1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union as amended on 1990

Chapter 15.1. President of the USSR

Article 127. The head of the Soviet state - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is the President of the
USSR.

Article 127.1. The President of the USSR may be elected a citizen of the USSR not younger than thirty-
five and not older than sixty-five years. One and the same person can not be President of the USSR for
more than two terms.

The President of the USSR is elected by the citizens of the USSR on the basis of universal, equal and
direct suffrage by secret ballot for a period of five years. The number of candidates for the post of
President of the USSR is not limited. Elections of the President of the USSR are considered valid if at
least fifty percent of voters took part in them. The candidate who has received more than half of the votes
of the voters who took part in the voting, in general for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic and in the
majority of the Union republics, is considered elected.

The procedure for the election of the President of the USSR is determined by the CCER Law.

The President of the USSR can not be a people's deputy.

A person who is the President of the USSR can only receive salaries for this position.

Article 127.2. Upon assuming office, the President of the USSR takes an oath at a meeting of the
Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.

Article 127.3. President of the USSR:

1) acts as a guarantor of observance of the rights and freedoms of Soviet citizens, the Constitution and
laws of the USSR;

2) take the necessary measures to protect the sovereignty of the USSR and the Union republics, the
security and territorial integrity of the country, to implement the principles of the national-state structure
of the USSR;

3) represents the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics within the country and in international relations;

4) ensure the interaction of the supreme bodies of state power and administration of the USSR;

5) submit annual reports on the situation of the country to the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR;
informs the Supreme Soviet of the USSR about the most important issues of the internal and foreign
policy of the USSR;
1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union as amended on 1990

6) submit nominations for the posts of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the
Chairman of the People's Control Committee of the USSR, the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the
USSR, the Prosecutor General of the USSR, the Chief State Arbitrator of the USSR to the Supreme
Soviet of the USSR, and then presents these officials to the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
for approval; enters with the representations to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and to the Congress of
People's Deputies of the USSR on the release of the duties of these officials, with the exception of the
Chairman of the Supreme Court of the USSR;

7) puts before the Supreme Soviet of the USSR the question of resignation or of the acceptance of the
resignation of the Council of Ministers of the USSR; in agreement with the Chairman of the Council of
Ministers of the USSR, dismisses and appoints members of the Government of the USSR with subsequent
submission to the Supreme Council of the USSR for approval;

8) signs the laws of the USSR; has the right to return the law, no later than in two weeks, with its
objections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for repeated discussion and voting. If the Supreme Soviet
of the USSR, by a two-thirds majority in each of the chambers, confirms the decision previously taken by
it, the President of the USSR signs the law;

9) has the right to suspend the actions and orders of the Council of Ministers of the USSR;

10) coordinates the activities of state agencies to ensure the country's defense; is the Supreme
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the USSR, appoints and replaces the high command of the
Armed Forces of the USSR, appropriates higher military ranks; appoints judges of military tribunals;

11) negotiates and signs international treaties of the USSR; Accepts credentials and letters of recall of
diplomatic representatives accredited to him from foreign states; appoints and recalls diplomatic
representatives of the USSR in foreign states and with international organizations; assigns higher
diplomatic ranks and other special titles;

12) awards orders and medals of the USSR, appropriates the honorary titles of the USSR;

13) resolves the issues of admission to the USSR citizenship, withdrawal from it and deprivation of
Soviet citizenship, asylum; pardons;

14) declares general or partial mobilization; declares the state of war in the event of a military attack on
the USSR and immediately brings this matter to the consideration of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR;
declares in the interests of the defense of the USSR and the safety of its citizens a martial law in
individual localities. The order of introduction and the regime of martial law are determined by law;

15) in the interests of ensuring the safety of citizens of the USSR, warns of declaring a state of emergency
in certain localities, and, if necessary, introduces it at the request or with the consent of the Presidium of
the Supreme Council or the supreme body of state power of the corresponding union republic. In the
absence of such consent, he introduces a state of emergency with the immediate introduction of the
decision adopted for approval by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The resolution of the Supreme Soviet
of the USSR on this issue is adopted by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the total number of its
members.

In the cases specified in part one of this paragraph, it may introduce temporary presidential rule, while
respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the union republic.

The regime of state of emergency, as well as presidential rule is established by law;

1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union as amended on 1990

16) in the event of disagreements between the Council of the Union and the Council of Nationalities of
the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which could not be eliminated in the manner prescribed by Article 117
of the Constitution of the USSR, the President of the USSR considers the disputable issue in order to
arrive at an acceptable solution. If agreement can not be reached and there is a real threat of disruption of
the normal activities of the supreme bodies of state power and administration of the USSR, the President
can submit to the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR a proposal to elect a new Supreme Soviet of
the USSR.

Article 127.4. The President of the USSR heads the Federation Council, which includes top state officials
of the Union republics. The highest state officials of autonomous republics, autonomous regions and
autonomous regions are entitled to participate in the sessions of the Federation Council.

The Federation Council: considers issues of compliance with the Union Treaty; develops measures to
implement the national policy of the Soviet state; submits to the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme
Soviet of the USSR recommendations on resolving disputes and settling conflict situations in interethnic
relations; coordinates the activities of the Union republics and ensures their participation in solving issues
of all-Union significance, referred to the competence of the President of the USSR.

Issues affecting the interests of peoples who do not have their national-state formations are considered in
the Federation Council with the participation of representatives of these peoples.

The Chairman of the Supreme Council of the USSR and the Chambers of the Chambers are entitled to
participate in the sessions of the Federation Council.

Article 127.5. Under the President of the USSR, there is the Presidential Council of the USSR, whose task
is to develop measures to implement the main directions of the USSR's domestic and foreign policy and
to ensure the country's security.

Members of the Presidential Council of the USSR are appointed by the President of the USSR. The
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR is a member of the Presidential Council of the USSR.

The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR has the right to participate in the meetings of the
Presidential Council of the USSR.

Article 127.6. The President of the USSR holds joint meetings of the Federation Council and the
Presidential Council of the USSR to consider the most important issues of the country's domestic and
foreign policy.

Article 127.7. The President of the USSR, on the basis and in pursuance of the Constitution of the USSR
and the laws of the USSR, issues decrees that are binding on the entire territory of the country.
1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union as amended on 1990

Article 127.8. The President of the USSR has the right to immunity and can only be dismissed by the
Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR in the event of his violation of the Constitution of the USSR
and the laws of the USSR. Such a decision shall be adopted by no less than two-thirds of the total number
of deputies by the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR on the initiative of the Congress itself or
the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, taking into account the conclusion of the USSR Constitutional
Supervision Committee.

Article 127.9. President of the USSR may transfer his duties under paragraphs 11 and 12 of Article 127.3
, the USSR Supreme Soviet Chairman and Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers, and duties under
paragraph 13 of article 127.3 , - Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Article 127.10. If the President of the USSR for whatever reasons can not continue to fulfill his duties,
until the election of the new President of the USSR his powers pass to the Chairman of the Supreme
Soviet of the USSR, and if this is not possible, to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
In this case, elections of the new President of the USSR must be held within three months. "

4. In connection with the addition of the Constitution of the USSR, Chapter 15.1 "The President of the
USSR" introduce amendments and additions to the following articles of the Constitution of the USSR:

1) the first part of Article 77 shall be reworded as follows:

"The Union Republic participates in the resolution of questions assigned to the jurisdiction of the USSR
at the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Presidium of the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Federation Council, the Government of the USSR and other bodies of
the USSR."

2) In Article 108 :

Item 6 shall be reworded as follows:

"6) election of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR";

paragraphs 7 and 8 should be deleted;

Item 11 shall be reworded as follows:

"11) election of the Committee for Constitutional Supervision of the USSR on the recommendation of the
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR";

paragraphs 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 shall be deemed to be items 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, respectively;

from the fourth part, delete the words "Decrees of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR on the
recall of the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR or his First Deputy are adopted by a majority
of at least two-thirds of the total number of People's Deputies of the USSR."

3) The fourth and fifth parts of Article 110 shall be reworded as follows:
1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union as amended on 1990

"Regular meetings of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR are held at least once a year."
Extraordinary meetings are convened on the initiative of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, at the
suggestion of one of its chambers, the President of the USSR, at least one-fifth of the people's deputies of
the USSR, or on the initiative of the Union republic in the person of its supreme body of state power.

The first meeting of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR after the elections is conducted by the
Chairman of the Central Election Commission for the Elections of People's Deputies of the USSR, and
then by the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. "

4) The first and seventh parts of Article 111 shall be reworded as follows:

"The Supreme Soviet of the USSR is a permanent legislative and control body of state power of the
USSR";

"Joint sessions of chambers are conducted by the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR or
alternately by the Presidents of the Council of the Union and the Council of Nationalities."

5) The first and second parts of Article 112 shall be reworded as follows:

"The Supreme Soviet of the USSR is annually convened by the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the
USSR for regular sessions of spring and autumn, usually three to four months each.

Extraordinary sessions are convened by the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on his initiative
or at the suggestion of the President of the USSR, the Union Republic in the person of its supreme body
of state power, not less than one-third of the composition of one of the chambers of the Supreme Soviet of
the USSR. "

6) In Article 113 :

point 2 in the form of paragraphs 2 and 3 as follows:

"2) appoints, upon the recommendation of the President of the USSR, the Chairman of the Council of
Ministers of the USSR;

3) approve, upon the proposal of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the composition
of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the amendments to it; at the suggestion of the Council of
Ministers of the USSR, forms and abolishes the ministries of the USSR and state committees of the USSR
";

Item 3 should be deleted;

paragraphs 7, 13, 14 and 18 shall be reworded as follows:

"7) carries out, within the limits of the competence of the USSR, legislative regulation of the procedure
for the exercise of constitutional rights, freedoms and duties of citizens, property relations, organization
of economic management and socio-cultural construction, fiscal and financial system, wages and pricing,
taxation, environmental protection and use of natural resources, as well as other relationships ";
1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union as amended on 1990

"13) determines the main activities in the field of defense and state security, introduces a military or state
of emergency throughout the country, declares a state of war in the event of necessity to fulfill
international treaty obligations on mutual defense against aggression;

14) decides on the use of contingents of the Armed Forces of the USSR when it is necessary to fulfill
international treaty obligations to maintain peace and security ";

"18) has the right to cancel decisions and orders of the Council of Ministers of the USSR."

7) Article 114 shall be reworded as follows:

" Article 114. The right of legislative initiative at the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR and in
the Supreme Soviet of the USSR belongs to people's deputies of the USSR, the Council of the Union, the
Council of Nationalities, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the standing committees of
the chambers and committees of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the President of the USSR, the Council
of Ministers of the USSR, the constitutional supervision of the USSR, the allied and autonomous
republics in the person of their supreme bodies of state power, autonomous regions, autonomous regions,
the USSR People's Control Committee, the Supreme Court of the USSR, neralnomu prosecutor USSR
Chief State Arbiter of the USSR.

The right of legislative initiative is also enjoyed by public organizations in the person of their all-Union
bodies and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. "

8) Article 117 shall be stated as follows:

" Article 117. In the event of a disagreement between the Council of the Union and the Council of
Nationalities, the matter shall be referred to the conciliation commission formed by the chambers on an
equal footing, after which it is considered again by the Council of the Union and the Council of
Nationalities at a joint meeting."

9) Article 118 shall be stated as follows:

" Article 118. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, headed by the Chairman of the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR, is established to organize the work of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR The
Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR includes the Chairman of the Council of the Union and
the Chairman of the Council of Nationalities, their deputies, chairmen of the permanent commissions of
the chambers and committees of the Supreme Council The USSR, other People's Deputies of the USSR -
one from each of the Union republics, as well as two representatives from the autonomous republics and
one from autonomous regions and autonomous regions.

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR prepares the sessions of the Congress and sessions of
the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, coordinates the activities of the standing committees of the chambers
and committees of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, organizes nationwide discussions of draft laws of the
USSR and other most important issues of state life.

The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ensures the publication in the languages of the union
republics of the texts of USSR laws and other acts adopted by the Congress of People's Deputies of the
USSR, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, its chambers, the President of the USSR. "

10) Article 119 should be deleted.

1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union as amended on 1990

Article 120 shall be deemed to be Article 119 and set forth in the following wording:

" Article 119. The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR is elected by the Congress of People's
Deputies of the USSR from among the People's Deputies of the USSR by secret ballot for a term of five
years and for not more than two consecutive terms." He may be withdrawn by secret ballot at any time by
the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.

The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR is accountable to the Congress of People's Deputies of
the USSR and the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issues resolutions on the convocation of sessions of the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR, on other issues - orders. "

11) Article 121 should be deleted.

Articles 122 and 123 shall be deemed to be Articles 120 and 121, respectively .

12) Article 124 is considered to be Article 122 and to state it in the form of two articles in the following
wording:

" Article 122. The People's Deputy of the USSR has the right to request the meetings of the Congress of
People's Deputies of the USSR and the sessions of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to the Council of
Ministers of the USSR, the heads of other bodies formed or elected by the Congress of People's Deputies
of the USSR and the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and to the President of the USSR at meetings of the
Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR The body or official to whom the request is addressed is
obliged to give an oral or written reply at this meeting of the Congress or at this session of the Supreme
Soviet of the USSR not more than three days th term.

Article 123. People's deputies of the USSR have the right to be released from the performance of official
or production duties for a period necessary for the performance of deputy activities at the Congress of
People's Deputies of the USSR, in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, its chambers, commissions and
committees, and among the population.

A People's Deputy of the USSR can not be brought to criminal responsibility, arrested or subjected to
administrative penalties imposed in court, without the consent of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and in
the period between his sessions - without the consent of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the
USSR. "

13) Articles 125, 126 and 127 shall be deemed to be Articles 124 , 125 and 126 , respectively .

14) Article 124 :

paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 shall be reworded as follows:

"2) on the proposals of at least one-fifth of the People's Deputies of the USSR, the President of the USSR,
the highest state authorities of the Union republics, the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
concludes that the laws of the USSR and other acts adopted by the Congress comply with the USSR
Constitution.
1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union as amended on 1990

On behalf of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, at the suggestion of the Supreme Soviet of
the USSR, it gives conclusions on the conformity of the decrees of the President of the USSR to the
Constitution of the USSR and the laws of the USSR;

3) on the instructions of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, on the proposals of the Supreme
Soviet of the USSR, the President of the USSR, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the
higher bodies of state power of the Union republics, the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR or the
Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the conformity of the Constitutions of the Union republics to the
Constitution of the USSR, republics - also to the laws of the USSR;

4) on the instructions of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, on proposals of at least one-fifth
of the members of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the President of the USSR, the supreme bodies of
state power of the Union republics, submit to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR or the President of the
USSR conclusions on the conformity of the acts of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and its chambers,
submitted to the consideration of these bodies, the Constitution of the USSR and the laws of the USSR
adopted by the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, and decisions and orders of the Council of
Ministers of the USSR - also to the laws of the USSR adopted by the Supreme Council Babe of the
USSR; on the compliance of international treaty and other obligations of the USSR and the Union
Republics with the Constitution of the USSR and the laws of the USSR;

5) on the instructions of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, on the proposals of the Supreme
Soviet of the USSR, its chambers, the President of the USSR, the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the
USSR, the permanent commissions of the chambers and committees of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR,
the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the supreme bodies of state power of the Union republics, , The
Supreme Court of the USSR, the USSR Prosecutor General, the USSR State Chief Arbitrator, the all-
union bodies of public organizations and the USSR Academy of Sciences gives conclusions on the
conformity of the Constitution of the USSR and the law to us the USSR of normative legal acts of other
state bodies and public organizations in respect of which, in accordance with the Constitution of the
USSR, the prosecutor's supervision is not exercised. "

15) The first and second parts of Article 125 shall be reworded as follows:

"The Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR and the Supreme Soviet of the USSR exercise control
over all state bodies accountable to them.

The Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the President of the USSR direct the activities of the USSR
People's Control Committee. "

16) The third and fourth parts of Article 130 shall be reworded as follows:

"The Council of Ministers of the USSR reports at least once a year on its work to the Supreme Soviet of
the USSR and regularly informs the President of the USSR of its activities.

The Supreme Soviet of the USSR may, on its own initiative or at the suggestion of the President of the
USSR, express a lack of confidence in the Government of the USSR, which entails his resignation. The
resolution on this issue is adopted by a majority of at least two-thirds of the total number of members of
the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. "

17) In Article 131 :

part one of the following wording:

1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union as amended on 1990

"The Council of Ministers of the USSR is authorized to resolve all issues of state administration, referred
to the jurisdiction of the USSR, since they do not enter into the competence of the Congress of People's
Deputies of the USSR, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the President of the USSR, in accordance
with the Constitution of the USSR";

Paragraphs 3 and 4 of Part Two shall be reworded as follows:

"3) implement measures to ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens, protect the interests of the country,
protect property and public order;

4) takes measures to ensure the country's defense and state security ";

paragraph 5, delete;

paragraphs 6 and 7 shall be deemed to be items 5 and 6, respectively, having stated them in the following
wording:

"5) carries out general measures in the field of relations with foreign countries, foreign trade, economic,
scientific, technical and cultural cooperation of the USSR with foreign countries, takes measures to ensure
the implementation of international treaties of the USSR, approves and denounces intergovernmental
international treaties;

6) forms, if necessary, committees, main administrations and other departments under the Council of
Ministers of the USSR. "

18) Article 133 shall be worded as follows:

" Article 133. The Council of Ministers of the USSR, on the basis of and in pursuance of the laws of the
USSR and other decisions of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, the Supreme Soviet of the
USSR, decrees of the President of the USSR, publishes resolutions and orders and verifies their
execution." Decrees and orders of the Council of Ministers of the USSR are obligatory for execution
throughout the territory THE USSR".

19) Part four of Article 135 shall be stated as follows:

"The ministries and state committees of the USSR are responsible for the state and development of the
spheres of government entrusted to them, within the limits of their competence, issue acts on the basis and
pursuant to the laws of the USSR and other decisions of the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
and the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, decrees of the President of the USSR, decrees and orders of the
Council Ministers of the USSR, organize and verify their execution. "

20) The first and fifth parts of Article 152 shall be reworded as follows:

"All courts in the USSR are formed on the basis of election of judges and lay assessors, with the
exception of judges of military tribunals";

"Judges of military tribunals are appointed by the President of the USSR, and people's assessors are
elected by assemblies of servicemen by open ballot."

21) Article 171 shall be worded as follows:

1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union as amended on 1990

" Article 171. The State Anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is approved by the Supreme
Soviet of the USSR."

III. 1. To establish that the first President of the USSR is elected by the Congress of People's Deputies of
the USSR for a period of five years.

Nominations for the post of the President of the USSR in these elections can be nominated by public
organizations in the person of their all-union bodies, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, each of its
chambers, groups of people's deputies of the USSR, at least 100 people and union republics represented
by their supreme bodies of state power. A candidate who has received more than half of the total number
of people's deputies of the USSR is considered elected. If none of the candidates has received more than
half of the votes during the voting, a second vote is held on the two candidates who received the largest
number of votes.

2. A person elected by the President of the USSR shall take office from the moment he takes the oath.

To approve the following text of the oath of the President of the USSR:

"I solemnly swear to faithfully serve the peoples of our country, strictly follow the Constitution of the
USSR, guarantee the rights and freedoms of citizens, conscientiously fulfill the high duties assigned to me
by the President of the USSR."

IV. This Law shall come into force from the moment of its adoption.