Fluidmechanics

CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1
Impact of Jet
Unit 1 : Impact of Jet
CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1 CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1

Impact of Jet Impact of Jet
1-1
Impulse Momentum Principle Impulse Momentum Principle

The impulse exerted on any body is equal to the resulting change
in the momentum of the body.
dA2
dA1
. - .

Impulse Momentum Principle

1. Force Exerted by Jet striking a flat plate v
. - . a. Stationary Plate Normal to Jet
Force exerted by jet on the v

∑ Newton’s Second Law of Motion plate, normal to it =
Momentum of jet before striking per second –
= Momentum of jet after striking per second in the
-
direction of the jet
v
If V1 and V2 are the average velocities at sections 1 & 2 Mass of water hitting the plate per second = ρ A V
Where, A = Area of the jet and ρ = mass density of the fluid
1-2
1. Force Exerted by Jet striking a flat plate v 1. Force Exerted by Jet striking a flat plate
a. Stationary Plate Normal to Jet b. Plate Normal to Jet, Plate moving with a velocity “u” in the
Momentum of jet before striking = ρ A V2 direction of jet
v The effective velocity with which the

Component of velocity of jet in the direction of v jet strikes the plate = (v-u)
force after striking = 0
Force exerted by jet on the plate, normal to it = ρ A V2 - 0 Force exerted by jet on the plate, normal
v u to it = ρ A (v-u)[(v-u)-0]
v
F = ρ A V2
F = ρ A (v-u)2
v

1. Force Exerted by Jet striking a flat plate v 1. Force Exerted by Jet striking a flat plate
c. Stationary Plate inclined at an angle to Jet d. Plate inclined at an angle to Jet, Plate moving with a velocity “u”
in the direction of jet
We will try to find the force F in a
direction normal to the plate F
θv
Mass of Fluid striking the plate per v
second = ρAV
F F = ρ A (v-u)2 Cos θ
Component of velocity in the direction of F, before θ v u
striking per second = V Cosθ
v
Component of velocity in the direction of F, after
striking per second = 0
Force exerted by jet normal to the plate = ρAV2 Cosθ v
1-3
2. Force Exerted by Jet on a Curved plate Exercise 1.1 :
a. Jet striking at the centre of a stationary curved plate
A flat plate is struck normally by a jet of water 50 mm in diameter
v with a velocity of 18 m/s. Calculate.

Mass of Fluid striking the plate per
second = ρ A V (a) The force on the plate when it is stationary
(b) The force on the plate when it moves in the same
Component of velocity in the direction of F,
F direction of jet with a velocity of 6.0 m/s
v θ before striking per second = V
θ (c) The work done per second and the efficiency in case - b
Component of velocity in the direction of F,
after striking per second = -V Cosθ
v
Force exerted by jet normal to the
plate = ρAV2 (1 + Cosθ)

Exercise 1.3 :
A jet of water of diameter 50 mm strikes a stationary, symmetrical

Exercise 1.2 :
curved plate with a velocity of 40 m/s at its centre. Find the force
A jet of water 50 mm in diameter with a velocity of 18 m/s strikes a extended by the jet at the centre of plate along its axis if the jet is
flat plate inclined at an angle of 250 to the axis of the jet. Determine deflected through 1200 at the outlet of the curved plate
the normal force exerted on the plate
(a) When the plate is stationary
(b) When the plate moves in the same direction of jet with
a velocity of 4.5 m/s
(c) The work done per second and the efficiency in case - b
1-4
2. Force Exerted by Jet on a Curved plate 2. Force Exerted by Jet on a Curved plate
b. Jet striking at the centre of a moving curved plate b. Jet striking at the centre of a moving curved plate
1
1 Efficiency , η= 2 1 /
η
For , 0
Work done by jet /sec = .
2
1 1 3 4 0
1 3 4 0
K. E of jet /sec = .
2
3 0
Efficiency , η= 2 1 /
⁄3
When, , Work Done = 0

b. Jet striking at the centre of a moving curved plate c. Jet striking at the centre of curved plates mounted on wheel
1 Fluid momentum per second before
Efficiency , η= 2 1 / impact in the direction of jet
For , ⁄3
8 Fluid momentum per second after
1 impact in the direction of jet
27
16 cos
When 0,
Force exerted by jet
27
Hemispherical vane 1 cos
1-5
c. Jet striking at the centre of curved plates mounted on wheel c. Jet striking at the centre of curved plates mounted on wheel
1 cos 1 cos
Work done per second on the 2 1

vane = . η
1 cos For maximum efficiency
K. E per second on the vane = η
1 0
2 1
η 1
2 1 2
Efficiency , η = 0, η = 100 %

Exercise 1.4 :
2. Force Exerted by Jet on a Curved plate
A 5 cm jet of water having a velocity 15 m/s strikes at the centre of a b. Jet striking a stationary curved vane tangentially at one tip
hemispherical vane. Fluid momentum per second before
(a) Determine the force exerted on the vane, if it moves with a linear impact along x axis
velocity of 5 m/s. .
(b) If a series of such vanes are mounted on the periphery of a Fluid momentum per second after
wheel, and the jet strikes each vane in succession, what would be impact along x axis
the force exerted by the jet ?
. cos
Force exerted by jet along x axis
Fx
1-6
b. Jet striking a stationary curved vane tangentially at one tip b. Jet striking a stationary curved vane tangentially at one tip
Fluid momentum per second before
For Symmetrical vanes
impact along y axis
. Fx 2
Fluid momentum per second after
impact along y axis 0
Fy
. sin
Force exerted by jet along y axis
Fy

Exercise 1.5 :
A jet of water strikes a stationery curved plate tangentially at one b. Jet striking a moving curved vane tangentially at one tip
end at an angle of 300 . The jet of 75 mm diameter has a velocity of u2 vw2
30 m/s. The jet leaves at the other end at angle of 200 to the vf2
horizontal. Determine the magnitude of force exerted along ‘x’ and ‘y’
directions. ∶ Angle of vane
at inlet
Relative velocity
Video
Angle of vane
∶
at outlet
Vw1,Vw2 : Velocity of
whirl at inlet and outlet
vf1
Vf1,Vf2 : Velocity of
u1
flow at inlet and outlet vw1
1-7
b. Jet striking a moving curved vane tangentially at one tip b. Jet striking a moving curved vane tangentially at one tip
Case I :  < 900 Case II :  = 900
Fx= AVr1 (Vr1 cos  + Vr2 cos ) Fx= AVr1 (Vr1 cos  + Vr2 cos )
= AVr1 (VW1 + VW2) = AVr1 .VW1

Exercise 1.6 :
b. Jet striking a moving curved vane tangentially at one tip A jet of water moving at 12 m/s impinges on a concave shaped vane
to deflect the jet through 1200 when stationary. If the vane is moving
Case III :  ˃ 900
at 5 m/s, find the angle of jet so that there is no shock at inlet. Also
Fx= AVr1 (Vr1 cos  + Vr2 cos ) compute the absolute velocity of jet at exit, both in magnitude and
direction, and the work done per second per unit weight of water.
= AVr1 (VW1 - Vw2) Assume that the vane is symmetrical and smooth.
1-8
Exercise 1.7 : Exercise 1.8 :
A jet of water moving at 40m/s strikes without shock a series of A stationary vane having an inlet angle of zero degree and an outlet
vanes moving at 10 m/s. The jet is inclined at an angle of 200 to the angle of 250 receives water at a velocity of 50 m/s. Determine the
direction of motion of vanes. The relative velocity of jet at outlet is components of force acting on it in the direction of jet and normal to
0.9 times the value at inlet and the absolute velocity of water at exit it. Also find the resultant force in magnitude and direction.
is to be normal to the motion of vanes. Determine.
i. Vane angle at entrance and exit. If the vane stated above is moving with a velocity of 20 m/s, in the
ii. Work done on vanes per second per N of water supplied by the direction of jet, calculate the force components in the direction of the
jet. vane velocity and across it, also the resultant force in direction and
iii. The hydraulic efficiency magnitude. Calculte the work done and horse power developed per
N. of the flow.
1-9

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CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1

Unit 1 : Impact of Jet

CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1 CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1

Impulse Momentum Principle Impulse Momentum Principle

CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1 CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1

Impulse Momentum Principle

Force exerted by jet on the v

Where, A = Area of the jet and ρ = mass density of the fluid

v The effective velocity with which the

CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1 CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1

Force exerted by jet normal to the plate = ρAV2 Cosθ v

v with a velocity of 18 m/s. Calculate.

CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1 CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1

A jet of water of diameter 50 mm strikes a stationary, symmetrical

CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1 CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1

Hemispherical vane 1 cos

Work done per second on the 2 1

CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1 CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1

CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1 CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1

Case I :  < 900 Case II :  = 900

= AVr1 (VW1 + VW2) = AVr1 .VW1

CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1 CE 206 : FLUID MECHANICS II Unit 1

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