WORKSHEET N0. 5.

1 b

TEST ON ONE SAMPLE MEAN

Name: _________________________ Score:________

Course & Year: BSED-3 Math Date: 9-11-16

Use the SPSS software to calculate the inferential statistics of the following problems.

1. It has been suggested that abnormal human males tend to occur more in children born to older-than-
average parents. Suppose case histories of 20 abnormal males were obtained and the ages of the 20
mothers were
31 21 29 28 34 45 21 41 27 31

43 21 39 38 32 28 37 28 16 39

The mean age at which mothers in the general population give birth is 28.0 years. Does the sample give
sufficient evidence to support the claim that abnormal male children have older-than-average mothers?
Use𝛼 = 0.05.

Fill in the tables below:

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Age of their Mothers 20 31.4500 8.04903 1.79982

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 28

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

Age of their Mothers 1.917 19 .070 3.45000 -.3171 7.2171

Interpretation (from the table):

The p value is 0.070 which is greater than 0.05. This indicates that there is no significant difference in
terms of the ages of the mothers from older-and-average of abnormal human males with the population age of
28.0. Thus, the age of mothers when giving birth doesn’t have an effect to the normality or health of human
males.

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 2. In a large cherry orchard, the average yield has been 4.35 tons per acre for the last several years. A new
fertilizer was tested on 15 randomly selected 1-acre plots. The yields from these plots were as follows.
11.0 11.6 10.9 12.0 11.5 12.0 11.2
10.5 12.2 11.8 12.1 11.6 11.7 11.6
11.2 12.0 11.4 10.8 11.8 10.9 11.4

At the 0.05 level of significance, do we have sufficient evidence to claim that the new fertilizer was
effective?

Fill-in the tables below:

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Yields of the Plots 21 11.4857 .47464 .10358

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 4.35

t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper

Yields of the Plots 68.894 20 .000 7.13571 6.9197 7.3518

Interpretation (from the table):

The p value is 0.000 which is less than 0.05. This indicates that there is a significant difference in the
effect on the yields of the plots of the new fertilizer. Since the mean yields from the old fertilizer of 4.35 is less
than the mean yields from the new fertilizer of 11.49.Thus, the new fertilizer is more effective and produces more
yields than the old one.

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 WORKSHEET 5.2
TEST ON ONE SAMPLE PROPORTION

Name: ________________________ Score: __________

Course and Year: _________________ Date: __________

1. A pilot’s group claims that among aborted takeoffs leading to an aircraft’s going off the end of the runway,
10% are due to bird strikes. A random sample of 74 aborted takeoffs in which the aircraft overran the runway
was taken. Among these 74 cases, 5 were due to bird strikes. Test the group’s claim at the 5% level of
significance.

Hypothesis Test:

State null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis:

H0: P=Po

Ha: P≠Po

Set the alpha level: 𝜶:0.05

Calculate the value of proper statistics:

5
P=74
=0.068

q 0  1  P0  1  0.10  0.90
0.068  0.10
z
(0.10)(0.90)
74
 0.032

0.09
74
 0.032

0.001
 0.032

0.032
 1

3
 48%
p  0.48
100 %
q0  1  p0  1  0.48  0.52
0.48  0.48
z
(0.48)(0.52)
100
0

0.2496
100
0

0.002
0

0.05
0

State the rule for rejecting the null hypothesis:

At significance level of 𝜶=0.05 ; the rejective for one tailed consist of all values for z for which
0.05=1.645.

Decision:

Accept Ho because z is lesser than 1.645.

Statements of the results:

Base on the calculated value of the proper statistic P=Po.

2. A television executive claims that fewer than half of all adults are annoyed by the violence shown on
television. A random sample of 1998 surveyed adults report that 48% of theses adults indicated their
annoyance with television violence. Test the executive’s claim at the 0.05 level of significance.

Hypothesis Test:

State null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis:

H0: P=Po

Ha: P≠Po

Set the alpha level: 𝜶:0.05

Calculate the value of proper statistics:

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State the rule for rejecting the null hypothesis:

At significance level of 𝜶=0.05 ; the rejective for one tailed consist of all values for z for which
0.05=1.645.

Decision:

Accept Ho because z is lesser than 1.645.

Statements of the results:

Base on the calculated value of the proper statistic P=Po.

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 WORKSHEET 5.3
TEST ON TWO DEPENDENT SAMPLE

1. Suppose twenty first-grade children were given a reading readiness test. On the basis of the scores on this test,
two groups of matched subjects were formed. Children in group 1 were given the traditional method of
instruction in reading, while children in group 2 were given a new, highly individualized form of reading
instruction. At the end of the academic year, the students were given a reading achievement test. Analyze the
results below to determine whether the ne reading instructional program leads to significantly higher reading
achievement scores for group 2.

Reading Achievement Scores for Two Groups of Children

GROUP 1 GROUP 2
Traditional Reading Method Individualized Reading Method
79 85
83 92
93 89
86 88
56 64
65 71
71 70
66 69
50 63
42 51

Hypothesis Test:

State null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis:

H0: There is no difference between the two groups

Ha: There is a difference between the two groups

Set the alpha level: 0.05

Calculate the value of proper statistics:

6
 t
D
n D 2  ( D ) 2
n 1
51

(10)(497 )  (51) 2
10  1
51

4970  2601
9
51

2369
9
51

263 .22
 3.1434

State the rule for rejecting the null hypothesis:

Reject the calculated two tailed because it is less than or equal to the value of t which is 0.05
(df=10-1) or t is less than or equal to 1.873.

Decision:

Reject null hypotheses.

Statements of the results:

There is a difference of the two.

Fill-in the tables below:

Paired Samples Statistics

Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Traditional Reading Method 69.1000 10 16.49545 5.21632

Pair 1 Individualized Reading
74.2000 10 13.60392 4.30194
Method

Paired Samples Correlations

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 N Correlation Sig.

Traditional Reading Method

Pair 1 & Individualized Reading 10 .960 .000
Method

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences
95% Confidence
Standard Sig. (2-
Standard Interval of the t df
Mean Error tailed)
Deviation Difference
Mean
Lower Upper
Pair 1 TRM-IRM -5.1 5.13 1.62 -8.8 -1.42 -3.14 9 0.012

Interpretation (from the table):

The p value is lesser than the alpha level at 0.05. This indicates that there is a significant difference
between the traditional reading method and individualized reading method. This also means that students
performed better in individualized reading method than in traditional reading method.

Fill-in the missing data in the output below. (using Microsoft Excel)

t-Test: Paired Two Sample for

Means

Traditional
Reading Method Individualized Reading Method
Mean 69.1 74.2
Variance 272.1 185.0666667
Observations 10 10
Pearson Correlation 0.959979877
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 0
Df 9 9
t Stat -3.14 -3.14
P(T≤t) one tail 0.005930815
t Critical one tail 1.833
P(T≤t) two tail 0.01186163
t Critical two tail 2.262

Interpretation (from the table):

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 The difference of the means of TRM and IRM is 5.1 which indicate that the mean scores of IRM is higher
than TRM.

2. The attitudes of 12 students enrolled in a course on the counseling of women were measured before and after
students saw a set of video tapes illustrating sex bias in counselling. The attitude scale that was used related to
student attitudes toward the female role. The attitude scale was scored in such a way that a maximum score of
20 indicates acceptance of stereotyped roles for women. Did viewing the videotapes cause significant change in
the attitudes of these 12 students toward the female role?

Attitude Scale Scores for 12 Students Before and After Viewing a Videotape

Pre-test-Before Viewing Post-test-After Viewing

17 11
14 8
9 10
18 9
6 6
16 13
12 11
7 9
15 12
16 11
20 12
14 6

Hypothesis Test:

State null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis:

H0: H0: Upre=Upost

Ha: Ha: Upre<Upost

Set the alpha level: 0.05

State the rule for rejecting the null hypothesis:

Reject H0 if the computed two tailed is ≤ 0.05 (df=12-1) or t is ≤ 1.796.

Calculate the value of proper statistics:

9
  43
t
12(345)  (43) 2
11
 43

4140  1849
11
 43

2291
11
 43

208.27
 43

14.43
 2.98

Decision:
Reject H0

Statements of the results:

There is a great difference between thee pre-test and post test.

Fill-in the tables below:

Paired Samples Statistics

Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Before 13.6667 12 4.37624 1.26331

Pair 1
After 9.8333 12 2.28963 .66096

Paired Samples Correlations

N Correlation Sig.

Pair 1 Before & After 12 .520 .083

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Paired Samples Test

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-

Mean Std. Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval of tailed)

Deviation Mean the Difference

Lower Upper

Before -
Pair 1 3.83333 3.73761 1.07895 1.45857 6.20809 3.553 11 .005
After

Interpretation (from the tables):

The p value is less than the alpha level 0.05 and this means that there is significant difference in the
attitude of the 12 students before and after viewing the film on sex bias.

Fill-in the missing data in the output below. (using Microsoft Excel)

t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means

Pretest-Before Viewing Posttest- After Viewing

Mean 13.66666667 9.833333333
Variance 19.15151515 5.242424242
Observations 12 12
Pearson Correlation 0.520171862
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
Df 11
t Stat 3.55282418
P(T≤t) one tail 0.002264775
t Critical one tail 1.795883691
P(T≤t) two tail 0.004529549
t Critical two tail 2.200986273

Interpretation (from the MS Excel table)

The difference between the mean scores of the pre-test before viewing and post-test after viewing is 3.83
and this means that the mean scores of the pre-test before viewing is higher than the post-test after viewing.

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 3. A training director of a large chain of department stores in Makati wants to know if a week’s training
course will help 12 salesladies’ rapport with the customers. One month prior and one month after the
training, they were rated based on a 10-point scale. The data were as follows:

Sample Rating Before Training Rating After Training

A 6.95 6.98
B 6.94 7.08
C 7.17 8.34
D 6.84 7.03
E 6.51 6.64
F 5.98 5.97
G 5.34 5.56
H 6.99 7.69
I 6.59 7.03

At the .05 level of significance, is there a reason for the director to believe that the training indeed improved the
salesladies’ rapport with the customer?

Hypothesis Test:

State null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis:

H0: Ubefore=Uafter

Ha: Ubefore≤Uafter

Set the alpha level: 0.05

State the rule for rejecting the null hypothesis:

Reject H0 t calculated ≤ 1.860

Calculate the value of proper statistics:

12
 3.03
t
9(2.3509 )  (3.03) 2
8
3.03

21.1581  9.1809
8
3.03

11.9772
8
3.03

1.49715
3.03

1.22
 2.48
Decision:
Reject H0

Statements of the results:

There is a difference between before and after

Paired Samples Statistics

Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

rbt 6.5900 9 .58652 .19551

Pair 1
rat 6.9244 9 .82863 .27621

Paired Samples Correlations

N Correlation Sig.

Pair 1 rbt & rat 9 .910 .001

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences t df Sig. (2-

Mean Std. Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval of tailed)

Deviation Mean the Difference

Lower Upper
rbt -
Pair 1 -.33444 .38207 .12736 -.62813 -.04076 -2.626 8 .030
rat
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Interpretation (from the MS Excel table)

The p value is 0.03 which lesser than the alpha level 0.05. This means that there is a significant difference
between the ratings of salesladies before training and after training.

Fill-in the missing data in the output below. (using Microsoft Excel)

t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means

Pretest-Before Viewing Posttest- After Viewing

Mean 6.59 6.924444444
Variance 0.344 0.784221429
Observations 9 9
Pearson Correlation 0.910126
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 0
df 8 8
t Stat -2.626 -2.626
P(T≤t) one tail 0.015182
t Critical one tail 1.86
P(T≤t) two tail 0.030364161
t Critical two tail 2.306

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