VMC Programing Manual

VMC
PART PROGRAMMING
TRAINING
(AVIJIT JANA - MMT)
Basic Milling Machine
Basic milling machine
• Milling machine working principle:
Knee type milling machine
Front view spindle

+z
tool
z
-y x
+x -x y
+y
-z
Basic milling machine
Working principle of milling
machine
• In standard milling machine, operator cuts the job using single tool
which is always clamped in spindle, and by moving the slides
manually.
• Principle of achieving the desired dimension of the job is based on
principle of lead screw pitch.
for e.g.:- If lead screw pitch is = 5mm
then one rotation of lead screw = 1pitch = 5mm
one rotation of hand wheel = 1rotation of lead screw = 5mm
If number of graduations marked on hand wheel = 250
this means 1 graduation = 5/250 = 20 microns
so operator judges the movement of the slide by graduations marked
on the dial of the hand wheel
• Selection of the Spindle speed is manually by levers and speed charts
through a geared head stock
• This process was time consuming and depended lot on operator skills.
History of CNC machines
• Hence numerical control was introduced first.
• In Numerically controlled lathes the slides are moved by motors
instead of using hand wheels, and the slide movement was with the
combination of motor and lead screw rotation.
• With the help of numerical control operator was able to move the
slides by desired amount automatically by giving dimensional
instructions.
i.e If cross slide is required to be moved by 20mm the motor and the
lead screw are supposed to rotate 4 rotations.
Lead screw pitch= 5mm x 4 rotations= 20mm.
• Because numerical controlled machines were open loop, the desired
slide movement was not accurate (*open loop means their was no
confirmation from the slide to the control about its reaching target
points given by dimensional instructions)
• To have more accuracy on positioning of the slides and final job
dimensions computer numerical control machines were introduced
Working principle of NC milling
machine
MOTORS IN PLACE OF
HAND WHEEL
Working principle of CNC Machine
CNC MACHINE IN DETAIL IS A COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL
MACHINE IN WHICH THE OPERATOR HAS TO FEED A SET OF
INSTRUCTIONS IN THE FORM OF NUMERICAL CODES WRITTEN IN
A PERTICULAR SEQUENCE IN THE COMPUTER SYSTEM WHICH IS
CALLED A CNC PROGRAM.
THESE INSTRUCTIONS ARE FURTHER DECODED BY THE
COMPUTER CONTROL INTO COMMANDS WHICH ARE
INSTRUCTIONS TO SERVO DRIVES TO MOVE THE SERVO MOTORS
WHICH ARE COUPLED TO THE BALL SCREWS.
THESE BALL SCREWS ARE COUPLED TO THE SLIDES AND THE
SLIDES MOVE ON PRICIPLE OF BALL SCREW PITCH. IF BALL
SCREW PITCH IS 10MM AND WITH ONE ROTATION OF BALLSCREW
SLIDE MOVES BY 10MM.
THESE MOVEMENTS ARE SENSED BY ENCODERS WHICH ARE
MOUNTED ON MOTOR SHAFT TELL CNC THAT SLIDE HAS MOVED
BY 10MM. THIS IS CALLED CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM.
Difference between conventional
and VMC Machine
CONVENTIONAL MACHINE VMC MACHINE
LEAD SCREW IS USED FOR ALL RECIRCULATING BALLSCREWS ARE

SLIDE MOVEMENTS . USED WHICH HAVE BETTER ACCURACY
AND LIFE.
USES GEARBOXES FOR SPINDLE USES SPECIAL FANUC SPIDLE MOTOR

SPEED VARIATION . WITH DRIVE FOR VARYING THE SPEED
INFINITELY
OPERATORS SKILL IS REQUIRED IN OPERATORS SKILL IS REQUIRED IN

ACHIEVING THE ACCURACIES ON DEVELOPING THE PART PROGRAMS ,
THE FINISHED COMPONENTS. DECIDING TOOL OFFSET ETC.
Difference between conventional
and VMC Machine
COMPARISION:
CONVENTIONAL MACHINE VMC MACHINE
MACHINE SLIDES ARE OPERATED MACHINE SLIDES ARE MOVED BY

THROUGH HAND WHEELS WHICH DIRECTION KEYS THROUGH AXIS
ARE CONNECTED TO LEAD SCREWS SERVO MOTORS CONNECTED TO
THROUGH GEARS. BALLSCREWS
FEED BACK DEVICE FOR SLIDE MOVEMENT, SERVO MOTORS

CONFIRMING EXACT SLIDE MOVEMENT ARE WITH BUILT-IN ENCODERS
IS NOT AVAILABLE. THROUGH WHICH EXACT MOVEMENT
CAN BE MEASURED AND ACHIEVED.
Difference between VMC Machine
and CNC TURNING
CNC TURNING VMC MACHINE
TOOL WILL BE FIXED TOOL WLIL ROTATE
JOB WILL ROTATE JOB WILL BE FIXED
HERE ONLY TWO MAIN HERE THREE MAIN AXIS ARE

AXIS WILL BE THERE THERE X-AXIS ,Y-AXIS,Z-AXIS
X-AXIS AND Z-AXIS
TWO AXIS SIMULTANEOUS THREE AXIS SIMULTANEOUS
MAIN OPERATIONS :- MAIN OPERATIONS :-

TURNING,DRILLING,FACING MILLING,BORING,DRILLING,TAPPING,
THREADING,GROOVING,BORING THREAD MILLING,REAMING
TAPER TURNING/THREADING.
SPINDLE POWER GRAPH
GRAPH:-
HP= KW
11 KW
0.746
6000
0
RPM 4000
2000
FORMULA TO FIND OUT THE
CUTTING SPEED AND RPM
RPM :- Revolution Per Minute (N)
VC :- Cutting Speed
VC= II DN Mtrs / Min

1000
N= VC x 1000 Rev / Min
II D
Machining Symbols
Straightness
Circularity
Flatness
Cylindricity
Parallelism
Perpendicularity (Squareness)
Run out
Position
Concentricity
Symmetry
Type of material
• ISO GRADES FOR MATERIAL:
P= STEEL
P
M M=STAINLESS STEEL
K K= CAST IRON
N N= ALLUMINIUM & NON

FERROUS MATERIALS
S S= HEAT RESISTANT SUPER ALLOYS
H H= HARDENED MATERIALS
Milling Insert material – Tungston / solid carbide / ceramic / diamond / PCBN
TOOL MATERIAL AS PER COMPONANT MATERIAL –

Steel milling / aluminium – tool solid carbide
Cast iron – ceramic
Aluminium – Diamond
60 HRC – CBN / CUBIC BORANITE
•HSS Tooling - for less cutting speed – low cost – utilised for batch production
•Tungston carbide tooling – for high cutting speed – can withstand more heat –
Utilised for mass productionn
What is the role of part programmer
1. Understanding the part drawing.
2. Deciding sequence of operations.
3. Selection of tools.
4. Understanding the machine capabilities.
5. Deciding the speed & feed for the
various operations.
CNC machining center and
specification
• What do specifications implies:
• Machine specifications are very important
aspect for a buyer to understand the
capabilities of machine so that he can
decide which components are possible to
do on machine he is going to buy.
specifications
X-Y-Z AXIS STROKES 800/450/500 RESPECTIVELY(mm)
SPINDLE NOSE FACE TO TABLE TOP 175 - 675(mm)
TABLE SIZE 1000 X 450(mm)

MAX.LOAD ON TABLE 500 Kg
SPINDLE TAPER 7 / 24 (BT- 40)

SPINDLE SPEED 60-6000 rpm
SPINDLE POWER(15 min / cont.) 11 / 7.5 KW

RAPID TRAVERSE – X / Y / Z 24 / 24 / 24 (mtrs/min)
FEED RATE 1 – 10000(mm/min)

GUIDE WAY TYPE LM Type / BOX Type
CHIP TO CHIP TIME 6 sec

MAX.TOOL LENGTH 250(mm)
MAX.TOOL WEIGHT 8 Kg
For winner machine-
Spindle nose face to table top distance = 675 mm
Z axis storke = 500 mm ( from home position )
Day light area length = 175 = ( 675-500)
means at z axis maximum down position 175 mm gap between spindle nose face& table top
• Normaly tool length is 100 mm if it is less then we need to add heght block / voice to hold componant .
•Maximun up to 18 mm diameter drill can be used for drilling operation .
•Chip to chip time = 6 sec ( it may vary with height of job , so calculate half of z axis stroke 500/2 = 250 mm)
•Spindle taper BT 40 – 7/24( diff. between two taper diameter will be 7mm on 24 mm length)
•Spindle center to column front distance = 510 ( disttance calculated in y axis ,so that job should not touch column)
specifications
Following examples show how the specifications play an important role in
machining a perticular job.
• Table size and axis stroke limits decide size of job that can be machined.
• Weight of component depends on the maximum weight carrying capacity of
table.
• Max power of the spindle decides the max material removal rate possible on
the machine.
• Max spindle rpm available on the machine . Different materials require
different RPM for achieving best cutting results and good surface finish.
• Spindle nose to table top decides maximum height of job that can be
machined.
• Positioning accuracy and repeatability of all axis decide the accuracy
achievable on the work piece being machined.
• Automatic tool changer gives an clear picture about maximum number of
tools that can be used during machining.
• Tool shank type of spindle decides which tools to be used o the machine like
BT-40,BT-30 ( ISO TAPER 30, 40,50 ETC)
• Feed rate given in machine gives a choice to user to select best possible
feed rates.
• Rapid traverse rate of all axis , tool change time ( tool to tool & chip to chip)
decides how to cover up idle time in machining to get best possible cycle
time.
Machine coordinate systems
There are three types of machine
co-ordinate systems: -
• Axis coordinate system.
• Work piece co-ordinate system.
• Machine reference point co-ordinate
system.
Axis coordinate system
• Right hand cartesian co-ordinate system is used as a
standard and it is always assumed that cutting tool
moves relative to the work piece.
• X axis :- The x axis is always horizontal and is parallel to
the work holding surface. positive +x when axis is to the
right when looking from spindle towards work piece.
• Z axis :- Z axis is the main machine spindle axis. The z
axis movement is positive in the direction away from
work piece towards spindle.
• Y axis :- Y axis is perpendicular to both x and z axis .
Positive direction of y axis is away from the spindle
looking from spindle towards the work piece.
+
Z Axis
CNC vertical machining center
-
+ Z Axis
-
+ Z Axis
-
+ Z Axis
-
+ Z Axis
-
+ Z Axis
-
+ Z Axis
-
+ Z Axis
-
+ Z Axis
-
+ Z Axis
-
+ Z Axis
-
+ -
X Axis
+ X Axis -
+
X Axis -
+
X Axis
-
+
X Axis
-
+ -
X Axis
+
X Axis
-
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-

-

+
Z Axis
REFERENCE POINT
REFERENCE POINT
+
X Axis -
-
REFERENCE POINT

+
10.000 IF THE STROKES IN MACHINE
Z Axis
REFERENCE CATALOGUE GIVEN ARE

POINT
X 800
490.000
Y450
Z 500
-
REFERENCE POINT
10.000 790.000
+
X Axis -
REFERENCE POINT

+
Z Axis
REFERENCE POINT
+
X Axis -
-
REFERENCE POINT

A SUARE JOB HAS FOUR CORNERS FROM WHERE ALL
THE REQUIRED DIMENSIONS CAN BE PROGRAMMED
AND ARE CALLED WORK PIECE CO ORDINATES IN X &
Y DIRECTIONS
THE JOB HAS TWO MORE

SURFACES & FROM EITHER OF
THESE SURFACES THE DEPTH CAN
BE DEFINED. THIS IS CALLED WORK
Y Y PIECE COORDINATE IN Z DIRECTION
X X
X X
Y
Y

WORK OFF SETS
Work Offset :The distance between the work/job( clamped on the table )
corner when the table is in home position & the spindle center line
Y offset
value
X offset
value
X & Y at reference
WORK OFF SETS
Work Offset :The distance between the work/job( clamped on the table )
top face & the spindle nose face.
z offset
value
OFF SETS
Work Offset: G54, G55, G56, G57, G58, G59
G53 X _______ G56 X G59 X _______
Y _______ Y Y _______
Z ______ Z Z _______
G54 X G57 X
Y Y
Z Z
G55 X G58 X
Y Y
Z Z
Standard co-ordinate system
. y
+
_ +
X
_
METHOD OF TAKING OFFSET
TOUCH THE TOOL TO SIDE A AND TYPE
EXAMPLE:
X -20 & PRESS SOFT KEY (MESURE). 1) IF THE MACHINE VALUE
KEEP THE CURSOR UNDER X OF ANY IN X WHEN TOOL DIA 40 IS
ONE OF THE OFFSETS
TOUCHED TO SIDE ‘A’ IS
DIA 40 A G54 X -250.000,
Y
WHEN WE TYPE X-20.0 AND
- Z
PRESS SOFT
KEY(MEASURE)
FOLLOWING VALUE IS
ENTERED IN X OF G54
TOUCH THE TOOL TO SIDE B AND TYPE
Y -20 & PRESS SOFT KEY (MESURE). X -230.000
KEEP THE CURSOR UNDER Y OF ANY 2) IF THE MACHINE VALUE
ONE OF THE OFFSETS IN Y WHEN TOOL DIA 40 IS
TOUCHED TO SIDE ‘B’ IS
-150.000,
G54 X
Y WHEN WE TYPE Y-20.0 AND
Z PRESS SOFT KEY
( MEASURE)
FOLLOWING VALUE IS
- DIA 40 B
ENTERED IN Y OF G54
Y-130.000
+
Work piece +
Measure X-20.0 -
-
Measure Y-20.0
METHOD OF TAKING OFFSET
TOUCH THE TOOL TO FACE AND TYPE
EXAMPLE:
Z 150 & PRESS SOFT KEY (MESURE). 1) IF THE MACHINE VALUE
KEEP THE CURSOR UNDER Z OF ANY IN Z WHEN TOOL DIA 40 IS
ONE OF THE OFFSETS
TOUCHED TO SIDE JOB
FACE IS -250.000,
G54 X WHEN WE TYPE Z 150.0.0
Y AND PRESS SOFT
Z
KEY(MEASURE)
FOLLOWING VALUE IS
ENTERED IN Z OF G54
Z - 400.000
Z = - 250 before z measure

LENGTH OF TOOL IS 150MM +150
-------------------
Z = - 400 after z measure

OFF SETS
Geometry Offset :The length of tools are entered in

geometry offset
SL TOOL LENGTH LENGTH WEAR TOOL DIA/RADIUS WEAR
NO
01
101.02 0.0 5.0 0.0
Methods of dimensioning (Absolute
& incremental)
There are two methods of dimensioning :-
a. Absolute system of dimensioning or fixed zero system of
dimensioning
b. Incremental system of dimensioning or floating system of
dimensioning
c. These two methods are working as per the standard coordinate
system.
Absolute system of dimensioning or
fixed zero system dimensioning
+Y P2
150
P3
125
P4 100
P1
50
p4
-X +X
-150 -100 - 50 -25 50 100 150
- 25
P7
P5 - 50
P6 -100 P8
-Y
Absolute system of dimensioning or
fixed zero system dimensioning
• P1 ( 50,50)
• P2 (150, 150)
• P3 (- 50, 125)
• P4 (-150, 100)
• P5 (-25, - 50)
• P6 (-100, -100)
• P7 (100, -25)
• P8 (150, -100)
Incremental system of dimensioning or
floating zero system dimensioning
+Y P2
150
P3
125
P4 100
P1
50
p4
-X +X
-150 -100 - 50 -25 50 100 150
- 25
P7
P5 - 50
P6 -100 P8
-Y
Incremental system of dimensioning or
floating zero system dimensioning
• P1 ( 50,50)
• P2 (100, 100)
• P3 (- 200, - 25)
• P4 (-100, - 25)
• P5 (125, - 150)
• P6 (-75, - 50)
• P7 (200, 75)
• P8 (50, -75)
Basics of Programming
Definition of part program:

Preparation of set of instructions to carry
out the machining of the part is called part
programming. These instructions send
suitable signals to the machine unit to
move automatically to manufacture the
part.
Words used In the program
• G - Preparatory Function
• X - X Axis Designator
• Y – Y Axis Designator
• Z - Z Axis Designator
• F - Feed rate
• S - Spindle Speed
• T – Tool selection
• M - Miscellaneous Function
• H – Tool height offset no.
Basics of programming .
What is the data required for programming:
a) Axis coordinate system
b) Offset selection.
c) Basic G Codes.
d) Basic M Codes.
e) Tool programming
f) Format for writing the program.
Basic G Codes
There are 3 Types of Motion

Commands
Positioning / Rapid Motion (G00)
Linear Interpolation (G01)
Circular Interpolation (G02/G03)

Positioning / Rapid Motion (G00)
Tool moves to a certain position in the work co-
ordinate system with an absolute command or to a
position specified distance from the current position
with an increment command at a rapid traverse rate
along a straight line set by the machine tool builder
for each axis independently
Rapid motion is used in programs whenever the tool will

not be machining anything during the motion.
This includes
1. Movement from reference point to safe positioning point
before cutting and after cutting (Parking Position)
2. When tool is retracting to the tool change position
3. Moving back into position for another roughing pass.
Positioning / Rapid Motion (G00) Y+
40
30
(-40,20) (-20,20)
20
3 2
1
10
(0,10)
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 Work Zero (0,0) X+
To move from 1 to 2, command given is G00 X-20. Y20.;

(Rapid Type of positioning)
To move from 2 to 3 command given is G00 X-40.;
(Rapid Type of Positioning)
Linear Interpolation (G01)
Tool moves to a specified point in the work

coordinate system along a straight line
joining start point and final point at the feed
rate specified by the F-code
Whether an axis is moved at a time or
simultaneously two axes are moved, the
movement will be along a straight line. CNC
calculates the feed rate of each axis
independently so that the resultant feed rate is
the programmed feed rate.
Feed rate specified by the F-code remains
effective until a new feed rate is
commanded. It need not be repeated
Linear Interpolation (G01) Y+
40
30
(-40,20) (-20,20)
20
3 2
1
10
(0,10)
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 Work Zero (0,0) X+
To move from 1 to 2, command given is G01X-20Y20F0.1;

(Linear Interpolation ( feed ) Type of positioning)
To move from 2 to 3 command given is G01 X-40 F0.1;
(Linear Interpolation (feed ) Type of Positioning)
Tool moves along a circular path at the feed

rate specified by the F-code
CW/CCW direction depends on right / left
hand co-ordinate systems.
Sl No. Data to be given Command Meaning
G02 CW
1 Rotation direction
G03 CCW
Absolute X Y& Z End point position in the work co-
2 End Point Position
Incremental ordinate system
Distance with direction from start
3 Distance from start point to center I,J,K point to arc center
R Radius of arc
4 Feedrate F Feedrate along the arc
NOTE :- IN R METHOD WE CANNOT PROGRAM A COMPLETE CIRCLE(360)

IF THE ARC IS UP TO 180 deg, R SHOULD BE +VE OR ELSE R WIL BE –VE.
Y Y
G02 G03
X X
Circular interpolation G02/G03
-30.0 S -30.0
S
-15.00
R15
-15.0
35.0 R15
E
20.0 E
35.0 20.0
X0,Y0
X0,Y0
G03 G02
S-Starting point
Clockwise Interpolation E- End point
Absolute Mode: G02 X-15.0 Y20.0 R15. F0.12;
Incremental Mode: G02 X15. Y-15. R15. F0.12;
Counter Clockwise Interpolation
Absolute Mode: G03 X-15.0 Y 20.00 R15. F0.12;
Incremental Mode: G03 X15. Y-15. R15. F0.12;
DIMENSIONING COMMAND
There are two dimensioning commands
G90 :- ABSOLUTE DIMENSIONING COMMAND

(FIXED ZERO SYSTEM)
G91 :- INCREMENTAL DIMENSIONING COMMAND

(FLOATING SYSTEM)
FEED RATE COMMAND
There are two Feed Rate commands
G94 :- Feed per Minute
G95 :- Feed per Revolution

Reference and Dwell time
command
Reference command
G28 :- Return to reference point

use this command with G91(Incremental) only
i.e.., G00 G28 G91 Z0.0;
G04 :- Dwell time command

This command can be used with X and P words.
X with seconds and P with milliseconds
i.e.., G04 X1.0 or G04 P1000;
Tool Length Compensation
Command
• The distance from spindle face to tip of the
tool is entered in the Geometry offset table
( Tool Height )
• During Z axis movement this value is read
and the tool is compensating for this length.
represented by H
G43 – Tool length compensation + ve direction

G44 – Tool length compensation - ve direction
G49 – Tool length compensation cancel
Basic M Codes Used in program
• M-codes are called Miscellaneous functions
• These functions perform certain machine
setting functions such as direction of
spindle rotation, switching on/off the
coolant motor, etc.,
• Some of the M codes are defined by CNC
system and some by machine tool
manufacturer.
Basic M Codes used in the program
1. M00 Conditional Stop.

2. M01 Optional Stop On Request
3. M02 End of Program
4. M03 Spindle start in clock wise direction.
5. M04 Spindle start in counter clock wise direction
6. M05 Spindle stop
7. M06 Tool Change.
8. M07 Coolant on
9. M09 Coolant off.
10. M19 Spindle Orientation.
11. M98 Sub Program Call.
12. M99 Sub Program End and main program call.
13. M30 End of program and return to program start.
Spindle activation:
Spindle is programmable in three ways:

Direction Three M codes are related
to spindle activation
M03: On in fwd direction

M04: On in rev direction
M05: Off
Use fwd (M03) for right hand tools
Use rev (M04) for left hand tools
Coolant:
Two more M codes control flood

coolant:
M07: Turn flood coolant on
M09: Turn flood coolant off
Coolant is, of course, used to cool

and lubricate the cutting operation
TOOL CHANGE:
M code which control the tool change:
M06: Tool change
We should always give tool number

with M6 code
M06 T01
Tool Number 1 is called in spindle
SUB PROGRAM CALL:
Two more M codes control Sub Program Call :
M98: Sub Program call

M99: End of sub program
We should always give program number with

M98 code
M98 P -------
4 DIGIT PROGRAM
NUMBER
Tool programming
• Types of tools used on CNC machines
(Basic guidelines for selecting the tools ,
Mounting of tool, Direction of Rotation of
spindle, Radius, depth of cut)
Control Panel
 There are THREE types of G-codes
 1. Modal 2. One shot 3. Default / System
 Modal G-codes:
 G-codes once programmed, remain active until another G code of
the same group is programmed.
 One shot G-codes:
 G-code which remains active only in the block in which it is
programmed.
 Default / System G-codes:
 G-codes which are active after switching on CNC and they need
not be programmed unless they are replaced by a G code of the
same group.
LIST OF G CODES
• Three type of G codes can be defined as:
• Modal Default One shot
• G 90 G 90 G 04
• G 91
• G 00 G 00 G 28
• G 01
• G 02
• G 03
• G 94 G 54
G 95 G 94
• G 40 G 40
• G 41
• G 42
PROGRAM EDITING
Part program comprises of a string of blocks written one after the other.
Program starts with program number
Consists of series of blocks - dimensional and non-
dimensional data like feed, speed, auxiliary functions etc.,
Program ends with program end code.
Program Number:-
Program Number is useful in identification of a program and calling a
program.
Program Number starts from letter “O” i.e.., o0001;
Program End:-
Character for program end is written in the last block of the part program.
Character for main program end is M02 / M30
Character for sub program end is M99
Program Blocks:-
A program is made up a number of blocks.
Similarly a block is made up a number of words.
Word: Consists of an address character and a string of digits
(alphanumeric character)
An address character is normally an alphabet. (X,Z,S,F ….etc.)
the string of digits may be specified with or without a sign and
with a decimal point. (X-243.127, Z242.127)
N0005 GO1 X -200.000 Z -200.000 M9 F0.3 ;
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION
DIMENSIONAL BLOCK FEED BLOCK
BLOCK NUMBER
PREPARATORY FUNCTION
Program editing
Making a sample program for simple component with one tool
TOOL : DIA 50MM CUTTER, Vc = 200 mtrs/min , F= .4 mm/rev ,

G54, H1
MATERIAL: Alluminium
1MM
25 80 25
80 POSITION X Y
1 0.0 -26.0
2 0.0 106.0
3 130.0 106.0
1MM
4 130.0 -26.0
Z0
2MM
Program editing

G54, H1
1MM
o0001;
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
25 80 25 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
80
M6 T1;
G00 G90 G95 G54 X0.0 Y-26.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0; (y(1+25)& X tool center 0)
M03 S800;
M07;
1MM
Z-2.0;
G01 Y106.0 F0.4;
G00 X130.0;
G01 Y-26.0 F0.4;
M05;
Z0
M09;
2MM
G00 Z50.0;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing

G54, H1
1MM
35 100 35 POSITION X Y
50
1 10.0 -26.0
2 10.0 76.0
3 160.0 76.0
1MM
4 160.0 -26.0
Z0
2MM
Program editing

G54, H1
1MM
o0002;
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
35 100 35
50 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T1;
G00 G90 G95 G54 X10.0 Y-26.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0; (Y(1+25) X(35-25)10)
M03 S800;
M07;
1MM Z-2.0;
G01 Y76.0 F 0.4;
G00 X160.0;
G01 Y-26.0 F0.4;
M05;
Z0 M09;
G00 Z50.0;
2MM
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing
TOOL : DIA 8mm HSS Drill, Vc = 40 mtrs/min , F= .1 mm/rev , G55,

H2 MATERIAL: Alluminium
15 25 25 POSITION X Y
1 15.0 15.0
2 40.0 15.0
3 65.0 15.0
4 65.0 40.0
5 40.0 40.0
25
6 15.0 40.0
15
Z0
15
Program editing
O0003( DRILLING);
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
TOOL : DIA 8mm HSS Drill, Vc = 40 mtrs/min , F= .1 mm/rev , G55,
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
H2 MATERIAL: Alluminium
M6 T2 ( DIA 8MM DRILL);
G00 G90 G95 G55 X15.0 Y15.0;
G43 H2 Z5.0;
15 25 25 M03 S1592;
M07;
G01 Z-15.0 F0.1;
G00 Z5.0;
X40.0 ;
G01 Z-15.0 F0.1;
G00 Z5.0;
25
X65.0;
G01 Z-15.0 F0.1;
G00 Z5.0;
15
Y40.0;
G01 Z-15.0 F0.1;
G00 Z5.0;
X40.0;
G01 Z-15.0 F0.1;
G00Z5.0;
X15.0;
Z0 G01 Z-15.0 F0.1;
G00 Z5.0;
15 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing
O0003( DRILLING);
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T2 ( DIA 8MM DRILL);
G00 G90 G95 G54 X15.0 Y15.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0; (+ve T offset)
M03 S1592;
M07;
M98 P0004;
X40.0 ;
M98 P0004;
X65.0; O0004 ( SUB PROGRAM)
M98 P0004; G01 Z-15.0 F0.1;
Y40.0 ; G00 Z5.0;
M98 P0004; M99;
X40.0;
M98 P0004;
X15.0;
M98 P0004;
Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing
TOOL : DIA 25MM CUTTER, Vc =200mtrs/min ,

F= .4 mm/rev , G56, H4
4 15
3
30 X 30 15
15
15
1 2
5
POSITION X Y
5 1 -17.5 (12.5+5) 2.5
2 57.5 2.5
Z0 3 57.5 57.5
2 4 2.5 57.5
5 2.5 -17.5
Program editing
O0003( SQUARE MILLING);
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T2 ( DIA 25 MM MILLING CUTTER );
G00 G90 G95 G56 X-17.5 Y2.5;
G43 H4 Z5.0;
M03 S2547;
M07;
Z- 2.0 ;
G01 X 57.5 F 0.4;
Y 57.5 ;
X 2.5;
Y -17.5;
G00 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
Program editing

F= .4 mm/rev , G56, H4
15
30 X 30 15
15
15
POSITION X Y
1 -13 7
2 53 7
Z0 3 53 53
2 4 7 53
5 7 -13
Program editing

F= .4 mm/rev , G56, H4

15
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
30 X 30 15
15 G00 G90 G95 G56 X-13.0 Y 7.0;
G43 H4 Z5.0;
5
M03 S1591;
15 M07;
Z- 2.0 ;
G01 X 53.0 F 0.4;
5 Y 53.0 ;
X 7.0;
Y – 13.0;
G00 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
Z0
G28 G91 Z0.0;
2 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
Program editing
TOOL : DIA 16MM END MILL, Vc =80mtrs/min ,

F= .2 mm/rev , G56, H4, 2 FLUTE
POSITION X Y
1 0.0 0.0
2 3.0 0.0
3 3.0 3.0
4 -3.0 3.0
22 X 22
5 -3.0 -3.0
6 3.0 -3.0
7 3.0 0.0
Z0
2 8 0.0 0.0
Program editing

O0003( SQUARE POCKET MILLING);

G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T2 ( DIA 16 MM END MILL CUTTER );
G00 G90 G95 G56 X0.0 Y 0.0;
G43 H4 Z5.0;
M03 S 1591;
M07;
G01 Z- 2.0 F0.2;
X 3.0 ;
Y 3.0 ;
X - 3.0;
Y - 3.0;
22 X 22 X3.0;
Y0.0;
X0.0;
G00 Z50.0;
M05;
Z0
M09;
2
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
Program editing
30
TOOL : DIA 8MM END MILL, Vc =80mtrs/min , F=
.2 mm/rev , G56, H4, 2 FLUTE
POSITI X Y
ON
30
1 -21.0 0.0
2 -15.0 0.0
3 -21.0 0.0
2 O0001;
G28 G91 G0 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M6 T1;
G00 G90 G95 G56 X-21.0 Y0.0;
G43 H4 Z5.0; (X17+4)
M03 S3185;
M07;
22 Z-2.0;
G01 X-15.0 Y0.0 F0.2;
G02 I 15.0 J 0.0;
Z0 G01 X-21.0 Y 0.0 F0.2 ;
2
G00 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 ZO.O;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing
30
30
22
POSITI X Y
ON
Z0 1 -25.0 0.0
2 2 -19.0 0.0
3 -25.0 0.0
Program editing
30
30
O0001;
G28 G91 G0 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M6 T1;
G00 G90 G95 G56 X-25.0 Y0.0;
2
G43 H4 Z5.0;
M03 S1591;
M07;
Z-2.0;
G01 X-19.0 Y0.0 F0.2;
G02 I 19.0 J 0.0;
22
G01 X-25.0 Y 0.0 F0.2 ;
G00 Z50.0;
Z0 M05;
2 M09;
G28 G91 ZO.O;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing
30
POSITION X Y
1 0.0 0.0
2 7.0 0.0
30
3 0.0 0.0
O0009;
G28 G91 G0 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M6 T2( DIA 8MM END MILL);
G00 G90 G95 G57 X0.0 Y0.0;
G43 H5 Z5.0;
M03 S3185;
M07;
G01 Z-2.0F0.2;
22
X7.0 ;
G02 I -7.0 J 0.0;
G01 X0.0 Y 0.0 ;
Z0 G00 Z50.0;
2 M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing
30
POSITION X Y
1 0.0 0.0
2 7.0 0.0
30 3 11.0 0.0
4 0.0 0.0
O0010;
G28 G91 G0 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
G00 G90 G95 G57 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
G43 H5 Z5.0;
M03 S3185;
M07;
G01 Z-2.0F0.2;
30
X7.0 ;
G02 I -7.0 J 0.0;
G01 X11.0;
Z0 G02 I -11.0 J0.0;
2 G01 X0.0 Y 0.0 ;
G00 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
Program editing
30
30
22
POSITION X Y
Z0 1 0.0 0.0
2
2 3.0 0.0
3 0.0 0.0
Program editing
30
O0009;
G28 G91 G0 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
30
M6 T2( DIA 16MM
CUTTER);
G00 G90 G95 G57 X0.0
Y0.0;
G43 H5 Z5.0;
M03 S1591;
M07;
G01 Z-2.0F0.2;
X3.0 ;
22 G02 I -3.0 J 0.0;
G01 X0.0 Y 0.0 ;
G00 Z50.0;
Z0 M05;
2 M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing
30
30
30
POSITION X Y
Z0 1 0.0 0.0
2 2 7.0 0.0
3 11.0 0.0
4 0.0 0.0
Program editing
30
O0010;
G28 G91 G0 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M6 T3( DIA 16 MM END
30
MILL);
G00 G90 G95 G57 X0.0
Y0.0;
G43 H5 Z5.0;
M03 S1591;
M07;
G01 Z-2.0F0.2;
X7.0 ;
30 G02 I -7.0 J 0.0;
G01 X0.0 Y 0.0 ;
G00 Z50.0;
Z0 M05;
2 M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
M30;
Program editing
DRILL DIA 12 & PCD 30 & 15 DEEP

50 100
2
2
70 x 70
100 x 100
• TOOL : DIA 32MM END MILL, Vc = 80mtrs/min , F= 0. 2 mm/rev , H1,

DRILL DIA 12 VC = 40 H2, F = 0.1
• MATERIAL: Aluminum, G57,
Program editing O0009;
GO G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 G91 X0.0 Y0.0;
M6 T1( DIA 32MM CUTTER);
G00 G90 G95 G57 X – 1.0 Y - 20.0;
. G43 Z5.0 H1;
M03 S1100;
M07;
Z- 4.0 ;
G01 Y 101.0 F0.2 ;
X101.0; G0 Z5.0;
Y- 1.0; Y35.0;
X-17.0; G01 Z-15.0 F0.15;
G0 Z5.0; G0 Z5.0;
Y50.0; M09;
100 Z-2.0; M05;
50 G01 X9.0 F0.4; G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G02 I41.0 J0.0 F0.2; G0 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
G0 Z50.0; M30;
M05;
M09;
G0 G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28G91 X0.0 Y0.0;
M6 T2;
G0 G90 G95 G57 X35.0 Y50.0;
G43 Z5.0 H2;
70 x 70 M03 S1200;
M07;
G01 Z-15.0 F0.15;
100 x 100
G0 Z5.0;
X65.0;
G01 Z-15.0 F0.15;
G0 Z5.0;
X50.0 Y65.0;
G01 Z-15.0 F0.15;
Cutter Radius Compensation
The tool path can be shifted to the right or left of the
programmed path by an amount equal to radius of the tool by
using CRC Function
Cutter Radius Compensation G Codes

G - Code Application
G40 Cancel the cutter radius compensation
Compensate for cutter radius to the LEFT of the
G41 programmed path.
Compensate for cutter radius to the RIGHT of
G42 the programmed path.
Work Piece Work Piece
G41 G42
PROGRAMMED PATH
ACTUL TOOL PATH

POINTS TO BE TAKEN CARE WHILE USING G41 & G42
1 POSITION THE CUTTER AWAY FROM PROGRAMMED PATH AT A DISTANCE EQUAL

TO THE CUTTER RADIUS + 1 MM.
2 ALWAYS PROGRAM G41 /G42 IN G01 BLOCK ONLY.
3 CANCELLATION ( G40 ) CAN BE DONE IN G00 OR GO1 BLOCK.
4 TOOL RADIUS SHOULD BE ENTERED IN GEOMETRY OFFSET PAGE AGAINST THE
NUMBER SPECIFIED IN THE PROGRAM ( D )
5 DURING G40 COMMAND , X AND Y AXIS CO-ORDINATE SHOULD BE FROM SPINDLE
CENTRE LINE .
6. CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION FOR CAN NOT BE DONE CONTINUOUS FOR TWO
DIFF. RADIOUS , BUT FOR SQUARE IT CAN WORK
SL TOOL LENGTH WEAR TOOL DIA WEAR

NO /RADIUS - D
1 100.00 0.0 25.0 0.0
•DO NOT CONSIDER TOOL CENTER DURING G41/G42
•M/C WILL CONSIDER TOOL DIAMETER
•GIVE ACTUAL CO-ORDINATES

Program editing
Making a sample program for simple component with one tool with cutter radius compensation
4 TOOL : DIA 50MM CUTTER, Vc = 200 mtrs/min , F= .4 mm/rev ,

3 G54, H1
1MM
o0001;
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
25 80 25
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
80
M6 T1;
G00 G90 G95 G54 X-1.0 Y-26.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0;
M03 S800;
M07; POSITION X Y
Z-2.0;
G01 G41 DI X25.0 F0.4; 1 -1.0 -26.0
1MM
Y81.0 ;
G00 X105.0; 2 25.0
G01 Y-1.0;
1&2 5 3 81.0
G00 G40 Y-30.0;
4 105.0
M05; (25+80)
Z0 M09; 5 -1.0
G00 Z50.0;
2MM
G28 G91 Z0.0; 6 - 30.0
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;

M30;
Program editing

G54, H1
1MM
POSITION X Y
25 80 25
80
1 -1.0 -26.0
2 25.0
3 81.0
4 105.0
5 -1.0
1MM
6 130.0 - 30.0
Z0
2MM
Program editing

G54, H1
1MM
o0001;
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
25 80 25 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
80
M6 T1;
G00 G90 G95 G54 X-1.0 Y-26.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0;
M03 S800;
M07;
Z-2.0;
1MM
G01 G41 DI X25.0 F0.4;
Y81.0 ;
G00 X105.0;
G01 Y- 1.0 F0.4;
G00 G40 X130.0 Y- 26.0;
M05;
Z0 M09;
G00 Z50.0;
2MM
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing
4 TOOL : DIA 50MM CUTTER, Vc = 200 mtrs/min , F= .4 mm/rev ,

3 G54, H1
1MM
o0002;
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
35 100 35 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
50
M6 T1;
G00 G90 G95 G54 X9.0 Y-26.0;(CONSIDER T-CENTER)
G43 H1 Z5.0;
M03 S800;
M07; POSITION X Y
Z-2.0;
1MM
G01G41 D1 X35.0 F0.4 ; 1 9.0 -26.0
Y56.0;(WITHOUT T-CENTER) 2 35
X 135.0; 3 56.0
1&2 5 Y-1.0; 4 135.0
G40 G00 Y-30.0;
M05; 5 -1.0
Z0 M09; 4 -30.0
G00 Z50.0;
2MM
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing

G54, H1
1MM
35 100 35
50
POSITION X Y
1 9.0 -26.0
2 35
3 51.0
4 135.0
1MM 5 -1.0
6 160.0 -30.0
Z0
2MM
Program editing

G54, H1
1MM
o0002;
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
35 100 35
50 M6 T1;
G00 G90 G95 G54 X9.0 Y-26.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0;
M03 S800;
M07;
Z-2.0;
G01G41 D1 X35.0 F0.4 ;
1MM Y51;
G0 X 135.0;
G01 Y- 1.0 F0.4;
G00 G40 X160.0 Y- 26.0;
M05;
M09;
Z0
G00 Z50.0;
2MM G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing

F= .4 mm/rev , G56, H4
5 4
15
30 X 30 15
15
15 POSITION X Y
1&2 3
1 -17.5 (5 + 12.5) 1.5 (15 - 12.5-1)
X0,Z0 5
2 15.0
3 45.0 (15+30)
6&7
4 45.0 (15+30)
Z0 5 15.0
2 6 -5.0
7 -20.0
Program editing

G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
G00 G90 G95 G56 X-17.5 Y1.5;
G43 H4 Z5.0;
M03 S2547;
M07;
Z- 2.0 ;
G01 G42 D2 Y 15.0 F 0.4;
X 45.0;
Y 45.0 ;
X 15.0;
Y – 5.0;
G00 G40 Y -20.0;
Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
Program editing

F= .4 mm/rev , G56, H4
15
30 X 30 15
15
15 POSITION X Y
1 -13.0 6.0
5
2 15.0
3 45.0
4 45.0
5 15.0
Z0
6 -5.0
2
7 -15.0
Program editing

F= .4 mm/rev , G56, H4

15 G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 G0 G91 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
15
30 X 30 15 G00 G90 G95 G56 X-13.0 Y6.0;
G43 H4 Z5.0;
5 M03 S1591;
M07;
15
Z- 2.0 ;
G01 G42 D4 Y 15.0 F 0.4;
5 X 45.0;
Y 45.0 ;
X 15.0;
Y – 1.0;
G00 G40 X7.0 Y- 13.0 ;
Z50.0;
Z0 M05;
2 M09;
G28 G0 G91 Z0.0;
G28 G0 G91 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
Program editing

POSITION X Y
1 0.0 0.0
2 11.0 0.0
3 11.0 11.0
4 -11.0 11.0
22 X 22
5 -11.0 -11.0
6 11.0 -11.0
7 11.0 0.0
Z0
2 8 0.0 0.0
Program editing
O0003( SQUARE POCKET MILLING);

G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T2 ( DIA 16 MM END MILL CUTTER );
G00 G90 G95 G56 X0.0 Y 0.0;
G43 H4 Z5.0;
M03 S 1591;
M07;
G01 Z- 2.0 F0.2;
G41 X 11.0 D4 ;
Y 11.0 ;
X -11.0;
Y – 11.0;
X11.0;
22 X 22 Y0.0;
G40 G00 X0.0 Y0.0;
G00 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
Z0
G28 G91 Z0.0;
2
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
E
E END POINT OF ARC
S
S START PONT OF ARC CENTER OF ARC J
J Center of arc -I
Details –
From start point to center of arc towards –ve diren
then I = -ve value
I
G02 I 11.0 J 0.0;
I – DIST. FROM START POINT OF ARC TO

CENTER POINT OF ARC ALONG X –AXIS
J – DIST. FROM START POINT OF ARC TO

CENTER POINT OF ARC ALONG Y –AXIS
K – DIST. FROM START POINT OF ARC TO

CENTER POINT OF ARC ALONG Z –AXIS
IN G02 I11 J0.0 START POINT OF RADIOUS ALONG X AXIS , HENCE J =0.0
Program editing
30
POSITI X Y
ON
30
1 -21.0 0.0
2 -11.0 0.0
3 -21.0 0.0
O0001;
2
G28 G91 G0 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M6 T1;
G00 G90 G95 G56 X-21.0 Y0.0;
G43 H4 Z5.0;
M03 S3185;
M07;
Z-2.0;
22
G01 G41 X-11.0 Y0.0 F0.2;
G02 I 11.0 J 0.0;
G01 G40 X-21.0 Y 0.0 F0.2 ;
Z0 G00 Z50.0;
2 M05;
M09;
G28 G91 ZO.O;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
Program editing
30
30
22 POSITI X Y
ON
1 -25.0 0.0
Z0
2 -11.0 0.0
2
3 -25.0 0.0
Program editing
30
O0001;
30 G28 G91 G00 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M6 T1;
G00 G90 G95 G56 X-25.0 Y0.0;
G43 H4 Z5.0;
2 M03 S1591;
M07;
Z-2.0;
G01 G41 D4 X-11.0 Y0.0 F0.2;
G02 I 11.0 J 0.0;
G01 G40 X-25.0 Y 0.0 F0.2 ;
G00 Z50.0;
22 M05;
M09;
G28 G91 ZO.O;
Z0 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
2 M30;
Program editing
30
30
22
POSITIO X Y
N
1 0.0 0.0
Z0 2 11.0 0.0
2
3 0.0 0.0
Program editing
30
O0009;
G28 G91 G0 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
30
G00 G90 G95 G57 X0.0 Y0.0;
G43 H5 Z5.0;
M03 S1591;
M07;
G01 Z-2.0 F0.2;
G42 X 11.0 Y0.0 D5 ; details
G02 I -11.0 J 0.0;
G01 G40 X0.0 Y 0.0 ;
22 G00 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
Z0 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
2 M30;
Details -
•If start point & e. p. of arc same then give start
point only
Program editing
30
30
30
POSITION X Y
Z0
2
1 0.0 0.0
2 15.0 0.0
3 0.0 0.0
Program editing
30
O0010;
G28 G91 G0 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
G00 G90 G95 G57 X0.0 Y0.0;
30 G43 H5 Z5.0;
M03 S3185;
M07;
G01 Z-2.0F0.2;
G01 G42 D4 X15.0;
G02 I -15.0 J0.0; details
G01 G40 X0.0 Y 0.0 ;
G00 Z50.0;
M05;
30 M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
Z0 M30;
2
Details –
From start point to center of arc towards
–ve diren then I = -ve value
Program editing
30
O0010;
G28 G91 G0 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
G00 G90 G95 G57 X0.0 Y0.0;
30 G43 H5 Z5.0;
M03 S3185;
M07;
G01 Z-2.0F0.2;
G01 G42 D4 X-15.0;
G02 I 15.0 J0.0; details
G01 G40 X0.0 Y 0.0 ;
G00 Z50.0;
M05;
30 M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
Z0 M30;
2
Details –
From start point to center of arc towards
+ve diren then I = + ve value
CANNED CYCLE
 A single G programming word that performs a series of
commands that would otherwise require multiple lines of
programming.
 There are at least two reasons for using canned cycles. The
first is the economy of code. A single bore would take several
lines of code to execute.
 The second reason to use a canned cycle is that they all

produce preliminary moves and returns that you can
anticipate and control regardless of the start point of the
Canned Cycle
2/7/2019
MULTIPLE REPEATITIVE CANNED CYCLE
G81 DRILLING CYCLE. G81
G81 X_ Y_ Z _ R _ F_ ;
X = Hole Position In X Axis.

Y = Hole Position In Y Axis.
Z = Depth Of Hole.
R = Retraction Plane
F = Feed
G81( G98) G81( G99)
INITIAL
LEVEL
POINT R POINT R
Z0.0 Z0.0
2/7/2019
HOLE BOTTOM HOLE BOTTOM
60.0 Program editing
40.0
O0001( DRILLING);
20.0
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T1 (DIA 8 MM HSS DRILL);
G00 G90 G95 G54 X20.0 Y 30.0;
30.0
G43 H1 Z5.0;
M03 S 3185;
M07;
G99G81 Z- 22.0 R2.0 F0.1;
Z0
X40.0 ;
X60.0 ;
G00 G80 Z50.0;
20.0
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
TOOL : DIA 8MM HSS DRILL, Vc =40mtrs/min ,
M30;
F= .1 mm/rev , G54, H1,
G82 BORING CYCLE ( Spot Facing, Counter Sinking, Chamfering) . G82
G82 X_ Y_ Z _ R _ F_ P_;
Z = Depth Of Hole.
F = Feed
P = Dwell Time
G82( G98) G82( G99)
INITIAL
LEVEL
POINT R POINT R
Z0.0 Z0.0
2/7/2019
Program editing
45.0
O0001( DRILLING);
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
25.0
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
G00 G90 G95 G54 X25.0 Y 35.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0;
35.0
M03 S 3185;
M07;
G99G81 Z- 17.0 R2.0 F0.1;
X45.0 ;
G00 G80 Z50.0;
8.0
M05;
Z0
M09;
10.0 G28 G91 Z0.0;
15.0 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T2 ( DIA 8 MM BORING BAR);
G00 G90 G95 G54 X25.0 Y35.0;
6.0 G43 H2 Z5.0;
M03 S1500;
M07;
TOOL1 : DIA 6MM HSS DRILL, Vc =40mtrs/min , G99 G82 Z- 10.0 R2.0 P1000 F0.12;
F= 0 .1 mm/rev , G54, H1
X45.0; (dwell)
TOOL2 : DIA 8 MM BORING BAR Vc = 60Mtrs/Min G00 G80 Z50.0;
F = 0 .12MM/Rev, G54, H2, M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
G83 PECK DRILLING .
G83 X_ Y_ Z _ R _ F_ Q_; G83
Z = Depth Of Hole.
F = Feed
Q = Peck Amount
G83( G98) G83( G99)
INITIAL INITIAL
LEVEL LEVEL
POINT R POINT R
Z0.0 Z0.0
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q Q
2/7/2019 HOLE BOTTOM HOLE BOTTOM
40.0
20.0
O0001( DRILLING);
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
30.0 G00 G90 G95 G54 X20.0 Y 30.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0;
M03 S 3185;
M07;
G99G83 Z- 34.0 R2.0 Q10.0 F0.1;
Z0
X40.0 ;
X60.0 ;
30.0
G00 G80 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
TOOL : DIA 8MM HSS DRILL, Vc =40mtrs/min ,
F= .1 mm/rev , G54, H1, M30;
G73 HIGH SPEED PECK DRILLING .
G73 X_ Y_ Z _ R _ F_ Q_; G73
Z = Depth Of Hole.
F = Feed
Q = Peck Amount
G73( G98) G73( G99)
INITIAL INITIAL
LEVEL LEVEL
POINT R POINT R
Z0.0 Z0.0
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q Q
2/7/2019 HOLE BOTTOM HOLE BOTTOM
40.0
20.0 O0001( DRILLING);

G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
30.0
G00 G90 G95 G54 X20.0 Y 30.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0;
M03 S 3185;
M07;
Z0
G99G73 Z- 34.0 R2.0 Q10.0 F0.1;
X40.0 ;
30.0
X60.0 ;
G00 G80 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
TOOL : DIA 8MM HSS DRILL, Vc =40mtrs/min , G28 G91 Z0.0;
F= .1 mm/rev , G54, H1,
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
G84 TAPPING CYCLE.
G84 X_ Y_ Z _ R _ F_ ; G84
Z = Depth Of Hole.
M29 RIGID TAPPING ON
R = Retraction Plane M28 RIGID TAPPING OFF
F = Feed (pitch)
G84( G98) G84( G99)
INITIAL
LEVEL
POINT R POINT R
CCW
Z0.0 Z0.0
2/7/2019
CW
40.0
20.0 O0001( Tapping);

G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T1 (M12 X 1.75 TAP);
30.0 G00 G90 G95 G54 X20.0 Y 30.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0;
M03 S 1000;
M07;
M29;
Z0 G99 G84 Z- 20.0 R2.0 F1.75;
X40.0 ;
30.0 X60.0 ;
M28;
G00 G80 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
TOOL : M12 X 1.75 TAP, Vc =40mtrs/min , G28 G91 Z0.0;
F=Pitch , G54, H1,
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
40.0
O0001( DRILLING);
20.0 G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T1 (M12 X 1.75 TAP);
G00 G90 G95 G54 X20.0 Y 30.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0;
30.0 M03 S 3185;
M07;
M29; rigid tapping on
G99 G84 Z- 20.0 R2.0 F1.75;
X40.0 ;
Z0 X60.0 ;
M28; rigid tapping off
G00 G80 Z50.0;
30.0
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
TOOL : M12 X 1.75 TAP, Vc =40mtrs/min ,
F=Pitch , G54, H1, Rigid tapping :
MATERIAL: Alluminium * Synchronization of feed with spindle RPM.
* In-between operation power off
Safety. Take tap out using lub inch
G74 LEFT HANDTAPPING CYCLE. G74
G74 X_ Y_ Z _ R _ F_ ;

Y = Hole Position In Y Axis. M29 RIGID TAPPING ON
Z = Depth Of Hole. M28 RIGID TAPPING OFF
F = Feed (pitch)
G74( G98) G74( G99)
INITIAL
LEVEL
POINT R POINT R
CW CW
Z0.0 Z0.0
2/7/2019
CCW CCW
40.0
20.0 O0001( Tapping);

G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T1 (M12 X 1.75 LEFT HAND TAP);
30.0 G00 G90 G95 G54 X20.0 Y 30.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0;
M03 S1000;
M07;
Z0 M29;
G99 G74 Z- 20.0 R2.0 F1.75;
30.0 X40.0 ;
X60.0 ;
M28;
G00 G80 Z50.0;
TOOL : M12 X 1.75 LEFT HAND TAP, Vc M05;
=40mtrs/min , F=Pitch , G54, H1, M09;
MATERIAL: Alluminium G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
G85 REAMING CYCLE G85
G85 X_ Y_ Z _ R _ F_ ;
X = Hole Position In X Axis. TOOL WILL RETRACT FROM

Y = Hole Position In Y Axis. HOLE BOTTOM TO R POINT IN
Z = Depth Of Hole. FEED MOTION
F = Feed
G85( G98) G85( G99)
INITIAL
LEVEL
POINT R POINT R
Z0.0 Z0.0
2/7/2019
Program editing
45.0
O0001;
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
25.0
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T1 (DIA 7.5MM HSS DRILL);
G00 G90 G95 G54 X25.0 Y 35.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0;
35.0
M03 S 2553;
M07;
G99G81 Z- 17.0 R2.0 F0.12;
X45.0 ;
G00 G80 Z50.0;
8.0 M05;
Z0
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
15.0 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M6 T2 ( DIA 8 MM REAMER);
G00 G99 G85 G54 X25.0 Y35.0;
G43 H2 Z5.0;
M03 S1500;
M07;
TOOL1 : DIA 7.5MM HSS DRILL, Vc =60mtrs/min G99 G85 Z- 16.0 R2.0 F0.1;
, F= .12 mm/rev , G54, H1
X45.0;
TOOL2 : DIA 8 MM REAMER Vc = 40Mtrs/Min G00 G80 Z50.0;
F = = .1MM/Rev, G54, H2, M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M30;
G86 ROUGH BORING CYCLE G86
G86 X_ Y_ Z _ R _ F_ ;

Z = Depth Of Hole.
F = Feed
G86( G98) G86( G99)
INITIAL
LEVEL
POINT R POINT R
Z0.0 Z0.0
2/7/2019
Program editing
O0001(BORING);
5 G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
5
M6 T1 (BORING TOOL);
15 G00 G90 G95 G54 X20.0 Y 35.0;
G43 H1 Z30.0;
Z0 M03 S 1500;
M07;
G98 G86 Z- 1.0 R17.0 F0.1;
X50.0 R22.0;
Dia 20 X80.0 R27.0;
G00 G80 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
35 G28 G91 Z0.0;
20 30 30 20 G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
G76 FINE BORING CYCLE G76
G76 X_ Y_ Z _ R _ Q _ F_ ;
Z = Depth Of Hole.
F = Feed
Q = Shift Amount at the bottom of hole.
G76( G98) G76( G99)
INITIAL
LEVEL
POINT R POINT R
Z0.0 Z0.0
Q Q
2/7/2019
Program editing
O0001 (BORING);
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
5 M6 T1 (BORING TOOL);
5 G00 G90 G95 G54 X20.0 Y 35.0;
G43 H1 Z30.0;
15 M03 S 1500;
M07;
Z0 G98 G76 Z- 1.0 R17.0 Q 0.5 F0.1;
X50.0 R22.0;
X80.0 R27.0;
G00 G80 Z50.0;
Dia 20
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
35 M30;
20 30 30 20
POLAR CO-ORDINATE COMMAND
• G16 – POLAR CO-ORDINATE ON

• G15 – POLAR CO-ORDINATE OFF
The end point co-ordinate value can be input in polar co-ordinates.

i.e. Radius and angle by using this command.
The radius is specified in X axis

and angle is specified in the Y axis.
IN CLOCK WISE ANGLE ROTATION, Y SHOULD BE +VE AND

ANTI-CLOCK WISE ANGLE ROTATION , Y SHOULD BE -VE.
Program editing
O0001( DRILLING);
Dia 8 x 160 pcd G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
G00 G90 G95 G54 X80.0 Y0.0;
G43 H1 Z5.0; X(PCD 160, R=80)
M03 S 3185;
45 M07;
G16;
G98 G81 Z- 20.0 R3.0 F0.1;
Y45, (angle c-wise +ve)
Y90;
Y135;
Y180;
Z0 Y225;
Y270;
Y315;
18 G15;
G00 G80 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
DATA SETTING (G10)
• The available work-piece co-ordinate systems

are six. i.e. From G54 to G59. There might be a
situation where in the no. of components to be
machined on a fixture exceeds six nos. then the
work offsets for each component station should
be entered by data setting.
• Work offsets and Tool offsets can be entered
through program by using G10
Format for entering work offset through programming,
G10 L2 (P1 to P6 ) X___ Y___ Z___
• G10 – Automatic offset loading

• L2 – Command to load in work offset page
• L10 - Command to load in tool offset page
• P1 – Command to load work offset no. G54
G00 G28 G91 Z0.0; FOR 1 ST JOB
G00 G28 G91 Z0.0; FOR 3 RD JOB
G00 G28 G91 X0.0 Y 0.0;
G10 L2 P1 X -350.0 Y -150.0 Z-200.0;
M6 T01; ( 1ST TOOL)
G00 G90 G54 G95 X 20.0 Y 20.0 ;
G10 L2 P1 X -250.0 Y -150.0 Z-200.0;
G00 G90 G54 G95 X 20.0 Y 20.0 ; G43 Z 50.0 H1;
G43 Z 50.0 H1;
---
--- ----
----
M05
M05
G00 G28 G91 Z0.0; FOR 1 ST JOB
G00 G28 G91 Z0.0; FOR 2 ND JOB
M06 T02 ( 2ND TOOL )
G10 L2 P1 X -300.0 Y -150.0 Z-200.0;
G10 L2 P1 X -250.0 Y -150.0 Z-200.0;
G00 G90 G54 G95 X 20.0 Y 20.0 ;
G00 G90 G54 G95 X 20.0 Y 20.0 ;
G43 Z 50.0 H1;
G43 Z 50.0 H1;
--- ---
---- ----
M05 M05
G00 G28 G91 Z0.0;

Hole Repetitions Functions (K)
When N no. of equi spaced holes are to be machined in an canned

cycle it can be easily done by using K (no of repeats.) The program
has to be done in incremental mode.
If K0 is specified in a block containing X,Y co-ordinates after the

mention of canned cycles, then the operation is not performed for
that particular block.
Program editing
10
O0001( DRILLING);
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
G00 G90 G95 G54 X10.0 Y- 10.0;
10 180 G43 H1 Z5.0;
M03 S 3185;
6 M07;
10
G91;
G98G81 Z- 12.0 R- 3.0 F0.1;
X6.0 K35 ;
G00 G80 Z50.0;
M05;
M09;
Drill dia 4 G28 G91 Z0.0;
36 nos of holes G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
M30;
LOCAL CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM (G52)
• G52 – Local co-ordinate system setting
• When a program is created in a work-piece co-ordinate

system. A child co-ordinate system can be set for easier
programming. Such a child co-ordinate system is
referred to as a local co-ordinate system.
• Format :- G00 G90 G54 G52 X_ Y_ Z_
• By this command a child co-ordinate system will be set
with its origin at distance of X,Y,and Z from origin of G54.
• In the same way local co-ordinate systems can be set in
all the work-piece co-ordinate system.Local co-ordinate
system can be cancelled using G52 X0.0 Y0.0 Z0.0
Program editing
O0001( DRILLING);
G28 G91 GOO Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
45 M6 T3 (DIA 10 MM HSS DRILL);
5.0 G00 G90 G95 G58 X20.0 Y- 20.0;
G43 H3 Z5.0;
M03 S 2000;
90.0
M07;
5.0 M98 P100;
G58 G52 X- 5.0 Y- 45.0;
5.0 M98 P100;
G52 X0.0 Y0.0;
G58 G52 X5.0 Y- 90.0;
M98 P100;
G52 X0.0 Y0.0;
M05;
M09;
G28 G91 Z0.0;
G28 X0.0 Y0.0 ;
2 holes, dia 10.0 thru. M30;
20.0 O0100;
G00 X 20.0 Y- 20.0 M7;
G98 G81 Z-10.0 R3.0 F0.12;
X70.0;
20.0 50.0 G80;
M99;
END
OF
PROGRAM

VMC Programing Manual

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VMC Programing Manual

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VMC

Knee type milling machine

Front view spindle

LEAD SCREW IS USED FOR ALL RECIRCULATING BALLSCREWS ARE

USES GEARBOXES FOR SPINDLE USES SPECIAL FANUC SPIDLE MOTOR

OPERATORS SKILL IS REQUIRED IN OPERATORS SKILL IS REQUIRED IN

CONVENTIONAL MACHINE VMC MACHINE

MACHINE SLIDES ARE OPERATED MACHINE SLIDES ARE MOVED BY

FEED BACK DEVICE FOR SLIDE MOVEMENT, SERVO MOTORS

JOB WILL ROTATE JOB WILL BE FIXED

HERE ONLY TWO MAIN HERE THREE MAIN AXIS ARE

TWO AXIS SIMULTANEOUS THREE AXIS SIMULTANEOUS

MAIN OPERATIONS :- MAIN OPERATIONS :-

VC= II DN Mtrs / Min

N N= ALLUMINIUM & NON

S S= HEAT RESISTANT SUPER ALLOYS

TOOL MATERIAL AS PER COMPONANT MATERIAL –

TABLE SIZE 1000 X 450(mm)

SPINDLE TAPER 7 / 24 (BT- 40)

SPINDLE POWER(15 min / cont.) 11 / 7.5 KW

FEED RATE 1 – 10000(mm/min)

CHIP TO CHIP TIME 6 sec

CNC vertical machining center

CNC vertical machining center

CNC vertical machining center

REFERENCE CATALOGUE GIVEN ARE

CNC vertical machining center

CNC vertical machining center

THE JOB HAS TWO MORE

CNC vertical machining center

Z = - 250 before z measure

CNC vertical machining center

Geometry Offset :The length of tools are entered in

Definition of part program:

There are 3 Types of Motion

Circular Interpolation (G02/G03)

Rapid motion is used in programs whenever the tool will

-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 Work Zero (0,0) X+

To move from 1 to 2, command given is G00 X-20. Y20.;

Tool moves to a specified point in the work

-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 Work Zero (0,0) X+

To move from 1 to 2, command given is G01X-20Y20F0.1;

Tool moves along a circular path at the feed

NOTE :- IN R METHOD WE CANNOT PROGRAM A COMPLETE CIRCLE(360)

G90 :- ABSOLUTE DIMENSIONING COMMAND

G91 :- INCREMENTAL DIMENSIONING COMMAND

G94 :- Feed per Minute

G95 :- Feed per Revolution

G28 :- Return to reference point

G04 :- Dwell time command

G43 – Tool length compensation + ve direction

1. M00 Conditional Stop.

Spindle is programmable in three ways:

M03: On in fwd direction

Two more M codes control flood

Coolant is, of course, used to cool

M code which control the tool change:

M06: Tool change

We should always give tool number

M98: Sub Program call

We should always give program number with

DIMENSIONAL BLOCK FEED BLOCK

TOOL : DIA 50MM CUTTER, Vc = 200 mtrs/min , F= .4 mm/rev ,