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1. T&M 30.P.003
Which of the following statements are true? (Select all that
apply.)
a) the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave in
free space are in phase.
b) Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves.
c) None of these statements are true.
d) The electromagnetic wave equation can be derived from
Maxwell's equations.
e) Maxwell's equations apply only to electric and magnetic fields
that are constant over time.
f) In an electromagnetic wave in free space, the electric and
magnetic energy densities are equal.
Solution:
a) True, b) True, c) False, d) True, e) False, f) True.
2. T&M 30.P.031
Solution:
Picture the Problem The rms values of the electric and magnetic fields are found
from their amplitudes by dividing by the square root of two. The rms values of the
electric and magnetic field strengths are related according to Brms = Erms/c. We can
find the intensity of the radiation using I = ErmsBrms/µ0 and the radiation pressure
using Pr = I/c.
3. T&M 30.P.033
(a) An electromagnetic wave of intensity 200 W/m2 is incident
normally on a rectangular black card with sides of 20 cm and 30
cm that absorbs all the radiation. Find the force exerted on the
card by the radiation. (b) Find the force exerted by the same
wave if the card reflects all the radiation incident on it.
Solution:
Picture the Problem We can find the force exerted on the card using the
definition of pressure and the relationship between radiation pressure and the
intensity of the electromagnetic wave. Note that, when the card reflects all the
radiation incident on it, conservation of momentum requires that the force is
doubled.
4. T&M 30.P.037
An electromagnetic plane wave has an electric field that is
parallel to the y axis, and has a Poynting vector given by S(x,t)
= (100 W/m2) cos2(kx - ωt) (in the z direction). x is in meters, k
= 10.0 rad/m, ω = 3.00 x 109 rad/s, and t is in seconds.
(a) What is the direction of propagation of the wave?
(b) Find the wavelength and the frequency of the wave.
(c) Find the electric and magnetic fields of the wave as
functions of x and t. (Use x and t as necessary.)
Solution:
Picture the Problem We can determine the direction of propagation of the wave,
its wavelength, and its frequency by examining the argument of the cosine
!
function. We can find E from S = E 2 µ 0 c and B from B = E/c. Finally, we can
!
use the definition of the Poynting vector and the given expression for S to find
! !
E and B .
(a) Because the argument of the cosine function is of the form kx " !t , the wave
propagates in the +x direction.
(b) Examining the argument of the 2#
k= = 10.0 m !1 ⇒ ! = 0.628 m
cosine function, we note that the "
wave number k of the wave is:
!
Because
! E (x, t ) = (194 V/m )cos[kx " !t ] ˆj
S (x, t ) = (100 W/m 2 )cos 2 [kx " ! t ] iˆ
where k = 10.0 rad/m and
! 1 ! !
and S = E!B: ω = 3.00 × 109 rad/s.
µ0
! 1 ! ! !
Because S = E ! B , the direction B (x, t ) = (647 nT )cos[kx " !t ] kˆ
µ0
! where k = 10.0 rad/m and
of B must be such that the cross ω = 3.00 × 109 rad/s.
! !
product of E with B is in the
positive x direction:
5. T&M 30.P.046
Solution:
Picture the Problem We can use c = fλ to find the wavelength. Examination of
the argument of the cosine function will reveal the direction of propagation of the
wave. We can find the magnitude, wave number, and angular frequency of the
electric vector from the given information and the result of (a) and use these
!
results to obtain E (z, t). Finally, we can use its definition to find the Poynting
vector.
From the sign of the argument of the cosine function and the spatial dependence
on z, we can conclude that the wave propagates in the +z direction.
!
(b) Express the amplitude of E : ( )(
E = cB = 2.998 !108 m/s 10 "8 T )
= 3.00 V/m
Find the angular frequency and $ = 2# f = 2# (100 MHz ) = 6.28 " 108 s !1
wave number of the wave: and
2" 2"
k= = = 2.09 m !1
# 3.00 m
! !
Because S is in the positive z direction, E must be in the negative y direction in
order to satisfy the Poynting vector expression:
!
[( ) ( )]
E (z , t ) = ! (3.00 V/m )cos 2.09 m !1 z ! 6.28 "108 s !1 t ˆj
(c) Use its definition to express and evaluate the Poynting vector:
!
S (z , t ) =
1 ! ! " (3.00 V/m ) 10 "8 T
E!B =
( ) [( ) ( ) ]( )
cos 2 2.09 m "1 z " 6.28 !108 s "1 t ˆj ! iˆ
"7
µ0 4# !10 N/A 2
or
!
( ) [( ) (
S (z , t ) = 23.9 mW/m 2 cos 2 2.09 m !1 z ! 6.28 "108 s !1 t kˆ)]
!
The intensity of the wave is the I=S= 1
2 (23.9 mW/m )
2
6. T&M 30.P.047
Solution:
7. T&M 31.P.051
What is the polarizing angle for light in air that is incident on the
following?
(a) water (n = 1.33) (a) glass (n = 1.50)
Solution:
8. T&M 31.P.053
Solution:
Picture the Problem Let In be the intensity after the nth polarizing sheet and use
I = I 0 cos 2 ! to find the intensity of the light transmitted through all three sheets
for θ = 45° and θ = 30°.
The intensity of the light between the I 2 = I1 cos 2 !1, 2 = 12 I 0 cos 2 45° = 14 I 0
second and third sheets is:
The intensity of the light that has I 3 = I 2 cos 2 ! 2,3 = 14 I 0 cos 2 45° = 1
8 I0
passed through the third sheet is:
The intensity of the light between the I 2 = I1 cos 2 !1, 2 = 12 I 0 cos 2 30° = 83 I 0
second and third sheets is:
The intensity of the light that has I 3 = I 2 cos 2 ! 2,3 = 83 I 0 cos 2 60° = 3
32 I0
passed through the third sheet is: