Fuel Tank Safety

Large aeroplane:
Maximum certified passeneger capacity 30 (or) More (or) maximum certified payload Capacity of
7500 lbs(3402kg) cargo (or) more

Payload:
Carrying capacity of an aircraft , it is usually measured in weight , it includes
Cargo, passengers, flight crew ,instruments and other equipments

FTS Training:

Phase-1 (Awareness)
 Training should be carried out before the person starts to work without supervision but not
latter than 6months after joining the organization
Note: Signature of the reader is required to ensure that the person has passed the training

Phase-2 (Detailed Training)

 The person who have already attended the level 2 detailed training , he should recived the
phse 2 training within 12 months of joining the organization
 Pass mark of the examination should be 75%
 Duration of 8 hours of phase 2 is an acceptable compliance

Continuation Training:
 The organization should ensure that the continuation training is required in each 2 year
period
 Syllabus is given in MOE
 Continuation training may be combined with Pahse 2 trainingin a class room (or) disatnce

FUEL TANK SAFETY TRAINING (FTS):

1) Large aeroplane defined as

a) Maximum type certified passenger capacity is 30 (or) more
b) Maximum certified pay load capacity is 7500 lbs (3402 Kg) (or) more
c) Either (a) or (b)
d) None

2) When fuel system components installed on Aeroplanes

a) Maintenance data affected by MEL
b) Maintenance data affected by CDCCL
c) Maintenance data affected by MMEL
d) Maintenance data affected affected by COSL

3) Phase 1 training should be carried out

a) Person starts work with supervision
b) Person starts work without supervision
c) As in (a) not later than 6 months after joining the organization
d) As in (b) not later than 6 months after joining the organization
4) The trainee should , after the completion of the Phase -1 training
a) Be familiar with the basic elements of the fuel tank safety issues
b) Be able to a description of the historical background and the elements requiring a safety
consideration , using common words and showing examples of non conformities
c) Be able to use typical terms
d) ATA

5) Phase training should include

a) FTS accidents (or) incidents
b) Concept of FTS and CDCCL
c) Maintenance instructions for inspection
d) ATA

6) Examination pass mark of Phase 2- detailed training

a) 70%
b) 75 %
c) 80 %
d) 85 %

7) E-learning (or) computer based training should meet

a) A continuous evolution process should ensure the effectiveness of the training and its
relevance
b) Some questions at intermediate steps of the training should be proposed to ensure that the
trainee is authorized to move to next step
c) The content and results of examinations should be recorded
d) ATA

8) MTCS
a) Duration of 7 hours for phase 2 is an acceptable compliance
b) Duration of 8 hours for phase 2 is an acceptable compliance
c) Duration of 10 hours for phase is an acceptable compliance
d) Duration of 30 hours for phase 2 is an acceptable compliance

9) When the course (phase 2) is provided in class room

a) The instructor should be very familiar with the data in objectives and guidelines
b) To be familiar an instructor should have attended himself a similar course in a class room
and made additionally some lecture of related subjects
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None

10) The persons who have already attended the level 2 detailed training course in compliance with
appendix VIII of CAR 145 AMO , the person should have received phase 2 training
a) Within 6 month of joining the organization
b) Within 12 months of joining the organization
c) Within 7 months of joining the organization
d) None

11) The attendant should after the completion of phase 2 training

a) Have an overview of SFAR 88 of FAA and JAA, TGL47
b) Be able to identify the components (or) parts (or) the aircraft subject to FTS from the
manufacturers instructions
c) Be able to plan and an airworthiness directive
d) ATA
12) MTCS (regarding continuation training)
a) The organization should ensure that the continuation training is required in each 2 year
period
b) The syllabus of the training program referred in 3..4 of the MOE
c) Continuation training may be combined with phase 2 training in class room (or) at distance
d) ATA

SFAR 88-Special Federal Aviation Regulation 88

Applicability:

Turbine power transport category aircraft having certified passenger capacity of 30 (or) more , (or)
maximum type certified payload capacity 7500 lbs (3402 kg) (or) more

Compliance :

 Each TC holder, STC holder of modification affecting the airplane fuel tank safety system , The
changes should meet the design requirements
 ACO (Aircraft Certification Office) may grant an extension of 18 months compliance time for
developement of design changes if
a) Safety review is completed within the compliance time
b) Necessary design changes are identified within the compliance time
c) Additional time can be justified based on the holder demonstrated agressiveness in
performing the safety review

Fuel Tank Ignition prevention:

Catastrophic failure could occur due to ignition of the fuel (or) vapors

Part 21- Certifiction Procedures For Products And Parts

Part 25-Airworthiness Stanards : Transport Category Airplanes
Part 91-General Operating And Flight Rules
Part 121-Operating Requirements :Domestic ,Flag,&Suplemental Operation
Part 125-Cartification & Operation : Airplane Having Seating Capacity Of 20 (or) More (or)
Maximum Payload Capacity Of 6000 Pounds (or) More & Rules Governing Persons On
board Such Aircraft
Part 129-Operation for Foreign air carriers and Foreign Operators Of US registered
TGL47- Temporary Guidance Leafelet

Section 2: Maintenance
Part 3: Temporary Guidance

TGL 47 applicable to:

TC,STC, Major modification holder , JAR OPS operators and their organization

Applicability:

Type certified Passenger Capacity 30 seats (or) more , Pay load (3402 kg)

Note:

 Incase where the certificate holder is unable to carry out the safety review then the operator must
engage the services of an appropriate approved design organization
 Operators must ensure all scheduled maintenance tasks inspaection standards and maintenance
procedure compliance with TGL (or) SFAR 88

3 Primary Phenomenon result in ignition of fuel vapours in airplane fuel tanks:

 Electric arc
 Friction spark-resulting from mechanical contact to rotating equipment in the fuel tank
 Hot surface ignition (or) auto ignition

Note:
Exploision proof requirement for electrical equipment and analtsis of potential arc and friction spark

 Level of electrical energy acepted value is 0.02 millijoule

 Autogenous ignition temperature of the fuel mixture is -30 C (50 F)
 Surface Temprature Should not exceed 200 C
 FQIS- Fuel Quantity Indication System

Things should be avoided when designing fuel tank:

 Fuel pump failures

 Wiring to pumps located in metalic condition
 Fuel pump connectors
 FQIS wiring
 FQIS probs
 Bonding straps
 Failed aged seals

Safety Assessment:

 Fuel tank flammability

 External environment
 Qualitative safety assessment
 Component qualification review
 Electrical sparks
 Elextrical short circuits
Concept of CDCCL
 CDCCL-Critical Design Configuration Cintrol Limitation
 It identifies the critical design feauters such as proper wire seperation , proper installation of
pannel gasket , minimum bonding jumper resistance level

Purpose:

 Provide instructions to enksure these critical feauters are present throughout the life of the
airplane aand are inspected and verified when alternation, repairs (or) maintenance actions occur
in the area

Note:
 CDCCL are one of three system in airworthiness limitations
 One is an ALI inspection that has a specific task and interval -10 years
 Second type is ALI procedure could have specific time interval
 Third type is CDCCL that has no specific interval
 CDCCL are not CMR
 It cannot be altered

Tasks that involve in CDCCL inspection:

 Fuel tank pannel replacement
 Heat exchanger removal & replacement
 Accessing areas floorboards in the vicinity of fuel tanks
 Resetting tripped fuel pump circuit breakers
 Engine fuel valve replacement
 Passenger cabin floor pannel installation
 Flame arrestor installation

Airworthiness Limitation Items:

 ALI are items that the certification process has defined as critical from a fatigue (or) damage
tolerance assessment , the inspection frequency of such item is mandatory and they should be
treated in the same way as CMR(Certification Maintenance Requirements) check

The applicable airworthiness regulation require the applicant set for the following in the ALI
 Approved mandatory replacements times for type certification
 Approved mandatory structural inspection times for type certification
 Structural inspection procedure for those approved mandatory items
 CDCCL installation
Temperature limit:
 The composite materials used for manufacturers Is qualified for service temperature upto 72 C
(162 F) under load

Replacement time limit:

 Fuselage, wing, wing flap, aileron, vertical stabilizer, rudder , horizontal stabilizer , elevator all
are replaced after 20,000 hours

Service life limt:

 Upto 20,000 flight hours
 Upto 30,000 takeoff amd landing operation