1

REVIEW
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REVIEW
What is the difference among a
population, a target population
and a sample?
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POPULATION and SAMPLE

Getting a fraction to understand the whole
Population – a group of individuals who
have the same characteristic

Target Population – a group of individuals

with some common defining characteristic
that the researcher can identify and study

Sample – a subgroup of the target

population that the researcher plans to
study for generalizing about the target
population.
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ACTIVITY
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ICE CREAM PARLOR

Imagine if you wanted to find out

the ice cream flavor preference
of all the senior high school
students in Valenzuela.

1. Can we use the whole population?

2. Why do we need to use a sample?
3. What do you call the process of
selecting units from a population?
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SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES
Mr. Vince C. Fualo ● Practical Research 2
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Probability vs Non-probability Sampling
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Probability vs Non-probability Sampling

Probability sampling – every Non-probability sampling –

member of the population has a samples are selected on non-
known chance of participating in random manner, not each
the study. population member has a chance
to participate in the study
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Probability Sampling
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Probability Sampling

Simple Random Sampling –

drawing randomly from a list of
the population (e.g.: names
from a hat (lottery method),
using a matrix of random
numbers).
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Probability Sampling
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Probability Sampling

Systematic Random Sampling

– Taking every kth element in
the population as a sample,
where
𝑁
𝑘=
𝑛
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Probability Sampling
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Probability Sampling

Stratified Random Sampling –

dividing the population into
smaller groups (arrange or
classify according to sex, age,
ethnicity etc.) and then
applying simple random
sampling.
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Probability Sampling
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Probability Sampling

Cluster Sampling – The

selection of groups, or clusters,
of subjects rather than
individuals. Only individuals
within samples clusters are
surveyed.
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Non-Probability Sampling
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Non-Probability Sampling

Convenience Sampling – is
selecting a group of individuals
who are conveniently available
for study
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Non-Probability Sampling
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Non-Probability Sampling

Quota Sampling – the number

of samples is decided by the
researcher and selection is also
made out of availability of the
respondent.
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Non-Probability Sampling
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Non-Probability Sampling

Purposive Sampling – using

researcher’s judgment to select
a sample that they believe,
based on prior information, will
provide the data they need.
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Non-Probability Sampling
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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Non-Probability Sampling

Snowball Sampling – One

sample leads on to more of the
same kind of sample.
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ACTIVITY
 ACTIVITY
Sample! Sample! Sample! – Guide Questions

1. What major sampling technique

(probability or non-probability) did the
researcher use in the example?
2. What specific sampling technique did the
researcher execute in the example?
3. How did you say so?
 ACTIVITY
Sample! Sample! Sample! – Group 1

A researcher has a population of 100 third grade

children from a local school district from which a sample
of 25 children is to be selected. Each child’s name is put
on a list, and each child is assigned a number from 1 to
100. Then the numbers 1 to 100 are written on separate
pieces of paper and shuffled. Finally, the researcher
picks 25 slips of paper and the numbers on the paper
determine the 25 participants.
 ACTIVITY
Sample! Sample! Sample! – Group 2

A sociologist conducts an opinion survey in a major city.

Part of the research plan calls for describing and
comparing the opinions of four different ethnic groups:
African Americans, Asian Americans, European
American and Native Americans. For target population
of 300, the researcher selects 75 participants from each
of the four predetermined subgroups.
 ACTIVITY
Sample! Sample! Sample! – Group 3

A sample of 2,000 was sought to estimate the average

achievement in science of elementary students in a
city’s public schools. They started off by dividing the
students according to their grade levels. Subsequently,
they get 100 students randomly selected as samples
from all six graders in different schools.
 ACTIVITY
Sample! Sample! Sample! – Group 4

A mall manager is trying to know what are the shoppers’

opinion regarding their new security system. With a
target population of 10,000 they aim to select at least 100
shoppers as their respondents. In order for them to get an
accurate yet accessible sample, they plan to give
survey questionnaires to whoever walks by in their mall.
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QUIZ
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
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QUIZ
The Sample

1. If I have a list of students, and pick every other

one for an experiment, what sampling method
am I employing?
2. If a researcher chooses only men over 60 for an
experiment, that is an example of what sampling
method?
3. If I conduct an experiment, and choose for my
sample whoever walks by in the mall, that is an
example of what sampling method?
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QUIZ
The Sample

4. If a researcher conducts an experiment, and

chooses for a sample all the members of a
psychology class, because he thinks they make
the best subjects, that is an example of?
5. If I conduct an experiment, and recruit for my
sample my friend Joe, and he recruits his friend
Amber, and she recruits her friend Gina, that is
an example of?
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THANK YOU!