Rance Justine M.

Flores

BIT ELCT 2101

1. Low Voltage Non motor industrial feeder

Calculating ampacity ratings of feeders conductors

Factors Affecting Ampacity Ratings

Although there are many factors that affect the ampacity ratings of conductors, this
Module will restrict the discussion to the following three factors:

 Continuous Current
 Short Circuit Current
 Voltage Drop

Continuous Current

The National Electric Code (NEC) defines the continuous current rating of a conductor
as ampacity, which means “the current in amperes that a conductor can carry
continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating”.

Short Circuit Current

The short circuit current rating of a conductor is the maximum current that a conductor
can carry, for a specific and very short time interval, without reaching temperatures that
will permanently damage the conductor insulation.

Voltage Drop

Because most electrical equipment is voltage-sensitive, it is very important to have

within equipment and design standard tolerances, the proper voltage at the terminals
that are serving the equipment. Any excessive voltage drop could possibly damage the
equipment and impair its proper operation.

2. Low Volatage AC Induction Motor circuit

An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which

the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic
induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding.[1] An induction motor can
therefore be made without electrical connections to the rotor.[a] An induction motor's
rotor can be either wound type or squirrel-cage type.

Three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors are widely used as industrial drives

because they are self-starting, reliable and economical. Single-phase induction motors
are used extensively for smaller loads, such as household appliances like fans.
Although traditionally used in fixed-speed service, induction motors are increasingly
being used with variable-frequency drives (VFDs) in variable-speed service. VFDs offer
especially important energy savings opportunities for existing and prospective induction
motors in variable-torque centrifugal fan, pump and compressor load applications.
Squirrel cage induction motors are very widely used in both fixed-speed and variable-
frequency drive (VFD) applications.
Applications of Single Phase Induction Motor
These are used in low power applications and widely used in domestic applications as
well as industrial. And some of those are mentioned below

 Pumps
 Compressors
 Small fans
 Mixers
 Toys
 High speed vacuum cleaners
 Electric shavers
 Drilling machines
Three-Phase Induction Motor: These motors are self-starting and use no capacitor,
start winding, centrifugal switch or other starting device. Three-phase AC induction
motors are widely used in industrial and commercial applications. These are of two
types, squirrel cage and slip ring motors. Squirrel cage motors are widely used due to
their rugged construction and simple design. Slip ring motors require external resistors
to have high starting torque.
Induction motors are used in industry and domestic appliances because these are
rugged in construction requiring hardly any maintenance, that they are comparatively
cheap, and require supply only to the stator.

Applications of Three Phase Induction Motor

 Lifts
 Cranes
 Hoists
 Large capacity exhaust fans
 Driving lathe machines
 Crushers
 Oil extracting mills
 Textile and etc.
Advantages of Induction Motor
The motor construction and the way electric power is supplied all give the induction
motor several advantages is shown in figure below. And let’s see of them in brief.

Low cost: Induction machines are very cheap when compared to synchronous and DC
motors. This is due to the modest design of induction motor. Therefore, these motors
are overwhelmingly preferred for fixed speed applications in industrial applications and
for commercial and domestic applications where AC line power can be easily attached.

Low maintenance cost: Induction motors are maintenance free motors unlike dc
motors and synchronous motors. The construction of induction motor is very simple and
hence maintenance is also easy, resulting in low maintenance cost.

Ease of operation: Operation of induction motor is very simple because there is no

electrical connector to the rotor that supply power and current is induced by the
movement of the transformer performs on the rotor due to the low resistance of the
rotating coils. Induction motors are self start motors. This can result in reducing the
effort needed for maintenance.

Speed Variation: The speed variation of induction motor is nearly constant. The speed
typically varies only by a few percent going from no load to rated load.

High starting torque: The staring torque of induction motor is very high which makes
motor useful for operations where load is applied before the starting of the motor.3
phase induction motors will have self starting torque unlike synchronous motors.
However, single-phase induction motors does not have self starting torque and are
made to rotate using some auxiliaries.

Durability: Another major advantage an induction motor is that it is durability. This

makes it the ideal machine for many uses. This results the motor to run for many years
with no cost and maintenance.

All these advantages make induction motor to use in many applications such as
industrial, domestic and in many applications.

Induction Motor Based Projects

 Induction Motor Protection System
 Electronic Soft Start for 3 Phase Induction Motor
 Smooth Start of a Single Phase Induction Motor