsidiaries need not be consolidated as per IND AS 110 "Con-
solidated financial statement".Company reports investment in associates and joint ventures as per equity method of
accounting or other than equity method of accounting( i.e. at FVTPL, FVTOCI etc.) as per the requirements of
IND AS 28 ’Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures’.
Some companies present the investment in preference share by bifurcating it in equity component and debt com-
ponent.For example:- Coal India Ltd. reported investment in preference share of subsidiaries as equity component
and debt component separately in their standalone financial statement of 2016-17 at page 219.Under the process of
normalisation, We capture combined equity and debt component in investment of preference share in this field.
The data for long term investments in preference shares is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending
and non-current portions. Thus, the data for long-term investments is available in the balance sheet of companies

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN PREFERENCE SHARES OF GROUP COMPANIES 2401

Indicator : Long term investment in preference shares of group companies
Field : lt_invest_pref_of_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field captures the investments made by a company in preference shares of group companies and in which
company intended to be invested for more than 12 month from the balance sheet date.
This field represents differently under following cases:
Separate financial statements are those presented by a parent (i.e an investor with control of a subsidiary) or an
investor with joint control of, or significant influence over, an investee, in which the investments are accounted for
at cost or in accordance with Ind AS 109 while under IGAAP scenario these investments are measured at cost as
per AS 13.This field represents investment in subsidiaries, associates, joint ventures, or any other group companies.
Consolidated financial statements are the financial statements of a group in which the assets, liabilities, equity,
income, expenses and cash flows of the parent and its subsidiaries are presented as those of a single economic
entity.Under IGAAP scenario, investment in joint ventures is accounted as per proportionate consolidation method
( i.e. same as per accounting of investment in subsidiaries).Hence this field represents investment in associates or
any other group companies.While in IND AS scenario companies are required to report their investments in group
and related companies in their consolidated financial statement as follows:
Investment in subsidiaries:- Companies are required to consolidate the financial statement of subsidiaries as per
the requirement of relevant IND AS.However in case of some types of companies (investment entities) and under
some conditions, some or all subsidiaries need not be consolidated as per IND AS 110 "Consolidated financial
statement".Investment of preference shares in unconsolidated subsidiaries is to be presented as investments under
financial assets and captured by us in this field.
Investment in associates, joint venture and other related entities:- Company reports these investment in following
two ways as per the requirement of IND AS 28 "Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures".
As per equity method of accounting
Other than equity method of accounting ( i.e. at FVTPL, FVTOCI etc.)
This field stores the investment in associates,joint venture and other related entities accounted for other than equity
method and in which company intended to be invested for more than 12 month from the balance sheet date.
and non-current portions. Thus, the data for long-term investments is available in the balance sheet of companies

2402 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN PREFERENCE SHARES OF OTHER THAN GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Long term investment in preference shares of other than group companies
Field : lt_invest_oth_pref
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the long term investments made by a company in preference shares of companies other than
its group companies. Long term investments are those which are not expected to mature within 12 months from the
balance sheet date.

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN DEBT INSTRUMENTS 2403

Indicator : Long term investment in debt instruments
Field : lt_invest_all_debt_instru
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field captures the investments made by a company in debt instrument.The debt instruments include those issued
by the government (dated securities and t-bills), local bodies and non-government entities (mainly debentures
issued by group companies and other companies).Long term investment is a investment in which company intended
to be invested for more than 12 month from the balance sheet date:
associates, joint ventures are captured in "Long term Investments accounted for using the equity method (net of
Some companies present the investment in convertible debt instrument by bifurcating it in equity component and
debt component.Under the process of normalisation, We capture combined equity and debt component in invest-
ment of debt instrument in this field.

L ONG TERM IN DEBT INSTRUMENTS ( INCL . DEBENTURES ) OTHER THAN GOVERNMENT DEBENTURES AND
2404 BONDS

Indicator : Long term in debt instruments (incl. debentures) other than government
debentures and bonds
Field : lt_invest_debt_instru_excl_govt_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the long term investments made by a company in debt instruments such as debentures,
bonds, secured premium notes, commercial paper, warrants, etc issued by non-government entities. Investment in
debt securities of both group companies and other companies is included here. Long term investments are those
The data for long term investments in debt instruments is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN DEBT INSTRUMENTS OF GROUP COMPANIES 2405

Indicator : Long term investment in debt instruments of group companies
Field : lt_invest_debt_instru_of_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field captures the investments made by a company in debt instrument of group companies and in which
company intended to be invested for more than 12 month from the balance sheet date.
statement".Investment of debt instrument in unconsolidated subsidiaries is to be presented as investments under
method and in which company intended to be invested for more than 12 month from the balance sheet date.

2406 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN DEBT INSTRUMENTS OF OTHER THAN GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Long term investment in debt instruments of other than group companies
Field : lt_invest_oth_debt_instru
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the long term investments made by a company in debt instruments of companies other than
its group companies. Long term investments are those which are not expected to mature within 12 months from the
balance sheet date.

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN BONDS AND SECURITIES OF GOVERNMENT AND LOCAL BODIES 2407

Indicator : Long term investment in bonds and securities of government and local bodies
Field : lt_invest_debt_instru_govt_bond
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of long term investments made by the company in the debt instruments issued by
the government. This includes all levels of government namely, central, state and local. Long term investments are
those that are not expected to mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
Long term investment in bonds and securities of government and local bodies includes bonds issued by the RBI
such as RBI relief bonds, special bearer bonds and national defence bonds. Special fertiliser bonds issued to
fertiliser companies by the government are also reported in this data field even if the company reports the same as
part of its current assets.
However, this data field excludes the investments made in approved securities, such as SLR investments by banks.
This is because they are captured separately in Prowess.

2408 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN DATED SECURITIES AND T- BILLS OF GOVT

Indicator : Long term investment in dated securities and t-bills of govt
Field : lt_invest_dated_securities_govt_tbills
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of long term investments made by the company in dated securities and t-bills issued
by the government. The maturity period of such securities is more that 12 months.
Treasury bills or T-bills, which are money market instruments, are short term debt instruments issued by the gov-
ernment of India. They are presently issued in three tenors, namely, 91 days, 182 days and 364 days. Treasury
bills are zero coupon securities and pay no interest. They are issued at a discount and redeemed at the face value at
maturity.
Dated Government securities are long term securities and carry a fixed or floating coupon (interest rate) which is
paid on the face value, payable at fixed time periods (usually half-yearly). The tenor of dated securities can be up
to 30 years. When the residual tenure or the balance tenure of the dated security in which the company has invested
is more than 12 months, the security is included in this data field.

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN OTHER SECURITIES OF GOVT AND LOCAL BODIES 2409

Indicator : Long term investment in other securities of govt and local bodies
Field : lt_invest_other_securities_govt_lbodies
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of long term investments made by a company in other debt securities issued by the
government and local bodies. The maturity period of such securities is more that 12 months.
The other securities issued by the government and local bodies include government securities, government bonds,
National savings certificates (NSC), Indira Vikas Patra (IVP) certificates, etc.

2410 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN MUTUAL FUNDS

Indicator : Long term investment in mutual funds
Field : lt_invest_mfs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field records the value of investment made by the company in long term mutual fund schemes. Investment
made in mutual fund schemes of group companies and other companies is included here. Long term investments
are those which are not expected to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
the gross amount in this data field and the provision is shown separately in the field ‘Less: provision for impairment
/ diminution in value of long term financial investments’.
Mutual fund can be categorised into equity oriented mutual fund or debt mutual fund and then measured at fair
value through profit or loss, fair value through other comprehensive income . Majorly investment in mutual fund
is classified as FVTPL since there are no contractually specified cash flows arise in case of equity oriented mutual
fund and the amount receivable by the holder on redemption or sale shall be based on the fair value of the underlying
investments held by the fund in equity instruments or debt instrument hence the SPPI (solely payment of principal
& interest) criterion is not met.However investment in the debt mutual fund could qualify for classification into the
’amortised cost’ category. This classification is based on a detailed analysis of facts and circumstances, including
’looking through’ to the underlying investments made by the mutual fund plan and a restriction on the fund’s ability
to buy/sell/trade investments. In the absence of such restriction FVTPL treatment would be required.
In case of companies do not disclose the investment categories (i.e. FVTPL, FVTOCI or Amortised cost) in notes
of investment ,we refer financial instrument disclosure and identify the category of investment only in case when
it is apparently identifiable.When we are unable to ascertain the investment categories, we capture the investment
only in this field.

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN MUTUAL FUNDS OF GROUP COMPANIES 2411

Indicator : Long term investment in mutual funds of group companies
Field : lt_invest_mfs_of_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field records the value of investment made by the company in long term mutual fund schemes run by
an asset management company belonging to its ownership group. Long term investments are those which are not
expected to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
The data for long term investments in mutual funds is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending

2412 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN MUTUAL FUNDS OF OTHER THAN GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Long term investment in mutual funds of other than group companies
Field : lt_invest_oth_mfs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field records the value of investment made by the company in long term mutual fund schemes, other than
those run by an asset management company belonging to its ownership group. Long term investments are those
The data for long term investments in mutual funds is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN APPROVED SECURITIES ( FOR SLR AND OTHER STATUTORY REQUIREMENT )2413

Indicator : Long term investment in approved securities (for SLR and other statutory
requirement)
Field : lt_invest_approved_sec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Approved securities are defined in Section 5(a) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, as those securities which
trustees are allowed to invest in and securities authorised as approved securities by the Central government as per
the Indian Trusts Act, 1882. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) notifies such a list of ’approved securities’, which is
revised from time to time.
Such a list of approved securities applies not only to trusts, but also to banks and financial institutions. Banks are
supposed to adhere to Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) norms laid down by the RBI, whereby they are required to
maintain a certain percentage of their assets in liquid form, in the form of gold or approved securities.
This data field captures investments in approved securities made by a company (essentially banks and financial
institutions) under such a requirement, which are long term in nature. Long term investments are defined as those
which a company is expected to hold for a period of more than 12 months.

2414 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN ASSISTED COMPANIES

Indicator : Long term investment in assisted companies
Field : lt_invest_assisted_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is relevant to development financial institutions (DFIs). It captures the value of their long term
investments in companies that are beneficiaries of their financial assistance, i.e. assisted companies.
Development Financial Institutions (DFIs) are institutions promoted or assisted by the government in order to
provide development finance to one or more sectors or sub-sectors of the economy. They endeavour to provide
financial assistance to companies that otherwise find it difficult to gain access to funding. Their relationship with
borrowers is of a continuing nature, such that a DFI is more like a partner rather than a mere financier.
DFIs provide finance and assistance for certain activities or to certain sectors of the economy, where the risks may
be higher than that what the conventional financial system is willing to bear. DFIs also help stimulate equity and
debt markets by selling their own stocks and bonds, by helping the assisted enterprises float their securities and by
selling from their own portfolio of investments.
Since the mid-1990s, however, the Indian banking system underwent reforms. Consequently, banks became more
diversified and were equipped to manage all kinds of risks. They were encouraged to extend high risk finance
with the support of the Central government, with a view to distribute risks. Since banks are able to raise finance
at lower cost, DFIs were unable to face the competition posed by them. These factors gradually resulted in lower
dependence on DFIs as exclusive providers of development finance. Some erstwhile DFIs like IDBI and ICICI
eventually became universal banks in order to lower their cost of funds and to remain competitive in the term
lending market. Hence, not a single company (on Prowess) has been found to have reported ’investment in assisted
companies’ since the year 2010-11, as compared to ten companies in 1994-95.
DFIs usually report finance provided to companies in need of financial assistance in their Annual Reports as ’assis-
tance to industrial units’, ’loans to industrial concerns’, ’stocks, shares, bonds & debentures of industrial concerns’
and the like.
their assets and liabilities into non-current and current portions. Therefore, investments can be classified on the
basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where an investment is to be held for a period exceeding 12
months, it is classified as a long term investment. This data field captures such long term investments in assisted
companies.

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN OTHERS 2415

Indicator : Long term investment in others
Field : lt_invest_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is residual in nature. It captures a company’s long term investments in investment avenues other than
equity shares, preference shares, debt instruments, mutual funds, approved securities, and investments made by way
of assistance. Such ’investment in others’ is divided into categories like investments made in own debentures &
securities, investments in share application money pending allotment, immovable properties, capital of partnership
firm, associations of persons and bodies of individials, and investment in un-utilised monies of share issues. It
also includes investments in schemes like National Savings Certificate, Kisan Vikas Patra. In other words, all
investments other than those that can be clearly classified as equity shares, preference share, debt instruments,
mutual funds, approved securities for banks, assisted companies are included in this data field.
their assets and liabilities into non-current and current portions. Similarly, investments can be classified on the
months, it is classified as a long term investment. This data field captures such long term investments in others.
This data field has child indicators listed under it for each of the categories mentioned above, namely:-
• Long term investment in own debentures and securities
• Long term investment in share and debenture application money (pending allotment)
• Long term investment in immovable properties
• Long term investment in the capital of partnership firms, AOP, BOI
• Long term investment of un-utilised monies of issue
• Long term miscellaneous investments

2416 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN OWN DEBENTURES AND SECURITIES

Indicator : Long term investment in own debentures and securities
Field : lt_invest_own_sec_deb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies may, at times, purchase securities issued by them. This happens in the case of debentures / bonds
issued by the com pany. A company may buy such bonds from the market before their redemption if such bonds
for example are issued at an interes t rate that is high compared to the company’s perception of the interest rates in
the future. This data field captures the co mpany’s investment into its own securities, if any. The value of investment
is reported gross of diminution in value of investments. In other words, if companies report investme nts the net
amount after deducting provision for diminution in value of investment then CMIE reports the gross amount in
this data field and the provision is shown separately in the field ‘adjustment to the carrying amount of long term
investments.
The data for long term investments in own debentures and securities is available in Prowess only from the financial
year ending March 2012, as the revised schedule VI was introduced for preparation of financial statements by all
companies on or from 1 April 2011. The new schedule VI requires companies to segregate their assets and liabilities
into current and non-current portions. Thus, the data for short-term investments is available in the balance sheet of
companies only from the year ending 2011-12.

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN SHARE AND DEBENTURE APPLICATION MONEY ( PENDING ALLOTMENT ) 2417

Indicator : Long term investment in share and debenture application money (pending
allotment)
Field : lt_invest_share_deb_appl_money
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amounts that a company has spent towards application monies in securities like shares
and debentures, but which have not yet been allotted, i.e. the allotment thereof was pending as on the balance
sheet date. It captures such investments made that are long term in nature. Since the amount has been paid with
the intention of making an investment, it is recorded accordingly and not under loans & advances. This field is
used to capture long term investments in the application monies of shares, debentures and other securities, pending
allotment.
months, it is classified as a long term investment. Long term investment in share and debenture application money
(pending allotment) essentially means that the underlying securities are not expected to be allotted within a period
of 12 months from the balance sheet date under purview.

2418 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN IMMOVABLE PROPERTIES

Indicator : Long term investment in immovable properties
Field : lt_invest_immovable_properties
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of the investments made by the company in immovable properties such as land
and buildings. These are investments and are reported at their gross value net of diminution in value, if any. This
essentially includes only those properties that have been acquired purely for investment purposes. Immovable
properties that are used for business purposes are treated as fixed assets, and not as investments.
months, it is classified as a long term investment. This data field captures the value of long term investments made
in immovable properties like land, buildings, etc, which are expected to be held for a period exceeding 12 months
from any given balance sheet date.

L ONG TERM INVESTMENT IN THE CAPITAL OF PARTNERSHIP FIRMS , AOP, BOI. 2419

Indicator : Long term investment in the capital of partnership firms, AOP, BOI.
Field : lt_invest_cap_of_partnership_aop_boi
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company is recognised as an artificial person. However, it is also a separate legal entity, and can enter into
contracts. However, the objects of its Memorandum and Articles of Association should permit it to enter into
partnerships. Hence, it is possible for a company to become a partner in a partnership firm by contributing to its
capital.
Where a company brings in a certain amount towards capital in a partnership firm, it is shown by such a company as
an investment in the capital of such a partnership firm. Similarly, investments made in the capital of joint ventures
(firm), association of persons (AOPs) and body of individuals (BOIs) is also captured in this data field.
basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where an investment is to be held for a period exceeding
12 months, it is classified as a long term investment. This data field captures the value of long term investments
made in the capital of partnership firms, AOPs and BOIs, which are expected to be held for a period exceeding 12
months from any given balance sheet date.

2420 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT OF UN - UTILISED MONIES OF ISSUE

Indicator : Long term investment of un-utilised monies of issue
Field : lt_invest_unutilised_issue_money
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies raise capital for specific purposes. They can raise cash either through issue of share capital or issue
of debt instruments, or through borrowings. Sometimes, the amount so raised is so large that the whole amount
might not be required to be utilised all at once. In such a case, it makes sense for the company to deploy such funds
towards earning some return, so as to reduce the effective cost of borrowing funds. Such an investment made from
the unutilised monies of an issue to raise capital, is captured in this data field.
As per Part I of Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956, the balance of unutilised monies raised by issue, which
are invested elsewhere has to be separately disclosed in the financial statements.
12 months, it is classified as a long term investment. This data field captures the value of long term investments of
unutilised monies of issues of capital, which are expected to be held for a period exceeding 12 months from any
given balance sheet date.

L ONG TERM MISCELLANEOUS INVESTMENTS 2421

Indicator : Long term miscellaneous investments
Field : lt_misc_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The data field "Long term investments in others" is residual in nature. It captures a company’s long term invest-
ments in investment avenues other than equity shares, preference shares, debt instruments, mutual funds, approved
securities, and investments made by way of assistance. Such ’investment in others’ is divided into categories like
investments made in own debentures & securities, investments in share application money pending allotment, im-
movable properties, capital of partnership firm, associations of persons and bodies of individials, and investment in
un-utilised monies of share issues. It also includes investments in schemes like National Savings Certificate (NSC),
Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP), etc.
This data field captures companies’ long term miscellaneous investments, which includes investments in the afore-
mentioned schemes, viz. NSC, KVP, pass through certificates (PTC), certificates of deposits (COD) and the like.
12 months, it is classified as a long term investment. This data field captures such long term investments in various
schemes, which a company intends to hold for a period exceeding 12 months from any given balance sheet date.

2422 L ESS : PROVISION FOR IMPAIRMENT / DIMINUTION IN VALUE OF LONG TERM INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Less: provision for impairment / diminution in value of long term investments
Field : prov_dimun_in_lt_invest_cumm
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Investments are vulnerable to changes in value. Often, they can diminish in value.
Current investments are required to be valued at cost or fair value whichever is less and hence are automatically
adjusted for any decline in its value.
But long term investments are carried in the financial statements at cost.
Some companies are required to mark-to-market their investments. If upon doing so, they find that the value of their
long term investments has diminished as at the balance sheet date, then a provision is created for such a diminution
in the value of investment. The provision for diminution is made for each long term investment individually.
This data field captures total provision for diminution in the value of all long term investments.
Such diminutions are deducted from the gross investment value and the balance sheet reflects a net investment
value in the investments data field.

B OOK VALUE OF LONG TERM QUOTED INVESTMENTS 2423

Indicator : Book value of long term quoted investments
Field : bv_of_quoted_lt_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Investment in shares, debt instruments and other units which have an official listing on any recognised stock exch-
nange are termed as quoted investments. Thus, quoted investments are those which are traded on any recognised
exchange have a quoted market price.
This data field captures the total book value of quoted investments by a company in shares, debt instruments &
units of group companies and other companies as well as government securities for the long term i.e. for a period
of more than 12 months.

B OOK VALUE OF LONG TERM QUOTED SHARES , DEBT INSTRUMENTS & UNITS OF GROUP / RELATED
2424 COMPANIES

Indicator : Book value of long term quoted shares, debt instruments & units of group/related
companies
Field : bv_of_quoted_lt_invest_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the book value of quoted investments by a company in shares, debt instruments & units of
its group companies for the long term i.e. for a period of more than 12 months.
Quoted investments are those which are listed on a recognised stock exchange and have a quoted market price.

B OOK VALUE OF LONG TERM QUOTED SHARES , DEBT INSTRUMENTS & UNITS OF OTHER COMPANIES 2425

Indicator : Book value of long term quoted shares, debt instruments & units of other
companies
Field : bv_of_quoted_lt_invest_oth_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
other companies for the long term i.e. for a period of more than 12 months.

2426 B OOK VALUE OF LONG TERM QUOTED GOVT. SECURITIES

Indicator : Book value of long term quoted govt. securities
Field : bv_of_quoted_lt_invest_govt_sec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The book value of investments by a company in quoted government securities for a period of more than 12 months
Quoted investment are those which are traded on a recognised stock exchange and have a quoted market price.

M ARKET VALUE OF LONG TERM QUOTED INVESTMENTS 2427

Indicator : Market value of long term quoted investments
Field : mkt_val_quoted_lt_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Since quoted investments are traded on a recognised exchnage, they have a visible market valuation.
This data field captures the total market value of all quoted investments by a company for the long term, i.e. for a
period of more than 12 months. The market value is an on the date of the balance sheet.
The market value of quoted investments is ideally the amount obtainable from the sale of an investment in an open
market.

2428 L ONG TERM TRADE INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Long term trade investments
Field : lt_trade_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the long term trade investments made by a company in shares or debentures of another
company. It means the residual tenure of the long term trade investments in which the company has invested is
more than 12-months.
Trade investments has not been defined under Revised Schedule VI or in Accounting Standards. In general par-
lance, it would mean investment made by a company in shares or debentures of another company to promote the
trade or business of the first company.

L ONG TERM NON - TRADE INVESTMENTS 2429

Indicator : Long term non-trade investments
Field : lt_non_trade_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the non-trade investments with a maturity period of more than 12 months.
This disclosure is mandatory as per Schedule VI of the Companies act. The schedule classifies investments into
trade investment and other investment. These other investments are what is referred to as non-trade investments in
Prowess.
Companies act, however, does not define what exactly are trade and non-trade investments. Companies therefore
rely on general parlance for such classification.
In general parlance, trade investments would mean investment made by a company in shares or debentures of
another company to promote the trade or business of the first company.
Therefore, in general parlance, non-trade investments mean all those investments made by the company that are
not made as part of the business of the company. These are the investments made by the company for the purpose
of efficiently utilising surpluses generated from the business.
Non-trade investments generally exclude the investments made by the company into its business associates, sub-
sidiaries and other strategic business partners.

2430 L ONG TERM INVESTMENT OUTSIDE I NDIA

Indicator : Long term investment outside India
Field : lt_invest_abroad
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of all of a company’s investments that have been made outside India, which
are long term in nature. In other words, it captures the value of a company’s overseas long term investments.
Long term investments are those which are expected to be held by a company for at least 12 months from any
given balance sheet date. Such overseas investments could be in the form of equity shares, preference shares,
debt instruments, mutual funds, and other investment such as immovable properties, capital in partnership firms,
investment in subsidiaries or in a joint venture, etc. It is an addendum information field.
As per the guidelines of the revised Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, companies are required to make a
clear demarcation between current and non-current portions of their assets and liabilities. Similarly, investments
can be classified on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where an investment is to be held for
a period exceeding 12 months, it is classified as a long term investment. Although this is an addendum information
field, it features under the non-current assets section of financial information in Prowess. This field reports the
value of such long term investments held by a company, but which have been made in entities or investment
avenues outside India.

OF WHICH : L ONG TERM OVERSEAS INVESTMENTS IN GROUP COMPANIES 2431

Indicator : Of which: Long term overseas investments in group companies
Field : lt_invest_abroad_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The book value of all long term investments in shares and bonds of group companies which are located outside
India are repor ted in this data field.

2432 L ONG TERM I NVESTMENT LODGED AS SECURITY

Indicator : Long term Investment lodged as security
Field : lt_invest_lodged_as_guarantee
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Secured loans are those which are backed by a security in terms of assets owned by a borrower. In other words, if the
borrower defaults on the payment of the principal and/or interest thereon, and is not expected to pay, then the lender
holds the authority to recover the amount due by liquidation such underlying assets. A company may have taken
loans/borrowings from banks/financial institutions/others. Such loans may be secured by way of mortgage/pledge
of fixed assets or hypothecation of goods or deposit of securities owned by the borrower.
In case a company that has borrowed funds has hypothecated its investments as security, the value of investments
so charged in favour of the lender is reported by borrowing companies in their balance sheet with a note to accounts
stating that these investments have been given as a security for loans taken. This data field captures the total value
of a company’s long term investments that have been lodged with lenders as security.
The revised schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956 requires companies to categorise their assets and liabilities
into current and non-current sections, i.e. into short term and long term portions, respectively. Likewise, other
loans and advances can also be classified on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. This data
field captures the value of those investments which a company has placed as a security with lenders, which are
expected to be held for at least 12 months from the balance sheet date.
in accordance with the revised Schedule VI format. Such data is available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards.

N ON PROVISION FOR DIMIN IN VALUE OF LONG TERM INVESTMENTS 2433

Indicator : Non provision for dimin in value of long term investments
Field : non_prov_dimun_lt_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
whether or not a company earns any profit. Provisions are normally charged to a company’s profit & loss account
provision for certain liabilities associated with the business. In such cases, companies are required to bring this
fact of non-provision for expenses/liabilities to the notice of the shareholders by making a disclosure in ‘notes to
accounts’.
A company is required to make a provision for any reduction in the market value of its investments during the
year. Such reduction in value is known as diminution. A company may not make such provision (either due
to inadequate profits or for any other reason). However, the company has to disclose the amount by which the
value of its investments has reduced during the year in notes to accounts. This data field captures the amount of
non-provision for diminution in value of long term investments.

2434 N ON PROVN . FOR DIMIN IN VALUE OF LONG TERM INVST OF GROUP COS .

Indicator : Non provn. for dimin in value of long term invst of group cos.
Field : non_prov_dimun_lt_invest_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
year. Such reduction in value is known as diminution. A company may not make such provision (either due to
inadequate profits or for any other reason). However, the company has to disclose the amount by which the value of
its investments has reduced during the year in the notes to accounts in its annual report. This data field captures the
amount of non-provision for diminution in value of long-term investments made in securities of group companies.

N ON PROVN . FOR DIMIN IN VALUE OF OTHER LONG TERM INVSTS . 2435

Indicator : Non provn. for dimin in value of other long term invsts.
Field : non_prov_dimun_oth_lt_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
year. Such reduction in value is known as diminution. A company may not make such provision (either due to
inadequate profits or for any other reason). However, the company has to disclose the amount by which the value
of its investments has reduced during the year in the notes to accounts section of its annual report. This data
field captures the amount of non-provision for diminution in value of long-term investments made in securities of
companies other than its group companies.

2436 D EFERRED TAX ASSETS

Indicator : Deferred tax assets
Field : deferred_tax_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The present data field refers to the outstanding deferred tax assets at the end of an accounting period.
balance sheets will have either deferred tax liability or deferred tax asset.
CMIE does not adopt the practice of reporting the net amount only. It reports the gross amount of deferred tax
assets i.e. the amount of deferred tax liability, if any, which was deducted by the company is added back and the

D EFERRED TAX ASSETS 2437
total amount of deferred tax assets is reported here. The gross amount of deferred tax liability is separately reported
under the deferred tax liability data field under liabilities.

2438 L ONG TERM LOANS & ADVANCES

Indicator : Long term loans & advances
Field : long_term_loans_and_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the long term loans and advances given by the company with a maturity period of more than
12 months.
This disclosure is mandatory as per Schedule VI of the Companies Act. The schedule classifies Loans and advances
into Long term loans and advances and Short-term loans and advances.
This data field stores the sum of all loans and advances made by a company (other than banks and NBFCs). This
includes loans provided to other business enterprises, to employees and directors and securitised assets outstanding.
Securitisation is the process by which financial assets such as loan receivables, mortgage backed receivables, credit
card balances, hire-purchase debtors, lease receivables, trade debtors, etc., are transformed into securities. Financial
assets such as loan assets, mortgages, credit card balances, hire-purchase debtors, trade debtors, etc., or defined
rights therein, are transferred, fully or partly, by the owner (the Originator) to a Special Purpose Entity (SPE) in
return for an immediate cash payment and/or other consideration. The assets so transferred are the ’securitised
assets’
CMIE reports ’loans & advances’ gross of the amount of provision made for doubtful loans & advances.The amount
of provisions is reported separately under liabilities.

L ONG TERM LOANS AND ADVANCES TO EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS 2439

Indicator : Long term loans and advances to employees and directors
Field : lt_loans_adv_to_employees_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the long term loans and advances given by the company to employees and directors with a
maturity period of more than 12 months.
This disclosure is mandatory as per Schedule VI of the Companies Act.
This data field stores the value of the loans and advances that are due from the directors, officers, managers,
managing director or any other managerial personnel of the company.

2440 L ONG TERM CAPITAL ADVANCES

Indicator : Long term capital advances
Field : lt_capital_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a part of long term loans & advances under non-current assets. The revised schedule VI specifies
the classification of long term loans and advances into:
• Capital advances
• Security deposits
• Loans and advances to related parties
• other loans & advances
Capital advances are advances given for procurement of fixed assets, which are non-current assets. Typically,
companies do not expect to realise them in cash. Rather, over the period, these get converted into fixed assets which,
by nature, are non-current assets. Hence, capital advances should be treated as non-current assets irrespective of
when the fixed assets are expected to be received. It is thus clear that capital advances would not be shown under
capital work-in-progress or under intangible assets under development.
This data field captures the amount of long term capital advances disclosed by a company under long term loans &
advances. Long term capital advances are those that are not expected to mature within 12 months from the balance
sheet date.
The Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956 became applicable to all companies for the preparation of
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for long term capital advances is available
in Prowess only since 2010-11.

L ONG TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO COMPANIES , DEPARTMENTAL UNDERTAKINGS AND BUSINESS
ENTERPRISES 2441

Indicator : Long term loans provided to companies, departmental undertakings and business
enterprises
Field : lt_loans_to_cos_n_depts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field ideally captures loans and advances to related parties and other loans & advances. It includes items
like long term loans provided to group companies, to business enterprises and to departmental undertakings and
SEBs. Long term loans are those that are not expected to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for long term loans provided to companies,
departmental undertakings and business enterprises is available in Prowess only since 2010-11.

2442 L ONG TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Long term loans provided to group companies
Field : lt_loans_to_gp_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a child field of ‘long term loans provided to companies, departmental undertakings and business
enterprises’ under long term loans & advances.
The revised schedule VI specifies the classification of long term loans & advances into:
Loans and advances to related parties and other loans & advances includes items like long term loans provided to
group companies, to business enterprises and to departmental undertakings and SEBs. Of these, long term loans
provided to group companies is captured in this data field. Long term loans are those which are not expected to
mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for long term loans provided to group
companies is available in Prowess only since 2010-11.

L ONG TERM INTEREST FREE LOANS PROVIDED TO GROUP COMPANIES 2443

Indicator : Long term interest free loans provided to group companies
Field : lt_int_free_loan_to_gp_co
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures long term loans provided to group companies that are interest free. It is an addendum
information field under long term loans provided to group companies.

2444 L ONG TERM INTEREST BEARING LOANS PROVIDED TO GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Long term interest bearing loans provided to group companies
Field : lt_int_bearing_loan_to_gp_co
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures long term loans provided to group companies that are interest bearing. It is an addendum
information field under long term loans provided to group companies.

L ONG TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 2445

Indicator : Long term loans provided to business enterprises
Field : lt_loans_to_enterprises
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
provided to business enterprises is captured in this data field. Long term loans are those which are not expected to
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for long term loans provided to business
enterprises is available in Prowess only since 2010-11.

2446 L ONG TERM INTEREST FREE LOANS PROVIDED TO BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Long term interest free loans provided to business enterprises
Field : lt_int_free_loans_to_enterprises
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures long term loans provided to business enterprises and which are interest free. It is an
addendum information field under long term loans provided to business enterprises.

L ONG TERM INTEREST BEARING LOANS PROVIDED TO BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 2447

Indicator : Long term interest bearing loans provided to business enterprises
Field : lt_int_bearing_loans_to_enterprises
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures long term loans provided to business enterprises and which are interest bearing. It is an
addendum information field under long term loans provided to business enterprises.

2448 L ONG TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO DEPARTMENTAL UNDERTAKINGS AND SEB S

Indicator : Long term loans provided to departmental undertakings and SEBs
Field : lt_loans_to_dept_undertakings_sebs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
provided to departmental undertakings and SEBs is captured in this data field. Long term loans are those which are
not expected to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
The Revised Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956 became applicable to all companies for the preparation of Fi-
nancial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for long term loans provided to departmental
undertakings and SEBs is available in Prowess only since 2010-11.

L ONG TERM DEPOSITS 2449

Indicator : Long term deposits
Field : long_term_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Long term deposits are captured under this data field. It includes security deposits given by a company to lenders
or sellers, deposits with government or statutory authorities, long term margin money deposits and other long term
deposits. Long term deposits are those which are not expected to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet
date.
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for long term deposits is available in
Prowess only since 2010-11.

2450 L ONG TERM SECURITY DEPOSITS

Indicator : Long term security deposits
Field : lt_security_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a child field of long term deposits under long term loans & advances. The revised schedule VI
specifies the classification of long term loans and advances into:
Security deposits is captured as a part of long term deposits in Prowess. Security deposits are deposits given by a
company to lenders or sellers as proof of intent. Since these are long term, they are not expected to mature within
12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for security deposits is available in Prowess
only since 2010-11.

D EPOSITS WITH GOVERNMENT AND STATUTORY AUTHORITIES ( LONG TERM ) 2451

Indicator : Deposits with government and statutory authorities (long term)
Field : lt_deposits_with_govt_statutory_auth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Security deposits with government and statutory authorities is captured as a part of long term deposits in Prowess.
Since these are long term, they are not expected to mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for deposits with government and statutory
authorities is available in Prowess only since 2010-11.

2452 L ONG TERM MARGIN MONEY DEPOSITS

Indicator : Long term margin money deposits
Field : lt_margin_money_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Security deposits like long term margin money deposits are captured as a part of long term deposits in Prowess.
Since these are long term, they are not expected to mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for long term margin money deposits is
available in Prowess only since 2010-11.

OTHER LONG TERM DEPOSITS 2453

Indicator : Other long term deposits
Field : lt_oth_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Deposits other than security deposits, deposits with government and statutory authorities and margin money de-
posits are captured as other long term deposits in Prowess. Since these are long term, they are not expected to
mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for other long term deposits is available in
Prowess only since 2010-11.

2454 L ONG TERM ADVANCES RECOVERABLE IN CASH OR KIND

Indicator : Long term advances recoverable in cash or kind
Field : lt_adv_recoverable
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies often provide advances to their suppliers for many things such as the purchase of finished goods or
purchase of raw materials as per commercial practice prevailing. Sometimes companies pay for certain expenses
in advance. Such advances outstanding at the end of the accounting period are reported in this data field. These are
advances that are recoverable mostly in kind but sometimes may also be recoverable in cash.
The revised schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956 requires companies to bifurcate their assets and liabilities into
current and non-current categories, i.e. into short term and long term portions, respectively. Therefore, advances
can also be classified on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where such advances that are
recoverable in cash or kind are to be held for a period exceeding 12 months, they are classified as long term. This
data field captures the value of long term advances recoverable in cash or kind.

L ONG TERM ADVANCES DUE FROM GROUP COMPANIES 2455

Indicator : Long term advances due from group companies
Field : lt_adv_due_frm_gp_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
It is common for a company to enter into transactions with its group companies (associate companies or companies
belonging to the same business group as the company being studied), including subsidiaries. Transactions could be
in the form of supply of raw materials or services, or simply loans and advances being given.
A company might pay an advance to its group/associate companies or subsidiaries for the future purchase of fin-
ished goods or raw materials, etc. Certain expenses availed from group companies can be paid for in advance.
Ideally, such advances are recoverable in the form of goods/services that they were paid to avail of. Sometimes,
however, they could become recoverable in cash on non-performance of the underlying transaction. It is also pos-
sible for companies to lend to their group companies/associates/subsidiaries, in case funds are required forworking
capital needs or for projects, etc.
This data field captures the amounts paid as an advance for supplies, or expenses paid for in advance, or loans &
advances given to group/associate/subsidiary companies, which are long term in nature.
basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where an advance has been given for a period exceeding 12
months, it is classified as a long term advance. This data field captures such long term advances due from group
companies, i.e. advances given by a company to its group companies and which are not expected to be repaid

2456 E XPENSES PAID IN ADVANCE ( NON CURRENT )

Indicator : Expenses paid in advance(non current)
Field : lt_adv_payment_of_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Expenses paid in advance are reported under loans & advances by companies. This data field captures the non-
current portion of expenses paid in advance, which are reported under long term loans & advances. The non-current
portion is that portion which is not expected to mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
In Prowess, expenses paid in advance includes advance payment of tax, MAT credit accumulated and all other
prepaid expenses including other indirect taxes paid. This data field reports the total amount of all these child
fields.
Companies have started to report the current and non-current portion of loans & advances after the introduction of
the Revised Schedule VI. As per the new schedule, companies are required to segregate their assets and liabilities
into current and non-current. Current assets and liabilities are those which are expected to mature within 12 months
from the date of the balance sheet. All other assets and liabilities are required to be classified as non-current.
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for non-current portion of expenses paid
in advance is available in Prowess only since 2010-11.

A DVANCE PAYMENT OF TAX ( NON CURRENT ) 2457

Indicator : Advance payment of tax(non current)
Field : lt_adv_payment_tax
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is the child field of ‘expenses paid in advance’ under long term loans & advances. The non-current
portion of advance payment of tax is reported here. The non-current portion is that portion which is not expected
to mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
Companies are liable to pay tax in installment during the year itself rather than paying tax at the end of the year. In
other words, tax is liable to be paid at the time income is earned i.e. during the year rather than paying this tax at
the end of the year. This tax which is payable during the year is called ‘advance tax’.
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for non-current portion of advance tax is
available in Prowess only since 2010-11.

2458 MAT CREDIT ACCUMULATED ( NON CURRENT )

Indicator : MAT credit accumulated(non current)
Field : lt_mat_credit_accum
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is the child field of ‘expenses paid in advance’ under long term loans & advances. The non-current
portion of MAT credit accumulated is reported here. The non-current portion is that portion which is not expected
MAT is minimum alternate tax that has to be paid by the companies that are enjoying tax benefits or tax exemptions
under various schemes. Under this they have to pay a particular amount of tax termed as MAT, so they come under
the tax net. MAT paid by companies can be carried forward for set-off against regular tax payable during subsequent
seven year period subject to certain conditions. Unabsorbed MAT credit will be allowed to be accumulated subject
to seven year carry forward limit. This accumulated MAT credit is reported in this data field.
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for non-current portion of MAT credit
accumulated is available in Prowess only since 2010-11.

OTHER PREPAID EXPENSES INCLUDING OTHER INDIRECT TAXES PAID ( NON CURRENT ) 2459

Indicator : Other prepaid expenses including other indirect taxes paid(non current)
Field : lt_oth_prepaid_exp_incl_indirect_taxes
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is the child field of ‘expenses paid in advance’ under long term loans & advances. All prepaid
expenses other than advance tax and MAT credit accumulated are captured in this data field, including other indirect
taxes paid. Only the non-current portion of prepaid expenses is captured here. The non-current portion is that
portion which is not expected to mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
Financial Statements beginning on or from 1 April 2011. Thus, the data for non-current portion of MAT credit
accumulated is available in Prowess only since 2010-11.

2460 S ECURITISED ASSETS & OTHER LOANS , ADVANCES ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Securitised assets & other loans, advances (long term)
Field : lt_sectsd_ast_oth_loans_adv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Securitised assets & other loans and advances (long term) are one of the sub-categories of a company’s long term
loans & advances under non-current assets. This data field captures the sum of the values of assets which have been
securitised, and the residual value of all other classes of loans and advances that can not be captured elsewhere.
This data field is a residual sum for all kinds of loans and advances that are not explicitly captured elsewhere,
i.e. all long term loans and advances other than loans to employees and directors, capital advances, loans to
companies, departmental undertakings and business enterprises, term deposits, advances recoverable in cash or
kind and expenses paid in advance.
This data field captures the outstanding value of all the assets securitised by the company as on the balance sheet
date. Securitisation refers to the conversion of existing assets or future cash flows into marketable securities,
which can then be sold in the market. The future cash flows from financial assets such as loans & advances, trade
receivables, fare collections, etc., become the security against which borrowings are raised. Since the lender is
assured of regular cash inflows, the degree of credit-worthiness is enhanced. Securitisation helps convert illiquid
assets or future receivables into immediate and current cash flows.
into current and non-current sections, i.e. into short term and long term portions, respectively. Likewise, securitised
assets & other loans and advances can also be classified on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short
term’. Where such assets are not expected to be liquidated within 12 months from a given balance sheet date, they
are classified as long term. This data field captures the value of long term securitised assets and other loans &
advances.

L ONG TERM SECURITISED ASSETS AND LOANS 2461

Indicator : Long term securitised assets and loans
Field : lt_sectsd_ast_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Long term securitised assets and loans are one of the sub-categories of a company’s long term loans & advances,
featuring under non-current assets. This data field captures the value of a company’s assets which have been
securitised.
This data field captures the outstanding value of all of a company’s assets which have been securitised, as on
any given balance sheet date. Securitisation refers to the conversion of existing assets or future cash flows into
marketable securities, which can then be sold/traded. The future cash flows from financial assets such as loans &
advances, trade receivables, fare collections, etc., become the security against which borrowings are raised. Since
the lender is assured of regular cash inflows, the degree of credit-worthiness is enhanced. Securitisation helps
convert otherwise illiquid assets or future receivables into immediate and current cash flows.
into current and non-current sections, i.e. into short term and long term portions, respectively. Likewise, securitised
assets & other loans and advances can also be classified on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short
term’. Where such assets are not expected to be liquidated within 12 months from a given balance sheet date, they
are classified as long term. This data field captures the value of long term securitised assets of a company.

2462 OTHER LONG TERM LOANS & ADVANCES

Indicator : Other long term loans & advances
Field : lt_oth_loans_adv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is a residual field, which captures all of a company’s loans and advances that can not be explicitly captured
elsewhere. It is the sum of the value of all loans and advances made by the company other than those made to
employees and directors, to companies, and to departmental undertakings.
into current and non-current sections, i.e. into short term and long term portions, respectively. Likewise, other
loans and advances can also be classified on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where such
other loans & advances are not expected to be liquidated within 12 months from the balance sheet date, they are
classified as long term. This data field captures the value of other long term loans & advances of a company.

L ONG TERM LOANS & ADVANCES CONSIDERED GOOD & SECURED 2463

Indicator : Long term loans & advances considered good & secured
Field : lt_loans_adv_deem_good_secure
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
12 months. It is an addendum information field.
It stores the value of all those loans that the company considers as good in terms of their being serviced or likely to
be serviced as expected in the future and those that are secured with appropriate collaterals or guarantees.

2464 L ONG TERM LOANS & ADVANCES CONSIDERED GOOD BUT UNSECURED

Indicator : Long term loans & advances considered good but unsecured
Field : lt_loans_adv_deem_good_unsec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
12 months. It is an addendum information field.
It captures the value of all those loans that the company considers as good in terms of their being serviced or likely
to be serviced as expected in the future. But, these loans are not secured with appropriate collateral or guarantees.
etc.

L ONG TERM LOANS & ADVANCES CONSIDERED BAD & DOUBTFUL 2465

Indicator : Long term loans & advances considered bad & doubtful
Field : lt_loans_adv_deem_bad_doubtful
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is an addendum information field which captures the value of all those long term loans that in the
company’s view are not being serviced or are not expected to be serviced in the future. The loans are unlikely to be
repaid or the interest on them is unlikely to be paid on time. It is drawn from the total long term loans & advances
of the company as on the balance sheet date.
This field is not relevant to banking companies, since they are not expected to adhere to the revised schedule VI
of the Companies Act, 1956. The revised schedule VI requires companies to classify their assets and liabilities
into current and non-current portions, i.e. into long term and short term portions. Such data is only available from
the financial year 2011-12 onwards. Corresponding data for years prior to that is recorded in the field ’Loans &
advances considered bad & doubtful’.
Sometimes, companies fail to report doubtful loans and advances in the P & L, balance sheet and notes to accounts.
In such a case, the Auditors’ Report provides information about the amount of doubtful loans and advances and the
amount of provision the company was supposed to make.

2466 L ONG TERM LOANS & ADVANCES DUE FROM FIRMS IN WHICH DIRECTORS , ETC ARE INTERESTED

Indicator : Long term loans & advances due from firms in which directors, etc are interested
Field : lt_loans_adv_due_frm_director_interested_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 18 (AS-18) on ’Related Party Disclosures’ as laid down by the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India (ICAI), companies are required to make disclosures of transactions between the company and
its related parties. As per AS-18, parties are related if at any time during a reporting year, either party has the ability
to control the other or exercise significant influence over the other in making financial and/or operating decisions.
This data field captures the outstanding value of the long term loans and advancess given to business entities in
which the reporting company’s directors and/or management have a substantial interest.
This field is relevant to all companies except banking companies. This is because the revised schedule VI does not
apply to banks. The revised schedule VI requires companies to classify their assets and liabilities into current and
non-current, i.e. long term and short term categories. Companies are supposed to report their numbers in such a
manner from April 2013. Hence such data is available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards.

L ONG TERM LOANS & ADVANCES DUE FROM DIRECTORS ,MD AND MANAGERS 2467

Indicator : Long term loans & advances due from directors,MD and managers
Field : lt_loans_adv_due_frm_directors_managers
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The revised schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, requires all companies (except banking companies) to report
their financial numbers with a clear demarkation of assets and liabilities into current and non-current, i.e. short
term and long term portions. Companies are supposed to follow these reporting guidelines since April 2013, and
hence data in such a format is available from the financial year 2011-12 onwards.
The revised schedule VI, among many other disclosures, mandates the disclosure of the outstanding amounts due
arising from loans & advances given to a company’s directors, MD, managers and other officers. This data field
captures such loans and advances which are long term in nature. It is an addendum information field.

2468 M AXIMUM AMOUNT DUE FROM DIRECTORS , ETC . ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Maximum amount due from directors, etc. (long term)
Field : lt_max_amt_due_frm_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is an addendum information field that captures data forming part of a company’s long term loans & advances
from non-current assets. A company might advance loans to its directors, or its Managing Director, or its managers,
or to any other officer on its payrolls. This field captures the maximum value of the amount due from them at any
point in time during the financial year.

N ON PROVISION FOR BAD AND DOUBTFUL LOANS & ADVANCES ( LONG TERM ) 2469

Indicator : Non provision for bad and doubtful loans & advances (long term)
Field : lt_non_prov_bad_loans_adv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Usually a provision is made for all debts that are doubtful. However, sometimes it so happens that a company might
not make such a provision in its balance sheet, but discloses the amount in its notes. In some cases, a company
might not make such a provision, but its auditor might draw attention to such a non-provision in the auditor’s report.
In such cases, CMIE’s Prowess database captures such non-provisions for bad and doubtful loans & advances.
This field is an addendum information field. It captures the value of non-provisions pertaining to bad and doubtful
loans & advances which are long term in nature.

2470 OTHER LONG TERM ASSETS

Indicator : Other long term assets
Field : other_long_term_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Other long term assets are a part of the total non-current assets in Prowess. Non-current assets are those which
would not result in cash inflow for the company within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
All non-current assets other than fixed assets, capital work-in-progress, long term investments and long term loans
& advances are classified as ‘Other long term assets’ in Prowess.
Other long term assets include:
• Long term inventories
• Long term trade receivables
• Long term bank balance
• Other long term balances (incl. deposits with post office, fis etc.)
• Assets held for sale and transfer
• Unamortised expenses
• Other long term receivables
The total amount of all the above assets is captured as other long term assets of a company.

L ONG TERM INVENTORIES 2471

Indicator : Long term inventories
Field : lt_inventories
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inventories are materials held to be consumed in the production process or held for sale. These include all goods
that are purchased and held for further processing or for resale or to be consumed in the rendering of services.
Mostly all inventories held by a company are short-term in nature as they are expected to be consumed within the
next operating cycle. However, in certain cases, where inventories are not expected to be utilised within 12 months
from the balance sheet date, they are not included under short-term inventories. Such inventories are captured as
long term inventories in Prowess.
The main components of inventories for a manufacturing company are the stock of raw materials, packing materials,
stores & spares, finished & semi-finished goods at the end of an accounting period. This data field is the sum of all
these components.
There are four other components of inventories that are applicable in the case of some industries. These are stock of
shares and debentures held essentially by broking companies or investment companies; stock of real estate held by
real estate development companies; stock of construction held by construction companies; and repossessed, hired
& other stock of assets.

2472 L ONG TERM RAW MATERIALS , PACKING MATERIAL & STORES & SPARES

Indicator : Long term raw materials, packing material & stores & spares
Field : lt_stk_rawmat_pack_store
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of stock of raw materials, packing materials and stores & spares that are not expected
to be utilised within 12 months from the balance sheet date. These are captured under long term inventories.

R AW MATERIAL ( LONG TERM ) 2473

Indicator : Raw material (long term)
Field : lt_stk_rawmat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Raw material is the basic input required for producing / manufacturing the finished goods.
This data field captures the value of the stock of raw materials lying with the company at the end of the accounting
period. This data field reports the value of long term raw materials. These are raw materials not expected to be
consumed within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
Sometimes companies report the stock of raw material net of obsolescence. In such cases, Prowess reports the stock
of raw material reduced by the obsolescence amount and the amount of provision for obsolescence is separately
reported under the data field "write off due to obsolescence".

2474 PACKING MATERIAL ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Packing material (long term)
Field : lt_stk_pack_mat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Packing material is the substance in which the finished goods are packed for making them ready for dispatch /
sale. This data field captures the value of the stock of packing materials lying with the company at the end of the
accounting period.
The data field reports the value of long term packing materials. These are packing material is not expected to be

R AW MATERIAL , PACKING MATERIAL IN TRANSIT ( LONG TERM ) 2475

Indicator : Raw material, packing material in transit (long term)
Field : lt_stk_rawmat_pack_in_transit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Packing material is the substance in which the finished goods are packed for making them ready for dispatch / sale.
This data field captures the value of the stock of raw materials in transit at the end of the accounting period.
This data field reports the value of long term raw materials in transit. These are raw materials not expected to be
The data field also reports the value of long term packing materials in transit.These are packing material is not
expected to be consumed within 12 months from the balance sheet date.

2476 L ONG TERM STORES & SPARES

Indicator : Long term stores & spares
Field : lt_stk_stores
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Stores and spares are those inventory items, which augment the production process i.e. they are the ancillary items
used to support the main activity of production of finished goods. It includes stock of "loose tools", "moulds and
dies", etc.
This data field captures the value of the stock of stores and spares lying with the company at the end of the
accounting period as well as stores & spares in transit as on the reporting date. The value of stock of long term
stores & spares is reported here. These are stores & spares is not expected to be utilised within 12 months from the
balance sheet date.

L ONG TERM FINISHED & SEMI - FINISHED GOODS 2477

Indicator : Long term finished & semi-finished goods
Field : lt_stk_fg_and_wip
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of stock of long term finished & semi-finished goods at the end of an
accounting period.
Goods which are completely manufactured and are ready for sale and delivery to the marketplace are called finished
goods. They are complete in all respects and are in saleable condition.
Semi-finished goods are those goods which are processed but are not yet complete in all respects. They need to
be processed further for becoming ready for sale. These goods cannot be called as raw material since they are
processed and have lost the characteristic of raw materials and at the same time these cannot be called finished
goods since they are not fully manufactured and ready for sale. They are in the process of manufacture and hence
called semi-finished goods or goods in process.
The value of long term finished & semi-finished goods is captured in this data field. This is that portion of finished
& semi-finished goods that is not expected to be consumed within 12 months from the balance sheet date.

2478 L ONG TERM FINISHED GOODS

Indicator : Long term finished goods
Field : lt_stk_fg
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of stock of long term finished goods at the end of an accounting period.
Goods which are manufactured and are completely ready for sale and delivery to the marketplace are called finished
goods. They are complete in all respects and are in saleable condition. Thus, goods fully processed and ready in all
respects for sale to customers and lying in stock with the company or its agent / consignee or job-worker or loan
licensee, is treated as inventory of finished goods. This also includes stock of scrap.
The value of long term finished goods is captured in this data field. This is that portion of finished goods which is
not expected to be consumed within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
If a company reports value of finished goods, net of provision for obsolescence, Prowess also reports finished goods
inventory at the net figure, i.e. net of provision for obsolescence and the amount of such provision is captured in
the data field provision for / write off due to obsolescence.
However, there are cases where the company deducts the obsolescence amount not from the individual inventory
item say raw material or finished goods but from the gross total of all inventory items. In the absence of specific
amounts of obsolescence of each inventory item, Prowess reports the stocks at their gross values and the amount of
provision is reported separately under provision for / write off due to obsolescence.

L ONG TERM SEMI - FINISHED GOODS 2479

Indicator : Long term semi-finished goods
Field : lt_stk_wip
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of stock of long term semi-finished goods at the end of an accounting
period. Stock of work in progress is also captured in this data field. However, work in progress excludes capital
work in progress.
The value of long term semi-finished goods is reported in this data field. This is that portion of semi-finished goods
which is not expected to be consumed within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
If a company reports value of semi-finished goods, net of provision for obsolescence, Prowess also reports semi-
finished goods inventory at the net figure, i.e. net of provision for obsolescence and the amount of such provision
is captured in the data field provision for / write off due to obsolescence.
item say raw material or semi-finished goods but from the gross total of all inventory items. In the absence of
specific amounts of obsolescence of each inventory item, Prowess reports the stocks at their gross values and the
amount of provision is reported separately under provision for / write off due to obsolescence.

2480 L ONG TERM STOCK OF SHARES & DEBENTURES , ETC .

Indicator : Long term stock of shares & debentures, etc.
Field : lt_stk_sh_and_deb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies engaged in the business of providing financial services like banking companies, non-banking finance
companies, investment companies and stock broking companies are engaged in trading in securities as a part of
their normal business. The stock of securities lying with such companies at the end of the accounting period is
considered as inventory. Only securities held by them as investments are not considered as inventory and are
classified as investments. For the rest, securities with such companies are considered a part of inventories.
The long term stock of shares, debentures, etc is captured in this data field. This is that portion of the stock that is
not expected to be utilised within the normal operating cycle of the business or within 12 months from the balance
sheet date.

L ONG TERM STOCK OF REAL ESTATE ( INCLUDING WORK IN PROGRESS ) 2481

Indicator : Long term stock of real estate (including work in progress)
Field : lt_stk_real_estate
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies engaged in development of real estate or in trading in real estate hold properties in inventory as they
are held for development or sale. Typically, they show industrial estates, commercial complexes, residential flats,
etc as stock in inventory. This data field captures such inventory items.
Only the finished and semi-finished stock of real estate is reported here. The stock of raw material as well as stores
and spares of these real estate companies is reported under the respective fields of raw material stock and stores
and spares. These are not reported here.
This data field captures long term stock of real estate. This is the stock that is not expected to be utilised within 12

2482 L ONG TERM STOCK OF CONSTRUCTIONS ( INCLUDING WORK IN PROGRESS )

Indicator : Long term stock of constructions (including work in progress)
Field : lt_stk_construction
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of work-in-progress of construction companies at the end of an accounting period.
Construction companies are engaged in the business of building infrastructure like roads, bridges, pipelines, in-
dustrial plants, etc. These companies mainly function as contractors. Hence, work-in-progress on construction
contracts is a major component of their inventory. The work-in-progress reflects the value of land, material inputs
and project expenses.
Companies engaged in construction activities also report, raw material, material at sight, stores & spares as their
inventory. Prowess reports only work-in-progress in this data field and the others are reported in the respective
fields of raw material and stores & spares inventories.
Only the long term stock of construction is captured here. This is that portion of the stock that is not expected to
be utilised within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.

R EPOSSESSED AND STOCK OF OTHER ASSETS 2483

Indicator : Repossessed and stock of other assets
Field : lt_stk_sat_hire_oth_assts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total value of stock of repossessed, hired and other assets at the end of an accounting
period.
Stock of repossessed assets reflects the value of assets taken back by the lender or seller from the borrower or buyer,
usually due to default. Banks and non-banking finance companies report such inventory.
Stock of other assets is a residuary field and reflects value of inventory that cannot be classified into any of the
specific heads under long term inventories.
Only the long term stock of repossessed and other assets is captured here. This is that portion of the stock which is
not expected to be utilised within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.

2484 L ONG TERM REPOSSESSED ASSETS

Indicator : Long term repossessed assets
Field : lt_stk_satisfied_assts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is largely applicable for banks and non-banking finance companies. These companies usually report
stock of repossessed assets. Repossessed assets are those that are acquired in satisfaction of pending claims. They
reflect the value of assets taken back by the lender or seller from the borrower or buyer, usually due to default.
This data field captures the long term stock of repossessed assets at the end of an accounting period. This is that
portion of the stock that is not expected to be utilised within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.

L ONG TERM STOCK OF OTHER ASSETS 2485

Indicator : Long term stock of other assets
Field : lt_stk_oth_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is a residuary data field. Stock of inventories which cannot be classified into any of the specific heads under
long term inventories are captured here. Inventories other than those that can be clearly classified as raw material,
packing materials, stores and spares, finished goods, semi-finished goods, stock of securities, stock of real estate,
stock of construction, etc are classified in this data field.
For example, a company engaged in healthcare business will have inventory of medicines, lab materials and sur-
gical instruments. A hotel company will have inventory of food & beverages and other operating supplies. An
educational institution will have stock of study material. Banks will have stock of stamps and stationery. The value
of all such inventories is captured in this data field.
Only the long term stock of other assets is captured here. This is that portion of the stock which is not expected to
be utilised within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.

2486 L ONG TERM TRADE RECEIVABLES

Indicator : Long term trade receivables
Field : lt_trade_receivables
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Trade receivables refer to amounts due to be received by a company on account of goods sold and/or services
rendered in the normal course of business. Prior to the revised schedule VI, trade receivables were known as
’sundry debtors’. The revised schedule VI not only involved the renaming of the term, but also slightly changed
the definition so that it now no longer includes amounts due on account of other contractual obligations. This data
field captures the value of a company’s long term trade receivables.
The Old Schedule VI required the separate presentation of debtors outstanding for a period exceeding six months
based on the ’date on which the bill/invoice was raised’. On the other hand, as per the Revised Schedule VI,
separate disclosure of ’trade receivables outstanding for a period exceeding six months’ is calculated with respect
to the date on which a bill/invoice becomes due for payment.
their assets and liabilities into non-current and current portions. Similarly, a company’s trade receivables can be
classified on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ (non-current) and ’short term’ (current) portions. Accord-
ingly, where a trade receivable is expected to remain outstanding for a period exceeding 12 months from the balance
sheet date, it is classified as being long term in nature. This data field captures such long term trade receivables.
This data field represents a broad classification which can be sub-classified into the following:-
• Long term trade receivables - secured, considered good
• Long term trade receivables - unsecured, considered good
• Long term trade receivables - doubtful

L ONG TERM TRADE RECEIVABLES - SECURED , CONSIDERED GOOD 2487

Indicator : Long term trade receivables- secured, considered good
Field : lt_trade_recv_sec_cons_good
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is one of the child indicators under the data field ’long term trade receivables’. It captures the value of
a company’s long term trade receivables which are secured and are considered good, in terms of credit-worthiness,
i.e. there is no perceived risk of default with respect to this class of receivables.
Trade receivables refer to amounts due to be received by a company on account of goods sold and/or services
rendered in the normal course of business. Prior to the revised schedule VI, trade receivables were known as
’sundry debtors’. The revised schedule VI not only requires the renaming of the term, but has also slightly changed
the definition/scope of the term so that it now no longer includes amounts due on account of other contractual
obligations.
The revised schedule VI requires long term trade receivables to be sub-classified as follows:-
Secured trade receivables are those which are backed by a charge on assets owned by the borrower, which can be
liquidated by the lender in order to recover the amount due. This data field captures the value of long term trade
receivables which are secured, and which are considered good.
onwards. Such a classification in terms of current and non-current is likely to arise only in the case of non-banking
financial institutions, since banks are not expected to adhere to the revised schedule VI.

2488 L ONG TERM TRADE RECEIVABLES - UNSECURED , CONSIDERED GOOD

Indicator : Long term trade receivables- unsecured, considered good
Field : lt_trade_recv_unsec_cons_good
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is one of the child indicators under the data field ’long term trade receivables’. It captures the value
of a company’s long term trade receivables which are unsecured in nature, but are considered good, in terms of
credit-worthiness, i.e. there is no perceived risk of default with respect to this class of receivables.
From the point of view of any company, trade receivables refer to amounts that are due to be received by it on
As per the revised schedule VI, a company’s long term trade receivables are required to be sub-classified into the
following:-
Secured trade receivables are those which are backed by a charge on assets owned by the borrower, which can be
liquidated by the lender in order to recover the amount due. On the other hand, unsecured trade receivables are not
backed by any asset, thereby not giving the lender a surety or a back up to recover dues. This data field captures the
value of long term trade receivables which inspite of being unsecured in nature, are nevertheless considered good.

L ONG TERM TRADE RECEIVABLES - DOUBTFUL 2489

Indicator : Long term trade receivables- doubtful
Field : lt_trade_recv_doubtful
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
From the point of view of any company, ’trade receivables’ refer to amounts that are due to be received by it on
As per the revised schedule VI of the Companies Act, 1956, a company’s long term trade receivables are required
to be sub-classified as follows:-
This data field captures the value of a company’s long term trade receivables, whether secured or unsecured, which
are considered doubtful in terms of credit-worthiness, i.e. there is a perception of a high risk of default with respect
to this class of receivables. In other words, it is that class of a company’s trade receivables for which a company
has braced itself to expect a substantial extent or a complete default.

2490 L ONG TERM BANK BALANCE

Indicator : Long term bank balance
Field : lt_bank_balance
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of a company’s deposits in banks, which are long term in nature i.e. bank balances
held for a tenure of more than 12 months. This data field captures the aggregate value of all balances held by a
company with all kinds of banks, whether based in India or abroad.
their borrowings into long and short term as the revised schedule VI is not applicable to them. Since this field has
been introduced to capture the additional disclosures required to be made by companies in accordance with the
With effect from the financial year 2011-12, all companies apart from banking companies present their financial
data in the revised schedule VI disclosure format of the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the
IFRS requirements. The revised schedule VI makes it mandatory for companies to broadly classify their liabilities
into ’Current’ and ’Non-current’ categories. Non-current assets are those that are expected to be held for a period
exceeding 12 months, and current assets are those that are expected to mature within 12 months from the balance
sheet date.

OTHER LONG TERM BALANCES ( INCL . DEPOSIT WITH POST OFFICE , FIS ETC .) 2491

Indicator : Other long term balances (incl. deposit with post office, fis etc.)
Field : lt_oth_cash_bank_bal
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Balances other than cash and bank balances are reported in this data field. Generally, deposits with post office and
financial institutions get reported here.

2492 A SSETS HELD FOR SALE AND TRANSFER ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Assets held for sale and transfer (long term)
Field : lt_assets_held_for_sale
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Assets held for sales and transfer are those assets for which the carrying amount will be recovered principally
through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use.
This data field captures the value of long term assets held by a company for sale and transfer. The amount of such
assets is recorded at lower of cost or net realisable value.

U NAMORTISED EXPENSES ( LONG TERM ) 2493

Indicator : Unamortised expenses (long term)
Field : lt_misc_exp_not_written_off
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unamortised expenses shown in the balance sheet of companies represent a variety of expenditure items which are
not entirely charged to the profit & loss account in the year in which they are incurred, but are carried forward in
the balance sheet to be written off in subsequent periods.
Certain expenses are carried forward in the balance sheet as the cost incurred is not expected to yield the benefit
immediately but over a number of years. Such expenses are not charged to income but are deferred in the future
and written off from the balance sheet over the years.
Thus, the amount of deferred expenses that have not been charged to the profit & loss account are reported under
unamortised expenses. This is a calculated data field and is sum of the following:
• Ancillary borrowing costs (long term)
• Preliminary expenses (long term)
• Unamortised licence fees (long term)
• Technical know-how fees (long term)
• Unamortised goodwill (long term)
• Pre-operative expenses (long term)
• Capital issue expenses (long term)
• Voluntary retirement scheme expenses (long term)
• Promotional and product development expenses (long term)
• Other miscellaneous expenses not written off (long term)
• Less: miscellaneous expenses adjusted against reserves (long term)
This data field captures the long term portion of all unamortised expenses. This means expenses that are charged
to the balance sheet but which are not expected to be written off within 12 months from the reporting date.
The data for this field is available in Prowess from 2010-11 onwards, after the revised schedule VI became ap-
plicable for the presentation of financial statements. The new schedule VI makes it mandatory for companies to
segregate their assets and liabilities into current and non-current portion. Such information was not available prior
to 2010-11.

2494 A NCILLARY BORROWING COSTS ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Ancillary borrowing costs (long term)
Field : lt_ancillary_borrowing_costs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a child field of total unamortised expenses carried forward in the balance sheet. The unamortised
portion of ancillary borrowing costs as on the balance sheet date is captured in this data field. The long term
portion of unamortised ancillary borrowing costs is reported here, i.e., the portion that is not expected to be written
off within the next 12 months.
Ancillary borrowing costs which are carried forward in the balance sheet are the cost incurred in connection with
the arrangement of borrowings which is attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that
necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale.
to 2010-11.

P RELIMINARY EXPENSES ( LONG TERM ) 2495

Indicator : Preliminary expenses (long term)
Field : lt_misc_exp_prel_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Preliminary expenses are expenses incurred for the incorporation of a company. They may be paid by the promoters
before the company is incorporated or by the company after it is incorporated. And they include professional
charges paid for drafting of memorandum of association (MOA) and articles of association (AOA), professional
charges for consultation in incorporating the company, cost of printing of the initial copies of MOA and AOA, stamp
duty for the documents, registration fee paid to the Registrar of Companies (RoC) for incorporation, bank charges
incurred on the above, incidental expenses such as stationary, conveyance and so on incurred for incorporation,
accountants’ and valuers’ fee for reports, certificates, etc., cost of company’s seal and original books of account as
well as statistical and statutory books.
Preliminary expenses are capitalised and amortised i.e. charged proportionately over a reasonable period of time.
The period over which these preliminary expenses are to be amortised is best left to the judgment of the directors
of the company. AS 26 suggests writing off intangible assets over a period of 10 years, though a different period is
permissible if it is justified in the opinion of the management. It is a common practice to write off these preliminary
expenses in a period of five years, though there is no legal provision to this effect. A company can as well write off
its preliminary expenses in the same year as it incurs.
Prowess reports the unamortised portion of preliminary expenses in this data field. The long term portion of
preliminary expenses is captured here. This is the unamortised portion which is not expected to be written off
to 2010-11.

2496 L ICENCE FEES ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Licence fees (long term)
Field : lt_misc_exp_licence_fees
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
License is defined as official right or permit to own or use a resource for a specific period of time. Thus any fees
paid for such official permit is referred as License fees.
Tele-communication companies are required to pay huge amounts of licence fees to the Department of Telecommu-
nication for using spectrum. These amounts are determined on the basis of the subscriber base of these companies.
Since these amounts are very huge, companies would amortise them over a period of time instead of treating them
as a one-time charge to the profit & loss account.
Prowess reports the unamortised portion of licence fees in this data field. The long term portion of licence fees is
captured here. This is the unamortised portion which is not expected to be written off within 12 months from the
date of the balance sheet.
to 2010-11.

T ECHNICAL KNOW- HOW FEES ( LONG TERM ) 2497

Indicator : Technical know-how fees (long term)
Field : lt_misc_exp_tech_know_fees
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
These are the fees paid by companies for their technical collaboration. These collaborations could be either for
some special techniques in the manufacturing process, or in the setting up of some project or plant.
In accordance with AS 26 - Intangible Assets, companies may classify technical know-how fees as intangible assets
and may not report it under unamortised expenses.
CMIE relies on the management perception for classifying technical know-how fees. If the management perceives
technical know-how fees as intangible asset, Prowess also reports it as intangible assets. However, if the manage-
ment perceives it to be just a deferral of revenue expenses, and thus classifies it as an unamortised expense, Prowess
also provides the same treatment in such a case.
Prowess reports the unamortised portion of technical know-how fees in this data field. The long term portion of
technical know-how fees is captured here. This is the unamortised portion which is not expected to be written off
to 2010-11.

2498 U NAMORTISED GOODWILL ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Unamortised goodwill (long term)
Field : lt_misc_exp_amort_val_goodwill
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The Institute Of Chartered accountants Of India issued AS - 26 on intangible assets, which became mandatory
from April 2003. Since then, companies by and large classify goodwill as an intangible asset and thus do not report
it under unamortised expenses. Prior to this, companies treated goodwill as miscellaneous expenditure not written
off.
Prowess relies on the management perception for classifying goodwill. If the management perceives goodwill as
intangible asset, Prowess also reports it as intangible assets. However if the management perceives it to be just
a deferral of revenue expenses, and thus classifies it as an unamortised expense, Prowess also provides the same
treatment in such a case.
Prowess reports the unamortised portion of goodwill in this data field. The long term portion of unamortised
goodwill fees is captured here. This is the unamortised portion which is not expected to be written off within 12
to 2010-11.

P RE - OPERATIVE EXPENSES ( LONG TERM ) 2499

Indicator : Pre-operative expenses (long term)
Field : lt_misc_exp_preoperative_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Pre-operative expenses include expenditure incurred in the pre-production period at the time of setting up of a
project which do not result into any identifiable fixed assets. They include pre-operative and trial run expenditure
pending allocation.
For a new company, these are the expenses incurred after the formation of the company but before the commence-
ment of business/ commercial production. For an existing company, these are the expenses incurred for setting up
a new project i.e. expenses incurred before the commercial production from the new project begins.
Capital expenditure which can be identified with respect to fixed assets are directly capitalised to the cost of assets.
Those which cannot be identified are classified as unamortised and reported under this data field. These are usually
amortised over a period of three to five years. These expenses have to be appropriately capitalised to the cost of
project/plant. However, till the time they are unallocated they are reported under unamortised expenses.
This data field captures the long term portion of unamortised pre-operative expenses. This is the portion which is
unamortised but is not expected to be written off within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
to 2010-11.

2500 C APITAL ISSUES EXPENSES ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Capital issues expenses (long term)
Field : lt_misc_exp_cap_issues_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Capital issue expenses are expenses incidental to the issue of equity and preference shares, GDR, debenture and
FCCB. They include cost of printing, advertising and issue of prospectus, cost of preparing, printing and stamp-
ing debenture trust deed, letter of allotment, brokerage or commission on underwriting or subscription of shares,
discount on issue of shares, documentation charges, listing fees and other expenses related to the issue.
Capital issue expenses are expected to generate a benefit over a number of years. Hence, these are amortised and
the balance amount, not written off, is reported in the balance sheet under the head unamortised expenses.
This data field captures the long term portion of unamortised capital issue expenses. This is the portion which is
unamortised but is not expected to be written off within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
to 2010-11.

VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT SCHEME EXPENSES ( LONG TERM ) 2501

Indicator : Voluntary retirement scheme expenses (long term)
Field : lt_misc_exp_vrs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
VRS expenses constitute the compensation paid by a company to its employees towards premature voluntary re-
tirement under a special scheme introduced by the company. Compensation paid to employees opting for VRS
schemes can run into huge sums. Some companies may decide to amortise these expenses over a period of time
rather than treating it as a one-time charge and charging it against the revenue of a single year. The VRS expenses
that are yet to be charged to revenue are then carried forward in the balance sheet on the asset side as unamortised
expenses.
The long term portion of unamortised amount of VRS expenses is reported in this data field. This is the portion
which is unamortised but is not expected to be written off within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
to 2010-11.

2502 P ROMOTIONAL AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Promotional and product development expenses (long term)
Field : lt_misc_exp_promotional_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Promotional expenses are huge advertisement and marketing expenses incurred either at the time of launching of a
new product or brand building of existing products.
Product development expenses refer to expenses on the research and development of the product. Some companies
amortise their promotional / product development expenses over a number of years, and do not charge it against the
revenue of a single year. The promotional and product development expenses that are yet to be charged to revenue
are carried forward in the balance sheet on the asset side as unamortised expenses.
The long term portion of unamortised amount of promotional and product development expenses is reported in this
data field. This is the portion which is unamortised but is not expected to be written off within 12 months from the
balance sheet date.
to 2010-11.

D EFERRED PREMIUM ON FORWARD CONTRACT ( LONG TERM ) 2503

Indicator : Deferred premium on forward contract (long term)
Field : lt_misc_exp_deff_prem_fwrd_contract
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2504 OTHER MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES NOT WRITTEN OFF ( LONG TERM )

Indicator : Other miscellaneous expenses not written off (long term)
Field : lt_oth_misc_exp_not_w_off
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
If the company discloses any miscellaneous expenses to be written off other than for preliminary expenses, license
fees, technical know-how fees, good will, pre-operative expenses, capital issues, VRS and promotional or product
development expenses, CMIE reports them under this data field.
Only the long term portion of unamortised amount of miscellaneous expenses is reported in this data field. This
is the portion which is unamortised but is not expected to be written off within 12 months from the balance sheet
date.
to 2010-11.

L ESS : MISC . EXP. ADJUSTED AGAINST RESERVES ( LONG TERM ) 2505

Indicator : Less: misc. exp. adjusted against reserves (long term)
Field : lt_misc_exp_adj_agnst_reserv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2506 OTHER LONG TERM RECEIVABLES

Indicator : Other long term receivables
Field : lt_oth_receivables
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of long-term receivables other than trade receivables and bills receivables.
Receivables captured under this data field include:
• Accrued income including interest receivables
• Lease rent receivable
• Receivables on account of exchange fluctuations
• Receivables for sale of investments
• Inter-office adjustments of receivables
• Other non-current receivables
The total amount of ‘Other long term receivables’ is the sum of all of the above fields. Only long term receivables
are captured here. These are receivables which are not expected to be realised within the normal operating cycle or
to 2010-11.

ACCRUED INCOME INCLUDING INTEREST RECEIVABLES ( NON CURRENT ) 2507

Indicator : Accrued income including interest receivables(non current)
Field : lt_accr_inc_incl_int
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a part of ‘other long term receivables’ of a company. It captures incomes that have accrued to the
company during the year but were not received as on the balance sheet date. It includes interest receivables. The
non-current portion of accrued income is captured here. This is that portion which is not expected to mature within
12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
to 2010-11.

2508 L EASE RENT RECEIVABLE ( NON CURRENT )

Indicator : Lease rent receivable(non current)
Field : lt_lease_rent_lt_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures lease rents that have accrued to the company during the year but were not received. This is
applicable for companies which rent out assets on lease.
A lease is an agreement whereby the lesser conveys to the lessee in return for a payment or series of payments the
right to use an asset for an agreed period of time. This payment or series of payments for which the right to use an
asset is given are called as “ lease rentals”. This data field captures the non-current portion of lease rent receivables.
This is that portion which is not expected to mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
to 2010-11.

R ECEIVABLES ON ACCOUNT OF EXCHANGE FLUCTUATIONS ( NON CURRENT ) 2509

Indicator : Receivables on account of exchange fluctuations(non current)
Field : lt_recv_dueto_exch_fluct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures receivables that have accrued to the company during the year because of exchange rate
fluctuations but were not received during the year.
An exchange difference results when there is a change in the exchange rate between the transaction date and the
date of settlement from a foreign currency transaction. When the transaction is settled within the same accounting
period, all the exchange rate difference is recognized in that period. However, when the transaction is settled in a
subsequent accounting period, the exchange rate difference in each intervening accounting period up to the period
of settlement is shown as receivable.
Receivables on account of exchange fluctuations which are not expected to be realised within 12 months are re-
ported here.
to 2010-11.

2510 R ECEIVABLES FOR SALE OF INVESTMENTS ( NON CURRENT )

Indicator : Receivables for sale of investments(non current)
Field : lt_recv_for_sale_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount due to the company as on the date of the balance sheet on account of sale of
investments by the company.
Only the non-current portion of receivables for sale of investments are captured here. This is that portion which is
not expected to mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
to 2010-11.

I NTER - OFFICE ADJUSTMENTS OF RECEIVABLES ( NON CURRENT ) 2511

Indicator : Inter-office adjustments of receivables(non current)
Field : inter_office_adj_lt_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding receivables between divisions within a company as on the date of the
balance sheet. This is usually reported in the case of banks.
Only the non-current portion of receivables is captured in this data field. This portion is that which is not expected
to 2010-11.

2512 N ON - CURRENT REGULATORY DEFERRAL ASSETS

Indicator : Non-current regulatory deferral assets
Field : lt_regulatory_deferral_asst
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

OTHER NON - CURRENT RECEIVABLES ( INCL . LEASE TERMINAL ADJUSTMENT ) 2513

Indicator : Other non-current receivables (incl. lease terminal adjustment)
Field : lt_oth_recv_incl_lease_term_adj
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is a residuary data field under other long term receivables. Receivables other than trade & bills receivable and
other long term receivables which cannot be classified into any of the specific date fields in Prowess are captured
here.

2514 C URRENT ASSETS ( INCL . SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS , LOANS & ADVANCES )

Indicator : Current assets (incl. short term investments, loans & advances)
Field : current_assets_incl_st_invest_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Any asset in the balance sheet which can be easily converted into cash within 12 months is classified as a current
asset. Any asset which will be used up in the operation of a business within a year is also classified as a current
asset. Current assets includes items like inventories, trade receivables, accrued income, cash & bank balance and
other short-term receivables. The total amount of short term investments and short-term loans and advances of a
company are also classified as current assets in this data field since these are expected to be used up during the
normal operating cycle of the company.
Companies need current assets to fund their day-to-day operations and to pay off current liabilities. If current assets
fall short, the company will have to depend more on short-term borrowings to fund its operations.
The data for current assets (incl. short term investments, loans & advances) is available in Prowess only from the
financial year ending March 2012, as the revised schedule VI was introduced for preparation of financial statements
by all companies on or from 1 April 2011. The new schedule VI requires companies to segregate their assets and
liabilities into current and non-current portions. Thus, the data for short-term investments and short-term loans &
advances is available in the balance sheet of companies only from the year ending 2011-12.
Prior to 2011-12, the data for current assets included inventories, trade receivables, accrued income, cash & bank
balance and other short-term receivables. To maintain a time series, CMIE continues to capture ‘current assets’ as
per the old formula in prowess. This is to enable the user to make comparison over different time periods.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENTS 2515

Indicator : Short term investments
Field : short_term_investments
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Short term investments include all investments made by a company which are due to mature within 12 months
from the date of the balance sheet. Companies often make investment in shares, debentures, bonds, mutual funds,
immovable properties, capital of partnership firms, etc. The sum of all such investments outstanding at the end of
the balance sheet date for the short term purpose is captured in this data field. Short term investments in securities
of group companies as well as other companies is included in this data field.
There is one exception. Investments made by investment companies that are engaged entirely, or essentially, in the
business of purchase and sale of securities for making profit from these are not included in this data field. Invest-
ments by such companies are treated as stock in trade and not investments. Investments by all other companies are
Immovable properties held for the purpose of earning rentals or for capital appreciation or both are clubbed under
investments. On the other hand, immovable property held for use in the production or supply of goods or services
or for administrative purposes are not investments but fixed assets.
The total value of short term investments is reported net of diminution in the value of investments. However, their
break-up, in terms of equity shares, debt instruments, mutual funds, etc, is reported on a gross basis. This is the
manner in which information is usually disclosed by companies in their annual reports.
The data for short term investments is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending March 2012, as
the revised schedule VI was introduced for preparation of financial statements by all companies on or from 1 April
portions. Thus, the data for short-term investments is available in the balance sheet of companies only from the
year ending 2011-12.

2516 S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN EQUITY SHARES

Indicator : Short term investment in equity shares
Field : st_invest_equity_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the short term investments made by a company in equity shares. The investment made in
equity shares of group companies as well as other companies is included here. Short term investments are those
which are due to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
amount of current investments’.
The data for short term investments in equity shares is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending
and non-current portions. Thus, the data for short-term investments is available in the balance sheet of companies

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN EQUITY SHARES OF GROUP COMPANIES 2517

Indicator : Short term investment in equity shares of group companies
Field : st_invest_equity_of_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the short term investments made by a company in equity shares of group companies. Short
term investments are those which are due to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date.

2518 S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN EQUITY SHARES OF OTHER THAN GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Short term investment in equity shares of other than group companies
Field : st_invest_oth_equity
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the short term investments made by a company in equity shares of companies other than
its group companies. Short term investments are those which are due to mature within 12 months from the balance
sheet date.
amount of current investments.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN PREFERENCE SHARES 2519

Indicator : Short term investment in preference shares
Field : st_invest_pref_shares
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field captures the investments made by a company in preference shares of group companies and other than
group companies.Short term investment is a investment in which company intended to be invested for less than 12
month from the balance sheet date
This field represents differently under following scenerio. Under IGAAP scenario:-In case of separate financial
statement,this field represents investment in subsidiaries, associates, joint venture etc. and investment in other
than group companies measured at cost as per AS 13 while in case of consolidated financial statement investment
in associates and investment in other than group companies are represented by this field. Consolidated financial
statement presents assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows of the parent,its subsidiaries and joint
ventures as a single economic entity (i.e. proportionate consolidation method). Under IND AS scenario:-In case of
separate financial statement,this field represents investment in subsidiaries, associates, joint venture etc. and invest-
ment in other than group companies measured at cost or as per IND AS 109 (i.e FVTPL,FVTOCI etc.) while in case
of consolidated financial statement this field represents the investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries, investment
in associates, joint ventures etc. accounted for other than equity method (i.e. at FVTPL,FVTOCI etc.) and other
than group companies whereas equity method accounted investment in associates, joint ventures are captured in
"Short term Investments accounted for using the equity method (net of impairment)".Under consolidated financial
statement companies are required to consolidate the financial statement of subsidiaries as per the requirement of
relevant IND AS.However in case of some types of companies (investment entities) and under some conditions,
some or all subsidiaries need not be consolidated as per IND AS 110 "Consolidated financial statement".Company
reports investment in associates and joint ventures as per equity method of accounting or other than equity method
of accounting( i.e. at FVTPL, FVTOCI etc.) as per the requirements of IND AS 28 ’Investments in Associates and
Joint Ventures’.
Some companies present the investment in preference share by bifurcating it in equity component and debt com-
ponent.For example:- Coal India Ltd. reported investment in preference share of subsidiaries as equity component
and debt component separately in their standalone financial statement of 2016-17 at page 219.Under the process of
normalisation, We capture combined equity and debt component in investment of preference share in this field.
The data for short term investments in preference shares is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending

2520 S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN PREFERENCE SHARES OF GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Short term investment in preference shares of group companies
Field : st_invest_pref_of_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field captures the investments made by a company in preference shares of group companies and in which
company intended to be invested for less than 12 month from the balance sheet date.
statement".Investment of preference shares in unconsolidated subsidiaries is to be presented as investments under
method and in which company intended to be invested for less than 12 month from the balance sheet date.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN PREFERENCE SHARES OF OTHER THAN GROUP COMPANIES 2521

Indicator : Short term investment in preference shares of other than group companies
Field : st_invest_oth_pref
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the short term investments made by a company in preference shares of companies other
than its group companies. Short term investments are those which are due to mature within 12 months from the
balance sheet date.

2522 S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN DEBT INSTRUMENTS

Indicator : Short term investment in debt instruments
Field : st_invest_all_debt_instru
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field captures the investments made by a company in debt instrument.The debt instruments include those issued
by the government (dated securities and t-bills), local bodies and non-government entities (mainly debentures
issued by group companies and other companies).Short term investment is a investment in which company intended
to be invested for less than 12 month from the balance sheet date:
associates, joint ventures are captured in "Short term Investments accounted for using the equity method (net of
Some companies present the investment in convertible debt instrument by bifurcating it in equity component and
debt component.Under the process of normalisation, We capture combined equity and debt component in invest-
ment of debt instrument in this field.3

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN DEBT INSTRUMENTS ( INCL . DEBENTURES ) OTHER THAN GOVERNMENT
DEBENTURES AND BONDS 2523

Indicator : Short term investment in debt instruments (incl. debentures) other than
government debentures and bonds
Field : st_invest_debt_instru_excl_govt_bonds
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the short term investments made by a company in debt instruments such as debentures,
bonds, secured premium notes, commercial paper, warrants, etc issued by non-government entities. Investment in
debt securities of both group companies and other companies is included here. Short term investments are those
The data for short term investments in debt instruments is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending

2524 S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN DEBT INSTRUMENTS OF GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Short term investment in debt instruments of group companies
Field : st_invest_debt_instru_of_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This field captures the investments made by a company in debt instrument of group companies and in which
company intended to be invested for less than 12 month from the balance sheet date.
statement".Investment of debt instrument in unconsolidated subsidiaries is to be presented as investments under
method and in which company intended to be invested for less than 12 month from the balance sheet date.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN DEBT INSTRUMENTS OF OTHER THAN GROUP COMPANIES 2525

Indicator : Short term investment in debt instruments of other than group companies
Field : st_invest_oth_debt_instru
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the short term investments made by a company in debt instruments of companies other than
its group companies. Short term investments are those which are due to mature within 12 months from the balance
sheet date.

2526 S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN BONDS AND SECURITIES OF GOVERNMENT AND LOCAL BODIES

Indicator : Short term investment in bonds and securities of government and local bodies
Field : st_invest_debt_instru_govt_bond
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of short term investments made by the company in the debt instruments issued by
the government. This includes all levels of government namely, central, state and local.
Short term investment in bonds and securities of government and local bodies includes bonds issued by the RBI
such as RBI relief bonds, special bearer bonds and national defence bonds. Special fertiliser bonds issued to
fertiliser companies by the government are also reported in this data field even if the company reports the same as
part of its current assets.
However, this data field excludes the investments made in approved securities, such as SLR investments by banks.
This is because they are captured separately in Prowess.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN DATED SECURITIES AND T- BILLS OF GOVT 2527

Indicator : Short term investment in dated securities and t-bills of govt
Field : st_invest_dated_securities_govt_tbills
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of short term investments made by the company in dated securities and t-bills issued
by the government. The maturity period of such securities is less that 12 months.
Treasury bills or T-bills, which are money market instruments, are short term debt instruments issued by the gov-
ernment of India. They are presently issued in three tenors, namely, 91 days, 182 days and 364 days. Treasury
bills are zero coupon securities and pay no interest. They are issued at a discount and redeemed at the face value at
maturity.
Dated Government securities are long term securities and carry a fixed or floating coupon (interest rate) which is
paid on the face value, payable at fixed time periods (usually half-yearly). The tenor of dated securities can be up
to 30 years. When the residual tenure or the balance tenure of the dated security in which the company has invested
is less than 12 months, the security is included in this data field.

2528 S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN OTHER SECURITIES OF GOVT AND LOCAL BODIES

Indicator : Short term investment in other securities of govt and local bodies
Field : st_invest_other_securities_govt_lbodies
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of short term investments made by a company in other debt securities issued by the
government and local bodies. The maturity period of such securities is less that 12 months.
The other securities issued by the government and local bodies include government securities, government bonds,
National savings certificates (NSC), Indira Vikas Patra (IVP) certificates, etc.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN MUTUAL FUNDS 2529

Indicator : Short term investment in mutual funds
Field : st_invest_mfs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field records the value of investment made by the company in short-term mutual fund schemes. Investment
made in mutual fund schemes of group companies and other companies is included here. Short term investments
are those which are due to mature within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
the gross amount in this data field and the provision is shown separately in the field ‘Less: provision for impairment
/ diminution in value of short term financial investments’.
Mutual fund can be categorised into equity oriented mutual fund or debt mutual fund and then measured at fair
value through profit or loss, fair value through other comprehensive income . Majorly investment in mutual fund
is classified as FVTPL since there are no contractually specified cash flows arise in case of equity oriented mutual
fund and the amount receivable by the holder on redemption or sale shall be based on the fair value of the underlying
investments held by the fund in equity instruments or debt instrument hence the SPPI (solely payment of principal
& interest) criterion is not met.However investment in the debt mutual fund could qualify for classification into the
’amortised cost’ category. This classification is based on a detailed analysis of facts and circumstances, including
’looking through’ to the underlying investments made by the mutual fund plan and a restriction on the fund’s ability
to buy/sell/trade investments. In the absence of such restriction FVTPL treatment would be required.
In case of companies do not disclose the investment categories (i.e. FVTPL, FVTOCI or Amortised cost) in notes
of investment ,we refer financial instrument disclosure and identify the category of investment only in case when
it is apparently identifiable.When we are unable to ascertain the investment categories, we capture the investment
only in this field.

2530 S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN MUTUAL FUNDS OF GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Short term investment in mutual funds of group companies
Field : st_invest_mfs_of_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field records the value of investment made by the company in short-term mutual fund schemes run by an
asset management company belonging to its ownership group. Short term investments are those which are due to
The data for short term investments in mutual funds is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN MUTUAL FUNDS OF OTHER THAN GROUP COMPANIES 2531

Indicator : Short term investment in mutual funds of other than group companies
Field : st_invest_oth_mfs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field records the value of investment made by the company in short-term mutual fund schemes, other than
those run by an asset management company belonging to its ownership group. Short term investments are those
The data for short term investments in mutual funds is available in Prowess only from the financial year ending

2532S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN APPROVED SECURITIES ( FOR SLR AND OTHER STATUTORY REQUIREMENT )

Indicator : Short term investment in approved securities (for slr and other statutory
requirement)
Field : st_invest_approved_sec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Banks, financial institutions and Trusts are required to invest in "Approved Securities" under certain conditions.
The Reserve Bank of India, notifies such a list of "Approved Securities", which is revised from time to time.
This data field captures the short term investment in approved securities made by a company (essentially banks
and financial institutions) under such a requirement. In the case of banks such investments are called Statutory
Liquidity Reserves. Short term investments are those which are due to mature within 12 months from the balance
sheet date.
The data for short term investments in approved securities is available in Prowess only from the financial year
ending March 2012, as the revised schedule VI was introduced for preparation of financial statements by all com-
panies on or from 1 April 2011. The new schedule VI requires companies to segregate their assets and liabilities

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN ASSISTED COMPANIES 2533

Indicator : Short term investment in assisted companies
Field : st_invest_assisted_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures short term investment made by development financial institutions (DFIs) in companies
assisted by them. DFIs provide finance and assistance for certain activities or to certain sectors of the economy,
where the risks may be higher than that what the conventional financial system is willing to bear.
DFIs are institutions promoted by the government in order to provide development finance to one or more sectors
or sub-sectors of the economy. They endeavour to provide financial assistance to companies that otherwise find it
difficult to gain access to funding. Their relationship with borrowers is of a continuing nature, such that a DFI is
more like a partner rather than a mere financier.
DFIs also help stimulate equity and debt markets by selling their own stocks and bonds and by helping the assisted
enterprises float their securities.
However, after the Indian banking system underwent reforms in the mid-1990s, the dependence on DFIs as
providers of development finance has reduced to a large extent. Post reforms, Indian banks became more di-
versified and were equipped to manage all kinds of risks. They were encouraged to extend high risk finance with
the support of the Central government, with a view to distribute risks. Since banks are able to raise finance at lower
cost, DFIs were unable to face the competition posed by them.
Some erstwhile DFIs like IDBI and ICICI eventually became universal banks in order to lower their cost of funds
and to remain competitive in the term lending market. Hence, not a single company (in Prowess) has been found to
have reported ’investment in assisted companies’ since the year 2010-11, as compared to ten companies in 1994-95.

2534 S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN OTHERS

Indicator : Short term investment in others
Field : st_invest_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
All investments other than those that can be clearly classified as equity shares, preference share, debt instruments,
mutual funds, approved securities for banks, assisted companies of DFIs are included in this data field. This data
field captures investments made in own securities, investments pending allotment, immovable properties and capital
of partnership firm, etc. It also includes entries shown in the company’s accounts such as "investment of un-utilised
issue monies". The value of investment is reported gross of diminution in value of investments. In other words, if
companies report investments the net amount after deducting provision for diminution in value of investment then
Prowess reports the gross amount in this data field and the provision is shown separately in the field ‘adjustment to
the carrying amount of current investments’.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN OWN DEBENTURES AND SECURITIES 2535

Indicator : Short term investment in own debentures and securities
Field : st_invest_own_sec_deb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies may, at times, purchase securities issued by them. This happens in the case of debentures / bonds
issued by the company. A company may buy such bonds from the market before their redemption if such bonds for
example are issued at an interest rate that is high compared to the company’s perception of the interest rates in the
future. This data field captures the company’s investment into its own securities, if any. The value of investment
is reported gross of diminution in value of investments. In other words, if companies report investments the net
amount after deducting provision for diminution in value of investment then CMIE reports the gross amount in
this data field and the provision is shown separately in the field ‘adjustment to the carrying amount of short term
investments.
The data for short term investments in own debentures and securities is available in Prowess only from the financial
year ending March 2012, as the revised schedule VI was introduced for preparation of financial statements by all
companies on or from 1 April 2011. The new schedule VI requires companies to segregate their assets and liabilities

2536 S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN SHARE AND DEBENTURE APPLICATION MONEY ( PENDING ALLOTMENT )

Indicator : Short term investment in share and debenture application money (pending
allotment)
Field : st_invest_share_deb_appl_money
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount that a company has invested into securities but for which the allotment was
pending as on the date of the balance sheet. This data field thus captures application money pending allotment of
shares, debentures, mutual funds or any other securities. The value of investment is reported gross of diminution in
value of investments. In other words, if companies report investments the net amount after deducting provision for
diminution in value of investment then CMIE reports the gross amount in this data field and the provision is shown
separately in the field ‘adjustment to the carrying amount of short term investments.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN IMMOVABLE PROPERTIES 2537

Indicator : Short term investment in immovable properties
Field : st_invest_immovable_properties
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of short-term investments made by a company into immovable properties such as
land and buildings. Immovable properties held for the purpose of earning rentals or for capital appreciation or both
are clubbed under investments. On the other hand, immovable property held for use in the production or supply of
goods or services or for administrative purposes are not investments but fixed assets.
investments the net amount after deducting provision for diminution in value of investment then CMIE reports the
gross amount in this data field and the provision is shown separately in the field ‘adjustment to the carrying amount
of short term investments.

2538 S HORT TERM INVESTMENT IN THE CAPITAL OF PARTNERSHIP FIRMS , AOP, BOI .

Indicator : Short term investment in the capital of partnership firms, aop, boi.
Field : st_invest_cap_of_partnership_aop_boi
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company may become a partner in a partnership firm by contributing capital thereto. In such a case the amount
contributed by the company as capital in such partnership firm has to be shown as investment in capital of partner-
ship firm. Similarly investment in the capital of joint venture (firm), association of persons and body of individuals
is also captured in this data field. The value of investment is reported gross of diminution in value of investments.
In other words, if companies report investments the net amount after deducting provision for diminution in value
of investment then CMIE reports the gross amount in this data field and the provision is shown separately in the
field ‘adjustment to the carrying amount of short term investments.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENT OF UN - UTILISED MONIES OF ISSUE 2539

Indicator : Short term investment of un-utilised monies of issue
Field : st_invest_unutilised_issue_money
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies raise capital for a specific purpose. However, when the amount of the capital raised is largely through
the issue of securities, the whole amount may not be required to be utilised immediately. Sometimes companies
invest the funds, which are idle for the time being, for earning some return so as to reduce the effective cost of
borrowing. This investment, which is made from the un-utilised monies of an issue to raise capital, is reported
under this data field. As per Part I of Schedule VI to the Companies Act, 1956 balance of un-utilised monies raised
by issue, which are invested elsewhere, has to be separately disclosed in the financial statements. The value of
investment is reported gross of diminution in value of investments. In other words, if companies report investments
the net amount after deducting provision for diminution in value of investment then CMIE reports the gross amount
in this data field and the provision is shown separately in the field ‘adjustment to the carrying amount of short term
investments.

2540 M ISCELLANEOUS S HORT TERM INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Miscellaneous Short term investments
Field : st_misc_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Short-term investments by a company which cannot be classified under any of the specific heads of short-term
investments are captured in this residuary data field.
Typically, this data field includes investments into Pass Through Certificates (PTC) and Certificates of Deposits.
investments the net amount after deducting provision for diminution in value of investment then CMIE reports the
gross amount in this data field and the provision is shown separately in the field ‘adjustment to the carrying amount
of short term investments.

L ESS : PROVISION FOR IMPAIRMENT / DIMINUTION IN VALUE OF SHORT TERM INVESTMENTS 2541

Indicator : Less: provision for impairment / diminution in value of short term investments
Field : st_prov_dimun_in_invest_cumm
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Investments are vulnerable to changes in value. Often, they can diminish in value. Short-term investments are
required to be valued at cost or fair value whichever is less. If a company finds that the value of its investments
has diminished as on the balance sheet date compared to the value reflected at the end of the preceding accounting
period then, such diminution is reflected in this data field. Such diminutions are deducted from the gross investment
value and the balance sheet reflects a net investment value in the ‘short term investments’ data field. Wherever
companies report such provision for diminution in the value of short term investments, Prowess reports short term
investments at their gross value and report the amount of provision in this data field.

2542 S HORT TERM INVENTORIES

Indicator : Short term inventories
Field : st_inventories
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Inventories are materials held to be consumed in the production process or held for sale. These include all goods
that are purchased and held for further processing or for resale or to be consumed in the rendering of services.
Mostly all inventories held by a company are short-term in nature as they are expected to be consumed within the
next operating cycle. However, in certain cases, where inventories are not expected to be utilised within 12 months
from the balance sheet date, they are not included under short-term inventories.
The main components of inventories for a manufacturing company are the stock of raw materials, packing materials,
stores & spares, finished & semi-finished goods at the end of an accounting period. This data field is the sum of all
these components.
There are four other components of short term inventories that are applicable in the case of some industries. These
are stock of shares and debentures held essentially by broking companies or investment companies; stock of real
estate held by real estate development companies; stock of construction held by construction companies; and
repossessed, hired & other stock of assets.

S HORT TERM RAW MATERIALS , PACKING MATERIAL & STORES & SPARES 2543

Indicator : Short term raw materials, packing material & stores & spares
Field : st_stk_rawmat_pack_store
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the value of stock of raw materials, packing materials and stores & spares at the end of the
accounting period.
In certain cases, where the stock of these components is not expected to be utilised within 12 months from the
balance sheet date, it is not included in this data field.

2544 R AW MATERIAL ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Raw material (short term)
Field : st_stk_rawmat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of the stock of raw materials lying with the company at the end of the accounting
period. The data field reports the value of short term raw materials. Thus, in cases where certain portion of the raw
materials is not expected to be consumed within 12 months from the balance sheet date, the amount is not included
here and is captured under ‘long term inventories’.
Sometimes companies report the stock of raw material net of obsolescence. In such cases, Prowess reports the stock
of raw material reduced by the obsolescence amount and the amount of provision for obsolescence is separately
reported under the data field "write off due to obsolescence".

PACKING MATERIAL ( SHORT TERM ) 2545

Indicator : Packing material (short term)
Field : st_stk_pack_mat
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Packing material is the substance in which the finished goods are packed for making them ready for dispatch /
sale. This data field captures the value of the stock of packing materials lying with the company at the end of the
accounting period.
The data field reports the value of short term packing materials. Thus, in cases where certain portion of the packing
material is not expected to be consumed within 12 months from the balance sheet date, the amount is not included
here and is captured under ‘long term inventories’.

2546 S HORT TERM RAW MATERIAL , PACKING MATERIAL IN TRANSIT

Indicator : Short term raw material, packing material in transit
Field : st_stk_rawmat_pkg_in_transit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The raw materials, packing materials which have been dispatched by the supplier but not received by the company
as on the date of the balance sheet are called materials in transit.
This data field captures the value of stock of raw material, packing materials in transit at the end of the accounting
period.
The revised schedule VI requires companies to disclose goods in transit under the relevant sub-head of inventories.
Since companies have been reporting their financial statements as per the revised schedule only since April 2011,
this data is available from 2010-11 onwards.

S HORT TERM STORES & SPARES 2547

Indicator : Short term stores & spares
Field : st_stk_stores
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
dies", etc.
This data field captures the value of the stock of stores and spares lying with the company at the end of the
accounting period as well as stores & spares in transit as on the reporting date. The value of stock of short term
stores & spares is reported here. Thus, in cases where certain portion of stores & spares is not expected to be
utilised within 12 months from the balance sheet date, the amount us not included here and is captured separately
under ‘long term inventories’.

2548 S HORT TERM STORES AND SPARES IN TRANSIT

Indicator : Short term stores and spares in transit
Field : st_stk_stores_in_transit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
dies", etc.
This data field captures the value of the stock of stores & spares in transit, i.e. stores & spares which have been
dispatched by the supplier but not received by the company as on the date of the balance sheet.

S HORT TERM FINISHED & SEMI - FINISHED GOODS 2549

Indicator : Short term finished & semi-finished goods
Field : st_stk_fg_and_wip
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of stock of short term finished & semi-finished goods at the end of an
accounting period. Stock of finished and semi-finished goods lying with the company as well as those in transit are
captured here.
goods. They are complete in all respects and are in saleable condition.
Semi-finished goods are those goods which are processed but are not yet complete in all respects. They need to
be processed further for becoming ready for sale. These goods cannot be called as raw material since they are
processed and have lost the characteristic of raw materials and at the same time these cannot be called finished
goods since they are not fully manufactured and ready for sale. They are in the process of manufacture and hence
called semi-finished goods or goods in process.
The value of short term finished & semi-finished goods is captured in this data field. Thus, in cases where certain
portion of finished & semi-finished goods is not expected to be consumed within 12 months from the balance sheet
date, the amount is not included here but is captured separately as ‘long term finished & semi-finished goods’.

2550 S HORT TERM FINISHED GOODS

Indicator : Short term finished goods
Field : st_stk_fg
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of stock of short term finished goods at the end of an accounting period.
Stock of finished goods lying with the company as well as finished goods in transit are captured here.
goods. They are complete in all respects and are in saleable condition. Thus, goods fully processed and ready in all
respects for sale to customers and lying in stock with the company or its agent / consignee or job-worker or loan
licensee, is treated as inventory of finished goods. This also includes stock of scrap.
The value of short term finished goods is captured in this data field. Thus, in cases where certain portion of finished
goods is not expected to be consumed within 12 months from the balance sheet date, the amount is not included
here but is captured separately as ‘long term finished goods’.
If a company reports value of finished goods, net of provision for obsolescence, Prowess also reports finished goods
inventory at the net figure, i.e. net of provision for obsolescence and the amount of such provision is captured in
the data field provision for / write off due to obsolescence.
item say raw material or finished goods but from the gross total of all inventory items. In the absence of specific
amounts of obsolescence of each inventory item, Prowess reports the stocks at their gross values and the amount of
provision is reported separately under provision for / write off due to obsolescence.

S HORT TERM FINISHED GOODS IN TRANSIT 2551

Indicator : Short term finished goods in transit
Field : st_stk_fg_in_transit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Finished goods in transit are those goods which at the balance sheet date are in transit, i.e. those that have left the
factory premises but are on their way to the godwon. This data field captures the value of fiinished goods in transit
reported by the company.
The revised schedule VI requires companies to disclose goods in transit under the relevant sub-heads of inventories.
Since companies have started reporting their financial statements as per the revised schedule only since April 2011,
the data for this field is available from 2010-11 onwards.

2552 S HORT TERM SEMI - FINISHED GOODS

Indicator : Short term semi-finished goods
Field : st_stk_wip
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of stock of short term semi-finished goods at the end of an accounting
period. Stock of semi-finished goods lying with the company as well as semi-finished goods in transit are captured
here.
Stock of work in progress is also captured in this data field. However, work in progress excludes capital work in
progress.
The value of short term semi-finished goods is reported in this data field. Thus, in cases where certain portion of
semi-finished goods is not expected to be consumed within 12 months from the balance sheet date, the amount is
not included here but is captured separately as ‘long term semi-finished goods’.
If a company reports value of semi-finished goods, net of provision for obsolescence, Prowess also reports semi-
finished goods inventory at the net figure, i.e. net of provision for obsolescence and the amount of such provision
is captured in the data field provision for / write off due to obsolescence.
item say raw material or semi-finished goods but from the gross total of all inventory items. In the absence of
specific amounts of obsolescence of each inventory item, Prowess reports the stocks at their gross values and the
amount of provision is reported separately under provision for / write off due to obsolescence.

S HORT TERM SEMI FINISHED GOODS IN TRANSIT 2553

Indicator : Short term semi finished goods in transit
Field : st_stk_wip_in_transit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Semi-finished goods in transit are those goods which at the balance sheet date are in transit, i.e. those that have been
despatched from one unit but have not yet reached the other unit for further processing. This data field captures the
value of semi-finished goods in transit reported by the company.
The revised schedule VI requires companies to disclose goods in transit under the relevant sub-heads of inventories.
Since companies have started reporting their financial statements as per the revised schedule only since April 2011,
the data for this field is available from 2010-11 onwards.

2554 S HORT TERM STOCK OF SHARES & DEBENTURES , ETC .

Indicator : Short term stock of shares & debentures, etc.
Field : st_stk_sh_and_deb
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies engaged in the business of providing financial services like banking companies, non-banking finance
companies, investment companies and stock broking companies are engaged in trading in securities as a part of
their normal business. The stock of securities lying with such companies at the end of the accounting period is
considered as inventory. Only securities held by them as investments are not considered as inventory and are
classified as investments. For the rest, securities with such companies are considered a part of inventories. The
value of such securities is captured in this data field.
In cases where a certain portion of the inventory of shares, debentures, etc is not expected to be utilised within the
normal operating cycle of the business or within 12 months from the balance sheet date, then such amount is not
included here. It is captured separately as ‘long term stock of shares, debentures, etc’.

S HORT TERM STOCK OF REAL ESTATE ( INCLUDING WORK IN PROGRESS ) 2555

Indicator : Short term stock of real estate (including work in progress)
Field : st_stk_real_estate
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies engaged in development of real estate or in trading in real estate hold properties in inventory as they
are held for development or sale. Typically, they show industrial estates, commercial complexes, residential flats,
etc as stock in inventory. This data field captures such inventory items.
Only the finished and semi-finished stock of real estate is reported here. The stock of raw material as well as stores
and spares of these real estate companies is reported under the respective fields of raw material stock and stores
and spares. These are not reported here.
In cases where a certain portion of the inventory of stock of real estate is not expected to be utilised within the
normal operating cycle of the business or within 12 months from the balance sheet date, then such amount is not
included here. It is captured separately as ‘long term stock of real estate’.

2556 S HORT TERM STOCK OF CONSTRUCTIONS ( INCLUDING WORK IN PROGRESS )

Indicator : Short term stock of constructions (including work in progress)
Field : st_stk_construction
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of work-in-progress of construction companies at the end of an accounting period.
Construction companies are engaged in the business of building infrastructure like roads, bridges, pipelines, in-
dustrial plants, etc. These companies mainly function as contractors. Hence, work-in-progress on construction
contracts is a major component of their inventory. The work-in-progress reflects the value of land, material inputs
and project expenses.
Companies engaged in construction activities also report, raw material, material at sight, stores & spares as their
inventory. Prowess reports only work-in-progress in this data field and the others are reported in the respective
fields of raw material and stores and spares inventories.

R EPOSSESSED , HIRED & OTHER STOCK OF ASSETS ( SHORT TERM ) 2557

Indicator : Repossessed, hired & other stock of assets (short term)
Field : st_stk_sat_hire_oth_assts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total value of stock of repossessed, hired and other assets at the end of an accounting
period.
Stock of repossessed assets reflects the value of assets taken back by the lender or seller from the borrower or buyer,
usually due to default. Banks and non-banking finance companies report such inventory.
Stock of hired assets represents stock given on hire / rent to other companies. For example a vehicle manufacturing
company may give some of its vehicles on hire.
Stock of other assets is a residuary field and reflects value of inventory that cannot be classified into any of the
specific heads under short term inventories.

2558 S HORT TERM REPOSSESSED ASSETS

Indicator : Short term repossessed assets
Field : st_stk_satisfied_assts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is largely applicable for banks and non-banking finance companies. These companies usually report
stock of repossessed assets. Repossessed assets are those that are acquired in satisfaction of pending claims. They
reflect the value of assets taken back by the lender or seller from the borrower or buyer, usually due to default.
This data field captures the short term stock of repossessed assets at the end of an accounting period.

S HORT TERM STOCK OF OTHER ASSETS 2559

Indicator : Short term stock of other assets
Field : st_stk_oth_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is a residuary data field. Stock of inventories which cannot be classified into any of the specific heads under
short term inventories are captured here. Inventories other than those that can be clearly classified as raw material,
packing materials, stores and spares, finished goods, semi-finished goods, stock of securities, stock of real estate,
stock of construction, etc are classified in this data field.
For example, a company engaged in healthcare business will have inventory of medicines, lab materials and sur-
gical instruments. A hotel company will have inventory of food & beverages and other operating supplies. An
educational institution will have stock of study material. Banks will have stock of stamps and stationery. The value
of all such inventories is captured in this data field.

2560 S HORT TERM TRADE RECEIVABLES & BILLS RECEIVABLE

Indicator : Short term trade receivables & bills receivable
Field : st_trade_bills_receivables
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of a company’s trade receivables and bills receivables, that are current in nature,
i.e. which are expected to be converted into cash within the normal operating cycle or within one year from the
balance sheet date.
Prior to the introduction of the revised schedule VI, trade receivables were known as sundry debtors. Typically,
trade receivables are what a company’s customers owe to it for goods and services provided by it in the normal
course of business.
Sundry debtors are conventionally current assets. The erstwhile sundry debtors always fell within current assets.
The revised schedule VI, however, has made a provision to capture the non-current portion thereof separately as
long term trade receivables. This data field captures that portion of a company’s trade receivables that qualify as
current assets.
It also includes bills receivables, which are bills of exchange that a company may draw on its debtors, wherein the
debtor agrees to pay the company a specified amount on a specified date. The company, in this case is the drawer
of the bill and the debtor is the drawee of the bill. Bills receivable can be held by the company till the maturity date
at which it can be presented to the drawee for payment.
The company may also choose to discount the bill with a bank before its maturity date. In such a case the company
gets payment before the maturity date. On the maturity date the bank approaches the drawee for payment of the
bill. If the drawee refuses to or fails to honour the bill, the drawer may be liable to pay to the bank. This is known
as bill discounting.
The erstwhile schedule VI (prior to recent revision) required separate presentation of debtors outstanding for a
period exceeding six months calculated from the date on which the bill/invoice was raised. The revised schedule
VI, however, requires a separate disclosure of trade receivables outstanding for a period exceeding six months,
calculated from the date the bill/invoice became due for payment.
The schedule VI, even after revision, requires companies to sub-classify their trade receivables into the categories
’Secured considered good’, ’Unsecured considered good’ and ’Doubtful’. The break-up of trade receivables into
secured, unsecured and doubtful is captured separately in Prowess.
This data field captures the gross amount of trade receivables & bills receivables. The amount of provision for
bad and doubtful debts is not subtracted from the amountof trade receivables. Even if a company reports trade
receivables net of provisions for doubtful debts, Prowess adds back these provisions and reports trade receivables
& bills receivables at the gross amount. Provision for bad and doubtful debts is captured separately under current
liabilities and provisions.

S HORT TERM TRADE RECEIVABLES 2561

Indicator : Short term trade receivables
Field : st_trade_receivables
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of a company’s trade receivables that are current in nature, i.e. which are expected
to be converted into cash within the normal operating cycle or within one year from the balance sheet date.
course of business.
Sundry debtors are conventionally current assets. The erstwhile sundry debtors always fell within current assets.
The revised Schedule VI, however, has made a provision to capture the non-current portion thereof separately as
long term trade receivables. This data field captures that portion of a company’s trade receivables that qualify as
current assets.
The erstwhile schedule VI (prior to recent revision) required separate presentation of debtors outstanding for a
period exceeding six months calculated from the date on which the bill/invoice was raised. The revised schedule
VI, however, requires a separate disclosure of trade receivables outstanding for a period exceeding six months,
calculated from the date the bill/invoice became due for payment.
The schedule VI, even after revision, requires companies to sub-classify their trade receivables into the categories
’Secured considered good’, ’Unsecured considered good’ and ’Doubtful’. The break-up of trade receivables into
secured, unsecured and doubtful is captured separately in Prowess.
This data field captures the gross amount of trade receivables. The amount of provision for bad and doubtful debts
is not subtracted from the amount of trade receivables. Even if a company reports trade receivables net of provisions
for doubtful debts, Prowess adds back these provisions and reports trade receivables at the gross amount. Provision
for bad and doubtful debts is captured separately under current liabilities and provisions.

2562 T RADE RECEIVABLES , OUTSTANDING OVER SIX MONTHS

Indicator : Trade receivables, outstanding over six months
Field : debtors_more_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount of trade receivables that have been outstanding for more than six months from
the due date. It includes all secured and unsecured debtors outstanding for more than six months.
Prowess reports the amount of trade receivables gross of the amount of provision, if any, made for doubtful debtors.
Provision if any, made for doubtful debtors is reported separately under provisions in liabilities.

S UNDRY DEBTORS SECURED , OUTSTANDING OVER SIX MONTHS 2563

Indicator : Sundry debtors secured, outstanding over six months
Field : sec_debtors_more_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sundry debtors reflect the amount that the company’s customers owe it for goods and services provided by it.
Sundry debtors are classified by the period for which such payments from customers have been outstanding and
by the nature of the debtors, being secured or unsecured. This data field captures sundry debtors that have been
outstanding for more than six months and which are secured.
Prowess reports the amount of sundry debtors gross of the amount of provision if any, made for doubtful debtors.
Provision, if any, made for doubtful debtors is reported separately under provisions in liabilities.

2564 S UNDRY DEBTORS UNSECURED , OUTSTANDING OVER SIX MONTHS

Indicator : Sundry debtors unsecured, outstanding over six months
Field : unsec_debtors_more_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sundry debtors reflect the amount that the company’s customers owe it for goods and services provided by it.
Sundry debtors are classified by the period for which such payments from customers has been outstanding and
by the nature of the debtors being secured or unsecured. This data field captures sundry debtors that have been
outstanding for more than six months and which are not secured. Unless specifically mentioned as secured, sundry
debtors are considered unsecured.
Prowess reports the amount of sundry debtors gross of the amount of provision, if any, made for doubtful debtors.
Provision made for doubtful debtors is reported separately under provisions in liabilities.

S UNDRY DEBTORS CONSIDERED DOUBTFUL AND OUTSTANDING FOR OVER SIX MONTHS 2565

Indicator : Sundry debtors considered doubtful and outstanding for over six months
Field : doubtful_debtors_more_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sundry debtors reflects the amount that the company’s customers owe it for goods and services provided by it.
outstanding for more than six months and whose recovery is considered doubtful. It includes both, secured and
unsecured sundry debtors whose recovery is doubtful.
The amount of sundry debtors (outstanding for more than 6 months) considered doubtful are reported in this field
irrespective of whether the company has made a provision for doubtful debt for the same or not.
Where the company does not report the amount of doubtful debts separately but gives information regarding the
amount under provision for doubtful debts, Prowess reports the amount in this data field as well as under the
provision for doubtful debts data field.

2566 T RADE RECEIVABLES , OUTSTANDING LESS THAN SIX MONTHS

Indicator : Trade receivables, outstanding less than six months
Field : debtors_less_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount of trade receivables that have been outstanding for less than six months from
the due date. It includes all secured and unsecured debtors outstanding for less than six months.
Prowess reports the amount of trade receivables gross of the amount of provision, if any, made for doubtful debtors.
Provision if any, made for doubtful debtors is reported separately under provisions in liabilities.

S UNDRY DEBTORS SECURED , OUTSTANDING LESS THAN SIX MONTHS 2567

Indicator : Sundry debtors secured, outstanding less than six months
Field : sec_debtors_less_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sundry debtors reflects the amount that the company’s customers owe to it for goods and services provided by it.
by the nature of the debtors, being secured or unsecured. This data field captures sundry debtors, that have been
outstanding for less than six months and that are secured.
Prowess reports the amount of sundry debtors, gross of the amount of provision if any, made for doubtful debtors.
Provision for doubtful debts is reported separately & under provisions in Liabilities.

2568 S UNDRY DEBTORS UNSECURED , OUTSTANDING LESS THAN SIX MONTHS

Indicator : Sundry debtors unsecured, outstanding less than six months
Field : unsec_debtors_less_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
outstanding for less than six months and that are not secured. Unless specifically mentioned as secured, sundry
debtors are considered as unsecured.
Prowess reports the amount of sundry debtors gross of the amount of provision if any, made for doubtful debtors.
Provision, if any, made for doubtful debts is reported separately, under provisions in Liabilities.

S UNDRY DEBTORS CONSIDERED DOUBTFUL AND OUTSTANDING FOR LESS THAN SIX MONTHS 2569

Indicator : Sundry debtors considered doubtful and outstanding for less than six months
Field : doubtful_debtors_less_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
oustanding for less than six months and whose recovery is considered doubtful. It includes both, secured and
unsecured sundry debtors whose recovery is doubtful.
The amount of sundry debtors (outstanding for less than 6 months) considered doubtful are reported in this field
irrespective of whether the company has made a provision for doubtful debt for the same or not.
Where the company does not report the amount of doubtful debts separately but gives information regarding the
amount under provision for doubtful debts, Prowess reports the amount in this data field as well as under the
provision for doubtful debts data field.

2570 T RADE RECEIVABLES OUTSTANDING FROM GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Trade receivables outstanding from group companies
Field : debtors_frm_gp_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount of trade receivables that a company owes from its group companies for the
goods and services provided by it, whether secured or unsecured and whether outstanding for a period less than or
more than six months.

T RADE RECEIVABLES FROM GROUP COS . O / S FOR MORE THAN 6 MONTHS 2571

Indicator : Trade receivables from group cos. o/s for more than 6 months
Field : debtors_frm_gp_more_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of trade receivables that a company owes from its group companies for the goods
and services provided by it and which have been outstanding for over six months, whether secured or unsecured.

2572 T RADE RECEIVABLES FROM GROUP COS . O / S FOR LESS THAN 6 MONTHS

Indicator : Trade receivables from group cos. o/s for less than 6 months
Field : debtors_frm_gp_less_6m
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of trade receivables that a company owes from its group companies for the
goods and services provided by it and which have been outstanding for less than six months, whether secured or
unsecured.

T RADE RECEIVABLES OUTSTANDING FROM KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL (KMP) AND ENTITIES IN WHICH
KMP ARE INTERESTED 2573

Indicator : Trade receivables outstanding from key management personnel(KMP) and entities
in which KMP are interested
Field : trade_recv_outstdg_kmp_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount of trade receivables due from directors or other officers of a company or debts
due by firms or private companies in which the director is a partner or a director or a member. Such disclosure
regarding related party transactions are mandatory as per revised schedule VI.

2574 T RADE RECEIVABLES FROM KMP O / S FOR MORE THAN 6 MONTHS

Indicator : Trade receivables from KMP o/s for more than 6 months
Field : trade_recv_outstdg_kent_over_sixmths
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the trade receivables that have been outstanding for more than six months from directors
or officers of a company or debts due by firms or private companies in which the director is a partner or director or
member. Such disclosures regarding related party transactions are mandatory according to revised schedule VI.

OTHER TRADE RECEIVABLES O / S FROM KMP 2575

Indicator : Other trade receivables o/s from KMP
Field : trade_recv_outstdg_kent_others
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:

2576 B ILLS RECEIVABLE

Indicator : Bills receivable
Field : bills_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, defines bills of exchange as "instruments in writing, containing an uncondi-
tional order, signed by the maker, directing a certain person to pay a certain sum of money only to, or to the bearer
of the instrument."
Bills of exchange can either be ’bills receivable’ or ’bills payable’, depending on whether the company has drawn
the bill or whether it has accepted a bill drawn on it by another party. Bills receivable are bills of exchange that a
company may draw on its debtors, wherein the debtor agrees to pay the company a specified amount on a specified
date. The company, in this case, is the drawer of the bill and the debtor is the drawee of the bill. This data field
captures the value of bills receivable reported by the company as on the balance sheet date.
Bills receivable can be held by a company till the maturity date. On the maturity date, the bill can be presented to
the drawee for payment.
In case companies want to encash bills before the maturity date, they may also choose to discount the bill with a
bank. In such a case, the company gets payment, after deduction of discounting charges payable to the bank, before
the maturity date. In such a case of discounting, the bank will approach the drawee on the date of maturity for
payment of the said bill. If the drawee refuses to or fails to honor the bill, the drawer will be held liable to pay the
bank. This is known as bill discounting.
Bills receivable features under ’current assets’.

OTHER SHORT TERM RECEIVABLES 2577

Indicator : Other short term receivables
Field : oth_short_term_receivables
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total amount of short-term receivables other than trade receivables and bills receivables.
Receivables captured under this data field include:
• Other miscellaneous receivables
• Other non-banking current assets
The total amount of ‘Other short term receivables’ is the sum of all of the above fields. Only short term receivables
are captured here. Thus, any receivables which are not expected to be realised within the normal operating cycle
or within 12 months from the balance sheet date are not included here and captured separately under ‘Other long
term receivables’.
to 2010-11.

2578 ACCRUED INCOME INCLUDING INTEREST RECEIVABLES

Indicator : Accrued income including interest receivables
Field : accr_inc_incl_int_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a part of ‘other short term receivables’ of a company. It captures incomes that have accrued to the
company during the year but were not received as on the balance sheet date. It includes interest receivables.
to 2010-11.

U NBILLED REVENUE 2579

Indicator : Unbilled revenue
Field : st_unbilled_revenue
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unbilled revenue is usually reported by companies that undertake work on a contract basis. Unbilled revenues arise
when revenues have been recorded but the amounts cannot currently be billed under the terms of the contract. The
unbilled revenue is an accrued income for the company.
In Prowess, unbilled revenue reported by a company is included as an additional information under accrued income,
which is a part of short term financial advances & deposits.However, sometimes companies report unbilled revenue
as non financial assets but we capture it only in this field as financial assets since it is not clear under companies
act Ind AS schedule III to present unbillled revenue as financial or non financial assets.
For example:- DCM Shriram reported unbilled revenue in other current non financial assets at page no 80 of annual
report of 2016-17.We have captured it in this field which is under Accrued income including interest receivables .
This is new field applicable to the companies which prepare their financial statements in accordance with the In-
dian Accounting Standards (Ind-AS). Ind-AS are the Indian accounting standards converged with the International
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
The MCA, vide its notification dated 16 February 2015, had issued a road map and criteria for implementation
of Ind-AS by companies other than banking companies, insurance companies and NBFCs (corporate road map).
Companies are required to adopt Ind-AS beginning the financial year 2016-17 if they meet the adoption criteria
specified in the roadmap. Such companies are required to present their financial statement as per the disclosure
format specified in division II of schedule III of the Companies Act,2013.

2580 L EASE RENT RECEIVABLE

Indicator : Lease rent receivable
Field : lease_rent_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures lease rents that have accrued to the company during the year but were not received. This is
applicable for companies which rent out assets on lease.
A lease is an agreement whereby the lesser conveys to the lessee in return for a payment or series of payments the
right to use an asset for an agreed period of time. This payment or series of payments for which the right to use
an asset is given are called as “ lease rentals”. This data field captures the current portion of lease rent receivables.
This is that portion which is due to mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
to 2010-11.

R ECEIVABLES ON ACCOUNT OF EXCHANGE FLUCTUATIONS 2581

Indicator : Receivables on account of exchange fluctuations
Field : recv_dueto_exch_fluct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures receivables that have accrued to the company during the year because of exchange rate
fluctuations but were not received during the year.
An exchange difference results when there is a change in the exchange rate between the transaction date and the
date of settlement from a foreign currency transaction. When the transaction is settled within the same accounting
period, all the exchange rate difference is recognized in that period. However, when the transaction is settled in a
subsequent accounting period, the exchange rate difference in each intervening accounting period up to the period
of settlement is shown as receivable.
Receivables that are expected to be converted into cash within the normal operating cycle or within 12 months from
the balance sheet date are captured in this data field. Receivables on account of exchange fluctuations which are
not expected to be realised within 12 months are not included here but captured separately under ‘Other long term
receivables’.
to 2010-11.

2582 R ECEIVABLES FOR SALE OF INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Receivables for sale of investments
Field : recv_for_sale_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the amount due to the company as on the date of the balance sheet on account of sale of
investments by the company.
Only the current portion of receivables for sale of investments are captured here. This is that portion which is
expected to mature within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet.
to 2010-11.

OTHER MISCELLANEOUS RECEIVABLES ( INCL . LEASE TERMINAL ADJUSTMENT ) 2583

Indicator : Other miscellaneous receivables (incl. lease terminal adjustment)
Field : oth_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is a residuary data field. Receivables that cannot be classified explicitly as trade receivables, bills receivable
or any of the specific heads included under ‘other short term receivables’ are captured as other miscellaneous
receivables. This data field also includes lease terminal adjustments.

2584 I NTER - OFFICE ADJUSTMENTS OF RECEIVABLES

Indicator : Inter-office adjustments of receivables
Field : inter_office_adj_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding receivables between divisions within a company as on the date of the
balance sheet. This is usually reported in the case of banks.
Only the current portion of receivables is captured in this data field. This portion is that which is expected to mature
to 2010-11.

OTHER NON - BANKING CURRENT ASSETS 2585

Indicator : Other non-banking current assets
Field : oth_non_banking_curr_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Banking companies report non-banking assets separately in their current assets schedule. Current assets acquired
by banking companies at the time of settlement of loans and advances are termed as ’non-banking assets’.
Banking companies, in the schedule of current assets report the amount of “non-banking assets acquired at the time
of settlement of claims”. This is reported in this data field.

2586 C ASH BALANCE

Indicator : Cash balance
Field : cash_bal
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Cash balance is defined as "aggregate monetary resources" held by an organisation on the last day of the accounting
year. The constituents are: cash in hand, cash in transit, cheques and drafts in hand. This data field reports the sum
of these three constituents of cash.

C ASH IN HAND 2587

Indicator : Cash in hand
Field : cash_in_hand
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Cash in hand refers to the actual disposable currency at the year-end. The term currency includes Indian currency
as well as foreign currency.
Cash in hand does not include cash in transit and cheques and demand drafts held by the companies as these are
reported in separate data fields.

2588 C ASH IN TRANSIT

Indicator : Cash in transit
Field : cash_in_transit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Cash in transit reported by companies is captured in this data field.

C HEQUES AND DRAFTS IN HAND 2589

Indicator : Cheques and drafts in hand
Field : cheques_drafts_in_hand
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field pertains to those cheques and drafts, which have not been deposited in bank and are held by a
company at the end of an accounting year. This field also includes cheques in transit.

2590 BANK BALANCE ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Bank balance (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of a company’s deposits in banks, which are short term/current in nature. Bank
balances are usually current in nature, except for balances held for a tenure of more than 12 months. This data field
captures the aggregate value of all balances held by a company with all kinds of banks, whether based in India or
abroad, or whether in current accounts or deposit accounts, etc.
This data field has the following sub-categories, for which separate fields are created:-
• Balance in banks within India
• Balance in banks outside India
• Balance with RBI; and
• Balances in earmarked accounts
All of the sub-categories mentioned above are meant to capture balances which are inherently short term/current in
nature.
ments. The revised schedule VI makes it mandatory for companies to broadly classify their liabilities into ’Current’
and ’Non-current’ categories. Non-current assets are those that are expected to be held for a period exceeding 12
months, and current assets are those that are expected to be written off within 12 months from a balance sheet date.

BALANCE IN BANKS WITHIN I NDIA ( SHORT TERM ) 2591

Indicator : Balance in banks within India (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_within_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of the balances maintained by companies with banks based in India. It specifically
captures short term bank balances, i.e. those which are short term/current in nature. Bank balances are usually
current in nature, except for balances held for a tenure of more than 12 months. This data field captures the
aggregate value of all balances held by a company with banks based in India.
• Current account in banks within India
• Exchange earnings foreign currency accounts in India-based banks
• Deposit accounts in banks within India
• Money at call with banks in India
All of the sub-categories mentioned above are meant to capture balances which are inherently short term/current in
nature.

2592 C URRENT ACCOUNT IN BANKS WITHIN I NDIA ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Current account in banks within India (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_india_curr_acct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of the balances maintained by companies under current accounts with banks based
in India. It specifically captures short term bank balances, i.e. those which are short term/current in nature. Current
account balances are essentially short-term in nature, since it is dynamic and outstanding balances keep changing.
Having said this, current bank accounts are of a continuing nature since there is no fixed tenure of holding a current
account.
Current bank accounts are usually opened by businessmen, since they have a high number of transactions with a
bank. It is a non interest bearing bank account. It requires a higher minimum balance to be maintained as compared
to a regular saving bank account. However, current accounts facilitate overdraft facilities to account holders. There
is no restriction on the number of transactions made, and the amount thereof.

S HORT TERM EEFC ACCOUNTS IN BANKS ( EXCHANGE EARNERS FOREIGN CURRENCY ) 2593

Indicator : Short term EEFC accounts in banks (exchange earners foreign currency)
Field : st_bank_bal_eefc_acct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When an entity earns income in foreign currency, it is required to convert the same into rupees before the sum can
be deposited in banks. Certain banks might allow the deposit of foreign currency, at certain fees. Such procedures
tend to entail a high number of formalities and transactions, thereby increasing transaction costs for the foreign
exchange earner.
An Exchange Earners’ Foreign Currency Account is one maintained by an authorised dealer of foreign exchange
(in this case a bank), that allows foreign exchange earners, including exporters, to deposit all their foreign exchange
earnings without having to convert them into rupees. Likewise, it also allows account holders to make payments in
foreign currency. All categories of foreign exchange earners, such as individuals, companies, etc. who are resident
in India, can open EEFC accounts. Although special economic zones cannot open EEFC accounts, a unit located
in an SEZ and SEZ developers can open EEFC Accounts.
EEFC accounts can be held only in the form of a current account. Up to 100% foreign exchange earnings can be
credited to the EEFC account. However, the sum total of the accruals in the account during a calendar month are
required to be converted into rupees before the last day of the succeeding calendar month. This condition helps in
reducing the number of transactions on the part of the foreign exchange earner.
This data field captures the value of the balances maintained by companies under EEFC accounts with banks based
in India. It specifically captures short term bank balances, i.e. those which are short term/current in nature. Being
a current account, EEFC account balances are usually short-term in nature, unless specified to be otherwise.

2594 D EPOSIT ACCOUNTS IN BANKS WITHIN I NDIA ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Deposit accounts in banks within India (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_india_oth_dep_acct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of bank balances maintained by companies in deposit account with banks accounts
in India. Deposit accounts could be in the form of term deposits, demand deposits, recurring deposits, saving bank
accounts, etc.
Deposit accounts can be of varying tenures. Some deposit accounts can be non-current in nature. For instance, a
term deposit with a maturity date five years hence would be a non-current asset. However, this data field specifically
captures the outstanding value of amounts held in deposit accounts which are short term or current in nature, i.e.
those which are conventionally expected to be encashed or which will mature within a period of 12 months from
the balance sheet date.

S HORT TERM MARGIN MONEY WITH BANKS 2595

Indicator : Short term margin money with banks
Field : st_bank_bal_margin_money
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Margin money refers to the sum that is deposited with a bank as security to indemnify the bank against risks
associated with certain credit facilities offered to the depositor, or to a third party in the case of a bank guarantee.
Banks might require companies to deposit some margin money based on certain criteria at the time of issue of
loans, letters of credit, in the case of bank guarantees and for overdraft facilities. The amount is deposited in a
separate ’margin account’, and is refundable after all obligations have been met.
This data field captures the value of deposits made by companies in margin accounts with banks in India. It specif-
ically captures the outstanding value of such margin deposits which are current in nature, i.e. they are expected to
be written off within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.
Although margin money is reported under the cash and bank balances section, it is a earmarked fund. Hence, it is
excluded from the calculation of the short-term liquidity of a firm.

2596 S HORT TERM FIXED DEPOSITS WITH BANKS

Indicator : Short term fixed deposits with banks
Field : st_bank_bal_fixed_deposit
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is a deposit account that pays a fixed rate of interest on the amount deposited by the account holder,
at fixed payment intervals, and which are to be held upto a fixed maturity date. They can not be withdrawn prior
to the maturity date, otherwise a penalty is imposed in terms of a charge or a reduction in interest payments. Fixed
deposits accounts pay a higher interest on deposits as compared to other regular deposit accounts.
Since fixed deposits are made with a fixed tenure, they can be either long term or short term in nature. This data
field specifically captures the outstanding value of fixed deposits that are current in nature, i.e. which are expected
to mature within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.

S HORT TERM FIXED DEPOSITS LODGED AS SECURITY 2597

Indicator : Short term fixed deposits lodged as security
Field : st_fixed_dep_lodged_security
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A fixed deposit is a deposit account that pays a fixed rate of interest on the amount deposited by the account holder,
at fixed payment intervals, and which are to be held upto a fixed maturity date. They can not be withdrawn prior
to the maturity date, otherwise a penalty is imposed in terms of a charge or a reduction in interest payments. Fixed
deposits accounts pay a higher interest on deposits as compared to other regular deposit accounts.
Sometimes, banks require borrowers to pledge certain securities/investments as security against loans, or as a pre-
condition to indemnify against risks in other business dealings. Companies might lodge their fixed deposit receipts
with banks for such purposes. This data field, which is an additional information field, captures the value of such
fixed deposits that are pledged by companies as security with banks.

2598 S HORT TERM CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS ( CASH / BANK BALANCE )

Indicator : Short term certificate of deposits (cash/bank balance)
Field : st_cert_dep_cash_bank
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

M ONEY AT CALL WITH BANKS IN I NDIA ( SHORT TERM ) 2599

Indicator : Money at call with banks in India (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_india_mon_at_call
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Money at call refers to an amount lent to a borrower with the understanding that the said amount will be returned
immediately upon demand. Money at short notice is similar to money at call, in that money at short notice gives
the borrower a notice period of up to 15 days to return the amount. Both money at call and money at short notice
are the most liquid assets to an entity that has lent sums under this method, after hard cash. They are essentially
and exclusively current, i.e short term in nature.
This data field is relevant to banks. It captures the outstanding value of the lending bank’s money at call and money
at short notice effected in the inter-bank call money market in India.

2600 BALANCE IN BANKS OUTSIDE I NDIA ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Balance in banks outside India (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_outside_india
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of the balances maintained by companies in bank accounts outside India. It
specifically captures short term bank balances, i.e. those which are short term/current in nature. Bank balances are
usually current in nature, except for balances held for a tenure of more than 12 months (for instance, fixed deposit
for period of 18 months). This data field captures the aggregate value of all balances held by a company in bank
accounts outside India.
• Current account in banks outside India
• Deposit accounts in banks outside India
• Money at call with banks outside India
Each of the aforementioned fields are meant to capture balances which are inherently short term/current in nature.

C URRENT ACCOUNT IN BANKS OUTSIDE I NDIA ( SHORT TERM ) 2601

Indicator : Current account in banks outside India (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_outside_curr_acct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of the balances maintained by companies under current accounts with banks
outside India. It specifically captures short term bank balances, i.e. those which are short term/current in nature.
Current account balances are essentially short-term in nature, since it is dynamic and outstanding balances keep
changing. Hence, it is usually a part of a company’s current assets. Having said this, current bank accounts are of
a continuing nature since there is no fixed tenure for holding a current account.
Current bank accounts are usually opened by businessmen, since they have a high number of transactions with a
bank. It is a non interest bearing bank account. It requires a higher minimum balance to be maintained as compared
to a regular saving bank account. However, current accounts facilitate overdraft facilities to account holders. There
is no restriction on the number of transactions made or on the amount of the transaction, as long as there are
sufficient funds available in the account.

2602 D EPOSIT ACCOUNTS IN BANKS OUTSIDE I NDIA ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Deposit accounts in banks outside India (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_outside_oth_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of bank balances maintained by companies in deposit account with banks outside
India. Such deposit accounts are in the like of term deposits, demand deposits, recurring deposits, saving bank
accounts, etc.
Deposit accounts can be of varying tenures. Some deposit accounts can be non-current in nature. For instance, a
term deposit with a maturity date five years hence would be a non-current asset. However, this data field specifically
captures the outstanding value of amounts held in deposit accounts which are short term or current in nature, i.e.
those which are conventionally expected to be encashed or which will mature within a period of 12 months from
the balance sheet date, and which are maintained in accounts outside India.

M ONEY AT CALL WITH BANKS OUTSIDE I NDIA ( SHORT TERM ) 2603

Indicator : Money at call with banks outside India (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_outside_mon_at_cal
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Money at call refers to an amount lent to a borrower with the understanding that the said amount will be returned
immediately upon demand. Money at short notice is similar to money at call, in that money at short notice gives
the borrower a notice period of up to 15 days to return the amount. Both money at call and money at short notice
are the most liquid assets to an entity that has lent sums under this method, after hard cash. They are essentially
and exclusively current, i.e short term in nature.
This data field is relevant to banks. It captures the outstanding value of the lending bank’s money at call and money
at short notice effected in the inter-bank call money market, outside India.

2604 BALANCE WITH RBI ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Balance with RBI (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_with_rbi
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
By virtue of being India’s central banking institution, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is entrusted with functions
of regulating the issue of currency in the economy, controlling the country’s foreign exchange reserves, formulating
policies so as to maintain monetary stability and developing the economy’s financial structure based on its socio-
economic objectives. It is also a banker, agent and advisor to the Government. It also plays the role of a banker to
banks in India, the custodian of forex reserves (helps in regulating the external value of the rupee) and controller
of credit so as to keep inflation in check.
Apart from the above, the RBI also performs certain ordinary banking functions. One if them is accepting deposits,
not only from banks and non-banking financial institutions (NBFCs), but also from private individuals (so long
as they do not pay interest or compete with member banks). Banks and NBFCs are more likely to make deposits
with the RBI. This data field is relevant to non-banking companies, since banks are not required to adhere to the
guidelines of the revised schedule VI in line with the IFRS, which seeks a demarkation between current and non-
current items in a company’s balance sheet. Hence, balances maintained by non-banking companies, especially
NBFCs, with the RBI are captured in this data field. Balances could be maintained either a ordinary deposits, or
in keeping with Cash Reserve Ratio, or tax payments, or margin monies required to be deposited under certain
statutes, etc.
Bank balances are usually current in nature, except for balances held for a tenure of more than 12 months. Since
the financial year 2011-12, all companies apart from banking companies present their financial data in the revised
schedule VI disclosure format of the Companies Act, 1956, which is in accordance with the IFRS requirements.
The revised schedule VI makes it mandatory for companies to broadly classify their liabilities into ’Current’ and
’Non-current’ categories. Non-current assets are those that are expected to be held for a period exceeding 12
Although bank accounts need not have a fixed tenure, they are very dynamic, and can be closed down any time.
Hence, they are considered current in nature.

BALANCES IN EARMARKED ACCOUNTS ( SHORT TERM ) 2605

Indicator : Balances in earmarked accounts (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_earmarked_acct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Whenever an obligation becomes due, an entity either pays it off, or marks it as a liability or an amount due to a
creditor in its balance sheet. In certain cases, however, although a liability is recognised and the amount payable
is ready for a paying off, the entity might not be able to actually dispense off with the payment since it is unable
to determine the creditor or unable to trace the creditor. The amount might be deposited in bank accounts created
specially for the purpose of paying off the creditor as soon as it is identified or traced.
This data field is used to capture the value of such amounts deposited in specially earmarked accounts. It is an
aggregate of five sub-categories, namely:-
• Unpaid dividend account
• Unpaid matured deposits
• Unpaid matured debentures
• Share application money due for refund
• Other earmarked accounts
This field, and all its child fields are meant to capture only those items that are current in nature, i.e. they are
expected to be written off within 12 months from the balance sheet date. Balances in earmarked accounts are more
likely to be current/short term in nature, since these amounts are already due for payment, and will be paid as soon
as the beneficiaries are identified/traced.

2606 U NPAID DIVIDEND ACCOUNT ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Unpaid dividend account (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_unpaid_div_account
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
is ready for to be dispensed, the entity might not be able to actually go ahead with the payment since it is unable
specially for the purpose of paying off the creditor as soon as it is identified or traced. This data field pertains to
unpaid dividend.
shareholder(s) entitled to the payment thereof within a period of 30 days from the date on which such a dividend was
declared, then the company shall, within seven days from the expiry of the said 30 days, transfer the total amount
of dividend which remains unpaid to a special account called ’Unpaid Dividend Account’. The unpaid dividend
account is to be opened by the company with any scheduled bank. Thus, this data field essentially captures the
outstanding value of the balance of such an unpaid dividend account.
Section 205C of the Companies Act, 1956, mandated that any dividend amount lying unclaimed in this account
for a period of seven years eventually gets transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF).
Subsequently, no claims are entertained against the company or the IEPF for any money transferred to the fund
in accordance with the relevant provisions.
Balances in earmarked accounts are current/short term in nature, since these amounts are already due for payment,
and will be paid as soon as the beneficiaries are identified/traced.

U NPAID MATURED DEPOSITS ( SHORT TERM ) 2607

Indicator : Unpaid matured deposits (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_unpaid_mat_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
specially for the purpose of paying off the creditor as soon as it is identified or traced. This data field pertains to
unpaid matured deposits, i.e. deposits which have matured, but have not yet been claimed by the holders thereof.
In ordinary parlance, the term "unclaimed deposits" would relate to deposits accepted by banks. However, this data
field covers unclaimed and unpaid deposits which have been accepted by all kinds of companies. A significant
portion of such deposits pertains to deposits raised from the public.
CMIE as a current liability, even if certain companies report them under unsecured borrowings. Likewise, an
account earmarked for such unpaid matured deposits are current/short term in nature, since these amounts are
already due for payment, and will be paid as soon as the beneficiaries are identified/traced.
If, however, such deposits remain unclaimed for a period of seven years, they get transferred to an account named
the "Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF) as mandated by section 205 of the Companies Act, 1956.
Subsequently, no claims are entertained against the company or the IEPF for any money transferred to the fund in
accordance with the relevant provisions. It therefore follows that such a earmarked account will cease to exist or
will have no balance.

2608 U NPAID MATURED DEBENTURES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Unpaid matured debentures (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_unpaid_mat_debentures
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
specially for the purpose of paying off the creditor as soon as it is identified or traced. This data field pertains
to unpaid matured debentures, i.e. debentures which have matured, but have not yet been claimed by the holders
thereof.
Debentures are a class of debt instruments issued by a company. There are various kinds of debentures. Redeemable
debentures are those which are to be paid back within a specified period. There is a possibility of certain debenture
holders not coming forward to claim the proceeds of redeemed debentures. Also, certain claims might not be
entertained, for reasons such as non-surrender of duly discharged debenture certificates by a person claiming to
be a debenture-holder. Such unclaimed and unpaid redeemable debentures are to be recorded under the head
"Unclaimed and unpaid portion of redeemed debentures" and the sum payable is deposited in a bank account
specially earmarked for the purpose. This data field captures the outstanding value of the balance held in such a
bank account specially earmarked for this purpose.
Since unclaimed and unpaid matured debentures are payable as soon as the debenture holder makes a claim, they
are classified as a current liability, even if certain companies report them under unsecured borrowings. Likewise, an
account earmarked for such unpaid matured debentures will be current/short term in nature, since such an amount
is already due for payment, and will be paid as soon as the beneficiaries are identified/traced.
If, however, such deposits remain unclaimed for a period of seven years, they get transferred to an account named
the "Investor Education and Protection Fund (IEPF) as mandated by section 205 of the Companies Act, 1956.
Subsequently, no claims are entertained against the company or the IEPF for any money transferred to the fund in
accordance with the relevant provisions. It therefore follows that such a earmarked account will cease to exist or
will have no balance.

S HARE APPLICATION MONEY DUE FOR REFUND ( SHORT TERM ) 2609

Indicator : Share application money due for refund (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_sh_appl_money_due_for_refund
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
specially for the purpose of paying off the creditor as soon as it is identified or traced.
When shares are issued in the capital market, applications are invited. Accordingly, investors pay application
money on the number of shares they wish to subscribe to. However, not all applicants are allotted the exact number
of shares that they applied for. There might be an oversubscription of shares, making it impossible to allot shares
against all applications received. Shares might be allotted on a pro-rata basis. Also, some applications might be
rejected. Rejected applications might either be refunded or forfeited. When application money is to be refunded
and the applicants can not be determined or can not be traced, the amount refundable is deposited in a separate
account earmarked for the purpose. This data field captures the outstanding value of the balance held in such a
bank account specially earmarked for the refund due towards share application money.
Refundable share application money is payable as soon as the applicant is traced, or he comes forward to make a
claim. Since the amount is already due, it is classified as a current liability. Likewise, an account earmarked for
such a refundable amount will be current/short term in nature, since such an account will exist only as long as the
dues are still pending to be paid off.
ments. The revised schedule VI makes it mandatory for companies to broadly classify their assets into ’Current’

2610 OTHER EARMARKED ACCOUNTS ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Other earmarked accounts (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_oth_earmarked_acct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
specially for the purpose of paying off the creditor as soon as it is identified or traced. This data field captures the
outstanding balance in bank accounts earmarked for amounts due to be paid towards liabilities other than unpaid
dividend, unpaid matured deposits, unpaid matured debentures and refundable share application money.
Since the dues are payable as soon as the beneficiary is traced, or he comes forward to make a claim, it is classified
as a current liability. Likewise, an account earmarked for such a due amount will be current/short term in nature,
since such an account will exist only as long as the dues are still pending to be paid off.

OTHER SHORT TERM BALANCES ( INCL . DEPOSIT WITH POST OFFICE , FIS ETC .) 2611

Indicator : Other short term balances (incl. deposit with post office, fis etc.)
Field : st_oth_cash_bank_bal
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Apart from deposits with banks, entities have other options to hold their cash resources. There are other non-
banking financial institutions that also accept deposits. Post offices also accept deposits. In fact, in rural areas,
where banks have not penetrated much, post offices play an important role of providing financial services. To state
a fact, post office savings bank is the oldest and largest ’banking’ institution in India, owing to its wide reach.
This data field captures the value a company’s cash balances other than ’cash in hand’ and cash held in bank
accounts (bank balances). Such balances are usually current in nature, except when specified to be held for a tenure
of more than 12 months.

2612 OF WHICH : FOREIGN CURRENCY ACCOUNT ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Of which : foreign currency account (short term)
Field : st_bank_bal_forgn_currency_acct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is an addendum information field, which seeks to show the amount of a company’s cash holdings in terms of
foreign currency.
Indian companies having foreign operations may have transactional bank accounts facilitating deposits and with-
drawals, and denominated in foreign currency. Such accounts might either be with a bank in India, or outside India.
This data field captures the value of the outstanding balance of such a foreign currency account as on a balance
sheet date.Such information is generally available in the annual report either as a note under the cash and bank
balance schedule or under the notes to accounts.
The field also includes balances held in the exchange earner’s foreign currency (EEFC) account. Cash in hand, in
terms of foreign currency are also included in this data field.
As per Accounting Standard 11 (AS-11) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), Indian
companies are required to present their financial statements in Indian currency only. Hence, such foreign currency
accounts are converted to Indian currency at closing rates and reported in the financial statements.
Cash is the most liquid asset in the hands of any entity. Hence, it is essentially current in nature.
has been introduced to capture the additional disclosures required to be made by companies in accordance with
the revised Schedule VI format, data is available only after the year ending March 2011. Balances in foreign
currency in the books of banking companies are captured separately in the field ’foreign currency account’ in the
’Auto-calculations’ section of the query tree.

S HORT TERM LOANS AND ADVANCES BY FINANCE COMPANIES 2613

Indicator : Short term loans and advances by finance companies
Field : st_loan_advance_nbfcs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of loans and advances given by finance companies, non-banking
finance companies (NBFCs) in particular. It includes financial institutions,housing finance companies and other
financial services companies. This data field captures only the value of short term loans and advances, i.e. those
loans and advances that are expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.
This field is relevant to all finance companies except for banking companies, since it is not mandatory for banks to
classify their borrowings into long and short term. The revised schedule VI is not applicable to them. Since this
field has been introduced to capture the additional disclosures required to be made by companies in accordance
with the revised Schedule VI format, data is available only after the year ending March 2011. Since banks are not
required to make a demarkation in their loans and advances on the basis of whether they are current or non-current,
they only show total loans and advances, which is captured in a separate field.

2614 S HORT TERM LOANS BY FINANCE COMPANIES

Indicator : Short term loans by finance companies
Field : st_loan_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Term loans are conventional loans/ advances by a bank or a financial institution for a specific amount. Such loans
are generally repayable in regular installments, either in monthly, quarterly or annual repayment schedules, and
carry a fixed rate of interest.
Term loans can be classified on the basis of their tenure into long term and short term loans. Short term loans are
those that are expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date, while long term loans
are those than are expected to remain in the company’s books for more than 12 months from the balance sheet date.
This data field captures the value of short term loans given by non-banking finance companies. Since banks are not
required to adhere to the IFRS-based guidelines of the revised schedule VI, they do not need to classify their loans
into long term and short term categories. They simply report ’total’ term loans, for which a separate data field is
available on Prowess.

S HORT TERM HOUSING LOANS BY FINANCE COMPANIES 2615

Indicator : Short term housing loans by finance companies
Field : st_housing_loan
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Term loans include housing loans. A housing loan is a loan that finances the acquisition or construction/major
repairs of a house property, which could either be a residential property or commercial premises. Housing loans
includes all kinds of loans including those for outright purchase of a housing property, land purchase, home con-
struction, home bridge loans, etc. given by finance companies to individuals, corporate bodies, builders and co-
operative societies. Such loans are secured by a lien on the same property the purchase of which the said loan is
funding.
Housing loans can be advanced by banks, financial institutions, non-banking finance companies (NBFCs), housing
finance companies and other financial services companies. Housing loans, per se are long term in natures, since
they are usually given for tenures exceeding 3 years. This field captures the value of the current maturities of
housing loans, i.e. that portion of housing loans that are expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from
the balance sheet date.
Loans given by non-finance companies are not included in this field.
Since banks are not required to adhere to the IFRS-based guidelines of the revised schedule VI, they do not need
to classify their loans into long term and short term categories. In the context of this field, they are not required to
separately show the value of current maturities of housing loans. Hence, they simply report ’total’ housing loans,
which are captured in a separate field in Prowess, under ’auto-calculations’.

2616 I NSTITUTION AND INTER - BANK ADVANCES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Institution and inter-bank advances (short term)
Field : st_inst_inter_bank_advance
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Banks and other financial institutions often lend to other banks and financial institutions. Such lending and bor-
rowing activity among financial institutions and banks within their respective sectors is known as inter-institutional
and inter-bank advances. This data field captures the value of short term inter-institutional borrowings.
Only the short term portion is captured here. This means inter-institutional advances that are scheduled to mature
within 12 months from the balance sheet date are reported in this data field.
to classify their loans into long term and short term categories. Hence, short term inter-bank advances are not
captured in this field, since such data will not be available. Banks simply report ’total’ inter-bank advances, which
are captured in a separate field in Prowess, under ’auto-calculations’.

S HORT TERM ADVANCES AND DEPOSITS WITH GOVERNMENT AND STATUTORY AUTHORITIES 2617

Indicator : Short term advances and deposits with government and statutory authorities
Field : st_deposits_with_govt
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sometimes, companies might have a dispute with government and statutory authorities with respect to amounts
demanded as fees or taxes or other statutory dues. Nevertheless, they are expected to pay the amount demanded
as a deposit, and then place their appeals against the amount demanded. This data field is relevant to finance
companies, and captures the sum total of the various deposits kept by the company with government or statutory
bodies, for a period not exceeding 12 months from the balance sheet date, i.e. short term deposits with government
and statutory authorities.
Short term deposits kept with the government or departmental authorities like customs, excise, income tax, sales tax,
etc., are reported in this data field. Thus, this data field would include amounts deposited with revenue authorities
for appeal with respect to disputed liabilities or amounts deposited with the government or state authorities for
obtaining license or amounts deposited by cellular companies with TRAI, etc.
This field is a child of the indicator ’short term loans and advances by finance companies’. It is meant to capture
data of finance companies.
exceeding 12 months, and current assets are those that are expected to be written off within 12 months from the
balance sheet date.
to classify their assets into long term (non-current) and short term (current) categories. Hence, in the context of
this data field, they simply report an aggregate value of other advances and deposits with government and statutory
authorities, without a current and non-current breakup. This can be found under the auto-calculations section of
the query builder on Prowess.

2618 R ECEIVABLES AGAINST STOCK HIRED OUT ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Receivables against stock hired out (short term)
Field : recv_against_stock_hired_for_st
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The term ’stock hired out’ is relevant to companies that are in the business of leasing out assets. Stocks hired out
essentially means assets that have been leased out. For such companies, receivables against stocks hired out forms
a part of total assets. This data field captures the short term / current portion of receivables against stock hired out.
This is that portion of receivables that is expected to be written off within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
This data field is relevant to finance companies only. It is a child indicator of ’short term loans and advances by
finance companies’ under ’current assets’. However, since banks are not required to adhere to the IFRS-based
guidelines of the revised schedule VI, they do not need to classify their loans into long term and short term cate-
gories. Hence, short term inter-bank advances are not captured in this field, since such data will not be available.
Banks simply report ’total’ inter-bank advances, which are captured in a separate field in Prowess, under ’auto-
calculations’.

N ET INVESTMENTS IN SHORT TERM FINANCE LEASES 2619

Indicator : Net investments in short term finance leases
Field : net_investments_in_st_leases
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The term ’net investments in leases’ is a terminology used in the context of lease accounting. From the perspective
of a lessor, gross investment in a lease is the aggregate of the minimum lease payments receivable under a finance
lease and any un-guaranteed residual value of the leased asset accruing to the lessor. Net investment in a lease
would be the value of gross investments in the lease subtracted by any unearned finance income. This data field
captures the value of net investment in leases that are short term in nature.
This data field is relevant to finance companies only. It is a child indicator of ’short term loans and advances by
finance companies’ under ’current assets’. However, since banks are not required to adhere to the IFRS-based
guidelines of the revised schedule VI, they do not need to classify their loans into long term and short term cate-
gories. Hence, short term inter-bank advances are not captured in this field, since such data will not be available.
Banks simply report an aggregate value of ’net investments in leases’, which are captured in a separate field in
Prowess, under ’auto-calculations’.

2620 OTHER SHORT TERM ADVANCES BY FINANCE COMPANIES

Indicator : Other short term advances by finance companies
Field : other_short_term_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a child field of ’short term loans and advances by finance companies’ under current assets. It is
residual in nature, capturing the value of all the short term loans and advances of finance companies which can not
be captured in any other field. In other words, this data field captures all short term loans and advances of finance
companies other than the following:-
• Short term loans
• Institution and inter-bank advances (short term)
• Short term advances and deposits with government and statutory authorities
• Receivables against stock hired out (short term); and
• Net investments in short term leases
This data field only captures short term loans and advances, i.e. which are expected to be repaid within a period
of 12 months from the balance sheet date. Also, this field is relevant exclusively to finance companies. Loans and
advances of non-finance companies are captured in a separate section.
Although this field is said to be relevant to finance companies, it specifically deals with non-banking finance
schedule VI, they do not need to classify their assets into long term (non-current) and short term (current) categories.
Consequently, banks are not likely to report ’short term loans and advances’. In the context of this field, therefore,
banks might simply report an aggregate value of advances, which can then be captured in the field ’other advances
by finance companies’ which can be found in the auto-calculations section of the query builder on Prowess.
exceeding 12 months, and current assets are those that are expected to be written off within 12 months from a
balance sheet date.
The field ’other short term advances by finance companies’ can be further classified as follows:-
• Secured short term loans made by finance companies
• Unsecured short term loans made by finance companies
• Short term loans to priority sector made by finance companies
• Short term advances by finance companies to public sector; and
• Short term overseas loans made by finance companies
Each of these are additional information fields on Prowess.

OF WHICH 1: SECURED SHORT TERM LOANS MADE BY FINANCE COMPANIES 2621

Indicator : Of which 1: secured short term loans made by finance companies
Field : sec_st_loan_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
guarantee are called secured loans. Loans covered by bank/ government guarantees are also secured loans.
This data field is a child field of ’other short term advances by finance companies’ under ’short term loans and
advances by finance companies’ of the current assets section of the schema. It is an additional information field,
seeking information on how much of other short term advances by finance companies are in the form of secured
loans.
Short term advances by finance companies are expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance
sheet date. It is relevant exclusively to finance companies. Loans and advances of non-finance companies are
captured in a separate section. Hence, this field, i.e. ’secured short term loans made by finance companies’ is also
only relevant to finance companies.
Consequently, banks are not likely to report ’short term loans and advances’. In the context of this field, therefore, it
might only be possible to extract information on ’secured loans’ with respect to banks, which can then be captured
in the field ’secured loans made by finance companies’ which can be found in the auto-calculations section of the
query builder on Prowess.
balance sheet date.

2622 OF WHICH 2: UNSECURED SHORT TERM LOANS MADE BY FINANCE COMPANIES

Indicator : Of which 2: unsecured short term loans made by finance companies
Field : unsec_st_loan_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
guarantee are called secured loans. Loans covered by bank/ government guarantees are also secured loans. In
contrast, unsecured loans are those which are not backed by assets of the borrower, thereby exposing the lender to
a certain degree of default risk.
seeking information on how much of other short term advances by finance companies are unsecured in nature.
Short term advances by finance companies are expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance
sheet date. It is relevant exclusively to finance companies. Loans and advances of non-finance companies are
captured in a separate section. Hence, this field, i.e. ’unsecured short term loans made by finance companies’ is
also only relevant to finance companies.
Consequently, banks are not likely to report ’short term loans and advances’. In the context of this field, therefore,
it might only be possible to extract information on ’unsecured loans’ with respect to banks, which can then be
captured in the field ’unsecured loans made by finance companies’ which can be found in the auto-calculations
section of the query builder on Prowess.
balance sheet date.

OF WHICH 3: SHORT TERM LOANS TO PRIORITY SECTOR MADE BY FINANCE COMPANIES 2623

Indicator : Of which 3: short term loans to priority sector made by finance companies
Field : st_loan_to_priority_sector
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The Reserve Bank of India mandates that banks should lend a certain proportion of their resources to select sectors
- called the priority sectors. The precise list of priority sectors has varied over time but it usually includes agricul-
ture, small-scale industries and exports. Finance companies also report the amount of advances to priority sector,
separately under the schedule of advances. The value of short term advances made by finance companies to the
priority sector are captured in this data field.
seeking information on how much of other short term advances by finance companies have been directed towards
the priority sector.
Short term advances are those that are expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet
date. It thus follows that short term loans to priority sector are those loans which are expected to be repaid within
12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field is relevant exclusively to finance companies. Loans and
advances of non-finance companies are captured in a separate section of data on Prowess. Hence, this field, i.e.
’short term loans to priority sector made by finance companies’ is only relevant to finance companies.
categories. Consequently, banks are not likely to report ’short term loans and advances’. In the context of this field,
therefore, it might only be possible to extract information on ’total loans to priority sector’ with respect to banks,
without a breakup in terms of tenure. This aggregate data can be found in the field ’loans to priority sector made
by finance companies’ which can be found in the auto-calculations section of the query builder on Prowess.
balance sheet date.

2624 OF WHICH 4: SHORT TERM ADVANCES BY FINANCE COMPANIES TO PUBLIC SECTOR

Indicator : Of which 4: short term advances by finance companies to public sector
Field : st_advance_public_sector
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
seeking information on how much of other short term advances by finance companies have been lent to public
sector companies. Just like banks, non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) also report the amount of money
advanced to public sector enterprises, separately under the Schedule of Advances. This additional information field
captures the outstanding value of such short term advances made by finance companies to the public sector.
date. It thus follows that short term advances to public sector are those loans which are expected to be repaid within
12 months from the balance sheet date. This data field is relevant exclusively to finance companies. Loans and
advances of non-finance companies are captured in a separate section of data on Prowess. Hence, this field, i.e.
’short term advances made by finance companies to public sector’ is only relevant to finance companies.
Although this field is said to be relevant to finance companies, it specifically pertains to NBFCs. This is because
banks are not required to adhere to the IFRS-based guidelines of the revised schedule VI, and hence they do not
need to classify their assets into long term (non-current) and short term (current) categories. Consequently, banks
are not likely to report ’short term loans and advances’. In the context of this field, therefore, it might only be
possible to extract information on ’total advances to public sector’ with respect to banks, without a breakup in
terms of tenure. This aggregate data can be found in the field ’advances by finance companies to public sector’
which can be found in the auto-calculations section of the query builder on Prowess.
balance sheet date.

OF WHICH 5: SHORT TERM OVERSEAS LOANS MADE BY FINANCE COMPANIES 2625

Indicator : Of which 5: short term overseas loans made by finance companies
Field : overseas_st_loan_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
seeking information on how much of other short term advances by finance companies have been lent to entities
outside India.
date. It thus follows that short term overseas loans are those loans which are expected to be repaid within 12 months
from the balance sheet date. This data field is relevant exclusively to finance companies. Loans and advances of
non-finance companies are captured in a separate section of data on Prowess. Hence, this field, i.e. ’short term
overseas loans made by finance companies’ is only relevant to finance companies.
Although this field is said to be relevant to finance companies, it specifically pertains to non-banking finance
categories. Consequently, banks are not likely to report ’short term loans and advances’. In the context of this field,
therefore, it might only be possible to extract information on ’total overseas loans made by finance companies’ with
respect to banks, without a long term and short term bifurcation. This aggregate data can be found in the additional
information field ’overseas loans made by finance companies’ which can be found in the auto-calculations section
of the query builder on Prowess.
balance sheet date.

2626 S HORT TERM LOANS & ADVANCES

Indicator : Short term loans & advances
Field : st_loan_and_advance
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a company gives loans and advances to another company, such amounts are assets in the books of the lending
company. This data field captures the outstanding value of a company’s assets in terms of loans & advances, which
are current/short term in nature. Short term loans & advances are those which are expected to be repaid within a
It must be noted that this field only captures loans & advances of non-finance companies (companies other than
banks and non-banking finance companies). Short term loans & advances of finance companies are captured in a
separate field called ’short term loans and advances by finance companies’. Short term loans & advances includes
the following:-
• Short term loans and advances to employees and directors
• Short term capital advances
• Short term loans provided to companies, departmental undertakings and business enterprises
• Short term deposits
• Short term advances recoverable in cash or kind
• Expenses paid in advance (short term); and
• Securitised assets & other loans, advances (short term)
CMIE reports ’loans & advances’ gross of the amount of provision made for doubtful loans & advances. The
amount of provisions is reported separately under liabilities.
balance sheet date.

S HORT TERM LOANS AND ADVANCES TO EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS 2627

Indicator : Short term loans and advances to employees and directors
Field : st_loans_adv_to_employees_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the short term loans and advances given by the company to employees and directors with a
maturity period of less than 12 months.
This disclosure is mandatory as per Schedule VI of the Companies Act.
This data field stores the value of the loans and advances that are due from the directors, officers, managers,
managing director or any other managerial personnel of the company.

2628 S HORT TERM CAPITAL ADVANCES

Indicator : Short term capital advances
Field : st_capital_advances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A capital advance is a loan given to help finance the purchase/acquisition/construction of a capital asset, i.e. an
asset that helps in generating revenues and profits. A capital asset can be in the form of fixed assets like plant &
machinery or land & buildings, equipments, etc. Such assets are owned for their role in contributing to revenues and
are not purchased for the purpose of resale. Thus,a capital advance is a loan given to help the borrowing company
acquire a capital asset. This data field captures the outstanding value of capital advances given by a company that
are short term/current in nature, i.e. they are expected to be recovered by the lending company within a period of
12 months from the balance sheet date.
balance sheet date.

S HORT TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO COMPANIES , DEPARTMENTAL UNDERTAKINGS AND BUSINESS
ENTERPRISES 2629

Indicator : Short term loans provided to companies, departmental undertakings and business
enterprises
Field : st_loans_to_cos_n_depts
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a residual field in the section ’short term loans & advances’. It captures the outstanding value
of loans and advances made by a company to departmental undertakings and to all other business enterprises and
companies. It includes all loans and advances to such entities, whether with or without interest, and whether to
group or other business enterprises. It also includes advances made to departmental undertakings such as State
Electricity Boards. It only captures short term loans, i.e. loans that are expected to be repaid within a period of 12
This field is relevant to non-finance companies (companies other than banks and non-banking finance companies).
Short term loans and advances by banks, and by non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) are captured elsewhere.
balance sheet date.

2630 S HORT TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Short term loans provided to group companies
Field : st_loans_to_gp_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of loans and advances given by a company to other business enter-
prises of the same business group. It includes all loans and advances, whether with or without interest. This field
only captures short term loans to group companies, i.e. loans that are expected to be repaid within a period of 12
Short term loans and advances by banks, and by non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) are captured elsewhere.
A company’s current assets in terms of short term loans provided to group companies can be bifurcated into two
categories, on the basis of whether they bear interest or not.
Accordingly, this data field has two child fields, namely:-
• Interest free short term loans provided to group companies; and
• Interest bearing short term loans provided to group companies
balance sheet date.

I NTEREST FREE SHORT TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO GROUP COMPANIES 2631

Indicator : Interest free short term loans provided to group companies
Field : st_int_free_loan_to_gp_co
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of all the interest-free loans and advances made by a company to
other business enterprises of the same business group. It captures that portion of interest free loans provided to
group companies that is short term/current in nature, i.e. which is expected to be recovered by the lending company
within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. It is a child of the field ’Short term loans provided to
group companies’. Usually, loans carry some rate of interest. However, in some cases, a company might choose
to lend money without charging interest. Likewise, a company might provide interest free short term loans to its
group companies, which is captured in this field.
Loans and advances by banks, and by non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) are captured elsewhere.
balance sheet date.

2632 I NTEREST BEARING SHORT TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Interest bearing short term loans provided to group companies
Field : st_int_bearing_loan_to_gp_co
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company might lend money to other companies in the same group as it belongs to. Such loans can either be long
term (non-current) or short term (current) in nature. Also, such loans can either be interest-free or interest-bearing
loans.
This data field captures the outstanding value of all the short term interest-bearing loans and advances made by a
company to other business enterprises of the same business group. It captures that portion of interest-bearing loans
provided to group companies that is short term/current in nature, i.e. which is expected to be recovered by the
lending company within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. It is a child of the field ’Short term
loans provided to group companies’.
balance sheet date.

S HORT TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 2633

Indicator : Short term loans provided to business enterprises
Field : st_loans_to_enterprises
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the loans and advances made by the company to other business enterprises that are not
of the same business group as the company. It captures the outstanding value of loans and advances provided no
non-group business enterprises, which are short term/current in nature, i.e. which are expected to be repaid within
a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. It includes all loans and advances, irrespective of whether they
are interest-bearing or not.
This data field has two child fields, namely:-
• Interest free short term loans provided to business enterprises; and
• Interest free short term loans provided to business enterprises
balance sheet date.

2634 I NTEREST FREE SHORT TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

Indicator : Interest free short term loans provided to business enterprises
Field : st_int_free_loans_to_enterprises
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the outstanding value of all the interest-free loans and advances made by a company to
other business enterprises which do not belong to the same business group as it does. It captures that portion of
interest free loans provided to other business enterprises that is short term/current in nature, i.e. which is expected
to be recovered by the lending company within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. It is a child of
the field ’Short term loans provided to business enterprises’. Usually, loans carry some rate of interest. However, in
some cases, a company might choose to lend money without charging interest. Likewise, a company might provide
interest free short term loans to other business enterprises, which is captured in this field.
balance sheet date.

I NTEREST BEARING SHORT TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO BUSINESS ENTERPRISES 2635

Indicator : Interest bearing short term loans provided to business enterprises
Field : st_int_bearing_loans_to_enterprises
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company might lend money to other companies, whether they belong to the same business group or not. Such
loans can either be long term (non-current) or short term (current) in nature. Also, such loans can either be interest-
free or interest-bearing loans.
This data field captures the outstanding value of all the short term interest-bearing loans and advances made by
a company to business enterprises other than those belonging to the same business group or business house. It
captures that portion of interest-bearing loans provided to non-group companies that is short term/current in nature,
i.e. which is expected to be recovered by the lending company within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet
date. It is a child of the field ’Short term loans provided to business enterprises’.
balance sheet date.

2636 S HORT TERM LOANS PROVIDED TO DEPARTMENTAL UNDERTAKINGS AND SEB S

Indicator : Short term loans provided to departmental undertakings and SEBs
Field : st_loans_to_dept_undertakings_sebs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company might lend money to any business enterprises, whether or not it belongs to the same business
group/business house or not. Some companies might also lend to departmental undertakings and state electric-
ity boards. Such loans might either be long term (non-current) or short term (current) in nature. This data field
specifically captures the outstanding value of loans and advances made by a company to departmental undertakings
such as the State Electricity Boards. It includes all loans and advances, irrespective of whether they are interest-
bearing or not, and which are short term in nature, i.e. they are expected to be repaid within a period of 12 months
from the balance sheet date.
This field is a child of the field ’Short term loans & advances’, which is relevant to non-finance companies (com-
panies other than banks and non-banking finance companies). Loans and advances by banks, and by non-banking
finance companies (NBFCs) are captured elsewhere.
balance sheet date.

S HORT TERM DEPOSITS 2637

Indicator : Short term deposits
Field : st_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company might place sums of money as deposits with various entities, for an array of reasons. It could be in
the form of a security deposit, or deposits with government or statutory bodies in general, or deposits in the form
of margin monies, or deposits required to be made in accordance with a statute, etc. This data field captures the
outstanding value of such deposits that have been placed on a short term basis, i.e. with the expectation that the
same will be returned within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.
This field is a child of the indicator ’short term loans & advances’. It is meant to capture data of companies other
than banks and non-banking finance companies.
balance sheet date.

2638 S HORT TERM SECURITY DEPOSITS

Indicator : Short term security deposits
Field : st_security_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the sum total of the various security deposits placed by the company which are expected to
be returned within one year of the balance sheet date.
A security deposit is a sum of money or other value paid by a company in advance against a transaction, to
compensate for any damage, non-payment or non-performance that may occur. It is money that actually belongs
to the company but is held by a third party. This amount will be utilised to offset any possible damage, non-
performance, or non-payments on part of the company that may occur in the future.

D EPOSITS WITH GOVERNMENT AND STATUTORY AUTHORITIES ( SHORT TERM ) 2639

Indicator : Deposits with government and statutory authorities (short term)
Field : st_deposits_with_govt_statutory_auth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sometimes, companies might have a dispute with government and statutory authorities with respect to amounts
demanded as fees or taxes or other statutory dues. Nevertheless, they are expected to pay the amount demanded as
a deposit, and then place their appeals against the amount demanded. This data field captures the sum total of the
various deposits kept by the company with government or statutory bodies, for a period not exceeding 12 months
from the balance sheet date, i.e. short term deposits with government and statutory authorities.
Short term deposits kept with the government or departmental authorities like customs, excise, income tax, sales tax,
etc., are reported in this data field. Thus, this data field would include amounts deposited with revenue authorities
for appeal with respect to disputed liabilities or amounts deposited with the government or state authorities for
obtaining license or amounts deposited by cellular companies with TRAI, etc.
This field is a child of the indicator ’short term loans & advances’. It is meant to capture data of companies other
than banks and non-banking finance companies.
balance sheet date.

2640 S HORT TERM MARGIN MONEY DEPOSITS

Indicator : Short term margin money deposits
Field : st_margin_money_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Sometimes, companies might need to seek access to borrowings in order to fund asset purchases. When an asset is
acquired with the help of borrowings, lenders rarely fund the full value of the asset. Buyers are expected to bring
in or contribute a certain percentage of the cost of the asset on their own. This contribution of the buyer is called
margin money. Companies are expected to keep their contribution as a deposit with the lender.
In the context of security transactions, margin money is the money deposited by an investor with the stockbroker
or a stock exchange, in order to mitigate default risks. Such short term margin money deposits are also captured in
this field.
This data field captures the value of the margin money deposits placed by the company with lenders, which are
short term in nature.
their assets and liabilities into non-current and current portions. Similarly, margin money deposits can be classified
on the basis of their tenure, into ’long term’ and ’short term’. Where a margin money deposit is to be maintained
for a period not exceeding 12 months from a balance sheet date, it is classified as a short term investment. This
data field captures such short term margin money deposits.

OTHER SHORT TERM DEPOSITS 2641

Indicator : Other short term deposits
Field : st_oth_deposits
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a residual one. It captures the outstanding value of all short term deposits apart from the ones for
which separate data fields already exist on Prowess, namely:-
• Short term security deposits
• Deposits with government and statutory authorities (short term); and
• Short term margin money deposits
Short term deposits are those which are expected to be returned within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet
date. Hence, this field captures the outstanding value of short term deposits which have been placed for reasons
other than the three mentioned above. Where a company reports a short term deposit which can not be allocated
elsewhere, it is captured by this field. Also, if a company simply reports ’short term deposits’ without elaborating
on the nature of the deposit, it is captured in this field.
This field is a child of the indicator ’short term deposits’ under ’short term loans & advances’. It is meant to capture
data of companies other than banks and non-banking finance companies.
balance sheet date.

2642 S HORT TERM ADVANCES RECOVERABLE IN CASH OR KIND

Indicator : Short term advances recoverable in cash or kind
Field : st_adv_due_in_cash_kind
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Companies often provide advances to their suppliers for many things such as the purchase of finished goods or
purchase of raw materials as per commercial practice prevailing. Companies might also pay for certain expenses
in advance. Such advances outstanding at the end of an accounting period, and therefore standing as current assets
in the books of a company are captured in this data field. Advances like these are largely recoverable in kind, i.e.
through the providing of services or supply of goods. Sometimes, however, if goods or services can not be supplied,
the advance might also be recovered in terms of cash, i.e. a cash refund might happen.
This data field captures the value of advances recoverable in cash or kind that are short term in nature, i.e. which
are expected to be written off within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.
balance sheet date.
this data field, they simply report an aggregate value of advances recoverable in cash or kind, which can be found
under the auto-calculations section of the query builder on Prowess.

S HORT TERM ADVANCES DUE FROM GROUP COMPANIES 2643

Indicator : Short term advances due from group companies
Field : st_adv_due_frm_gp_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
It is common for a company to enter into transactions with its group companies (associate companies and other
companies belonging to the same business group as the company being studied), including subsidiaries. Transac-
tions could be in the form of supply of raw materials or services, or simply loans and advances being given.
A company might pay an advance to its group/associate companies or subsidiaries for the future purchase of
finished goods or raw materials, etc. Certain services availed from group companies can be paid for in advance.
Ideally, such advances are recoverable in the form of goods/services. Sometimes, however, they could become
recoverable in cash on non-performance of the underlying transaction. It is also possible for companies to lend to
their group companies/associates/subsidiaries, in case funds are required for working capital needs or for projects,
etc.
This data field captures the amounts paid as an advance for supplies, or expenses paid for in advance, or loans &
advances given to group/associate/subsidiary companies, which are short term in nature, i.e. which are expected to
be written off within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. In other words, the good or services for
which the advances have been paid are expected to be provided within 12 months from the balance sheet date. In
case such goods or services can not be provided, a cash refund is expected within 12 months.
balance sheet date.
Since banks are not required to adhere to the IFRS-based guidelines of the revised schedule VI, they do not need to
classify their assets into long term (non-current) and short term (current) categories. Hence, in the context of this
data field, they simply report an aggregate value of advances due from group companies, which can be found under
the auto-calculations section of the query builder on Prowess.

2644 E XPENSES PAID IN ADVANCE ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Expenses paid in advance (short term)
Field : st_adv_payment_of_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
In the accrual system of accounting, which almost all companies follow, an expense is recorded in a company’s
profit & loss account only in the year in which such an expense arises/accrues. If, however, a company has paid
for an expense before it has actually accrued, it is an advance payment, and is therefore an asset in the hands of
the entity paying such an advance. This data field captures the value of a company’s expenses paid in advance or
prepaid expenses. This data field particularly deals with short term expenses paid in advance, i.e. such an asset
against which the relevant expense is expected to accrue within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.
balance sheet date.
to classify their assets into long term (non-current) and short term (current) categories. They simply report an
aggregate value of expenses paid in advance, which can be found in the auto-calculations section of the query
builder on Prowess.
This data field has three child indicators based on the expense head for which an advance has been paid. These
indicators are:-
• Advance payment of tax (short term)
• MAT credit accumulated (short term)
• Other prepaid expenses including indirect taxes paid (short term)

A DVANCE PAYMENT OF TAX ( SHORT TERM ) 2645

Indicator : Advance payment of tax (short term)
Field : st_adv_payment_tax
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
the entity paying such an advance. This data field captures the value of taxes paid by a company in advance or
prepaid taxes. This data field particularly deals with short term advance payment of taxes, i.e. such an advance
against which the actual tax expenses are expected to accrue/arise within a period of 12 months from the balance
sheet date.
balance sheet date.
prepaid tax expenses, they simply report an aggregate value of taxes paid in advance, which is taken care of by a
separate field under the auto-calculations section of the query builder on Prowess.

2646 MAT CREDIT ACCUMULATED ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : MAT credit accumulated (short term)
Field : st_mat_credit_accum
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A company prepares its profit & loss statement as per the Companies Act. However, a company pays taxes on
income computed as per the provisions of Income Tax Act. There were a large number of companies who were
not paying income tax because they did not have taxable income computed as per the Income Tax Act. However,
these companies were making profits as per their profit & loss statement (book profits). So while these companies
made profits and declared dividends to shareholders, they did not contribute anything to the government exchequer.
In order to bring such companies under the tax net, the Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT) was introduced under
section 115JB of the Income Tax Act.
Under MAT, a company is required to pay either minimum tax of 18.5 per cent (current MAT rate) on book profits
or regular tax on income computed as per the Income Tax Act, whichever is higher. When a company pays MAT,
it gets credit for the amount of MAT paid in excess of normal taxes.
When a company pays MAT, it gets credit for the amount of MAT paid in excess of normal taxes. This credit can be
availed or utilised in subsequent years, when it starts paying normal income tax. The year in which the company is
entitled to a MAT credit, it creates an asset as "MAT credit entitlement". Possible MAT entitlements in subsequent
years keep getting added to this. This will appears on the asset side of the balance sheet under loans & advances.
This data field captures the value of a company’s accumulated MAT credit. It pertains to accumulated MAT credit
which is short term/current in nature, in particular. Short term accumulated MAT credit is that portion which is
expected to be utilised/written off within a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date.
balance sheet date. However, these guidelines are not applicable to banking companies.

OTHER PREPAID EXPENSES INCLUDING INDIRECT TAXES PAID ( SHORT TERM ) 2647

Indicator : Other prepaid expenses including indirect taxes paid (short term)
Field : st_oth_prepaid_exp_incl_indirect_taxes
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
the entity paying such an advance. This data field captures the value of all expenses other than taxes and MAT
credit accumulated which have been paid for by a company before they have accrued, i.e. in advance. In ordinary
circumstance, such a write off will occur with the actual accrual of the underlying expense. This data field captures
the total value of a company’s other prepaid expenses, i.e. an aggregate of the values of a company’s short term
other prepaid expenses.
into ’Current’ and ’Non-current’ categories. Non-current assets are those that are expected to be held for a pe-
riod exceeding 12 months, and current assets are those that are expected to be written off within 12 months from
the balance sheet date. Accordingly, a company’s other prepaid expenses are also required to be segregated into
non-current and current categories. This data field, captures prepaid expenses which are short term in nature.

2648 S ECURITISED ASSETS & OTHER LOANS , ADVANCES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Securitised assets & other loans, advances (short term)
Field : st_sectsd_ast_oth_loans_adv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Securitised assets & other loans and advances (short term) are one of the sub-categories of a company’s short term
loans & advances under current assets. This data field is a residual field, capturing the sum of the values of assets
which have been securitised, and the residual value of all other classes of loans and advances that are not captured
elsewhere. In other words, it is a residual sum for all kinds of short term loans and advances other than loans to
employees and directors, capital advances, loans to companies, departmental undertakings & business enterprises,
term deposits, advances recoverable in cash or kind and expenses paid in advance.
Apart from residual other loans & advances, this data field also captures the value of short term securitised assets.
Securitisation refers to the conversion of existing assets or future cash flows into marketable securities, which can
then be sold in the market. The future cash flows from financial assets such as loans & advances, trade receivables,
fare collections, etc., effectively become the security against which borrowings are raised. Since the lender is
assured of regular cash inflows, the degree of credit-worthiness is enhanced. Securitisation helps convert illiquid
assets or future receivables into immediate and current cash flows.
balance sheet date.
Since banks are not required to adhere to the IFRS-based guidelines of the revised schedule VI, they do not need to
classify their assets into long term (non-current) and short term (current) categories. Hence, in the context of this
data field, they simply report an aggregate value of securitised assets & other loans, advances, which can be found
under the auto-calculations section of the query builder on Prowess.

S HORT TERM SECURITISED ASSETS AND LOANS 2649

Indicator : Short term securitised assets and loans
Field : st_sectsd_ast_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Short term securitised assets and loans are one of the components of a company’s short term loans & advances,
featuring under current assets. This data field captures the value of a company’s current assets which have been
securitised. Short term securitised assets essentially means that the assets are expected to be written off within a
This data field captures the outstanding value of all of a company’s current assets which have been securitised, as
on any given balance sheet date. Securitisation refers to the conversion of existing assets or future cash flows into
marketable securities, which can then be sold/traded. The future cash flows from financial assets such as loans &
advances, trade receivables, fare collections, etc., become the security against which borrowings are raised. Since
the lender is assured of regular cash inflows, the degree of credit-worthiness is enhanced. Securitisation helps
convert otherwise illiquid assets or future receivables into immediate and current cash flows.
balance sheet date.
this data field, they simply report an aggregate value of securitised assets, which can be found under the auto-
calculations section of the query builder on Prowess.

2650 OTHER SHORT TERM LOANS & ADVANCES

Indicator : Other short term loans & advances
Field : st_oth_loans_adv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field stores the short term loans and advances given by the company with a maturity period of less than
12 months.
This disclosure is mandatory as per Schedule VI of the Companies Act. The schedule classifies Loans and advances
into Long term loans and advances and Short-term loans and advances.
This data field stores the sum of all loans and advances made by a company (other than banks and NBFCs). This
includes loans provided to other business enterprises, to employees and directors and securitised assets outstanding.
Securitisation is the process by which financial assets such as loan receivables, mortgage backed receivables, credit
card balances, hire-purchase debtors, lease receivables, trade debtors, etc., are transformed into securities. Financial
assets such as loan assets, mortgages, credit card balances, hire-purchase debtors, trade debtors, etc., or defined
rights therein, are transferred, fully or partly, by the owner (the Originator) to a Special Purpose Entity (SPE) in
return for an immediate cash payment and/or other consideration. The assets so transferred are the ’securitised
assets’.
CMIE generally reports Loans and Advances reduced by the amount of provision made for doubtful loans and
advances. However, where the amount of doubtful debts reported cannot be related to loans or advances, CMIE
then reports the amount of loans and advances gross of the amount of provision for doubtful debts and the amount
of provision is reported separately under liabilities.

A SSETS HELD FOR SALE AND TRANSFER ( SHORT TERM ) 2651

Indicator : Assets held for sale and transfer (short term)
Field : st_asst_held_sale
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Assets held for sales and transfer are those assets for which the carrying amount will be recovered principally
through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use.
This data field captures the value of current assets held by a company for sale and transfer. The amount of such
assets is recorded at lower of cost or net realisable value.

2652 U NAMORTISED EXPENSES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Unamortised expenses (short term)
Field : st_misc_exp_not_written_off
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Unamortised expenses shown in the balance sheet of companies represent a variety of expenditure items which are
not entirely charged to the profit & loss account in the year in which they are incurred, but are carried forward in
the balance sheet to be written off in subsequent periods.
Certain expenses are carried forward in the balance sheet as the cost incurred is not expected to yield the benefit
immediately but over a number of years. Such expenses are not charged to income but are deferred in the future
and written off from the balance sheet over the years.
Thus, the amount of deferred expenses that have not been charged to the profit & loss account are reported under
unamortised expenses. This is a calculated data field and is sum of the following:
• Ancillary borrowing costs
• Preliminary expenses (short term)
• Unamortised licence fees (short term)
• Technical know-how fees (short term)
• Unamortised goodwill (short term)
• Pre-operative expenses (short term)
• Capital issue expenses (short term)
• Voluntary retirement scheme expenses (short term)
• Promotional and product development expenses (short term)
• Other miscellaneous expenses not written off (short term)
• Less: miscellaneous expenses adjusted against reserves (short term)
This data field captures the current portion of all unamortised expenses. This means expenses that are charged to
the balance sheet but which are to be written off within 12 months from the reporting date.
to 2010-11.

A NCILLARY BORROWING COSTS 2653

Indicator : Ancillary borrowing costs
Field : st_ancillary_borrowing_costs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is the child field of total unamortised expenses carried forward in the balance sheet. The unamortised
portion of ancillary borrowing costs as on the balance sheet date is captured in this data field. The current portion
of unamortised ancillary borrowing costs is reported here, i.e., the portion that is expected to be written off within
the next 12 months.
Ancillary borrowing costs which are carried forward in the balance sheet are the cost incurred in connection with
the arrangement of borrowings which is attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that
necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale.
to 2010-11.

2654 P RELIMINARY EXPENSES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Preliminary expenses (short term)
Field : st_misc_exp_prel_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Preliminary expenses are expenses incurred for the incorporation of a company. They may be paid by the promoters
before the company is incorporated or by the company after it is incorporated. And they include professional
charges paid for drafting of memorandum of association (MOA) and articles of association (AOA), professional
charges for consultation in incorporating the company, cost of printing of the initial copies of MOA and AOA, stamp
duty for the documents, registration fee paid to the Registrar of Companies (RoC) for incorporation, bank charges
incurred on the above, incidental expenses such as stationary, conveyance and so on incurred for incorporation,
accountants’ and valuers’ fee for reports, certificates, etc., cost of company’s seal and original books of account as
well as statistical and statutory books.
Preliminary expenses are capitalised and amortised i.e. charged proportionately over a reasonable period of time.
The period over which these preliminary expenses are to be amortised is best left to the judgment of the directors
of the company. AS 26 suggests writing off intangible assets over a period of 10 years, though a different period is
permissible if it is justified in the opinion of the management. It is a common practice to write off these preliminary
expenses in a period of five years, though there is no legal provision to this effect. A company can as well write off
its preliminary expenses in the same year as it incurs.
Prowess reports the unamortised portion of preliminary expenses in this data field. The current portion of pre-
liminary expenses is captured here. This is the unamortised portion which is expected to be written off within 12
to 2010-11.

U NAMORTISED LICENCE FEES ( SHORT TERM ) 2655

Indicator : Unamortised licence fees (short term)
Field : st_misc_exp_licence_fees
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
License is defined as official right or permit to own or use a resource for a specific period of time. Thus any fees
paid for such official permit is referred as License fees.
Tele-communication companies are required to pay huge amounts of licence fees to the Department of Telecommu-
nication for using spectrum. These amounts are determined on the basis of the subscriber base of these companies.
Since these amounts are very huge, companies would amortise them over a period of time instead of treating them
as a one-time charge to the profit & loss account.
Prowess reports the unamortised portion of licence fees in this data field. The current portion of licence fees is
captured here. This is the unamortised portion which is expected to be written off within 12 months from the date
to 2010-11.

2656 T ECHNICAL KNOW- HOW FEES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Technical know-how fees (short term)
Field : st_misc_exp_tech_know_fees
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
These are the fees paid by companies for their technical collaboration. These collaborations could be either for
some special techniques in the manufacturing process, or in the setting up of some project or plant.
In accordance with AS 26 - Intangible Assets, companies may classify technical know-how fees as intangible assets
and may not report it under unamortised expenses.
CMIE relies on the management perception for classifying technical know-how fees. If the management perceives
technical know-how fees as intangible asset, Prowess also reports it as intangible assets. However, if the manage-
ment perceives it to be just a deferral of revenue expenses, and thus classifies it as an unamortised expense, Prowess
also provides the same treatment in such a case.
Prowess reports the unamortised portion of technical know-how fees in this data field. The current portion of
technical know-how fees is captured here. This is the unamortised portion which is expected to be written off
to 2010-11.

U NAMORTISED GOODWILL ( SHORT TERM ) 2657

Indicator : Unamortised goodwill (short term)
Field : st_misc_exp_amort_val_goodwill
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The Institute Of Chartered accountants Of India issued AS - 26 on intangible assets, which became mandatory
from April 2003. Since then, companies by and large classify goodwill as an intangible asset and thus do not report
it under unamortised expenses. Prior to this, companies treated goodwill as miscellaneous expenditure not written
off.
Prowess relies on the management perception for classifying goodwill. If the management perceives goodwill as
intangible asset, Prowess also reports it as intangible assets. However if the management perceives it to be just
a deferral of revenue expenses, and thus classifies it as an unamortised expense, Prowess also provides the same
treatment in such a case.
Prowess reports the unamortised portion of goodwill in this data field. The current portion of unamortised goodwill
fees is captured here. This is the unamortised portion which is expected to be written off within 12 months from
the date of the balance sheet.
to 2010-11.

2658 P RE - OPERATIVE EXPENSES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Pre-operative expenses (short term)
Field : st_misc_exp_preoperative_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Pre-operative expenses include expenditure incurred in the pre-production period at the time of setting up of a
project which do not result into any identifiable fixed assets. They include pre-operative and trial run expenditure
pending allocation.
For a new company, these are the expenses incurred after the formation of the company but before the commence-
ment of business/ commercial production. For an existing company, these are the expenses incurred for setting up
a new project i.e. expenses incurred before the commercial production from the new project begins.
Capital expenditure which can be identified with respect to fixed assets are directly capitalised to the cost of assets.
Those which cannot be identified are classified as unamortised and reported under this data field. These are usually
amortised over a period of three to five years. These expenses have to be appropriately capitalised to the cost of
project/plant. However, till the time they are unallocated they are reported under unamortised expenses.
This data field captures the current portion of unamortised pre-operative expenses. This is the portion which is
unamortised but is expected to be written off within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
to 2010-11.

C APITAL ISSUE EXPENSES ( SHORT TERM ) 2659

Indicator : Capital issue expenses (short term)
Field : st_misc_exp_cap_issues_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Capital issue expenses are expenses incidental to the issue of equity and preference shares, GDR, debenture and
FCCB. They include cost of printing, advertising and issue of prospectus, cost of preparing, printing and stamp-
ing debenture trust deed, letter of allotment, brokerage or commission on underwriting or subscription of shares,
discount on issue of shares, documentation charges, listing fees and other expenses related to the issue.
Capital issue expenses are expected to generate a benefit over a number of years. Hence, these are amortised and
the balance amount, not written off, is reported in the balance sheet under the head unamortised expenses.
This data field captures the current portion of unamortised capital issue expenses. This is the portion which is
unamortised but is expected to be written off within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
to 2010-11.

2660 VOLUNTARY RETIREMENT SCHEME EXPENSES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Voluntary retirement scheme expenses (short term)
Field : st_misc_exp_vrs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
VRS expenses constitute the compensation paid by a company to its employees towards premature voluntary re-
tirement under a special scheme introduced by the company. Compensation paid to employees opting for VRS
schemes can run into huge sums. Some companies may decide to amortise these expenses over a period of time
rather than treating it as a one-time charge and charging it against the revenue of a single year. The VRS expenses
that are yet to be charged to revenue are then carried forward in the balance sheet on the asset side as unamortised
expenses.
The current portion of unamortised amount of VRS expenses is reported in this data field. This is the portion which
is unamortised but is expected to be written off within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
to 2010-11.

P ROMOTIONAL AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES ( SHORT TERM ) 2661

Indicator : Promotional and product development expenses (short term)
Field : st_misc_exp_promotional_exp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Promotional expenses are huge advertisement and marketing expenses incurred either at the time of launching of a
new product or brand building of existing products.
Product development expenses refer to expenses on the research and development of the product. Some companies
amortise their promotional / product development expenses over a number of years, and do not charge it against the
revenue of a single year. The promotional and product development expenses that are yet to be charged to revenue
are carried forward in the balance sheet on the asset side as unamortised expenses.
The current portion of unamortised amount of promotional and product development expenses is reported in this
data field. This is the portion which is unamortised but is expected to be written off within 12 months from the
balance sheet date.
to 2010-11.

2662 D EFERRED PREMIUM ON FORWARD CONTRACT ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Deferred premium on forward contract (short term)
Field : st_misc_exp_deff_prem_fwrd_contract
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

OTHER MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES NOT WRITTEN OFF ( SHORT TERM ) 2663

Indicator : Other miscellaneous expenses not written off (short term)
Field : st_oth_misc_exp_not_w_off
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
If the company discloses any miscellaneous expenses to be written off other than for preliminary expenses, license
fees, technical know-how fees, good will, pre-operative expenses, capital issues, VRS and promotional or product
development expenses, CMIE reports them under this data field.
Only the current portion of unamortised amount of miscellaneous expenses is reported in this data field. This is the
portion which is unamortised but is expected to be written off within 12 months from the balance sheet date.
to 2010-11.

2664 L ESS : MISC . EXP. ADJUSTED AGAINST RESERVES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Less: misc. exp. adjusted against reserves (short term)
Field : st_misc_exp_not_wo_merger
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

B IOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS ( CURRENT ) 2665

Indicator : Biological assets excluding bearer plants (current)
Field : biological_assets_current
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2666 O PENING BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS ( CURRENT )

Indicator : Opening biological assets excluding bearer plants (current)
Field : biological_assets_current_op_bal
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

P URCHASES / DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS ( CURRENT ) 2667

Indicator : Purchases/development of biological assets excluding bearer plants (current)
Field : biological_assets_current_pur
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2668 FAIR VALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS ( CURRENT )

Indicator : Fair valuation of biological assets excluding bearer plants (current)
Field : biological_assets_current_fv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

S ALES / DISPOSALS OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS ( CURRENT ) 2669

Indicator : Sales/disposals of biological assets excluding bearer plants (current)
Field : biological_assets_current_sale
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2670 T RANSFER TO INVENTORY FROM BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS ( CURRENT )

Indicator : Transfer to inventory from biological assets excluding bearer plants (current)
Field : biological_assets_current_trf
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

A DDITION TO GFA DUE TO FLUCTUATION IN FOREX RATE 2671

Indicator : Addition to gfa due to fluctuation in forex rate
Field : gfa_addn_dueto_to_forex_fluct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
There might be instances wherein fixed assets have been purchased on credit, and the payment is to be done in
terms of foreign currency. Such purchase transactions are susceptible to uncertainty with respect to historical costs,
since the amount spent is subject to exchange rate fluctuations. This data field captures the addition to the gross
fixed assets of a company that arises because of a change in the exchange rate of the currency between the date of
acquisition of the asset and the date of the balance sheet.
This is a balancing entry in cases where the assets are acquired on credit and a change in the currency exchange
rate increases the liability of the company. In such cases, the value of the asset is increased correspondingly by the
same amount as the increase in the liability. Such an increase in the cost of acquisition is reported in this data field.
It is an addendum information field.

2672 D EDUCTION TO GFA DUE TO FLUCTUATION IN FOREX RATE

Indicator : Deduction to gfa due to fluctuation in forex rate
Field : gfa_deduct_dueto_forex_fluct
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
since the amount spent is subject to exchange rate fluctuations. This data field captures the deduction from the
gross fixed assets of a company, warranted by a change in the exchange rate of the currency between the date of
acquisition of the asset and the date of the balance sheet.
rate results in a decrease in the liability of the company towards the creditor. In such cases, the value of the asset is
reduced by the same amount as the decrease in the liability. Such a decrease in the cost of acquisition is reported
in this data field. It is an addendum information field.

T OTAL A DDITION IN DEPRECIATION DUE TO FLUCTUATION IN FOREX RATE 2673

Indicator : Total Addition in depreciation due to fluctuation in forex rate
Field : add_dep_fluctuate_forex_rate
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
since the amount spent is subject to exchange rate fluctuations. Consequently, uncertainty with respect to amount
of depreciation to be written off will also arise. Accordingly, an increase or decrease in the amount originally
written off as depreciation will be warranted, depending on the prevailing foreign exchange rate and its impact on
the historical cost of the fixed asset.
This data field captures the total addition to the depreciation of a company’s gross fixed assets, warranted by a
change in the exchange rate of the currency between the date of acquisition of the asset and the date of the balance
sheet.
rate increases the liability of the company and consequently, the cost of acquisition. In such cases, the value of
depreciation thereon is bound to increase. Such an increase in depreciation is captured in this data field. It is an
addendum information field.

2674 T OTAL D EDUCTION IN DEPRECIATION DUE TO FLUCTUATION IN FOREX RATE

Indicator : Total Deduction in depreciation due to fluctuation in forex rate
Field : add_ded_fluctuate_forex_rate
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
since the amount spent is subject to exchange rate fluctuations. Consequently, uncertainty with respect to amount
of depreciation to be written off will also arise. Accordingly, an increase or decrease in the amount originally
written off as depreciation will be warranted, depending on the prevailing foreign exchange rate and its impact on
the historical cost of the fixed asset.
This data field captures the total deduction from the value of depreciation of a company’s gross fixed assets, war-
ranted by a change in the exchange rate of the currency between the date of acquisition of the asset and the date of
the balance sheet.
rate reduces the liability of the company and consequently, the cost of acquisition. In such cases, the value of
depreciation thereon is bound to decrease. Such a decrease in depreciation is captured in this data field. It is an
addendum information field.

L EASED OUT ASSETS , GROSS 2675

Indicator : Leased out assets, gross
Field : leased_out_ast_gross
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total gross value of all the assets that a company owns but has leased out. Assets like
plant & machinery, vehicles, building premises can be leased out. However, this data field only captures the value
of assets leased out via an operating lease, and not through financial leases.
In an operational lease, the company continues to own the leased out asset after the lease has lapsed. On the other
hand, a financial lease gradually transfers all the risks and rewards attached to the leased out asset to the lessee.
When a finance lease lapses, the ownership of the asset comes to be transferred to the lessee and therefore, the
substance of the transaction is in the nature of a sale. Thus, assets leased out via finance leases are not considered
as leased out assets, and are not captured in this field.
Prior to 1 April 2001, no distinction was made between operating and finance leases while defining leased out
assets. Therefore, while generating a time series data having data prior to 1 April 2001, the entire gross value of
leased out assets irrespective of the type of lease will be found to have captured in this field, because a bifurcation
did not exist at that time.
This data field is an addendum information field pertaining to gross fixed assets.

2676 B UILDING LEASED OUT

Indicator : Building leased out
Field : leased_out_asst_building
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total gross value of fixed assets in terms of building premises that are owned by a
company, but have been leased out. This field only captures the value of building premises leased out on operating
lease basis and not on financial lease. This is because in an operational lease, the company continues to own the
leased out assets after the lease lapses. On the other hand, the lapsing of a financial lease culminates in the transfer
of all the risks and rewards attached to the asset to the lessee and therefore, the substance of the transaction is in
the nature of a sale. Thus, such assets are not considered as leased out assets.
assets. Therefore, while generating a time series data having data prior to 1 April 2001, the entire gross value
of leased out assets, irrespective of the type of lease, will be found to have been captured in this field, because a
bifurcation did not then exist.
This data field is an addendum information field.

P LANT AND MACHINERY LEASED OUT 2677

Indicator : Plant and machinery leased out
Field : leased_out_ast_plant_mach
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total gross value of fixed assets in terms of plant & machinery that are owned by a
company, but have been leased out to other enterprises. This field only captures the value of plant & machinery
assets that have been leased out on operating lease basis, and not those that have been leased out on financial lease.
This is because in an operational lease, the company continues to own the leased out assets after the lease lapses.
On the other hand, at the end of a finance lease, all the risks and rewards attached to the asset get transferred to the
lessee. Therefore, in essence, the substance of the transaction is in the nature of a sale. Thus, assets leased out via
finance leases are not captured in this field.
Prior to 1 April 2001, there was no distinction was made between operating and finance leases with respect to the
definition of leased out assets. Therefore, while generating a time series data having data prior to 1 April 2001, the
entire gross value of leased out assets, irrespective of the type of lease, will be found to have been captured in this
field, because a bifurcation did not then exist.

2678 V EHICLES LEASED OUT

Indicator : Vehicles leased out
Field : leased_out_ast_vehicles
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total gross value of a company’s fixed assets in terms of vehicles, which have been
leased out. This field only includes the value of vehicles leased out on an operating lease basis, and not those
leased out on finance lease. In an operational lease, the company continues to own the leased out assets after the
lease period lapses. On the other hand, the lapsing of a finance lease culminates in the transfer of all the risks and
rewards attached to the asset in favour of the lessee, and therefore, the substance of the transaction is in the nature
of a sale. Thus, such assets are not considered as leased out assets.
assets. Therefore, while generating a time series data having data prior to 1 April 2001, the entire gross value
of leased out assets, irrespective of the type of lease, will be found to have been captured in this field, because a

OTHER LEASED OUT ASSETS 2679

Indicator : Other leased out assets
Field : leased_out_ast_oth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total gross value of all assets other than building premises, plant and machinery and
vehicles that a company owns but has leased out. It includes only assets that have been leased out on an operating
lease basis, and not those leased out on finance lease. This is because in an operational lease, the company continues
to own the leased out assets after the lease lapses. However, in a finance lease, all the risks and rewards attached to
the asset get transferred to the lessee when the lease period lapses, and therefore, the substance of the transaction
is in the nature of a sale.
assets. Therefore, while generating a time series data having data prior to 1 April 2001, the entire gross value of
other leased out assets, irrespective of the type of lease, will be found to have been captured in this field, because a

2680 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON LEASED OUT ASSETS

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on leased out assets
Field : cumm_dep_leased_out_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the cumulative value, i.e. the depreciation accumulated on all the assets that a company
owns but has leased out. Assets like plant & machinery, vehicles, building premises can be leased out. However,
this data field only captures the value of accumulated depreciation on assets leased out via an operating lease, and
not through finance leases. This is because the right of claiming depreciation on assets leased out via a finance
lease vests with the lessee.
In an operational lease, the company continues to own the leased out asset after the lease has lapsed. On the other
hand, a financial lease gradually transfers all the risks and rewards attached to the leased out asset to the lessee.
It therefore follows that depreciation thereon can be claimed by the lessor. On the other hand, when a finance
lease lapses, the ownership of the asset comes to be transferred to the lessee and therefore, the substance of the
transaction is in the nature of a sale. Thus, assets leased out via finance leases are not considered as leased out
assets, and depreciation thereon can not be claimed by the lessor.
assets. Therefore, while generating a time series data having data prior to 1 April 2001, the value of cumulative
depreciation thereon is inflated and not comparable with data of more recent years, since depreciation was computed
on the entire gross value of leased out assets irrespective of the type of lease, because a bifurcation did not exist at
that time.
This data field is an addendum information field pertaining to gross fixed assets.

L EASED IN ASSETS , GROSS 2681

Indicator : Leased in assets, gross
Field : leased_in_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total gross value of all assets taken by a company on lease. It includes buildings, plant
and machinery and vehicles, apart from other assets taken on lease. A company might take assets either on an
operating or financial lease. This data field, however, only captures assets that have been taken on a finance lease.
This field does not include assets like leasehold land that are generally leased for a long period such as 99 years.
Instead, these are taken as part of the land assets of the company.
This data field has child indicators to capture values pertaining to each of the asset categories mentioned above,
namely buildings, plant & machinery. vehicles, and others. It also has a child field to capture cumulative deprecia-
tion on all leased-in assets taken together.

2682 L EASED IN BUILDINGS

Indicator : Leased in buildings
Field : leased_in_building
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is one of the child indicators listed under the field "leased in assets, gross". It captures the gross
value of buildings taken on lease by a company. Buildings can be taken either on finance lease or on operating
lease. This field, however, only pertains to buildings taken on finance lease.
Buildings that have been taken on lease, albeit as an investment property are not considered as part of this data
field. It only includes buildings taken on finance lease for use in business and for operations.
A company’s fixed assets schedule and notes to accounts of the annual report might specify which assets have been
taken on lease. This data field captures only the gross value of such buildings which have been taken on lease. The
accumulated depreciation thereon is captured elsewhere.

L EASED IN PLANT AND MACHINERY 2683

Indicator : Leased in plant and machinery
Field : leased_in_plant_mach
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is one of the child indicators listed under the field "leased in assets, gross". It captures the gross value
of plant & machinery taken on lease by a company. Assets can either be taken on finance lease or on operating
lease. This field, however, only captures the gross value of plant & machinery taken on finance lease.
A company’s fixed assets schedule and notes to accounts of the annual report might specify which assets have been
taken on lease. This data field captures only the gross value of such plant & machinery which have been taken on
lease. The accumulated depreciation thereon is captured separately.

2684 L EASED IN VEHICLES

Indicator : Leased in vehicles
Field : leased_in_vehicles
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is one of the child indicators listed under the field "leased in assets, gross". It captures the gross
value of vehicles taken on lease by a company. Assets can either be taken on finance lease or on operating lease.
This field, however, only captures the gross value of vehicles taken by a company on finance lease.
Information on which fixed assets have been taken on lease, and their gross values are available on companies’
fixed assets schedule and notes to accounts of their annual reports. This data field captures only the gross value of
such vehicles which have been taken on lease. The accumulated depreciation thereon is captured separately.

L EASED IN OTHERS ASSETS 2685

Indicator : Leased in others assets
Field : leased_in_oth_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The data field "leased in assets, gross" has child indicators to capture information on various categories of fixed
assets that have been taken by a company on lease. There are separate fields to capture the gross values of leased-in
buildings, plant & machinery and vehicles. This data field is residual in nature, i.e. it is used to capture the gross
value of all other leased-in fixed assets other than buildings, plant & machinery and vehicles.
Assets can either be taken on finance lease or on operating lease. This field, however, only captures the gross value
of other assets taken on finance lease. A company’s fixed assets schedule and notes to accounts of the annual report
might specify which assets have been taken on lease.
This data field captures only the gross value of such other assets which have been taken on lease. The accumulated
depreciation thereon is captured separately.

2686 C UMULATIVE DEPRECIATION ON LEASED IN ASSETS

Indicator : Cumulative depreciation on leased in assets
Field : leased_in_cum_dep
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
the purpose of business. Hence, in the case of lease agreements, it is usually the lessor who claims depreciation
charges on assets leased out.
In certain cases, however, the lessee is allowed to claim depreciation on assets it has taken on lease from lessors.
This data field captures the cumulative value of depreciation charges accumulated on assets taken on lease by
companies.
A special bench of the Mumbai Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (SB) in the case of M/s. Indusind Bank held that
with respect to finance lease agreements, where the risks and rewards of ownership of assets get transferred to the
lessee at the end of the lease period, it is the lessee who is entitled to claim depreciation on the said assets. The
lessee, in such cases, is the ’de facto’ owner as against the lessor, who has only symbolic ownership of the asset.

A DDITION TILL DATE IN FIXED ASSETS DUE TO REVALUATION 2687

Indicator : Addition till date in fixed assets due to revaluation
Field : addition_in_fixed_ast_due_to_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field includes the cumulative amount of additions made to the total fixed assets of a company of account
of an upward revaluation, till the date of the current balance sheet.
does not show a true and fair picture of the balance sheet, by failing to depict the current monetary value of the asset.
price at prevailing rates. In such a case, the asset are revalued upwards so as to reflect a price closer to market
prices.

2688 T OTAL CUMULATIVE IMPAIRMENT OF FIXED ASSETS AND OTHER DIMINUTION / ADJUSTMENTS

Indicator : Total cumulative impairment of fixed assets and other diminution/adjustments
Field : impaired_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An asset is said to be impaired if its carrying cost is greater than its recoverable value. Carrying cost is the net
cost of an asset as reflected in the balance sheet (i.e. gross fixed asset value less cumulative depreciation) and
recoverable value of an asset is usually the higher of either the net selling price or its value derived from estimates
of discounted future cash flows from the asset. This data field captures the total value of impairment on all asset
classes in a company’s books.
An asset impairment can be construed to be the decrease in the fair value of an asset due to damage, obsolescence,
etc. When an asset is impaired, the company has to record a loss in the books and decrease the value of the assets
in the balance sheet. Indian companies are required to follow Accounting Standard 28 (AS-28) as issued by the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India with respect to the treatment of asset impairment.

C UMULATIVE I MPAIRMENT OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS 2689

Indicator : Cumulative Impairment of intangible assets
Field : impaired_intangible_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of discounted future cash flows from the asset. This data field captures the total value of impairment on a company’s
intangible assets.
This data field captures the sum total of impairment of intangible assets such as goodwill, software, copyrights,
patents, trademarks, brands, technical know-how and licences, among other similar assets.

2690 I MPAIRMENT OF GOODWILL

Indicator : Impairment of goodwill
Field : impair_of_goodwill
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
intangible asset in the form of goodwill.
This data field captures the sum total of impairment of a company’s goodwill. A company’s goodwill can undergo
impairment due to various reasons, some of which are adverse economic or legal environment, effect of adverse
interest rate movements, effect of plans to discontinue or restructure operations, and negative reputation-hurting
news.

I MPAIRMENT OF SOFTWARE 2691

Indicator : Impairment of software
Field : impair_of_sw
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
intangible asset in the form of software systems.
This data field captures the sum total of impairment of a company’s software systems. A company’s software
systems can undergo impairment by way of obsolescence, legal restrictions, issues of compatibility with changes in
technology and infrastructure, among other reasons. In today’s fast computer age with rapid changes in technology,
software systems are usually rendered obsolete very quickly.

2692 I MPAIRMENT OF MINING RIGHTS

Indicator : Impairment of mining rights
Field : mining_rights_impair
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF LICENSES & TRADE RELATED RIGHTS 2693

Indicator : Impairment of licenses & trade related rights
Field : licence_rights_impair
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2694 I MPAIRMENT OF BRANDS & TRADEMARK

Indicator : Impairment of brands & trademark
Field : brand_trademark_impair
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF PATENTS & COPYRIGHTS 2695

Indicator : Impairment of patents & copyrights
Field : patent_copyright_impair
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2696 I MPAIRMENT OF TECHNICAL KNOWHOW INCLUDING PRODUCT DESIGNS / FORMULAE ETC .

Indicator : Impairment of technical knowhow including product designs/formulae etc.
Field : tech_knowhow_impair
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS 2697

Indicator : Impairment of other intangible assets
Field : impair_of_oth_intangible_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of discounted future cash flows from the asset. This data field captures the total value of impairment on all of a
company’s intangible assets apart from goodwill and software systems.
This data field captures the sum total of impairment of all of a company’s intangible assets apart from goodwill
and software systems. This includes assets like copyrights, patents, trademarks, brands, technical know-how and
licences among similar other assets.

2698 I MPAIRMENT OF LAND AND BUILDING

Indicator : Impairment of land and building
Field : impaired_land_building
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
assets in terms of land and building properties. Such an impairment can occur by way of physical damage, evidence
of consistent lower-than-expected cash flows from the said assets, decline in market value, adverse changes in the
technological, regulatory or economic environment, etc.
When an asset is impaired, the company has to record a loss in the books and decrease the value of the assets in the
balance sheet. Indian companies are required to follow Accounting Standard 28 (AS-28) as issued by the Institute
of Chartered Accountants of India with respect to the treatment of asset impairment.

I MPAIRMENT OF LAND 2699

Indicator : Impairment of land
Field : impair_of_land
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An asset is said to be impaired if its carrying cost is greater than its recoverable value. Carrying cost is the net cost
of an asset as reflected in the balance sheet (i.e. gross fixed asset value less cumulative depreciation/cumulative
amortisation) and recoverable value of an asset is usually the higher of the net selling price or its value derived from
estimates of discounted future cash flows from the asset. This data field captures the total value of impairment on
a company’s assets in terms of land holdings. In the case of land, impairment can occur only if the historical cost
can not be recovered and exceeds the book value.

2700 I MPAIRMENT OF LEASEHOLD IMPROVEMENTS

Indicator : Impairment of leasehold improvements
Field : leasehold_improvmnt_impair
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS - BEARER PLANTS 2701

Indicator : Impairment of biological assets - bearer plants
Field : bearer_plants_impair
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2702 I MPAIRMENT OF MINING / OIL & GAS PROPERTIES

Indicator : Impairment of mining / oil & gas properties
Field : oil_gas_prop_impair
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF BUILDING 2703

Indicator : Impairment of building
Field : impair_of_building
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Impairment of an asset is said to have occurred if its carrying cost is greater than its recoverable value. The carrying
cost of any asset is the net cost thereof as reflected in the balance sheet (i.e. gross fixed asset value less cumulative
depreciation/cumulative amortisation), and the recoverable value is usually the higher of the net selling price or its
value derived from estimates of discounted future cash flows that are expected to arise from the asset. This data
field captures the total value of impairment on a company’s assets in terms of building properties.

2704 I MPAIRMENT OF PLANT & MACHINERY, COMPUTERS AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

Indicator : Impairment of plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations
Field : impair_of_plant_mach_computer_elec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
field captures the total value of impairment on a company’s assets in terms of plant & machinery, computer systems
and electrical installations.
This data field captures the sum total of such impairment of plant and machinery and other similar assets. The other
similar assets include computer systems and electrical installations. The impairment can mainly occur because of
damage, or obsolescence, or non-compatibility with new technology and infrastructure, among other factors.

I MPAIRMENT OF PLANT AND MACHINERY 2705

Indicator : Impairment of plant and machinery
Field : impair_of_plant_mach
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
field captures the total value of impairment on a company’s plant & machinery assets.
This data field captures the sum total of such impairment of plant and machinery. The impairment can mainly occur
because of damage, or obsolescence, or non-compatibility with new technology and infrastructure, among other
factors.

2706 I MPAIRMENT OF COMPUTERS AND IT SYSTEMS

Indicator : Impairment of computers and IT systems
Field : impair_of_computer_it
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
field captures the total value of impairment on a company’s assets in terms of computer and IT systems.
This data field captures the sum total of impairment losses on a company’s computer and IT systems and peripher-
als. Such impairment can occur due to damage, or obsolescence or due to a fall in market prices of such assets.

I MPAIRMENT OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS 2707

Indicator : Impairment of electrical installations
Field : impair_of_elec_install_fitting
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
field captures the total value of impairment on a company’s electrical installations and fittings.

2708 I MPAIRMENT OF TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE

Indicator : Impairment of transport & communication equipment & infrastructure
Field : impair_of_transport_comm_equip_infra
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
depreciation), and the recoverable value is usually the higher of the net selling price or its value derived from
estimates of discounted future cash flows that are expected to arise from the asset. This data field captures the total
value of impairment on a company’s assets in terms of transport & communication equipment and infrastructure.

I MPAIRMENT OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 2709

Indicator : Impairment of transport infrastructure
Field : impair_of_transport_infra
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
value of impairment on a company’s assets in terms of transport infrastructure. Some examples of assets that fall
in this class are railway sidings, bridges, rolling stock, jetties, pipelines, etc.

2710 I MPAIRMENT OF TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES

Indicator : Impairment of transport equipment and vehicles
Field : impair_of_transport_vehicles
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
value of impairment on a company’s assets in terms of transport equipment and vehicles.

I MPAIRMENT OF COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT 2711

Indicator : Impairment of communication equipment
Field : impair_of_comm_equip
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
value of impairment on a company’s assets in terms of communication equipment.

2712 I MPAIRMENT OF FURNITURE , SOCIAL AMENITIES AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS

Indicator : Impairment of furniture, social amenities and other fixed assets
Field : impair_of_furn_social_oth_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
value of impairment on a company’s assets in terms of furniture & fittings, social amenities and other miscellaneous
fixed assets.

I MPAIRMENT OF FURNITURE AND FIXTURES 2713

Indicator : Impairment of furniture and fixtures
Field : impair_of_furn_and_fixtures
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An asset is said to have undergone impairment if its carrying cost is greater than its recoverable value. The carrying
depreciation). Recoverable value is the price that the asset is expected to command in case it is liquidated, and is
represented by an amount which is usually the higher of the net selling price or its value derived from estimates
of discounted future cash flows that are expected to arise from the asset. This data field captures the total value of
impairment on a company’s assets in terms of furniture & fittings and fixtures.

2714 I MPAIRMENT OF SOCIAL AMENITIES

Indicator : Impairment of social amenities
Field : impair_of_social_amenities
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
An asset is said to have undergone impairment if its carrying cost is greater than its recoverable value. The carrying
depreciation). Recoverable value is the price that the asset is expected to command in case it is liquidated, and is
represented by an amount which is usually the higher of the net selling price or its value derived from estimates
of discounted future cash flows that are expected to arise from the asset. This data field captures the total value of
impairment on a company’s social amenities fixed assets.

I MPAIRMENT OF OTHER FIXED ASSETS 2715

Indicator : Impairment of other fixed assets
Field : impair_of_oth_fixed_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
of discounted future cash flows from the asset. Companies are required to follow ICAI’s AS-28 on impairment of
assets.
A company may decide that in its opinion, the value of an asset has been impaired for some reason.
This data field captures the sum total of such impairments relating to assets that cannot be classifed as intangible
assets, land and buildings, plant, machinery and equipment, transport and communication equipment or furniture,
fittings and amenities.

2716 I MPAIRMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS

Indicator : Impairment of biological assets excluding bearer plants
Field : biological_assets_impair
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

T OTAL IMPAIRMENT OF FIXED ASSETS FOR THE YEAR 2717

Indicator : Total impairment of fixed assets for the year
Field : impair_fixed_assets_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2718 I MPAIRMENT OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Impairment of intangible assets for the year
Field : impair_intangible_assets_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF GOODWILL FOR THE YEAR 2719

Indicator : Impairment of goodwill for the year
Field : impair_goodwill_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2720 I MPAIRMENT OF SOFTWARE FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Impairment of software for the year
Field : impair_software_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF MINING RIGHTS FOR THE YEAR 2721

Indicator : Impairment of mining rights for the year
Field : impair_mining_rights_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2722 I MPAIRMENT OF LICENSES & TRADE RELATED RIGHTS FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Impairment of licenses & trade related rights for the year
Field : impair_licence_rights_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF BRANDS & TRADEMARK FOR THE YEAR 2723

Indicator : Impairment of brands & trademark for the year
Field : impair_brand_trademark_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2724 I MPAIRMENT OF PATENTS & COPYRIGHTS FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Impairment of patents & copyrights for the year
Field : impair_patent_copyright_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF TECHNICAL KNOWHOW INCLUDING PRODUCT DESIGNS / FORMULAE ETC . FOR THE YEAR2725

Indicator : Impairment of technical knowhow including product designs/formulae etc. for the
year
Field : impair_tech_knowhow_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2726 I MPAIRMENT OF OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Impairment of other intangible assets for the year
Field : impair_oth_intng_assets_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF TANGIBLE ASSETS /PPE FOR THE YEAR 2727

Indicator : Impairment of tangible assets/PPE for the year
Field : impair_ppe_for_year
Data Type :
Unit : Currency

2728 I MPAIRMENT OF LAND AND BUILDING FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Impairment of land and building for the year
Field : impair_land_build_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF PLANT & MACHINERY, COMPUTERS AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS FOR THE YEAR 2729

Indicator : Impairment of plant & machinery, computers and electrical installations for the
year
Field : impair_plant_comp_elec_instl_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2730 I MPAIRMENT OF TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT & INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Impairment of transport & communication equipment & infrastructure for the year
Field : impair_transport_commn_eqpt_infra_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I MPAIRMENT OF FURNITURE AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS FOR THE YEAR 2731

Indicator : Impairment of furniture and other fixed assets for the year
Field : impair_furn_soc_amenity_oth_fa_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2732 I MPAIRMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS EXCLUDING BEARER PLANTS FOR THE YEAR

Indicator : Impairment of biological assets excluding bearer plants for the year
Field : impair_biological_assets_for_year
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

L ONG TERM TRADE RECEIVABLES OUTSTANDING FROM KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL (KMP) AND
ENTITIES IN WHICH KMP ARE INTERESTED 2733

Indicator : Long term trade receivables outstanding from key management personnel(KMP)
and entities in which KMP are interested
Field : lt_trade_recv_outsdg_kmp_ent
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is an addendum information of assets.
The revised schedule VI requires companies to classify assets and liabilities as current and non-current. If there is
a trade receivable not meeting the criteria of current asset as per the definition in the revised schedule VI, it has to
be presented under long term trade receivables.
Additionally, companies are required to separately state the amount of receivables due from directors or other
officers of company or debts due by firms or private companies in which director is a partner or a director or a
member.
The long term portion of the receivables due from directors or other officers of a company or debts due by firms or
private companies in which director is a partner or a director or a member, is captured in this data field.

2734 B OOK VALUE OF QUOTED INVESTMENTS ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Book value of quoted investments (short term)
Field : st_bv_of_quoted_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Investment in shares, debt instruments and other units which have an official listing on any recognised stock exch-
nange are termed as quoted investments. Thus, quoted investments are those which are traded on any recognised
exchange have a quoted market price.
This data field captures the total book value of quoted investments by a company in shares, debt instruments &
units of group companies and other companies as well as government securities for the short term i.e. for a period
of less than 12 months.

B OOK VALUE OF SHARES , DEBT INSTRUMENTS & UNITS OF GROUP COMPANIES ( SHORT TERM ) 2735

Indicator : Book value of shares, debt instruments & units of group companies (short term)
Field : st_bv_of_quoted_invest_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
its group companies for the short term i.e. for a period of less than 12 months.

2736 B OOK VALUE OF SHARES , DEBT INSTRUMENTS & UNITS OF OTHER COMPANIES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Book value of shares, debt instruments & units of other companies (short term)
Field : st_bv_of_quoted_invest_oth_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The book value of quoted investments by a company in shares, debt instruments & units of companies other than
its group companies for a period of less than 12 months is reported in this data field.
Quoted investments are those that are listed on a recognised stock exchange and have a quoted market price.

B OOK VALUE OF QUOTED GOVT. SECURITIES ( SHORT TERM ) 2737

Indicator : Book value of quoted govt. securities (short term)
Field : st_bv_of_quoted_invest_govt_sec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The book value of investments by a company in quoted government securities for a period of less than 12 months
Quoted investment are those which are traded on a recognised stock exchange and have a quoted market price.

2738 M ARKET VALUE OF QUOTED INVESTMENTS ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Market value of quoted investments (short term)
Field : st_mkt_val_quoted_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Since quoted investments are traded on a recognised exchnage, they have a visible market valuation.
This data field captures the total market value of all quoted investments by a company for the short term, i.e. for a
period of less than 12 months. The market value is an on the date of the balance sheet.
The market value of quoted investments is ideally the amount obtainable from the sale of an investment in an open
market.

S HORT TERM MARKETABLE SECURITIES 2739

Indicator : Short term marketable securities
Field : st_marketable_sec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the book value of all investments in marketable securities for a period of less than 12
months. Marketable securities are all securities which are traded on a recognised exchange or for which there are
quoted market prices. These include all quoted investments in shares, debt instruments & units of group companies
and other companies, government securities and mutual funds.
The net asset value (NAV) of a mutual fund scheme is publicly available even if the mutual fund investment is
“unquoted”. Most mutual fund units can be sold either through an exchange or through the Asset Management
Company itself. Such a price need not necessarily be available only on a securities exchange. Prowess thus
includes the book value of Mutual funds whether “quoted” or “unquoted” under marketable securities.

2740 S HORT TERM MARKETABLE SECURITIES OF GROUP COMPANIES

Indicator : Short term marketable securities of group companies
Field : st_marketable_sec_of_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the book value of investments in marketable securities of group companies. Only those
investments that are made for a period of less than 12 months are reported here.

S HORT TERM MARKETABLE SECURITIES OF OTHER COMPANIES 2741

Indicator : Short term marketable securities of other companies
Field : st_marketable_sec_of_oth_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the book value of investments in marketable securities of non-group companies. Only those
investments that are made for a period of less than 12 months are reported here.

2742 OTHER SHORT TERM SECURITIES

Indicator : Other short term securities
Field : st_oth_marketable_sec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Marketable securities are all securities which are traded on a recognised exchange or for which there are quoted
market prices. These include all quoted investments in shares, debt instruments & units of group companies &
other companies, government securities & mutual funds.
Some Annual report do not specify the nature of marketable securities. Value of such marketable securities is
captured under this data field.Only those investments that are made for a period of less than 12 months are reported
in this data field.

S HORT TERM TRADE INVESTMENTS 2743

Indicator : Short term trade investments
Field : st_trade_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Trade investments are those that are made to promote and secure one’s business. In other words, investments made
in the securities of companies with which the investing enterprise has a relationship as a supplier, customer and the
like. For example, steel manufacturer Tata Steel has trade investments in equity shares of Tata Metaliks (supplier),
Tata Sponge Iron (supplier) and Tinplate Company of India (customer), among others as on 31 March 2013. Trade
investments can either be quoted or unquoted.
This data field captures the book value of all short term trade investments made by a company. Short-term invest-
ments include all investments made for a period of less than 12 months.

2744 S HORT TERM NON - TRADE INVESTMENTS

Indicator : Short term non-trade investments
Field : st_non_trade_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the book value of non-trade investments with a maturity period of less than 12 months.
Disclosure regarding trade and non-trade investment is mandatory as per Schedule VI of the Companies act. The
schedule classifies investments into trade investment and other investment. The other investments are what is
referred to as non-trade investments in Prowess.
In general parlance, trade investments are those that are made to promote and secure one’s business. In other words,
it is investment made by a company in shares or debentures of those companies with which the investing enterprise
has relationship as a supplier, customer and the like.
Non-trade investments are investments made by an enterprise in shares and bonds of those companies which are
not related to its business. These are the investments made by the company for the purpose of efficiently utilising
surpluses generated from the business. For example, when FMCG company Hindustan Unilever invests in shares
of companies like Scooters India Limited, it is a non-trade investment. Non-trade investments can either be quoted
or unquoted.
Non-trade investments generally exclude the investments made by the company into its business associates, sub-
sidiaries and other strategic business partners.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENTS OUTSIDE I NDIA 2745

Indicator : Short term investments outside India
Field : st_invest_abroad
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total value of all investments made by a company outside India. The overseas invest-
ments could be in equity shares, preference shares, debt instruments, mutual funds, or other investments such as in
immovable properties, capital of partnership firms, etc.
Only those overseas investments that have a maturity period of 12 months or less are reported here.

2746 OF WHICH : OVERSEAS INVESTMENTS IN GROUP COMPANIES ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Of which: overseas investments in group companies (short term)
Field : st_invest_abroad_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The book value of all short term investments in shares and bonds of group companies which are located outside
India are reported in this data field.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENTS LODGED AS SECURITY 2747

Indicator : Short term investments lodged as security
Field : st_invest_lodged_as_guarantee
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the total value of short term investments made by a company that have been lodged with
lenders as security.
A company may have taken loans / borrowings from banks / financial institutions / others. Such loans may be
secured by way of mortgage / pledge of fixed assets or hypothecation of goods or deposit of securities owned by
the borrower. Value of investments which are charged in favour of the lender are reported by borrowing companies
in their balance sheet with a note to accounts stating that these investments have been given as a security for loans
taken. The value of investments lodged as security with a maturity period of less than 12 months is captured in this
data field.

2748 N ON PROVISION FOR DIMIN IN VALUE OF INVESTMENTS ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Non provision for dimin in value of investments (short term)
Field : st_non_prov_dimun_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
whether or not a company earns any profit. Provisions are normally charged to a company’s profit & loss account
Such reduction in value is known as diminution. A company may not make such provision either due to inadequate
profits or for any other reason. However, the financial statements of the company disclose the amount by which
the value of its investments have reduced during the year. This data field captures the amount of non-provision for
diminution in value of short-term investments.

N ON PROVN . FOR DIMIN IN VALUE OF INVST OF GROUP COS . ( SHORT TERM ) 2749

Indicator : Non provn. for dimin in value of invst of group cos. (short term)
Field : st_non_prov_dimun_invest_gp
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Such reduction in value is known as diminution. A company may not make such provision (either due to inadequate
profits or for any other reason). However, the financial statements of the company disclose the amount by which
diminution in value of short-term investments made in securities of group companies.

2750 N ON PROVN . FOR DIMIN IN VALUE OF OTHER INVSTS . ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Non provn. for dimin in value of other invsts. (short term)
Field : st_non_prov_dimun_oth_invest
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Such reduction in value is known as diminution. A company may not make such provision (either due to inadequate
profits or for any other reason). However, the financial statements of the company disclose the amount by which
diminution in value of short-term investments made in securities of companies other than its group companies.

S HORT TERM LOANS & ADVANCES CONSIDERED GOOD & SECURED 2751

Indicator : Short term loans & advances considered good & secured
Field : st_loans_adv_deem_good_secure
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of short term loans and advances given by a non-finance company with a maturity
period of less than 12 months.
It stores the value of all those loans that the company considers as good in terms of their being serviced or likely to
be serviced as expected in the future and those that are secured with appropriate collateral or guarantees.
This is a subset of the total short term loans and advances of the company as on the balance sheet date.

2752 S HORT TERM LOANS & ADVANCES CONSIDERED GOOD BUT NO SECURITY

Indicator : Short term loans & advances considered good but no security
Field : st_loans_adv_deem_good_unsec
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field captures the value of short term loans and advances given by a non-finance company with a maturity
period of less than 12 months.
It captures the value of all those loans that the company considers as good in terms of their being serviced or likely
to be serviced as expected in the future. But, these loans are not secured with appropriate collateral or guarantees.
etc.
This data field is a subset of the total short term loans and advances of the company as of the balance sheet date.

S HORT TERM LOANS & ADVANCES CONSIDERED BAD & DOUBTFUL 2753

Indicator : Short term loans & advances considered bad & doubtful
Field : st_loans_adv_deem_bad_doubtful
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is an addendum information field for short term loans & advances. It captures the value of all those
short term loans that in the company’s view are not being serviced or are not expected to be serviced in the future.
The loans are unlikely to be repaid or the interest on them is unlikely to be paid on time.
The revised schedule VI requires companies to classify their assets and liabilities into current and non-current
portions, i.e. into long term and short term portions. Such data is only available from the financial year 2011-12
onwards. Corresponding data for years prior to that is recorded in the field ’Loans & advances considered bad &
doubtful’.
Sometimes, companies fail to report doubtful loans and advances in the P & L, balance sheet and notes to accounts.
In such a case, the Auditors’ Report provides information about the amount of doubtful loans and advances and the
amount of provision the company was supposed to make.

2754 S HORT TERM LOANS & ADVANCES DUE FROM FIRMS IN WHICH DIRECTORS , ETC ARE INTERESTED

Indicator : Short term loans & advances due from firms in which directors, etc are interested
Field : st_loans_adv_due_frm_director_interested_cos
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
As per Accounting Standard 18 (AS-18) on ’Related Party Disclosures’, companies are required to make disclo-
sures of transactions between the company and its related parties. As per AS-18, parties are related if at any time
during a reporting year, either party has the ability to control the other or exercise significant influence over the
other in making financial and/or operating decisions.
This data field captures the outstanding value of the short term loans and advances given to business entities in
which the reporting company’s directors and/or management have a substantial interest.

S HORT TERM LOANS & ADVANCES DUE FROM DIRECTORS , MD AND MANAGERS 2755

Indicator : Short term loans & advances due from directors,md and managers
Field : st_loans_adv_due_frm_directors_managers
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
The revised schedule VI, among many other disclosures, mandates the disclosure of the outstanding amounts due
arising from loans & advances given to a company’s directors, MD, managers and other officers. This data field
captures such loans and advances which are short term in nature. It is an addendum information field of short term
loans & advances.

2756 M AXIMUM AMOUNT DUE FROM DIRECTORS , ETC . ( SHORT TERM )

Indicator : Maximum amount due from directors, etc. (short term)
Field : st_max_amt_due_frm_directors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This is an addendum information field that captures data forming part of a company’s short term loans & advances.
A company might advance loans to its directors, or its Managing Director, or its managers, or to any other officer
on its payrolls. This field captures the maximum value of the amount due from them with a maturity period of 12
months or less.

N ON PROVISION FOR BAD AND DOUBTFUL LOANS & ADVANCES ( SHORT TERM ) 2757

Indicator : Non provision for bad and doubtful loans & advances (short term)
Field : st_non_prov_bad_loans_adv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
Usually a provision is made for all debts that are doubtful. However, sometimes it so happens that a company might
not make such a provision in its balance sheet, but discloses the amount in its notes. In some cases, a company
might not make such a provision, but its auditor might draw attention to such a non-provision in the auditor’s report.
In such cases, Prowess captures such non-provisions for bad and doubtful loans & advances.
This field is an addendum information field. It captures the value of non-provisions pertaining to bad and doubtful
loans & advances which are short term in nature.

2758 O F WHICH : INCREASE IN SHORT TERM INVENTORIES DUE TO CHANGE IN VALUATION

Indicator : Of which : increase in short term inventories due to change in valuation
Field : st_chg_in_val_inventories
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a part of addendum information of assets. Companies do valuation of the inventories lying with
them at the end of every accounting period. The increase in value of short term inventories due to any change in
valuation is captured in here.
This is an additional information for short term inventories disclosed by companies in their annual reports.

OF WHICH : DECREASE IN SHORT TERM INVENTORIES DUE TO CHANGE IN VALUATION 2759

Indicator : Of which : decrease in short term inventories due to change in valuation
Field : st_decr_in_val_inventories
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a part of addendum information of assets. Companies do valuation of the inventories lying with
them at the end of every accounting period. The decrease in value of short term inventories due to any change in
valuation is captured in here.
This is an additional information for short term inventories disclosed by companies in their annual reports.

2760 O F WHICH : PROVISION / WRITE OFF OF SHORT TERM INVENTORIES DUE TO OBSOLESCENCE

Indicator : Of which : provision / write off of short term inventories due to obsolescence
Field : st_write_off_due_to_obsc
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a part of addendum information of short term inventories. The amount of provision or write off
of inventories due to obsolescence is captured here.
This is an additional information disclosed by companies in their annual report.

E XCISE DUTY ON STOCK OF FINISHED GOODS ( SHORT TERM ) 2761

Indicator : Excise duty on stock of finished goods (short term)
Field : st_excise_duty_fgstk
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a part of addendum information of short term inventories. The amount of excise duty on closing
inventory of finished goods is captured here.
The amount of excise duty that companies deduct from gross sales is the excise duty on the quantity of goods sold
during the year. However, companies are also required to pay excise duty on goods manufactured which remain
unsold at the end of the year. This is an additional information disclosed by companies in their annual report.

2762 T OTAL ASSETS NET OF REVAL

Indicator : Total assets net of reval
Field : tot_asset_net_miscexp_now_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is a part of derived indicators of assets. It presents the value of a company’s assets after making
adjustments for revaluation as per Accounting Standard 10 (AS-10) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India (ICAI).
Although it is a relatively uncommon practice, sometimes companies revalue their assets as per the guidelines
laid down in para 13 of AS-10. Revaluation leads to non-comparability of the value of assets at the end of the
year in which revaluation was done vis-a-vis the value in earlier years. Also, if such assets have to be compared
with similar assets belonging to peer companies, then such a comparison would be misleading. Therefore, the
need arises to separately show the value of assets both before and after considering revaluation adjustments. This
indicator does precisely this. It facilitates the separate disclosure of the outstanding value of total assets without
revaluation adjustment, the value of total assets net of revaluation and the value of revaluation reserves outstanding.
Like revaluation can inflate the size of assets, expenses not charged to the profit and loss account but carried forward
in the balance sheet to be written off in subsequent years also have the same effect. They inflate the size of the
balance sheet. Therefore, even these are reduced from the total assets.

G ROSS FIXED ASSETS NET OF REVAL 2763

Indicator : Gross fixed assets net of reval
Field : gfa_net_of_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is one of the indicators under the field ’Assets net of revaluation’ under Prowess’ data fields section
pertaining to ’Derived Indicators of Assets’. It presents the value of a company’s gross fixed assets after making
adjustments for revaluation as per Accounting Standard 10 (AS-10) issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants
of India (ICAI).
indicator does precisely this. It facilitates the separate disclosure of the outstanding value of a company’s gross
fixed assets, i.e. the historical cost of a company’s fixed assets without revaluation adjustment, the value of gross
fixed assets net of revaluation and the value of revaluation reserves outstanding.
balance sheet. Therefore, even these are reduced from the value of gross fixed assets.

2764 N ET FIXED ASSETS NET OF REVAL

Indicator : Net fixed assets net of reval
Field : nfa_net_of_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
This data field is one of the indicators under the field ’Assets net of revaluation’ under Prowess’ data fields section
pertaining to ’Derived Indicators of Assets’. It can be simply defined as a field that presents the value of a company’s
net fixed assets after making adjustments for revaluation as per Accounting Standard 10 (AS-10) issued by the
Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).
indicator does precisely this. It facilitates the separate disclosure of the outstanding value of a company’s net fixed
assets without revaluation adjustment, the value of net fixed assets net of revaluation and the value of revaluation
reserves outstanding.
balance sheet. Therefore, even these are reduced from the value of net fixed assets.

S HORT TERM CASH AND BANK BALANCE (D ERIVED ) 2765

Indicator : Short term cash and bank balance (Derived)
Field : cash_n_st_bank_bal
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2766 G ROSS FIXED ASSETS , NET ADDITION IN YEAR

Indicator : Gross fixed assets, net addition in year
Field : gfa_net_addn_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

G OODWILL , NET ADDITION IN YEAR 2767

Indicator : Goodwill, net addition in year
Field : goodwill_net_addn_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2768 P LANT, NET ADDITION IN YEAR

Indicator : Plant, net addition in year
Field : plant_net_addn_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

C OMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT, NET ADDITION IN YEAR 2769

Indicator : Communication equipment, net addition in year
Field : comm_equip_net_addn_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2770 C OMPUTER IT, NET ADDITION IN YEAR

Indicator : Computer IT, net addition in year
Field : computer_it_net_addn_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

E LECTRICAL INSTALLATION & FITTINGS , NET ADDITION IN _ YEAR 2771

Indicator : Electrical installation & fittings, net addition in_year
Field : elec_install_fitting_net_addn_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2772 S OFTWARE , NET ADDITION IN YEAR

Indicator : Software, net addition in year
Field : sw_net_addn_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

T RANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE , NET ADDITION IN YEAR 2773

Indicator : Transport infrastructure, net addition in year
Field : transport_infra_net_addn_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2774 T RANSPORT VEHICLES , NET ADDITION IN YEAR

Indicator : Transport vehicles, net addition in year
Field : transport_veh_net_addn_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

B UILDING , NET ADDITION IN YEAR 2775

Indicator : Building, net addition in year
Field : building_net_addn_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2776 OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETES , NET ADDITION IN YEAR

Indicator : Other intangible assetes, net addition in year
Field : oth_intng_ast_net_addn_in_yr
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

F URNITURE , SOCIAL AND OTHER FIXED ASSETS , NET ADDITION IN YEAR 2777

Indicator : Furniture, social and other fixed assets, net addition in year
Field : net_furn_social_oth_fxd_ast
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2778 T OTAL ACCRUED INCOME INCL INTEREST RECEIVABLES

Indicator : Total accrued income incl interest receivables
Field : total_accr_inc_incl_int_recv
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

AVERAGE TOTAL ASSETS NET OF REVAL 2779

Indicator : Average total assets net of reval
Field : avg_tot_asset_net_miscexp_now_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a value from the income & expenditure statement is compared to another from the balance sheet (such as
when comparing profits to assets) the outcome of a period is compared to the status as of a point in time. Profit
is the outcome of a year’s business and assets is the status as of the end of the year. Such a comparison would be
slightly flawed.
Most businesses grow and it is safe to assume that some assets became available in the midst of the year. The
value of total assets outstanding at the beginning of the year would then be understated if this value is used for a
comparison. Likewise, if a comparison is made with a balance sheet number as at the end of a year, such a value
would not consider the occurrence of any asset sold in the middle of the year. Such a value of assets would be
understated, since it is possible that the company had more assets at its disposal for a majority of the year before a
part of the assets were disposed. Hence, it becomes necessary to arrive at a more credible valuation of total assets.
A good approximation of the value of assets available during an accounting period is the average of the outstanding
values at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year. Although not a perfect number, it offers a much
more credible base for comparison. This indicator provides such an average of total assets. Revaluation reserves
and miscellaneous expenses not written off are reduced from the total assets as of both, the beginning of the year
and at the end of the year. These are reduced to ensure that revaluations, if any, do not distort the year-on-year
comparisons.

2780 AVERAGE GROSS FIXED ASSETS NET OF REVAL

Indicator : Average gross fixed assets net of reval
Field : avg_gfa_net_of_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
slightly flawed, unless we refine one of these indicators to make them comparable.
Most businesses grow and it is safe to assume that some assets are procured during the course of the year. The
value of gross fixed assets outstanding at the beginning of the year would then be understated, since it would ignore
assets that have been added mid-year. Likewise, if a comparison is made with the value of gross fixed assets as at
the end of a year, such a value would not consider the occurrence of any fixed asset sold in the middle of the year.
Such a value of gross fixed assets would be understated, since it is possible that the company had more assets at
its disposal for a majority of the year before a part of the assets were sold/transferred/disposed. Hence, it becomes
necessary to arrive at a more credible valuation of gross fixed assets.
A good approximation of the value of gross fixed assets available during an accounting period is the average of the
outstanding values at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year. Although not a perfect number, it offers
a much more credible base for comparison. This indicator provides such an average of a company’s gross fixed
assets.

AVERAGE NET FIXED ASSETS NET OF REVAL 2781

Indicator : Average net fixed assets net of reval
Field : avg_nfa_net_of_reval
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
slightly flawed, unless we refine one of these indicators to make them comparable.
Since most businesses grow, it is likely that some fixed assets are procured during the course of the year. If that is
the case, then taking the value of net fixed assets outstanding at the beginning of any given year would mean taking
an understated value of net fixed assets, since it would ignore assets that have been added mid-year. If assets were
acquired in the second month of a financial year, then a higher value of assets would have actually been available
at the disposal of the company, and for a major portion of the year. Likewise, if a comparison is made with the
value of net assets as at the end of a year, such a value would not consider the possibility of reduction in fixed
assets by way of a sale/disposal/transfer during the middle of the year. Such a value of net fixed assets would be
understated, since it is possible that the company had more assets at its disposal for a majority of the year before
a part of the assets were sold/transferred/disposed. Alternately, an overstating of assets is also possible. Hence, it
becomes necessary to arrive at a more credible valuation of gross fixed assets.
A good approximation of the value of net fixed assets for an accounting period is the average of the outstanding
values thereof at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year. Although not a perfect number, it offers a
much more credible base for comparison. This indicator provides an average of a company’s net fixed assets.

2782 AVERAGE DEBTORS

Indicator : Average debtors
Field : avg_debtors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
There are various ratios and derived indicators that help analyse a company’s performance in terms of returns,
profitability, efficiency of assets, etc. Ratios of certain indicators as a percentage of assets like debtors can be
computed and analysed. The ratio of credit sales to average debtors, for instance, can serve as an indicator of a
company’s efficiency in extending credit and recovering debt. What is important in such a ratio is the method of
arriving at a proper valuation of debtors for the purpose of this ratio.
Most businesses grow, and it is safe to assume that debtors grow year after year as the business grows. Hence, sim-
ply taking debtors as the outstanding value at the end of a year would mean taking an overstated value as compared
to the sales during the year. Correspondingly, if the comparison is made with the debtors as of the beginning of the
year, it would amount to an understatement of the value of debtors as compared to the sales generated during the
year. Hence, the need to derive a more reliable valuation of debtors, which would be representative of the value for
a year arises.
A good method of arriving at an approximation of the value of any asset, in this case debtors, for an accounting
period is the average of the outstanding values at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year. Such an
average seeks a middle ground from the absolute extremes of the opening and closing balances.
This indicator captures the value of the average debtors of a company. It is used specifically in the computation of
the debtors turnover ratio. The debtors turnover ratio would be the ratio of sales generated during a year compared
to the average debtors. Further, the debtors used here is the gross debtors (gross of provisions).

AVERAGE LOAN AND ADVANCES 2783

Indicator : Average loan and advances
Field : avg_loan_advance_nbfcs
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
profitability, efficiency of assets, etc. Ratios of certain indicators as a percentage of assets like loans and advances
can be computed and analysed. For instance, if someone wants to find out the effective rate of interest earnings on
loans disbursed by a company, it would make sense to compute the ratio of a company’s interest earnings to the the
value of loans disbursed. However, what is important in such a ratio is the method of arriving at a proper valuation
of loans and advances so that the resulting ratio is reliable.
Since most businesses grow, it is very likely that loans were disbursed during the middle of the year, and these did
not generate any interest income during the year. In such a case, taking the outstanding value of loans and advances
at the year-end would mean an overstatement of loans for the purpose of this ratio. Correspondingly, simply picking
up the outstanding value of loans and advances at the beginning of the year would mean an understatement of loans.
Hence, the need to derive a more reliable valuation of loans and advances, which would be representative of the
value for a year arises.
A good method of arriving at an approximation of the value of any asset, in this case loans and advances, for an
accounting period is the average of the outstanding values at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year.
Such an average seeks a middle ground from the absolute extremes of the opening and closing balances.
This indicator is exclusively relevant to finance companies, i.e. banks and non-banking finance companies
(NBFCs). It captures the value of the average loans and advances of banking and non-banking finance compa-
nies.

2784 AVERAGE NET WORTH

Indicator : Average net worth
Field : avg_networth
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
profitability, efficiency of assets, etc. A ratio of a company’s profits to its net worth, for instance indicates the
company’s ability to generate returns from its reserves and ploughed-back profits. However, what is important in
such a ratio is the method of arriving at a proper valuation of net worth so that the resulting ratio is reliable.
Businesses do not remain static over the duration of a year. Whether a company has generated profits or losses
during a year, its net worth is likely to have changed. Thus, if we try to derive a ratio of profits generated during a
year to the net worth at the end of the year, the net worth will be an overstated figure, because all of the net worth
as at the year end was not at the disposal of of the company to generate profits from. Likewise, if the comparison is
made with the net worth as at the beginning of the year, it would be an understated value. Hence, the need arises to
derive a more reliable value that is representative of the net worth at the disposal of the company to generate profits
during a year.
A good approximation of the value of a balance sheet item available during an accounting period is the average of
the outstanding values at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year.
This indicator provides such an average for net worth of a company. Revaluation reserves are reduced from the net
worth as of both, the beginning of the year and at the end of the year. These are reduced to ensure that revaluations
if any, do not distort the year-on-year comparisons.

AVERAGE CAPITAL EMPLOYED 2785

Indicator : Average capital employed
Field : avg_capital_employed
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
profitability, efficiency of assets, etc. A ratio of a company’s profits to its capital employed, for instance indicates
the company’s ability to generate returns from the capital raised and employed in the business, i.e. from share
capital, free reserves and borrowings. Although the description of the term capital employed here is simplistic, it
is important to arrive at a proper valuation of capital employed for the purpose of this ratio, so that the resulting
output is reliable.
Businesses do not remain static over the duration of a year. Companies grow either organically, i.e. through
ploughing back of profits, or by raising capital. Hence, a company’s capital employed is likely to change during
the course of a year. Thus, if we try to derive a ratio of profits generated during a year to the capital employed at
the end of the year, such a figure of capital employed will be overstated, since all of this capital employed as at the
year end was not at the disposal of of the company throughout the year. Likewise, if a ratio is derived using capital
employed as at the beginning of the year, it would be an understated figure. Hence, the need arises to derive a more
reliable value that is representative of a company’s capital employed.
A good approximation of the value of a balance sheet item available during an accounting period is the average
of the outstanding values at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year. This indicator provides such an
average for capital employed of a company. Revaluation reserves are reduced from the capital employed as of both,
the beginning of the year and at the end of the year, in order to ensure that revaluations, if any, do not distort the
year-on-year comparisons.

2786 AVERAGE BORROWINGS

Indicator : Average borrowings
Field : avg_borrowings
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
profitability, efficiency of assets, ratio of expenses to liabilities, etc. For instance, the ratio of a company’s interest
paid expenses to its borrowings serves as an indicator, not necessarily accurate, of the cost of borrowings. Although
the description of the term borrowings here is very simplistic, it is important to arrive at a proper valuation of
borrowings for the purpose of this ratio, so that the resulting output is reliable and has the best possible credibility.
Businesses do not remain static over the duration of a year. Companies either expand their operations by ploughing
back their profits, or by raising capital in order to expand operations. A company might choose to raise funds
through debt rather than through equity. Hence, the value of borrowings in the company’s books is likely to change
during the course of a year. Thus, if we try to derive a ratio of interest paid to the outstanding value of borrowings
as at the year-end, such a figure of borrowings will be overstated, since not all the borrowings must have been raised
on the first day of the year. It is likely that a major part of the borrowings raised during the year were raised in the
second half of the year, and therefore, these funds were not available for use for a major part of the year. Likewise,
if a ratio is derived using borrowings at the beginning of the year, it would be an understated figure. Hence, the
need arises to derive a more reliable value that is representative of a company’s borrowings.
A good approximation of the value of a balance sheet item available during an accounting period is the average
of the outstanding values at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year. This indicator provides such an
average for borrowings.

AVERAGE CREDITORS 2787

Indicator : Average creditors
Field : avg_creditors
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
profitability, efficiency of assets, etc. Ratios of certain indicators as a percentage of liabilities like creditors can be
computed and analysed. The ratio of purchases to average creditors, for instance, can serve as an indicator of the
credit period enjoyed by a company. While deriving such a ratio, it is important to make sure that the valuation of
creditors for the purpose of this ratio is arrived at intelligently so as to ensure that the numbers are reliable and as
relevant as possible.
Most businesses grow, and it is safe to assume that creditors grow year after year as the company’s scale of opera-
tions expands. Simply taking creditors as the outstanding value at the end of a year would mean taking an overstated
value. This is because creditors are likely to increase in tandem with the expansion on the scale of operations, and
the outstanding value of creditors might have increased in the second half of the year. Correspondingly, if a ratio is
derived using the outstanding value of creditors as at the beginning of the year, it would amount to an understate-
ment. Hence, there arises a need to derive a more reliable valuation of creditors, which would be representative of
the value of creditors for the year as a whole.
A good method of arriving at an approximation of the value of creditors for an accounting period is the average
of the outstanding values at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year. Such an average seeks a middle
ground from the absolute extremes of the opening and closing balances.
This indicator captures the value of the average creditors of a company, i.e. the average of the outstanding value
of creditors as in the current year and the immediately preceding year. The creditors considered in this indicator is
’sundry trade payables for goods and services’.

2788 AVERAGE CREDITORS & ACCEPTANCES

Indicator : Average creditors & acceptances
Field : avg_creditors_acceptances
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
A creditor is a person or institution to whom money is owed. Acceptances denote bills raised by such creditors and
accepted by the company. Therefore, if any trade creditor raises a bill on the company and the company accepts it
the amount due to the trade creditor is converted into acceptances. The value of creditors and acceptances keeps
changing throughout the accounting period. This value is used as an approximation of the sum of creditors and
acceptances outstanding at any time during the accounting year.

AVERAGE DEPOSITS 2789

Indicator : Average deposits
Field : avg_deposits_commercial_banks
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
profitability, efficiency of assets, etc. Meaningful ratios of a combination of indicators can be computed and
analysed. The ratio of interest paid as a percentage of deposits, for instance, can serve as an indicator of the cost of
accepting deposits from the public. While deriving such a ratio, it is important to make sure that the valuation of
deposits for the purpose of this ratio is arrived at intelligently so as to ensure that the numbers are reliable and as
relevant as possible.
Most businesses are growing, irrespective of the pace of such growth. Hence, for a finance company that accepts
deposits, it is safe to assume that an increase in scale of operations would be accompanied with an increase in the
magnitude of deposits. In such a scenario, simply picking up the outstanding value of deposits as at the end of a
year would mean taking an overstated value. This is because the value of deposits are likely to have increased in
tandem with the expansion on the scale of operations, and the outstanding value of deposits might have increased
drastically in the second half of the year. Likewise, if a ratio is derived using the outstanding value of deposits as
at the beginning of the year, it would amount to an understatement. Hence, there arises a need to derive a more
reliable valuation of deposits, which would be representative of the value of deposits for the year as a whole.
A good method of arriving at a more credible approximation of the value of deposits for an accounting period
would be to compute the average of the outstanding values at the beginning of the year and at the end of the year.
Such an average seeks a middle ground from the absolute extremes of the opening and closing balances.
This indicator is relevant to banks. It captures the value of the average deposits accepted by a bank, i.e. the average
of the outstanding value of deposits as in the current year and the immediately preceding year.

2790 AVERAGE STOCK OF FINISHED GOODS

Indicator : Average stock of finished goods
Field : avg_stk_fg
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency
Description:
When a value from the profit and loss statement is compared to another from the balance sheet (such as when
comparing cost of goods sold to finished goods) the outcome of a period is compared to the status as of a point in
time. Cost of goods sold is the expense incurred during the year and value of finished goods is the status as of the
end of the year. Such a comparison has a problem. A good approximation of the value of an asset (such as finished
goods) applicable for an accounting period is the average of the outstanding of values at the beginning of the year
and at the end of the year. This indicator provides such an average for finished goods. Average finished goods is
used specifically in the computation of the finished goods turnover ratio. Here, the cost of goods sold during a year
is compared to average finished goods.

C URRENT ASSETS INCL LONG TERM PORTION 2791

Indicator : Current assets incl long term portion
Field : current_assets_incl_lt_portion
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

2792 S HORT TERM CASH AND BANK BALANCE

Indicator : Short term cash and bank balance
Field : st_cash_bank_bal
Data Type : Number
Unit : Currency

I NVENTORIES AS % OF CURRENT ASSETS 2793

Indicator : Inventories as % of current assets
Field : inventories_pc_current_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
The indicator is one of the ratios used to study the composition of a company’s current assets. It shows the
proportion of a company’s current assets that is tied up in inventories. This ratio is expressed in percentage terms.
A current asset is any asset that is expected to be converted into cash within a period of 12 months. Current assets
also includes assets that are likely to be consumed in the course of running the company’s business operations.
Items that constitute current assets are inventories, trade receivables, accrued income, cash & bank balance and
other short-term receivables.
Inventories are materials held to be consumed in the production process or for sale. It includes raw materials,
packing materials, stocks & spares, semi-finished goods, unsold finished goods, stock of shares & debentures in
the case of a stock trading business, stock of real estate holdings held for the purpose of sale in the case of real
estate companies, stock of constructions, and repossessed and hired stock of assets.
The expression contained in this data field simply measures the percentage of inventories in total current assets of
a company.

2794 S UNDRY DEBTORS , OUTSTANDING UNDER SIX MONTHS AS % OF CURRENT ASSETS

Indicator : Sundry debtors, outstanding under six months as % of current assets
Field : debtors_less_sixm_pc_current_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
proportion of a company’s current assets that is tied up in sundry debtors that have been outstanding for a period
under six months. This ratio is expressed in percentage terms.
Trade receivables that have been outstanding for more than six months from the due date includes both, secured as
well as unsecured debtors. It is gross of the amount of provision, if any, made for doubtful debtors.

S UNDRY DEBTORS , OUTSTANDING OVER SIX MONTHS AS % OF CURRENT ASSETS 2795

Indicator : Sundry debtors, outstanding over six months as % of current assets
Field : debtors_more_sixm_pc_current_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
proportion of a company’s current assets that is tied up in sundry debtors that have been outstanding for a period of
more than six months. This ratio is expressed in percentage terms.
Trade receivables that have been outstanding for more than six months from the due date includes both, secured as
well as unsecured debtors. It is gross of the amount of provision, if any, made for doubtful debtors.

2796 B ILLS RECEIVABLE AS % OF CURRENT ASSETS

Indicator : Bills receivable as % of current assets
Field : bills_recv_pc_current_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
proportion of a company’s current assets that is constituted of bills receivables. This ratio is expressed in percentage
terms.
Bills receivables are bills of exchange that a company may draw on its debtors, wherein the debtor agrees to pay the
company a specified amount on a specified date. The company becomes the drawer of the bill and the debtor is the
drawee of the bill. Bills receivable can be held by the company till the maturity date at which it can be presented
to the drawee for payment.

OTHER SHORT TERM RECEIVABLES AS % OF CURRENT ASSETS 2797

Indicator : Other short term receivables as % of current assets
Field : oth_short_term_receivables_pc_current_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
proportion of a company’s current assets that is constituted of other short term receivables. This ratio is expressed
Other short term receivables captures the value of all other receivables excluding trade receivables and bills receiv-
able. It includes:-

2798 C ASH & BANK BALANCE AS % OF CURRENT ASSETS

Indicator : Cash & bank balance as % of current assets
Field : cash_bank_bal_pc_current_assets
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
proportion of a company’s current assets that is constituted of cash and bank balances. This ratio is expressed in
percentage terms.
Cash and bank balances are the most liquid assets an entity could have, Hence, a ratio indicating the proportion of
a company’s current assets that is constituted by cash and bank balances would essentially show the proportion of
current assets that is absolutely liquid. The higher this ratio, the more liquid a company’s current assets are.

S HORT TERM INVESTMENTS TO CURRENT ASSETS 2799

Indicator : Short term investments to current assets
Field : short_term_investments_pc_current_assets_incl_st_invest_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
The indicator is one of the ratios used to study the composition of a company’s current assets (including short
term investments and short term loans & advances). In essence, this indicator shows how much of a company’s
assets which are expected to mature within a period of 12 months is composed of short term investments. The ratio
contained in this data field is expressed in percentage terms.
other short-term receivables. In the context of this field, short term investments and short term loans and advances
are also considered to be a part of current assets, since these are expected to be consumed in the course of the
normal operating cycle of the company, and are assets that are expected to mature within 12 months.
Broadly speaking, short term investments include all investments made by a company which are due to mature
within 12 months from the date of the balance sheet. It includes investment in shares, debentures, bonds, mutual
funds, immovable properties, capital of partnership firms, short term investments in securities of group companies
as well as other companies, etc.
This indicator is relevant to all companies except banking companies. This is because banks are not expected to
adhere to the guidelines of the revised Schedule VI in line with IFRS norms, which requires companies to segregate
their assets and liabilities in current and non-current portions. As a result, banks will not report items like short term
inventories or short term investments, etc. The composition of current assets for banks can be found separately in
the data section ’current assets and its composition’ under ’derived indicators of assets’ in Prowess’ query trigger.
balance sheet date.

2800 S HORT TERM INVENTORIES TO CURRENT ASSETS

Indicator : Short term inventories to current assets
Field : st_inventories_pc_current_assets_incl_st_invest_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
term investments and short term loans & advances). In essence, this indicator shows how much of a company’s
current assets (including short term investments and short term loans & advances), i.e. assets which are expected
to mature within a period of 12 months is composed of short term inventories. The ratio contained in this data field
Broadly speaking, inventories are materials held to be consumed in the production process or for sale. It includes
raw materials, packing materials, stocks & spares, semi-finished goods, unsold finished goods, stock of shares &
debentures in the case of a stock trading business, stock of real estate holdings held for the purpose of sale in
the case of real estate companies, stock of constructions, and repossessed and hired stock of assets. Short term
inventories are those which are expected to be consumed/sold/written off within a period of 12 months.
ments. The revised Schedule VI makes it mandatory for companies to broadly classify their assets and liabilities
balance sheet date.

T RADE RECEIVABLES & BILLS RECEIVABLES TO CURRENT ASSETS 2801

Indicator : Trade receivables & bills receivables to current assets
Field : st_trade_bills_receivables_pc_current_assets_incl_st_invest_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
The indicator is one of the ratios used to study the composition of a company’s current assets (including short term
investments and short term loans & advances). In essence, this indicator shows how much of a company’s current
assets (including short term investments and short term loans & advances), i.e. assets which are expected to mature
within a period of 12 months, is composed of short term trade receivables & bills receivables. The ratio contained
in this data field is expressed in percentage terms.
course of business. They are conventionally current assets. The revised schedule VI, however, has made a provision
to capture the non-current portion thereof separately as long term trade receivables. The trade receivables in the
context of this indicator is short term trade receivables.
Bills receivables are bills of exchange that a company may draw on its debtors, wherein the debtor agrees to pay
the company a specified amount on a specified date. The company, in this case is the drawer of the bill and the
debtor is the drawee of the bill. Bills receivable can be held by the company till the maturity date at which it can be
presented to the drawee for payment. With respect to this field, bills receivable refers to short term bills receivable,
i.e. which are expected to mature within a period of 12 months.
balance sheet date.

2802 OTHER SHORT TERM RECEIVABLES TO CURRENT ASSETS

Indicator : Other short term receivables to current assets
Field : oth_short_term_receivables_pc_current_assets_incl_st_invest_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
term investments and short term loans & advances). This indicator shows how much of a company’s current assets
(including short term investments and short term loans & advances), i.e. assets which are expected to mature
within a period of 12 months, is constituted by other short term receivables. The ratio contained in this data field is
Other short term receivables captures the value of all short term receivables other than trade receivables and bills
receivable. It includes:-
This indicator computes and stores the ratio in percentage terms of a company’s other short term receivables to its
current assets (including short term investments and short term loans & advances).
This data field is relevant to all companies except banking companies. This is because banks are not expected to
balance sheet date.

C ASH & BANK BALANCE TO CURRENT ASSETS 2803

Indicator : Cash & bank balance to current assets
Field : st_cash_bank_bal_pc_current_assets_incl_st_invest_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
(including short term investments and short term loans & advances), i.e. assets which are expected to mature within
a period of 12 months, is constituted by cash and bank balances. The ratio contained in this data field is expressed
Cash and bank balances are the most liquid assets an entity could have. This indicator computes and stores the
ratio in percentage terms of a company’s other short term receivables to its current assets (including short term
investments and short term loans & advances). A ratio indicating the proportion of a company’s current assets that
is constituted by cash and bank balances would essentially show the proportion of current assets that is absolutely
liquid. The higher this ratio, the more liquid a company’s current assets are.
This data field is relevant to all companies except banking companies. This is because banks are not expected to
balance sheet date.

2804 S HORT TERM LOANS & ADVANCES BY FINANCE COMPANIES TO CURRENT ASSETS

Indicator : Short term loans & advances by finance companies to current assets
Field : st_loan_advance_nbfcs_pc_current_assets_incl_st_invest_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
(including short term investments and short term loans & advances), i.e. assets which are expected to mature within
a period of 12 months, is constituted by short term loans & advances by finance companies. The ratio contained in
this data field is expressed in percentage terms.
Short term loans & advances given by finance companies refer to short term loans & advances by non-banking
finance companies (NBFCs) in particular. NBFCs includes financial institutions, housing finance companies and
other financial services companies. Short term loans and advances are those that are expected to be repaid within a
This data field is relevant to all finance companies except banking companies. This is because banks are not
expected to adhere to the guidelines of the revised Schedule VI in line with IFRS norms, which requires companies
to segregate their assets and liabilities in current and non-current portions. As a result, banks will not report items
like short term inventories or short term investments, or short term loans & advances in the context of this field.
The composition of current assets for banks can be found separately in the data section ’current assets and its
composition’ under ’derived indicators of assets’ in Prowess’ query trigger.
balance sheet date.

S HORT TERM LOANS & ADVANCES TO CURRENT ASSETS 2805

Indicator : Short term loans & advances to current assets
Field : st_loan_and_advance_pc_current_assets_incl_st_invest_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
(including short term investments and short term loans & advances), i.e. assets which are expected to mature
within a period of 12 months, is constituted by short term loans & advances. The ratio contained in this data field
When a company gives loans and advances to another company, such amounts are assets in the books of the lending
company. This data field captures the outstanding value of a company’s assets in terms of loans & advances, which
are current/short term in nature. Short term loans & advances are those which are expected to be repaid within
a period of 12 months from the balance sheet date. This field only captures loans & advances of non-finance
companies (companies other than banks and non-banking finance companies). Short term loans & advances of
finance companies are captured in a separate field called ’short term loans and advances by finance companies’.
Short term loans & advances includes the following:-
• Short term loans and advances to employees and directors
• Short term capital advances
• Short term loans provided to companies, departmental undertakings and business enterprises
• Short term deposits
• Short term advances recoverable in cash or kind
• Expenses paid in advance (short term); and
• Securitised assets & other loans, advances (short term)
Hence, it follows that this data field is relevant only to non-finance companies.

2806 A SSET HELD FOR SALE OR TRANSFER TO CURRENT ASSETS

Indicator : Asset held for sale or transfer to current assets
Field : st_asst_held_sale_pc_current_assets_incl_st_invest_loans
Data Type : Number
Unit : Per cent
Description:
The indicator is one of the ratios used to study the composition of a company’s current assets (including short term
investments and short term loans & advances). In essence, this indicator shows how much of a company’s current
assets (including short term investments and short term loans & advances), i.e. assets which are expected to mature
within a period of 12 months, is composed of assets held for the purpose of sale or transfer. The ratio contained in
this data field is expressed in percentage terms.
Assets held for sale or transfer are those assets for which the carrying amount will be recovered principally through
a sale transaction rather than through continuing use in business operations. The amount of such assets is recorded
at lower of cost or net realisable value. In the context of this field, the term assets held for sale or transfer refers
to short term assets held for sale or transfer, i.e. which are expected to be sold/transferred/disposed off within a
period of 12 months.
This indicator is relevant to all companies except ban

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Prowessdx India

Compiled on: July 2, 2019

C ENTRE FOR M ONITORING I NDIAN E CONOMY P VT. LTD .

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

Registrar office email address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

2 History of Company Name Changes 77

4 Board of Directors 101

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Name of director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

5 Equity Ownership Pattern 131

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

Shares held by other institutional investors as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Demat shares held by foreign corporate bodies as promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Proportion of shares pledged by financial institutions and banks as non-promoters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

6 Equity Ownership of Major Investors 345

7 Board Meetings 357

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

11 Related Party Transactions 385

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Margin Money Paid during the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

12 Bulk and Block Deals 459

13 Insider Trading 471

14 Substantial Acquisition of Shares 487

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

Deal disclosed by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495

15 Standalone Annual Financial Statements 503

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Dividend income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

Total income net of prior period and extra-ordinary income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Water charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Wharfage, docking charges of transport enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

Loss on revaluation of investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Expenses on discontinuing operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

Short term int exp as % of avg short term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 944

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Power fuel water charges as % of op exp of finance cos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Difference due to non-cash prior period income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

PAT as % of avg NFA net reval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1218

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

Surplus and deficit on mergers & acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Transfer to other statutory reserves (including electricity related reserves) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1329

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

Current portion of secured debentures and bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1386

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Unsecured other long term borrowings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445

Prowessd x July 2, 2019

July 2, 2019 Prowessd x

Provision for gratuity (long term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1566