Calculation of the fault current of the generator in case of 3 ph short circuit at

the generator terminals

Generator Rating – 247MVA

Rated Voltage -15.75KV

Sub Transient Reactance Xd “- 0.1719 (As per the Data Sheet of Generator)

Fault Current If = Fault MVA / √3 x kV

Fault MVA = MVA / Xd”

Fault MVA = 247/0.17 = 1436.88

Fault Current = 1436.88M/ √3 x 15.75K = 52.67 KA

Full Load Current of the Generator = MVA / √3 x kV = 9.050 KA

This means that the fault current is (52.67 / 9.050) times i.e approximately 5.82

times the full load current.

Further Calculations

Let us calculate the Knee Point Voltage requirement of CT for differential

protection.

The assumptions are made during such a calculation for stability under worst external
fault. (i.e 3Ph Short Circuit happened at the Generator Terminals). The settings are such
that the relay shall not operate for a spill current due to CT saturation under worst
external fault conditions

Consider a case where fault occurs outside the protected zone (i.e-external fault) .

If= Fault Current

RL= Lead Resistance

RCT = CT Secondary resistance

Vs= Voltage across the relay at the time of fault If

 Neutral CT Phase CT

If

R Vs

Vs = If (RCT + 2RL)
Ifp = 52.67 kA (Primary Fault Current )
RCT = 0.5 ohms RL =1.0 ohms ( Considering Length between CTMB and GRP)

If in terms of Secondary = (Ifp*5)/10KA = 26.335A

Vs= 26.335 * 1.5 = 39.50V

Voltage across the relay during worst fault = Vs = 40V.

Vk = Knee point Voltage of CT.

Knee Point voltage of CT should be higher than this voltage across the relay
Let us calculate the knee point voltage of the CT under consideration (Class 5P20)

Vk = (VA x ALF) / CT secondary + (CT secondary x ALF x RCT @ 75deg C)

ALF = 20

VA =100 (As per the CT Data Sheet)

RCT @75deg C = RCT X ((1+ (75)*0.00865) = 0.5*1.6487 = 0.824

Vk = (100 x 20) / 5 + (5 x 20 x 0.824X1.15) = 400 + 94.76 = 494.76 V

Alternative Method for calculation of Kpv:

KPV = Rated Accuracy Limit Factor * CT Rated Current * (Internal Resistance of CT + Rated
Resistance burden of the CT)

Our 5P20 CT Details are as follows:

Burden = 100VA. CT Resistance = 0.5 Ohm.

So, KPV = 20 * 5 * (0.5 + 100/(5)²) = 450V

Conclusion – SO May be we can use the 5P20 Class CT For Differential Protection.