(Chapter 3) Science, Technology, and
Nation-building
Science and technology affect the development
of the Philippines as a nation.
Pre-Colonial Period
- Beginning of scientific and
technological development of
Philippines.
 Farming Process
- Plants and herbs as a medicine
- Shifting cultivation in the Philippines is
widely referred to as 'kaingin', the
staple crops such as rice, millet,
bananas and root crops were grown in
swiddens (kaingin)
 Agriculture
- Banawe Rice Terraces is called “Zone of
Refuge”
- Through these terraces, the people were
able to cultivate crops on the
mountainsides in cold temperature.
- It shows the innovative and ingenious
way of natives to survive in an
otherwise unfriendly environment.
 Weapon
- Balaraw also known as
“winged dagger"
- Pre-colonial Filipinos use two kinds of
swords for combat:
1. Kris
2. Kampilan
- Kalasag is for protection, they wielded
padded armor and carabao-hide
breastplates, and long narrow shields.
- Lantakas are the small cannons.
 Baybayin is a pre-Spanish Philippine
writing system.
 Piloncitos was the currency/coins in pre-
colonial times.
 Different mode of Transportation
- Karakao / korkoa -were of excellent
quality and some of them were used by
the Spaniards in expeditions against
rebellious tribes and Dutch and British
forces.
- Balangay - is a plank boat adjoined by
a carved-out plank edged through pins
and dowels.
Colonial Period
Spain
- Colonization by the Spaniards provided
the Philippines with modern means of
construction.
- Spanish government developed health
and education systems that were
enjoyed by the principalia class.
 The Philippines was named in honor
of King Philip II of Spain.
 Ruy López de Villalobos named the
islands of Leyte and Samar Las Islas
Filipinas.
 Construction works like walls, roads,
bridges and other large infrastructures.
America
- The American occupation established a
government agency, the Bureau of
Science, for the sole purpose of
nurturing development in the field of
science and technology.
 Education
- The colonial government recruit
American teachers to help establish the
new educational system.
 Thomasites - a group of 600 American
teachers who travelled from the United
States to the newly annexed territory of
the Philippines on the transport ship USS
Thomas.
Post-Colonial Period
- After achieving independence from the
colonizers, the Philippines, under
different administrations, continued to
pursue programs in science and
technology.
 Ferdinand Marcos (Former president and
dictator)
- Marcos saw that the key to nation-
building is the continued development
of science and technology.
He established and strengthened:
1. PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric
Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration)
2. NAST (National Academy of Science
and Technology)
3. NSTA (National Science and
Technology Authority)

(Chapter 5) Human Flourishing as Reflected
in Progress and Development
Our planet is already over burned with
human activities. It’s about time that we
rethink our standards of development if we
truly want to live the good life.
According to John Hickel (anthropologist at
the London School of Economics) essay:
“Forget 'developing' poor countries, it's time to
'de-develop' rich countries”
Growth has been the main object of
development for the past 70 years. Since
1980, the global economy has grown by 380%,
but the number of people living in poverty on
less than $5 a day has increased by more than
1.1 billion. Growth isn’t an option anymore –
we’ve already grown too much. Scientists are
now telling us that we’re blowing past
planetary boundaries at breakneck speed. And
the hard truth is that this global crisis is due
almost entirely to overconsumption in rich
countries. Right now, our planet only has
enough resources for each of us to consume
1.8 “global hectares” annually – a
standardized unit that measures resource use
and waste.
What does this mean for our theory of
development? Economist Peter Edward
argues that instead of pushing poorer
countries to “catch up” with rich ones, we
should be thinking of ways to get rich
countries to “catch down” to more appropriate
levels of development. We should look at
societies where people live long and happy
lives at relatively low levels of income and
consumption not as basket cases that need to
be developed towards western models, but as
exemplars of efficient living.
The idea of “de-developing” rich countries
might prove to be a strong rallying cry in the
global south, but it will be tricky to sell to
westerners. A similar majority also believe we
should strive to buy and own less, and that
doing so would not compromise our
happiness.
 Martin Heidegger- a German philosopher
who said that science and technology must
be taken as part of human life.
- “The Question of Technology” means
to an end or essential to human
activity/life.
Technology itself is a contrivance (in
instrumentum)
True can be pursued through the correct. The
experience and understanding of what is
correct lead us to what is true.
 Ancient Greek concept:
1. Aletheia – “unhideness” to show
what is true
2. Poiesis - “to go forth” bring/
produce the truth
3. Techne – “arts and skills”
 Calculative Thinking – put system to
nature by controlling it.
 Meditative Thinking – let nature reveal
itself.
 Causa: (Cause of Technology According
from Aristotle) Greek
1. Materialis – “materialism”
2. Formalis – “form”
3. Finalis – “end”
4. Efficens – “effect”
Human person
 The bearer and beneficiary of
technology.
 In the person’s pursuit of the good life,
he may unconsciously acquire, consume
or destroy what the world has to offer.
Technology as Poeisis- Modern technology
challenges nature and demands of it the
resources are, most of the time, forcibly
extracted for human consumption and
storage. It brings about a “setting upon”
(means attacking our nature by use of
violence)
Standing reserve- everything is imposed
upon or “challenged” to be an orderly resource
for technical application, which in turn we
take as a resource for further use, and so on
interminably.
Question of Piety- “we should have faith in
our thoughts” people should stop, think and
question first.
Eureka- latin word for “I found it”
Enframing- it is a way of revealing in modern
technology.
Human Person Swallowed by Technology- if 1. Shorter working week
we cannot let go of the conveniences and 2. Basic income
profits brought about by processes and 3. Needs before Wants
industries that pollute the environment and 4. Maturity (doing responsibility)
cause climate change, then technology has  Less is more
consumed our humanity.
Art is a way out of enframing- with art, we
are better able to see the poetic in nature in
reality. It leads us away from calculative
thinking to meditative thinking.
GDP-Gross domestic product
- All good and service produce by country
in a year over number of people
Steady State- expanding but maintaining a
constant average density
PH- 13th most populated country
- 108.12 M population
- 1 birth per 14 sec
- 1 death per 50 sec
- Net gain per 25 sec
Tickle Down Effect- big business will go
down little by little to small business
- Redevelop country by 2030 (eradicate
poverty)
Over Consume of Resource
- Enough resorce to consume per year is
1.8 global hectars (standard unit)
o Canada- 8 global hectare
o PH- 1.1 global hectare- because
of use of clean water and prevent
consumption
Peter Edward- “catch down rich, catch up
poor” USA has 53 thousand dollor per month
GDP

Reason why country is poor

1. Unemployment
2. Lack of Education
3. Over population
4. Low Salary
5. Corruption
6. Low Infrastructures
7. Culture
8. OFW
9. Land Location

Need to do for positive Future

- Buen vivir – good living or to live good
o Need to eradicate poverty
- Quality over Quantity

How Much is enough