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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
CONTENTS :
Introduction
Parameter and statistics
Sampling Errors
Sampling Process
Methods of Sampling
>>Probability Sampling
>>Non Probability Sampling
INTRODUCTION
POPULATION
SAMPLE
STATISTICAL
INFERENCE
POPULATION
The entire aggregation of items from which samples
can be drawn is known as a population.
In sampling, the population may refer to the units,
from which the sample is drawn.
Thus, population could consists of all the persons in
the country, or those in a particular geographical
location or a special economic group, depending on
the purpose and coverage of the study.
This is one of the first things the analyst needs to
define properly while conducting a business
research.
“N” represents the size of the population.
SAMPLING
In simple words, sampling consists of obtaining
information from a portion of a larger group or an
universe. Elements are selected in a manner that they yield
almost all information about the whole universe, if and
when selected according to some scientific principles and
procedures.
CENSUS
A complete study of all the elements present in the
population is known as a census. The national population
census is an example of census survey
Merits
1. Data obtained from each and every unit of population.
2. Results: more representative, accurate, reliable.
3. Basis of various surveys.
Demerits
1. More effort ,money , time.
2. Big problem in underdeveloped countries.
SAMPLE
A Sample is a selection of units from the entire group called
the population or universe of interest. It is Subset of a
larger population
Merits
1. Less resources (time, money)
2. Less workload.
3. Gives results with known accuracy that can be
calculated mathematically.
Demerits
1. Difficulties of a representative sample
2. Need for specialized knowledge
3. Chances of bias
The population criteria establish the target population;
that is, the entire set of cases about which the researcher
would like to make generalizations.
Statistical Inference
Statistical inference is the process of drawing
conclusions about the entire population based on
information in a sample.
(Population) Parameters
Convenience Sampling
Quota Sampling
Judgmental Sampling (Purposive Sampling)
Snowball sampling
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
Convenient sample units selected.
Selected neither by probability nor by judgment.
Merit
useful in pilot studies.
Demerit
results usually biased and
unsatisfactory.
QUOTA SAMPLING
Most commonly used in non probability sampling.