Drawing: The Complete Guide to Drawing,

Sketching, Zendoodle & More!

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Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 – The tools of the trade
Chapter 2 – Sketching and Shading
Chapter 3 – Learning about Perspective
Chapter 4 – Drawing from a Photograph
Chapter 5 – Learning about composition
Chapter 6 – Sketching your first landscape
Chapter 7 – Introducing Zendoodle
What can doodles be used for?
Chapter 8 - Understanding the barrel and pincushion elements and shading techniques
Exercises in distortion
Shading
Background shading
Chapter 9 – Improving your drawing and sketching techniques
Charcoal and chalk
Pastels
Gel Pens
Chapter 10 – Finding Support and Help to improve your sketching and drawing ability
Conclusion
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 Introduction

There are so many books written on the subject of art, but what seems to be missing from what’s on
the market is a book that explains art in simple terms and does not require the beginner to buy or
invest in a lot of art materials. How can you practice art without having a lot of materials? Well, you
need to first find out if art is your thing, and this book could save you the embarrassment of having to
explain why all those fancy paints that you bought are no longer being used. Not everyone is cut out
for art. However, there are enough exercises within the book to help you to find out if art is really
your niche. Thus, it’s an ideal book for beginners and will help them to decide in which direction they
wish to go once they have actually played around with the idea of art.

The trend at this time is Zen Doodling, and this book will show you what this is all about, as well as
looking at traditional art in different styles and the potential you have to get up close and personal
with copying or reproducing images from photographs. Learn how to use graphs to help you. Learn
with just the basic minimum of artist materials, and you may find that you have more flare for art than
you first thought. The projects are easy to follow but also allow you to use your own imagination so
that what you are learning is not just a copy of something I produced in my head. It’s yours and that’s
what good art is all about – originality.

We have covered sketching as well because with pencil in hand, and your drawing pad at the ready
you have the opportunity of capturing moments within your life which you may wish to keep in
scrapbook format to share those moments with family and friends in the future.

We have talked about perspective, about sizing images and about how you decide what goes in the
picture and what gets left out. The book is suitable for anyone of any age because the art that is
included is all therapeutic and can help you to enjoy your leisure time doing something rather special.
You may find that you use your Zen doodle for more than making pleasing images. This can be used
on projects such as furniture items and items for the nursery that will be unique. With only a little
learning, you can achieve wonderful things. That’s what this book is all about.
 Chapter 1 – The tools of the trade

As we suggested in the introduction, we are not going to get you to spend a lot of money on something
that you may not enjoy. Instead, we are going to ask you to gather the following things together
because these are the bare minimum and will help you to get into painting and Zen doodle without
buying fancy art items that may simply be placed in a cupboard. The tools that you need are these:

● A ruler
● An HB pencil
● A 3B pencil
● A sketch pad
● A good quality eraser
● Good quality felt tipped pen
● A pencil sharpener

Is that all you need? For the time being it is, although we will also show you how to create little tools
that you can use in your work from ordinary household items. Sketching will require you to use a
pencil and the two types that we have suggested give you both a soft style pencil for shading and a
harder pencil for drawing permanent lines or outlines of your images.

Another tool that would be useful to you is something that you can make yourself from a cereal packet.
Simply cut out an oblong shape and then mark a smaller oblong inside it and cut this out. You are
creating a frame which will be used to help you to prepare your pictures. When you hold his up, you
can see what falls within the frame and this is useful because it helps you to create the perfect
composition when you are drawing from real life.

Should you invest in paints?

The book is mainly concerned with sketching – for a good reason. The pencil is the tool that you will
use for sketching. We will show you how to use both types of pencil. Something that you may want to
invest in at a later stage will be ink, because this can be used to shade in areas of your pictures, but at
this stage of the game, it isn’t necessary to purchase paints. The pictures we will be creating will be
in black and white – the white being taken from the sketch pad that you use and the black being pencil.

If you find that you are talented at drawing, you can move on to using chalk and charcoal, though
before you go that route, you need the basic training that this book will give you. Thus, think of this as
your introduction to sketching, which can be taken further once you have done all of the exercises in
the book. By the time that you have introduced yourself to the techniques that we talk about, you will
be proficient at putting together an image. That’s what sketching is all about. If you fail, you won’t
have spent a lot of money and all of the items that you have bought can be used for other things. Thus,
you have nothing to lose at all.

When you are buying your sketch pad, make it an A4 size because this gives you a lot of scope and the
quality of the paper that you purchase should be similar to that used by watercolor artists. These pads
are not that expensive but they mean that you then have the scope to color your images at a later date,
if that is your wish.

The ruler that you purchase can be either wooden or metal, but we do suggest that it is a solid ruler,
rather than a plastic transparent one, because you will be able to mark things in a much more accurate
way if it is not transparent.

If that’s all that you need to start learning sketching – why do so many books complicate things by
getting you to buy more than this? The fact is that they assume a certain level of expertise and people
who buy these books may not have any expertise at all. Thus, our book is based upon the reader
having no experience and simply wanting to explore their own talents. Even if you consider yourself
to be amateur, the system used within this book are within your grasp and the Zendoodle in particular
should be something that you can use to gather even more experience and use it for practical projects
either around the house or in your school environment.
 Chapter 2 – Sketching and Shading

One of the things that you need to get accustomed to is what your pencils are capable of doing. Make
sure that your pencils are sharp before going further because you need them to be to get the best use
out of them. For these exercises, I would suggest that you use a scrap of paper and even the kind of
paper you have for your computer printer will be good enough when practicing shading. However,
use your sketchpad for the actual pictures. We are going to show you how the lead on a pencil can be
used in different ways to produce different results.

Exercise 1 – Learning to sketch out shapes

When you look at any scene, it is a series of shapes. Even the human figure can be made up from a
series of shapes. If you can think of your picture as being a series of shapes, this makes it easier to
imagine this exercise. I would suggest that you use an apple, an orange and a banana for this exercise.
The apple and orange are basically round and with a little adjustment can be made to look more
detailed, but for the moment, decide where on your picture you want the apple and orange to appear.
The way that you do this is place them onto a table in an arrangement of some sort, look at this with
your cardboard frame and decide exactly where everything will be placed on the image.

Use your HB pencil to draw the two rounds that make up the orange and the apple. Use your pencil
lightly, because the initial lines that form the shapes you are using are just an outline of your idea. In
some circumstances, you may not like your outline and may need to erase it, so never use your pencil
in anything but a light movement across the paper, so that you can erase it if you need to.

Next draw the banana shape as you have it on your table. This is also sketched very lightly so that you
can see that the three objects are placed correctly onto the paper. If objects overlap, that doesn’t
matter. Draw the whole shape because you can always erase the overlapped areas at a later time.

Exercise 2 – Cross Hatching

This is done by having lines going in one direction and then across those lines so that you are forming
a grid like pattern. The closer together the lines, the darker the cross hatching. This is used to shade
areas of your image where the shade differs from the lightest of shades in the image. Try it on your
scrap paper and try different densities so that you can see the difference between close cross hatching
and lines that are wider apart. This should be done with your 3B pencil which gives a softer
rendition.

Exercise 3 - General pencil shading and rubbing

Turn your pencil onto its side so that the lead of the pencil leans against your scrap paper. Now gently
rub the lead against the paper. The harder you rub, the darker the shading. At this stage, we are
showing you basic shading. As you begin to refine your work, you will find that you can invest in
other B pencils that have a different density to them and will enable you to get that shading absolutely
perfect. You don’t have to see lines. It’s almost like coloring in.

Now take your index finger and rub the shading. What this does is soften it and spread the lead onto
areas which are not already covered. This is very useful when you are drawing faces because it
allows soft shading around the jaw line, the neck, the eyes, etc. This is something that can also be
refined at a later stage with the use of pencil stubs which are shaped to do the same thing as your
finger but which are smaller. This means that the rubbing of the pencil can be finer and more detailed.

Exercise 4 – Use of dots

This is rather clever. Draw a circle of dots or create the impression of a circle by dotting your 3B
pencil onto the paper. Make these uniformly apart so that what you are creating is a consistently
colored circle. Now, take your 3B pencil and make the dots at the edge of that circle a little further
apart and then a little further apart again so that as you work toward the outside, the shading becomes
lighter. You control how much black you put onto the paper by using the appropriate amount of dots.
This is a very useful shading technique that is very popular in this day and age and can be used on
pictures such as you are creating of fruit.

Exercise 5 – Contour shading

Draw a face shape onto scrap paper. It’s basically an oval. Remember what we said about the images
that you create being basic shapes at the beginning? Well that’s all you need before you start to refine
the sketch.

Contour shading means going along the lines of a particular area of your drawing and accentuating the
shading to give the impression of depth. Look at the chin area on your sketch. This is where the neck
goes in from the face and having contouring in this area helps you to define the difference in distance
between a viewer looking at the face edge and the neck. Now draw a nose. How good your drawing
is isn’t important. Just make it an average nose and contour shade the sides of the nose to give the
impression that the nose stands out from the face.

From this basic study of sketching, you can see that there are different techniques that are employed
when you are sketching. The first is to create an idea of what shapes the picture will take onto your
sketch pad. The second is to define area by adding shading. Remember, you have an eraser. This is a
valuable tool at the beginning of your experience, because if you get something wrong, you will be
able to correct it.

Now use the above methods on your apple, banana and orange to try and
reproduce what you see when you look at the fruit and the shadows that are cast beneath them. This
practice will help you to gain more confidence with shading and will enable you to draw out a picture
without worrying about the order that the work should take.

Your pencil shading gives the whole image shape. You know that the apple and orange are basically
round and your pencil lines from the initial sketch lightly show this. Now, use your 3B pencil to add
more detail based upon what you see, to try and give the picture a more three dimensional image. It’s
easy once you know how and if you are not happy with your sketch, try another. Practice helps to
make perfect.
 Chapter 3 – Learning About Perspective

When you sketch buildings or landscapes, you will instantly notice that things that are in the
background appear smaller than those in the foreground. Your eyes will be accustomed to seeing
things in this way, but you haven’t yet trained your eyes to translate this into a sketch.

When you know what scenery you would like to sketch, it needs to be something that has buildings
because buildings will help you to understand perspective better. Take your cardboard rectangle
frame and hold it up so that you can decide what exactly you want to include in your image. You may
even want to take a digital photograph of the image that you want to capture because drawing scenery
isn’t very predictable. The weather changes, the shadows move and you can lose what it was that you
initially saw if you haven’t taken a photograph. I always use the iPad because this is a very good tool
for your artwork if you have one. It shows pictures clearly and you can pan into different areas to get
your detail more realistic.

Now draw with your HB pencil the basic shapes that make up the image. If you hold your pencil
toward a distant building and place your finger and thumb to mark the size of the building, you can
then hold this measurement against your sketch pad and this is a tool that is used often to make sure
that the proportions of different buildings are correct. You can double check this using this method.

Angles – Something that is hard when you start to sketch buildings are all of the angles. If you move
position, the angles change. For this exercise, I would suggest you look at your own home and try to
sketch it from different angles so that you can see what works best.

When you look at a building from a corner, the angle changes yet again and
it’s a good idea to try all different angles to see how it works with your home, as well as on a sketch
that you want to do of another building. The other thing to bear in mind is the daylight because this
also helps your perspective. If the light is falling in one direction, you will see window sills and
doorways, whereas if the sun has moved to another position, you may not see this at its best.

Practice with your house and get accustomed to how perspective works. Then try to do a sketch of a
building that you like in scenery that you enjoy. There are certain ways in which you can make your
picture look better, but for the moment, you need to draw the rough shape of the building with your
HB pencil and then flesh it out with hatching or a series of lines in one direction for shading or cross
hatching as explained in the previous chapter.

You will find that architectural images often use hatching and cross hatching because these are very
useful ways of using shading to go with the architectural features found on a building. Remember to
take a digital image as well because you will be able to carry on with your sketch even after you have
gone home. Then start to add the features of the picture such as hills or sky or trees and plants, first
roughly with your HB pencil and then in a more detailed way.

At all times, your perspective has to be right and can be really shown at its best once you add shading
to make your building look more three dimensional. Another place that you can see perspective at
work is when you are trying to sketch a road. Near to you, the road will appear wider. Far away, it
will appear distant. Try to work it out so that what you draw looks like it is in correct perspective.
This helps your pictures to look more realistic. I like drawing the shoreline and one picture that I
drew which helped me with perspective was that of a pier, disappearing into the horizon. The strong
lines of the pier, the skyline and the sea made the picture very interesting. When it was finished, it
was almost as if the sketch was pulling the viewer into the picture.

When you get perspective right, it will have the same effect. Don’t be afraid to erase your lines if you
find that you didn’t get the sketch proportioned correctly. It’s worth it to do it over again to get that
perspective perfect. Look at a typical crowd as the perspective you get of the crowd is also
interesting. People close to you should be more detailed than those in the background. That’s all part
of what the eye sees and should be included in you sketches.
 Chapter 4 – Drawing from a Photograph

This is a wonderful exercise in sketching and it’s so easy to do. If you have a photograph and can
print out a copy of it on computer paper, this will be great to work from. Onto this printed copy, you
need to draw a grid. That means measure to find the center of the page. Draw a line down through the
center. Do the same at the quarter mark. Then do the same thing across the picture so you are left with
a series of squares drawn over the top of the picture. The reason that I am teaching you to draw from
a grid is because it makes the whole process much easier.

Now draw the same grid onto your paper. Use your ruler and your HB pencil. These are guide lines
and can be removed once you have finished your sketch. You will be able to do this with pictures of
your favorite movie stars or heroes as well since there are always lots of images in magazines that
you can use.

Now that you have squares drawn on your photographic image or magazine image and you have the
same kind of grid on your paper, all you need to do is transfer the image that you see square by square
onto your paper. Working in this way, you get the eyes in the right place and everything correctly
proportioned which is important when you are trying to copy an image.

This is a system that you can use for drawing pets, houses or people and if you do have an iPad, you
will find that there are many art apps which actually do this grid for you and show your photograph
with the grid over it on the iPad screen. This is very useful because the light on an iPad is very good
when you are transferring the image over to your sketch pad.

Shading

As you transfer the rough shape from the image to the corresponding box on your drawing, be aware
of things such as lightness and darkness. Dark areas will need to be shaded so that your image
appears in three dimensional format.

Make sure that your pencil is sharpened, so that you have maximum lead available to do the shading
and if you make mistakes along the way, use your eraser to erase that particular square and then start
it again.

The HB pencil is for your general outline of the facial features and is lightly used so that the main
hatching or cross hatching is done with the 3B pencil. By pressing lightly, you will achieve gray that
is relatively light but the more you press onto the page, the more darkness you create. If you find that
you only need to erase small areas, use the point of your eraser and then fill in the correction.

As you work from square to square, you will begin to see the picture build up and will be able to spot
errors. Stand back from your work and look from a distance because sometimes errors are not
apparent close up.

Drawing from a photograph doesn’t really require a lot of skill but the reason that I have included this
is because it’s great practice for drawing from real life. You will find that you learn the different
shading techniques, the way that the eyes and the nose are drawn and will gain a lot of experience
from this simple method of drawing that can be translated into future work that you do.

Storing your picture

When you are drawing with pencil, you will find that your closed sketchpad may produce rub marks.
If you want to avoid this, place a piece of greaseproof paper between the pages or use a piece of
tracing paper. That way, you protect your picture. When you are more advanced with your drawing,
you can actually buy a spray which fixes the surface of the picture so that it no longer risks this kind
of damage.

Pictures from photographs can be used for greetings cards, gifts and special mementos. Once you
have tried this kind of portrait, sit down and look at yourself in a mirror and try to do the same thing
with a self-portrait, though this time without the guide lines but using the pencil as your measure, so
that you get everything in perspective and to the right size.
 Chapter 5 – Learning About Composition

One of the most important aspects of all art is the composition of the piece. For example, you
wouldn’t normally have all of your detail in one corner of the page. Even though you are just
sketching pictures, you do need to respect that composition needs to be thought about. For example,
there are many ways that people use composition that fall within the standard guidelines for the layout
of an aesthetically pleasing image.

The rule of thirds

This is a useful rule and a little more interesting than simply having the subject of the image in the
center of the image. The rule of thirds splits the paper into three sections and if you move your main
target image just to the right or just to the left of the center, you create the possibility of including the
background and making this a relevant part of the picture. For example, if you are sketching a
building, moving it over a little allows you to draw the building and the setting in which the building
is seen.

This is also a useful rule for images of people. Instead of the standard head and shoulders pose, you
move your subject to one side of center and can sketch from any angle. Some people look much better
from the side. By using the rule of thirds, you allow yourself more play space in the background of the
image while drawing attention to the actual focal point of your image.

Lines

Lines are also a great feature in a sketch. If you have the horizon showing the line between the sea and
the sky, you need to know where to place this. This depends upon other lines. For example, if you
have a pier that goes into the sea, you can either move this to one side showing the sea beyond it, or
you can centralize the pier so that the verticals and the horizontals make a great statement.

How high you set the horizon depends on several things. How much detail is there in the sky? How
many clouds or cloud formations do you want to include? Is the sky dramatic, or would it be better
played down. When you hold your rectangular frame against the scene that you want to sketch, move
the frame to several positions and see how the lines look in the image that you are trying to create.

The rule of threes

Often a group of three will look much more interesting than a singular item or a couple of items. Thus,
if you have a group image that you are trying to create, the rule of three helps you to gain great
balance in your image. This could be a group of houses, people, faces or anything at all. It may even
be a group of bushes. The rule of three adds a certain perspective to an image but also gives you a lot
to work with within your composition that will make your sketch look more interesting.

Traditional head and shoulders images

This works for traditional pictures and if you are doing a portrait or a pet portrait will probably be
the best way to go. This is what people expect when you say that you are going to do a portrait. It’s
not obligatory, but it is something that gives you a chance to practice with your sketching of different
parts of the face and that’s a great exercise for improving your shading.

The alternative to the head and shoulders image is to draw a full figure and this can use the rule of
thirds to be really effective. If your figure is standing to the left of the right, the amazing amount of
detail that you can add can be complimentary to the character that you are portraying. For example, a
small girl holding a butterfly would look wonderful in a flower garden. A young boy who is fishing
could be set to one side and the background used to fill out details of the scene, including such things
as natural elements like trees and grass and indeed the river.

The composition of your piece is vital to the success of your work. When you are working on
landscapes, think about the bigger picture and know what you want to include. When you draw still
life, arrange your items so that your picture is aesthetically pleasing to the onlooker’s eye, using these
rules of composition to help you to create the best image possible.
 Chapter 6 – Sketching Your First Landscape

There’s no greater fun than taking your sketchbook and pencil out into the world and finding a place
that is inspiring to sketch. Make sure that you take your cardboard cut-out with you so that you can
hold this up to the scene and decide which elements to include in your sketch and which are
superfluous.

You will need to remember that light will change the scenery that you are looking at and if you think it
is at its best at this moment in time, capture it with a digital image so that you still have this when you
get back home and can continue to refine your sketch later.

Now take your HB pencil and do a rough outline of the shapes that will be included in your picture.
This could include hills, clouds, roads, buildings and plants but at this stage, all that you need to do is
sketch a very rough outline of what is included within the sketch to give you a guide to work within.

Adding more detail

This is done with the HB pencil, keeping the 3B pencil for your shading. Add more detail and don’t
be afraid of making mistakes. It’s not important enough to worry about. For example, you may want to
add branches to trees or a fence or some feature within the sketch that you see in front of you.

I tend to work my sketches in a layering manner. That means that I begin with a basic sketch and then
add to it, layering the shading and detail with the pencil and gradually making that shading and
outlining more defined until I am happy with what I see on the paper. You will need to erase things
occasionally, but that’s not important. It gives you the chance to get things into better perspective.

Use of your sketchbook while working outdoors

You may want to experiment with the use of your sketchbook. Some people enjoy having the paper at
the same angle as it would be if it were held in an easel while others prefer to work on the flat. You
need to try different ways and find the most comfortable for you. Expect to have people come over
and look. If you want to avoid this, it’s better to choose a location where there is not likely to be a lot
of interruption.

The edges of your sketch

If you are thinking of framing your sketch at a later time, you need to think about how you want the
edges of the picture to appear. Many people use a blank edge to their sketches and this works very
well because it creates a space between the frame and the actual detail of the image. Another way of
dealing with this is to take the whole sketch to the edge of the paper and then use a cardboard vignette
when coming to frame the picture, so that it has the same kind of impact.

There is a very good way of making an oval while you work and that is to have a cardboard oval
attached to your sketchpad, drawing only within the oval and being careful not to let your pencil slip
beneath it. This can be attached to your notepad with painter’s tape and when you have finished your
picture, taking this away will reveal a perfect oval, just like old fashioned images and will be very
suitable to frame in a normal frame.

Enhancing your sketches

This is where you may want to try using inks, because you can create wonderful sepia tones to your
image, providing that you don’t overdo it with the ink. This is merely used to give your picture a little
bit of character and should be applied over your pencil work with a fine paintbrush. What this will do
is allow your sketch to show through, but include color instead of just the black and white of the
sketch.

If you want to add green, then I would suggest you also use inks because the quality of the color is so
good, but you can mix inks successfully if you want to create different shades of green so that your
landscape picture has more character.
 Chapter 7 – Introducing Zendoodle

This was never called anything in particular when I used this kind of art in my youth. It was a way for
my mother to keep her children occupied and I can see where the word Zen has come into the picture.
It’s a very calming type of sketching to do and is therapeutic because you are creating something from
nothing. In fact, it’s so therapeutic that hospitals worldwide are using this type of art work to help
people to recover from illness. What it is likely to do is to increase your level of concentration. It is
also likely to allow you to enjoy art even if you have no natural talent for it.

Do you remember how you used to draw things on the outside of your school exercise books? We all
did it at some stage but Zendoodle takes this kind of art a step further. What you need to do is develop
a whole range of patterns that you can use in your artwork and these patterns will include things such
as zigzags, triangles, squares, lines, etc. The only thing you need to remember is that each pattern
should be as uniform as it possibly can be.

Exercise in Zendoodle

For this exercise you need to take out your felt tipped pen. If you are not that confident, you can do it
with pencil, but you will soon learn that you really do have the skill to do this directly without using
the pencil as an outline. Draw a circle. If you don’t have the tools to do this, don’t be concerned. Use
a saucer from the kitchen or a jam jar lid. You just need something that creates a perfect circle. Now
overlap that circle and draw another circle. Finally, draw another circle that overlaps in some way,
so that you are happy with the layout that you have created.

Each little space within your pattern needs to contain a pattern of its own. This can be your choice,
but the easiest to begin with are stripes. These can also vary. You can have thick stripes or thin ones.
Use your ruler and fill one area of your picture with stripes. Color them in if you wish to make them
into thick stripes. There are no real rules in Zendoodle at all, but you should try to make sure that your
lines are nicely straight and that any pattern you fill into any area is consistently neat and tidy. For
example, you may wish to have one area with polka dots. If this is the case, try to make the dots the
same size and if you want an area to look as if it is shaded to give it three dimensional effect, the
polka dots can be set closer together in that area where more shading is required.

The kind of patterns you can use are so varied that people have made sheets of patterns on websites
such as Pinterest so that others can try them. Try to create some for yourself as well. Because of the
diverse nature of this type of art, each piece that you make will be completely original, even if you
use patterns that you have picked up from online. If you use Google Images, and type in the words
“Doodle patterns” you will see that there are loads of images that you can choose from to help you to
develop your doodle styles.
One of the fun things about this type of art is that it’s up to you how far you go. I tend to tell students to
keep a book of patterns. Draw a series of squares into this scrapbook and when you see a new pattern
that you particularly like, add it to your scrapbook so that you can add it to your doodles when you
decide that you want something creative to do.
 What can doodles be used for?

These can be used for all kinds of projects. What you did above was just take a taster of what’s to
come. For example, draw the outline of letters to spell Happy Birthday and then fill in the letters with
all kinds of doodles to make greetings cards. If you want to be more adventurous than that, why not
make pictures to go with a certain room of the house. These can include elements such as leaves or
patterns which really do match off with the theme of the room.

You can sit for hours doing this kind of work and experiment in different patterns to try and create
something really unique. I have even used this kind of doodling on an old guita2 because it seemed
appropriate and looked super.

For a project with the children why not decorate an old toy box. Paint it with white and let the kids do
doodles on it with felt tip pens, creating a design so that their toy box is like no other.

Exercise - Try drawing a triangle. Then draw a different sized triangle that adjoins the last one. Then
add another until you have a total of 8. Each of the separate sections that you have created now needs
to be filled in with different patterns. Try to create a fresh pattern for each of the areas that you have
created.
 Chapter 8 - Understanding the Barrel and Pincushion Elements
and Shading Techniques

When you look at a barrel, it appears to be round. This is for a very good reason. The lines that
appear around the barrel and vertically up through the barrel are not straight lines. This gives the
impression to the eye that there is a bulge. The barrel and pincushion effect allow you to create bulges
and indentations in your doodle art so that it has a more three dimensional effect and this is something
that can add a considerable amount of interest to your image.

I have added a link, so that you can understand what barrel and pincushion distortion is all about. If
you are reading this in print format, please refer to the end of the book where you will find the link in
full that you can type into your browser.
 Exercises in distortion

In order to understand how this works in practice, draw a rectangle. Now add lines to the rectangle
but make sure that they bend in an arc. Then draw lines the other way so that they bend into an arc too.
You will see straight away that this causes distortion. You can use this in all kinds of ways. Using the
drawing that you just did, color in alternate squares so that you are creating tiles or the equivalent of
the squares that you would see on a checker board. You will see the distortion even more clearly.
This is a great effect for making your picture look like areas are lifted or pressed into the background.

Now draw a long tube. Take lines across your tube all the way along, making sure that all of these
lines curve in the same direction as if going with the tube itself. Color in alternative stripes and you
will see that the distortion gives the effect of roundness. This is useful for lettering and for all kinds
of different patterns that you may want to include on your image.
 Shading

Shading also adds a little distortion to an image. Try this. Draw a circle and then imagine it to be the
outside of an apple or orange. Take your felt tipped pen and use dots down one side of the orange to
represent shading. In areas where you want this to appear darker, make your dots closer together and
then as you come to areas where you want it to look lighter, space your dots so that there is more
white background.

Try this on petals. Draw a central circle to represent the center of a flower and then draw loads of
rough petals all the way around it. Where the petal meets the center, use dots close together and
graduate these so that as you reach the center of the petal there are hardly any dots at all. You will see
that this starts to give shape to your petal and works in the same way as shading.

When you are doing doodles such as this, you can use these three dimensional effects to make your
doodle have more visual effect.
 Background shading

This is done in order to emphasize what you have in the foreground. To demonstrate this, draw a
letter O and draw another O inside it. Create doodles to fill in the actual letter so that it looks pretty
but keep your doodle within the letter itself. Do not stray outside the letter. Now take a ruler and
create a series of lines behind the O as background. How close you have your lines together with
determine how much of an impact the background has. As it doesn’t take a lot to try this again, try
several examples. Now try the O with a solid background, filled in with black felt tip. You need to try
and let the ink from the felt tip flow into the different areas rather than creating marks where you are
coloring in.

Place the pictures that you have worked on so that you can look at them from a distance. You will see
that your shading makes a lot of difference to the impact of the image and can use this technique on
your doodles to make everything look great. Now create a doodle of any letter of the alphabet and
give it a background so that you can see exactly what I mean. On this letter, try to use curves lines
within your doodle pattern on the letter that you have chosen as this gives the letter even more impact.
 Chapter 9 – Improving Your Drawing and Sketching Techniques

Now that you have learned basic techniques, you need to improve your drawing and sketching skills.
This is a time when you can invest in more detailed art products because you will have more idea
about what you want to produce and that’s valuable and will guide you in the right direction to
increase your drawing and sketching activities. In this chapter, we have included things that you might
wish to consider to improve your sketching and drawing and as none of the items are that expensive,
they may be good things to invest in if you have found that you enjoy the experience of sketching and
drawing. I have explained more about each of these elements and how it can improve your
experience.
 Charcoal and chalk

These elements are the natural progression from pencil for all kinds of images, but particularly good
for portrait work. Charcoal sticks are the best to work with and you will find that these are used to
create dark shadows and a lot more impact than pencil does. It is easily rubbed with the finger and
can create very professional looking shading. The disadvantage of working with charcoal is that it is
messy and not really suited to kids who need supervision. It gets everywhere! You also have the
disadvantage that your pictures will be ruined unless you protect them with a spray fixative when you
have finished the picture. The advantages are clearly that the work looks more professional and you
get a greater scope of shading possibilities by using charcoal and chalk. Chalk is used to define areas
where you need white to be introduced and is similarly rubbed where necessary to create gray.
 Pastels

I would recommend to anyone who draws faces to invest in a packet of good quality pastels because
the quality of your images will improve tremendously and you will get a good understanding of how
to use them for the creation of skin tones. Pastels make a great alternative for creating the hair, the
eyebrows and the detail in the eyes. If you do portraits and know that you are likely to do a lot, you
can buy a set of pastels in skin tones as well as a set which has a good variety of color. The
advantage is that you will find it won’t run out as quickly as the skin tone colors are the most likely to
get used up first.

Pastels are slightly oily and are usually used like children’s crayons. However, some have a
wonderful chalky consistency and rub into the image perfectly so that when you do cheek tones, you
are able to make subtle changes to the skin that incorporates the shadow and makes it seem to do so
very easily and naturally. Practicing with pastels really will enhance your ability because they give
very lifelike pictures that you can improve upon and alter because you can also rub out the work if
you work carefully and then redo the areas where you find that you have errors. The most likely areas
that this will happen are in the eye, nose and mouth area of the face and pastels give you a chance to
explore your ability more than simply using pencil.
 Gel Pens

These are relatively cheap pens that you can buy on websites such as Amazon.com and are better
suited to all of the work that you do with doodles. The reason we didn’t say to buy these at the
beginning was that they would be a waste of money if you haven’t already established your interest in
doodle. However, if you know that you are going to continue to work with Zendoodle, then it’s worth
investing in a set. The reason is that these give perfect ink flow and thus will give much better shading
than standard felt tipped pens.

Look for the size of the tips as well because you will need some pretty fine tips for detailed work and
these are almost on a par with architect style pens. However, you are likely to need a fair share of
colors for all of your coloring in areas and the nibs on these should be medium and not too fine, or
you will see lines when you are actually coloring in an area which would spoil the effect.

These are not obligatory items, but they are items that will help you to increase your drawing and
sketching repertoire and are worth investing in if you find that you really do enjoy your art. If you find
that you like working outdoors, then having a small portable easel may also be something that you
may consider improving your art experience.
 Chapter 10 – Finding Support and Help to Improve Your
Sketching and Drawing Ability

I have included this small chapter because I thought that it’s necessary for people to know that there is
free support out there on the Internet for would-be artists. One of the best sites that I am aware of is
Deviant Art because what this website offers users is a place to share their creations and to get
advice from more professional artists. The site is welcoming and friendly and does encourage you to
improve the way that you sketch and the advice is very valuable.

If you are looking for support in the drawing that you do, then YouTube is another place that you can
get ideas and get in touch with like-minded people. The good thing about joining Pinterest is that you
can create your own collection of patterns and ideas so that when you get into your sketching, you can
use these ideas and thank the creators of the ideas for their input.

You will then be able to share your work with others in a very similar way because the give and take
of artists on the Internet is amazing. If you get to improve your work and are able to produce good
quality gifts, for example, you will find that websites such as Etsy and eBay are good places to give
you an avenue to sell your work.

With so much open to you, there’s no reason why an artist cannot grow and develop and find a lot of
help behind the scenes that will help them to make the most of their art experience. If you want
something locally, joining a night class or even an art group may be perfect because this will put you
in touch with like-minded people who will encourage you to enjoy your sketching and drawing even
more.
 Conclusion

By the time that you reach the end of this book, you should have tried different exercises and will
know whether sketching and drawing is something that you want to take further. This book covers the
basics and gives ideas that newcomers to this craft will be able to use in order to decide if they want
to take that craft further.

It is always going to worthwhile looking at sketches and drawings to see how others have tackled
difficult subjects and with the knowledge that you now have, you can decide which way you want
your art career to go. One of the main reasons for including Zendoodle into the book was that people
don’t actually need any formal art background to be able to do this and create amazing results. It is
also very useful for people who have stress in their lives and who want to find something to fill their
leisure time that helps them to relax.

With the different projects included in the book, you now have an idea of what each type of drawing
involves and will be able to use what you have learned to go on and improve your own approach to
art. There are literally thousands of books to help you at all levels and now that you have passed the
initial learning stages, you may want to get out there and invest in the extras that we dissuaded you
from purchasing at the beginning of the book. There was a very good reason for this. First you need to
know how serious you are about art and sketching and drawing don’t have to involve spending a great
deal of money.

There are many people who take sketchbooks with them wherever they go. Some of the more famous
sketches in art galleries come from people who simply stopped to look at something they came across
from the artist’s eye. They captured images of something that formed part of their lives. You too can
do that and these may be a very valuable reference for family and friend in the future. Thus, kept
safely, your pictures will tell the story of your experience as an artist.

Zendoodle will also give you a chance to play with a modern art form that can really take on any style
that you choose Using this to create your own original greetings cards, pictures and artwork, you will
find that you not only enjoy it, but you can become very obsessive about it and may even find yourself
up late at night just wanting to fill in one more area of your picture. I know that is the way I found I
developed and honed my craft as an artist. It’s a more relaxed form of art and there are no right and
wrong ways to do it. Even children delight in this form of artwork.

Over the pages of this book, you have been given small exercises to try and I would suggest that now
you have reached the end of the book, you go back over those lessons and try each of the exercises
again to help you to improve your experience as an artist. Try drawing another of your heroes from a
magazine. Try sketching your house from another angle and in another style. You may even find that
you like drawing in a similar way to that used by architects and may even want to invest in architect
style pens that give you the fine lines that you need.

Try a self-portrait and if you have problems with proportions, try chalking the grid lines onto the
mirror that you are using to help you to get the proportions correct. It’s fun and it’s super practice to
help you to start seeing things from an artistic perspective. Learn about perspective and make sure
that you incorporate exercises in drawing and sketching that include a lot of work with perspective. It
doesn’t cost a lot and drawing things as simple as a cardboard box will help you to see how angles
work and how you create an image that appears as if it is three dimensional.

Each of the exercises within the book can be used many times because we didn’t fix a set format for
them. Thus, if you drew triangles last time, try squares this time. Thus, if you drew scenery last time,
try still life this time. The more you practice, the more you are likely to enhance your own skills,
using the techniques that are described within the pages of this book. I hope that the journey has been
an enjoyable one and that you have gained something very special from simply picking up your pencil
and taking the time to learn how to use if from an artistic point of view. Keep your pencils sharpened
and at the ready because the next opportunity for using them may be just around the corner. Keep your
drawing pad at the ready too because the pictures that you draw will become part of the history of
your artwork and will show you all of the development that you have achieved over the course of
your sketching and drawing experience.

Thank you for Reading! I Need Your Help…

Dear Reader,

I Hope you Enjoyed “Drawing: The Complete Guide to Drawing, Sketching, Zendoodle & M ore!
”. I have to tell you, as an

Author, I love feedback! I am always seeking ways to improve my current books and make the next ones better. It’s readers like you

who have the biggest impact on a book's success and development! So, tell me what you liked, what you loved, and even what you hated.

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these days and You the reader have the power make or break the success of a book. If you’d be so kind to CLICK HERE to review the

book, I would greatly appreciate it! Thank you so much again for reading “Drawing: The Complete Guide to Drawing, Sketching,

Zendoodle & More!” and for spending time with me! I will see you in the next one!

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