t03 PDF

SECTION 3
COMPONENT OPERATION
CONTENTS
Group 1 Pump Device Group 4 Pilot Valve
Outline .....................................................T3-1-1 Outline .....................................................T3-4-1
Main Pump1, 2 .........................................T3-1-2 Operation .................................................T3-4-2
Regulator .................................................T3-1-6
Pilot Pump..............................................T3-1-22 Group 5 Travel Device
N Sensor (Engine Speed Sensor) ...........T3-1-22 Outline .....................................................T3-5-1
Pump Delivery Pressure Sensor .............T3-1-22 Travel Reduction Gear..............................T3-5-2
Travel Motor .............................................T3-5-3
Group 2 Swing Device Travel Brake Valve ...................................T3-5-6
Outline .....................................................T3-2-1 Travel Motor Swash Angle Control..........T3-5-14
Swing Motor .............................................T3-2-2 Parking Brake.........................................T3-5-19
Swing Parking Brake ................................T3-2-3
Valve Unit .................................................T3-2-4 Group 6 Others (Upperstructure)
Swing Reduction Gear..............................T3-2-6 Pilot Shut-Off Valve ..................................T3-6-1
Shockless Valve .......................................T3-6-2
Group 3 Control Valve Solenoid Valve Unit ..................................T3-6-4
Outline .....................................................T3-3-1 Torque Control Solenoid Valve, Pump 2
Hydraulic Circuit .......................................T3-3-6 Flow Rate Control Solenoid Valve ...........T3-6-6
Flow Combiner Valve..............................T3-3-10 Pilot Relief Valve ......................................T3-6-8
Pump Control Valve................................T3-3-12 EC Motor ..................................................T3-6-8
Main Relief Valve....................................T3-3-14
Overload Relief Valve .............................T3-3-15 Group 7 Others (Undercarriage)
Arm Regenerative Valve .........................T3-3-16 Swing Bearing ..........................................T3-7-1
Boom Regenerative Valve ......................T3-3-18 Center Joint..............................................T3-7-2
Bucket Regenerative Valve.....................T3-3-20 Track Adjuster ..........................................T3-7-3
Arm Anti-Drift Valve (Bottom Side)..........T3-3-22
Arm Anti-Drift Valve (Rod Side) /
Boom Anti-Drift Valve ...........................T3-3-25
Bucket Flow Rate Control Valve .............T3-3-26
Travel Flow Rate Control Valve...............T3-3-28
Bypass Shut-Out Valve ...........................T3-3-30
Needle Valve ..........................................T3-3-32
1HH-3-1
(Blank)
1HH-3-2
COMPONENT OPERATION / Pump Device
OUTLINE
The pump device consists of the transmission, main The main pump is a bent-axis type variable displace-
pumps, and pilot pump. The transmission transfers ment axial plunger pump. The pilot pump is a gear type.
engine power to gears via the coupling and drives the The engine speed sensor (N sensor) and pump deliv-
main pumps and pilot pump. The gear ratio to the main ery pressure sensor (P sensor) are provided to control
pumps and pilot pump is 1, and 1, respectively. the engine, pump, and valves.
7 T173-03-01-001
3 2 1
5 4 T173-03-01-003
T173-03-01-002
1 - Main Pump 1 3 - Main Pump 2 5 - Pump 2 Delivery 7 - N Sensor

Pressure Sensor
2 - Pilot Pump 4 - Pump 1 Delivery 6 - Transmission 8 - Coupling
Pressure Sensor
T3-1-1
MAIN PUMP 1, 2
The main pump supplies pressure oil to the hydraulic

actuators such as motors, and cylinders. Shaft (3) is
connected to each pump cylinder block (6) via 7
plungers (4) so that the shaft and the cylinder block
rotate together. When cylinder block (6) is rotated,
plunders (4) reciprocate in the cylinder block, suction-
ing and delivering the hydraulic oil. Each pump is
equipped with a regulator to control the delivery oil flow
rate.
6 1 Shaft
T173-03-01-004
1 - Regulator 3 - Shaft 5 - Valve Plate 6 - Cylinder Block

2 - Housing 4 - Plunger
T3-1-2
Operational Principle
Engine torque is transferred to the shaft and the
seven plungers, causing the cylinder block to rotate
while sliding along the valve plate surface. The
plungers reciprocate in the cylinder block bores to al-
ternately draw and deliver hydraulic oil.
Plunger
Valve Plate
Shaft
Cylinder Block
T105-02-03-002
T3-1-3
Increasing and Decreasing Flow Rate
Changing inclination of the cylinder block, causes the
plunger stroke to increase or decrease depending on
the slant angle which in turn controls the main pump
flow rate. Up-down movement of the servo piston
changes inclination of the cylinder block. The servo
piston is interlocked with the valve plate via the pin.
The one end of the cylinder block is kept in contact
with the surface of the valve plate and slides along it.
Cylinder Block
Maximum Displacement Angle:
Plunger
Pin
α
Shaft
Cylinder Block Servo

Piston
T173-03-01-004
T105-02-03-021 Valve Plate Plunger
Minimum Displacement Angle
T105-02-03-022
T3-1-4
(Blank)
T3-1-5
REGULATOR 1 3 2 4
The regulator controls the main pump flow rate in re- Dr

sponse to the various command signal pressures so
that the pump driving power doesn’t exceed the engine
power. Pump 1 and pump 2 are provided with one
Pi
regulator each. The major parts of the regulator are
spring (1), sleeve A (2), sleeve B (7), spool A (3), spool Pd2 Air
B (6), piston (4), load piston (5), outer spring (8), and Bleeding
Circuit
inner spring (9). According to the various command Pps
Dr
signal pressures, the regulator opens or closes the
circuit to servo piston (10), causing the inclination of Pd1
cylinder block (11) to change, by which the pump flow
rate is controlled.
5 7 6
NOTE: Pilot oil pressure is constantly supplied in Pg

10
the smaller side chamber of servo piston 12 8, 9
Increase Decrease
(10). Cylinder Block Inclination
T1HH-03-01-018
Pd1 -Pump 1 Delivery Pres- Pi - Pump Control Pressure

sure
Pd2 -Pump 2 Delivery Pres- Pps -Torque Control Pressure
sure
Dr - Returning to Hydraulic Pg - Primary Pilot Pressure
Oil Tank (From Pilot Pump)
T3-1-6
1 2 3 4
T1HH-03-01-002
5 6 7 8 9
12
11
10
T173-03-01-004
1 - Spring 4 - Piston 7 - Sleeve B 10 - Servo Piston

2 - Sleeve A 5 - Load Piston 8 - Inner Spring 11 - Cylinder Block
3 - Spool A 6 - Spool B 9 - Outer Spring 12 - Link
T3-1-7
Regulator Functions
The regulator has the three following functions:
• Control by Pump Control Pressure

The pump control valve in the control valve controls
pressure in response to the movements of the spool. Flow Rate (Q)
The regulator receives this pump control pressure
signal and controls the pump flow rate as follows.
When the control valve spool is moved and the
pump control pressure is increased, the regulator in-
creases the pump flow rate.
When the control valve spool is returned to the neu-
tral position and the pump control pressure is re-
duced, the regulator decreases the pump flow rate.
(Refer to the Control Valve group pages.) 0 Pump Control Pressure (Pi)
• Control by Pump Delivery Pressure

The delivery pressure of both main pump 1 and
main pump 2 are routed to the regulator. When the
average pressure of the two pumps exceeds the
specified P-Q line, the regulator reduces both pump Flow Rate (Q) Pressure Increase
flow rates so that the pump performance is returned
Flow Rate Decrease
to the specified P-Q line. Thus, the engine is pro-
tected from overloads. The designed P-Q line has
been determined based on the two pump perform-
ance. Therefore, both pump flow rates are set to al-
most equal value. Accordingly, the high pressure
pump is loaded heavier than the low pressure pump.
Then, the total output of the two pumps is equal to
the engine output (Total Horsepower Control). 0 Pressure (P)
• Control by Pilot Pressure from Solenoid Valve Unit

(SD)
The MC (main controller) compares the engine tar-
get speed with the actual engine speed and sends Flow Rate (Q)
control signals to solenoid valve unit (SD).
The solenoid valve unit (SD) delivers the pilot oil
pressure in response to control signal from the MC
to the regulator. When the regulator receives the pi-
lot pressure, the regulator reduces the pump flow
rate (Speed Sensing [Horsepower Reduction] Con-
trol). (Refer to the Control System group pages.)
0 Pressure (P)
T3-1-8
• Control by Pilot Pressure from Flow Rate Control
Solenoid Valve (Pump 2 Side Only) Flow
Rate (Q)
When the MC receives signals from the work mode
switch, pressure sensor (optional) [auxiliary] or at-
tachment mode switch (optional), the MC send sig-
nals to the maximum pump flow rate control sole-
noid valve. Then, in response to the signals from the
MC, the maximum pump flow rate control solenoid
valve reduces pump control pressure Pi, limiting the
maximum pump flow rate. (Pump Flow Rate Limit
Control) 0 Pump Control Pressure (Pi)
(Refer to the CONTROL SYSTEM section.)
Flow
Rate (Q)
0 Pressure (P)
Dr Pg
Pi
Pps
Pd2
Pd1
T1HH-03-01-016
NOTE: This indicates the regulator when the en-

Pd1 -Pump 1 Delivery Pressure Pi - Pump Control Pressure
gine stops.
Pd2 -Pump 2 Delivery Pressure Pps -Torque Control Pressure
Dr - Returning to Hydraulic Oil Pg - Primary Pilot Pressure
Tank (From Pilot Pump)
T3-1-9
Control by Pump Control Pressure
Flow
• Increasing Flow Rate Rate (Q)
1. When a control lever is operated, pump control
pressure Pi increases (Refer to control valve
group).
2. Piston (4) pushes spool A (3) and spring (1) so
that spool A (3) is moved in the direction of the ar-
row.
3. Then, the circuit from the large chamber of servo
piston (10) is opened to the hydraulic oil tank.
4. The pilot oil pressure is always routed into the 0 Pump Control Pressure (Pi)
small chamber of servo piston (10). Thereby,
servo piston (10) is moved toward the direction of 1 3 2 4
the arrow. Then, the cylinder block rotated in the
maximum inclination direction, increasing the Dr
pump flow rate.
5. The movement of the cylinder block is transmitted
to sleeve A (2) via link (12). Then, sleeve A (2) is
Pi
moved in the same direction as spool A (3).
6. When sleeve A (2) is moved by the same stroke Pd2 Air
as spool A (3), the circuit from the large chamber Bleeding
Circuit
of servo piston (10) to the hydraulic oil tank is Pps
Dr
closed so that servo piston (10) is stopped, com-
pleting flow rate increase operation. Pd1
Pg
10 12
Increase Decrease
Cylinder Block Inclination T1HH-03-01-018
1 - Spring 4 - Piston
2 - Sleeve A 10 - Servo Piston
3 - Spool A 12 - Link

sure
Pd2 - Pump 2 Delivery Pres- Pps -Torque Control Pressure
sure
T3-1-10
ANIMATION
To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control

Pressure Pi
1 2 3 4
12
10
T1HH-03-01-004

Pressure Pi
1 2 3 4
12
10
T1HH-03-01-005
T3-1-11
• Decreasing Flow Rate
1. When a control lever is returned, the pump control
pressure Pi decreases. Flow
Rate (Q)
2. Piston (4) and spool A (3) is pushed by spring (1)
so that spool A (3) is moved in the direction of the
arrow.
3. Then, the pilot oil pressure is also routed onto the
large chamber of servo piston (10).
4. Due to the difference in diameter between the
large and small chambers, servo piston (10) is
moved toward the direction of the arrow so that
the cylinder block is rotated in the minimum incli- 0 Pump Control Pressure (Pi)
nation direction, decreasing the pump flow rate.
5. The movement of the cylinder block is transmitted 1 3 2 4
moved in the same direction as spool A (3). Dr
6. When sleeve A (2) is moved by the same stroke
as spool A (3), the pilot oil pressure circuit to
servo piston (10) through sleeve A (2) and spool A
Pi
(3) is closed so that servo piston (10) is stopped,
completing flow rate decrease operation. Pd2 Air
Bleeding
Circuit
Pps
Dr
Pd1
Pg
10 12
Increase Decrease

sure
sure
T3-1-12
ANIMATION

Pressure Pi
1 2 3 4
12
10
T1HH-03-01-006

Pressure Pi
1 2 3 4
12
10
T1HH-03-01-007
T3-1-13
Control by Own or Opponent Pump Delivery
Pressure

1. When the pump is loaded by operating any of the Flow
Rate (Q)
control levers, either pump 1 delivery pressure
Pd1 or pump 2 delivery pressure Pd2 increases.
(During operation, pump control pressure Pi is in-
creased.)
2. Load piston (5) moves spool B (6) and inner and
outer springs (8 and 9) toward the direction of the
arrow.
3. Due to the movement of spool B (6), the pilot oil
pressure is routed into the large chamber of servo 0 Pressure (P)
piston (10).
4. Due to the difference in diameter between the Dr
large and small chambers, servo piston (10)
moved toward the direction of the arrow so that
the cylinder block is rotated in the minimum incli-
Pi
nation direction, decreasing the pump flow rate.
5. The movement of the cylinder block is transmitted Pd1 Air
to sleeve B (7) via link (12). Then, sleeve B (7) is Bleeding
moved in the same direction as spool B (6). Circuit
Pps
Dr
6. When sleeve B (7) is moved by the same stroke
as spool B (6), the pilot oil pressure circuit to Pd2
servo piston (10) through sleeve B (7) and spool B
(6) is closed so that servo piston (10) is stopped,
completing flow rate decrease operation.
5 7 6 Pg
10 12 8, 9
Increase Decrease
5- Load Piston 9 - Outer Spring

6- Spool B 10 - Servo Piston
7- Sleeve B 12 - Link
8- Inner Spring
Pd1 - Pump 1 Delivery Pi - Pump Control Pressure

Pressure
Pd2 - Pump 2 Delivery Pps -Torque Control Pressure
Pressure
T3-1-14
ANIMATION

Pressure Pi
5 6 7
8 9
Pump 2 Delivery
Pressure Pd 2
12
Pump 1 Delivery
Pressure Pd 1
10
T1HH-03-01-008

Pressure Pi
5 6 7
8 9
Pump 2 Delivery
Pressure Pd 2
12
Pump 1 Delivery
Pressure Pd 1
10
T1HH-03-01-009
T3-1-15
• Increasing Flow Rate
1. When the pump load is reduced, either pump 1
delivery pressure Pd1 or pump 2 delivery pres- Flow
sure Pd2 decreases. (During operation, pump Rate (Q)
control pressure Pi is kept increased.)
2. Load piston (5) and spool B (6) are pushed by in-
ner and outer springs (8 and 9) toward the direc-
tion of the arrow.
3. Due to the movement of spool B (6), the circuit
from the large chamber of servo piston (10) is
opened to the hydraulic oil tank.
4. Since the pilot oil pressure is constantly routed in 0 Pressure (P)
to the small chamber of servo piston (10), servo
piston (10) is moved toward the direction of the ar-
row. Then, the cylinder block is rotated in the Dr
maximum inclination direction, increasing the
pump flow rate.
Pi
to sleeve B (7) via link (12). Then, sleeve B (7) is
moved in the same direction as spool B (6). Pd2 Air
Bleeding
6. When sleeve B (7) is moved by the same stroke Circuit
as spool B (6), the pilot oil pressure circuit to Pps
Dr
servo piston (10) through sleeve B (7) and spool B
(6) is closed so that servo piston (10) is stopped, Pd1
completing flow rate increase operation.
5 7 6 Pg
10 12 8, 9
Increase Decrease

8- Inner Spring

sure
sure
T3-1-16
ANIMATION

Pressure Pi
5 6 7
8 9
Pump 2 Delivery
Pressure Pd 2
12
Pump 1 Delivery
Pressure Pd 1
10
T1HH-03-01-010

Pressure Pi
5 6 7
8 9
Pump 2 Delivery
Pressure Pd 2
12
Pump 1 Delivery
Pressure Pd 1
10
T1HH-03-01-011
T3-1-17
Control by Pilot Pressure from Torque Control So-
lenoid Valve

1. When the torque control solenoid valve is acti- Flow
vated by the signals from the MC, torque control Rate (Q)
pressure Pps increases.
2. Torque control pressure Pps and either own pump
delivery pressure Pd1 or opponent pump delivery
pressure Pd2 are combined and applied to load
piston (5).
3. Load piston (5) pushes spool B (6) and inner and
outer springs (8 and 9) toward the direction of the
arrow. 0 Pressure (P)
4. Due to the movement of spool B (6), the pilot oil
pressure is routed into the large chamber of servo
piston (10). Dr
5. Due to the difference in diameter between the
large and small chambers, servo piston (10) is
moved toward the direction of the arrow. Then, the
Pi
cylinder block is rotated in the minimum inclination
direction, decreasing the pump flow rate. Pd2 Air
Bleeding
6. The movement of the cylinder block is transmitted Circuit
to sleeve B (7) via link (12). Then, sleeve B (7) is Pps
Dr
moved in the same direction as spool B (6).
7. When sleeve B (7) is moved by the same stroke Pd1
as spool B (6), the pilot oil pressure circuit to the
large chamber of servo piston (10) through sleeve
B (7) and spool B (6) is closed so that servo piston
5 7 6
(10) is stopped, completing flow rate decrease Pg
operation. 10 12 8, 9
Increase Decrease

8- Inner Spring

sure
sure
T3-1-18
ANIMATION

Pressure Pi
5 6 7
Torque Control
Pressure Pps
8 9
Pump 2 Delivery
Pressure Pd 2
12
Pump 1 Delivery
Pressure Pd 1
10
T1HH-03-01-012

Pressure Pi
5 6 7
Torque Control
Pressure Pps
8 9
Pump 2 Delivery
Pressure Pd 2
12
Pump 1 Delivery
Pressure Pd 1
10
T1HH-03-01-013
T3-1-19
Control by Pilot Pressure from Flow Rate Control
Solenoid Valve Flow
Rate (Q)
• Limiting Maximum Flow Rate (Pump 2 Only)
1. The maximum pump flow rate control solenoid
valve in the pump control pressure Pi circuit is ac-
tivated by the signals from the MC.
2. The maximum pump flow rate control solenoid
valve functions as a reducing valve, limiting pump
control pressure Pi.
3. Piston (4) pushes spool A (3) and spring (1) to- 0 Pump Control Pressure (Pi)
ward the direction of the arrow.
4. Due to the movement of spool A (3), the circuit Flow
from the large chamber of servo piston (10) is Rate (Q)
opened to the hydraulic oil tank.
5. Since the pilot oil pressure is constantly routed
into the small chamber of servo piston (10), servo
piston (10) is moved toward the direction of the ar-
row so that the cylinder block is rotated in the
maximum inclination direction, increasing the
pump flow rate.
0 Pressure (P)
moved in the same direction as spool A (3). 1 3 2 4
7. When sleeve A (2) is moved by the same stroke
as spool A (3), the pilot oil pressure circuit to the Dr
large chamber of servo piston (10) is closed so
that servo piston (10) is stopped, completing flow
rate increase operation.
Pi
8. As the pump control pressure is restricted, the
maximum flow rate is reduced more than normal. Pd2 Air
Bleeding
Circuit
Pps
Dr
Pd1
Pg
10 12
Increase Decrease
Pd1 - Pump 1 Delivery Pres- Pi - Pump Control Pressure

sure
sure
T3-1-20
ANIMATION
To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control Pres-

sure Pi Regulated by
1 2 3 4 Maximum Pump Flow
Rate Control Sole-
noid Valve
12
10
T1HH-03-01-014
To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control Pres-

sure Pi Regulated by
1 2 3 4 Maximum Pump Flow
Rate Control Sole-
noid Valve
12
10
T1HH-03-01-015
T3-1-21
PILOT PUMP
1
Inlet Port
Drive gear (1) is driven by the engine via the transmis-
2
sion which in turn rotates driven gear (2) as they are
meshed together.
When drive gear (1) rotates, driven gear (2) is also
rotated. The hydraulic oil, routed from the inlet port, fills
the spaces between the teeth on each gear, is trans-
ferred along the inside surface of the housing, and dis-
charged from the outlet port.
1 - Drive Gear 2 - Driven Gear
Outlet Port
T137-02-03-005
N SENSOR (ENGINE SPEED SENSOR)
The N sensor detects the engine speed, which is used

to control various operations. The N sensor is located 4 5
close to the transmission teeth so that the sensor con-
verts the number of teeth passing by the sensor into 3
pulse signals, effectively sensing the engine speed.
3 - Tooth 5 - Output
4 - Output
T178-03-01-020
PUMP DELIVERY PRESSURE SENSOR
This sensor detects the pump delivery pressures,

which are used to control various operations. When oil
pressure is applied onto diaphragm (9), the diaphragm
is deformed. The deformation of the diaphragm is de-
tected as electrical signals.
6 7 8 9
6 - Ground 8 - Power Source (5V)
7 - Output 9 - Pressure Receiving Area T1HH-03-01-017
(Diaphragm)
T3-1-22
COMPONENT OPERATION / Swing Device
OUTLINE
The swing device consists of the valve unit, swing mo- The swing reduction gear converts the swing motor
tor, and swing reduction gear. The valve unit prevents output into slow large torque to rotate the shaft.
cavitation in the swing circuit from occurring and pro- Thereby, the upperstructure is rotated.
tects the circuit from being overloaded. The swing mo-
tor is a swash plate type axial plunger motor with a
built-in swing parking brake. The swing motor is driven
by pressure oil delivered from the pump, and drives the
swing reduction gear.
Valve Unit
Swing Motor
Swing Reduction Gear
T1HH-03-02-001
T3-2-1
SWING MOTOR
The swing motor consists of the swash plate, rotor, When pressure oil is supplied from the pump, the
plungers, valve plate, housing and swing parking brake pressure oil pushes the plungers. Since the swash
(springs, brake piston, plates, friction plates, and plate is inclined, the shoes on top of the plungers slide
switch valve). The rotor in which the plungers are in- along the swash plate, causing the rotor and shaft to
serted is splined onto the shaft. rotate. The shaft tip end is splined into the first stage
sun gear in the swing reduction gear so that shaft rota-
tion is transmitted to the swing reduction gear.
Valve Plate
Spring
Rotor
Brake Piston
Housing
Plate,
Friction Plate
Plunger
Switch Valve
Shoe
Swash Plate
T1HH-03-02-002
Shaft
T3-2-2
SWING PARKING BRAKE 1
The swing parking brake is a wet-type multi-disc brake.

The brake is released when brake release pressure
2
enters into the brake piston chamber (negative brake
type). Brake release pressure is supplied from the pilot
pump only when a front attachment and/or swing op- b
eration is made. During operations other than swing
and/or front attachment or while the engine is stopped, 3
brake release pressure is returned to the hydraulic oil 4
tank so that the brake is automatically applied by
spring.
5
Releasing Brake:
1. When the swing and/or front attachment control
levers are operated, the spool in the control valve 6 T157-02-04-007
is shifted.
2. Thereby, the pilot signal circuit is blocked and the
pressure in the pilot signal circuit increases. The Brake “OFF” Brake
Hydraulic Oil Release
pressure in the pilot signal circuit shifts the switch Timer Pressure
valve.
3. Then, the brake release pressure from the pilot
pump flows to brake piston chamber (b) via hy- OFF
draulic oil timer check valve and acts on brake pis- Pilot Signal
ton (2). Circuit
Consequently, plates (3) and friction plates (4)
are free, so the brake is released.
Swing Switch
Motor Valve
Applying Brake: Spool
1. When the swing and/or front attachment control
levers are released, the spool in the control valve T157-02-04-005
is returned to neutral so that the pressure of the
pilot signal circuit is reduced. Brake “ON”
2. Therefore, the switch valve is shifted by the spring Hydraulic Oil Brake
force. The brake release pressure flows to the hy- Timer Release
draulic oil tank port via the orifice of the hydraulic Pressure
oil timer. ON
3. Consequently, spring force (1) is applied to plates
(3) and friction plates (4) which are meshed with Pilot Signal
the outer diameter of rotor (6) and inner diameter Circuit
of motor housing (5) respectively via brake piston
(2). Then, the rotor (6) outer diameter is held with Swing Switch
friction force. While the engine is stopped, no Motor Valve
pressure in the pilot signal circuit is routed, allow- Spool
ing the brake to be automatically applied.
T157-02-04-004
1 - Spring 4 - Friction Plate

2 - Brake Piston 5 - Motor Housing
3 - Plate 6 - Rotor
T3-2-3
VALVE UNIT
The valve unit consists of the make-up valves and the

relief valves. The make-up valves prevents cavitation
in the circuit. The relief valves prevent surge pressure Relief Valve
and overloads in the circuit.
Make-Up Valve
Make-Up Valve
During swing stop operation, the swing motor is
driven by inertia force of the upperstructure. The mo-
tor is rotated by inertia force more than by pressure
oil delivered from the pump, causing cavitation to de-
velop in the circuit. To prevent cavitation, when pres- Port C
sure in the swing circuit is reduced more than the re-
turn circuit (port C) pressure, the poppets are opened
Control Valve
so that hydraulic oil is drawn into the circuit from the
hydraulic oil tank to compensate for the lack of oil in
T107-02-04-013
the circuit.
Relief Valve
Poppet
Make-Up Valve
Make-Up Valve
T1HH-03-02-003
T3-2-4
Relief Valve
When starting or stopping swing operation, oil
pressure in the swing circuit becomes high. The relief
valve prevents the circuit pressure from rising higher
than the specified pressure. The plunger is pushed to
the left by pressure (Pp) force of the swing circuit in
pressure-receiving area A2.
However, plunger is also pushed back to the right by
spring force and pressure Pg at chamber (g) in
pressure-receiving area A1.
Chamber (g) is routed to port through orifice (m).
When the force acting on the right is higher than that
on the left, the relief valve operates.
g m
Return Circuit
(Port C)
Swing Circuit
(Pressure Pp)
A1 Plunger A2 T107-02-04-020
T3-2-5
SWING REDUCTION GEAR
The swing reduction gear is a two-stage planetary gear

type.
Ring gear (2) is provided on the inside of the housing, it
is fixed and does not rotate.
The motor output shaft of the swing motor drives first
stage sun gear (8).
Then, rotary power is transmitted to second stage sun
gear (6) via first stage planetary gear (1) and first stage
carrier (7). Second stage sun gear (6) rotates shaft
(output shaft)(4) via second stage planetary gear (3)
and second stage carrier (5).
As shaft (4) meshes with the internal gear of the swing
bearing bolted to the undercarriage, the upperstructure
is rotated.
1
7
2
6
3
5
T1HH-03-02-001
1 - First Stage Planetary 3 - Second Stage Planetary 5 - Second Stage Carrier 7 - First Stage Carrier
Gear Gear
2 - Ring Gear 4 - Shaft (Output Shaft) 6 - Second Stage Sun Gear 8 - First Stage Sun Gear
T3-2-6
COMPONENT OPERATION / Control Valve
OUTLINE
The control valve controls oil pressure, flow rate and The spool arrangement in the 4-spool section (seen
flow direction in the hydraulic circuit. The major com- from the front) is the travel (right), bucket, boom 1, and
ponents of the control valve are the flow combiner arm 2. The spool arrangement in the 5-spool section
valve, pump control valve, main relief valve, overload (seen from the front) is the travel (left), auxiliary, boom
relief valve, arm regenerative valve, boom regenera- 2, arm 1, and swing. Each spool is operated by pilot
tive valve, bucket regenerative valve, arm anti-drift pressure oil.
valve (both the bottom and rod sides), boom anti-drift
valve, bucket flow rate control valve, travel flow rate
control valve, bypass shut-out valve, needle valve, and
spools.
Arm 2
Boom 1 4-Spool Side
Bucket 5-Spool Side
Travel (Right)
Swing
Main Relief Valve Arm 1
Boom 2
Auxiliary
Travel (Left)
Machine Front
T1HH-01-02-005
T3-3-1
System Layout
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Travel Motor (Left)
Travel Motor (Right)
8
9
39
10
38
11
Bucket
Cylinder
37 12
36 13
35 14
Arm
Cylinder 34
Boom
Cylinder
15
16
17
33 32 31 30 18
19
20
29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
Swing Motor
Pump 2 Pump 1
T1HH-03-03-001
1 - Pump Control Valve 11 - Overload Relief Valve 21 - Load Check Valve 31 - Arm Anti-Drift Valve:
(In 5-Spool Section) (Bucket) (Arm 2 Tandem Passage) Bottom Side (Switch Valve)
2 - Check Valve 12 - Load Check Valve 22 - Needle Valve 32 - Arm Anti-Drift Valve:
(Main Relief Circuit) (Boom 1 Parallel Passage) Bottom Side (Check Valve)
3 - Main Relief Valve 13 - Boom Regenerative Valve 23 - Boom Anti-Drift Valve 33 - Arm Anti-Drift Valve:
(Switch Valve) Bottom Side (Relief Valve)
4 - Check Valve 14 - Boom Anti-Drift Valve 24 - Orifice 34 - Overload Relief Valve
(Main Relief Circuit) (Check Valve) (Arm)
5 - Flow Combiner Valve 15 - Overload Relief Valve 25 - Load Check Valve 35 - Arm Anti-Drift Valve:
(Boom) (Arm 2 Parallel Passage) Rod Side (Check Valve)
6 - Check Valve (Flow Com- 16 - Arm Regenerative Valve 26 - Load Check Valve 36 - Load Check Valve
biner Valve Circuit) (Arm 1 Parallel Passage) (Boom 2 Parallel Passage)
7 - Check Valve With Orifice 17 - Check Valve (Arm Regen- 27 - Orifice 37 - Load Check Valve
(Bucket Combination) erative Valve Circuit) (Aux. Parallel Passage)
8 - Bucket Flow Rate Control 18 - Bucket Flow Rate Control 28 - Load Check Valve 38 - Travel Flow Rate Control
Valve (Poppet Valve) Valve (Switch Valve A) (Arm 1 Tandem Passage) Valve
9 - Bucket Flow Rate Control 19 - Bypass Shut-Out Valve 29 - Load Check Valve (Swing) 39 - Load Check Valve
Valve (Switch Valve B) (Travel Tandem Passage)
10 - Bucket Regenerative Valve 20 - Pump Control Valve 30 - Arm Anti-Drift Valve:
(In 4-Spool Section) Rod Side (Switch Valve)
T3-3-2
34 22 Machine Front
23 Machine Front
11 15
20 3 30
9
35
29
7 27
32
14 33
24, 25 36
12 38
21 39 T173-03-03-051
T173-03-03-050 1
Machine Front
A
B
C
T1HH-03-03-002
Section A Section B Section C
Travel (Left) Travel (Right)
5
6 1
4
2
38
39
3 7
T1HH-03-03-003
T1HH-03-03-004
T3-3-3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Travel Motor (Left)
Travel Motor (Right)
8
9
39
10
38
11
Bucket
Cylinder
37 12
36 13
35 14
Arm
Cylinder 34
Boom
Cylinder
15
16
17
33 32 31 30 18
19
20
29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
Swing Motor
Pump 2 Pump 1
T1HH-03-03-001
1 - Pump Control Valve 11 - Overload Relief Valve 21 - Load Check Valve 31 - Arm Anti-Drift Valve:
(In 5-Spool Section) (Bucket) (Arm 2 Tandem Passage) Bottom Side (Switch Valve)
2 - Check Valve 12 - Load Check Valve 22 - Needle Valve 32 - Arm Anti-Drift Valve:
(Main Relief Circuit) (Boom 1 Parallel Passage) Bottom Side (Check Valve)
3 - Main Relief Valve 13 - Boom Regenerative Valve 23 - Boom Anti-Drift Valve 33 - Arm Anti-Drift Valve:
(Switch Valve) Bottom Side (Relief Valve)
4 - Check Valve 14 - Boom Anti-Drift Valve 24 - Orifice 34 - Overload Relief Valve
(Main Relief Circuit) (Check Valve) (Arm)
5 - Flow Combiner Valve 15 - Overload Relief Valve 25 - Load Check Valve 35 - Arm Anti-Drift Valve:
(Boom) (Arm 2 Parallel Passage) Rod Side (Check Valve)
6 - Check Valve (Flow Com- 16 - Arm Regenerative Valve 26 - Load Check Valve 36 - Load Check Valve
biner Valve Circuit) (Arm 1 Parallel Passage) (Boom 2 Parallel Passage)
7 - Check Valve With Orifice 17 - Check Valve (Arm Regen- 27 - Orifice 37 - Load Check Valve
(Bucket Combination) erative Valve Circuit) (Aux. Parallel Passage)
8 - Bucket Flow Rate Control 18 - Bucket Flow Rate Control 28 - Load Check Valve 38 - Travel Flow Rate Control
Valve (Poppet Valve) Valve (Switch Valve A) (Arm 1 Tandem Passage) Valve
9 - Bucket Flow Rate Control 19 - Bypass Shut-Out Valve 29 - Load Check Valve (Swing) 39 - Load Check Valve
Valve (Switch Valve B) (Travel Tandem Passage)
10 - Bucket Regenerative Valve 20 - Pump Control Valve 30 - Arm Anti-Drift Valve:
(In 4-Spool Section) Rod Side (Switch Valve)
T3-3-4
Section E 22
Section D
Boom 2 Boom 1
Auxiliary Bucket
23
11 15
8
37 14
9
36 12
9
13
10
11 15
T1HH-03-03-005 T1HH-03-03-006
Section F Section G
Arm 1 Arm 2 Swing

19
30
34
20
35 16
26 17
32 31
27 24, 25
29
21
34
T1HH-03-03-008
33 28 18
T1HH-03-03-007
T3-3-5
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
Main Circuit
1. The pressure oil from pump 1 flows to the travel
(right), the bucket, boom 1, and arm 2 spools in
the 4-spool side control valve.
2. The pressure oil from pump 2 flows to the swing,
arm 1, boom 2, auxiliary, and the travel (left)
spools in the 5-spool side control valve.
3. The main circuits in both the 4 and 5-spool sec-
tions have parallel passages to make combined
operations possible.
4. An oil flow combining passage is provided in both
the boom and the arm circuits so that when a sin-
gle operation is made, the pressure oil from both
pump 1 and 2 is supplied to the boom or the arm
cylinder.
5. The pump control valves are provided down
stream of the neutral passages in both the 4 and 5
spool sections.
6. The oil pressure in the main circuit (between the
pump and the actuator) is controlled by the main
relief valve preventing the man circuit oil pressure
from increasing higher than the set pressure.
7. The overload relief valves are located in the boom,
the arm and the bucket actuator circuits between
the control valve and the actuator.
The overload relief valve prevents the surge pres-
sure from being developed by the external loads
in the actuator circuit and prevents the pressure in
the circuit from rising more than the set pressure
when the control spool is in neutral.
T3-3-6
Pump Control Valve

(In 5-Spool Section) Main Relief Valve 4-Spool Side Parallel Passage
Travel (Left)
Travel (Right)
Auxiliary Neutral
Passage
Bucket
Boom 1 Overload
Relief Valves
Boom 2
Overload Arm 1
Relief Valve
Arm 2
Neutral
Passage
Swing
Flow
Combining
Passages
To the 5-Spool Section. Pump Control Valve

To the 4-Spool Section. (In 4-Spool Section)
5-Spool Side Parallel

Passage
Pump 2 Pump 1
T173-03-03-009
T3-3-7
Pilot Control Circuit Pilot Signal Circuit
The pilot pressure oil (indicated by figures) from the The pressure oil from the pilot pump flows through
pilot valve is routed to the end face of each spool in the control valve as signal pilot pressure. When trav-
the control valve so that the spool is operated. While eling, the travel spool restricts the signal pilot oil flow,
operating the spools, the pilot pressure oil functions increasing the circuit pressure. The pressure sensor
as follows: (travel) monitors the pressure increase.
• When raising the boom, pilot pressure oil (1) is When operations other than travel are performed, the
routed to the bucket flow rate control valve (switch signal pilot pressure circuits other than travel are re-
valve B) via the bucket flow rate control valve stricted, increasing the circuit pressure. The pressure
(switch valve A) and to the travel flow rate control sensor (front attachment) monitors the pressure in-
valve. Then, both valves are activated. crease. The flow combiner valve and swing parking
• When lowering the boom, pilot pressure oil (2) is brake switch valve (swing motor) are also operated.
routed to activate the boom anti-drift valve (switch
valve). Solenoid Valve Pilot Signal Circuit
• When rolling out the arm, pilot pressure oil (3 and • The pilot pressure from solenoid valve unit (SC)
3A) is routed to activate the arm bottom side anti- shifts the arm regenerative valve.
drift valve (switch valve). • The pilot pressure from solenoid valve unit (SG)
• When rolling in the arm, pilot pressure oil (4) is increases the pressure setting of the main relief
routed to activate the arm rod side anti-drift valve valve.
(switch valve) and the bucket flow rate control (Refer to SYSTEM / Control System group.)
valve (switch valve A).
The air bleeder circuit is provided in the upper section
of the control valve so that the air trapped inside the
control valve is automatically exhausted.
T3-3-8
Pressure Sensor
(Front Attachment) Pressure Sensor (Travel)
From Pilot Main Relief Valve

From Pilot Pump To Swing Pump
Parking Brake Pilot Signal Circuit Other than
Travel
From Solenoid Valve Unit (SG)
Travel Pilot Signal Circuit
Flow Combiner Valve
From Pump 1
11 12 Bucket Flow Rate

10 9
Control Valve
(Switch Valve B)
Travel Flow Rate

Control Valve 8
13 14 7
Arm Anti-Drift Valve
(Switch Valve): Rod
Side Boom Anti-Drift
2 Valve
1 (Switch Valve)
Arm Regenerative
Valve
3A From
3
Solenoid
Valve Unit
4 (SC)
Bucket Flow
Rate Control
Arm Anti- Valve (Switch
Drift Valve 5 Valve A)
(Switch 6
Valve): Bot-
tom Side
Air Bleeder Circuit
From Pump 2 From Pilot

Pump
T1HH-03-03-009
1 - Boom Raise 4 - Arm Roll-In 7 - Bucket Roll-Out 10 - Left Travel Reverse

2 - Boom Lower 5 - Left Swing 8 - Bucket Roll-In 11 - Right Travel Forward
3 - Arm Roll-Out 6 - Right Swing 9 - Left Travel Forward 12 - Right Travel Reverse
3 A- Arm Roll Out
T3-3-9
FLOW COMBINER VALVE
1. When the front attachment and/or swing function 3. Consequently, the pressure oil from pump 1 is
is operated, the spools in the control valve restrict routed simultaneously to both right and left travel
the signal pilot pressure oil other than travel so spools. The pressure oil from pump 2 is routed to
that the circuit pressure is increased and the flow the front attachment and swing spools. Therefore,
combiner valve is activated. when a combined operation of the travel and front
2. At this time, when the travel function is operated, attachment, and/or swing is performed, the ma-
the pressure oil from pump 1 is routed to the right chine can travel straight.
travel spool and the left travel spool via the flow
combiner valve and the check valve.
Pilot Signal Circuit Flow Combiner Valve

Other than Travel
Check Valve
To Left Travel Spool
Pressure Oil from Pump 1
T1HH-03-03-010
T3-3-10
From the
Pilot Pump. Pilot Signal Circuit
Travel Motor (Left) Flow Combiner Valve Other than Travel
Travel Motor
(Right)
Travel (Right)
Travel
(Left)
Arm
Cylinder
Arm 1
Arm 2
Pump 2 Pump 1
T173-02-02-003
T3-3-11
PUMP CONTROL VALVE
The pump control valves are located down stream of

the neutral passages in both the 4 and 5-spool sec-
tions. (Refer to T3-3-7.)
The pump control pressure is regulated by the pump
control valve and is routed to the pump regulator to
control the pump displacement angle. (Refer to the
pump device group.)
The pump control pressure is monitored by the pump
control pressure sensor. Then, the sensing signals are
used to control the travel motor displacement angle.
(Refer to the Control System group in the SYSTEM
section.)
• When All Control Levers are in Neutral:

1. When all control levers are in neutral, the control
valve neutral passage isn’t restricted as all control
valve spools are in neutral.
2. All oil flow is routed to the hydraulic oil tank from
the neutral passage via spool (B), acting on the
spool (A) in the pump control valve.
3. The oil flow through spool (B) acts on the spring
chamber via spool (C).
4. All oil flow acts on spool (A) in the pump control
vale, so that the force acting on spool (A) over-
comes the spring force and the pressure acting on
the spring chamber through spool (C).
Therefore, the spool in the pump control valve
moves to the right.
5. As connecting port PC and port DR via the spool
notch, the pump control pressure which was
routed to the regulator is returned to the hydraulic
oil tank via port PC.
6. Thus, the pump control pressure is reduced so
that the regulator reduces the pump displacement
angle to the minimum, saving engine fuel con-
sumption.
• When a Control Lever is Operated:

1. When a control lever is operated, the control valve
spool is moved so that the control valve neutral
passage is restricted.
2. In response to the control valve spool, the oil flow
acted on spool (A) in the pump control valve is re-
duced.
3. When the force acting on spool (A) doesn’t over-
come the spring force and the pressure acting on
the spring chamber through spool (C), the spool in
the pump control valve is returned to the left.
4. Then, port PE is connected to port PC via the
spool notch. Thus, the pilot oil pressure is routed
from port PE to the regulator via port PC.
5. When the pump control pressure increases, the
regulator increases the pump displacement angle.
T3-3-12
Spool Spring
DR
(A)
(B) Spring Chamber
(C)
Hydraulic Oil Tank

PE PC
T1HH-03-03-013
When All Control Lever are in Neutral:

Spool Spring Chamber
(A) (C)
Neutral Passage
(B) To PE PC
Hydraulic
Oil Tank DR
T1HH-03-03-011
When a Control Lever is Operated:
Spool Spring Chamber

(A) (C)
Neutral Passage
To Hydraulic PE PC
Oil Tank DR
T1HH-03-03-012
T3-3-13
MAIN RELIEF VALVE
The main relief valve prevents the main circuit pres- Neutral:
sure from increasing more than the designed pressure.
Orifice 1 Oil Chamber 2 3
When the power boost switch is ON, the relief valve SG
set pressure is increased. (Refer to the Control System
group in the SYSTEM section.)
HP
LP
4
6 Passage A 5 Passage B
T1HH-03-03-014
1 - Main Poppet 4 - Piston

2 - Pilot Poppet 5 - Sleeve
3 - Spring B 6 - Spring A
Normal Relief Operation

1. The main circuit pressure in port HP acts on pilot Normal Relief Operation:
poppet (2) via the orifice in main poppet (1).
2. When pressure in port HP increases more than Orifice 1 Oil Chamber 2 3
the set force of spring B (3), pilot poppet (2) is un-
seated, allowing pressure oil to flow to hydraulic
oil tank port LP via passage A.
3. Then, pressure in the oil chamber is reduced, de- HP
veloping a pressure difference between port HP
and the oil chamber by the orifice in main poppet
(1). When the pressure difference increases more LP
than the set force of spring A (6), main poppet (1) Passage A
is unseated, allowing the pressure oil to flow from T1HH-03-03-015
port HP to port LP.

Orifice 1 Oil Chamber
HP
LP
6
T1HH-03-03-016
Relief Operation When Set-Pressure is Increased Relief Set-Pressure is Increased:

1. When power boost switch is ON, the pilot pres- 2 Passage C
sure is routed in port SG. SG
2. The pilot pressure via passage B in sleeve (5) and
passage C in piston (4) pushes piston (4) to the
left. HP
3. Therefore, a higher pressure is required to open
pilot poppet (2) as the set force of spring B (3) in-
creases. The relief set pressure increases more LP 4
than normal. 3 5 Passage B
T1HH-03-03-017
T3-3-14
OVERLOAD RELIF VALVE
Neutral:
The overload relief valve prevents the actuator circuit
pressure from increasing more than the designed 1 Orifice 2 3 4 5
pressure. If the actuator pressure becomes negative,
the valve makes up the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic
oil tank.
HP
LP
7 6 T1HH-03-03-018
Oil Chamber Passage
1- Piston 5 - Spring B
2- Main Poppet 6 - Spring C
3- Spring A 7 - Sleeve
4- Pilot Poppet
Relief Operation
Relief Operation:
1. Pressure in port HP (actuator circuit) acts on pilot
poppet (4) via the orifice in piston (1). 1 Orifice 4 5
2. When pressure in port HP increases more than
the set force of spring B (5), pilot poppet (4) is un-
seated so that the pressure oil flows to hydraulic
oil tank port LP via the passage. HP
3. Then, pressure in the oil chamber is reduced, de-
veloping a pressure difference between port HP LP
and the oil chamber by the orifice in piston (1). T1HH-03-03-019
When the pressure difference increases more Passage
than the set force of spring A (3), piston (1) is 1 Orifice 2 3
moved to the right and main poppet (2) is un-
seated, allowing the pressure oil to flow from port
HP to port LP.
HP
LP
Oil Chamber T1HH-03-03-020
Make-Up Operation Make-Up Operation:

1. When pressure in port HP decreases lower than
port LP, sleeve (7) is moved to the right.
2. Then, the hydraulic oil flows from port LP to port
HP so that cavitation is prevented.
HP
LP
7 T1HH-03-03-021
T3-3-15
ARM REGENERATIVE VALVE
The arm regenerative valve regulates the return oil When Arm Regenerative Valve is in Neutral:
flow from the cylinder rod side when rolling the arm in.
Thereby, the arm roll-in speed is increased to improve
the arm controllability so that the arm hesitation is pre- Arm
vented. Regenerative
Valve
1. In response to the signal from MC solenoid valve
unit (SC) acts, then the pilot pressure is routed to
the arm regenerative valve from solenoid valve
unit (SC). (Refer to SYSTEM / Control System
group) To Hydraulic Oil
2. The return oil from the arm cylinder flows into the Tank.
spool from hole A on the arm 2 spool. Orifice A
Hole B
Arm Regenerative Valve is in Neutral: Hole A
3. The pressure oil from hole A flows to the hydraulic
oil tank via orifice A and hole B.
Arm Regenerative Valve is Operated:

4. When the pilot pressure is supplied from port SC,
the arm regenerative valve is activated. Then, the
pressure oil flow from hole A is restricted by orifice
A and hole C, increasing the pressure in the
spool. T1HH-03-03-022
5. If the pressure in the arm cylinder bottom side cir-
cuit is lower than that of the spool inside, the When Arm Regenerative Valve is Operated:
pressure in the spool opens the check valve via
orifice B and flows to the arm cylinder bottom side
circuit.
Arm
Arm Pilot Pressure from Regenerative
Regenerative Solenoid Valve Unit Valve
Orifice A, Hole B Valve (SC)
From
4-Spool Section Hole B
Check Valve Neutral Circuit To Hydraulic Oil
Tank.
From
4-Spool Side Orifice A Hole B
Arm Parallel Passage SC Hole A
Cylinder Hole C (Orifice )
Arm 2 Spool Orifice B
Orifice A,
Hole C
To Hydraulic Oil To Cylinder

Tank Check Valve Bottom Side
Hole A Orifice B Circuit
T173-03-03-049
T1HH-03-03-023
T3-3-16
Arm Regenerative Valve

Arm Cylinder
Port SC
Hole B, Hole C
Tank Passage
Hole A
Check Valve
Cylinder
Bottom Side
Circuit
Arm 2 Spool
T1HH-03-03-024
T3-3-17
BOOM REGENERATIVE VALVE
The boom regenerative valve regulates the return oil

flow from the cylinder bottom side when the boom is
From
lowered. Thereby, the boom lower speed is increased 4-Spool Side
to improve the boom controllability so that cavitation is Parallel Passage
To Hydraulic Oil
prevented. Tank
Boom 1
1. When the boom is lowered, the return oil from the Spool Boom
boom cylinder bottom side flows into the spool via Cylinder
boom 1 spool hole A.
2. If the pressure in the boom cylinder rod side is
lower than the bottom side, the pressure (the
pressure oil in the bottom side) in the spool opens
T1HH-03-03-045
the check valve 1 and flows into the boom cylinder Check Valve 1
rod circuit via hole c.
3. When the pressure in the boom cylinder rod side
is higher than the bottom side during excavation
for example, check valve 2 is unseated so that all
oil flow is returned to the hydraulic oil tank via hole
B.
T3-3-18
Boom 1 Spool
Hole B
Check Valve 2
Boom Cylinder
Hole A
Hole C
Check Valve 1
T1HH-03-03-025
T3-3-19
BUCKET REGENERATIVE VALVE
The bucket regenerative valve controls the return oil

from the cylinder rod side when operating the bucket
roll-in. This makes the bucket roll-in operation more
controllable and the occurrence cavitation is pre-
vented.
From Flow Check Valve
Combiner
1. If operating the bucket roll-in at the most retracted Valve
position of the arm cylinder, the pressure in the To Hydraulic
Oil Tank
bottom side circuit of the bucket cylinder is lower
than that in the rod side because of its own Bucket
weight. Spool
2. The return oil from the bucket cylinder rod side is
separated in the bucket spool. One flows back to Bucket
the hydraulic oil tank. Cylinder
The other flows into the spool through hole A on
Hole B Hole A
the spool.
3. The pressure oil (in the rod side) into the spool
opens the check valve and flows to the bucket cyl- T1HH-03-03-027
inder bottom side circuit via hole B on the spool.
Thereby the cavitation is prevented.
T3-3-20
Check Valve
Hole B
Hole A
T1HH-03-03-026
T3-3-21
ARM ANTI-DRIFT VALVE (BOTTOM SIDE)
The arm anti-drift valve is provided to reduce cylinder
Port A6B
drift.
X
When the control lever is in neutral: Holding Op-
eration
1. The pressure in the arm cylinder bottom side is
routed to port A6B.
2. The pressure in port A6B is routed to spring
chamber A via the spool. X
3. Then, the check valve is pushed downward, clos-
ing the oil circuit from the cylinder bottom to the
spool.
4. Thereby, the cylinder drift is reduced.
Spool
Arm
T173-03-03-028
Cylinder
Cross Section X-X
Check Valve Check Valve Spring Chamber A
Port A6B
Port A6B
Spool
T173-03-03-024
Spool
T1HH-03-03-028
T3-3-22
When the control lever is operated : Deactivated
1. When the arm is rolled in, the pressure oil from When Arm is Rolled-In:
the arm spool opens the check valve and flows to
the cylinder from port A6B.
Check Valve
2. When the arm is rolled out, the pilot pressure is
supplied to ports PL so that the spool is shifted af-
ter moving the piston.
3. Port D is connected to spring chamber A and the
hydraulic oil tank so that the pressure in spring
chamber A is reduced.
4. Then, the return oil from the arm cylinder bottom
Port A6B
side opens the check valve and flows back to the
arm spool.
Arm
Cylinder
Check Valve
Port A6B To Arm

Spool
Port From Arm Spool
Pilot Pressure PL T1HH-03-03-030
Port D
Piston Spool
Hydraulic Oil Tank T173-03-03-026
Check Valve Spring Chamber A

Section Y-Y
Pilot Pressure
When Arm is Rolled-Out:
Port D Port PL
Port A6B
Drain Port D Spool
Spool Piston
T1HH-03-03-029
To Arm Spool T1HH-03-03-031
T3-3-23
When the control lever is in neutral: Overload
Prevention
Poppet
1. When the control lever is in neutral, if the pres- Spring
sure in the arm cylinder bottom side is increased Check Valve Chamber A
by an external force, hydraulic components may
be damaged.
2. The pressure in port A6B on the arm cylinder bot-
tom side is routed to spring chamber A through
the spool as when the arm is in the holding posi-
tion.
3. Then, when the pressure increases more than the
set pressure, the poppet is unseated, allowing the Port A6B
pressure oil to flow into chamber C.
4. Therefore, the piston is pushed downward, the
spool is shifted, allowing the pressure oil in port D
to flow back to the hydraulic oil tank.
Spool
5. Port D is connected to spring chamber A and the
hydraulic oil tank so that the pressure in spring
chamber A is reduced.
6. Then, the check valve is unseated, the pressure
oil in port A6B on the arm cylinder bottom side
flows to the arm spool and opens the overload re-
lief valve.
7. This makes the pressure in the arm cylinder bot- T1HH-03-03-032
tom prevent from increasing abnormally.
Spring
Section Y-Y Check Valve Chamber A
Poppet
Port D
Port A6B
Drain
Port D Spool
Spool Piston Chamber C
T1HH-03-03-033
To Arm Spool T1HH-03-03-031
T3-3-24
ARM ANTI-DRIFT VALVE (Rod Side) / Holding Operation:
BOOM ANTI-DRIFT VALVE
The anti-drift valves (on the arm cylinder rod side and
boom cylinder bottom side) are provided to reduce
cylinder drift.
Spool
Arm Spool
NOTE: The construction of the arm anti-drift valve Boom Spool
is identical to the boom anti-drift valve.
When the control valve is in neutral: Holding Op-

eration
1. The oil pressure in the arm cylinder rod side (the Oil Chamber
boom cylinder bottom side) is routed to port B6 A
(B3).
2. Then, the pressure in port B6 (B3) is routed to oil
chamber A through the spool. Check Valve Port B6 (B3) T1HH-03-03-035
3. Thereby, the check valve is pushed to block the oil

flow from the cylinder to the spool so that the cyl- Deactivation (Arm Roll-In, Boom Lower):
inder drift is reduced.
When the control valve is operated: Deactivation

1. When the arm is rolled in (the boom is lowered),
the pressure oil from the arm (boom) spool opens Arm Spool
Boom Spool
the check valve so that the pressure oil flows to
the cylinder via port B6 (B3).
2. When the arm is rolled out (the boom is raised),
the pilot oil pressure moves the spool.
3. The oil in oil chamber A flows back to the hydrau-
lic oil tank through the spool, reducing pressure in
oil chamber A.
4. Then, the return oil from the arm cylinder rod side
(the boom cylinder bottom side) passes port B6
(B3), opens the check valve, and flows to the arm Check Valve Port B6 (B3)
T1HH-03-03-037
spool (the boom spool).
Deactivation (Arm Roll-Out, Boom Raise):
Spool
To Arm Cylinder
To Boom Cylinder Spool Arm Spool
Boom Spool
To Hydraulic Oil
Tank. Pilot Pressure
Arm Roll-Out Pilot Pressure

Boom Raise Pilot Pressure
To Arm Spool. Oil Chamber A

Check Valve T1HH-03-03-034
To Boom Spool.
Port B6 (B3) T1HH-03-03-036

Check Valve
T3-3-25
BUCKET FLOW RATE CONTROL VALVE When Bucket is Single-Operated:
Check Valve
The bucket flow rate control valve consists of the pop-
pet valve, switch valve A, and switch valve B.
The bucket flow rate control valve restricts the bucket
Poppet Valve
oil flow to give priority to the boom raise operation
Switch Valve B
when the bucket, arm roll-in, and boom raise functions
are simultaneously operated.
1. The pressure oil from the neutral passage flows to

the poppet valve. Bucket Cylinder
When the Bucket is Single-Operated: Bucket Spool

2. Normally, the pressure oil opens the check valve
in the poppet valve and flows to port A2 from
chamber A.
3. Both the check valve and poppet in the poppet
valve are supported by the same spring. There-
fore, when the check valve is opened, the poppet
valve is also opened, allowing the pressure oil
from the neutral circuit to directly flow to the
bucket spool. T1HH-03-03-038
When the bucket, the arm roll-in and the boom When Bucket the Arm Roll-In and Boom Raise are
raise are combined-operated: Combined-Operated:
4. When operating the arm roll-in, the arm roll-in pilot Check Valve
pressure shifts the spool in switch valve A.
5. Therefore, the boom raise pilot pressure through
switch valve A shifts the Spool in switch valve B. Poppet Valve
6. But, when switch valve B spool is moved to re- Switch Valve B
strict the pressure oil flow from chamber A to port
A2, pressure in chamber A increases.
7. Then, the poppet is raised to reduce the pressure
oil flow from the neutral passage to the bucket
spool. Bucket Cylinder
8. Accordingly, the pressure oil has precedence to
flow to boom 1 spool via the parallel passage so Bucket Spool
that the boom is raised.
Arm Roll-In Pilot Switch Valve A

Pressure
Boom Raise T1HH-03-03-039

Pilot Pressure
T3-3-26
When Bucket is Single-Operated:
Neutral Passage
Check Valve
Poppet Valve
A2 B2
Chamber A
Spring
T1HH-03-03-040
When Bucket, Arm Roll-In and Boom Raise are Combined-Operated:
Neutral Passage
Poppet Valve
A2 B2
Chamber A
Switch Valve B
Spool
Boom Raise Pilot Pressure T1HH-03-03-041
From Switch Valve A
T3-3-27
TRAVEL FLOW RATE CONTROL VALVE
When the travel and boom raise combined operation is
performed, the flow combiner valve is opened so that
the pressure oil from pump 1 flows to both right and left
travel motors and the pressure oil from pump 2 flows
to boom 2 spool.
When traveling on a flat or down slope surface, the
travel motor load pressure becomes lower than the Travel (Left) Spool
boom cylinder. Accordingly, the pressure oil from pump Piston Poppet
2 is routed to the lower pressure side of the travel (left)
spool via parallel passage P2’, reducing the oil flow to
the high pressure side of the boom 2 spool.
To Hydraulic Oil Tank
The travel flow control valve restricts the passage to
the travel (left) spool from parallel passage P2’ in such
cases and secures oil flow to raise the boom. Boom Raise From Flow
Pilot Pressure Combiner
1. When the boom is raised, the boom raise pilot Valve
pressure is supplied to the travel flow control Neutral Passage P2 Parallel Passage P2’
valve, pushing piston to the right to increase the
T173-03-03-043
spring force. Spring
2. Then, the poppet is pushed to the right harder.
3. Therefore, even if the pressure in the travel (left)
neutral passage P2 is reduced lower than the
parallel passage P2’, the poppet does not unseat.
4. Thereby, the pressure oil from pump 2 does not
flow to the travel (left) spool but flows to the boom
2 spool, ensuring boom raise operation.
T3-3-28
Travel (Left) Travel (Right)
Parallel Passage
P2’
Piston
Boom Raise
Pilot Pressure
Poppet
Neutral Passage
P2
T1HH-03-03-042
T3-3-29
BYPASS SHUT-OUT VALVE
The bypass shut-out valve is provided in the neutral 1. When the attachment is operated, the pilot pres-
passage of the 4-spool section control valve. The by- sure is routed to port PBC.
pass shut-out valve allows the pressure oil from pump 2. Then, the bypass shut-out valve spool is moved to
1 to join into the pressure oil from pump 2 when an the right, closing the passage from the neutral cir-
attachment is operated by the auxiliary spool in the 5- cuit to port T2.
spool section control valve. 3. Accordingly, the pressure oil from pump 1 flows
from the neutral passage to port A4 and is routed
further to the point just before the auxiliary spool
in the 5-spool section control valve where the
pressure oil joins into the pressure oil flow from
pump 2.
Port PBC
Pilot Pressure
Neutral Circuit in 4-Spool

To Attachment Section Control Valve
Spool
Port A4
Port T2
Spool
T1HH-03-03-043
T3-3-30
To Attachment Auxiliary
Spool
Bypass
Shut-Out Valve
To 5-Spool Side
Control Valve To 4-Spool Side
Control Valve
Pilot Pressure
Pump 2 Pump 1
T173-03-03-044
T3-3-31
NEEDLE VALVE
Port DR2 Needle Valve
The needle valve is provided for emergencies in order
to lower the boom, in case stopping the engine is nec-
essary.
Boom Anti-
1. The pressure oil in the boom cylinder bottom side Drift Valve
(Switch Valve)
is routed to port B3 and blocked by the boom anti-
drift valve. (Refer to T3-3-25.)
2. Port B3 is connected to the needle valve through
the inner passages. When the needle valve is
loosen, the pressure oil in port B3 flows to port
DR2 through the needle valve.
3. Consequently, the boom cylinder is retracted and
the boom is lowered because of its own weight. Boom
Anti-Drift
Valve
(Check Valve)
Port B3 T1HH-03-03-044
Boom
Cylinder
Boom Anti-Drift
Valve
(Switch Valve)
Boom Anti-Drift
Valve
(Check Valve)
Needle Valve
T173-03-03-046
T3-3-32
COMPONENT OPERATION / Pilot Valve
OUTLINE
The pilot valve controls pilot pressure oil to move the

control valve spools. There are two types of pilot
valves. One is for front attachment / swing operation;
the other is for travel operation. Both have four oil ports
as standard. An optional two-port type is available. The
construction of the reducing valves in both the front
attachment / swing and travel pilot valves are identical
except for the pusher cams.
• Front Attachment / Swing Pilot Valve • Travel Pilot Valve

Port 1 Right Travel Reverse
ISO Control Pattern Hitachi Pattern
No. 2 Right Travel Forward
1 Bucket Roll-Out ← 3 Left Travel Forward
Right 2 Boom Lower ← 4 Left Travel Reverse
Valve 3 Bucket Roll-In ←
4 Boom Raise ←
1 Right Swing Arm Roll-In
Left 2 Arm Roll-Out Right Swing
Valve 3 Left Swing Arm Roll-Out
4 Arm Roll-In Left Swing
Hydraulic P T
Diagram Hydraulic P T
Symbol Diagram
Symbol
1 3 2 4
1 3 2 4
T105-02-07-020
T105-02-07-020
1 3 4
P 2 1
T178-03-04-001
T178-03-04-002
3
T3-4-1
OPERATION
Spool (6) head comes in contact with the upper face of

spring guide (3) which is kept raised by return spring
(5).
Neutral (Output Diagram: A to B):

1. When neutral, spool (6) totally blocks pressure oil E F
port P (from the pilot pump).The output port is
opened to port T (hydraulic oil tank) through the D
passage in spool (6). Therefore, oil pressure in Pilot
the output port (to the control valve) is equal to Pressure
that in port T.
2. When the control lever is slightly tilted, cam (1) is C
tilted, moving pusher (2) downward. Then, pusher
(2) compress return spring (5) along with spring
guide (3). At this time, as oil pressure in the output A B
Lever Stroke
port is equal to that in port T, spool (6) moves T522-02-05-001
downward while keeping the under face of the
spool head in contact with spring guide (3).
3. This status continues until hole (7) on spool (6) is
opened to port P.
T3-4-2
Front Attachment / Swing Pilot Valve
1 1
2 2
6
3 3 Port T
4 4
7
5 5 Port P
6 Output Port
6
Port T Port T
7 Port P 7 Port P
Output Port T178-03-04-005

Travel Pilot Valve

1 1
2 2 Port T
7
Port P
3 3 6
4 4
5 Output Port
5
6
Port T Port T
6
Port P Port P
7 7

1 - Cam 3 - Spring Guide 5 - Return Spring 7 - Hole

2 - Pusher 4 - Balance Spring 6 - Spool
T3-4-3
During Metering or Decompressing (Output
Diagram: C to D)
1. When the control lever is further tilted to move
pusher (2) downward more, hole (7) on spool (6) E F
is opened to port P, allowing pressure oil in port P
to flow into the output port. D
2. Oil pressure in the output port acts on the bottom Pilot
face of spool (6) so that spool (6) is pushed Pressure
upward.
3. However, until upward force acting on the bottom C
face of spool (6) overcomes balance spring (4)
force, balance spring (4) is not compressed. Then,
spool (6) is not raised, allowing oil pressure in the A B
Lever Stroke
output port to increase. T522-02-05-001
4. As oil pressure in the output port increases, force
to push spool (6) upward increases. When, this
force overcomes balance spring (4) force,
balance spring (4) is compressed so that spool (6)
is moved upward.
5. As spool (6) is moved upward, hole (7) is closed
so that pressure oil from port P stops flowing into
the output port, stopping pressure oil in the output
port to increase.
6. As spool (6) is moved downward, balance spring
(4) is compressed, increasing the spring force.
Therefore, oil pressure in the output port becomes
equal to the oil pressure acting on the bottom face
of spool (6) being balanced in position with the
spring force.
T3-4-4
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
Port T Port T
7 Port P 7 Port P
Output Port T178-03-04-008 Output Port T178-03-04-009
Travel Pilot Valve

1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
Port T Port T
Port P Port P
7 7
Output Port T178-03-04-012 Output Port T178-03-04-013

T3-4-5
Full Stroke (Output Diagram: E to F)
1. When the control lever is fully stroked, pusher (2)
is moved downward until pusher (2) in the front E F
attachment / swing pilot valve comes in contact
with the casing shoulder, or cam (1) on the travel D
pilot valve comes in contact with the casing. Pilot
2. At this moment, the bottom of pusher (2) directly Pressure
pushes spool (6). Therefore, even if oil pressure
in the output port increases further, hole (7) on C
spool (6) is kept open.
3. Consequently, oil pressure in the output port is
equal to oil pressure in port P. A B
Lever Stroke
T522-02-05-001
NOTE: Total lever strokes for the front attachment

and swing controls are determined by
stroke dimension (E) of pusher (2). Total
lever stroke for the travel control is
determined by stroke dimension (E) of cam
(1).
T3-4-6
2 2
4
5
6
Port T
7 Port P
T178-03-04-010
Travel Pilot Valve

1
1
E
2
4
5
6
Port T
Port P
7
T178-03-04-006

T3-4-7
(Blank)
T3-4-8
COMPONENT OPERATION / Travel Device
OUTLINE
The travel device consists of the travel motor, travel The travel reduction gear is a third stage planetary
reduction gear, and travel brake valve. gear type which converts rotary power transferred from
The travel motor for ZAXIS330, ZAXIS350H is a bent the travel motor into a slow and large torque to drive
axis-type variable displacement axial plunger motor. the sprocket and track.
The travel motor for EX370MTH is a swash plate-type The travel brake valve prevents the occurrence of
variable displacement axial plunger motor. overloads and cavitation in the travel circuit.
The travel motor is equipped with a parking brake (wet
multi-disc negative type), is driven by pressure oil from
the hydraulic pump, and outputs rotary power to the
travel reduction gear.
ZAXIS330, ZAXIS350H: ZAXIS370MTH:
Travel Motor Travel Reduction Gear Travel Motor Travel Reduction Gear
T173-03-05-001 T16J-03-05-001
Travel Brake Valve Sprocket Travel Brake Valve
Sprocket
T3-5-1
TRAVEL REDUCTION GEAR
The travel reduction gear is a three stage reduction Travel motor housing (14) is bolted to the track frame
planetary gear type. and is secured to third stage carrier (2) by hub (11).
The travel motor rotates propeller shaft (7). This rota- Ring gear (1) is bolted to drum (13). Drum (13) is
tion is transmitted to third stage carrier (2) and ring bolted to sprocket (12). Accordingly, when ring gear (1)
gear (1) via first stage planetary gear (8), first stage is rotated, drum (13) and sprocket (12) are also ro-
carrier (6), first stage sun gear (5), second stage tated.
planetary gear (9), second stage carrier (4), second
stage sun gear (3), and third stage planetary gear (10).
ZAXIS330, ZAXIS350H:
1 2 3 4 5 6 ZAXIS370MTH:
1 2 3 4 5 6
14 13 11 10 9 8 7
14 13 11 10 9 8 7
T173-03-05-001
12 T16J-03-05-001
12
1 - Ring Gear 5 - First Stage Sun Gear 9 - Second Stage Planetary 12 - Sprocket
Gear
2 - Third Stage Carrier 6 - First Stage Carrier 10 - Third Stage Planetary Gear 13 - Drum
3 - Second Stage Sun Gear 7 - Propel Shaft 11 - Hub 14 - Housing
4 - Second Stage Carrier 8 - First Stage Planetary Gear (Travel Motor)
T3-5-2
TRAVEL MOTOR
The travel motor, a bent axis-type variable displace- As the plunger leans against the drive disc, vertical
ment axial plunger motor, consists of the plate, valve component force (FV) occurs and causes the drive
plate, rotor, plungers, and drive disc. When the pres- disc to rotate.
sure oil is supplied from the pump, the plungers in the Whether pressure oil from the pump is supplied to port
rotor are pushed and the force to the direction (F) oc- AM or BM determines travel direction.
curs.
Plate Valve Plate Rotor Plunger Drive Disc
T173-03-05-002
Valve Plate Rotor Plunger Drive Disc
Port AM
Port BM
FR
FV F
T107-03-04-014
T3-5-3
ZAXIS370MTH:
The travel motor is a variable displacement swash Four of tilt piston (9) are located in casing (8). The
plate axial plunger type, consisting of swash plate (7), pressure to change travel speed acts on these tilt
rotor (16), plungers (4) with shoes, valve plate (1), out- pistons (9) to change swash plate (7) angle.
put shaft (11), tilt pistons (9), casing (8), and so forth. Rotor (16) is preloaded against valve plate (1) by
spring (14) to prevent oil from leaking at the clear-
ance between them.
Hydraulically released type disc parking brake (3) is
installed in the travel motor.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11
17
16
T16J-03-05-003
15 14 13 12
1- Valve Plate 6- Retainer Plate 10 - Spring 14 - Spring

2- Spring 7- Swash Plate 11 - Output Shaft 15 - Brake Piston
3- Parking Brake 8- Casing 12 - Roller Bearing 16 - Rotor
4- Plunger 9- Tilt Piston 13 - Ball 17 - Valve Cover
5- Holder
T3-5-4
Pressure oil from the pump flows to port A of valve As output shaft (6) rotates, rotor (2) also rotates. Then,
plate (1), and enters into one-sided bores in rotor (2) when plungers (3) reach port B, oil is routed to the hy-
located just behind the right-side crescent-shaped oil draulic oil tank.
port (port A side) of valve plate (1). Whether pressure oil from the pump is supplied to port
Then, plungers in the right half side of rotor (2) are A or port B determines the travel direction.
pushed out toward swash plate (5), and slide on the
swash plate to rotate rotor (2) and output shaft (6).
Port B Port A
Port B
Port A
1
2
4
6 5
Valve Plate
T183-03-05-009
1 - Valve Plate 3 - Plunger 5 - Swash Plate 6 - Output Shaft

2 - Rotor 4 - Shoe
T3-5-5
TRAVEL BRAKE VALVE
The travel brake valve is located on the travel motor
head and consists of the following valves.
Check Valve (1): Overload Relief Valve (4):

assists counterbalance valve (5) operations and pre- prevents overload and surge pressure from occurring
vents cavitation from occurring. in the motor circuit.
Reducing Valve (2): Counterbalance Valve (5):

reduces the parking brake release pressure and pre- ensures smooth starting and stopping, and prevents
vents the parking brake from being quickly applied. the machine from running away while descending
slopes.
Parking Brake Release Shuttle Valve (3):
leads the motor drive pressure to the parking brake. Servo Piston Control Shuttle Valve (6):
leads the motor drive pressure to the servo piston.
A
4 4
2
1
Cross Section A-A

A 6
5
3
Cross Section B-B
Cross Section C-C

T173-03-05-003
1 - Check Valve 3 - Parking Brake Release 5 - Counterbalance Valve 6 - Servo Piston Control Shut-
Shuttle Valve tle Valve
2 - Reducing Valve 4 - Overload Relief Valve
T3-5-6
When Traveling: When Descending:
Pressure oil from the control valve enters port BV, While descending a slope, the travel motor is forcibly
flows around spool CB in the counterbalance valve, rotated by the machine weight (pump operation).
opens check valve BC, and flows into port BM. On the When the travel motor starts sucking pressure oil, oil
other hand, the return oil from the travel motor is pressure in port BV and chamber G is reduced, mov-
routed to port AM. However, the circuit is blocked by ing spool CB to the right. Then, the return oil flow
check valve AC and spool CB. Oil pressure in port BV from the travel motor is restricted, increasing oil pres-
is routed into chamber G via orifice F of spool CB so sure in port AM. Therefore, the travel motor is braked.
that when oil pressure in port BV increases further, Once the oil flow is restricted, oil pressure in port BV
spool CB is moved to the left. increases again, moving spool CB to the left.
Then, the return oil from the travel motor flows to port This operation (hydraulic brake operation) is repeated
AV via port AM and notch H on spool CB. Thus, pres- so that machine runaway is prevented.
sure oil flows through the circuit , enabling the travel
motor to rotate. Circuit Protection:
When the travel control lever is returned to neutral, When circuit pressure increases more than the set
spool CB is returned to the original position by spring pressure of the overload relief valve, the valve opens,
force, blocking the oil circuit. Thereby, the travel mo- allowing high pressure oil to relieve to the lower pres-
tor stops rotating. sure side.
Thereby, the travel motor is protected from overloads.
The valve also functions to relieve shock pressure
developed when the travel motor stops.
If the travel motor draws oil due to pump operation,
check valve BC is unseated (makeup operation) so
that cavitation is prevented.
Overload Overload
Relief Valve Relief Valve
Check Valve AC Check Valve BC
Spool CB
AM BM
AV BV
T173-03-05-004
H F G
T3-5-7
(Blank)
T3-5-8
ZAXIS370MTH:
The travel brake valve is located on the travel motor
head and consists of the following valves:
Counterbalance Valve: Check Valve:

ensures smooth starts and stops and prevents ensures smooth starts and stops, and prevents
overrunning when traveling down slopes. cavitation from occurring in the motor circuit by
Overload Relief Valve: functioning together with counterbalance valve.
prevents overloads and surge pressure in the Travel Speed Shift Valve:
motor circuit. controls the tilt pistons when travel mode switch is
operated.
Cross Section A-A-A

Overload Relief Counterbalance
Valve Valve
Travel Speed
Shift Valve
Check Valve
A A A
Overload Relief Counterbalance
Valve Valve
T183-03-05-004
T3-5-9
Travel Operation
When supply oil from the main control valve is routed
to port P1, supply oil flows around spool CB, opens
check valve BC and is led to motor port BM. However,
return oil from motor port AM is blocked by spool CB
in the counterbalance valve.
As supply oil pressure at port P1 increases, supply oil
is routed to chamber G through orifice F in spool CB,
moving spool CB down against spring force. Conse-
quently, return oil from motor port AM starts to flow
into port P2 through port AM and notch H in spool CB,
allowing the travel motor to rotate.
When the travel levers are returned to the neutral po-

sition, the oil in both ports P1 and P2 are routed to the
hydraulic oil tank through the control valve. Thus, oil
pressure in chamber G decrease, and spool CB is
moved back to the original position by spring force.
Then, the oil flow circuits is blocked, causing the
travel motors to stop rotating.
Descending Operation
When the machine travels down a slope, the travel
motors are forcibly driven by the machine weight so
that the motor draws oil like a pump. When the motor
draws oil, oil pressure at port P1 and chamber G de-
crease, causing spool CB to move upwards to restrict
return circuit from the motor.
Then, the return oil flow from the motor is restricted
by the spool, increasing pressure at port AM.
The increased pressure at port AM brakes the motor.
Thus, the restricted return oil flow from the travel mo-
tor increases the pressure at port P1 again, moving
spool CB back down. This repeated movement of the
spool (hydraulic brake action) prevents the machine
from overrunning.
T3-5-10
(Travel Operation) Check Valve
BM BC G Spool CB
Spool CB
F
P1
P1
To BM
P2
P2
From AM
AM Counterbalance Valve
T183-03-05-005
(Descending Operation)
BM G Spool CB
G
Spool CB
P1
P1
To BM
P2
P2
From AM
AM
T183-03-05-006
T3-5-11
Circuit Protection
If pressure in the circuit increases over the setting
pressure of the overload relief valve, this valve opens Overload
Relief Valve
to relieve peak pressure to the lower pressure side to
protect the motor from overloading. This valve also
functions to release shock pressure caused by inertia
force developed when the motor stops.
Poppet
Low Pressure
High Pressure
T183-03-05-011
T3-5-12
(Blank)
T3-5-13
TRAVEL MOTOR SWASH ANGLE CON-
TROL
Servo piston (1) is connected to valve plate (6) with link
(5). When servo piston (1) is moved, rotor (7) is tilted
via valve plate (6) so that travel speed is controlled.
• Slow Speed (Maximum Displacement Angle)

When the travel mode switch is turned to the slow Pressure oil P from the motor port is routed into
position, the MC (main controller) does not send a chambers B and C. Due to the difference in area,
signal to solenoid valve unit (SI). Therefore, pilot servo piston (1) is pushed upward to increase the
pressure is not supplied to servo piston (1). Then, swash plate angle of rotor (7).
spool (3) is kept downward by spring (2). Consequently, the plunger stroke in the travel motor
Ȁ is increased, reducing the travel motor rotation
speed.
6 7
2 Drain
Pilot Pressure
T157-03-02-001
1 - Servo Piston 3 - Spool 5 - Link 7 - Rotor

2 - Spring 4 - Orifice 6 - Valve Plate
T3-5-14
• Fast Speed (Minimum Displacement Angle)

When the travel mode switch is turned to the fast Thus, section E is opened so that the oil in chamber
position, the MC sends signals to solenoid valve unit C is drained via the passages in spool (3). As pres-
(SI) in response to travel loads. Then, pilot pressure sure oil P from the motor port is routed, servo piston
is routed into chamber D, moving spool (3) upward. (1) is lowered, reducing the swash plate angle of ro-
tor (7).
Consequently, the plunger stroke in the travel motor
is reduced, increasing the travel motor rotation
speed.
6 1
7
2
Drain
P
3
B
1
E
Pilot Pressure
Drain
5 4
P
B
D
When fast mode is selected:
Pilot Pressure
After fast mode has been selected:
T157-03-02-002
1 - Servo Piston 3 - Spool 5 - Link 7 - Rotor

2 - Spring 4 - Orifice 6 - Valve Plate
T3-5-15
ZAXIS370MTH:
Travel speed is changed when tilt piston (5) moves and At this time, the pressure oil from the control valve is
the swash angle of swash plate (3) is changed. shut off by spool A (8) and the passage to tilt piston
(5) is connected to the hydraulic oil tank.
• Low speed (Swash angle: Large)
When the slow travel mode is selected, MC doesn’t Thus, the swash angle of swash plate (3) is main-
send the signals to solenoid valve unit (SI), so pilot tained at the larger side, the stroke of plunger (6) is
pressure (7) isn’t supplied. larger and the flow to rotate the travel motor is more,
Spring force of spring (2) keeps spool A (8) in travel so that the travel motor rotation is at slow speed.
speed shift valve (1) the neutral position. (Refer to SYSTEM/ Control System group on Con-
trol Circuit)
9 7 8 1 2
Travel Speed Shift Valve
5 6
To Hydraulic
Oil Tank
4 3
From
Control Valve
T1HH-03-05-001
1 - Travel Speed Shift Valve 4 - Ball 6 - Plunger 8 - Spool A

2 - Spring 5 - Tilt Piston 7 - Pilot Pressure (From 9 - Spool B
Solenoid Valve Unit (SI))
3 - Swash Plate
T3-5-16
• High Speed (Swash Angle: Small)
When the fast travel mode is selected, in response
to the travel load MC sends the signals to solenoid
valve unit (SI).
When pilot pressure (7) from solenoid valve unit (SI)
is supplied to travel speed shift valve (1), pilot pres-
sure (7) is routed to chamber (a) through the circum-
ference of spool B (9), and moves spool A (8) to the
right. Thereby, the pressure oil from the main control
valve is routed to tilt piston (5) through the circum-
ference of spool A (8).
Thus, the tilt piston pushes swash plate (3) making
the swash angle smaller. Consequently, the travel
motor rotates at fast speed.
(Refer to SYSTEM/ Control System group/ Valve
Controls on Control Circuit.)
9 a 7 8 1 2
Travel Speed Shift Valve
5 6
From Travel Speed

Control Vavle
4 3
From
Control Valve
T1HH-03-05-002
1 - Travel Speed Shift Valve 4 - Ball 6 - Plunger 8 - Spool A

2 - Spring 5 - Tilt Piston 7 - Pilot Pressure (From Sole- 9 - Spool B
noid Valve Unit (SI))
3 - Swash Plate
T3-5-17
(Blank)
T3-5-18
PARKING BRAKE K
ZAXIS330, ZAXIS350H: Reducing Valve

The parking brake is a wet type multi-disc brake. This
brake is a negative type which is released only when Spool CB
brake release pressure oil (K) is routed into the brake
piston chamber. Unless the travel function is operated, Drain
the parking brake is automatically applied.
The friction plates and the plates are splined to the
drive disc and the travel motor housing, respectively.
The disk spring pushes the piston, then the parking
brake is applied after the friction plates come in con-
tact with the plates.
• Releasing Brake:
G AM I Shuttle BM T137-03-02-009
When a travel lever is operated, pressure oil from Valve
the main pump is routed to port AM or BM in the
travel motor via the control valve.
When Brake is Released:
This pressure oil is also routed to chamber (G) at the K M
end of travel brake valve spool CB. At the same time,
this pressure oil is supplied via the shuttle valve as
brake release pressure oil (K). As long as oil pres-
sure in chamber (G) is low, parking brake release
pressure oil (K) is blocked by spool CB. When oil
pressure in chamber (G) increases, spool CB moves
to the right, allowing parking brake release pressure
oil (K) to flow into parking brake chamber (M) via
notch (I) on the travel brake valve spool CB and the
reducing valve at which pressure is reduced. T140-03-02-007
When Brake is Applied: Friction

• Applying Brake: Plate Plate
Ȁ When motor drive pressure decreases, parking
brake chamber (M) is opened to the drain circuit via
the orifice in the reducing valve. M
Accordingly, the piston is pushed to the right by the
disc spring so that the friction plates and plates
come in contact with each other, applying the park- Disc
Spring
ing brake.
Piston
T140-03-02-006
Housing Drive
Disc
T173-03-05-002
T3-5-19
ZAXIS370MTH:
The parking brake is a negative type which is released
only when the pilot pressure oil is routed into brake
piston chamber (M). Unless the travel function is oper-
ated, the parking brake is applied. The friction plates
and plates are splined to the rotor and the casing, re-
spectively.
The spring pushes the piston, then the parking brake is
applied after the friction plates come in contact with the
plates.
Spring Piston Plate

M
Friction Plate
Casing
Rotor
T16J-03-05-003
1 - Spring 3 - Plate 5 - Casing 6 - Rotor

2 - Piston 4 - Friction Plate
T3-5-20
• Releasing Brake:
When a travel lever is operated, pressure oil from Spring
the main pump is routed to the travel motor via the
control valve.
This pressure oil flows into parking brake chamber
(M) to release the parking brake. After separating
the friction plates from the plates.
M
Spring
Plate
Friction
Plate
Casing
Rotor
T111-03-04-008
• Applying Brake: Spring

When motor drive pressure decreases, the friction
plates and plates come in contact with each other,
applying the parking brake. The pressure oil in brake
chamber (M) flows back to the hydraulic oil tank.
Spring
Plate
Friction
Plate
Casing
Rotor
T111-03-04-007
T3-5-21
(Blank)
T3-5-22
COMPONENT OPERATION / Others (Upperstructure)
PILOT SHUT-OFF VALVE
The pilot shut-off valve is a manually operated switch

valve. The spool in the pilot shut-off valve is rotated by Section Z-Z
moving the pilot control shut-off lever to turn the pilot
oil flow to the pilot valves ON or OFF.
Valve Operation with Pilot Control Shut-Off Lever

in LOCK Position
The pilot shut-off valve is closed so that pressure oil
from the pilot pump does not flow to the pilot valve,
but it is routed to the shockless valve.
Pilot oil on the pilot valve side is routed to the
hydraulic oil tank. Even if the control levers (front From
To Shockless
attachment / travel) are operated, the pilot valves do Valve Pilot Pump T178-03-07-002
not operate.
Valve Operation with Pilot Control Shut-Off Lever

in UNLOCK position
The pilot shut-off valve is opened, and the return
passage is blocked so that pressure oil from the pilot
pump flows to the pilot valves and the solenoid valve
unit. Then, when a control lever (front attachment /
travel) is operated, the pilot valves operate.
A2 A1
Z
T1 T2 A3 A4 T4
T3 P
NOTE: The picture indicates that the

shut-off valve is turned OFF.
A5 T178-03-07-003
A1 - To Travel Pilot Valve A4 - To Solenoid Valve Unit T1 - From Travel Pilot Valve T4 - To Hydraulic Oil Tank
A2 - To Left Pilot Valve A5 - To Shockless Valve T2 - From Left Pilot Valve
A3 - To Rightt Pilot Valve P - From Pilot Pump T3 - From Right Pilot Valve
T3-6-1
SHOCKLESS VALVE
1 2 3 4 5
Beside the shockless valve, a check valve, pressure
sensor (arm roll-in), pressure sensor (boom raise), and
pressure sensor (swing) are provided in the shockless
valve block.
The shockless valve regulates the return oil from the
control valve spool to the pilot valve, preventing abrupt
and rapid movement of the respective control valve
spools.
The shockless valve regulates the secondary pilot 6
pressure oil for the arm roll-in operation.
T1HH-03-06-001
1 - Pressure Sensor 4 - Pressure Sensor

(Arm Roll-In) (Boom Raise)
2 - Shockless Valve 5 - Pressure Sensor
(Swing)
3 - Check Valve 6 - Check Valve
Check Valve
• When a control lever is moved, the pilot valve
delivers pilot oil pressure to the control valve. From Pilot To Control
When pilot oil pressure is low immediately after the Valve Valve
control lever is moved, pilot pressure oil is routed to
the control valve spool via the orifice and spool. After
pilot oil pressure increases, the check valve is
unseated.
T173-03-06-002
Orifice Spool
Check Valve
• Pilot return oil from the control valve spool flows From
back to the hydraulic oil tank via the spool and orifice. To Pilot
Control
Valve
When the return oil flow rate increases and oil Valve
pressure on the pilot valve side increases, the spool
is returned in response to the pressure increase on
the pilot valve side, regulating the return oil flow rate.
T173-03-06-003
Orifice Spool
T3-6-2
Warm-Up Circuit
When the pilot shut-off valve is closed (in the LOCK
position), the pilot pressure oil from the pilot pump
flows through the pilot shut-off valve, and is routed to
the shockless valve.
Then, the pilot pressure oil is restricted, and is heated
by the orifice provided at the inlet port of the
shockless valve. As the warmed up pilot oil is then
routed to the shockless valve and pilot valve, the
components in the pilot system are warmed.
Shockless Valve
To Pilot Valve To Control Valve
Orifice
From Pilot Pump
Pilot Shut-Off
T1HH-03-06-002
Valve
(Lock Position)
T3-6-3
SOLENOID VALVE UNIT
The solenoid valve unit controls the control valve,

travel motor swash angle control servo piston, and
pump regulator by delivering pilot signal pressure oil in
response to electrical signals from the MC.
The solenoid valve unit consists of 3 proportional
solenoid valves (SC, SI, and SG.). (Refer to the
Control System and Electrical System group in the
SYSTEM section.)
SC
SC : Controls the arm regenerative valve in the
control valve.
SI : Controls the travel speed shift valve. SI
SG : Increases the set relief pressure of the main SG
relief valve in the control valve.
T1HH-01-02-008
T3-6-4
Proportional Solenoid Valve
The proportional solenoid valve is controlled by a
current signal from the MC, and delivers the oil
pressure in proportion to the current signal value.
• When in neutral:
Spool (1) is pushed to the right by spring (2),
opening delivery port S to tank port T.
• When activated:
Solenoid (3) pushes spool (1) to the left with force in
proportion to the current signal which flows through
solenoid (3). Then, pilot pressure oil is routed from
port P to delivery port S so that pressure in delivery
port S increases.
• Pressure in delivery port S acts on the stepped
flanges in section (a). Due to the difference in area
of the flanges, spool (1) is pushed to the right. When
pressure force to push spool (1) to the right
increases more than solenoid (3) force to push spool
(1) to the left, spool (1) is returned to the right side,
closing the passage between delivery port S and
port P so that pressure in delivery port S stops
increasing.
S P 1 2 3
T
T107-02-07-005
1 - Spool 2 - Spring 3 - Solenoid
T3-6-5
TORQUE CONTROL SOLENOID VALVE,
PUMP 2 FLOW RATE CONTROL
SOLENOID VALVE
ST
The torque control solenoid valve and the pump 2 flow
SB
rate control solenoid valve are placed at the top of the
pilot filter.
ST: Controls the pump regulator.

(Speed Sensing Control)
SB: Controls the pump regulator.
(Pump 2 Flow Rate Control)
• The torque control solenoid valve supplies torque Pilot Filter

control pressure Pps to the regulators of pump 1 and
pump 2, reducing the pump delivery flow.
• The pump 2 flow rate control solenoid valve reduces
the pump control pressure to the regulator of pump 2,
controlling the maximum limit of the pump 2 delivery T1HH-03-06-003
flow.
Operation:
1. In the neutral position, port P is connected to the
output port via the notch on the spool.
2. When the current from MC (Main Controller) flows
to the solenoid, the solenoid pushes spring 1.
3. As spring 1 pushes the spool, the output port is
connected to port T via the notch on the spool,
reducing the pressure in the output port.
4. The left diameter (A) is larger than the right
diameter (B) of the spool notch, so the spool is
moved back to the left.
5. When the notches on the spool and the sleeve
come in contact with each other, the spool stops
moving and the pressure in the output port stops
decreasing.
T3-6-6
At Neutral Position:
Solenoid Spring 1 Spring 2 Sleeve Spool
T176-03-01-030
A Port P Port T B
Output Port
At Operating Position:
Solenoid Spring 1 Spring 2 Sleeve Spool
T176-03-01-031
A Port P Port T B
Output Port
T3-6-7
PILOT RELIEF VALVE
The pilot relief valve has a pilot filter incorporated.

Pilot relief valve functions to regulate the pilot pump Pilot
pressure oil routed to port P to a set constant pressure. Relief Valve
T1HH-03-06-003
EC MOTOR
The EC motor is used to control engine speed. Output Gear Output Shaft Worm Gear
A worm gear is incorporated into the EC motor to
prevent a loss of synchronism from occurring. The EC
sensor is provided to detect the degrees of the EC
motor rotation to calculate the governor lever position.
(Refer to the Control System group in the SYSTEM
section.)
Motor
Sensor EC Worm T157-02-05-018
Gear Sensor Wheel
T3-6-8
COMPONENT OPERATION / Others (Undercarriage)
SWING BEARING
This bearing is a single-row shear ball-type bearing, The internal gear of inner race (3) engages with the
comprising outer race (1), inner race (3), balls (6), output shaft of the swing reduction gear.
supports (5), and seals (2), (4). Outer race (1) is bolted
to the upperstructure and inner race (3) is bolted to the
undercarriage.
T135-03-02-001
1 - Outer Race 3 - Inner Race 5 - Support 6 - Ball

2 - Seal 4 - Seal
T3-7-1
CENTER JOINT
The center joint is a 360° rotating joint. When the Hydraulic oil flows to the right and left travel motors via
upperstructure is rotated, the center joint avoids spindle (1) and the oil ports of body (2). Seals (3)
twisting of hoses and allows hydraulic oil to flow prevent oil leaks between spindle (1) and body (2) into
smoothly to or from the travel motors. Spindle (1) is adjacent passages.
attached to the main frame, and body (2) is bolted to
the swing center of the undercarriage.
To Left Travel To Right Travel To Left Travel To Right Travel

Motor (Reverse) Motor (Forward) Motor (Forward) Motor (Forward)
To Left Travel To Left Travel To Right Travel

To Right Travel Motor (Reverse)
Motor (Forward) Motor (Reverse)
Motor (Reverse)
1
Pilot Pressure Pilot Pressure
for Travel Speed Selection Drain for Travel Speed
Selection
Drain
Drain 3
Drain
: Forward
: Reverse
: Pilot Pressure
for Travel Speed Selection
T157-03-02-004
1 - Spindle 2 - Body 3 - Seal
T3-7-2
TRACK ADJUSTER
The track adjuster located on the side frame is

composed of spring (5) and adjuster cylinder (6).
Spring (5) absorbs loads applied to the front idler.
Adjuster cylinder (6) adjusts track sag.
• Grease is applied through grease fitting into

chamber A of adjuster cylinder (6) as illustrated
below. The pressure of the grease pushes piston
rod (8) out and decreases track sag.
1
• To increases track sag, loosen valve (1) 1 to 1.5 Grease Fitting
turns counterclockwise to release grease from the
track adjuster cylinder through the grease
discharge hole.
CAUTION: Do not loosen valve (1) quickly or

loosen too much since high-pressure grease
in the adjusting cylinder may spout out.
Loosen carefully, keeping body parts and
face away from valve (1).
Grease Discharge Hole
Never loosen grease fitting.
M104-07-119
1 2 3 4 a 5 6 7 8
T135-03-05-001
1 - Valve 3 - Washer 5 - Spring 7 - Flange

2 - Nut 4 - Spacer 6 - Adjuster Cylinder 8 - Piston Rod
T3-7-3
(Blank)
T3-7-4

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SECTION 3

1 - Main Pump 1 3 - Main Pump 2 5 - Pump 2 Delivery 7 - N Sensor

The main pump supplies pressure oil to the hydraulic

1 - Regulator 3 - Shaft 5 - Valve Plate 6 - Cylinder Block

Maximum Displacement Angle:

Cylinder Block Servo

Minimum Displacement Angle

The regulator controls the main pump flow rate in re- Dr

NOTE: Pilot oil pressure is constantly supplied in Pg

Pd1 -Pump 1 Delivery Pres- Pi - Pump Control Pressure

1 - Spring 4 - Piston 7 - Sleeve B 10 - Servo Piston

The regulator has the three following functions:

• Control by Pump Control Pressure

• Control by Pump Delivery Pressure

• Control by Pilot Pressure from Solenoid Valve Unit

NOTE: This indicates the regulator when the en-

Pd1 -Pump 1 Delivery Pres- Pi - Pump Control Pressure

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control

Pd1 -Pump 1 Delivery Pres- Pi - Pump Control Pressure

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control

• Decreasing Flow Rate

5- Load Piston 9 - Outer Spring

Pd1 - Pump 1 Delivery Pi - Pump Control Pressure

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control

5- Load Piston 9 - Outer Spring

Pd1 -Pump 1 Delivery Pres- Pi - Pump Control Pressure

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control

• Decreasing Flow Rate

5- Load Piston 9 - Outer Spring

Pd1 -Pump 1 Delivery Pres- Pi - Pump Control Pressure

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control

Pd1 - Pump 1 Delivery Pres- Pi - Pump Control Pressure

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control Pres-

To Hydraulic Oil tank Primary Pilot Pressure Pump Control Pres-

1 - Drive Gear 2 - Driven Gear

N SENSOR (ENGINE SPEED SENSOR)

The N sensor detects the engine speed, which is used

PUMP DELIVERY PRESSURE SENSOR

This sensor detects the pump delivery pressures,

Swing Reduction Gear

The swing parking brake is a wet-type multi-disc brake.

1 - Spring 4 - Friction Plate

The valve unit consists of the make-up valves and the

The swing reduction gear is a two-stage planetary gear

Boom 1 4-Spool Side

Bucket 5-Spool Side

Main Relief Valve Arm 1

Travel Motor (Right)

Section A Section B Section C

Travel (Left) Travel (Right)

Travel Motor (Right)

Arm 1 Arm 2 Swing

Pump Control Valve

To the 5-Spool Section. Pump Control Valve

5-Spool Side Parallel

From Pilot Main Relief Valve

11 12 Bucket Flow Rate

Travel Flow Rate