International Journal of Recent Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJRAET)

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Design of Rural Water Supply System for Village Navadagi (B) using
Loop Software
1
Arati Shetkar, 2Nagesh Hanche, 3Devendra Hanche, 4Shashishankar A
1
Civil Engineer, SGHIC, Kalaburagi, Karnataka India.
2
Assitant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Central University of Karnataka,
affiliated to MHRD, Government of India, New Delhi, India.
3
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Raichur, Karnataka.
4
Professor & Head, School of Engineering, Jain University, Bangalore.

Abstract : In order to direct water to many individual in a
municipal water supply many times water is routed
through water supply network. A major part of this
network consists of interconnected pipes. This network
creates a special class of problem in hydraulic design
typically referred to as pipe network analysis. The modern
solution for this is to use special software in order to
automatically solve the problems. However the problem
can also addressed with simpler method like a spread sheet
equipped with solver or a modern graphical calculator.
Designing of water supply distribution pipe network using
loop – 4 software is a new approach as compared to loop
version 3 here an attempt is made to reduce the clumsy and
lengthy manual calculation to provide accurate values and
to eliminate manual mistakes.
We are interested in Loop-4 software as it is being used in
11 districts of north Karnataka namely Uttar kannada,
Belgaum, Bijapur, Bagalkot , Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri,
Bidar,Gulbarga, Raichur, Koppal , for rural water supply
design under the implementation of the world bank
assisted Karnataka integrated rural water supply and
environmental sanitation project ” Jal nirmal project” for
the project period july 2010 -30th june 2013.
I. INTRODUCTION
1. GENERAL
General menu organization in loop’s main menu:
1.1 SUMMARY OF KEYS IN DATA ENTRY
ENVIRONMENT
Explanation to the various preprogrammed function
keys available in data entry is as bellow.
1.1.2 Function keys
[F1]  Pressing this key provides a pop up screen having
helpful context specific help. If sound is chosen as “Y”
in the configuration option, then the help full text is
“piped” to the window with an emulation of the sound
of the typewriter.
[SHIFT] + [F1]-Display a text showing a summary of
features of both ordinary keys as well as function keys
reserved for editing facilities.
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[F2] Inserts a line at the cursor position.
[F3] Delete a line at cursor position.
[F4] Appends a line at the bottom of the data entry
screen.
[F5] Copies a value down the cursor position in the
same column, user is asked to specify the desire number
of times copying is to be done of this value.
[F6] Does mathematical manipulations to the value at
the cursor such as,
*(Multiply)
/ (Divide)
+ (Add) or
-(Subtract)
User is asked to specify the desire number of rows down
the cursor position such a Mathematical operation is to
be done this facility is powerful to transform the
columnar data by only a couple of keystrokes.
[F7] display the total of all values down the cursor
position. This facility is useful to obtain instant total of
fields such as flows, lengths etc…
[F8]  This a special key designated to mark the existing
pipes on the pipe data(Screen-2). [SHIFT] + [F8]-This
special key designed to mark the parallel pipes in the
pipe data (Scr-2) screen.
[F9]  Searches the specified value in the column where
the cursor is positioned and if the search is successful
then shifts the location of cursor to the matching value.
[F10]  This is special available only in the first data
entry screen which when presser allows the user to over
type the number of and number of nodes.
It is to be noted all of the above keys may not be
available for each screen or for each an every columns
of a particular screen for example keys such as
[F5],[F7],and[F9] are not available in first and thirteenth
 International Journal of Recent Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJRAET)
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screens and keys such as [F5],and[F6] does not work on developed and distributed under the joint efforts of
pipe number ,from node and to node of pipe data (Scr-2) UNDP/World Bank. Apart from loop UNDP/World
screen and node number of node data (Scr-3) screen. bank distributed another program called flow (written in
MS FORTAN 4.0) Flow has more features and
1.1.3 ORDINARY KEYS
capabilities than loop (version 3.0) but is for less user
Key to be pressed facility offered friendly for regular use. Loop version 4.0 is addition to
<RIGHT> Move right one character other technical details, has exploited part of the code of
<LEFT> Move left one character to flow and of the same time enhanced the user interface to
previous field result into a more powerful and effective, program.
<ENTER> Accept entry
Loop version 4.0, here in referred as only loop, could be
<HOME> Move to first character
used for the design and simulation of new, partially or
<END> Move to end of box
fully existing gravity as well as pumped water
<CTRL+HOME> Delete from cursor position to
distribution systems. It allows for reservoirs (both with
first character
fixed head and variable head viz, pumps) valves
<CTRL+END> Delete from cursor position to
(pressure reducing as well as check valves) and on time
last character
booster pumps loop has been programmed in Microsoft
<INS> Insert space in between two
Quick BASIC.
character
<DEL> Delete a character at cursor III. SURVEY WORK
position
<BKS PACE> Delete a character before curser Table.1 Salient features of Navadgi(B) village
position Sl. Particulars Description
<TAB> Move to next screen No.
<SHIFT> + <TAB> Move to previous screen 1 Location Navadgi (B) GP:Holkunda
<PGUP> Go to previous page of the same Tq:Gulbarga
screen 2 Population
<PGDN> Go to next of the two character a) 2001 Actual 810
b) 2011 Estimated 948
II. LITERATURE REVIEW c) 2031 Projected 1297
3 Households
2.1 Purpose a) 2001 Actual 142
Design of water supply using modern softwares to get b) 2011 Estimated 166
better distribution of water in rural areas. c) 2031 Projected 227
4 Water Demand (KL)
2.2 Introduction a) 2001 52.41
b) 2011 61.34
Water is the basic need of human beings for his survival.
c) 2031 83.92
Without food person can live for several days but 5 Per capita supply
without water he cannot. a) 2010 25.28 lpcd
As there is no proper water supply system in villages of b) 2031 Projected 55 lpcd
our country, it is creating many problems for villagers. 6 Socio-economic
Till today people in villages walk for miles to bring condition
a) Anganawadi centre One
water, stand in queen and fight with each other to get
b) Primary School One
water. For this purpose a proper network of water supply
c) Higher Primary One
is essential in rural areas. School
2.3 Description d) Bus route 2 Kms from GP & 30 Kms
from Gulbarga.
Purpose of this project is to design rural water supply e) Availability of 8 Hours
and design of network of pipes and over head tank with Power
estimation of cost. It is a software based design in which 7 Water supply Existing Proposed
softwares namely Loop-4, Excell and Autocad are to be Rising Main (mtr) - 1318m
used. This project work initially includes survey work in Distribution Main - 1787m
village using modern survey instruments. Then village (mtr)
map and layout of distribution system of pipe network Storage Tanks 8 cisterns 50 kl OHT
and water tank are to be drawn in Autocad software, Private House - 136
Connection
Loop-4 and Excell softwares are to be used for design of
Public Stand Post 20 Nil
water supply and pipelines.
3.1 VILLAGE PROFILE LOCATION:
2.4 About loop-4 software
Village : Navadgi (B)
Loop version 4.0 is an entirely new version of the earlier
G.P. : Holkunda
program loop version 3.0 (written in IBM BASIC)
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Taluka : Gulbarga Population projections have been made by using

District : Gulbarga following methods:
Navadgi (B) village: i) Incremental increase method
The Navadgi (B) is located in Holkunda Gram ii) Arithmetic progression method
panchayat of Gulbarga taluka in Gulbarga district. The
iii) Geometric progression method
Navadgi (B) is at a distance of 2 kms from GP head
quarter and 30 kms from taluka & district head quarter, Projections computed by these three methods are
i.e., Gulbarga compared with the projections by assuming average
National Growth Rate of 1.7% per year.
Existing water supply system:
While deciding and finalizing projections, maximum
The existing water supply system to Navadgi (B) village
figures out of four methods are considered and the
is ground water based combined MWS & direct
maximum figure is rounded to next 100 for adoption of
pumping system. In MWS system water is supplied
prospective population.
through 8 cisterns, out of which 2 are not working.
Further, in direct pumping system water is supplied These projections for the Navadgi (B) is carried out and
through 20 stand posts. The existing bore well source details are given below
with 3” yield is good and reliable. However, there is no
storage facility apart from the cistern and hence, the 4.1.2 Population forecast
villagers face drinking water problem during non power Table.2 Population census data
supply hours. Hence, up gradation of the existing
system is necessary with provision for additional source, Census Year Population
storage facilities, and new distribution system. 1961 402
1971 516
The road condition in the village is moderate and the 1981 525
major roads in the village are covered with 500m CC 1991 801
roads; 1300m earthen road; 800mtr Asphalt roads and 2001 810
400m Slab roads. But, the drainage facility in the village Table.3
is poor as no roads are provided with any lined or i) Incremental increase method:
unlined drains. However, in the present Addl. Financing % of
Sl. Year of Increase/ Incremental
Scheme only water supply is provided. No. Census
Population
Decade
Increase in
Increase
Population
Proposed water supply system: 1 1961 402
2 1971 516 114 28
Up gradation from MWS to PWS has been proposed. 3 1981 525 9 2 -105
4 1991 801 276 53 267
Based on the projected population the water demand for 5 2001 810 9 1 -267
the Navadgi (B) village has been worked out to be 78.5 408 84 -105
KL. This demand is proposed to be met from the
existing bore well source. This source is proposed to be 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
connected to proposed ELSR through new rising main 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 /𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑋 = = 102
𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒
PVC pipe line of 75mm 10ksc for 1318m length. Based
Net Incremental Increase (Y) = -105
on the total water demand and designing OHT capacity
for half day requirement, a new 50 kl OHT of 7.5m Average Incremental Increase (Z) = -53
staging has been proposed. Further, a new distribution
network with single zone has been proposed. In Population Forecast for 2011 =P2001+(X+Z)Xn
addition the other water supply components like Where n= No. of Decades
pumping machinery etc., are proposed in the new
system. Population in 2011 860
Population in 2021 909
IV. DESIGN OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM Population in 2031 959

4.1 DETERMINATION OF FUTURE ii) Arithmatical increase method

POPULATION Population Forecast for 2011 =P2001+(X)Xn
4.1.1 Projection Where n= No. of Decades
For estimating population for the prospective years,we Population in 2011 912
have used various methods with due considerations of
available resources and expansion possibilities. These Population in 2021 1014
projections have been made on trend of growth of Population in 2031 1116
population during last three decades i.e., for the period
1971 to 2001. iii) Geometrical increase method:

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𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 % 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 Table. 4 National average growth method:

𝑴= = 𝟐𝟏
𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝑫𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒔 Population Base Increase Design
Population Forecast for 2011 =P2001X (1+M/100) n in the Population % per Population
Where n= No. of Decades Year 2001 Decade
Population in 2011 980 2011 810 17 948
Population in 2021 1185 2021 948 17 1109
Population in 2031 1433 2031 1109 17 1297
Table.5 Final prediction:
Population as per Difference w.r.t
Sl. Population Population
Method Used Average National Average National
No. for 2031 Adopted
Growth for 2031 Growth Method
1 Incremental Increase Method 959 339
2 Arithmetical Increase Method 1116 1297 181 1297
3 Geometrical Increase Method 1433 -136

4.1.3 Recommendation for projected population Sl. DESCRIPTION (Refer RESULTS

No. Longitudinal section)
As the Projected population for the year 2031 calculated
1 Design Population 1297
as per the National average growth is more than the
population calculated by other methods, population of 2 Per capita Demand (lpcd) 55
1297 has been adopted for the year 2031. 3 Value of HWC 145
4 Total Demand 71335.00
4.2 DESIGN OF RISING MAIN 5 Total Demand Considering 83923.53
4.2.1 Raising main 15% loss
6 Required Yield of the Open 10490.44
To find the most economical diameter, the discharge is Well (lph)
first found out from the projected population. Initially 4 7 Number of Hours of 8.00
or 5 diameters for raising main are selected and the Pumping
velocity in each diameter pipe found out on the basis of 8 Required Yield of the Open 2.9140
corresponding discharge in each diameter pipe. Well (lps)
The frictional losses in pipes are calculated by Hazan 9 C=Hazen Williams Constant 145
William’s formula. Other losses due to specials, bends for Pipe material
etc are taken 10% of frictional losses. Total head is the 10 L=Total Length or 1318.00
summation of friction loss, other losses, delivery head, horizontal length =
suction head and residual head, using discharge and total L1+L2+L3+L4
head .Break horse power of the pump is determined. 11 SH= Suction Head for 0.00
Then cost of pumping machinery, energy charges, Submersible pump (m)
operation and maintenance charges are worked out for 12 DH= Delivery = 45.95
each raising main diameter pipe. Based on the higher H1+H2+H3+H4 (Refer
velocity, minimum cost, most economical size of raising sketch)
main is finally determined. Design head is the greater of 13 RH=Residual Head (m) 3.00
head of pumping main plus water hammer head, and two 14 RL of the Pump Set = (RL 426.14
times static head. Then from the design head required of Open Well - Pump Set
pressure class of pipe is determined. Level (m)
INPUT DATA FOR RAISING MAIN 15 RL of PRO Open Well 441.14
Village : NAVADAGI, Gp: HALKUNDA, Dist : 16 Full Supply Level (FSL) = 472.08
GULBARGA H4+H3+RL of the ground at
Borewell to Proposed ELSR (50KL) ELSR point (m)

Village : Navadagi, Gp : Halkunda, Dist Gulbarga

Economical Section of Rising Main From
Borewell to Proposed ELSR (50 KL)
Sl. No. Description 75 90 110 140 160
1 Discharge in (LPS) 2.914 2.914 2.914 2.914 2.914
2 Pumping Hours (hrs) 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
3 Value of HWC for pipe 145 145 145 145 145
4 Length of rising main (m) 1318.00 1318.00 1318.00 1318.00 1318.00
5 Loss per 1000m length (m) 9.4621 3.8842 1.4399 0.4468 0.2319
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6 Actal friction loss (m) 12.4710 5.1193 1.8979 0.5889 0.3056

7 Frictional losses in specials, bends etc. 1.2471 0.5119 0.1898 0.0589 0.0306
8 Delivery Head (m) (pump level to FSL) 45.945 45.945 45.945 45.945 45.945
9 Section Head (m) 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
10 Residual Head (m) 3.00 3.000 3.000 3.000 3.000
11 Total Head (m) 62.663 54.576 51.033 49.593 49.281
12 BHP (60% EFFICIENCY) 4.058 3.534 3.305 3.211 3.191
13 KW required 3.027 2.636 2.465 2.396 2.381
14 Cost of pumping machinery at 4000 per 16231.21 14136.52 13218.64 12815.69 12764.96
BHP
15 Energy charges per year (0.746* punping 28727.37 25020.01 23395.47 22735.39 22593.52
hrs*365*hp* Energy Chrges)
16 M&R Depreciation Charges (at 7.5% of 1060.24 991.40 991.40 963.43 957.37
item 14)
17 Total O & M Charges 29787.61 26011.41 24386.87 23698.82 23549.89
18 Capitalised value of O &M charges 199159.95 173912.27 163050.61 158450.29 157454.55
19 Cost of pipe Rs/ per m 66.00 91.00 130.25 225.25 300.25
20 Total cost of pipes 86988.00 119938.00 171669.50 296879.50 395729.50
21 Grand total of capitalised cost for 10 302,379 307,987 347,939 468,175 565,949
years
Forfit the table it is seen that most economical size of rising main is 75 mm dia
Water Hammer design for rising main
Sl. No. Description 75 90 110 140 160
1 Dia (mm) (inner dia) 69.30 83.20 102.00 129.70 148.40
2 Type of Pipe PVC PVC PVC PVC PVC
3 Pipe rating (KSC) 6 6 6 6 6
4 Length (m) 1318.00 1318 1318 1318 1318
5 Discharge (Cumecs) 0.002914 0.002914 0.002914 0.002914 0.002914
6 R. L. at GL (m) 441.14 441.14 441.14 441.14 441.14
7 Fullsupply level 472.08 472.08 472.08 472.08 472.08
8 Head of pumping main 30.95 30.95 30.95 30.95 30.95
9 Thickness (mm) 2.850 3.400 4.000 5.150 5.800
10 Area of pipe (sqm) 0.00377 0.00544 0.00817 0.01322 0.01730
11 Velocity (m/s) 0.772 0.536 0.356 0.220 0.168
12 Pressure wave velocity (m/s) 337.967 336.957 330.458 332.410 329.931
13 Water hammer pressure (m) 26.605 18.403 12.008 7.471 5.664
Options for selection of Design Pressures
14 (1) Design Pressure= Static Head + 57.55 49.35 42.95 38.42 36.61
Water Hammer Head
15 (2) Design Pressure = 2* Static Head 61.89 61.89 61.89 61.89 61.89
16 Design Head (m) 61.89 61.89 61.89 61.89 61.89
17 Total Pressure (KSC) 6.1890 6.1890 6.1890 6.1890 6.1890
18 Required Pressure Class of Pipe 6 6 6 6 6
Based on economical & water hammer analysis pipe of 75mm 10 ksc is selected

4.3 DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

VILLAGE : NAVADAGI
Pipe From To Length Node Elevation Flow Node Elevation Flow Flow
No. Node Node
1 100 7 140 7 460.511 0.071 1 453.425 0.010 0.010
2 7 13 61 13 457.622 0.031 2 451.270 0.051 0.051
3 7 8 154 8 458.921 0.078 3 452.283 0.043 0.043
4 13 11 10 11 457.266 0.005 4 452.018 0.007 0.007
5 11 6 36 6 454.614 0.018 5 453.756 0.008 0.008
6 6 26 22 26 454.870 0.011 6 454.614 0.018 0.018
7 6 5 16 5 453.756 0.008 7 460.511 0.071 0.071
8 5 3 85 3 452.283 0.043 8 458.921 0.078 0.078
9 3 30 22 30 453.601 0.011 11 457.266 0.005 0.005
10 3 4 14 4 452.018 0.007 12 456.166 0.020 0.020
11 5 1 20 1 453.425 0.010 13 457.622 0.031 0.031
12 1 27 51 27 454.663 0.026 14 458.309 0.008 0.008
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13 1 29 34 29 453.480 0.017 15 458.186 0.056

14 29 28 50 28 454.955 0.025 15 458.186 0.022 0.078
15 29 2 100 2 451.270 0.051 16 458.219 0.017 0.017
16 13 14 16 14 458.309 0.008 17 457.836 0.017 0.017
17 14 18 48 18 457.018 0.024 18 457.018 0.024
18 11 12 40 12 456.166 0.020 18 157.018 0.011 0.038
19 14 15 110 15 458.186 0.056 19 455.701 0.026 0.026
20 12 18 22 18 457.018 0.011 20 452.701 0.026 0.026
21 18 17 33 17 457.336 0.017 21 448.136 0.101 0.101
22 17 16 33 16 458.219 0.017 22 455.816 0.029 0.029
23 16 16 44 15 458.186 0.022 23 455.606 0.029
24 15 25 15 25 458.171 0.008 23 455.606 0.026 0.055
25 8 25 47 25 458.171 0.024 24 454.311 0.015 0.015
26 25 23 57 23 455.606 0.029 25 458.171 0.008
27 23 24 29 24 454.311 0.015 25 458.171 0.024 0.031
28 12 19 51 19 455.416 0.026 26 454.870 0.011 0.011
29 19 31 17 31 454.575 0.009 27 454.663 0.026 0.026
30 19 20 51 20 452.701 0.026 28 454.955 0.025 0.025
31 20 21 198 21 448.136 0.101 29 453.48 0.017 0.017
32 20 22 57 22 455.816 0.029 30 453.601 0.011 0.011
33 22 32 53 32 455.899 0.027 31 454.575 0.009 0.009
34 22 23 51 23 455.606 0.026 32 455.999 0.027 0.027
1781 0.908 0.908 0.908
Population
2001 810
2011 948
2021 1109
2031 1297
Per Capit 55
Distribution Total Flow
0.0785 Mid
Avg. Flow in Lps 0.9084 lps
Total Length 1787 m
Avg. Flow in 0.00051 Lps /m
ELSR RL 461.781

LOOP
Version 4.0
Looped Water Distribution Network Design Program
LOOP: Looped Water Distribution Design Program - (C) The World Bank
Output Data File : NAVADAGI.OUT 20 December 2010 Page # 1
Echoing Input Variables
------------------------

Title of the Project : JAL NIRMAL PROJECT

Name of the User : STC
Number of Pipes : 34
Number of Nodes : 31
Type of Pipe Materials Used : PV/
Number of Commercial Dia per Material : 4/
Peak Design Factor : 6
Newton-Raphson Stopping Criterion lps : .001
Minimum Pressure m : 8
Maximum Pressure m : 40
Design Hydraulic Gradient m in km : 1
Simulate or Design? (S/D) : D
No. of Res. Nodes with Fixed HGL : 1
No. of Res. Nodes with Variable HGL :
No. of Booster Pumps :
No. of Pressure Reducing Valves :
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No. of Check Valves :

Type of Formula : Hazen's

Pipe Data
------------
===================================================================
Pipe From To Length Diameter Hazen's Pipe Status
No. Node Node m mm Const Material (E/P)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1 100 7 140.00 104.5 145.00000 PV
2 7 13 61.00 104.5 145.00000 PV
3 7 8 154.00 85.3 145.00000 PV
4 13 11 10.00 104.5 145.00000 PV
5 11 6 36.00 85.3 145.00000 PV
6 6 26 22.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
7 6 5 16.00 71.0 145.00000 PV
8 5 3 85.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
9 3 30 22.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
10 3 4 14.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
11 5 1 20.00 71.0 145.00000 PV
12 1 27 51.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
13 1 29 34.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
14 29 28 50.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
15 29 2 100.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
16 13 14 16.00 71.0 145.00000 PV
17 14 18 48.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
18 11 12 40.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
19 14 15 110.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
20 12 18 22.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
21 18 17 33.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
22 17 16 33.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
LOOP: Looped Water Distribution Design Program - (C) The World Bank

Output Data File : NAVADAGI.OUT 20 December 2010 Page # 2

Pipe Data cont`d

-------------------

===================================================================
Pipe From To Length Diameter Hazen's Pipe Status
No. Node Node m mm Const Material (E/P)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
23 16 15 44.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
24 15 25 15.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
25 8 25 47.00 71.0 145.00000 PV
26 25 23 57.00 71.0 145.00000 PV
27 23 24 29.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
28 12 19 51.00 71.0 145.00000 PV
29 19 31 17.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
30 19 20 51.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
31 20 21 198.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
32 20 22 57.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
33 22 32 53.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
34 22 23 51.00 59.6 145.00000 PV
===================================================================

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Node Data
-----------
=============================================================
Node Peak Flow Elevation Min Press Max Press
No. lps m m m
-------------------------------------------------------------
1 6.00 -0.010 453.42 8.00 40.00
2 6.00 -0.051 451.27 8.00 40.00
3 6.00 -0.043 452.28 8.00 40.00
4 6.00 -0.007 452.02 8.00 40.00
5 6.00 -0.008 453.76 8.00 40.00
6 6.00 -0.018 454.61 8.00 40.00
7 6.00 -0.071 460.51 8.00 40.00
8 6.00 -0.078 458.92 8.00 40.00
11 6.00 -0.005 457.27 8.00 40.00
12 6.00 -0.020 456.17 8.00 40.00
13 6.00 -0.031 457.62 8.00 40.00
14 6.00 -0.008 458.31 8.00 40.00
15 6.00 -0.078 458.19 8.00 40.00
16 6.00 -0.017 458.22 8.00 40.00
17 6.00 -0.017 457.84 8.00 40.00
18 6.00 -0.036 457.02 8.00 40.00
19 6.00 -0.026 455.42 8.00 40.00
20 6.00 -0.026 452.70 8.00 40.00
21 6.00 -0.101 448.14 8.00 40.00
22 6.00 -0.029 455.82 8.00 40.00
23 6.00 -0.055 455.61 8.00 40.00
24 6.00 -0.015 454.31 8.00 40.00
25 6.00 -0.031 458.17 8.00 40.00
LOOP: Looped Water Distribution Design Program - (C) The World Bank

Output Data File : NAVADAGI.OUT 20 December 2010 Page # 3

Node Data cont`d
------------------
=============================================================
Node Peak Flow Elevation Min Press Max Press
No. lps m m m
-------------------------------------------------------------
26 6.00 -0.011 454.87 8.00 40.00
27 6.00 -0.026 454.66 8.00 40.00
28 6.00 -0.025 454.95 8.00 40.00
29 6.00 -0.017 453.48 8.00 40.00
30 6.00 -0.011 453.60 8.00 40.00
31 6.00 -0.009 454.58 8.00 40.00
32 6.00 -0.027 455.90 8.00 40.00
100 6.00 0.000 461.78 8.00 40.00
=============================================================

Fixed Head Reservoir Data

---------------------------
=============================
Source Head Ref Res?
Node m (R)
-----------------------------
100 469.82 R
=============================

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Commercial Diameter Data

--------------------------
=========================================================
Pipe Dia. Hazen's Unit Cost Allow Press Pipe
Int. (mm) Const Rs /m length m Material
---------------------------------------------------------
59.6 145.00000 37.25 40.00 PV
71.0 145.00000 50.50 40.00 PV
85.3 145.00000 68.50 40.00 PV
104.5 145.00000 95.00 40.00 PV
=========================================================
Looped Water Distribution Network Design OutPut
-------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
BandWidth = 4
Number of Loops = 4
Newton Raphson Iterations = 4
--------------------------------------
LOOP: Looped Water Distribution Design Program - (C) The World Bank
Output Data File : NAVADAGI.OUT 20 December 2010 Page # 4
Pipe Details
---------------
=========================================================================
Pipe From To Flow Dia HL HL/1000m Length Velocity
No. Node Node (lps) (mm) (m ) (m ) (m ) (m/s )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 100 7 5.442 104.5 0.57 4.07 140.00 0.63
2 7 13 3.539 104.5 0.11 1.84 61.00 0.41
3 7 8 1.477 85.3 0.15 0.98 154.00 0.26
4 13 11 2.209 104.5 0.01 0.77 10.00 0.26
5 11 6 1.362 85.3 0.03 0.84 36.00 0.24
6 6 26 0.066 59.6 0.00 0.02 22.00 0.02
7 6 5 1.188 71.0 0.03 1.60 16.00 0.30
8 5 3 0.366 59.6 0.04 0.42 85.00 0.13
9 3 30 0.066 59.6 0.00 0.02 22.00 0.02
10 3 4 0.042 59.6 0.00 0.01 14.00 0.02
11 5 1 0.774 71.0 0.01 0.72 20.00 0.20
12 1 27 0.156 59.6 0.00 0.09 51.00 0.06
13 1 29 0.558 59.6 0.03 0.93 34.00 0.20
14 29 28 0.150 59.6 0.00 0.08 50.00 0.05
15 29 2 0.306 59.6 0.03 0.30 100.00 0.11
16 13 14 1.144 71.0 0.02 1.49 16.00 0.29
17 14 18 0.639 59.6 0.06 1.19 48.00 0.23
18 11 12 0.817 59.6 0.07 1.87 40.00 0.29
19 14 15 0.457 59.6 0.07 0.64 110.00 0.16
20 12 18 -0.144 59.6 -0.00 -0.08 22.00 -0.05
21 18 17 0.279 59.6 0.01 0.26 33.00 0.10
22 17 16 0.177 59.6 0.00 0.11 33.00 0.06
23 16 15 0.075 59.6 0.00 0.02 44.00 0.03
24 15 25 0.064 59.6 0.00 0.02 15.00 0.02
25 8 25 1.009 71.0 0.06 1.18 47.00 0.25
26 25 23 0.887 71.0 0.05 0.93 57.00 0.22
27 23 24 0.090 59.6 0.00 0.03 29.00 0.03
28 12 19 0.841 71.0 0.04 0.84 51.00 0.21
29 19 31 0.054 59.6 0.00 0.01 17.00 0.02
30 19 20 0.631 59.6 0.06 1.16 51.00 0.23
31 20 21 0.606 59.6 0.21 1.08 198.00 0.22
32 20 22 -0.131 59.6 -0.00 -0.06 57.00 -0.05
33 22 32 0.162 59.6 0.00 0.09 53.00 0.06
34 22 23 -0.467 59.6 -0.03 -0.67 51.00 -0.17

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Note: Negative value indicates the flow in reverse direction in that Pipe
=========================================================================
LOOP: Looped Water Distribution Design Program - (C) The World Bank
Output Data File : NAVADAGI.OUT 20 December 2010 Page # 5
Pipe Pressure Details
-----------------------
=======================================================================
Pipe From To Dia Hazen's Pipe Max Press Allow Press Status
No. Node Node (mm) Const Material (m ) (m ) (E/P)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 100 7 104.5 145.00000 PV 8.74 40.00
2 7 13 104.5 145.00000 PV 11.52 40.00
3 7 8 85.3 145.00000 PV 10.18 40.00
4 13 11 104.5 145.00000 PV 11.86 40.00
5 11 6 85.3 145.00000 PV 14.49 40.00
6 6 26 59.6 145.00000 PV 14.49 40.00
7 6 5 71.0 145.00000 PV 15.31 40.00
8 5 3 59.6 145.00000 PV 16.76 40.00
9 3 30 59.6 145.00000 PV 16.76 40.00
10 3 4 59.6 145.00000 PV 17.02 40.00
11 5 1 71.0 145.00000 PV 15.64 40.00
12 1 27 59.6 145.00000 PV 15.64 40.00
13 1 29 59.6 145.00000 PV 15.64 40.00
14 29 28 59.6 145.00000 PV 15.55 40.00
15 29 2 59.6 145.00000 PV 17.73 40.00
16 13 14 71.0 145.00000 PV 11.52 40.00
17 14 18 59.6 145.00000 PV 12.04 40.00
18 11 12 59.6 145.00000 PV 12.88 40.00
19 14 15 59.6 145.00000 PV 10.85 40.00
20 12 18 59.6 145.00000 PV 12.88 40.00
21 18 17 59.6 145.00000 PV 12.04 40.00
22 17 16 59.6 145.00000 PV 11.21 40.00
23 16 15 59.6 145.00000 PV 10.85 40.00
24 15 25 59.6 145.00000 PV 10.87 40.00
25 8 25 71.0 145.00000 PV 10.87 40.00
26 25 23 71.0 145.00000 PV 13.38 40.00
27 23 24 59.6 145.00000 PV 14.68 40.00
28 12 19 71.0 145.00000 PV 13.59 40.00
29 19 31 59.6 145.00000 PV 14.43 40.00
30 19 20 59.6 145.00000 PV 16.25 40.00
31 20 21 59.6 145.00000 PV 20.60 40.00
32 20 22 59.6 145.00000 PV 16.25 40.00
33 22 32 59.6 145.00000 PV 13.14 40.00
34 22 23 59.6 145.00000 PV 13.38 40.00
=======================================================================
LOOP: Looped Water Distribution Design Program - (C) The World Bank
Output Data File : NAVADAGI.OUT 20 December 2010 Page # 6
Node Details
--------------
=======================================================
Node Flow Elev. H G L Pressure
No. (lps) (m ) (m ) (m )
-------------------------------------------------------
1 -0.060 453.42 469.06 15.64
2 -0.306 451.27 469.00 17.73
3 -0.258 452.28 469.04 16.76
4 -0.042 452.02 469.04 17.02
5 -0.048 453.76 469.07 15.31
6 -0.108 454.61 469.10 14.49
7 -0.426 460.51 469.25 8.74
8 -0.468 458.92 469.10 10.18

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11 -0.030 457.27 469.13 11.86

12 -0.120 456.17 469.05 12.88
13 -0.186 457.62 469.14 11.52
14 -0.048 458.31 469.11 10.80
15 -0.468 458.19 469.04 10.85
16 -0.102 458.22 469.04 10.82
17 -0.102 457.84 469.05 11.21
18 -0.216 457.02 469.06 12.04
19 -0.156 455.42 469.01 13.59
20 -0.156 452.70 468.95 16.25
21 -0.606 448.14 468.74 20.60
22 -0.174 455.82 468.96 13.14
23 -0.330 455.61 468.99 13.38
24 -0.090 454.31 468.99 14.68
25 -0.186 458.17 469.04 10.87
26 -0.066 454.87 469.10 14.23
27 -0.156 454.66 469.05 14.39
28 -0.150 454.95 469.02 14.07
29 -0.102 453.48 469.03 15.55
30 -0.066 453.60 469.04 15.44
31 -0.054 454.58 469.01 14.43
32 -0.162 455.90 468.95 13.05
100 S 5.442 461.78 469.82 8.04
=======================================================
Pipe Cost Summary
-------------------
=========================================================
Diameter Pipe Length Cost Cum. Cost
(mm) Material (m ) (1000 Rs ) (1000 Rs )
---------------------------------------------------------
59.6 PV 1179.00 43.92 43.92
71.0 PV 207.00 10.45 54.37
85.3 PV 190.00 13.02 67.39
104.5 PV 211.00 20.05 87.43
=========================================================
LOOP: Looped Water Distribution Design Program - (C) The World Bank
Output Data File : NAVADAGI.OUT 20 December 2010 Page # 7

Pipe-wise Cost Summary

------------------------
===============================================================
Pipe Diameter Pipe Length Cost Cum. Cost
No (mm) Material (m ) (1000 Rs ) (1000 Rs )
---------------------------------------------------------------
1 104.5 PV 140.00 13.30 13.30
2 104.5 PV 61.00 5.80 19.09
3 85.3 PV 154.00 892.43 911.53
4 104.5 PV 10.00 0.95 912.47
5 85.3 PV 36.00 34.20 946.67
6 59.6 PV 22.00 752.40 1699.07
7 71.0 PV 16.00 0.81 1699.88
8 59.6 PV 85.00 68.68 1768.56
9 59.6 PV 22.00 1510.96 3279.52
10 59.6 PV 14.00 21153.44 24432.96
11 71.0 PV 20.00 1.01 24433.97
12 59.6 PV 51.00 51.51 24485.48
13 59.6 PV 34.00 1751.34 26236.82
14 59.6 PV 50.00 87567.00 113803.82
15 59.6 PV 100.00 8756700.00 8870504.00
16 71.0 PV 16.00 0.81 8870505.00
17 59.6 PV 48.00 38.78 8870544.00

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18 59.6 PV 40.00 1551.36 8872096.00

19 59.6 PV 110.00 170649.59 9042745.00
20 59.6 PV 22.00 3754291.25 12797037.00
21 59.6 PV 33.00 123891616.00 136688656.00
22 59.6 PV 33.00 %4088423168.00 %4225112064.00
23 59.6 PV 44.00 %179890634752.00 %184115740672.00
24 59.6 PV 15.00 %2698359341056.00 %2882475130880.00
25 71.0 PV 47.00 2.37 %2882475130880.00
26 71.0 PV 57.00 2.88 %2882475130880.00
27 59.6 PV 29.00 83.48 %2882475130880.00
28 71.0 PV 51.00 2.58 %2882475130880.00
29 59.6 PV 17.00 43.78 %2882475130880.00
30 59.6 PV 51.00 2232.96 %2882475130880.00
31 59.6 PV 198.00 442125.78 %2882475655168.00
32 59.6 PV 57.00 25201170.00 %2882501083136.00
33 59.6 PV 53.00 %1335662080.00 %2883836706816.00
34 59.6 PV 51.00 %68118765568.00 %2951955349504.00
==============================================================================
V. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS  Loop-4 software is capable of analyzing and
designing a feasible or workable water
To meet the water demand of the Navadgi village distribution system, but its capacity is limited to
population an existing bore well nearby the village is 1000 pipes and 750 nodes.
taken as source, which has sufficient yield according to
guidance of geologist.  Scheme for workable design is based upon
adjusting the discharges in each pipe of
For the rising main connecting source point and elevated corresponding loop, and checking the available
storage tank for 8 hours of pumping, 75 mm diameter 10 pressure heads with permissible pressure heads
ksc pipe is provided based on the water hammer limits.
analysis. It achieved the economy and has higher
velocity as compared to other commercial diameters of  Accuracy of results, program efficiency,
raising main which are 90mm, 110mm, 140mm, and effectiveness of design, being the main concern
160mm. Velocity in the provided diameter pipe is less of our project, can be obtained by using this
than the maximum permissible limit of 1.2m/s. software.
Elevated storage water tank is designed for half day  As this software is simple, faster, and easy to
water requirement of village population, which reduced handle, it can be preferred for the analysis of
the construction cost of storage tank. It is provided at a distribution pipe network than other software,
staging of 7.5m, which maintained a minimum residual especially for rural areas.
pressure head of 8m at the nodes of distribution
network. Pipe network is analyzed by software for the VII. SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY
flows in each pipe by dividing the network into 4 Scope of the study for further improvements to be made
numbers of loops. for the analysis of water supply pipe network involves
Distribution pipes are designed by providing suitable the particulars shown below.
combination. Results of distribution pipes satisfied the  Identification of deficiencies in software and
desired requirements. Pressure heads obtained by such making necessary corrections.
combination of distribution pipes are within the
maximum and minimum allowable pressure heads at  Increasing the limitations of the software such as
each node of the distribution network. pipe numbers, node numbers etc, so that it can be
used for analyzing the more complex pipe
Discharges in distribution pipes are sufficient to meet networks in towns.
the water demand within 4 hours of supply and
velocities are also within maximum permissible limits.  Updating the software according to the needs of
grooving modern life standards.
Selected combination of diameters of distribution pipes
fulfilling the design requirements worked out to be  Introducing other features such as drawing, design
economical when compared with other combinations. of storage water tank etc in the software to reduce
the use of other software and save cost and time.
VI. CONCLUSION
 Solving the pipe network using other available
Based on the results obtained from the software used for new software and comparing the results with Loop-
designing rural water supply pipelines, following 4 to make the required improvements in software.
conclusions are made.

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 Giving more emphasis on most feasible design and [3] S.C Rangawala “Water Supply and Sanitary
economy of the project. Engineering published by R.T Patel, Rupalee
publication (2008), PPN 112.
REFERENCES
Websites
Text books:
[1] http://www.skat.ch , “review of modeling
[1] Satheesh Gopi, et.al “Advanced surveying (Total software for rapid distribution networks”, 2 nd
station)”, published by Dorling Kindersley edition june 2008.
(India) Pvt.Ltd (2008), PPN 145-151.
[2] http://www.emcentre.com/, “Loop-4 software
[2] S.K Garg “Environmental Engineering  I & II”, manual”.
published by Kanna publishers (2008),PPN 725-
735.


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