Sports League Step 3 Teacher

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Database Design Project

Oracle Baseball League Store Database
Project Scenario:
You are a small consulting company specializing in database development. You have just been awarded the
contract to develop a data model for a database application system for a small retail store called Oracle
Baseball League (OBL).
The Oracle Baseball League store serves the entire surrounding community selling baseball kit. The OBL has
two types of customer, there are individuals who purchase items like balls, cleats, gloves, shirts, screen printed
t-shirts, and shorts. Additionally customers can represent a team when they purchase uniforms and equipment
on behalf of the team.
Teams and individual customers are free to purchase any item from the inventory list, but teams get a discount
on the list price depending on the number of players. When a customer places an order we record the order
items for that order in our database.
OBL has a team of three sales representatives that officially only call on teams but have been known to handle
individual customer complaints.
Copyright © 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their
respective owners.
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Part 3 : Physical Design

Part 3 Step 1: Introduction to Oracle Application Express
Upload and run a script in APEX
In this step you will use the “obl Sports.ddl” file provided for you to create your relational database. This file
must first be extracted.
Log on to your APEX environment using your username and password:

1. Click on SQL workshop.
a. Click on SQL Scripts.
b. Click on upload to browse for and chose the obl Sports.ddl file from your local drive.
c. Once you have uploaded the file click on the run button.
d. Choose run now
e. Click on the view results option and scroll to the bottom of the screen to see if any errors
occurred.
f. If you had any errors then click on edit script to resolve the errors.
g. Rerun the script.

a. Click on SQL commands
b. Run the following query to check that the customers table was created properly:
DESCRIBE customers;
c. Check the description matches your table mapping document.

d. Do the same for the other tables that were created.

a. Click on Object Browser to verify the tables through the application instead of through SQL.
b. Select tables on the left menu.
c. Click on a table to select it.
d. Use the tabs along the top to investigate the table information.
4. All changes that you make in APEX are permanent changes so you do not need to save your work.
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Task Instructions
Use the completed table mapping document produced in a previous exercise to verify the table creation.
Table Name Table Short Name

customers ctr
Key Type Optionality Column Name Data Type Size
pk * ctr_number VARCHAR2 6
uk * email VARCHAR2 50
* first_name VARCHAR2 20
* last_name VARCHAR2 30
* phone_number VARCHAR2 11
* current_balance NUMBER 6,2
o loyalty_card_number VARCHAR2 6
fk1 o tem_id VARCHAR2 4
fk2 o sre_id VARCHAR2 4

customers_addresses cas
pk * id VARCHAR2 8
* address_line_1 VARCHAR2 30
o address_line_2 VARCHAR2 30
* city VARCHAR2 15
* postal_code VARCHAR2 7
fk * ctr_number VARCHAR2 6

teams tem
pk * id VARCHAR2 4
* name VARCHAR2 20
* number_of_players NUMBER 2
o discount NUMBER 2
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sales_representatives sre
pk * id VARCHAR2 4
uk * email VARCHAR2 50
* first_name VARCHAR2 20
* last_name VARCHAR2 30
* phone_number VARCHAR2 11
* commission_rate NUMBER 2
fk * supervisor_id VARCHAR2 4

sales_representatives_address sas
Pk, fk * id VARCHAR2 4
* address_line_1 VARCHAR2 30
o address_line_2 VARCHAR2 30
* city VARCHAR2 15
* postal_code VARCHAR2 7

orders odr
pk * id VARCHAR2 9
* odr_date DATE
* odr_time TIMESTAMP 0
* number_of_units NUMBER 2
fk * ctr_number VARCHAR2 6
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ordered_items oim
* quantity_ordered NUMBER 3
* quantity_shipped NUMBER 3
pk, fk1 * odr_id VARCHAR2 9
pk, fk2 * itm_number VARCHAR2 10

items itm
pk * itm_number VARCHAR2 10
* name VARCHAR2 20
* description VARCHAR2 50
* category VARCHAR2 25
o color VARCHAR2 15
o size CHAR 1
fk * ilt_id VARCHAR2 11

inventory_list ilt
pk * id VARCHAR2 11
* cost NUMBER 7,2
* units NUMBER 4

price_history phy
pk * start_date DATE
pk * start_time TIMESTAMP 0
* price NUMBER 7,2
o end_date DATE
o end_time TIMESTAMP 0
pk, fk1 * itm_number VARCHAR2 10
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Part 3 Step 2: Data Definition Language (DDL)

Use DDL to build and maintain database tables
Exercise 1: Reading information from a script

In this step you will use the “obl Sports.ddl” file to consolidate your knowledge of DDL.
Open the “obl Sports.ddl” in a text editor.

1. How many tables have been created using the CREATE TABLE statement?
Solution : 10
2. How many columns are created for the price history table?
Solution : 6
3. What statement is used to enforce the constraint that the category column of the items table must
have a value?
Solution : NOT NULL
4. What is the name of the foreign key constraint between the customers and customer addresses tables?
Solution : customer_address_customer_fk
5. What are the lowest and highest values that can be stored in the commission_rate column for the
sales_representatives table?
Solution : -99 to 99
6. What are the lowest and highest values that can be stored in the price column for the price_history
table?
Solution : -99999.99 to 99999.99
7. What are the 3 columns that make up the primary key for the price_history table?
Solution : itm_number, start_date, start_time
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Exercise 2 : Updating Constraints

Log-in to APEX and go to the SQL commands environment
Modifying a column
1. Run the DESCRIBE command on the orders table to view its structure.
2. Task: Add a default constraint that will use todays date to assign a value to the odr_date column of the
orders table if no date is provided.
Solution :
ALTER TABLE orders
MODIFY (odr_date DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE);
3. Run the DESCRIBE command again to verify the command was successful.
Adding a check constraint

1. Run the DESCRIBE command on the customers table to view its structure.
2. Task: Add a check constraint that will not allow the customers current balance to go below zero.
Solution :
ALTER TABLE customers
ADD CONSTRAINT cust_bal_ckeck
CHECK (current_balance >= 0);
3. Run the DESCRIBE command again to verify the command was successful.
4. A check constraint is not shown in the results of a describe command.
a. Go to the Object Browser
b. Select the customers table.
c. Click on the CONSTRAINTS tab.
d. You will see your constraint here.
Adding a column
The client has decided that they would like a separate column for the customer’s mobile phone number. This is
an optional column that will be required to store 11 digits.
2. Task: Add column that will satisfy the clients requirements
Solution :
ADD mobile_number VARCHAR2(11);
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Dropping a column
The client has decided that they don’t need the mobile number column as most customers only provide a
single contact number and that is already catered for with the existing phone_number column.
2. Task: Drop the column that was created to store the mobile phone number.
Solution :
DROP COLUMN mobile_number;
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Part 3 Step 3: Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Use DML operations to manage database tables
In this step you will populate and work with the data that is stored in the database system tables.
Exercise 1 : Running a script to populate the tables.

You have to consider the order of the tables when populating them. A table that has a foreign key field cannot
be populated before the related table with the primary key.
1. Use the table mapping document and list the order that you would use to populate the tables.
Solution :
inventory_list
items
price_history
sales_representatives
sales_representatives_addresses
teams
customers
customer_addressses
orders
ordered_items
2. Open the “sports data.sql” and look at the order the data is being added there, does your list match?
This file has been provided for you in the interaction (sports data.zip) and must first be extracted.
3. Run the “sports data.sql” script in APEX to populate your tables
4. Check that no errors occurred when you ran the script.
respective owners.
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Exercise 2- Inserting rows to the system

1. Add a new team to the system
id name Number_of_players discount

t004 Jets 10 5
Solution :
INSERT INTO teams (id, name, number_of_players, discount)
VALUES('t004', 'Jets', 10, 5);
2. Add a new Customer with the following details to the system
Loyalty
ctr First Phone Current tem sre
email Last name card
number name number balance id id
number
brianrog@hoote
c02001 Brian Rogers 01654564898 -5 lc4587
ch.com
Solution :
INSERT INTO customers (ctr_number, email, first_name, last_name,
phone_number, current_balance, loyalty_card_number)
VALUES('c02001', 'brianrog@hootech.com', 'Brian', 'Rogers',
'01654564898', -5, 'lc4587' );
3. This information violates the check constraint that the current balance must not be less than zero.
Change the current balance to 50 and rerun the query.
Solution :
INSERT INTO customers (ctr_number, email, first_name, last_name,
phone_number, current_balance, loyalty_card_number)
VALUES('c02001', 'brianrog@hootech.com', 'Brian', 'Rogers',
'01654564898', 50, 'lc4587' );
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Part 3 Step 4: Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Use DML operations to manage database tables
In this step you will populate and work with the data that is stored in the database system.
Exercise 1- Updating rows to the system

1. Run the following query to view the content of the price_history table:
SELECT start_date, TO_CHAR (start_time, 'HH24:MI:SS'), price, end_date,

TO_CHAR (end_time, 'HH24:MI')
FROM price_history;
2. Obl is going to update the price of the premium bat so you will need to write a query that will close off
the current price by adding the system date values to the end_date and end_time fields. To run this
query you will need to both match the item number and identify that the end date is null. This ensures
that you are updating the latest price.
Solution :
UPDATE price_history
SET end_date = SYSDATE, end_time = SYSDATE
WHERE itm_number = 'im01101045' AND end_date is null;
3. Rerun the select statement on the price_history table to ensure that the statement has been executed.
Solution :
SELECT start_date, TO_CHAR (start_time, 'HH24:MI:SS'), price, end_date,
TO_CHAR (end_time, 'HH24:MI')
FROM price_history;
4. Insert a new row that will use the current date and time to set the new price of the premium bat to be
99.99.
respective owners.
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Solution :
INSERT INTO price_history (start_date, start_time, price, itm_number)
VALUES(SYSDATE, SYSDATE, 99.99, 'im01101048');
5. Rerun the select statement on the price_history table to ensure that the statement has been executed.
Exercise 2: Deleting rows from the system

1. Bob Thornberry has contacted Obl to ask that the 83 Barrhill Drive address be removed from the
system as he can longer receive parcels at this address. Write a SQL statement that will remove this
address from the system.
Solution :
DELETE FROM customers_addresses
WHERE id = 'ca0101';
2. Run a select statement on the customers_addresses table to ensure that the statement has been
executed.
Solution :
SELECT * FROM customers_addresses
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Part 3 Step 5: Retrieving Data Using SELECT

Write and Execute SELECT statements
In this step you will retrieve data that is stored in the database system by using a SELECT statement.
Exercise 1: Retrieving all columns from a table.

Using the SELECT * statement show all data stored in the following tables:
1. customers.
Solution:
SELECT *
FROM customers;
2. teams.
Solution:
SELECT *
FROM teams;
3. items
Solution:
SELECT *
FROM items;
Exercise 2: Selecting Specific Columns

1. Display the customer number, first name, last name, email and phone number of the customers.
Solution:
SELECT ctr_number, first_name, last_name, email, phone_number
FROM customers;
2. Display the name and number of players for each team.

Solution:
SELECT name, number_of_players
FROM teams;
3. Display the name, description and category for every item in the table.
Solution:
SELECT name, description, category
FROM items;
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Part 3 Step 6: Retrieving Data Using SELECT

Write and Execute SELECT statements
In this step you will retrieve data that is stored in the database system by using a SELECT statement.
Part 1: Using Arithmetic Operators

1. Every customer has been told they can pay off their current balance over a 12 month period. Display
the customer’s first name, last name, current balance and monthly payment.
Solution:
SELECT first_name, last_name, current_balance, current_balance/12
FROM customers;
To display result to decimal places ROUND or TRUNC could be used:
SELECT first_name, last_name, current_balance, ROUND(current_balance/12, 2)

FROM customers;
2. Obl is considering giving a gift card to all its customers of 5.00 that can be used to reduce their current
balance. Write a query that will show the customers first name, last name, customer number, current
balance and the value of their balance minus the gift value.
Solution:
SELECT first_name, last_name, ctr_number, current_balance, current_balance-5
FROM customers;
3. What would be the problem with implementing this scheme?
Solution:
The current balance cannot go below zero.
Exercise 2 : Using Column Aliases

1. You previously wrote a query that display the customer’s first name, last name, current balance and
monthly payment. Rewrite the query to use First Name, Last Name, Balance and Monthly Repayments
as the column aliases. The aliases are to be shown exactly as described (case sensitive).
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Solution:
SELECT first_name AS "First Name", last_name AS "Last Name", current_balance
AS "Balance", current_balance/12 AS "Monthly Repayments"
FROM customers;
Exercise 3: Using Literal Character Strings
1. Write a query that will display the team information in the following format:
The Rockets team has 25 players and receives a discount of 10 percent.
Use Team Information as the column alias.
Solution:
SELECT 'The ' || name || ' team has ' || number_of_players || ' players and receives a
discount of ' || discount || ' percent.' AS "Team Information"
FROM teams;
2. Why does the last team not show a discount?

Solution:
It contains a null value which is not the same as zero.
respective owners.
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Part 3 Step 7: Restricting Data Using WHERE

Limit rows using WHERE
In this step you will refine the data that is returned in your query by adding a WHERE clause to your SELECT
statement.
Exercise 1: Using the WHERE Clause.

1. Using the unique customer number in the where clause display all columns for Maria Galant.
Solution:
SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE ctr_number = 'c01986 ';
2. Display the first name, last name and customer number for all customers who have a current balance
of greater than 100. Use an appropriate alias for your column headings.
Solution:
SELECT first_name AS "First Name", last_name AS "Last Name", current_balance AS
"Balance"
FROM customers
WHERE current_balance >100;
3. Display the order id, date and time of all orders that were placed before the 28th of May 2017. Use an
appropriate alias for your column headings.
Solution:
SELECT id AS "Order ID", odr_date AS "Order Date", TO_CHAR (odr_time, 'HH24:MI:SS') AS
"Order Time"
FROM orders
WHERE odr_date < '28-May-2017';
Exercise 2: Range Conditions: BETWEEN Operator

1. Display the inventory id, cost and number of units using appropriate aliases for all items that have a
trade cost of between 3.00 and 15.00.
Solution :
SELECT id AS "Inventory ID", cost AS "Cost", units AS "Number of Units in Stock"
FROM inventory_list
WHERE cost BETWEEN 3 AND 15;
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Exercise 3: Membership Conditions: IN Operator

1. Display the inventory id, cost and number of units using appropriate aliases for all items that have 50,
100, 150 or 200 units in stock.
Solution:
FROM inventory_list
WHERE units IN (50, 100, 150, 200, 250);
Exercise 4: Membership Conditions: NOT IN Operator

1. Display the inventory id, cost and number of units using appropriate aliases for all items that do not
have 50, 100, 150 or 200 units in stock.
Solution:
FROM inventory_list
WHERE units NOT IN (50, 100, 150, 200, 250);
Exercise 5: Pattern Matching: LIKE Operator

1. Display item number and name of all items that have a name that begins with g. Use an appropriate
alias for your column headings.
Solution:
SELECT itm_number AS "Item ID", name AS "Item Name"
FROM items
WHERE name LIKE 'g%';
Exercise 6 : Pattern Matching: Combining Wildcard Characters with the LIKE Operator
1. Display item number and name of all items that have a name that contain a lowercase o. Use an
Solution:
SELECT itm_number AS "Item ID", name AS "Item Name"
FROM items
WHERE name LIKE '%o%';
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Part 3 Step 8: Restricting Data Using WHERE

Limit rows using WHERE
In this step you will refine the data that is returned in your query by adding a WHERE clause to your SELECT
statement.
Exercise 1: Using the NULL Conditions

1. Write a query that will display information for teams that don’t receive a discount in the following
format:
The Rovers team has 25 players and does not receive a discount.
Solution:
SELECT 'The ' || name || ' team has ' || number_of_players || ' players and does not receive
a discount ' AS "Team Information"
FROM teams
WHERE discount IS NULL;
2. Write a query that will display information for only teams that receive a discount in the following
format:
The Rockets team has 25 players and receives a discount of 10 percent.
Solution:
SELECT 'The ' || name || ' team has ' || number_of_players || ' players and receives a
discount of ' || discount || ' percent.' AS "Team Information"
FROM teams
WHERE discount IS NOT NULL;
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Exercise 2: Logical Operators: AND

1. Write a query that will display the customer number, address line 1 and postal code for customers that
live in the starford area of Liverpool. Use Customer Number, Street Address and Postal Code as the
column aliases.
Solution:
SELECT ctr_number AS "Customer Number", Address_line_1 AS "Street Address",
postal_code AS "Postal Code"
FROM customers_addresses
WHERE city = 'Liverpool' AND address_line_2 = 'Starford';
Exercise 3: Logical Operators: OR

live in either starford or Liverpool in general. Use Customer Number, Street Address and Postal Code
as the column aliases.
Solution:
WHERE city = 'Liverpool' OR address_line_2 = 'Starford';
Exercise 4: Logical Operators: NOT Equal To

do not live in Liverpool. Use Customer Number, Street Address and Postal Code as the column aliases.
Solution:
WHERE city NOT IN ('Liverpool');
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Part 3 Step 9: Sorting Data Using ORDER BY

Use the ORDER BY Clause to Sort SQL Results
In this step you will sort the order of the data that is returned in your query by adding an ORDER BY clause to
the end of your SELECT statement.
1. Display the team name and number of players alphabetically in order of team name. Use an
Solution:
SELECT name AS "Team Name", number_of_players AS "Number of Players"
FROM teams
ORDER BY name
2. Display the team name and number of players in descending order of number of players. Use an
Solution:
FROM teams
ORDER BY number_of_players DESC;
3. Display the team name and number of players alphabetically in order of team name. Use Team Name
for the name alias and Players for the number of players. Sort the output in descending order of name
using the alias in the ORDER BY clause.
Solution:
FROM teams
ORDER BY "Team Name" DESC;
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Part 3 Step 10:
Exercise 1 : TOP-N-ANALYSIS
1. The customers are numbered sequentially with each new customer being assigned a higher customer
number. Use TOP-N-ANALYSIS to only show the First and last name of the first three customers. Show
the customers first and last name in the same column using Customer Name as the column alias.
Solution:
SELECT ROWNUM As "Order of Membership", first_name || ' ' ||last_name AS "Customer
Name"
FROM customers
WHERE ROWNUM <=3
ORDER BY ctr_number;
Exercise 2 : Using a Substitution Variable
1. Use a substitution variable that will allow you to enter the commission rate for the sales
representatives. The first and last names should be displayed to screen for any sales representatives
that earn that commission rate and the output should be ordered by their last name. Use an
Solution:
SELECT first_name || ' ' ||last_name AS "Sales Representative Details"
FROM sales_representatives
WHERE commision_rate = :commission_rate
ORDER BY last_name;
respective owners.
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Part 3 Step 11: Joining Tables Using JOIN

Write SELECT Statements Using Data From Multiple Tables Using Equijoins and Non-
Equijoins
In this step you will write SELECT statements to access data from more than one table.
Exercise 1: Creating Natural Joins.

1. Display all of the information about sales representatives and their addresses using a natural join.
Solution:
SELECT *
FROM sales_representatives NATURAL JOIN sales_rep_addresses;
2. Adapt the query from the previous question to only show the id, first name, last name, address line 1,
address line 2, city, email and phone_number for the sales representatives.
Solution:
SELECT id, first_name, last_name, address_line_1, address_line_2, city, email, phone_number
FROM sales_representatives NATURAL JOIN sales_rep_addresses;
Exercise 2: Creating Joins with the USING Clause

1. 1. Adapt the previous query answer to use the USING clause instead of a natural join.
Solution:
SELECT id, first_name, last_name, address_line_1, address_line_2, city, email, phone_number
FROM sales_representatives JOIN sales_rep_addresses
USING (id);
2. Display all of the information about items and their price history by joining the items and price_history
tables.
Solution:
SELECT *
FROM items JOIN price_history
USING (itm_number);
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Exercise 3: Creating Joins with the ON Clause

1. Use an ON clause to join the customer and sales representative table so that you display the customer
number, customer fist name, customer last name, customer phone number, customer email, sales
representative id, sales representative first name, sales representative last name and sales
representative email. You will need to use a table alias in your answer as both tables have columns
with the same name.
Solution:
SELECT ctr_number, c.first_name, c.last_name, c.phone_number, c.email, s.id, s.first_name,
s.last_name, s.email
FROM customers c JOIN teams t
ON (t.id = c.tem.id);
Exercise 4- Creating Three-Way Joins with the ON Clause

1. Using the answer to Task 3 add a join that will allow the team name that the customer represents to be
included in the results.
Solution:
s.last_name, s.email, t.name "Team Name"
FROM customers c JOIN sales_representatives s
ON ( s.id = c.sre_id)
JOIN teams t
ON (t.id = c.tem_id);
Exercise 5: Applying Additional Conditions to a Join

1. Using the answer to Task 4 add an additional condition to only show the results for the customer that
has the number - c00001.
Solution:
s.last_name, s.email, t.name "Team Name"
FROM customers c JOIN sales_representatives s
ON ( s.id = c.sre_id)
JOIN teams t
ON (t.id = c.tem_id)
WHERE c.ctr_number ='c00001';
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Exercise 6: Retrieving Records with Nonequijoins

1. Write a query that will display name and cost of the item with the number im01101045 on the 12th of
December 2016. The output of the query should look like this:
The cost of the under shirt on this day was 14.99

Solution:
SELECT 'The cost of the ' || i.name || ' on this day was ' || p.price AS "Item Details"
FROM items i JOIN price_history p
ON ('12-Dec-2016' BETWEEN p.start_date AND p.end_date) AND (i.itm_number =
'im01101045');
FROM customers CROSS JOIN sales_representatives;
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Part 3 Step 12: Joining Tables Using JOIN
Write SELECT Statements Using Data From Multiple Tables Using Equijoins and Non-
Equijoins
Exercise 1 : Use a Self-Join to Join a Table to Itself (S6L9 Objective 2)
1. Write a query that will display who the supervisor is for each of the sales representatives. The
information should be displayed in two columns, the first column will be the first name and last name
of the sales representative and the second will be the first name and last name of the supervisor. The
column aliases should be Rep and Supervisor.
Solution:
SELECT r.first_name|| ' ' || r.last_name AS "Rep", s.first_name||' '|| s.last_name AS
"Supervisor"
FROM sales_representatives r JOIN sales_representatives s
ON (r.supervisor_id = s.id);
Exercise 2 : Use OUTER joins (S6L9 Objective 3)
1. Write a query that will display all of the team and customer information even if there is no match with
the table on the left (team).
Solution:
SELECT *
FROM teams t RIGHT OUTER JOIN customers c
ON (t.id = c.tem_id);
Exercise 3 : Generating a Cartesian Product (S6L9 Objective 4)
1. Create a Cartesian product between the customer and sales representative tables.
Solution:
SELECT *
FROM customers CROSS JOIN sales_representatives;
respective owners.

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Database Design Project

Part 3 : Physical Design

Log on to your APEX environment using your username and password:

2. Click on SQL workshop.

c. Check the description matches your table mapping document.

3. Click on SQL workshop.

Table Name Table Short Name

Table Name Table Short Name

Table Name Table Short Name

Table Name Table Short Name

Table Name Table Short Name

Table Name Table Short Name

Table Name Table Short Name

Table Name Table Short Name

Table Name Table Short Name

Table Name Table Short Name

Part 3 Step 2: Data Definition Language (DDL)

Exercise 1: Reading information from a script

Open the “obl Sports.ddl” in a text editor.

Exercise 2 : Updating Constraints

Adding a check constraint

Part 3 Step 3: Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Exercise 1 : Running a script to populate the tables.

3. Run the “sports data.sql” script in APEX to populate your tables

4. Check that no errors occurred when you ran the script.

Exercise 2- Inserting rows to the system

id name Number_of_players discount

2. Add a new Customer with the following details to the system

Part 3 Step 4: Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Exercise 1- Updating rows to the system

SELECT start_date, TO_CHAR (start_time, 'HH24:MI:SS'), price, end_date,

Exercise 2: Deleting rows from the system

Part 3 Step 5: Retrieving Data Using SELECT

Exercise 1: Retrieving all columns from a table.

Exercise 2: Selecting Specific Columns

2. Display the name and number of players for each team.

Part 3 Step 6: Retrieving Data Using SELECT

Part 1: Using Arithmetic Operators

To display result to decimal places ROUND or TRUNC could be used:

SELECT first_name, last_name, current_balance, ROUND(current_balance/12, 2)

3. What would be the problem with implementing this scheme?

Exercise 2 : Using Column Aliases

Exercise 3: Using Literal Character Strings

2. Why does the last team not show a discount?

Part 3 Step 7: Restricting Data Using WHERE

Exercise 1: Using the WHERE Clause.

Exercise 2: Range Conditions: BETWEEN Operator

Exercise 3: Membership Conditions: IN Operator

Exercise 4: Membership Conditions: NOT IN Operator

Exercise 5: Pattern Matching: LIKE Operator

SELECT itm_number AS "Item ID", name AS "Item Name"

WHERE name LIKE 'g%';

Part 3 Step 8: Restricting Data Using WHERE

Exercise 1: Using the NULL Conditions

Exercise 2: Logical Operators: AND

Exercise 3: Logical Operators: OR

Exercise 4: Logical Operators: NOT Equal To

Part 3 Step 9: Sorting Data Using ORDER BY

Part 3 Step 10:

Exercise 2 : Using a Substitution Variable

Part 3 Step 11: Joining Tables Using JOIN

Exercise 1: Creating Natural Joins.

Exercise 2: Creating Joins with the USING Clause