Lawrence 1

Luke Lawrence

Professor Barnes

English 1201

23 October 2019

Annotated Bibliography

Atkin, Charlie. “Horse Racing Might Be the Most Horrific Sport in the World, Some Say. Here

Are the Facts.” The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 4 May 2017,

www.independent.co.uk/sport/racing/horse-racing-grand-national-aintree-horses-betting-

fatal-deadly-cruel-injury-a7704086.html

This article was written by Charlie Atkin and was posted on the website Independent. This article

was posted in may of 2017 and the main point of the article it asking if horse racing really as

deadly and cruel as people think. There are three main questions asked in this article with the

first being how many horses die in racing. They say that the fatality rate is less than one percent

of all of the horses that are in training which is around 14,000 horses. The second question is

why are races like the Grand National so infamous. The reason this is a question asked is these

races are very tough on the horse because they have to jump thirty fences over four and quarter

miles. But there have been no deaths for the horses in over five years. The last question asks

what changes have been mad and have they worked. They show how safety measures have

improved and how they are actually working to keep the horses and the jockey’s safer during

racing. This article was written to show that some people believe that horse racing is a very

dangerous sport for the horse because of the running they have to do and also the pain that it

could put the horse through jumping over fences and hitting that fence going a speeds above

thirty miles an hour. The author and website are most definitely credible because the information
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that is used is all factual and has the statistics to prove that. Also, the writer posting this article

had to be verified in order to be able to post on this website. This section will be used in my

paper in the counter section where I will counter what my claim is. Is horse racing ethical is my

question and I think that it is not and this shows how it is fine and it is not hurting the horses.

Engle, Jeremy. “Is Horse Racing Ethical?” The New York Times, The New York Times, 9 Apr.

2019, www.nytimes.com/2019/04/09/learning/is-horse-racing-ethical.html.

The author of this article is Jeremy Engle and the source are the New York Times newspaper.

The article was written is April of 2019 and the main point of this article is in general whether

horse racing is ethical or not. This article talks about how there have been twenty-three equine

deaths since last December. With those deaths, twenty of them have come from the same race

track in California. That track being the Santa Anita track and this track is currently under

investigation as to why so many fatalities have happened on this track and whether or not this

track should be closed down. This article also talks about how horse racing has declined over the

years compared to how it used to be. Yes, there is still a lot of money in the industry, but over the

years the horse racing industry is just not the same as it used to be. The purpose of this article

being written is so show that horse racing may have some spots that are considered ethical, but

they push more towards the side that horse racing is not ethical and they show that by how many

deaths have occurred over the last year. They are trying to pursued you to believe that horse

racing is unethical and just to explain why and what is going on in the field of horse racing. The

writer is most definitely credible by that fact that he is posting his article is the New York Times

paper. This paper is very credible and all of the information that is said is factual and have the

data to prove it. This information will be used to back up my claim that horse racing is not
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ethical and that there needs to be a change in the way these horses are being treated so that they

are not dying while they are racing.

Cohen, Andrew. “The Ugly Truth About Horse Racing.” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company,

26 Mar. 2014, www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2014/03/the-ugly-truth-about-

horse-racing/284594/.

This article was written by Andrew Cohen and the source is The Atlantic. This article was

written in March of 2014 and was shown on the New York Times with the main idea of the

article just explaining the three different types of people that are involved in horse racing. There

are the crooks who dangerously drug or otherwise abuse their horses, or who countenance such

conduct from their agents, and who then dare the industry to come catch them. Then there are the

dupes who labor under the fantasy that the sport is broadly fair and honest. And there are those

masses in the middle neither naive nor cheaters but rather honorable souls who know the

industry is more crooked than it ought to be but who still don't do all they can to fix the problem.

This article was written to explain the truth about horse racing and what actually is going on with

horse racing and emphasizes the different type of people involved and how they affect the

business. The audience would simply be anyone who would be looking to learn about what is

going on in the horse realm and what type of people are involved in it. The writer is very credible

and is known for his articles being factual and not bias. His article here was published in the

New York Times, which shows that his article is credible and reliable. I will use this in my paper

to show how horse racing is not ethical and how there are people in this business who are hurting

and abusing these animals.

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“Horse Racing.” PETA, 8 Nov. 2011, www.peta.org/issues/animals-in-entertainment/horse-

racing-2/.

This article does not have an exact author, but was written by the organization PETA and that’s

who the publisher of this article is. This article was written this year and the main focus of the

article is the abuse and treatment of race horses and how it needs to be fixed. The summarize it

well by saying that Behind the romanticized façade of Thoroughbred horse racing is a world of

injuries, drug abuse, gruesome breakdowns, and slaughter. While spectators show off their fancy

outfits and sip mint juleps, horses are running for their lives. They explain how many of times

horses have just broken down and have died and that is about 24 horses on average a week. After

a horse finishes and does not perform well or if nobody likes the horse, they just send them to

slaughter houses. That is about 20,000 horses a year that are being killed just because they are

not good enough. The purpose of this article is to get you to see how bad people are treating

these race horses and get people to make a difference about this and fix what is going on. The

audience would simply be anyone who really wants to make a difference in this business. The

writer is the organization PETA who is very reputable and has been around for a long time. All

of the information that they use is factual and credible information. PETA stands for people for

the ethical treatment of animals, so they are looking to see these horses being treated correctly. I

would use this in my paper to back up my claim that horse racing is not ethical and to explain

with detail certain things that are being done to abuse these horses.

Shannon, Sandra. “Personal Interview.” 10 Oct. 2019.

This is a personal interview and I interviewed Sandra Shannon and she is horse trainer and used

to show horses. I interviewed her last week over this topic and the main idea she talked about
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what the drugs they use on horse racing and soaring the horses. She explained to me how these

drugs that they are using on these horses first of all are killing them because some of the horses

cannot handle the drug and when they are actually racing, they are racing so hard with this

steroid in them that it is killing them. She also explained to me about soaring a horse. This term

is not used in horse racing but is used in the showing of horses and primarily on gaited horses

which is like a breed of horses. She explained to me that they are putting chemicals on the

horse’s legs that make them step a certain way and it would feel like your feet are burning so you

are trying to lift them off of the ground but the pain does not go away. She also explained that

this can make some horses go lame because their legs cannot handle the chemicals and that ends

up with the trainer just putting the horse down. This is considered abuse and needs to be stopped.

The audience for this would have been me and I was wanting to get information on the ethics of

horse racing and the abuse of horses. The person I interviewed has been in the horse industry for

over forty years and is credible for any information that she gave me. All of the information that

she told me was factual and reliable. I will use this information to back up my claim and to show

another point in how these horses are being abused and how to deal with it.

Markwell, Kevin, et al. “Blood on the Race Track: An Analysis of Ethical Concerns Regarding

Animal-Based Gambling.” Sinclair College Off-Campus Authentication Form, 2017, eds-

b-ebscohost-com.sinclair.ohionet.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=7&sid=b941c5dd-e90a-407d-

86e6-e9f3e0490c50%40sdc-v-

sessmgr02&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3D#AN=126205755&db=s3h.

The author of this article is Kevin Markwell and the source in the Sinclair Library database. This

article was published in December of 2017 and the main point analyzes the ethical concerns
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regarding animal-based gambling. Horse racing is a leisure activity that has significance that

transcends their economic impacts as they feature strongly in Australian national identity.

Considerable public distress was unleashed when two horses died following the running of the

2014 Melbourne Cup. Such an event has brought anxieties about the use of animals for

entertainment into the public arena and have stimulated considerable debate. This paper presents

the findings of a study which involved conducting thematic analysis across the online news

media to examine critically the arguments mobilized in support of and in opposition

to horse racing/gambling and the identification of the key ethical positions that were present in

such discourses. The purpose of the article is to explain the ethics behind horse racing and it also

brings in a new topic about gambling on the horses and talks about the ethics of that. The

audience would just be someone wanting to see information about the ethical concerns regarding

horse racing. The writer is credible and all of the information in the article is factual. The reason

this is a reliable source is that it’s a library source from Sinclair. I will use this in my paper as

another explain as to why horse racing is not ethical and to back up my claim.

Kang, Sou Hwan, and Gil-Sung Park. “Overcoming Ethical Issues through Symbolic

Management, Cultivating Proponents and Storytelling: The Institutionalization of Korea’s

Horseracing Industry.” Sinclair College Off-Campus Authentication Form, 2016, eds-b-

ebscohost-com.sinclair.ohionet.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=b941c5dd-e90a-407d-

86e6-e9f3e0490c50%40sdc-v-

sessmgr02&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3D#AN=114326647&db=bth.

The authors for this paper are Sou Hwan Kang and Gil-Sung Park and the source for this paper is

the Sinclair Library database. This paper was published in July of 2016 and the main topic talks
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about the overcoming of ethical issues through symbolic management, cultivating proponents

and storytelling of the institutionalization of Korea’s horseracing industry. This study explores

how business organizations taper their ethical problems and garner positive images as a result of

the managing organizational legitimacy, especially in the case of the Korea Racing Authority.

KRA adopted various strategies with a full understanding of the message, ‘legitimacy matters’,

including organizational ‘repositioning’ in the market from the gambling to the leisure industries.

This study focuses on the three strategic elements of acquiring legitimacy in Korea’s horseracing

industry in order to highlight symbolic management, cultivating agents and storytelling for

propounding its existence as an ethical and socially beneficial institution. The result of the

KRA’s acquisition of legitimacy is the reshaping of its identity and the massive growth of sales

and loyal followers. The purpose of this paper was to explain how the horse racing industry in

Korea is trying to be more ethical about how they run their business. The audience would be

someone who wants to see a different view of horse racing outside of the sates and to see how

their ethical views compare to ours. The authors are reliable and credible for their information

that is in the paper saying that this is in a Library database and that database being the Sinclair

one. All of the information that they use is factual information as well and has very good detail. I

will use this in my paper to show how this issue is not only occurring in the states but also

internationally and how they are trying to make horse racing more ethical.
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