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Lay Tan
ADINA R & D
2016-03-09
• Introduction
• Time Integration
• Implicit Analysis
• Explicit Analysis
• Implicit vs Explicit
• Implicit - Bathe Method
• Analysis Switch
• Energy Calculations
M t pt U
t pt R t pt F C (t U
a0 t U
)
M t t U
t t R t t F C (t pt U
a3 t pt U
)
• Newmark Method
t t t t
ˆ
K U ˆ
R
ˆ K a 0M a1C
K
t t
R R M (a0 U a 2 U a3 U) C(a1 U a 4 U a5 U
)
t t t t t t
ˆ
Implicit Explicit
Large time step size Very small time step size governed by
stability
High computional effort per solution Very low computational effort per
time step solution time step
Large memory required Much less memory required
Equilibrium satisfied in nonlinear More difficult to assess quality of
iterations; confidence in solution solution
Parallel processing scalable up to 8 cores Much more scalable in DMP
in SMP
All elements and materials available Only selected elements and materials
Second‐order can be used Second‐order elements not
recommended; incorrect inertia forces
Implicit Explicit
Incompatible modes can be used with Incompatible modes significantly
slight increase in solution time increases cost of computation
u/p formulation can be used effectively Incompressible material greatly reduces
for incompressible material the critical time step size
Time step size based on characteristics Time step size typically controlled by
of the problem smallest element
For problems where the solution time is For problems where the solution time is
considerable longer than the time taken comparable to time taken for a stress
for a stress wave to propagate through wave to propagate through the
the structure. Examples: static analysis, structure. Examples: wave propagation,
crush analysis, earthquake response high speed impact
Solution may fail to converge in Analysis may fail due to diverging
equilibrium iterations solution
1 1 1
20 t t
• t 1
20 f max
1
, fmax=maximum frequency of interest
2
i
2
Damping
i
ratio