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Table of Contents
Grid Systems .................................................................................................................................... 6
Portable Power Source System ................................................................................................... 7
Grid-Intertied Power Source System ........................................................................................... 8
Grid-intertied solar power system with battery backup ............................................................. 9
Off Grid Power System .............................................................................................................. 10
The Units of the System ............................................................................................................ 11
Array DC Disconnect: ............................................................................................................. 11
Charge Controller: ................................................................................................................. 11
Deep Cycle Battery: ............................................................................................................... 12
System Meter: ....................................................................................................................... 12
Main DC Disconnect: ............................................................................................................. 13
Inverter: ................................................................................................................................. 13
Gas Powered Generator: ....................................................................................................... 14
AC Breaker Panel: .................................................................................................................. 14
Grid: ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Household: ............................................................................................................................ 15
Legal: ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Wind Turbines ............................................................................................................................... 16
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 16
Needed Materials for the Wind Turbine ................................................................................... 17
DC Power Motor .................................................................................................................... 18
Tower for Wind Turbine ........................................................................................................ 19
Rotor Blades .......................................................................................................................... 19
Building a Wind Turbine ............................................................................................................ 20
Constructing the Blades ........................................................................................................ 20
The Hub ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Chapter: Grid Systems
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
DISCLAIMER
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
Grid Systems
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
This is the system that you will most likely use in the
beginning. This system is known as grid tied, or on grid.
The key feature about this system is: if more electricity is
produced by your solar system or wind turbine compared
to what is used by the household, than the system will
start turning the electric meter backwards. When that
happens, credits will be added to your account which you
Chapter: Grid Systems
can use for periods when you produce less electricity. You
should consult your Electricity Provider for more
information concerning “net billing” or “net metering”.
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
This system grid tied like the previous one but the key
difference between this one and the previous is, this one
has battery backup. The battery backup will be used when
it’s going to be cloudy or you are doing maintenance to
Chapter: Grid Systems
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
bank is.
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Main DC Disconnect:
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AC Breaker Panel:
Grid:
The main power line that comes to your house that
comes from the power company is called Grid. The term
Off Grid refers that you are energy independent from the
power supply company.
Household:
When we referred in the previous diagrams to the
household, we meant the household loads. This consists of
everything that is connected to the breaker panel.
Legal:
Be aware each state and country has different
standards for connecting alternative energy source to the
AC panel. Also in most countries it is illegal to open this
box by yourself, unless you are qualified electrician.
We recommend that you contact your power supply
company concerning this issue and do not take matters in
to your own hands before you do that.
If you do not want to connect your system to the
breaker panel, you can run appliances just from the
inverter which is much easier and cheaper option.
Chapter: Grid Systems
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
Wind Turbines
Introduction
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
DC Power Motor
The DC Power Motor is the main component in this
project, just like the solar cells in the previous one. The DC
Motor is the one here producing energy. The principles
behind it are very simple, in most applications where it is
used it uses energy in order to spin, but if you spin the
same motor in the opposite direction it will produce
energy, and the very same energy will go back through the
wires where the power use to get from.
The DC Motor needed for this project needs to have
high Voltage, High Current and low RPM rating. The reason
for the low RPM is, we want to spin it over the rated RPM
in order to achieve the rated voltage.
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
Rotor Blades
The rotor blades will be constructed from a PVC or
ABS pipe which will be around 8” and 13” in diameter. If
you aim for 500 watt of energy, you will need 3 blades
while each blade measures at around 2ft which in turn the
diameter is 4ft, and you will need wind speeds at around
20mph. If you don’t have space for such a big wind
generator, scale down the blades as much as the suite you.
Chapter: Wind Turbines
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
For a 10” pipe, the quarter of the pipe you have, you
will cut it so at the hub is 7” and at the tip 5”, for reference
take a look at the diagram below.
After you have cut the blade as represented in
the diagram below, you will need to make one more
cut on the side and drill two holes. This cut is
necessary so the blade can be attached to the hub.
Follow the diagram below as a reference.
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The Hub
The hub is the center piece of your wind turbine.
The hub will transfer the kinetic energy from the
blades to the generator.
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
After you drill the hole on the hub, you will need
to attach your blades on the hub equally spaced at
120 degrees.
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The Axis
As I said earlier the only thing we are left to construct
is the axis, and the tail. The axis is needed in order for the
wind turbine to turn and face the wind at all times. But the
problem is that we don’t want the wind turbine to
endlessly spin around since it will tangle the cords.
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As you can see from the image above you mount the
base on to the tower 7 inches from the beginning on the
side of the DC Motor. Depending your tower there are
various ways to mount the base. But one thing to keep in
mind is that the base should be able to spin 360 degrees
with ease. The easiest way to do this is, if you have a
tower that is from metal, you can weld a bolt on top of it
or a small pipe, than drill a hole through the base and
lubricate the inside of the hole, and place it on top of the
bolt. Just don’t forget to secure it from the top so it won’t
fly away.
Chapter: Wind Turbines
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Magniwork – Wind Turbines
From the image above you can see the bolts that
were previously mentioned. You can see the bolt that
connects the base to the tower which is secured on top,
the vertically placed bolt on the base, and the horizontally
placed bolt on the tower.
Now you have completely functional wind
Chapter: Wind Turbines
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