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Table D2C.1 Names and Oxidation Numbers and Charges of Common

Monoatomic and Polyatomic Ions
A. Metallic and Polyatomic Cations
Oxidation Number of +1; Charges of 1+
NH+4 ammonium Hg2 2+ mercury(I), mercurous
Cu+ copper(I), cuprous K+ potassium
H+ hydrogen Ag+ silver (I)
Li+ lithium Na+ sodium
Oxidation Number of +2; Charges of 2+
Ba2+ barium Mn2+ manganese(II), manganous
Cd2+ cadmium Hg2+ mercury(II), mercuric
Ca2+ calcium Ni2+ nickel(II)
Cr2+ chromium(II), chromous Sr2+ strontium
Co2+ cobalt(II), cobaltous Sn2+ tin(II), stannous
Cu2+ copper(II), cupric UO2 2+ uranyl
Fe2+ iron(II), ferrous VO2+ vanadyl
Pb2+ lead(II), plumbous Zn2+ zinc
Mg2+ magnesium
Oxidation Number of +3; Charges of 3+
Al3+ aluminum Co3+ cobalt(III), cobaltic
As3+ arsenic(III) Fe3+ iron(III), ferric
Cr3+ chromium(III), chromic Mn3+ manganese(III), manganic
Oxidation Number of +4; Charges of 4+
Pb4+ lead(IV), plumbic Sn4+ tin(IV), stannic
Oxidation Number of +5; Charges of 5+
V5+ vanadium(V) As5+ arsenic(V)
B. Nonmetallic and Polyatomic Anions
Oxidation Number of –1; Charges of 1–
CH3CO2 – acetate or H– hydride
C2H3O2 – acetate ClO– hypochlorite
Br– bromide I– iodide
ClO3 – chlorate NO3 – nitrate
Cl– chloride NO2 – nitrite
ClO2 – chlorite ClO4 – perchlorate
CN– cyanide IO4 – periodate
F– fluoride MnO4 – permanganate
OH– hydroxide
Oxidation Number of –2; Charges of 2–
CO3 2– carbonate O2 2– peroxide
CrO4 2– chromate SiO3 2– silicate
Cr2O7 2– dichromate SO4 2– sulfate
MnO4 2– manganate S2– sulfide
O2– oxide SO3 2– sulfite
C2O4 2– oxalate S2O3 2– thiosulfate
Oxidation Number of –3; Charges of 3–
N3– nitride BO3 3– borate
PO4 3– phosphate AsO3 3– arsenite
PO3 3– phosphite AsO4 3– arsenate
P3– phosphide

If more than two polyatomic anions are formed from a given element and oxygen,
the prefixes per- and hypo- are added to distinguish the additional ions. This appears
most often among the polyatomic anions with a halogen as the distinguishing element.
The prefixes per- and hypo- are often used to identify the extremes (the high and low)
in oxidation numbers of the element in the anion. Table D2C.2, page 100, summarizes
the nomenclature for these and other polyatomic anions.
For example, ClO4– is perchlorate because the oxidation number of Cl is +7 (the
highest oxidation number of the four polyatomic anions of chlorine), whereas ClO– is
hypochlorite because the oxidation number of Cl is +1. Therefore, NaClO4 is sodium
perchlorate and NaClO is sodium hypochlorite. The name of Co(ClO3)2 is cobalt(II)
chlorate because the chlorate ion is ClO3– (see Table D2C.1) and the oxidation number

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