Madden 1

Anthony Madden

ENG 1201-509

27 October 2019

Annotated Bibliography

Barnard, Anne. “Climate Change Protests: With Fake Blood, Extinction Rebellion Hits N.Y.”

The New York Times, The New York Times, 7 Oct. 2019,

www.nytimes.com/2019/10/07/nyregion/extinction-rebellion-nyc-

protest.html?searchResultPosition=2.

Tensions about climate change have increased in the United States with protests in New

York City. A group of protestors, who have previously demonstrated in Europe, were

demanding change from the very wealthy people of our society. They used fake blood and

provocative signs to bring focus to their mission in New York’s financial district. They were

largely supported by the tourists and onlookers.

The Author, Anne Barnard wrote this article to give a synopsis and background of the

demonstration earlier this month. It was a mainly informational article to inform the readers of

The New York Times about the event that she attended. Because she was in attendance, this

article is very reliable. On the article’s website, there is a link to information about Anne

Barnard giving her credentials and experience to prove why she is a writer for this very reliable

newspaper. This article will be important to my research paper because it illustrates

that frustrations are increasing because of the lack of progress preventing global warming. It

also shows that less people are putting the blame of climate change on themselves as the

consumer but rather the corporations that are doing the damage.
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Harvey, Jeffrey A., et al. “Internet Blogs, Polar Bears, and Climate-Change Denial by Proxy.”

BioScience, vol. 68, no. 4, Apr. 2018, pp. 281–287. EBSCOhost,

doi:10.1093/biosci/bix133.

Although the nearly all scientists believe that global warming is a man-made problem

that is causing adverse effects and will continue to be destructive for our planet, there are still

people who deny these findings. There are many contributors to the increasing numbers of

climate change deniers, including social media, conservative foundations, various corporations,

and internet bloggers. Most of these blogs, they took stances that were complete

contradictions of scientific studies of the same topics. They use argument techniques that

withdraw evidence that deviates from their opinions leaving readers with a skewed view of the

topic.

The writers of this article were giving information on the methods of climate change

deniers to make others question the science of global warming. This illustrated how people are

persuaded to believe things that are so false. This article was also published in 2018 so it is very

recent information. There were fourteen people who worked on this academic paper whose

credentials and information were provided at the bottom of their paper. Many of them work with

institutes and universities and all are highly qualified to contribute to this academic paper. This

will give me important information about the spread of misinformation on my topic.

Mann, Michael E., and Henrik Selin. “Global Warming.” Encyclopædia Britannica,

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 20 Sept. 2019, www.britannica.com/science/global-

warming.
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This website gives the basic science of how global warming works. It gives definitions

of the main factors of global warming. Radiative forcing is how much a factor of climate change

has on the temperature of the earth. Each factor affects global warming differently and they also

compound together to make their impact much greater.

The purpose of this article is to give readers all the basic information about global

warming to avoid misinformation. It explains the science of climate change in a way that many

people could understand. This article was written this year, so the information is current. The

two authors of the article, Michael E. Mann and Selin Henrik, have links to their credentials to

show that they are reliable sources and are educated about the topic they are writing about.

Encyclopedia Britannica is the website it has been posted on and it is a well know reliable

source. This source is important for my research paper because it gives a large amount

information about the science of climate change research.

Mello, Carlos, Léo Ávila, Marcelo Viola, Nilton Curi, and Lloyd Norton. “Assessing the Climate

Change Impacts on the Rainfall Erosivity throughout the Twenty-First Century in the

Grande River Basin (GRB) Headwaters, Southeastern Brazil.” Environmental Earth

Sciences 73, no. 12 (June 15, 2015): 8683–98. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4033-3.

Climate change has begun to change rain patterns across the globe. This will likely

increase as our planets over all temperature goes up. With an increase of precipitation there will

be an erosion problem created. Erosion can dramatically change landscapes and change

vegetation growing patterns. If plants are affected, CO2 levels in out atmosphere will be

affected. The Grande River Basin in Brazil is an area that will be highly vulnerable to these

changes. This area is being used to study the effect of increased rainfall on erosivity of the area.
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The purpose of this academic article was to explain the data and the findings about

increased precipitation and erosion caused by global warming. The authors had written this for

an educated audience looking for scientific research on the topic. The article was written within

the last five years so it is recent. It was written by five people who have given their

credentials and qualifications within their article. This article is relevant because it

shows the many ways that climate change will affect the people of the earth.

Scott, Parker, Bridie, and Roselyn Kumar. “Fijian Adolescents’ Understanding and Evaluation of

Climate Change: Implications for Enabling Effective Future Adaptation.” Asia Pacific

Viewpoint, vol. 59, no. 1, Apr. 2018, pp. 47–59. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/apv.12184.

Fiji is a country that is already being affected by global warming and is very vulnerable

to the effects of future global warming. They are at risk of raising sea levels pushing back their

coastlines, erosion of their land by increased rainfall, salination of their freshwater rivers and

lakes, and effects on their plant life and crops. Their country does not value the views of the

younger people of their country, but they will be the people most affected by climate change.

The young people of Fiji want to find ways to make their voices heard to make more drastic

advances toward change.

This article points out the importance of having the younger members of society express

their opinions and ideas about the policies of their country regarding climate change. This

explains how they may have different ideas that may work when other ideas have not worked

before. The two authors, Bridie Scott-Parker and Roselyn Kumar give their credentials in the

article which explains why they are qualified to write on this topic. This article was also written
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last year so this information is still very reliable. This article shows that their may be different

ways of finding creative ideas about climate change if we look past the social norms of our past.

Spence, Alexa, et al. “The Psychological Distance of Climate Change.” Risk Analysis: An

International Journal, vol. 32, no. 6, June 2012, pp. 957–972. EBSCOhost,

doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01695.x.

Climate change is largely accepted as a real issue and problem for our world, but there

are many reasons that there has not been much change to help the issue. One reason is that more

and more people are starting the question the validity of the science behind climate change

research. There is also psychological distance from the issue because people do not think about

climate change as an issue that will affect them soon or even affect their area in any significant

way. Because of this reason, people are less likely to be activists against climate change.

The article wrote this article to emphasis the importance of climate change advocates

finding ways to get their audiences to connect to the issue. If the people they are informing do

not believe that the time to act is now, they will not. This article is from 2012 but the

information from the article is still relevant. This article also includes the three authors

credentials to show that they are credible researchers. This is an important source for my

research paper because it illustrates reasons why there had not been as much outcry for change at

the time the article was written.

Adam Ruins Everything: Adam Ruins Going Green. Created by Adam Conover, performances by

Adam Conover, Adam Lustick, and Emily Axford, 2018. Netflix.

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https://www.netflix.com/watch/81072021?trackId=14277281&tctx=0%2C0%2Cd2285be

e-45ec-4de2-b413-ad746a61a733-386125654%2C%2C. Accessed 17 October 2019.

In this episode of the documentary series “Adam Ruins Everything” it explains how

climate change is a complex issue. Many people believe that by using recycled products, eating

a vegetarian diet, and not littering, we can stop climate change. These things are good things to

do but not enough to stop climate change. The earth is already going to be hotter by two decrees

even if we dramatically change our society today. There is no stopping the damage we have

already caused. It is up to companies and corporations to reduce emissions and reduce waste not

the consumers. People should not feel defeated and we should stand up against the status quo

and demand change from our governments and corporations.

This episode was made to make the audience question the things they have accepted to be

true about climate change and give the real information that has been missing. This shows

audience is anyone who has a Netflix account, so it potentially has a very large audience. The

host of the show Adam Conover himself is not the most reliable source because his main careers

have been in comedy, but the show is highly researched and gives sources throughout to give

context about the information given. The information in the episode is important for my research

paper because it explains why consumers should not place the blame and responsibility on

themselves and expect to fix global warming. It is essential for corporations to do their part for

us to avoid further climate change.