Alliah Pascasio Aristotle

LESSON 1: Understanding the  Mind – tabula rosa – blank slate

 Self = matter +form
Self from Various Perspectives  Matter – in a continuous process of
PHILOSOPHY developing
 Process of completion though
Ancient Philosophy experience – Knowledge is from
The Ancient Traumvirate experience
 Self- From first Cause (source of all
1. Socrates changers)
2. Plato  Goal = Happiness – achieved through
3. Aristortle moderation of things
Post Aristotelians Post-Aristotelians
SOCRATES  Dualism
 Know thy self  Ethical
 An unexamined life is not worth living  Moral norm – attainment of happiness
 Knowledge is within  Stoicism - indif
 Invitation to introspection  Hedonism - YOLO
 Socratic method: Diaglogue between  Epicureanism – moderate
soul and itself Medieval Philosophy
Physical World (Changeable, Senses/Matter) Theo-Centric
Spiritual World (Unchanging, Ideas/Form)  Question of life and salvation I another
Soul (Self) realm, in a better world (Afterlife)
 Self endures through time (death – soul
 Strive for perfection and wisdom will go to the creator)
through reason  More imposing (Rules and
 Remains same over time Commandments)
Plato  Aims at paganism and barbarism

3 Parts of soul/self/psyche St. Augustine

1. Reason – wisdom  Self strives to achieve union with God

2. Physical Appetite – biological needs
(Hunger, thirst)
3. Spirit/Passion – emotions (love, anger)
 Has a dynamic relationship (conflict or
agreement)
 Harmony – responsibility of reason, it is
the justice
though Faith and Reason
St. Thomas Aquinas
 WE have soul
 Self Knowledge – dependent on our
experience of the world
 Active and Select in the Experience
 Agents interacting with the
environment
  Labels – from environment  Impressions – Basic Sensations of
 The things that we love tell us what we experience
are  There is no self
 But experiencing doesn’t tell us what it  Purely environment
is
Immanuel Kant
 Knowing and Learning – long process of
understanding  Self Exist
 MIND AND SELF – EXPERIENCE AND  Priori Concept – inborn and allows us to
REASON analyze experience
Modern Philosophy Sigmund Freud
 Genuine knowledge – based in rational  Father of Psychoanalysis
inquiry and experimentation rather  Self – Multilayers
than knowledge by authorities o Conscious- we are aware
o Preconscious – could become
Anthropocentric
conscious with little effort
 Rejects reliance on authority o Unconscious – unaware (drives,
 Radical social political intellectual urges, instincts)
developments  Eros – take in nutrients
 Thanatos – death
Rene Descartes
Gulbert Ryle
 I think therefore I am
 Self- Awareness  Pattern Of behavior (observed and
 Thinking Thing measured)
 Thinking self – governed by laws of  Cannot be observed – not important
reason
Paul Churchland
 Physical Body – Governed by laws of
nature  Brain = Self
 Pineal Gland- Place where the soul is  Brain Function
 Eliminative Materialism
Jean-Jacquez Rousseau
Contemporary Philosophy
 Noble savages – innately good but
society diminishes this  Revolutionary
 NATURE  Theory of Evolution

John Locke Edmund Husserl

 Self endures because of memory  Self – unity physical mental
 Conscious awareness and memory  No division of body and soul
 NURTURE
Maurice Merleau-Pointy
 Lived Body – not fragments
David Hume

Sociology
 The self as product of modern society
among other constructions
 Indiv influence the group and vise versa
Self in Sociological Perspective
 Set of perception of who we are in
ourselves, others and social norms
 Shaped through interaction with people
 Not a passive participant
Looking Glass Self
 Charles Horton Cooley
 View of self comes from impression of
how others perceive us
 How we believe others see us
Johari Window
 Enhance my perception on self
 Open Blindspot
 Façade Unknown
Psychology
 Psychoanalytic approach and cognitive
construction
Id
 Pleasure Principle, seek for pleasure
avoid pain
 Animalistic
 Deepest in the unconscious
 Instinct – fight or flight
 Biological
 Illogical
 Child within our own selves
Super Ego
 Values moral of society
 Follows standards
 Wise old man
 Wisdom
 Conscience, guilt and shame
 Tension with ID – anxiety in the ego
Ego
 Developed later on
 Reality principle
 Reconcile id and Super ego
 Aware of inner and outer world
 Conscious
 Aware of actual demands of the world
Weak ego
 Overpowered by Id – impulsiveness
 Controlling SE – overcontrolled – onting
mali sobrang feel of guilt
Anxiety
 Can break your ego
 Mental breakdown
Ego Defense Mechanism
 Repression – Forget memory
 Displacement – release aggression to
others
 Regression – revert to fetus
 Projection – crush mo sya pero sinasabi
mon a ung katabi mo yung may crush sa
kanya, unwanted impulse to another
person
 Sublimation – creative cultural
accomplishment
 Denial – mechanism of ego to push
down but it will resurface again with
cues (wala namang quiz kanina ah)
 Reaction Formation – doing the
opposite
 Rationalization – justification to
undesirable situation
o Sour Graping - negative
attribution
o Sweet Lemoning - put positive
attrib in the midst of neg sit.
Functionalism Self Evaluation
 William James  Looks for traits that are common with
 Conscious Activity the best person
 Material, capacity. Skills
Self Efficacy
Self as Cognitive Construction
 How effective
Symbolic Interactionism
Self Enhancement
 George Herbert Maed
 Need for improvement
 Me – established, validqated by society
 I – active subject Self Esteem
 Me: Matalino ako
 Overall sense of self wortg
 I : Kasi napapasa ko lahat ng majors ko
 How much you appreciate yourself
Imaginary Audience  Conditional Positive Regard – I love you
but I will love you more if …
 Overly conscious
 Unconditional Positive Regard –
Self-Concept develop and regain self esteem give this
to yourself
 Mental representation
 Ideas about self Reference Group

Real and Ideal Self  To be compared with

 Carl Rogers Creation of Identities

 Real – actual  Balance uniqueness and need to
 Ideal – What you want conform with reference group
 Self-actualization can be achieved when
real and ideal are in congruence Antropology

Self as defined by social comparison  Culture and Self

 Leon Festinger
 Temporal – compare self between time
 Dimension – sports > acads
 Social – compare self with others
o Upward – motivated, for
improvement
o Downward – unmotivated feel
good
 Passive
 Active
 Cannot take one from another
Western
 Autonomous, egocentric
Non western
 Identity shared with others
Individualism
 Individual characterisits and motives
 If you are dependent on others you are
shameful
Collectivism
 Role in society
 Following rules by society
 Connect and work with others
 Family communities
Psychosexual Theory of Development
Self in Oriental/Eastern Thought
 Self – embedded in relationships and
through spiritual development in
Confucianism
Physical Self
 Self as impacted by the body
 Concrete dimension
 Initial source of sensation
 Sigmund freud
 Physical body is the core of human
experience (oral, phallic, latency,
genital)

Buddism Psychosocial Theory of Development

 Siddhartha Gautama  Erik Erikson
 We suffer because we focus on self  Role of organs – soecial in early stages
 Denies self  Development of physical and
intellectual – determine whether
Hinduism competent
 Karma
Somatic Society
Taoism  Bryan Turner
 Self supported by equal opposite  New found importance of body in
sensation of otherness contemporary society
 Yin Yang  Obsession beauty

Confucianism Interpersonal attractiveness

 Constructive Process  First : Beauty and Interpersonal is

 Self – centered – unresponsive to universal
others o Complex
 Continuous opening up of self to others o Bilateral symmetry
 Relational and interdependent o Average face, not average body
 Filial Piety  Second: Culture
 Follow authority Eating Disorders
 Anorexia Nervosa – loss of body weight,
refusal to eat
 Bulimia Nervosa – binge eating with or
without vomiting

Lesson 2 : Unpacking the Self Body Dysmorphic Disorder

  Distressing imagined or slight defect in  Hypothalamus – most important –
appearance produces sexual hormones, secreted by
pituary gland
Body Shaming 1. Desire (Libido)
 Criticizing appearances  Want sexual intimacy
 Moment to years
Sexual self 2. Excitement (Arousal)
Biological Perspective of One’s Sex  Muscle Tension
 Heart Rate inc
 Autosomes first 22 pairs  Flushed skin
 Last pair – sex chromosomes  Bloodflow to genitals
Human Reproductive System  Breast become fuller
3. Plateau
 Changes are intensified
4. Orgasm
 Climax
 Involuntary muscle contractions
 begin
 Release of sexual tension
Secondary Sex Characteristics 5. Resolution
 Male:  Return to previous size and
o Adams apple color
o Facial hair
Chemistry of Lust, Attraction and
o Braod shoulders
Attatchment
o Increased body hair
o Pubic hair  Fisher and Rutgers
o Mature genital organs
o Muscular Hormones
 Female  Dopamine – pleasure
o Mature breast  Norepinephrine
o Borader Hips  Serotonin – if high: feel good
o Pubic Hair If low: difficulty sleeping
Erogenous Zones  Oxytocin – natural pain killer
 Vasopressin – allows blood flow, feel
 Libido is centered (Freud) warm
 Heightened sensitivity
 Stimulation – gratifying activities Carl Jung

Sexual Response Cycle  Personal unconscious

 Unconscious – not limited to personal
 Physiological responses in sexual experience
activity  Impersonal unconscious – shared by
everyone
  Across time and across Race there is a  Gender normative – conforms
collective unconscious about self as  Genger non conformative
awhole
 Anima – femininity
Sexual Diversity
 Animus - Masculinity  Sex and genre are not binary categories
 GENDER IDENTITY
Lust
o Who do you think you are
 Shut off prefrontal cortext of brain o Innermost concept as male,
 Hypothalamus (instint, prototype female or blend
signals the pituaty gland to release o How individuals perceive
testosterone and estrogen themselves
o Self Identified
Attraction o Cisgender
 Reward behavior o Transgender
 High dopamine and norepinephrine  Transwoman
 Giddy energetic  Transman
 Shuts of preforontal cortex  GENDER EXPRESSION
o How you demonstrate who you
Attatchment are
o Behavior
 Predominant factor in long term
o Clothing
relationships
o Haircut or voice
 Friendships. parent infant, social
 GENDER ORIENTATION/ATTRACTION
 Oxytocin – cuddle hormone from
o Who you are romantically and
hypothalamus (sex, breastfeeding and
sexually into
childbirth)
o Heterosexual
 and vasopressin
o Homosexual
Sex vs. Gender o Bisexual

Sex Sexual Intercourse

 Biological sex  Unites the couple

 Physical characteristics, genes and  Procreative – creates more people
hormones
Church and Sexuality
 Sexual act “having sex”
 Need for the catholic church to
Gender welcome and love all people regardless
 Set of practices that bring reproductive of sexual orientation
distinctions into social process
 Underlies assumptions abt masculinity
and feminine
 Attitudes, feelings and behaviors that a
given culture associated with a person’s
biological sex
Interpersonal Attraction: Socio  Audience and comedian
Cognitive Perspective
Collection
Love Stories (Stenberg. 1995)
 Many partner
Sacrifice  For acads
 For shopping
Police
Stenberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
 Jealously

Travel
 Cross roads

Pornography
 50 shades

Horror
 Fear and intimidation
 Terror and victim Boys versus girls in the name of love

Recovery Kim and Hatfield (2004)

 Co dependent has high levels of need to  Love types

help  Korean (Collectivist) American (indiv)
 Female associates compassionate love
Garden and life satisfaction
 Water plant  Male associates Passionate love and
 Take out weeds emotions
 Plant love (baby) Gender Difference (Andrade, Walchelke,
 Routine Rodrigues)
 Con: magsasawa
 Intimacy, passion and commitment –
Business predict satisfaction for woman
 Commitment – not a predictor or
 Give and Take
satisfaction
 Less emotional
What are STIs
Fantasy
 Bacteria, virusesm parasites
 Not grounded in reality
 Through unprotected vaginal, anal and
War oral sex
 Sores, lumps, itching, pain, discharge
 Fights
 1M cases
 357 M each year infected by 1 of 4 stis

Humor What is HIV/AIDS

  Virus Possessions and Self-Identity
 Aids – advanced hiv
 Display of Diploma, wearing of
 Human immunodeficiency virus
mamahaling watch
 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
 Destroys infection fighting cd4 Conspicuous Consumption

How to avoid  Status oriented goods to impress others

 Abstinence Loss of Possessions

 Vaccination
 Loss of important aspect of self
 Mutual monogamy
 Negative reaction

Possessions as unstable meanings

Material/Economic Self
 In a constant state of flux
 Self associated to his possessions  Phones

Material Self Pets as Extensions of the self

 BODILY SELF  Positive relationship self esteem and

o Any part of body owning pet
 EXTENDED SELF  Top 5 possessions
o Anything beyond our body  Co therapist – dogs
(psychological ownership)
Spiritual Self
Functions of Possession
 The practice of religion: belief in
 Influence, power, sympathy, social supernatural being and power
status, emotions
Religion
Materialism
 Organized system of ideas about
 Importance attatched to worldy spiritual realm
possessions  Rituals – people attempt to influence
 Consumption – primary source of things beyond their control
satisfaction and motivation o Done repeatedly
o According to calendar or
Symbolic Communication Model o According to crisis
 Possesions as symbolic expressions of o Fasting
identity o Healing
 Symbols and extensions of personal and o Offering
social aspect of identity o Mass
 Possession help people define o Novena
themselves o Rosary
 Positive sense of self Spirituality
 Goods and possessions compensates
for the person lacks
  Individual, no need for formal
organizations
Philippine Mythology
 Hula, tawas kulam dwende diwata
Philippine Ethnic Religious Leaders and
Places
Baylan Undin Of agusan Del Sur
 Shamans
Apung Benita of Ayta
 Mag aanito
Male Babaylan (asog)
 Healers/herbalist
Pilgrimage to mt. Banahaw
 Holy mountain
 Spirits of Filipino Hero dwell
Meaning of Spirituality
 Phenomenological experience
 Has something to do with human being
Stages of Faith Development For
Adocescence
1. Synthetic Concentional stage (12)
o Conformity ro authority
2. Individuative-reflective stage (21)
o Angst and struggle
o Personal responsibility of
beliefs
Logotheraphy
 Vistor Frankl
 Aids individuals to find meaning of life
o Someone – special, fam, friends
o Deed, act or work – passion abt
work
o Suffering – through
contemplation – deeper sense
of self and experiences
Political Self
 Developing Filipino Identity
 Increasing awareness of dysfunctional
and divisive nature
Politics, Citizenship and the self
 POLITICS – actions concerned with
achieving and using power in nation
Active Citizenship
 Everyday forms of participation in
society
 Being future leaders of society
Political Self among Filipinos in the
present
 1 of 4 ppl looks for senatorial
candidates who will not be corrupt
Digital Self
 Self and identity in cyberspace
Cyberpsychology
 How we interact using tech
o Msnger, tinder, viber
 How behavior influenced by tech
o ML, Pokemon go, VR
 How tech can be developed to suit
needs
o Grab, Shoppee, Waze
 How psychological states be affected by
tech
o Netflix, FB, Yt
Self and Identity in the Cyber Space
 Identity – development of self concept
and thoughts and feelings abt self
  Online anonymity
o Chance to present any of 3
selves – misrepresent true
selves
Environments affecting online behavior
 Identifiable Offline World
o Not normal – punished or
ridiculed
 Anonymous Online World
o Masks people wear offline
 Identifiable Online World
o Express hope for selves
o Filtered pics etc
Online Behavior Theories
Equalisation Hypotheiss
 Setting boundaries of what and what
not to share
Responsible use of SocGen
 Are you a good web citizen?
Fear of Missing Out
 Anxious of being left out, constant need
to know what others are doing
 Anxiety when you are not up to date
Digital world Issues and Conflicts
Screen Dependency Disorder
 Emerging
 Failure to redyce screen activities
 Loss of outside interest

 Posting of unique content/complaint in Internet Gaming Disorder

socgen
 Excessive and prolonged internet
 Removal of social cues – increased gaming
social power in online world
 Cognitive and behavioral symptoms
Social identity model of deindividuation  Loss of control
effects theory
 Joining fb grps with similar beliefs
 Strengthen influence of social norms

Impression Management
 Self presenting, editing to reveal socially
desirable attitudes

Role of anonymity in impression

management
 Reserve, isolation, intimacy with fam,
with friends, solitude, anonymity
 Positive – role of privacy in amount of
contact with others
 Negative – increased anti social
behavior
 Autonomy – try new behaviors without
fear of social consequence

Responsible use of Social Media