MAPÚA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AT LAGUNA

Academic Year 2018 - 2019

ETY BUILDING CAFETERIA

CETRALIZED AIR-CONDITIONING DESIGN

DESIGN PROJECT
ME115-1P |A38

Submitted by:
Joanna Hazel Navarro ALVAREZ
Jay Albert Atienza CAJAYON
Vince Angelo Fopalan COSINO
Aedrian Earl Lerios TAPIA

Submitted to:

Engr. Manuel Rustria

 Acknowledgement

We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to the following people who made the

completion of the design project:

To Engineer Manuel Rustria, our professor in Airconditioning and Ventilation course, for

giving us a chance in experiencing how to design a duct system and for encouraging the class to

finish the design problem.

To Engineer Francis Drake Javier for guiding the group in computation by using his

expertise in airconditioning and ventilation design.

To the Parent of the group for serving as an inspiration.

To God be all the glory.

1
 Letter of Transmittal
Alvarez, J.H., Cajayon, J.A., Cosino, V.A., Tapia, A.E.
BSME Students
Malayan Colleges Laguna

October 11, 2018

Engr. Manuel Rustria, MSME

Course Adviser
Malayan Colleges Laguna

Sub: Letter of Transmittal

Dear Engr. Manuel Rustria
It is indeed a great pleasure for us to be able to hand over the result of our hardship on the
Design Problem in Airconditioning and Ventilation Course. This design problem is the result of
the knowledge which has been acquired from the respective course.
We tried our best for preparing this design project. The information of this design project is
mainly based on the Refrigeration and Airconditioning by Stoecker,W & Jones, J. Some other
details were gathered from the internet.
We hope that you will find this paper worth reading. Hope you will appreciate our hard work and
excuse the minor errors. Thank you for your cooperation.

Sincerely,
Alvarez, Joanna Hazel
Cajayon, Jay Albert
Cosino,Vince Angelo
Tapia, Aedrian Earl

2
 Table of Contents
Statement of the Problem 1
History of Malayan Colleges Laguna 2
Tables: Compilation of Results
Table 1: Temperature of Cafeteria 3
Table 2: Designed Temperature 3
Table 3: Wall, Windows, Door Dimension 4
Table 4: Thermal Transmission Loads 5
Table 5: Heat Load due to Equipment and Devices 5
Table 6: Solar Gain, Infiltration and Internal Loads 5
Table 7: Flow Rates and Total Heat Load 6
Table 8: Duct Dimension 6
Calculations 7
Air Handling Unit 12
Proposed Design 13
Hood Design 14
Costing 14
Duct Installation 16
Duct Support 16
Duct Insulation 17
Duct Material 18
Summary of Equipment 19

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BUILDING AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN PROBLEM STATEMENT
Design a cooling system for an office building, cafeteria, or auditorium in the Malayan
Colleges Laguna (MCL) campus. Develop the conceptual design or the plan view of the existing
building and identify the use of each room or space.

REQUIREMENTS:
1. Select design values for outdoor summer dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature, and
the daily average temperature.
2. Select an indoor design temperature which is appropriate for the activities to be carried out
in the space.
3. Determine whether any special conditions exist, such as adjacent unconditioned spaces.
Estimate temperatures in the adjacent spaces.
4. On the basis of building plans and specifications, compute heat-transfer coefficients for the
building components in each enclosing surface. Any surface connecting with spaces to be
maintained at the same temperature may be omitted.
5. From the building plans and specifications, system operating schedule, and design values of
wind velocity and temperature difference estimate the rate of infiltration and/or
ventilation of outside air. For the cooling load the latent load is also included.
6. Determine the additional building characteristics, e.g., location, orientation, external
shading, and mass that will influence solar-heat gain.
7. On the basis of building components and design conditions determine the appropriate
cooling load temperature differences, solar-heat gain factors, and cooling-load factors.
8. On the basis of the heat-transfer coefficients, areas, and temperature differences determined
above, calculate the rate of heat gain to the space.
9. For spaces with heat gain from internal sources (lights, equipment, or people), apply the
cooling-load factor when appropriate.
10. Sum all the pertinent load components to determine the maximum capacity required for
heating and cooling. If the building is to be operated intermittently, additional capacity
may be required.

4
History:

Mapúa Institute of Technology was transferred in the year 1999 to the Yuchengco Group
of Companies (YGC) under the stewardship of the Ambassador Alfonso T. Yuchengco. Through
the years, new programs were offered such as Computer Science, Information Technology,
Accountancy, and Hotel and Restaurant Management in addition to the Engineering and
Architecture programs.

Groundwork started in late 2005, and on 23 January 2006, Malayan Colleges Laguna
acquired its corporate personality following its registration with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. In January 2007, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) gave the approval
for MCL to offer eight (8) programs of study in Engineering, Information Technology, and
Business.

MCL started with three colleges: the Mapúa Institute of Technology at Laguna (MITL),
the Enrique T. Yuchengco College of Business (ETYCB), and the College of Information
Technology (CIT). In 2008, the Mapúa-PTC College of Maritime Education and Training
(CMET) was established in cooperation with the Philippine Transmarine Carrier, Inc. (PTC), one
of the country’s leading companies in crewing management

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 MCL’s Cafeteria which is located at ETY Building

Table 1: Temperature of Cafeteria

(Outdoor) Temperature (oC)

Dry-bulb Temperature (Tout-db) 32
Wet-bulb Temperature (Tout-wb) 25
Daily Average Temperature 33

(Indoor)
Dry-bulb Temperature (Tin-db) 21
Wet-bulb Temperature (Tin-wb) 25

Table 2: Designed Temperature

Location Temperature (oC)

Dining Area 25
Kitchen 28

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 Cafeteria’s Orientation

Table 3: Wall, Window & Door Dimensions

Length Height Thickness

Wall (Dining)
North 19.27 4.50 0.24
East 23.35 4.50 0.24
West 18.85 4.50 0.24
South 18.00 4.50 0.24
Wall (Kitchen)
North 8.01 4.50 0.24
East 20.00 4.50 0.24
West 20.00 4.50 0.24
South 8.01 4.50 0.24
Window 6.79 1.47 0.10
Door 0.84 2.34

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 Table 4: Thermal Transmission Loads

Thermal Resistance Area Thermal Transmission

(m2·K/W) (m2) Loads
(W)
Wall (Dining)
North 3.86 68.88 160.61
East 3.86 91.16 212.55
West 3.86 66.99 156.19
South 3.86 63.16 147.26
Wall (Kitchen)
North 3.86 33.54 78.20
East 3.86 90 200.70
West 3.86 90 205.27
South 3.86 36.05 79.48
Window 10 531
Door 1.96 61.70
TOTAL(DINING) 2009.71
TOTAL(KITCHEN) 757.85

Table 5: Heat Load due to Equipment and Devices

LOAD PER TOTAL LOAD

APPLIANCES QTY UNIT CLF FU · F R
QTY (W) (SENSIBLE)
STEAMERS 2 PC/S 3714 1 0.0046 34.1688
STOVES 4 SET 1253 1 0.123 616.476
REFRIGERATOR 5 SET 308 1 0.0625 96.25
CHILLER 4 SET 300 1 0.1845 221.4
LIGHT HEATER 7 SET 375 1 0.0552 144.9
FRIER 5 PC/S 2492 1 0.0216 269.136
MICROWAVE 2 PC/S 623 1 0.0352 43.8592
DISPENSER 1 SET 1415 1 0.3015 426.6225
PIZZA OVEN 1 SET 13261 1 0.1037 1375.1657

Table 6: Solar Gain, Infiltration and Internal Loads.

Solar Gain Infiltration

Internal Loads (W)
(W) Loads (W)
Window Door Wall Qis Qil Lighting Occupancy Appliances
1150.00 202.73 458.52 2337 3990 744.98 11220 16685.1082

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 Table 7: Flow Rates and Total Heat load

Room Qsensible Qlatent Qtotal Qtotal msensible mlatent mtotal Vsensible Vlatent Vtotal
(W) (W) (W) (TR) (kg/s) (kg/s) (kg/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s)

Cafeteria 28063.76 9990 38053.76 10.78 1.64 0.57 2.21 1.36 .476 1.84

Table 8: Duct Dimension

Room 𝐷𝑒,𝑓 (m) Height (m) Width(m)

Cafeteria .520 .300 .800

RUN Length Airflow Velocity Rectangular Friction Round Duct Fitting Total
3
(m) (𝑚 /𝑠 (m/s) diameter(m) Loss(Pa/m) Diameter pressure Pressure pressure
(m) loss loss loss
(Pa) (Pa) (Pa)
AB 1.25 1.8425 8.8 .300X.800 1.5 .48 1.875 0.197 2.072
BC 4 1.1055 7.5 .224X.672 1.5 .41 6 .295 6.295
BD 2 0.2211 5.1 .126X.378 1.5 .23 3 48.38 51.38
BE 2 0.2211 5.1 .126X.378 1.5 .23 3 48.38 51.38
CF 2 0.2211 5.1 .126X.378 1.5 .23 3 35.89 38.89
CG 2 0.2211 5.1 .126X.378 1.5 .23 3 35.89 38.89
CH 6 0.2211 5.1 .126X.378 1.5 .23 9 35.89 44.89

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Calculations

I. Thermal Transmissions

Thermal Resistance, Acquired from Table of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by Stoecker
and Jones

Thermal Resistance
Pure concrete, sand and gravel aggregate 0.18
Mineral Fiber Insulation 3.35
Outside air 0.029
Inside air 0.120

Rtot= 2[0.18] + 3.35 + 0.029 + 0.120 = 3.859 m2 K / W

a. Wall
a. Dining Area

North Sector

(68.88 m2 )(9)
Qwall,north = = 160.61 W
3.859

East Sector,

(91.16 𝑚2 )(9)
Qwall,east = = 212.55 W
3.859

South Sector,
(63.16 m2 )(9)
Qwall,south = = 147.26 W
3.859

West Sector,
(66.99 m2 )(9)
Qwall,west = = 156.19 W
3.859

b. Kitchen

North Sector
(33.54 m2 )(9)
Qwall,north = = 78.20 W
3.859

East Sector,

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 (84.12 𝑚2 )(9)
Qwall,east = = 200.70W
3.859

South Sector,
(36.05 m2 )(9)
Qwall,south = = 79.49 W
3.859

West Sector,
(90 m2 )(9)
Qwall,west = =205.27 W
3.859

b. Windows

Qwindow= UA𝛥𝑇 = (5.9 W/m2K)(10 m2)(9°C) = 531 W

c. Door

Qdoors = UA𝛥𝑇 = (3.5 W/m2K)(1.9587 m2)(9°C) = 61.70 W

II. Solar Gain

Qsg = (SHGFmax)(SC)(A)

Acquired from Table of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by Stoecker and Jones

Assuming N/shade at 32°, April; SHGF = 115 W/m2

Assuming SC = 1 for windows; SC = 0.90 for doors

Assuming Wall Type F; Solar time at 13, north; CLTD = 8

Qwindows= (115W/m2)(1)(10 m2) = 1150 W

Qdoors= (115W/m2)(0.90)(1.9587 m2) = 202.3 W

Qwall= UA(CLTD)

North

Qwall= (0.2591 W/m2K)(104.88)(8)=217.40W

East

Qwall= (0.2591 W/m2K)(116.33m2)(8)=241.12W

Qwall,tot=458.52W

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III. Infiltration Load

qis = 1.23Q(to - ti)

qis = 1.23(190L/s)(35°C - 25°C) = 2337 W

RHOA = 53.5%; RHCAF = 60%

Psat at 35°C = 5.628KPa; Psat at 25°C = 3.169 KPa

Solving for Wo,

PV = (0.535)(5.628KPa) = 3.011KPa

WO = 0.622(3.011)/101.3 - 3.011

WO = 0.019kgv/kgda

Solving for Wi,

PV = (0.60)(3.169 KPa) = 1.9014 KPa

Wi= 0.622(1.9014)/101.3 - 1.9014

Wi = 0.012 kgv/kgda

qil = 3000Q(Wo - Wi)

qil = 3000(190L/s)(0.019 - 0.012) = 3990 W

IV. Internal Load

Lightings

Kitchen = 48 Fluorescent Bulbs (8W) = 384 W

= 5 Incandescent Bulbs (9W) = 45 W

Cafeteria = 79 Fluorescent Bulbs (8W) = 632 W

Acquired from Table of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by Stoecker and Jones

Assuming 10-10 hours of operation; (Fixture X) - CLF = 0.85; (Fixture Y) - CLF = 0.97

Assuming utilization factor of 0.7, ballast factor of 1.2 for fluorescent lights

qlighting = (lamp rating in watts)(utilization factor)(ballast factor)(CLF)

qflourescent = (8W/light)(0.7)(1.2)(0.85) = 5.712 W/light = 725.424 W

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 qincandescent= (9W/light)(0.7)(0.97) = 6.111 W/light = 30.555 W

Qtotal = 744.979 W

Occupancy

Acquired from Table of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by Stoecker and Jones

Assuming seated, quiet : Heat Gain = 100 W

Assuming 2-2 hours : CLF = 0.58

Assuming Maximum Capacity : 150

Sensible = 0.60 and Latent = 0.40

qseated = (60W)(150)(0.58) + (40W)(150)(1) = 11220 W

Appliances

Summation of Total Load in Table 5

V. Mass flow rate and volume flow rate

Q(sensible) = ms Cp (Tr – Ts)

Q 28063.7596(W) kg
ms = = W KJ = 1.64
Cp (Tr – Ts) 1000 KW (1.005 Kg−C)(250 C − 80 C) s

Q(latent) = 𝑚𝑙 ℎ𝑓𝑔 (Wr – Ws)

Q 9990(W) kg
ml = = W KJ kg
= .571
hfg (Wr – Ws) 1000 (2501 Kg−C)(0.019 − 0.012) kg da s
KW

kg kg kg
mtotal = ms + ml = 1.64 + .571 = 2.211
s s s
kg
m 2.211 s m3
V= = kg
= 1.8425
ρ 1.2 s
m3

VI. Duct Design using equal friction method

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 Assuming Pressure Gradient = 1 Pa/m
Circular Duct Diameters can be determined using Figure 6-2(Stoecker)
For Main Duct of V = 1.8425 m3/s and ΔP/L = 1.5 Pa/m
D = .48 m, V= 7.5 m/s
Converting Circular Duct into Rectangular since it will be hidden inside the ceiling.
Assume width is 3 times the height of the duct; 3a=b

(a(3a))0.625
De,f = 1.3
(a + b)0.25

(3𝑎2 )0.625
. 48m = 1.3
(a + 3a)0.25

𝑎 = .262𝑚
Then, b=..787m
To standardize the duct dimension, the nearest standard dimension is.3m x .8m or
300mm x 800m with equivalent circular diameter of 520mm.

RUN Length Airflow Velocity Rectangular Friction Round Duct Fitting Total
3
(m) (𝑚 /𝑠 (m/s) diameter(m) Loss(Pa/m) Diameter pressure Pressure pressure
(m) loss loss loss
(Pa) (Pa) (Pa)
AB 1.25 1.8425 8.8 .300X.800 1.5 .48 1.875 0.197 2.072
BC 4 1.1055 7.5 .224X672 1.5 .41 6 .295 6.295
BD 2 0.2211 5.1 .126X378 1.5 .23 3 48.38 51.38
BE 2 0.2211 5.1 .126X378 1.5 .23 3 48.38 51.38
CF 2 0.2211 5.1 .126X378 1.5 .23 3 35.89 38.89
CG 2 0.2211 5.1 .126X378 1.5 .23 3 35.89 38.89
CH 6 0.2211 5.1 .126X378 1.5 .23 9 35.89 44.89

Considering the longest run which is Run A-B-C-H that have a total pressure loss of 53.257 Pa.

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VII. Air Handling Unit
Assuming air velocity of 2.3 m/s
Since flow rate is 6633 m3/hr, the air handling unit (AHU) is NB-8
with afo = 0.82 m2

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16
Hood Design

Figure 2: Hood Designing

Costing for Hoods

UNIT
ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT PRICE
COST
RAW
MATERIALS
Stainless Steel
1 Sheet(20 7 sheet 2170 15190
gauge diameter)
Fan 550 cfm
capacity with
1080rpm,
2 5 pcs 5000 25000
4.40Amps and
325
Watts motor
Oil and Grease
3 5 pcs 1500 7500
Trap
4 Damper 5 pcs 2000 10000
SUB TOTAL A 57690

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 Costing for Exhaust Ducts

UNIT
ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT PRICE
COST
RAW MATERIALS
Stainless Steel Sheet(20
1 11 sheet 2170 23870
gauge diameter)
2 Screen 2 yards 700 1400
Other Materials(hanger
3 and 10500
support, painting)
SUB TOTAL A 35770

Costing for Make-up Air Duct

UNIT
ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT PRICE
COST
RAW MATERIALS
GI Sheet(20 gauge
1 2 sheet 913 1826
diameter)
2 Screen 1 yards 700 700
3 Filter 2 pcs 1000 2000
4 Damper 2 pcs 2000 4000
SUB TOTAL A 8526

Proposed Design Total Cost

TOTAL COSTING 101986
FABRICATION FOR HOOD AND
25000
DUCT
INSTALLATION 25000
OTHER COST (MISC. MATERIALS &
15000
WORKS)
CONTRACTOR’S FEE 40000
GRAND TOTAL 206986

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 Duct Installation

The ducting will be installed in the cafeteria where there will be no exposed ducting

outside the building. Exposed ducting may cause leakage where a penalty on the energy may

occur. A clearance of 150mm (6inches) between the ducting and the ceiling will be

accommodated. Since the Cafeteria already has a present ducting design, the spaced use in the

previous installation will be used. Dampers will be installed in accessible locations. Limitation

in height dimensions of the ductwork will be determined while routing for the selection of the

shape of the ductwork. Since the required ductwork is rectangular in shape, holes in the main

duct will be made for the installation of the branch duct take-off. The branch duct take-off will

be fitting that is attached at the top of the main duct.The main return air duct is connected in

much the same way as the supply duct. At the appropriate places, holes are cut in the top of the

duct to allow for connection to the branch ducts. The branch ducts are usually the spaces

between the floor joists. Pieces of metal, called panning, are attached to the bottom of the joists

to create a closed duct

Duct Support

Using the table above, the maximum spacing of the hangers will be 8ft (2.5m). This is to

provide support in the ductwork to avoid displacement and rotation. Considerations must be

19
given with restraining ducts to avoid the build-up off additional internal duct stresses that may be

caused by the expansion and contraction due to variation of temperatures.

Duct Insulation

Insulation is applied to ductwork to enhance thermal performance and prevent

condensation and dripping. Duct thermal performance needs enhancement since air transported

through a supply duct is at a temperature different than that of the surroundings. Insulation

reduces the rate of thermal loss to those surroundings. Without insulation, the air would need

extra heating or cooling in order to arrive at the design supply air temperature. Return air ducts

only need to be insulated if they pass through environments that adversely affect the return air

temperature. Exhaust air ducts normally do not need insulation.

Since is climate in the Philippines is warm, the R values of the insulation is R-4 to R-8.

According to reflectixinc, the recommended indoor ducting insulation is R-4.2 and R-6. This

insulation can greatly reduce the heating cost of the system and it reflects 97% of the radiant

heat. It is also not affected by moisture or humidity.

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 Duct material selection

Ductwork can be made from various materials and can be flexible or rigid. Flexible ducting (also
called flex) is made from round, reinforced plastic tubing and is often covered with a layer of
insulation and a protective coating. Metal ducting is usually galvanized to prevent rust and can
be round or rectangular.Existing metal ductwork can be insulated to increase energy
efficiency. The material that can be used for the construction of duct work depends on the
application of the duct. Table below shows different kind of application and their respective duct
materials.

Application Material
Normal system handling dry air: Galvanized steel
1. Airconditioning Fiberboard
2. Ventilating
System handling air at very high temperature Black steel
1. kitchen exhaust
System handling partially saturated air: Aluminum
1. Outside air intake duct work
2. Exhaust ductwork near discharge outlet
3. Ductwork exposed to weather elements
System handling completely saturated air: Copper
1. Shower exhaust
2. Dishwasher exhaust
3. Ductwork exposed to salty atmosphere

For the cafeteria itself, galvanized steel will be used for airconditioning and ventilating the place.

While for the kitchen, galvanized steel will also be used due to its property to withstand heat but

in any case that the galvanized steel can’t handle the heat, black steel will be used due to its

property to withstand high temperature.

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 Summary of Equipment

Insulation

R4.2 Insulation

Consists of two layers of highly reflective film (96% reflectivity) that are bonded to two

tough layers of polyethylene. Two inner layers of insulating bubbles resist conductive heat flow

while a center layer of polyethylene gives high reliability and strength. The product has a tape

running the length of the roll for easy identification by code officials. The tape identifies the

manufacturer and ASTM Testing: ASTM E84 • Class A / Class 1 • ASTM C411 Passed

Materials

o Galvanized Steel, Fiber board

o Black Steel

o Aluminum

o Copper

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