CBSE

Class 12 Mathematics
Important Questions
Chapter 1
Relations and Functions

4 Marks Questions

1. Let T be the set of all triangles in a plane with R a relation in T given by

R = {(T1, T2): T1 is congruent to T2}.

Show that R is an equivalence relation.

Ans. R is reflexive, since every is congruent to itself.

(T1T2) R similarly (T2T1) R

since T1 T2

(T1T2) R, and (T2,T3) R

(T1T3) R Since three triangles are

congruent to each other.

2. Show that the relation R in the set Z of integers given byR={(a, b) : 2 divides a-b}. is
equivalence relation.

Ans. R is reflexive , as 2 divide a-a = 0

((a,b) R ,(a-b) is divide by 2

(b-a) is divide by 2 Hence (b,a) R hence symmetric.

Let a,b,c Z

If (a,b) R

And (b,c) R

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Then a-b and b-c is divided by 2

a-b +b-c is even

(a-c is even

(a,c) R

Hence it is transitive.

3. Let L be the set of all lines in plane and R be the relation in L define if R = {(l1, L2 ):
L1 is to L2 } . Show that R is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.

Ans. R is not reflexive , as a line L1 cannot be to itself i.e (L1,L1 ) R

L1 L2

L2 L1

(L2,L1) R

L1 L2 and L2 L3

Then L1 can never be to L3 in fact L1 || L3

i.e (L1,L2) R, (L2,L3) R.

But (L1, L3) R

4. Check whether the relation R defined in the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} asR = {(a, b): b = a+1} is

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reflexive, symmetric or transitive.

Ans. R = {(a,b): b= a+1}

Symmetric or transitive

R = {(1,2) (2,3) (3,4) (4,5) (5,6) }

R is not reflective , because (1,1) R

R is not symmetric because (1,2) R but (2,1) R

(1,2) R and (2,3) R

But (1,3) R Hence it is not transitive

5. Let L be the set of all lines in xy plane and R be the relation in L define as R = {(L1,
L2): L1 || L2} Show then R is on equivalence relation.

Find the set of all lines related to the line y=2x+4.

Ans. L1||L1 i.e (L1, L1) R Hence reflexive

L1||L2 then L2 ||L1 i.e (L1L2) R

(L2,L) R Hence symmetric

We know the

L1||L2 and L2||L3

Then L1|| L3

Hence Transitive . y = 2x+K

When K is real number.

6. Show that the relation in the set R of real no. defined R = {(a, b) : a b3 }, is neither
reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.

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Ans. (i) (a, a) Which is false R is not reflexive.

(ii) Which is false R is not symmetric.

(iii) Which is false

7. Let A = N N and * be the binary operation on A define by (a, b) * (c, d) = (a + c, b +

d)Show that * is commutative and associative.

Ans. (i) (a, b) * (c, d) = (a + c, b + d)

= (c + a, d + b)

= (c, d) * (a, b)

Hence commutative

(ii) (a, b) * (c, d) * (e, f)

= (a + c, b + d) * (e, f)

= (a + c + e, b + d + f)

= (a, b) * (c + e, d + f)

= (a, b) * (c, d) * (e, f)

Hence associative.

8. Show that if f: is defining by f(x) = and g:

is define by

g(x) = then fog = IA and gof = IB when ; IA (x) = x,

for all x A, IB(x) = x, for all x B are called identify function on set A and B

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respectively.

Ans. gof (x) =

Which implies that gof = IB

And Fog = IA

9. Let f: N à N be defined by f(x) =

Examine whether the function f is onto, one – one or bijective

Ans.

f is not one – one

1 has two pre images 1 and 2

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Hence f is onto

f is not one – one but onto.

10. Show that the relation R in the set of all books in a library of a collage given by R =
{(x, y) : x and y have same no of pages}, is an equivalence relation.

Ans. (i) (x, x) R, as x and x have the same no of pages for all x R R is reflexive.

(ii) (x, y) R

x and y have the same no. of pages

y and x have the same no. of pages

(y, x) R

(x, y) = (y, x) R is symmetric.

(iii) if (x, y) R, (y, y) R

(x, z) R

R is transitive.

11. Let * be a binary operation. Given by a * b = a – b + abIs * :

(a) Commutative

(B) Associative

Ans. (i) a * b = a – b + ab

b * a = b – a + ab

a * b b * a

(ii) a * (b * c) = a * (b – c + bc)

= a – (b – c + bc) + a. (b – c + bc)

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= a – b + c – bc + ab – ac + abc

(a * b) * c = (a – b + ab) * c

= [ (a – b + ab) – c ] + ( a – b + ab)

= a- b + ab – c + ac – bc + abc

a * (b * c) (a * b) * c.

12. Let f: R à R be f (x) = 2x + 1 and g: R à R be g(x) = x2 – 2 find (i) gof (ii) fog

Ans. (i) gof (x) = g[f(x)]

= g (2x + 1)

= (2x + 1)2 – 2

(ii) fog (x) = f (fx)

= f (2x + 1)

= 2(2x + 1) + 1

= 4x + 2 + 1 = 4x + 3

13. Let A = R – {3} and B = R- {1}. Consider the function of f: A à B defined by

f(x) = is f one – one and onto.

Ans. Let x1 x2 A

Such that f(x1) = f(x2)

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f is one – one

Hence onto

14. Show that the relation R defined in the set A of all triangles asR = { is

similar to T2 }, is an equivalence relation. Consider three right angle triangles T1 with

sides 3, 4, 5. T2 with

sides 5, 12, 13 and T3 with sides 6, 8, 10. Which triangles among T1, T2 and T3 are
related?

Ans. (i) Each triangle is similar to at well and thus (T1, T1) R

R is reflexive.

(ii) (T1, T2) R

T1 is similar to T2

T2 is similar to T1

(T2, T1) R

R is symmetric

(iii) T1 is similar to T2 and T2 is similar to T3

T1 is similar to T3

(T1, T3) R

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 R is transitive.

Hence R is equivalence

(II) part T1 = 3, 4, 5

T2 = 5, 12, 13

T3 = 6, 8, 10

T1 is relative to T3.

15. Determine which of the following operation on the set N are associative and which
are commutative.

(a) a * b = 1 for all a, b N

(B) a * b = for all a, b, N

Ans. (a) a * b = 1

b * a = 1

for all a, b N also

(a * b) * c = 1 * c = 1

a * (b * c) = a * (1) = 1 for all, a, b, c R N

Hence R is both associative and commutative

(b) a * b = , b * a =

Hence commutative.

(a * b) * c =

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=

* is not associative.

17. Let A and B be two sets. Show that f: A B à B A such that f(a, b) = (b, a) is a
bijective function.

Ans. Let (a1 b1) and (a2, b2) A B

(i) f(a1 b1) = f(a2, b2)

b1 = b2 and a1 = a2

(a1 b1) = (a2, b2)

Then f(a1 b1) = f(a2, b2)

(a1 b1) = (a2, b2) for all

(a1 b1) = (a2, b2) A B

(ii) f is injective,

Let (b, a) be an arbitrary

Element of B A. then b B and a A

(a, b) ) (A B)

Thus for all (b, a) B A their exists (a, b) ) (A B)

Hence that

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f(a, b) = (b, a)

So f: A B à B A

Is an onto function.

Hence bijective

18. Show that the relation R defined by (a, b) R (c, d) a + b = b + c on the set N N is
an equivalence relation.

Ans. (a, b) R (c, d) a + b = b + c where a, b, c, d N

(a, b ) R (a, b) a + b = b + a (a, b) N N

R is reflexive

(a, b) R (c, d) a + b

= b + c (a, b ) (c, d) N N

d + a = c + b

c + b = d + a

(c, d) R (a, b) (a, b), (c, d) N N

Hence reflexive.

(a, b) R (c, d) a + d = b + c (1) (a, b), (c, d) N N

(c, d) R (e, f) c + f = d + e (2) (c, d), (e, f) N N

Adding (1) and (2)

(a + b) + [(+f)] = (b + c) + (d + e)

a + f = b + e

(a, b) R (e, f)

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Hence transitive

So equivalence

19. Let * be the binary operation on H given by a * b = L. C. M of a and b. find

(a) 20 * 16

(b) Is * commutative

(c) Is * associative

(d) Find the identity of * in N.

Ans. (i) 20 * 16 = L. C.M of 20 and 16

= 80

(ii) a * b = L.C.M of a and b

= L.C.M of b and a

= b * a

(iii) a * (b * c) = a * (L.C.M of b and c)

= L.C.M of (a and L.C.M of b and c)

= L.C.M of a, b and c

Similarity

(a * b) * c = L. C.M of a, b, and c

(iv) a * 1 = L.C.M of a and 1= a

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=1

20. If the function f: R à R is given by f(x) = and g: R à R is given by g(x) = 2x – 3,

Find

(i) fog

(ii) gof. Is f-1 = g

(iii) fog = gof = x

Ans. (i) fog (x) = f [g(x)]

= f (2x – 3)

= x

(ii) gof (x) = g [f(x)]

= x

(iii) fog = gof = x

Yes,

21. Let L be the set of all lines in Xy plane and R be the relation in L define as R = {(L1,
L2): L1 || L2} Show then R is on equivalence relation.

Find the set of all lines related to the line y=2x+4.

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Ans. L1||L1 i.e (L1, L1) R Hence reflexive

L1||L2 then L2 ||L1 i.e (L1L2) R

(L2, L) R Hence symmetric

We know the

L1||L2 and L2||L3

Then L1|| L3

Hence Transitive. y = 2x+K

When K is real no.

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