Computer Vision

Lecture II
Digital Image Processing Review

By: Dr. Omar Ahmad

Lecture Contents

● Images as 2D signals.
● What are digital images?
●
CCD sensors and Color filters for Colored Images.
● Images as 2D arrays in Matlab and OpenCv
● Displaying Images.
● Cropping images
● Adding images
● Blending Images
● OpenCv basics
What is an image?

● An image can be thought of as a 2D function.

I(x,y)

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What is an image?

● Plotting the 2D image function in Matlab as a surface.

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What is an image?

● What if we smooth the function?

We observe that the

sharp peaks have
been smoothed out.

What will
happen to
the image?

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What is an image?

● We will get a 'Blurred' image.

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What is an image?

● So images can be thought of as

– A 2D array of numbers ranging from some minimum to
some maximum value
– A function I of x and y, I(x,y)
– Something captured using a camera !!

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What are digital images?

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What are digital images?

● Each image is made up of small discrete units known as

pixels (stands for Picture Elements)

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What are digital images?

● Capturing a colored image using a Bayer filter mechanism

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What are digital images?

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What are digital images?

● So now we can think of digital images as 2D functions

– I(x,y) such that
●x ranges from [a,b] and y ranges from[c,d]
● The intensity also ranges from [min,max]

● Why do intensities vary from 0 to 255?

● It is better (makes more sense) to have intensity range from
[0,1] instead.
● Colored images can also be thought of in the same way.
– I(x,y) = [ r(x,y), g(x,y), b(x,y)] T

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What are digital images?

● Can you define this image as a function?

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What are images?

● A small grid from the image will look like this.

Be careful about Rows and Columns vs x and y !!

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What is quantization?

Example: Round off to a whole number where you use a floor() function.

3.2 1.7 5.4 3.8 3.7

3.1 1.6 5.3 3.9 3.5

2.8 1.8 5.2 3.9 3.6

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Using Matlab for Image Processing

my_color_img = imread('ColoredChalk.jpg');
img_green = my_color_img(:,:,3);
imshow(my_color_img);
figure();
imshow(img_green);

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Using Matlab for Image Processing

● What size is my image?

– Use size(img) function
● What is the class of my image?
– Use the class(img) command

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