Computed tomography (CT) scan, also known as computerized axial tomography (CAT), or CT scanning

computerized tomography is a painless, non-invasive diagnostic imaging procedure that produces cross-
sectional images of several types of tissue not clearly seen on a traditional X-ray.

CT scans may be performed with or without contrast medium. A contrast may either be an iodine-based
or barium-sulfate compound that is taken orally, rectally, or intravenously which can enhance the
visibility of specific tissues, organs, or blood vessels. The duration of the procedure will depend on the
area being scanned.

The roles and responsibilities of a nurse extend throughout the whole duration of the CT scan procedure
— from taking patient’s history, obtaining informed consent, preparing the patient, and providing
education. To ensure the safety and accuracy of the procedure, learn about the nursing interventions
and concepts behind computed tomography (CT) scan.

Brain

Also known as “cranial CT scan” or “Head CT”. It is indicated to provide detailed information on head
injuries, stroke, brain tumors and other diseases affecting the brain.

Indications
 Identify intracranial abnormalities and lesions
 Determine focal neurological abnormalities
 Guides or biopsy of brain tissue
 Evaluate suspected head injury such as subdural hematoma
 Monitor the effectiveness of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery, as part of the
management of intracranial tumors
Abnormal Results
 Arteriovenous malformation
 Cerebral atrophy
 Cerebral edema
 Congenital anomalies
 Edema
 Hydrocephalus
 Intracranial tumors
 Intracranial hematoma
 Infarction
 Contraindication
Computed tomography (CT) is contraindicated in:
 Pregnant patient (absolute contraindication)
 Patients with a known allergy to iodine
 Patients with claustrophobia
 Patients with renal impairment unless the benefits outweigh the risks
 Patients with hyperthyroidism or toxic goiter (induce thyrotoxic crisis)
 Patients with complications after a previous administration of a contrast
 Patients with severe obesity (usually more than 300 pounds)
Interfering Factors

 Retained oral or I.V. contrast material from previous diagnostic studies may affect the visibility
of the images.
 Metal objects including eyeglasses, dentures, jewelry, and hairpins
 Nursing Responsibilities for CT Scan
 The following are the nursing interventions and nursing care considerations for a patient
undergoing computed tomography:
Before the procedure

 The following are the nursing interventions before computed tomography:

 Informed Consent. Obtain an informed consent properly signed.
 Look for allergies. Assess for any history of allergies to iodinated dye or shellfish if contrast
media is to be used.
 Get health history. Ask the patient about any recent illnesses or other medical conditions and
current medications being taken. The specific type of CT scan determines the need for an oral or
I.V. contrast medium
 Check for NPO status. Instruct the patient to not to eat or drink for a period amount of time
especially if a contrast material will be used.
 Get dressed up. Instruct the patient to wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing during the exam.
 Provide information about the contrast medium. Tell the patient that a mild transient pain from
the needle puncture and a flushed sensation from an I.V. contrast medium will be experienced.
 Instruct the patient to remain still. During the examination, tell the patient to remain still and to
immediately report symptoms of itching, difficulty breathing or swallowing, nausea, vomiting,
dizziness, and headache.
 Inform about the duration of the procedure. Inform the patient that the procedure takes from
five (5) minutes to one (1) hour depending on the type of CT scan and his ability to relax and
remain still.
After the procedure
 The nurse should be aware of these post-procedure nursing interventions after computed
tomography (CT) scan:
 Diet as usual. Instruct the patient to resume the usual diet and activities unless otherwise
ordered.
 Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake (if a contrast is given). This is so to promote
excretion of the dye.