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- Entering temples or holy places. Pura is a place of worship for Hindus therefore, as
a place of worship, of course you cannot just enter it. For women who are
menstruating or coming for a month it is strictly forbidden to enter the sacred area
temporarily because the woman is considered to be in a dirty condition. Taking
pictures with excessive flash when Hindus pray at the temple and speak harshly is
strictly prohibited. Before visiting the temple, it would be nice to choose clothes
that are polite and comfortable to wear and do not forget to wear a cloth or scarf
when you want to enter the temple area.
- Touch or hold the head of a Balinese person. Balinese people believe that the head
is the holiest part of the body. Therefore, avoid holding the head, even if you want
to rub the children's head as a sign of affection, the action is also considered rude.
- Swearing and honking when there is a ceremony accompaniment on the road. At
times there will always be celebrations of traditional ceremonies on the streets
such as wedding ceremonies, prayers or ngaben which can cause the streets to
become jammed. But don't be annoyed then swear or honk loudly and repeatedly
because that means you don't respect the area you're visiting.
- Holidays When Nyepi in Bali. If your holiday time coincides with Nyepi
celebrations in Bali, you are obliged to carry out a prohibition in which Balinese
must obey such as not coming out of their house or residence, not lighting a fire
and not turning on the lights even though dark conditions except emergency
conditions such as some are sick, give birth or other emergency conditions.
Pecalang will always supervise their respective environments to ensure that no
one is violating.
Avoid Using Balinese Language
Every society has its own culture. And that culture cannot be separated from their
own language. So with Bali. There are things you must know about Balinese culture and
language that are considered impolite for local people.
1. Pirata
Pirata is a Balinese ancestor. And if you call that word, you are considered to have
sinned.
2. Cai Cicing
Actually, cicing means dogs, pets that are most favored by most Balinese. However, if
you add Cai, that means you are a dog or rather you behave like a dog.
3. Nani
For those of you who have been to Bali often and gathered with local people, you may
have heard Nani said. This actually means you. Only rule, for Balinese, this is very
rude.
B. Etiquette and Taboo in Sumatera
- Harsh words in Sumatra:
o Pukimak. Another meaning: Motherfucker. Similar to the sensation by saying
"Fuck" in Indonesian.
o Pantek. Pantek in Indonesian is "Butt". Don't know what the female ass or
male ass means.
o Kampang. Kampang is a word of humiliation commonly expressed by the
people of Palembang, while the meaning of kampang is the term "illegitimate
child".
o Bodat. Bodat is the invective word used by the Batak people which means
Monkey
o Bagudung. Bagudung is mice come from the Batak language. In Medan it is
more often used for swearing at people
o Lontong. According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary the meaning of the word
Lontong is food made from rice wrapped in banana leaves and steamed with
boiling water until it is cooked, and if in Medan, Lontong is identical to the
usual food menu eaten in the morning (breakfast). But be careful if you say the
word Lontong in the city of Medan, because besides Food, the word Lontong
in the Medan language can also be interpreted into a form of abuse against
someone.
o Pilat. Pilat = pler = male genitals. Pilat, or complete pilat's dung in palembang
language actually means whitish that is often found in the folds of the head of
the penis, especially the head of the penis that is rarely washed. in its
development, pilat's dung is often used as swearing and abuse.
o Mandi = sweet iced tea, When you want to order sweet iced tea by saying
'Mandi' and Es Nutri Sari by saying 'Nurdin' Medan people, if they order sweet
iced tea at the cafe, it is impossible to say "sweet iced tea", they will say
"bang, I order Mandi one".
o Abang & kakak. If they don't know the person who wants to be called, then
call them 'Abang' and 'Kakak' without seeing age. It has become a habit,
politeness in any tribe must exist. However, specifically Medan people always
call people who are not known as 'Abang' or 'Kakak'. if the hair has turned
white because the age is certainly not like that calling it different. But pay
attention when you are in Medan, you will not hear the names 'aunt', 'uncle',
'father', or 'mother'.
o Onde mande. Onde mande is an ordinary phrase used by Padang people to
show shocked expressions, both positive and negative. If separated, “mande”
means mother, if interpreted, onde mande is parallel to the word "Oh my God,
Mother!".
o Eat betel and areca nuts. Eat betel and areca nuts it called Menginang. It is the
habit Medan people, the function of respect for guests, the means of delivery
of speech, greeting and politeness before starting a conversation
C. Etiquette and Taboo in Sulawesi
- manners are also shown through cross-legged sitting (tudassalekka), ways of
standing that cannot be hunched on the waist or puffing up the chest, how to
invite, how to receive guests (mattopole), and so on.
- Tabe 'while being followed by right hand movements that point to the ground.
This custom is a behavior that shows our respect for older people, Mappatabe
'custom is a manifestation of Taro Ada Taro Gau's attitude, namely harmony
between words and deeds. Alignment between the spoken word Tabe and the body
movement (right hand) is carried out.
- Siri’ the meaning is that the Bugis people uphold self-esteem where if self-esteem
has been tarnished it is the life that will pay for it
- Pemali leaves food or drinks that have been served because they can be affected
by the disaster. This Pemali contains teachings not to leave food or drink
intentionally made without tasting, is a waste because it will be redundant, make
the host offended, and is a form of rejection of sustenance. In addition, enjoying
food or drinks served by the host is a form of respect for a guest towards the host.
Food for the Bugis people is a big fortune.
- Pemali children lie prone because their mother will die quickly.
- Abstinence rests on the chin because it will be bad. Supporting the chin shows the
attitude of someone who doesn't do something. The work is only idle. This act
shows a lazy attitude. There are no results that can be obtained because there is no
work done. Such people usually suffer life. He is considered unlucky because he
is unable to do work that brings results to meet his needs. This inability resulted in
his life suffering.
- Girls cannot sleep until midday because sustenance will pass. Waking up in the
middle of the day symbolizes laziness. When done by a girl, this is considered
very bad. If someone is late waking up, then his job will be abandoned so that the
sustenance that can be obtained passes by. It was also linked to the possibility of
difficulty finding a mate. Because they are considered lazy, single men will not
choose girls like this to become wives. This match is one of the sustenance that
floated because of late waking up.
- Abstinence for a girl to sing in the kitchen when cooking or preparing food. The
result that can result from a violation of this prohibition is the possibility that the
girl will get an old soul mate.
- Pemali sits at the door, it is believed that if we sit at the door then we will fall ill
because the door is a place that is often passed by spirits
- Photo takers with an odd number, it is believed that people in the middle position
will die quickly
- When we finish eating then we want to go out, before we first clean the dinner
plate if we don't clean it it is believed that when we are on the trip we will get a
disaster.
- If there is a butterfly animal entering the house it is believed that there will be
guests who will come
- Meaning of Greetings: Iyye Iyyo, and Iko,. There are several greeting words
regarding manners and linguistic language that must be known when in the Bugis
community, for example the words Iyye, Iyyo, and Iko.
a. Iyye For the word Iyye, it means "yes" or yes, and this word is a very
polite and refined choice of words. This word is often used when
communicating with whom only especially to people we respect.
Sometimes we find affirmations by nodding our heads and shaking the
forehead to the interlocutors, this is considered impolite especially in an
official forum. Saying the word "Iyye" can be by lowering your head
slightly (just a bit like a nod). Saying it once, up to two or three times is
still pretty polite, "Yea, iye ... Iyye". But saying it the word "Iyye" has
been more than three times, it can lead to offense or can be seen as insolent
(mauni sokko na manu narekko maulingngi), in local language bugis is
called matempo and in Makassar is called "patoa-toai", this generally, both
relatives, not relatives, and outsiders, especially for Bugis people. Here is
the importance of understanding "Bugis Conception about Tau '(Human)
and Sipak or (humanizing each other)".
b. Iyyo Said Iyyo's greeting also means "yes" is considered rude and rude.
For example, someone asked, "Want to come to Soppeng?" If answered
"Iyyo" then that means not polite, but if answered "Iyye", that's a very
polite answer.
c. Iko said Iko or you often used to answer or affirm a question clearly. This
word is considered to be impolite specifically regarding manners and
manners among Bugis. But often it is also used in an internal family
environment.
There are words in Bugis language that should not be spoken in social
interaction, especially when communicating with parents or elders such as:
iyyo, iko, buntalli, ciballe, tilaso, tilessi, cundekke, and so on.
NORTH MALUKU
- The broom cant be touched by our body when already touch we must step on the
broom.
- When we talk about ghost, our feet cant step on land we must raise or put on
something.
- Women are prohibited from hitting "tifa". Tifa is an original North Maluku
musical instrument commonly used to accompany dance.
- Forbidden to sit in front of the door because it is considered to be far from a mate
- When night come people of North Maluku forbidden to buy salt
- There are some people who don't eat "ikan sako" because they are considered to
carry illness
- "Lilian" when there is a wedding or a person dies, the residents will help the
family to cook and prepare the event equipment, such as establishing "sabua".
- Pregnant people are prohibited from eating " Ikan lolosi " because they are
considered that children born will have scales.
- The wisdom of the North Maluku people when people die, "Dina" will be done.
"Dina" is tahlilan which is carried out from the first day of death until the next 7
days and on the 7th day must be done larger than the previous day. Usually people
will help make lots of food. and at noon the residents will have a different lunch
from the food that will be served for the evening recitation.
- "Galoli" is a kind of delivery of basic necessities for the family of the deceased,
the "Galoli" usually contains firewood, rice, sugar, coconut, kerosene, and others.
"Galoli" will be given alternately if someone dies in a village.
- Tabea is a polite word that is commonly used throughout in North Maluku and as
a “polite word” the person who pronounces it will get appreciation from the
people around him. Tabea tradition is a customary language of modestly or
behavior which means excuse, that is te more subtle greeting words are generally
spoken when passing in front of people, especially people we respect, friends and
parents. Tabea is followed by the movement of the right hand down towards the
ground, the meaning of behavior of North Maluku people like that is Tabea is a
symbol of the effort to respect whoever iss before us, we must not do what we
want.
- The habits of the elderly there chew betel nuts, betel and lime which are believed
to strengthen teeth and gums. When we visit the north Maluku region, some
elderly people there have the mouth and teeth are red due to chewing betel nuts.
- Every Ramadhan, in take turns they will bring some foods when breakfasting and
Tadarus for respect people in Mosque. Usually for muadzin because he must
reverberate Adzan for right time so he cant breakfasting in his home.
- People there usually wear “Tolu” for protect their head of sun, they wear when
will go to garden, fishing or activity outside. They also use “Saloi” for put their
results from garden or tools for
E. Etiquette and Taboo in Java
1.The attitude of Javanese in speaking
Westerners have a culture in speaking more straight forward than Easterners. They are
more to the point, straightforward and what they are. It is different from Easterners,
who cover the meaning of the sentence with a thick blanket, full of small talk, tolerate
the taste and easily slip into a bulletin.
Javanese speech language is more detailed and rich than Indonesian, because what is
implied is behind what is explicit, implicit is more meaningful than explicit, meaning
between the line.
Javanese feel insolent when they look into the eyes of their interlocutors, while
Americans ask that it be done. Movement-body communication is indeed not
culturally biased. He is influenced by tradition, history, trust and local uploads.
Speaking loudly with the Javanese can be considered angry, whispering with the
Batak people is considered to be a doubt.
Mr. Harto is an example of a genuine Javanese question. Verbal language is minimal,
the gesture is thick and full of contextual expressions. Small cough (deheman) also
has meaning, especially coughing. Even until there was a joke circulating, when Pak
Harto coughed up, the price of basic food items automatically rose. If Pak Harto is flu,
the value of the Rupiah falls and the Dollar rises. This is definitely a essay story, the
truth of which cannot be guaranteed.
Another story says, if Mr. Harto receives a guest and arrives at a time to invite his
guest to drink, "Please drink." That was a sign he wanted to end the conversation. So,
immediately say goodbye to withdraw, because the presence of the guest is no longer
desired. Verbal language that is not necessarily understood by the guest.
2.The way Javanese eat
Puluk or muluk are eating habits using hands.
The custom of the Javanese has been passed down for a long time and until now there
are still many of our people who preserve it. Eating food using your hands feels more
delicious; especially if you are sitting lesehan (sitting on the ground / floor with a base
below).
3.The way Javanese solve the problem
Different from westerners who like to maintain their opinions, Javanese prefer to give
in to avoid conflict.
4.Monggo’s word
In Indonesian, Monggo means “Mari” (give an excuse or please). A sign to greet
someone. If you meet with Magelang or surrounding people who greet you with the
word "Monggo" you must reply to the words with the word "Nggeh" which means
"Yes". Give a greeting "Pak" or "Buk" when someone sweeps with the word
"Monggo".
5.How to ask
Try to using Nuwu Sewu to ask to javanse
Nuwun Sewu means excuse me in Indonesian. If you get lost somewhere in Magelang
or other areas in Central Java, you can use the word "Nuwun Sewu" before asking the
local community.
Javanese people will appreciate people who ask by saying 'Nuwun Sewu’ rather than
'excuse'. Especially those who are elderly (parents).
6.prohibition or Excuse of Javanese people
When you go to a tourist spot and there are people who say 'Ora Ilok' about
something, obey.
Ora Ilok means ‘not good’ in Indonesian. If you have been advised by local people
about something and say "ora ilok", you should avoid it.
In addition to safeguarding the feelings of local people, it is also good to avoid things
that are not desired according to Javanese beliefs.