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P. Samuel Jonathan
First timers to the city may be taken aback by the directness of its
people, but beneath the hard shell, is the softness that floors the
visitors. Never to shy away from accommodating visitors, people
go all the way to make the visitors special.
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How did the city derive its name? set up their bases, build forts. Some of these tanks are still
there surrounded by parks, frequented by men and women
It is said that when Guntur was a village roughly the size of in morning and evening for a quiet stroll.
``Kunta,’’ which is one -third of the size of an acre. So it be
and gradually, Kunta became ``Kunturu’ and later Guntur. Another folklore has that Red Tank has a large stone mound
and it was believed that the water from the tank has therapeutic
Another popular story was that in those days before Stephen properties and people with skin diseases used to sprinkle water.
Fleming had not discovered Worldwide Standard Time, the
earliest kings could blasted a ball (gundu) from a noon gun Earliest references to the name Guntur were found in an in-
at noon and so the town took its name as ``Gunduru’’ and scription dating back to 1158 AD discovered at Agastheswara
later Guntur. Swamy Temple, located to the east of Red Tank. Inscriptions
dating back to 1147 AD bearing the name have also been found
on the foot hills of Durga Malleswara Swamy Temple in Vijay-
Vishunubotla Suryanarayana in his memoirs of Guntur in
awada.
``Guntur Mandala Sarvasam,’’ written by Daruvuri Veeraiah
mentioned that the large stone mound existed at Erra Cher-
Both these inscriptions tell us about the hoary past of the town,
uru (Red Tank), on which the Brahmananda Reddy Stadium weaving around a rich tapestry of feuding dynasties, spiritual-
stands. Even now, a small tank (rajaka cheruvu) is used as a ism, art and culture. Earliest mention was also made in epics
dhobi ghat. written by Tikkana Somayaji.
Earliest references by French and British historians say that The town also could have derived its name from the old Sanskrit
the city was full of water tanks (gunta), prompting them to name, Garthapuri or Guntlapuri.
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Growth of The City
The growth of the city during the last 150 years from a predominantly
agricultural region into a hub of trade, commerce and industry was
fuelled by the bountiful harvest of commercial crops, cotton and chil-
li. The cultivation of Virginia Tobbacco by British American Tobacco
Company (BTC) , which is now called as Indian Tobacco Company
(ITC), gave new opportunities for farmers and provided employment
to thousands of women in Tobacco factories. As the exports of Flue
Cured Virginia Tobacco picked up to Russia, USA, South Africa, farm-
ers and traders found themselves flush with money which was invested
in modernisation of Tobacco grading, processing and curing.
Guntur is the hub of Tobacco exports of leaf tobacco and tobacco prod-
ucts generating foreign exchange earnings of around Rs. 6,000 crores
annually. In 1895, Majety and Srisailam company began exporting
FCV Tobacco. Majety Guravayya started his company in 1915. As the
cultivable area of FCV Tobacco increased after construction of Na-
garjuna Sagar project, Tobacco trade flourished and there were about
400 companies in Guntur. Leading exporters like Bommidala Tobacco
Company, Polisetty Somasundaram Company, Jayalakshmi Traders and
Navabharat Traders have been in Tobacco trade for the last five decades.
The images of milling workers walking back to their homes from To-
bacco factories on the Trunk Road at Manipuram (presently Mangala-
giri Road) is still in the memory of several people. The factories are still
there, few of them have given away to shopping malls, retail outlets, au-
tomobile outlets and hospitals and the road is now a expanded stretch
leading to the Chennai-Kolkata national highway no 5.
Cotton was another lifeline for the farmers of district and the white
gold still continues to provide a bounty. Lanchester Road, named after
the trading county in England, used to be a hub of cotton mills and
now the road links the Old Ponnur Road with the trading centre in
One Town.
The city is now known as an educational hub and has emerged as a top
notch teriatary
Health care facility.
Guntur district covers an area of 11,391 square km. Lying on the south bank of River Krishna, which disgorges from a
corridor in the Palnadu hills and empties into Bay of Bengal in a broad sweeping curve, the district is largely a flat deltaic
plain. Spreading westwards from the Bay of Bengal, it rises gradually and breaks upon the rough, jungled hills of Palnadu.
The topography is as varied as its landscape. On the East, the vast coast line extending upto 43 km gives way to black
cotton soils and then to red gravel and clay.
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CLIMATE
It is during the winter season (from November to February), people enjoy the most. The wettest month is July.
The average annual temperature is 28.5 C and annual rain fall is about 905 mm. Rain storms and cyclones are
common in the region during the rainy season, which starts with the monsoons in early June. Cyclones may
occur any time of the year, but occur more commonly between May and November.
Guntur has been one of important trading hubs in the state since ages.
When East India Company began their trade and when the British settled in
Machilipatnam, 65 km east of Vijayawada, they considered Guntur area and
its lower land for their trade.
After the construction of the dam in 1855 on Krishna River at Bezwada, the
Buckingham canal became the mode of transport to Madras port. It also pro-
vided water to the fields in Guntur lower delta helping the delta to become
the biggest producer of paddy and sugarcane.
Guntur remains the entry point to the Rayalaseema districts (Seeded) from
East Coast.
Guntur was a hub for groundnut oil production. During 1910, it was a
flourishing trade for exports. We have house names of, “Sanakkayala” still
in Guntur as groundnut trade flourished in the early years of 20th century.
Later the traders shifted to tobacco.
The Guntur area was turned into a commercial crop hub. The first tobacco
plantation was introduced in the district in 18th century. The first tobacco
export company Majety and Srisailam Company was established in 1895.
The tobacco growing areas were increased and later by the construction of the
Nagarjuna sagar Dam, the uplands of Guntur districts, as well as the southern
parts at present Prakasam district were high in tobacco production. In the
year, 1950 ITC was entered in tobacco trade, The tobacco trade became the
most important activity in this area. Earlier there were 400 tobacco compa-
nies. In 1990s, the tobacco production was decreased because the farmers
went on crop holiday. Slowly the international demand for tobacco was also
come down. The companies, which are in tobacco trade declined from 400
to around five. The big companies such as Navabharat tobacco, Jayalakshmi
tobacco are not in trade at present.
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From 1990s onwards, the tobacco farmers shifted to cotton production. The
yarn producers from Surat and southern parts of Tamilnadu came and purchased
the cotton. The farmers were attracted to the high-income crop. However, there
were risks in the production of cotton. The crop is prone to pests and depends
on changing in the nature. Another important thing was that the buyers were
not paid to farmers, which they purchased. It leads to suicides of Farmers in
cotton growing areas. The local entrepreneurs started to construct ginning mills
and later some of them started spinning mills. Now the Guntur became a hub
for cotton ginning and spinning mills in AP. There are around 18 lakhs spindles
in the spinning mills in and around Guntur.
The another crop later farmers shifted to forming was chillies, which has a
demand from East Asian countries. There was a tremendous growth of cold
storages in and around of Guntur which helps the farms in getting the
remunerative price. However in this year the chilliy farmers are facing the
decrease in prices of the chillies
The first bank was established in 1878 in Guntur. There was a direct train
to Madras port to export the commodities. The cable and telegraph facility
was there in 1920s. It was the first city in getting telephone facility in coastal
districts. Bezwada got the telephone facility after ten years.
The internal dynamics of the city has changed by the construction of the railway
over bridge. Slowly the commercial activity has shifted to two town. The area
of Guntur city has extended beyond the area of Brodie pet and Arundel pet in
two town. Once the areas of gujjanagundla and koritapadu, which were away
from the Guntur centre, now became in the central part of the city. Brundavan
gardens and the lakshmipuram became the centers of commercial activity in the
city in these days.
The latest information given by the district administration that the Guntur
district contributes 14 percent of paddy, 57 percent of Jowar ,28 percent of
Maize, 68 percent of chillies and 38 percent of sorgum in total production of
AP .
The increase in land value in Guntur District was related to the profits obtained
from cultivation of industrial crops during 1940s.
Now the land values are high and it is one of the obstacles in establishing
the industries in this district. Land is one of the
important and the first factor of production in
industry. In recent years land prices increased
faster than the price of commodities. Guntur
became the capital of the Andhra Pradesh after
bifurcation and is witnessing a tremendrous
development on all fronts.
The stadium has also hosted first class Ranji matches in the
1980s and 90s.
is one of the premiere medical institutions in south India. It is located in the heart of city of Guntur, the knowl-
edge hub of Andhra Pradesh. The institution, established in the Pre independent India, has come a long way
since 1946, the year of its inception.
Guntur Medical College today not only offers undergraduate courses with an annual intake of 200 students
but also various medical Specialities including non clinical, Para clinical and Clinical branches. The College is
affiliated to the Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences and works in conjunction with Government General
Hospital, a tertiary care hospital with 1170 beds, catering to the needs of people of Coastal districts of Andhra
Pradesh. The institution is well known for the rich clinical material and the quality of research work.
Guntur Medical College is one of the few centres in the country to have satellite based training. The College
library has 28,000 books and subscribes to more than 100 journals including access to another 100 E-Journals. A
great asset to the institution is the ultra modern air conditioned auditorium, which was built with contributions
from GMCANA. It has the latest audiovisual equipment and seating capacity for 900. A new super speciality
complex Podila Prasad– GMCANA Super speciality and Trauma Centre, with state of the art facilities is nearing
completion in Government General Hospital to meet the ever increasing health needs of the Public.
Theosophical Lodge
A short walk to the north from the Sankar Vilas Centre leads to a busy traffic island - Lodge Centre - named
after stately compound housing Sri Krishna Theosophical Lodge. One can find people reading the daily newspa-
pers at the reading room on the ground floor and on weekends, the lodge brims with activity when discourses
are held by prominent people from all walks of life.
The Lodge was built on 550 square feet of land donated by Vinjamuri Bhavanacharyalu in 1882 and continues
to serve the people here. A prominent social reformer and theosophist Annie Besant was present at the house
warming done in 1912.
Faith Heals!
On the Grand Trunk Road, lies the Mastan
Dargah. The Dargah is visited by people of all
faiths. Legend is that Mastan Vali (Baba) was
born at Tiruchinapalli in Tamil Nadu. After
spending his childhood, he left his home and
went in search of divine depths till he yearned
special powers. He wandered several places be-
fore ending his life in Guntur on May 23, 1895.
Old age charm The Government of India later converted the building into a
library. The State Regional Library, established in 1958, is the
State Regional Library, is the worn out stone plaque indicating second biggest government library in the State with a book
that the present library was once the Town Hall opened in stack of 1,38,750. The books, mostly textbooks and reference
1915 during the British rule. material, have been used by students, general public and vis-
itors.
The location of the library in the heart of the town suggest that
it was also an important landmark and the open spaces were The library subscribes to nearly 97 magazines and receives 23
used to host high tea during the visits of the then Governors other periodicals as gratis. The book section of the library is
of Madras Presidency. the most sought after by students as it is opened from 8 a.m.
to 12 noon.
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Baudhasri Archaeological Museum
The presiding deity in the shape of Shivalinga on the hill top is known as Trikuteswara or
Trikoteswara. A steep flight of steps lead to the hill and the deity is located at a height of 1,587
feet. There are a number of ponds on the hill, of which eight are located in front of the temple.
The sleepy village comes alive on the eve of Mahashivaratri. Milling crowds occupy every inch
of the space in and around the hill. Prabhas, which are rectangular frames made of bamboo
and decorated with coloured cloth and paper, of different sizes are taken in procession as part
of the festival. Most of them are 60 to 70 feet high and are carried by the devotees. Giant
prabhas, which are over 100 feet, are carried on decorated bullock carts, and are placed on a
meadow at the foot of the hill.
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Suryalanka Beach, Bapatla
This island was one of the most important and largest Buddhist centers in
entire South India right from the second century BC until the third century
AD. This place was named after Acharya Nagarjuna, who was a renowned
Buddhist philosopher and scholar and who is also considered as the pioneer
to spread Buddhism in this region.
The museum will be kept open from 9am to 4pm for the tourists to visit.
It will be closed on Friday and only a meagre fee is collected as entry ticket.
Anyone can see the new townships which are sprawling in its Suburban region
as the population growth created demand for land for new housing, industry
and community. The bifurcation of the state and the announcement of Capital
Amaravati, which is 40 km to the North of the city has triggered a massive de-
mand for property. The stretch between Guntur and Vijayawada is now dotted
with world class living facilities with big construction groups like, Ramakrishna
Venuzia, Lingamaneni Constructions, Mid Valley and Vertex Capital County,
Amaravathi Paradise etc.
The city’s outshine life had created a broad range of recreational, retirement,
leisure, tourism, cultural and economic services which had changed the face of
this land.