1.

INTRODUCTION

The heart is a central organ in terms of functioning of the body. Heart diseases
have become one of the leading causes of death, and World Health Organization (WHO)
states that cardiovascular diseases are the world’s largest killers, claiming 17.1 million lives a
year. In times like these wireless communication and technology can prove to an asset. This
design is a system which can detect a heart attack in significantly less time and can send the
location and measured heart rate of the person immediately to the doctors and hospital and
can also alert the emergency contacts. This system transmits the message over the internet
and sends the location with the help of GPS module. This system helps all those people
whose health may suffer because they don’t have proper access to hospitals and health
monitoring systems. The lost cost of this device helps to provide appropriate remote based
effective portable heart rate monitoring system.

1.1 MOTIVATION
Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in the many countries, it accounted
for over 15 million deaths worldwide. In addition, several million people are disabled by
cardiovascular disease. The delay between the first symptom of any cardiac ailment and the
call for medical assistance has a large variation among different patients and can have fatal
consequences.
One critical inference drawn from epidemiological data is that deployment of resources for
early detection and treatment of heart disease has a higher potential of reducing fatality
associated with cardiac disease than improved care after hospitalization.
Hence new strategies are needed in order to reduce time before treatment. Monitoring of
patients is one possible solution.
This project can be used in hospitals (Calling Ambulance.) and also for patients who can be
under continues monitoring while traveling from place to place (using heart rate band).
Since the system is continuously monitoring the patient and in case of any abnormal in the
heart beat rate of the patient the system will immediately send message to the concerned
doctors and relatives about the condition of the patient and abnormal details

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The person suffering from heart attack needs an early detection for immediate medical
attention. Most elderly people who are at a risk of heart attack are unable to summon help for
medical attention. Due to the lack of immediate medical attention many people die. Also in
rural areas there is no access to equipment and specialised doctors for their health monitoring.
It is also found that most of the times people go the hospital worried that it is a heart attack
when they have a chest pain and spend money on tests unnecessarily which are costly and
most of the times it is a false alert.

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1.3 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE
This paper presents a brief review on automatic heart attack detection technique used to
save people. An automatic heart attack detection technique based on low cost heart beat
sensors is also proposed. It gives a new way to deliver health care services when the distance
between the doctor and patient is significantly away. Rural area will get the benefit from this
application. Patient monitoring is one of the telemedicine, which always needs improvement
to make it better. It is vital to care in operating and emergency rooms, intensive care and
critical care units. It is also important for respiratory therapy, recovery rooms, out-patient
care, radiology, ambulatory, home and sleep screening applications.

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 2. LITERATURE SURVEY
This study aims on analysing, organising and presenting conclusions based on published
scholarly articles.

2.1 Fingertip based heart beat monitoring system using embedded systems by
Arulanath and B.Shilpa - IEEE, 2017
Everyone today is so busy in their lives, even they forget to take care of their health. By
keeping all these things in minds, technology really proves to be an asset for an individual.
With the advancement in technology, lots of smart or medical sensors came into existence
that continuously analyzes individual patient activity and automatically predicts a heart attack
before the patient feels sick. In this digitized world, various wireless communication
standards have allowed the sensor to develop from traditional forms i.e. require active patient
participation to passive form i.e. require no need for patient participation.
Today’s large number of passive sensors are used that constantly monitor individual patient
essential signs and store that data or share it wirelessly with Human-Healthcare professionals.
By combining analytics and sensor data, reports are made that describe the early health
condition of the patient. Elderly people need to make regular visit to the doctor for their
health signs test results. Observing on regular basis of essential signs is compulsory as they
are main signs of well-being of one’s individual health. One of the vital sign is heart rate.
The goal is to develop a low power, more reliable, nonintrusive, are the essential signs
monitor which gather information on the body and send the parameters through wireless
technology.
In this paper, Fig2.1 proposes a remote monitoring and sensing parameter of the human body
which consists of pulse. The parameters that are used for sensing and observing will send the
data through wireless sensors. Adding a web based observing helps to keep track of the
regular health status of the patient. The sensing data will be collected in database
continuously and will be used to inform patient to any unseen problem to undergo possible
diagnosis.
The IR sensors detect the change in the density of the blood due to the heart beat and the
photo diode sends signal to the low pass filters which are cascaded. This signal is amplified
and the pulses are given to an LED. As the heart beats the LED glows and the beats are
recorded by the microcontroller and are displayed. In the past few years, wireless data
communications have grown from an obscure and expensive curiosity into a practical and
affordable communication and networking technology. Due to this, it is expected that
wireless data communications will become even more popular and more extensively used in
the medical field.
Arduino is an open-source microcontroller development board. In general, we can use
Arduino to read sensors and control things like motors and lights. This allows the user to
upload programs to this board which can then interact with things in the real world. Arduino
is a microcontroller that can sense and control things. Arduino Mega ADK has been specially

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designed for interfacing with Android smart phones. ATMEGA 328 is the Arduino which is
used in this experiment..
An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits to sense some aspects of the
surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.
These types of sensors measure only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it. These types of
radiations are invisible to our eyes that can be detected by an infrared sensor. The emitter is
simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode which
is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR light
falls on the photodiode, the resistances and these output voltages, change in proportion to the
magnitude of the IR light received.
The LM358 is a low power dual operational amplifier integrated circuit originally introduced
by National Semiconductor .It is used in detector circuits. The abbreviation LM358 indicates
an 8-pin integrated circuit, comprising two operational amplifiers at low power. The LM358
is designed for general use as amplifiers, high-pass filters and low, band pass filters and
analog adders. In this project Heart beat sensor module is used to detect Heart Beat. This
sensor module contains an IR pair which detect heart beat from blood. Heart pumps the blood
in body which is called heartbeat, when it happens the blood concentration in body changes.
And we use this change to make a voltage or pulse electrically.
The sensor unit consists of an Infrared Light Emitting Diode (IR LED) and a Photo Diode,
placed side by side, and the fingertip is placed over the sensor assembly. The IR LED
transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected from the blood inside
the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected. The
intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time
the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the
photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected
light can be converted into a pulse. The reflected IR signal detected by the photo diode is fed
to a signal conditioning circuit that filters the unwanted signals and boost the desired pulse
signal. The number of pulses counted within this interval is multiplied by 4 to get actual beats
per minutes (bpm). The heart beat is calculated by five pulse formula.
Arduino controls whole the process of system like reading pulses form Heart beat sensor
module, calculating heart rate and sending this data to LCD. We can set the sensitivity of this
sensor module by inbuilt potentiometer placed on this module.
The block diagram is as follows:

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 Fig 2.1 System architecture
Each time the heart beats the LCD glows indicating that the pulse is received.

ADVANTAGES:
1. Long waiting time for hospitalization or ambulatory patient monitoring/treatment is
reduced.
2. This project provides healthcare authorities to maximize the quality and breadth of
healthcare services by controlling costs.
3. It is also reduces the need of costly equipments to find the heart beat rates.

DISADVANTAGES
It is difficult for the devices to communicate without network.

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2.2 Real-Time Monitoring and Detection of ‘‘Heart Attack’’ Using Wireless
Sensor Networks by Kala John Kappiarukudil , Maneesha Vinodini Ramesh –
IEEE, 2010
India having a population of approximately 1.17 billion people, more than one sixth of the
world's population, experiencing heart disease as the single largest cause of death in the
country with heart attacks being responsible for one third of all deaths caused by heart
diseases. According to a projection by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Indian
Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India will be the heart disease capital by 2020.
All the cardio vascular diseases can be diagnosed by analyzing the changes in ECG pattern.
The emerging wireless sensor technology provides the capability to continuously sense,
process and transmit the required signals to a control station. This capability can be used for
real-time monitoring of cardiovascular patients, which will reduce the effects of diseases.
Wireless sensor nodes are constrained of their available energy and memory. This limitation
can be minimized by integrating other wireless network technologies with the current
wireless sensor network.
Mobile phones are one of the most common devices available with each and every individual
in this world. So these mobile phones can be used along with these wireless sensors to serve
our purpose.
This work proposes a wireless sensor network design for real-time monitoring and detection
cardiovascular disease. This system incorporates wireless sensor network technology with
other wireless technologies such as cellular network, wireless LAN, and broadband network,
for efficient and fast delivery of health alerts. This proposed system consists of a wearable
wireless sensor system, control system, heterogeneous wireless network system, two phase
real-time data analysis and visualization system, and the warning system. All these together
will provide the ECG signal analysis of a cardiac patient, remote monitoring, delivery of
warning to a doctor, relative, and the hospital, and an extended service of transferring the
ECG signals and previous records of the patient to his doctor in a remote location.

Wearable wireless sensor system(WWSS): The wearable wireless sensor system is used to
continuously sense the ECG of a patient. WWSS consists of lead chest electrodes, blood
pressure sensors, respiratory sensors, interfacing and signal processing circuit, and the
transmitter. Electrical signals initiated from the heart are captured by the lead chest
electrodes, amplified and filtered using the interfacing and signal processing circuit. These
ECG signals are transmitted to the mobile phone using Bluetooth technology. A blood
pressure and respiratory sensors will also be incorporated with the system. The data from
these sensors will be monitored when an ECG variation is noted. Correlation between these
three data will be used to produce an alarm.
Mobile Control System (MCS) : The signals transmitted from the WWSS are received by
the patient’s mobile phone. This mobile phone act as the control system, which process the
ECG signals, generate the initial warning, and transmit the data and warning to the doctor,
relative, and patient’s mobile phone, and also to the specified hospital. The warning message
with warning alarm will be send by the GSM/GPRS module of the mobile phone. In order to
locate the position of the patient, the GPS module in the mobile phone is used.

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Heterogeneous Wireless Network System (HWNS): The warning alert and the sensed data
can be transmitted to the doctor, relative, and patient’s mobile phone, and also to the
specified hospital using heterogeneous wireless network system. The components of the
HWNS differ according to the location of the patient. If he is outdoor, he can choose ad-hoc
mode in his processing software, and hence the data will be transmitted through the cellular
network. If the patient is in his house or in the hospital, he can choose infrastructure mode, in
which the data can be sent through wireless LAN, broadband network, or satellite network.
The infrastructure mode will allow high data transfer, and more frequent sampling of the
sensors, while the cellular network will allow low data transfer, with reduced sampling rate,
compared to infrastructure mode. These networks can also be used for providing the
enhanced service to a doctor such as delivering patients old records and current signals for
further analysis and diagnosis for a remotely located doctor.
Two Phase Real-time Data Analysis and Visualization System: The two phase real-time
data analysis and visualization software is used to deliver fast and efficient warning/alerts of
cardiovascular patients to doctor, relatives, and hospital. The first phase is implemented in the
mobile control system that will process the current ECG signals and send real-time warnings,
if required. The second phase is implemented in the central data center. This phase will do
extensive complex analysis of current ECG signals with the available historic signals of a
patient, to diagnose the probability of a heart attack, or any other cardiovascular diseases.
This phase is also capable to transmit the data analysis results along with the ECG images to
a doctor’s mobile phone, on his request, at near real-time.
Warning System (WS): The warning system is integrated in the mobile control station and
also in the central data center (CDC). The mobile control system provides the fastest warning,
whereas the central data center will provide extensive warning about any prospective
cardiovascular disease. The warning will be an alert message.

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 Fig 2.2 Wireless network architecture for heart rate monitoring system

ADVANTAGES

This system can be used for providing enhanced healthcare services to the rural areas of the
developing countries that are facing shortage of efficient specialized doctors.
Also this system can be used to send old records of the patients for efficient treatment.

DISADVANTAGES
The currently available wearable cardiac monitoring system requires connectivity to either
cellular network or wireless network to disseminate the alert. But in the current scenario,
cellular or wireless network is not available continuously. Due to this non-availability of the
network connectivity, alert dissemination will be delayed, increasing the risk of the patient.

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2.3 Heart Attack Detection and Heart Rate Monitoring Using IoT Nikunj Patel,
Princekumar Patel, Nehal Patel – IJIACS,2018

A heart attack happens to a person when the blood flow and oxygen supply to heart muscle is
blocked, and it is mostly caused by the Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The arteries which
supplies blood to the muscle in the heart is hardened and narrowed lead to CAD.For a healthy
adult, ordinary heartrate is 60 to 100 bpm (beats per minute). If a person’s heart rate is
constantly over 100 beats per minute then the person is said to be having higher heart rate
which is also notorious. It is the leading cause of the mortality in the developed world.
A study in Germany has shown that sudden cardiac death does not come out of the blue and
people often have typical symptoms as long as 2 hours before cardiac death occurs. Much
money and research is spent on making people aware of the warning signs. Getting patients to
recognise the warning signs is not an easy task. The challenge is to reduce the delay time
between the onset of a heart attack and the call to the emergency services, since early
detection and treatment is the key to the success of the clinical outcomes. Another challenge
is to reduce the number of false alerts.
A pilot study conducted by Healthcare in the UK showed that 82% of patients did not need to
go to hospital following a test and unnecessary hospital admissions and visits for chest pain
symptoms. To deal with these challenges, fast and accurate diagnostic tools should be at hand
allowing the user to be reminded of the warning signs and also performing an on the spot
heart attack self-test. With the advancement in technology it is easy to monitor the patient’s
heart rate even at home. IoT is network mechanism to intellect and gather information from
world then share the information through internet anywhere.
The proposed system has importance of detecting heart attack with help of observing heart
rate based on internet of thing. This method uses a pulse sensor, Arduino board and a Wi-Fi
module. These are the three units that are been used for the detection concept. After the
whole setup of the system, the pulse sensor will start sensing heart rate readings and it will
then display the heartbeat of person on LCD screen. Also, with the use of Wi-Fi module it
will transmit the data over internet. System allows a set point which can help in determining
whether a person is healthy or not by checking his/her heartbeat provided by the pulse sensor
and comparing it with set point. After setting these limits, the system will start monitoring the
heart rate of patient and immediately the heart rate goes above or below the certain limit the
system will send an alert message. As a part of this project we are implementing an android
application model that will track the heartbeat of particular patient and monitor it correctly
and give the emergency message on chances of heart attack.

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 Figure.2.3.1 System architecture
The components used in Fig 2.3.1 are:
The Arduino Uno
Arduino uno, it is a microcontroller board. It is based on ATmega 328.There are 14 digital
input and output pins of which six can be uses as PWM outputs. RX and TX pins are utilized
for the communication between arduino board, computer or additional devices for serial
communication between them. The operating voltage of Arduino uno is about 5V.The
ATmega 328 has 32KB of flash memory for storing code. The ICSP(in-circuit serial
programming) header will permit us to use an outside programmer to upload software to our
microcontroller unit.
Pulse Sensor
After setting up the system, the pulse sensor will start sensing heart rate readings and will
display the heartbeat of person on LCD screen. For arduino, the pulse sensor is plug and play
heart rate sensor. It can be utilized by any persons who want to simply include live heart rate
information into their developments. The sensor displays the movement of blood through the
finger and is intended to give numerical output of heart beat once a finger is positioned on it.
NodeMCU ESP 8266
The Node Microcontroller Unit (NodeMCU) is open source software and hardware
enlargement background that is constructed everywhere a very inexpensive system on a chip
named the ESP8266. In our System we have used NodeMCU to receive data from Arduino
and send that data over internet.
The heartbeat sensor will start monitoring the pulse rate. LCD is used for displaying the
calculated pulse rate. Once the system starts measuring the Human heart beat, if it crosses the
set limit then the system will send alert about heart rate. Also the system alerts for lower heart
rate.

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 Fig 2.3.2. Counting pulse rate
The reading from sensor will be uploaded to server where data will be stored as shown in Fig
2.3.2. The readings will be refreshed consistently giving the extension for constant seeing of
the patient.

ADVANTAGES
It helps in accurate detection of heart attack, thereby reducing the chances of fake alerts and
unnecessary hospital admits.
DISADVANTAGES
Doctors can keep track of their patients’ implanted devices as well as receive alerts if the
device reports a problem. This does open the door to concerns about patient privacy.

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2.4 Health Monitoring system using IoT by Shivleela Patil, Dr. Sanjay Pardeshi,
IRJET, 2016
Now a days health problems like cardiac failure, lung failures & heart related diseases are
arising day by day at a very high rate. Due to these problems time to time health monitoring
is very essential. A modern concept is health monitoring of a patient wirelessly. It is a major
development in medical arena. Health professionals have developed a brilliant and
inexpensive health monitoring system or providing more comfortable living to the people
suffering from various diseases using leading technologies like wireless communications,
wearable and portable remote health monitoring device. As visits of doctors to the patients
constantly are decreased as the information regarding patient’s health directly reaches to
doctor’s monitor screen from anywhere the patient resides. Also, based on this doctors can
save many lives by imparting them a quick & valuable service.

In traditional method, doctors play an important role in health check up. For this process
requires a lot of time for registration, appointment and then check up. Also reports are
generated later. Due to this lengthy process working people tend to ignore the checkups or
postpone it. This modern approach reduces time consumption in the process. In developing
countries there is lack of resources and management to reach out the problems of individuals.
A common man cannot afford the expensive and daily check up for his health. For this
purpose various systems which give easy and assured caring unit has been developed. Theses
system reduces time with safely handled equipment.

According to the recent statistics, nearly two million people suffer from heart attack every
year and one person dies every 33 seconds in India. World Health Organization (WHO)
reports that heart disease rate might increase to 23.3% worldwide by the year 2030. The
treatment of such chronic disease requires continuous and long term monitoring to have
proper control on it. IoT helps to move from manual heart rate monitoring systems to remote
heart rate monitoring systems A doctor may not be present all the time to provide medication
or treatment to the patients or a guardian may not be present all the time to take the patient to
the hospital. Hence, our proposed system is the right solution for this problem. The remote
heart rate monitoring system is used to monitor physical parameter like heart beat and send
the measured heart rate directly to a doctor through Email or SMS.

A continuous record of body health parameters can be used to detect the disease in a more
efficient manner.

This paper proposes a health monitoring system which is capable of detecting multiple
parameters of our body such as blood pressure, temperature, heart rate. A continuous record
of body health parameters can be used o detect the disease in a more efficient manner. Now-
a-days, people pay more attention towards prevention & early recognition of disease. In
addition to it, new generation mobile phones technologies

Proposed system consists of a pulse rate sensor, Arduino Uno, wifi module and iot platform.
This system is able to measure heart rate of an infant to an elderly person. The low cost of the
device helps to provide appropriate portable remote based effective health monitoring
system. The system is based on advanced wireless and wearable sensor technology.
To transmit the data with privacy is the motto of this paper. The proposed system introduces
security of health care and cloud of things .System works in two major parts viz. storage

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stage and data retrieving stage. In storage stage, data is stored, updated for future use. In data
retrieving stage, retrieve data from cloud. The cloud server can share with authenticated user
as per request. This can be sent to cloud server using GSM and 3G.

Fig 2.4.1 shows the proposed system .The health monitoring sensors are used to collect health
related data i.e. for data acquisition. Communication can be done by controller for sending
data on internet wirelessly. Data processing has been done at server. All data collected and
aggregated at server point. To get health related information in understandable format it can
be shown on web page i.e. data management.

Fig 2.4.1 Block diagram of the system

Fig 2.4.2 shows the working flow of system. The results collected from sensor are analyzed
i.e. if abnormal behavior has been detected , then emergency plan activated to inform the
Doctor about patient’s health .So it reduces critical conditions in Hospital.

Fig 2.4.2 Working of the system

Arduino uno is microntroller based on ATMega 328.Simulation is done on Arduino IDE

software. The ATmega 16U2 provides serial data to the main processor and has a built-in
USB peripheral. Arduino Uno power cable Standard A-B USB cable.It has 14 digital I/O
pins.

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Pulse sensor is designed to give analog output of heart beat. When a finger is placed on
sensor, it starts working; LED on top side will starts blinking with each heart beat. To see the
sensor output, output pin of sensor is connected to controller .The working principle of sensor
is based on light modulation by blood flow through nerves at each heart pulse.

The ESP8266 wifi module is a self contained SOC with incorporated TCP/IP protocol stack
that can offer any controller access to wifi network. It uses 802.11 b/g/n protocols. Standby
power consumption is less than 0.1mW.

IoT Platform:

a) Use the Thinkspeak platform to send data to the cloud from any Internet-enabled device.
b) You can then configure actions and alerts based on your real-time data and unlock the
value of your data through visual tools.
c) Use the Think speak offers a platform for developers that enable them to easily capture
sensors data and turn it into useful information.

ADVANTAGES

This system helps a common man who cannot afford expensive check-ups to monitor his
health every day.

Also this system reduces time with safely handled equipment.

DISADVANTAGES

The continuous flow of patient data requires a dedicated team of healthcare providers to
handle the information, which may, in fact, increase the workload. Although technology is
introduced with the intent to increase efficiency, it can become a barrier to some healthcare
providers that are not technological.

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 3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

The main aim of the proposed system is to perform continuous evaluation for early detection
of heart attack.

3.1 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

Hardware Components:
Arduino Uno:

Arduino uno, it is a microcontroller board. It is based on ATmega328. Moreover, there are 14

digital input and output pins of which six can be used as PWM outputs. RX and TX pins are
utilized for communication between arduino board, computer or additional devices for serial
communication. It has operating voltage of 5V.The ATmega328 has 32KB of flash memory
for storing code. The ICSP(in-circuit serial programming)header will permit us to use an
outside programmer to upload software to our microcontroller unit.

Fig 3.1.1 Arduino Uno

Pulse sensor:
Pulse sensor is designed to give analog output of heart beat when a finger is placed on sensor.
It starts working; LED on top side will starts blinking with each heart beat. To see the sensor
output, output pin of sensor is connected to controller .The working principle of sensor is
based on light modulation by blood flow through nerves at each heart pulse.

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After setting up the system, the pulse sensor will start sensing heart rate readings and will
display the heartbeat of person on LCD screen. For arduino, the pulse sensor is plug and play
heart rate sensor. It can be utilized by any persons who want to simply include live heart rate
information into their developments. The sensor displays the movement of blood through the
finger and is intended to give numerical output of heart beat once a finger is positioned on it.

Fig 3.1.2 Pulse sensor

Wifi Module:

The ESP8266 Wifi module is a complete WiFi network where you can easily connect as a
serving Wi- Fi adapter, wireless internet access interface to any microcontroller based design
on its simple connectivity through Serial Communication or UART interface.

Fig 3.1.3 Wifi Module

LCD:

LCD is used to display the heart rate.

Software:

Keil:

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The keil software is design to solve the complex problems facing embedded software
developers. Microcontroller operates on hex commands. Keil compiler is very good for
converting hex commands into machine language.
Database: MySQL
Platform: IoT Cloud
Operating System: Windows 7 or higher

3.2 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

The overall project aim is taking continuous measurements of the patient vital signs in order
to detect a heart attack before it occurs so it can be treated immediately.
The pulse sensor converts the blood pulse into electrical signals which will be next processed
using the Arduino board according to the algorithm applied to it. Then output the measured
data in the android application interfaces via serial port Bluetooth communication. Finally the
android application will receive data from Arduino via internet to be displayed within its
interfaces. While Android application offers communication between patients and doctors
through, measured data will be recorded and uploaded to our database from within the
patient’s accounts. In addition, the application provides a GPS feature to locate the patient’s
specific location.
If we consider the project as a system containing several parts, the proposed system can be
divided into two main units as shown in Fig 3.2.1, the hardware and the software units.

Fig 3.2.1 System’s classification of units

Data Acquisition Unit:
This unit is mainly responsible for obtaining patient’s vital parameters utilizing sensors.

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Pulse sensor:
It is an Open Source heart rate monitor which considered as a PPG device used to monitor the
non-invasive heart rate. It measures the real-time heart beats and calculates BPM with the aid
of algorithms implemented by Arduino.
This sensor has two sides, the front one which has a heart shape is the side to be attached to
the skin. The pins of the pulse sensors are three as shown in Figure 3.4 below.
If the frond side is facing you, then the most left pin is the GND while the middle one is the
input voltage which will be connected to the +5v of the Arduino. The last one for outputting
the electrical and will be wired with the analog bins of the Arduino. The Pulse sensor
converts the physical PPG into electrical signals. The sensor outputs a raw signal of analog
voltage fluctuations, amplifies it and normalize the wave at V/2.
With every beat of the heart, a pulse wave travel along all arteries to the tissues where the
Pulse Sensor is attached.
When this pulse wave goes under the sensor, the signal experiences a rapid upward rise in its
value. It falls back down toward the normal point and before the next pulse sensor goes under
the sensor, the signal stabilizes to the ambient noise.
Due to the repetitive characteristic of the pulse wave, the peak is chosen as a reference point
because it’s recognizable. By applying calculation algorithm on the time between each two
successive peaks the heart rate is measured. Ideally we want to find the instantaneous
moment of the heart beat for accurate measurements.
According to heart researchers, the instantaneous moment is when the signal gets 25% or
50% of its amplitude. This pulse sensor first measures the IBI when the signal gets 50% of
the amplitude, which from the BPM is derived from average of 10 IBI times.
The arduino calculates the BPM after uploading the code. It also outputs the results for
analysis using both serial monitor and serial plotter.
Measuring BPM:
The algorithm for measuring BPM and IBI is:
1. Initialize Arduino configurations.
-Baud Rate = 9600.
2. Apply input signals to A1.
3. Obtain data from reading A1.
4. Perform Calculations on the data.
5. Print it to the Serial Plotter.
6. Wait 1000ms until the next reading.

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 Fig 3.2.2 System block diagram
The figure3.2.2 shows the architecture of the proposed system.

Fig 3.2.3 Prototype

As shown in the Fig3.2.3, above the Arduino board is connected with the heart beat sensor,
now after completing the microcontroller and sensor setup the board has to be connected with
a power source. Since here we use serial communication for displaying the result or the
detected heart beat we are connecting the microcontroller with the laptop through the USB
port. Now the program is compiled and uploaded into the arduino board using arduino

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compiler and the result is thus obtained in the serial monitor of the so called compiler. There
is no need of connecting number of electrodes to the body as in case of ECG and heartbeat
can be simply measured by finger. It is not necessary to use it only in hospitals or clinics but
the user can use it anywhere i.e. home, office, gym or any other place. This system is very
cheap so it is quite affordable. Beside the benefits for users, engineers and researchers can
develop this system easily due to its simplicity.

3.3 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

ADVANTAGES
1. Portable System
2. Affordable
3. All the patients can be monitored by the doctor
4. Can also be used for hospital monitoring system.
5. Saves from the risk of heart attack as you can check by sitting at home.

LIMITATIONS
1. Concerns about patient privacy
2. Devices cannot communicate without a network
3. Chance of security breaches

3.4 APPLICATIONS
1. Can be used in hospital monitoring systems.
2. Can be really useful in rural areas where there is no access of equipment and doctors
3. Can be incorporated into our daily lives to keep track of our health.

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 4. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

CONCLUSION

We have successfully reviewed the heart attack detection system that uses pulse sensor to
detect and monitor the heart rate and send an alert if it detects high/low heart beats at a
continuous rate. This device is proven to be very helpful in accurately detecting the heart
attacks and the device is of low cost which proves to be advantageous for patients and
hospital management system and those who wish to take of their health and monitor on a
daily basis. The proposed system can also be used in rural areas where they lack proper
equipment and specialized doctors.

FUTURE SCOPE

This system can give the elderly people increased independence by allowing them to go about
their day to day routine without the fear that they won’t be able to summon help in case of an
emergency.
This system can be incorporated in hospitals and healthcare management systems where more
than one patient at different locations can be monitored at the same time using the same
system.

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 5. REFERENCES

[1] Arulanath and B.Shilpa -Fingertip based heart beat monitoring system using embedded
systems - IEEE 2017
[2] Kala John Kappiarukudil , Maneesha Vinodini Ramesh Real-Time Monitoring and
Detection of ‘‘Heart Attack’’ Using Wireless Sensor Networks by– IEEE, 2010
[3] Shivleela Patil, Dr. Sanjay Pardeshi Health Monitoring system using IoT , IRJET, 2016
[4] Kala John Kappiarukudil, Maneesha Vinodini Ramesh Real-Time Monitoring and
Detection of ‘‘Heart Attack’’ Using Wireless Sensor Networks - IEEE,2010
[5] , Dr.K.J.Shanthi, Nayana R Shenoy, S.Nisargh Heart Function Monitoring, Prediction
and Prevention of Heart Attacks: Using Artificial Neural Networks - IEEE, 2014
[6] Nikunj Patel, Princekumar Patel, Nehal Patel- Heart Attack Detection and Heart Rate
Monitoring Using IoT - International Journal of Innovations & Advancement in Computer
Science IJIACS ISSN 2347 – 8616 Volume 7, Issue 4 April 2018

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