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Chapter I

Introduction

Technology is now playing a big role in our daily life, thus ​human life

cannot separated to it; society has a cyclical co-dependence on this. To

suffice our needs and demands to travel, to ​communicate​, to ​learn​, to

do ​business​ ​and to live in comfort (Ramey, 2012). It give great help to the

current innovation in our daily works.

In addition to the innovation of technology is the birth of websites. ​A

website is a collection of publicly accessible, interlinked web pages that share

a single domain name. Websites can be created and maintained by an

individual, group, business or organization to serve a variety of purposes.

All publicly accessible websites constitute the World Wide Web. A

website is also known as a web presence (Website, 2018). ​Different kinds of

websites have different purposes depending on who the intended audience is.

Some of it are geared towards selling products and other are geared towards

providing practical information, while others are merely for entertainment

(Ambra, 2018). In addition, there are some websites that the purpose is to

disseminate news and information, for the people to be updated to the

happenings in their surroundings. Websites are also been means of

information in a way of publishing some articles and posts about the news.

News portal is an access point to news; this is generally thought of as an

Internet connection to a news source but the definition of a “Portal” would

include a newspaper, magazine or any other access to news (Duffield, 2018).

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News Portal has been in common in this generation since practical

considerations have prevented hard copy newspapers from obtaining any

degree of personal customization, and online newspaper are not subject to

the same constraints as printed matter. Online newspaper presentation can

be personalized in terms of contents, layout, media advertisement and more

(Claypool, Gokhale, Miranda, & Murnikov, 1999). Regarding news products

and their consumption, Nicholas Negroponte has contended that “being

digital will change the economic model of news selections, make your interest

play a bigger role, and, in fact, use pieces from the cutting-room floor that did

not make the cut on popular demand”. Online newspapers are a critical case

of how actors situated with established media appropriate novel technical

capabilities. At the end of the twentieth century, they exhibited profit margins

higher than most industrial sectors and the largest share of advertising

expenditures of all media. These indicators have been linked to broader

socioeconomic trends that have compromised the long-term viability of ink on

paper as a delivery vehicle since the 1960s, such as rising newsprint and

distribution costs, growing segmentation of consumption patterns, ant the

increased appeal of audiovisual media among younger generations. It is not

surprising that many print papers launched online editions on the web during

the second half of the 1990s. A handful of U.S. papers had published on the

web before 1995, but this was a small number compared to the 175 that had

built sites by the end of that year. Developments continued to move at a fast

pace (Boczkowski, 2004).

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There are some popular news portals worldwide such as CNN, New

York Times, Fox News, Washington Post, etc. Their existence is never new in

today’s generation. The main goal is to deliver the important and latest news

to the press either happening or happened. Those news websites have been

best in disseminating the news. Attractive web designs are one of their asset.

Hence, effective design of websites helps firms/organizations to reach their

aim. There are lots of design parameters that play an effective role on website

design (Cebi, 2013).

Aside from the popularity of the website, the mobile application is also

in demand those who use mobile phones. A mobile application or mobile app

is a software application. It is a computer-generated program designed and

developed to run on iPhone, Smartphones, tablets and many other mobile

devices. Without doubt, the world has accepted the fact that apps are the way

to get the most of the smartphones. Therefore, it will be riveting to trace the

history mark-up for the mobile apps development. Most people have smart

phones and iPhones today, so apps are easy to access and simply make your

life better as a result. There are millions of mobile apps at present (Rajput,

2015). ​Having mobile application is an advantage, such as Mobile apps

provide a much faster alternative than mobile web browsing. Web browsing

requires a user to launch a web browser, enter a URL and wait for the site to

load (providing there is adequate reception), whereas it only takes a second

to launch a mobile app because the majority of the information is stored in the

application itself making it possible to function offline (​ Jason, 2016). Not only

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websites can be use for news dissemination, mobile application is also known

for updating because it can notify you that there is an update about the news.

Popular news portal and websites have their own mobile app, such as CNN,

New York Times, MSN, BBC News. In relation to the study, the proponents

will create a mobile application in which, the students, staff and anyone who

have a copy of the application will be updated of the happenings related to

Leyte Normal University. No need to search in their facebook page or website

since like other mobile application, it will notify them about the updates

happened.

Being updated to the news happening in either school or country gives

you an advantage than those that are not aware of the current situation

happening around them. There are some advantages and benefit aside from

providing important educational value, it also it also helps you to open your

mind and give opinions about the situation (Monty, 2016).

Creating mobile application for the development management system

will help the An Lantawan staff to have a convenient and easy way of

updating the guest about the happenings about Leyte Normal University.

Through this, the guest do not have to type and search about the events nor

type the website’s URL and browse for a new update. It will also help to

disseminate the announcements quickly, such as the enrolment schedule,

activities and events in Leyte Normal University.

In order to gather information we will conduct an interview to the staffs

of An Lantawan before and after the implementation. The proponents will

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depend on the result of the survey to have gather an information on improving

the dissemination of An Lantawan.

Project Context

The “An Lantawan” is an organization in Leyte Normal University (LNU)

in which they are responsible for the updates happening such as events in the

said university “An Lantawan” is the official student publication of Leyte

Normal University. It covers almost all of the events and activities that

happens inside and outside the university, it is for generalization of the

occurrence in different colleges and departments. They published topics

about sports, profiles, literary pieces, entertainment, activities and events in

Leyte Normal University especially to students and faculties for the

information of everybody. An Lantawan has a website, designed and

developed from a content management system named WordPress and also a

facebook page. The existing website served as a medium to inform and

communicate the people in Leyte Normal University as well to individuals who

viewed the specific website in An Lantawan.

Even though An Lantawan has the tools for online special publication,

An Lantawan are also experiencing problems. Before the proponents come up

with the following information, the proponents personally came to An

Lantawan Office for a personal interview and to clarify some questions

regarding to the problems they are experiencing. Inaccessibility and lagging of

the website are said to be the problem. They also suggested features about

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what the proponents are going to develop. The proponents already know that

compared to any content managements system, there is no difference about

the system they want to be develop but the staff said that they do not want to

depend in any CMS. So these are the following features they suggested:

1. Admin can manipulate (add, view, edit and delete) staffs

information.

2. Admin can receive messages form guests like students, faculties

and personnel.

3. Admin can store and upload important files for back up.

4. Admin can publish post like news, announcements and events in

Leyte Normal University.

The proponents also conducted a survey to the viewers of the website

especially the students in Leyte Normal University for them to hear about their

thoughts and concerns in An Lantawan. It is important to know their

awareness, for the proponents to determine the different point of views of

students towards An Lantawan. The proponents also receives feedbacks and

suggestions from students on how to make the develop system effective.

According from the survey to students in Leyte Normal University, the

proponents come up with the following result. There are 100 out of 100

students know An Lantawan in Leyte Normal University, in that case, they are

aware about the role and responsibilities of An Lantawan in the University yet

there are 40 out of 100 were able to answer the following questions. There

are only 40 out of 100 students are aware about the existence of An

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Lantawan website. These students were able to answer the follow-up

question that connects An Lantawan about their experience and impression

when they visit An Lantawan website. Base from their experience in visiting

the website, most students said that the website is user friendly but the

contents are not properly organized, but when it comes to the information

posted, it is definitely reliable for them. In terms to gadgets they used in

browsing website, there are 90 out of 100 prefer to use their mobile phones.

Their purpose when they visit the An Lantawan website is for school updates

such as announcements or activities that student may get involved. A student

stated that partially she is satisfied with the website for they provide the

necessary information yet some features are lacking.

For additional, there are 70 out of 100 students did not visit yet the An

Lantawan website. According to their answers, they are only aware that there

is An Lantawan website but they did not try to visit the said website. However,

according to them, that if it is a mobile application there is a possibility that

they would be able to visit every day the said application for a reason that it

can be access via mobile phones. They also said that it is more efficient to

develop a mobile application because the An Lantawan will notify every

student in every announcement and events by the use of that application.

Another student said that so that they can visit the website anytime, because

bringing their laptop just to visit the website would be hassle so it would be

great if they would have An Lantawan Application in their phones.

Theme 1: ​Problems Encountered by An Lantawan

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Well according to the overall result of the survey, students are not

aware about the existence of An Lantawan website. So for additional for

gathering of data, the proponents conducted also a survey to the staffs on An

Lantawan for further information wherein they said the following.

One of the staff said, that there is an instances that their documents

and files were being misplaced and being lost. She also added that, they

saved all their soft copy files in to the PC without a back up. And having a

hard time waiting for the website to load or inaccessibility of the website is a

problem.

The proponents grab the opportunity to design a system that will store

and back up files so that the documents and files in An Lantawan would totally

have a backup. For this system to be possible, we will use HTML for coding it

in designing, a CodeIgniter a PHP framework for security, a database in the

system for the admin save their files and document. ​Systems are created in

such a way that if one part of the system fails, the system as a whole will still

be able to function due to the presence of backup components (esthermsmth,

2017).​

Another one, when it comes to updating the people in Leyte Normal

University. They wanted to improve more their works. So the proponents

believe that this system should be implemented to improve An Lantawan’s

services to the public especially to those who want to be updated about the

current happenings in the university. The development of the study is in time

with the advancements of technology and the increasing demands in online

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publication and news dissemination. Some of the advantages of the system

being online are; real-time monitoring and update and the ease of access for

any viewer or guest. For the guest side, the faculties, personnel, and students

can access the system even though they are traveling or just staying in their

respective houses by the use of internet. Internet is capable of, and is

increasingly use to publish in multimedia formats to large as well as small

audiences and makes available a range of text mass media content

(Cunninghum & Finn, 1996). There is a chance for this system to be

implemented, for the clients truly need the proposed system. An Lantawan

Website with Mobile Application will be one of the instrument in introducing

the updates and innovation of the university since today’s generation all

community in the Leyte Normal University depend on the technology and

internet. Therefore, it is a big advantage if we will utilize the internet to get

them updated all the time.

Theme 2​. ​Matters accordingly to the awareness of students to An Lantawan

Thus, base from the result of our survey there are only few students

that are aware about the existence of the website of An Lantawan. As a result,

An Lantawan had difficulties in updating the guest or students because of

their unawareness to the website. Therefore, the proponents grab the

opportunity to solve the problem. In order for the students to be aware, the

proponents decided to develop a mobile application in a sense that can be

download at Google Play and can be shared via ShareIt because it is an apk.

A mobile application wherein the existence of videos are present. This is an

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advantage because whenever that their mobile phones are connected to the

internet, the students can view the latest update of An Lantawan. As a result,

the students would be aware about the existence of updates and information

posted in An Lantawan in Leyte Normal University. In this situation, there is

no reason that students will not be able to be updated in terms to

announcements and news in the University.

Framework of the Study

In creating An Lantawan Website with Mobile Application, the

proponents research and used some theories that will surely improve and

support their study. Before they come up with some theories, they choose the

best theory that will perfectly help in developing the said system.

Organizational Theory

The study of how organizations function and how they affect and

affected by the environment in which they operate. Learning how to control

and change organizations so that they can create resources effectively. The

Organizational Theory refers to the set of interrelated concepts, definitions

that explain the behavior of individuals or groups or subgroups, who interacts

with each other to perform the activities intended towards the accomplishment

of a common goal. People and managers knowledgeable about organizational

design and change are able to analyze the structure and culture of the

organization for which they work (or which they wish to help, such as charity

or church), diagnose problems, and make adjustments that help the

organization achieve its goals (Jones, 2013). Therefore, since An Lantawan is

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an organization in Leyte Normal University, the proponents concluded this

theory to support their study. The proponents believe that this theory is

definitely related to their study in a way like, how An Lantawan affects the

people in Leyte Normal University. And how the proponents will help the said

organization effectively, according to their goals.

Back-up Theory

In the computer world, a backup is a copy of some data. This copy

could be used to restore the original data when the original information is lost

or damaged. You can make backups of your data manually, by copying your

files to another place: a CD, another disc, another machine, to a tape device,

etc., or it can be made automatically, by scheduling a backup. Ideally, the

copy should be stored on another physical place and should not be stored on

the same room where the original is. In case of disaster, like a fire, having

both the original data and the backup on the same physical place could be

fatal. I recommend you to make multiple copies of your valuable data: for

example, you can have a copy stored on another hard drive and another copy

on some remote FTP server, for maximum security (Cobian, 2009). This

theory is used as a supporting theory towards the proponent’s objectives in

terms to back-up of documents and files in developing a system.

Work System Theory

While systems analysis and design textbooks certainly recognize the

importance of broader systems, in which Information Technology is applied​.

The widely accepted definition-in-practice of systems as technical artifacts

leads to restricted views and sometimes confusion regarding major is

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research topics such as how IT-reliant systems operate in organizations, how

to implement IT-reliant systems in organizations, what determines their

success, and how IT contributes to productivity and profitability. ​The analysis

phase answers the questions of who will use the system, what the system will

do, and where and when it will be used”. And that the design phase decides

how the system will operate, in terms of hardware, software, and network

infrastructure; the user interface, forms and reports; and the specific

programs, databases, and files that will be needed ​(Alter, 2013).

Systems in organizations should be viewed as work systems by

default. Technologies should be view as components of work systems rather

than as systems on their own unless there is an intention to analyze a much

automated work system. A work system’s identity remains unchanged during

such periods of stability even though incremental changes such as minor

personnel substitutions or technology upgrades may occur within what is still

consider the same version of the same work system. The WSC model

represents the iterative process by which work systems evolve over time

through a combination of planned change (formal projects) and unplanned

(emergent) change that occurs through adaptations and workarounds.

Customers and product/services may be partially inside and partially outside

because customers often participate in the processes and activities within

work systems and because product/services take shape within work systems.

Environment, infrastructure, and strategies are largely outside the work

system even though they often have direct effects within work systems and

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therefore are part of a basic understanding of those systems (Alter, Work

System Theory, 2009).

Media Theory and the Internet

Comprehend various forms of convergence. This paper starts from the

assumption that the internet poses the most direct current challenge to

established media theories because it is already converged communications

form. The interest of content creators, policy makers, regulators, developers

and educators are all vitally involved in coming to terms with the Internet.

Internet use combines both broadband and standard telecommunications

infrastructure, requires appropriate computer hardware and software as

essential componentry, is capable of, and is increasingly use to publish in

multimedia formats to large as well as small audiences and makes available a

range of text, voice and video-based mass media content. Other so-called

new media are still in varying stages of convergence, and do not pose the

same direct challenge to established media theories (Cunninghum & Finn,

1996). This theory supports and relate to our study in terms to the An

Lantawan publishing news, announcements and special publications, which

meant the standard of media. Distribution of information to different fields of

media by the use of internet.

Objectives of the Study

This study is for the problem occur in An Lantawan in Leyte Normal

University and how will the proponents will make a solution. So, the

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proponents are creating an “An Lantawan Website with Mobile Application”,

which the An Lantawan staffs can be used in Leyte Normal University.

Specifically, the study aims to develop:

1. A system that admin can store and back-up files.

2. A hybrid system that will update users when it comes to news,

announcements and events in Leyte Normal University.

3. A system that admin-the staff of An Lantawan can publish post like for

example news, announcements, special publication.

4. Fulfill and developed a hybrid system based on lSO 9001:2015 Quality

Management Systems Requirements.

Scope and Limitation

The proponents of the system intended to focus on the objectives been

stated in which the main purpose of the system is elaborated. The system will

consist some of the following:

This study focuses on developing a hybrid, the mobile application

wherein it notifies updates posted by An Lantawan in Leyte Normal University.

The mobile application can be download on Google Play or Play Store. Guest

(student or user of mobile application) will be able to update of the

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announcements, news, and publication of An Lantawan. Guest can browse

different categories such as videos, photos, publication to sports and articles,

news and any publications published by An Lantawan.

There are only limited staffs of An Lantawan that will serve as an admin

of the system that will be able to: Publish a post, with different categories like

tips, announcements, special publication, articles and news. Upload files like

soft copy documents, photos and videos. Manipulate (add, edit, view and

delete) information of An Lantawan staffs. Manipulate (edit or update and

delete) posted posts and can archive published old posts.

Chapter II

Review of Related Literatures and Systems

This chapter consists of different studies, literatures and systems that

are more likely related to the present study, as well as the operational

definition of terms that are based on observable characteristics and on how

they are used.

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Related Literature

The first smartphone is IBM’s Simon launched in 1994. ​There was no

app store, of course, but the phone came preloaded with several apps

like Address Book, Calculator, Calendar, Mail, Note Pad, and Sketch Pad.

Those things were not called apps before, they were generally referred to as

“features” found in the ‘Mobile Office’ section of the phone. For example, this

alarm clock application (Shah, 2017). ​Cell phones are not just a means of

communication anymore. All sorts of facilities can be availed from them and

this includes a wide range of services including internet banking, listening to

music, watching online movies, making online transactions etc. As the needs

of the common person increase, smarter applications need to be develop to

meet those needs. The need to display data on mobile devices continues to

grow - especially with the seamless extension of enterprise data onto the

small screen. As a result, solutions for shortening the data-to-mobile

implementation cycle are on the rise, and so the need for mobile development

framework. Developing mobile applications is not such an easy task though.

The developer needs to have years of expertise and technical knowledge to

develop the application that best meets the user’s needs. The purpose of

mobile application development is to utilize a standards-based architecture

that leverages existing Information Technology infrastructure and maximizes

return on investment to your business. This helps to extend enterprise data to

mobile users with high security in a user-friendly manner​ (Abdeil, 2012).

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According to Dionicio D. Gante in his study ​A proposed Web Portal for

the College of Computing and Information Technology of Isabela State

University Cauayan Campus, Cauayan City, Isabela​. Web portals have risen

in popularity as a way of collecting, organizing and presenting content in a

highly uniform, customizable and personalized way. As the technologies that

enable the creation and management of these web portals have evolved, it is

not only information content that is being offered, but application functionality

as well. A web portal is a single web interface that provides personalized

access to information, applications, business processes and much more. It is

a website that provides content and application functionality in a way that is

both useful and meaningful to the end user. Mainly, web portal is simply an

instrument to combine related set of content presented as a set of links to the

originating site (Gante, 2010).

The usefulness of mobile devices has increased greatly in recent years

allowing users to perform more tasks in a mobile context. This increase in

usefulness has come at the expense of the usability of these devices in some

contexts. We conducted a small review of mobile usability models and found

that usability is usually measured in terms of three attributes; effectiveness,

efficiency and satisfaction. Other attributes, such as cognitive load, tend to be

overlooked in the usability models that are most prominent despite their likely

impact on the success or failure of an application (Harrison, Flood, & Duce,

2013).

Related Systems

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Online news portal system

Professionally publish online news publication, corporate press releases,

or manage other content without technical expertise. It is most often used as

an online newspaper. Providing up-to-date news information of our city. Editor

and journalist identity is scrutinized and then the news is uploaded. Editors

and Journalists must have id and password to access the portal. All the

newspaper agencies can publish their news easily. Revenue generated is

shared between this site, editor and member who upload news. Examples: -

khabar.ndtv.com, india.com, imesofindia.indiatimes.com etc. This system has

five modules: Journalist Registration Module, Journalist News Upload Module,

Editor’s Registration Module, Editor’s Views News Module and Administration

Control Module. It is a system where a story features a photo along with

author, brief, and publication information. It publishes related web links and

descriptions with a story gallery. Unlimited number of dynamic news sections.

Publishes related Web links and descriptions with a story. Authorized

contributing writers can submit stories for editorial review and publication.

Includes a graphics directory for sharing and archiving graphics. Optional

story archives with powerful search capabilities. Simple, dynamic front page

and section page publication presentation controls (Sharma , Tomer, Tyagi , &

Garima).

An adaptive personalized news dissemination system ​is a system that is ​a

Twitter-based news aggregator that customizes a user’s “newsfeed” to

provide articles most relevant to them. There are many other apps in

existence that also customize news for their readers, but require more effort

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than persoNews. Other apps may ask you to go through tens, or even

hundreds, of topics to select which ones you are interested in before they can

provide your news, and if your interests change you would have to deselect

and choose new topics. With the amount of time and thought this takes, you

might as well just scroll through a news site and find your own articles. This

application, built from scratch in 10 weeks, provides users with relevant

articles simply based on their tweeting history (Katakis, Tsoumakas, Banos,

Bassiliades, & Vlahavas, 2009).

A mobile application for incident and disaster notification for Metro Manila,

The paper focuses on the application of Information Communications

Technology (ICT) in a form of an android-based mobile application that gives

victims the capability to seek help when a disaster or incident strikes. In

addition, people can notify others of the danger ahead through AppLERT and

Facebook so that they can avoid the area where the danger is through

crowdsourcing. It seeks to help expedite the response time of the responding

unit using the user's mobile phone built-in GPS (Fabito, Balahadia, &

Cabatlao, 2016).

Launching of the ​mobile app version of Radyo Tambuli​—the virtual radio

platform of the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C. on November 14,

Philippine time. “One of our overriding goals is to serve the Filipino diaspora

to the best of our ability,” said Philippine Ambassador to the United States

Jose L. Cuisia, Jr. “The app increases our presence in the lives of overseas

Filipinos and helps further our digital public diplomacy goals.” ​Radyo Tambuli

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makes its digital debut through the app and will continue to offer daily news

headlines, original Filipino music, coverage of town-hall style meetings,

interviews, opinion surveys and children’s stories to engage the Philippine

diaspora. The app also provides two-way communication between the

Embassy and members of the Filipino community wherever they may be

through direct messaging; sharing through social media; and push

notifications. The app also features live and recorded content from premier

Filipino broadcasters, such as Veritas, People’s Television Network and the

Catholic Media Network as well as other radio and television stations in the

provinces that broadcast in other Filipino languages (Mobile app connects PH

with Filipino diaspora, 2014). 

The ​University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman’s ​upCurrents ​is ​a mobile

application. “It automatically gathers UP-related news, updates, RSS feeds,

videos, event calendars (music, sports, arts, academic),” its creator, the UP

Diliman Interactive Learning Center (DILC), said in a brief statement. The

DILC said it developed the mobile app since UP is teeming with academic,

cultural, musical, and artistic events. The mobile app makes it convenient for

UP students, faculty, staff, alumni, and the community at large to stay updated

with UP news and events,” it said (Newsbytes, 2014).

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Chapter III

Technical Background

Current System

The An Lantawan organization disseminate their published articles and

updates about the school through the booklet, facebook page and their

website. In where they compile all their gathered information and save it in

their device which is their PC. Before they post the article, they have a

softcopy of their work, which they used to copy and paste and post it into

website and their pages so that the viewer knows what is the updates and

events happens in school. They posted the past events, even the current. As

mentioned, they have their own website account in which they post their

articles, but their website is limited. As what the staff told us, they want the

website to have other feature in which they can upload their file for security

purpose. Their website also is not user friendly and they are unsatisfied with

the design of their website. In terms of disseminating the literary works of the

organization, they use the booklet also. In where each works is divided by

categories, and the name of the author is shown. They also have their own

webpage in Facebook where they use to share the link from their website for

more viewer. All their articles are also posted in the Facebook with the videos

and pictures.

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Proposed System

The proposed system will be published online and will focus in

reaching users especially within the Leyte Normal University. The system is a

hybrid version a web and android portal that will be covering the news inside

the university and some outside events related to the university that will be

viewed by the guest whether students or faculties. The administrator is the

only one who has the privilege to post files on the website. The admin will also

be the one to review those literary pieces sent by the users and schedule the

posting of the selected files. Archiving some document from previous year up

to present are included in the proposed system. Through the proposed

system An Lantawan will have more efficiency in updating a greater number

of viewers. The admin has all the privileges to access anything inside the

proposed system.

The An Lantawan Website with Mobile Application will serve as a guide

to the users or viewers for their real-time update. Guest or viewer especially

students of Leyte Normal University can easily access this site. Viewing the

articles and events in Leyte Normal University.

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Hardware

The hardware specification includes a desktop computer for the

administrator and personal computers through the web and android phones

where the users can view in browser.

Hardware Specification

● Desktop Computer – a personal computer consists of monitor,

keyboard and mouse and is meant to stay at one location.

● Monitor – where the system will be displayed.

● System Unit – a main part of a desktop computer includes the

motherboard, CPU, RAM and other component that makes the

computer work.

Processor: Intel(R) Pentium(R) CPU N35400 @ 2.16GHz (CPUs), ̴

2.2GHz

Hard Disk Space: 449GB

RAM: 2048MB

● Keyboard – set of keys that are used for a computer to type symbols

and letters.

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● Mouse – a device that is mostly connected to a computer that use to

control the movement of a pointer on the computer screen.

● Laptop – a small computer that is designed to be easily carried.

● Mobile or Smart Phone and Tablet – a device used for testing the

mobile application in different sizes of screens.

Software

The tools that are needed for the proposed system are PHP which is

tool for making dynamic and interactive web pages, a PHP Framework which

is CodeIgniter for the security of the website, MySQL used to access in

database with the help of PHP, which this will serve as the backend of the

proposed system. The proponents will also be using Phone Gap to design

and develop the mobile application for the proposed system. The frontend of

the proposed system is HTML that will serve as creator of website, CSS will

serve as a stylesheet of HTML while JavaScript serve as one of the

programing languages in creating the propose system with the help of sublime

app which is one of the code editor in creating the website. With regard in

testing the software development or deployment of the software will be

through the web browser and mobile application hence it will be published

online.

Peopleware

Admin/Staff – who operates and the one who updates the system.

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Viewer/Guest – the visitor of the system, and the viewer of the update

post of the system.

Network

The system will be published online that will make it reachable even

outside of Leyte Normal University campus with the use of internet

connection.

Chapter IV

Methodology

In this chapter, we will discuss the proposed system and its process

that we will be using. This chapter describe the flow of the system works,

process, and tools in implying the proposed system.

Requirements Analysis

This is where every software project starts. Requirements serve many

purposes for a software development project. For starter, requirements define

what the software is supposed to do. The software requirements serve as the

basis for all the future design, coding, and testing that will be done on the

project. Typically, requirements start out as high-level general statements

about the software's functionality as perceived by the users of the software.

Requirements are further defined through performance, look and feel, and

other criteria. (Hamilton, 1999) Requirements analysis, also called

requirements engineering, is the process of determining user expectations for

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a new or modified product. (Washington D.C Patent No. U.S Patent No.

7,219,034, 2007)

“​An Lantawan Website with Mobile Application​” is a system that

proponent proposed, they gather all information from their staff to their

website that they currently using including the relevance of the system in An

Lantawan Publisher.

Performance Requirements

A requirement that specifies performance characteristic that a system

or system component must possess; for example, speed, accuracy,

frequency. (Defense, 1997)This is part of the general capacity planning

process that users might be basing their statement of requirements on

assumptions about the logic of the program that do not match the

programmer’s assumption.

The table below show performance requirements which contain the

response time, scalability, and workload which is necessary for developing the

proposed system.

Response The response time in our system will depend on the load

Time from content of database. Fast internet connection will

lessen the load of the system.

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The system is responsible to provide the user’s requests

Workload when it comes to browsing the news, articles, siday or

poems and posting of admin inside and outside the

university that will be implemented at the An Lantawan

Office.

In terms of scalability the database can hold as many staffs

Scalability information and documents. But soon the database will

become heavier because of the contents. And the load will

become slow, and it will also depend on how fast or slow

your internet connection is.

Safety Requirements

All access and privileges will be decided by the admin only to make

sure misconfigurations will be avoided. Interactions inside the system will be

monitored by the admin, making sure everything that will be posted is by the

admin’s decision.

The table show the safety requirements needed for developing the

proposed system.

Table 2.0 Safety Requirements

The proposed system must be tested to be sure that

there will be no errors or system failure, and if there

Software Error will be anything that is need to enhance such as

some feature of the system that must be completed

before the implementation.

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There is no needed hardware in implementing this

system aside from the organization’s own PC for the


Hardware Failure
system testing and implementation. Any device with

internet connection is needed.

The proposed system must capable to have

alternative backup in storing data which is to get the

Database Backup all the data from the database of the proposed system

and insure the security if ever the system crash or to

have malfunction error.

Security Requirements

The system is accessible only by the Editor-in-Chief and Online

Manager of the An Lantawan Organization. Their username and password are

the only accounts that is recorded in the database aside from the information

of other members of An Lantawan. Only the two staffs will be able to have a

username and password and can access the website’s admin page. That is

why we used a PHP framework which is CodeIgniter for the security of the

system, so that the content of the system is hereby said to be secured.

System Design

The An Lantawan Website with Mobile Application is a hybrid system

accessed through online with android application that can be downloaded in

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Google Play and Play Store. The proposed system can publish news, articles,

siday or poems, short stories, archive documents, can store and back up file.

Everytime that the application connect to the internet the mobile application

will automatically be updated by means that all the news or article will show in

the application. So that the user will not take time to update the application,

while in admin part this will be less hassle in publishing article and news even

they are not in school they cannot use the computer so that they can still

publish and update the mobile app.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

The ​systems development life cycle is composed of a number of clearly

defined and distinct work phases that are used by systems engineers and

systems developers to plan for design, build, test, and deliver information

systems. Like anything that is manufactured on an assembly line, an SDLC

aims to produce high-quality systems that meet or exceed user’s

expectations, based on user or ​g​uest want, by delivering systems which move

through each clearly defined phase, within scheduled time frames and cost

estimates. To do the SDLC, we will used one methodology​, which is the

Sashimi Waterfall Model.

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The so-called Sashimi model was developed by Peter DeGrace, as a

modified version of the waterfall model. The key feature of the Sashimi model

is the possibility of overlapping development phases, i.e. introducing feedback

into the classical waterfall model. The idea on which the model based is

identification of errors made on time, while the development phase is still in

progress. For instance, errors made in the design phase are identified during

implementation, while design is still in progress. For example, since the

design and implementation phases will overlap in the sashimi model,

implementation problems may be discovered during the design and

implementation phase of the development process. This helps alleviate many

of the problems associated with the Big Design Up Front philosophy of the

waterfall model. After choosing the methodology, the proponents will create

context diagram, data flow diagram, system flowchart, entity relationship

diagram and input-output diagram which used to discuss about the design of

the system and its flow.

Another important feature of the Sashimi model is different treatment

of documentation. Whereas the documentation in the classical waterfall model

is exchanged by teams in charge of completing individual phases, Sashimi

model treats the documentation as a unified document. Such an approach

results in a significant reduction in the documentation volume. The approach

to completing the development process modified by the Sashimi model also

has its shortcomings. These are, above all, unclear key development

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milestones, difficult monitoring of individual activities, and communication

problems (Matkovic & Tumbas, 2010).

The model will serve as

guiding in the development of the proposed system. It works well in project

and requirements that is related to the proposed system. This model will also

serve as a guideline in planning of the proposed system and it will be the

basis of the processes regarding to the proposed system’s activity. The

description of each phase will be discussed below.

Phase 1: Requirements

Requirements of the study including the gathering of data and

confirming what will be the content of the proposed system to develop. The

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scope of the study and what the proposed system’s limitations and also

including in requirements are the confirmation of the summarized idea of the

proposed system are all necessary in the identification of the proposed

system’s information in the development of the system. Gathering of datas

based on the interview and observation conducted in the organization of An

Lantawan gives clarification and information needed in the development of the

system.

Phase 2: Design

In design it focuses on choosing what methodology is going to use, in

selecting methodology for the proposed system the proponent needs to

consider the compatibility of the development processes and the methodology

approach. The proponents choose sashimi model as the methodology, since

there are some instances that the phases will overlap, sashimi is the type of

waterfall with overlapping phase or waterfall model with feedback since

phases in the sashimi model overlap, information of problem spots can be

acted upon during phases that would typically, in the pure waterfall model,

precede others.

Phase 3: Development

In the development phase here is the implementation of the design

plan based on the data gathered conducted by the interview and

observations, because ​development deals about how the requirements and

design flow then develop the design through coding or writing code in the

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proposed system. This phase is the most important in the study for this is

where the solution will start to develop.

Phase 4: Testing

During this phase it validate the implementation to secure that the

requirements satisfied. Testing deal about debugging the proposed system

which is way to test if the proposed system function in a good state, this is

also the another way of identifying if the codes is working properly. In this

phase, the proponents test the proposed system by performing different kind

of testing. First is the developer must test their own codes if the codes of

developer function properly the second tester which who did not code the

proposed system will test it. If the testing of proposed system will go smoothly

it will integrate to the whole project.

Test Plan

Accuracy and reliability of the proposed system will be the main priority,

the proponents prepared test plan with different approach on how it totally

used. Knowing of the system qualification will be covered by the test plan. By

test planning, the proponents will determine the scope, schedule of testing the

proposed system and checking the resources, which includes the

requirements of changes regarding the bug fixing, design, and codes. The

proponents willingly change the plan directly. Testing the software is essential

because this will be serve as the guide if the software is ready to deploy.

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The system must be functional in terms of

the publishing of posts, including the editing

Usability Testing or deleting. The uploading of documents for

their back-up and the also for the viewing of

the post in the viewer’s page.

The interface of the system must be

Interface Testing responsive and user-friendly in a way that

the design must not an eyesore.

Phase 5: Implementation

In implementation phase, this serves as the outcome of the proposed

system which is the web based or the proposed system. During the

implementation, the proponents must check the documentation to see what

the proposed system will do, after checking the proposed system, the

proponents will assure that it can be deploy.

Phase 6: Maintenance

Maintaining the proposed system is the main priority of the

maintenance, in this phase the proposed system must maintain like adding

feature of the project, fixing bugs, and modifying code to make it easier to

maintain in future.

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Security Plan

Security plan deals about the security of the proposed system in terms

of the staff’s information and their documents.

The restriction of the user in the system in which

only the admin can access the admin page by


Access Control
using their accounts.

The signing up form for the admin that they can

only access and can browse the data content


Data Exposure
inside of the admin page.

To ensure that all the files and content are in their

proper places, and also in terms of the security of


Misconfiguration
the admin that all their files are restricted and

arranged based on their inputs.

Maintenance Plan

The back-up of the database is

downloadable and can be


Database back-up
downloaded anytime.

GANTT CHART

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